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443759 ° 














THE 


UNITED SERVICE 


JOURNAL 


AND 


Aadal and Military Magazine. 





1830. PART I. 


LONDON: 


HENRY COLBURN AND RICHARD BENTLEY, 
NEW BURLINGTON STREET, 





JOURNAL 


Padal and Military Magazine. 


1830. PART I. 


Lonnow : 


PRINTED BY SAMUEL BENTLEY, 
Dorset treet, Ficet Street. 


CONTENTS 


FIRST PART OF 1830. 





Skeren of the Battle of the Pyrenees. F 3 eet, 
Service Afloat during the late War. . 9, 173, 294, 538, 704 
Arnold and André. . . . » 15 
‘Traits of Admiral Byng . 19 
Biographical Sketch of General the Earl of Harrington, Gi . . 4 
On the Russian Conquest in Asia. P 28 
Biographical Memoir of the late Capt. Richard ‘Saintill, Ri N. . 32 
Remarks on the Military Surveying Systems. ; f 38 
‘Suggestions in Naval Economy. . 41,197 
Proposition for Employing Men-of:War as Transports. 46 
‘A Popular View of Fortification and Gunnery, No. I. 49, No- I. 816, No. IIT. 586 
Prelitninary Naval Education. 59 
Law by which the Recruiting of the French Army is now Reguled . 62 
Naval Gunnery 2 i 69 
Royal Military College, Sandhurst 4 : z . 7% 
East India Company's Military Seminary. : ‘ 83 
Aphorisms of Sit Philip Sidney : 9 . . 4 
Foreign Miscellany i A . 85, 214, 346, 617, 746 
Breaking the Line. : : F ‘ 98 
Indian Army. r nag : e . 95 
Naval Surveys . . ’ . 3 - 96 
Saving’s Banks . ; ‘ ? 97, 365 
Minor Punishments in the Army i : : . 97 
Second Masters in the Navy : . : : 98 
Chronometers + © * . . 9 
Macintosh's Water-proof Cloth, : 2 98 
Pensions to Widows of Naval Officers. : + 99 


Employment of Half-pay Officers on the Recraiting ‘Service % 99 
“J, M." on Albuera ‘ ‘i : 
The Editor's Portfolio 





iv CONTENTS. 
PAGE 


General Orders, Circulars, &c. to the Amy 103, 244, 373, 505, 638, 765 
Courts Martial i ‘ 119, 507, 765 
‘Monthly Naval Register 3 120, 246, 378, 508, 639, 766 
Annals ofthe British Fleet, from the Year 1793, . 122, 254, 384 
Distribution of the Army 4 é P 125 
Annals of the British Army, from the Year 1793 128, 256, 381, 511, 642 
Gazettes s 131, 260, 387, 516, 644, 770 
Births, Marriages, and Deaths : . 134, 262, 389, 518, 645, 770 
Meteorological Register : . 136, 264, 392, 520, 648, 772 
‘The Maroon War ‘ . ‘ 2 137 
A Visit to the Island of Johanna : Pere 
Account of the Annual French Cavalry Camp of Exercise at “Luneville, 
1829 ? ‘ - 158 
Priority of Services in the Buropean Armies. 160 
Notes from the Unpublished Journal of a late Naval Officer . + 161 
Death of a Corsican Chief 5 166 
My First Affair—Storming of the Redoubt : . - 180 
The late Rear-Admiral Chambers. u a 3, 164 
African Travellers. : ‘ ‘ “ . 187 
A Perpetual Log 198 
Sketch of the Services of the late Lieut-Gen. Sir Miles Nighi 
K.C.B. and M.P. . e 195. 
‘Annals of the Peninsular Campaigns : : : 201 
‘The Life of Sir Thomas Munro i ‘ + 208 
‘The Royal Naval College at Portsmouth. ¢ :. 220 
Notes on Military Pensions g e aarest 
Colonel Napier in reply to General Brenier ‘ A 228 
J. M. on Military Science. 7 : 2 + 228 
Sam Sprit to the “ Heditur” ‘ 3 a : 226 
‘Colonel Evans and India . . . + 229 
Equipment and Qualities of Eighteen-Gun-Brigs ¢ 230 
Correction of an Error in the “ Annals of the Peninsular Campsie" + 231 
‘Occultations of Stars . . 231 
Royal Marine Artillery é rs r 2 . 232 
‘Changes in the Stations of Corps. : 246, 387, 510, 641, 769 
Distribution of the Royal Navy in Commision Jan. 1830... + 249 
Prize Money ‘ + 253, 644 
Colloquies with Folard . No. L 265, No: me 450, No. ITI. 670 
Memoir of Sir Charles Vinicombe Penrose, K.C.B. Vice-Admiral of the 
White . . . 7 + TS 
The Calmuc Battle-Song e 286 


Two Months Recollections ofthe late War in Spain and Portugal 267, 415 
‘Sketch of the Services of the late Lieut.-Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, K.C.B. 303 


CONTENTS. 


Scenery in the St. Lawrence. 

‘A Day's Journal on Board a Transport 

A Tale of the Spanish War 

Anecdote of his late Majesty and General Picton 
‘Thoughts on the Classification of Ships. 
Great Guns on a Novel Construction 


On the Diminution of Expenditure without taps the Bey of 


the Naval and Military Establishments 
Recollections in Quarters : 
Naval Reminiscences 


Line 
Sir Howard Douglas, ditto 

‘System of the Coast Blockade 

Our Military Establishments, present and former 
‘Commanders of Packets and Frat 

‘The Bengal Army 

‘American Ships of War 

Case of the Half-pay by Reduction 

Colonel Denham 

Naval Uniform 

Preliminary Naval Education 

Defence of India 

‘The United Service Museum 

Parliamentary Papers 


332 


340, 610 
343, 613 
Sit Charles Dashwood in Reply to the Quaney Review on Breaking the 


360, 


Personal Narrative of Capt. Capone, of the Hon. Company's Ship 


Marquis of Ely 

Song 

‘The Rogniat Controversy 
‘Song of Mina’s Soldiers 
Letters from Gibraltar 


No. 1. 428, No. IT. 


Biographical Sketch of the late Major Taylor, ofthe Royal Artillery 


‘The Story of Ja'far, Son of the Sultan of Wadai 

Border Incursion 

Extracts from a Cruiser's Log 

‘A Commander's Petition on the Present Naval Uniform 
Navarin in 1825 : 

Remarks on Military Punishments 

‘Narrative of the War in Germany and France 
Adventures in the Rifle Brigade 

Letters from Nova Scotia 

‘Cheap Living for Half-pay Officers 

Late Board of Longitude—Adiiral Brooking’s Ruder 


435, 547, 


352 
353 
358 
360 
361 
361 
362 
363 
364 
365 
366 
366 
367 
376 


393 
403 
404 
414 
579 
432 
682 
445 
446 
449 
461 
465 
471 
478 
480 
485 
486 


vi CONTENTS. 


rao 


Appointments to the Command of Ships . + 490 
Rectifcation of an Error in the “ Annals of the Peninsular Campion” 491 
Overland Invasion of India . 492 
Naval Board to Tovestigate Plans and Inventions Z F 494 
Clarence Medal. é : . f + 495 
‘The Madras Army si Fe 3 a 3 495 
Regimental Subscriptions. F é , + 497 
On the Charging and Capture of Guns : 3 F 498 
Former and Present Rate of Pay i P + 499 
Naval Occurrences near Patras, in October 1827 ‘ é 499 
Sale of Unattached Commissions P + 500 
Employment of Frigates to convey Specie from Vera Cruz ‘ 501 
Parliamentary Proceedings - . + 504, 636, 764 
Regulations for the Entry and Rating of Young Gentlemen on board His 

Majesty’s Ships, &. + 506 
Memoranda relative to the Lines thrown up to cover Lisbon in 1810 521 
Lines on the Death of Major-Gen. David Stewart, Governor of St. Lucia 546 
Vox Populi. 4 ‘i 7 2. 558 
[A Visit to the Island of Anticosti ; . . - 559 
Sierra Leone in 1827 . . . . . 564 
Parker, the Mutineer 3 ‘ . 572 
‘On the Capture of Curagoa, 1st. ai 1807 « a . 574 
Algiers. ; - 575 
‘Additional Statement of Facts on Breaking the Line. 595 
On the Diminution of Expense, and the Increase of ESiciency attainable 

by the Improvement of the Materiel of the Navy . 603 
Ancient and Modern Tactics. + 624 
Disadvantages of an Invariable System of Promotion by Seniority. 627 
Succession of Captains of the Navy to Increased Rates of Half-pay 628 
Relative Pay of Colonels in the Army and copes in the Ney ‘ 629 
Colloquies with Folard—Fire Arms. + 629 
Naval Commands and Appointments : A : 630 
Military Medical Department . p ; f + 631 
Regimental Staff Officers E ; : 632 
Oldest Record existing of the British Naval Uniform 3 + 633 
‘New Zealand, in 1829 . . . + . 649 
Sharp-shooting at Woolwich. . ; x - 658 
Warfare of the North American Indians é : : 659 
Canadian Loyalty : j Z i + 681 
‘A Cruise up the Saguenay ‘ : : 693 
Farewell to India. i Z ‘ : + 697 
General Sir Hew Dalrymple, Bart. . 2 ‘ ri 698 


Cavalry Tactics—Movements by Threes i . . 713 


CONTENTS. 


An Address to Military Messes 3 s 
Memoranda on Reduction a . . . 
‘The King’s Own 

Military Suipag—Dy. Bullingala Loetaress, A : 
‘Naval Administration of Great Britain since 1815 

1. Wi. to Miles Minden. . 

Importance of mobnteitiag » Dabeuntve Foran ow wi loquats footag 
Administration of the Medical Department of the Army . rf 
Brevet Rank in the Navy. 5 + F 

‘The Lieutenant-Colonels of the Army : c . 
Conveyance of Troops in Government Vessels . 
Position of the “Devil's Rock.” . 4 . . 
King’s Packet Service - 
‘Tardy Promotion’ io the Marines Review bo Bisckhext F 
Surrrenewr—Letter from Toulon . 


ERRATA. 


1629, PART I. 


Page 006, third stanea, ath line, for “The” read « She” 
716, line 12 from bottom, for « designed” read “ deigned.”” 
44, line 8, third paragraph, for ‘* mouptainiraches” read “ mountain tract 
7Gr, line 12 trom bottom, for “Is” read “a. 
70T, 24 line from bottom, dele “ and” and insert + to be.” 
TBI, dele the paragraph at bottom of page ander the head of “ Royal Engineers.” 


1630, PART I. 

Im the Bxplanation of Fig. 2, read N. palisading at the {oot of the interior slope of the Glacis 
Instead of * palisading, at the foot of, In the Interior slope of the Glacl 

Fig. 3. The scale ln’ scale of feet. 

Fig. 4 In the Explanation ofthis @gure, instead of «99 cup.” read “09 caponniére.” 

Page 62, third line from bottom, for "en cremalllzre” read “en eremaillére.” 

125, for Dragroona” read Dragoons.” 

Page 167, a mistake occurs in the note refering to a publication by Capt. W. F. Beechey, RN. 

The work referred to in the text is entitled, * Proceedings of the Bapedition to explore the Northera 
‘rom Tripoly eastward, in 1831 and 1672 ; comprehending an Accoant of the Greater 

rts alee, and of the Antient Citkes composing the Pentapolis, by Capt. F. W. Beechey, 
aod H. W. Beechey, aq, F-8.A."—poblabed in 1828, 

Page 220, lat line bat one from the bottom, for“ the boom main-anl varying ever from,” de, 
read "the boom main auil drawing, even from,” &e. 

pardonable. 


Page 225, second line from top, for “ pardonable” read « 
‘298, line 12 from the top, for ““hawser” read “ horse. 

329, line 14 from the bottom, for * defences of the second line" read “defences of the frst, 
for advaneed! tine.” 
































THE 


UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL, 


AND 


NAVAL AND MILITARY MAGAZINE. 


SKETCH OF THE BATTLES OF THE PYRENEES, 


Tue Duke of Dalmatia, on the 25th of July, 1813, assaulted the 
in the neighbourhood of Roncesvalles,* and the Connt d’Erlon 
that of Aretesque, four miles in front,of Maya. The result of this day’s 
combat obliged Generale Sir L. Cole, Byng, and Morrillo, to fall back 
from Roncesvalles ; owing to this retrograde, the British army were 
taken in reverse. The fifth division at daybreak had stormed the 
breaches of St. Sebastian without success, two thousand men had 
fallen, or were made prisoners at the various points of contest ; and 
Lord Hill fell back during the night from the pass of Maya. So far 
every thing seemed propitious to: the views ‘of the French Marshal. 
Under all these circumstances, Gen. Canipbell, (who was stationed 
with a Portuguese brigade at the pass of Los Alduides,) finding his 
flanks laid bare, retired from that post, and during the 26th formed a 
junction with Gen. Sit T. Picton, who, by a-flank movement to the 
right, had marched from Olacque to Lizoain, for the purpose of suc 
couring the troops falling back from Roncesvalles. 

During these operations, Lord Hill had taken up a strong position at 
Irrueta, sixteen miles from the pass of Aretesque, where he opposed 
for the time being the farther progress of the Count d’Erlon. This 
position covered the flank of Sir 'T. Picton’s column retrograding from 
Zubiri, and prevented the Count d’Erlon from uniting with the Duke 
of Dalmatia, and also enabled the sixth division to march direct to the 
rear from San Estevan, and to unite at the well-arranzed puint d’appui. 

Five miles in front of Pampiona, where, on the 27th, the General-in- 
chief joined those troops which had retired from Zubiri under the com- 
mand of Sir T. Picton, Generals Sir L. Cole, Byng, Campbell, and Mor- 
illo, were drawn up on astrong ridge in front of Pamplona, and flanked 
by the rivers Arga and Lanz. Sir T. Picton was in a manner thrown 
back on the left of the Arga, in frant of Olaz, and supported by Lord 











* Pamplona is thirty-five miles from the extremity of the principal pass at Ronces- 
valles, forty-five from that of Arctesque in front of Maya, and fifty-five miles froni the 
pass of Vera: all these points it was necessary to occupy on the right of the Bidassoa, 
which clearly demonstrates the advantage the enemy possessed by attacking princi- 
pally at Roncesvalles. 


U.S. Joury. No. 13. Jan. 1830. D 








ane Roar 
tapes lap won vate amt 







sack this movement and 
tad got clear off, the 
-vurusted the furm-bouses in succession from the right, and 
wck, A.M. quitted the tuwn of Vera within pistol-shot 

inels; who pretended not to notice this retrograde, 
i Apprehensive of bringing on an action without being 

ut to dixplay a sufficient force to assume offensive move= 
Imo conjecturing that the division might meet with a recep- 
tion little anticipated on reaching the neighbourhood of Pamplona. 
‘Vhe Duke of Dalmatia at this moment was still pursuing the t 
from Honcenvalles and Zubiri, and actually within a few hours of tl 
vlelnity of Pamplona, fro days march behind the second and seventh 
divizions, und three in rear of the light division, and even threatening to 
dwterveyd the sixth division from St. Estevan. 

Aa T waa loft with the pickets at Vera, I had a good opportunity of 






—— 


BATTLES OF THK PYRENEES. 3 
‘of the French ont made no forward 
loitering bebin wits Cert distance of 

troops bad crossed to the Jeft banle 


roine, * Why 

dl tell them to tirdr tow bdlas w este 

to explain that our flank was tuned, and all 
of an army; little to her satisfuetion, for she 


the front att 


Here we hulted during the night, On the follow= 

of Pamplona took place thirty miles in our roar, and, 

amongst the mountains, we did not hear of the event 

‘The combat began in a singular mannce: 

ander Gen. Puck, w! its march over a rough 

d by stone walls, within a few miles of Pamplona, 

d the coated French columns in full march, 
behind the 


‘The French, being foiled in thix manquyre, 
ti inst the front of the heights on which the 


‘the Duke of Wellington repeatedly thanked the ya~ 

Lreath to renew fresh efforts with the 

ig the enemy headlong from the crest of the ragged 

a eA most sanguinary and furious contest, 

rther offonsive movements on that position. 

in-chief could only collect, at the end of three days, 
a2 






+ SKETCH OF THE 


aperDiice pe Wakatia, which clearly Geraoastraten:she.grese 
“of occupying such a vast and difficult range orga The first, se 
cond, fifth, seventh, and light divtsions, were too far 
‘the action of the 28th; and even the third division, only a few’ miles 
to the right of the field of action, could not take part in it, as the ene- 
my had a corps of observation opposite Sir T- Picton, bucked by a nume- 
ous train of artillery and a large budy of cavalry, in readiness to en- 
him, should the sixth and fourth divisions lose the day. 
light division continued in position at Santa Cruz during the 
whole of the 28th, having completely lost all trace of the army ; and 
during these doubtful conjectures, at sun-set we began to descend a 
near Zubieta, to endeavour to cut in upon the road be~ 
tween Pamplona and Tolosa, as it was impossible to know whether 
Lord Lynedoch, by this time, was not even beyond the latter town; and 
to add to our difficulties, the night set in so extremely dark that the 
soldiers could no longer see each other, and begun to tumble about in 
all Saran — sory ee . on shelvings ae Ss sete 
veloped in the thicket, that they could no longer extricate themselves 
from the trees and underwood, The rocks und the forest resounded 
with many voices, while here and there a small fire was kindled and 
fess up, as if lighted in the clouds by some magic hand. For nee 
at length became so exhausted and out of temper, at the toil of lu; 
ing my unwilling aveed, that ia a fit of despair I mounted an 
ping a tight rein, permitted the animal to pick its own steps. 
branches of the trees 60 continually twisted round my head that I ex- 
pected every minute to find myself suspended ; at last the trusty horse 
pandas stop, having emerged from the forest into a small hamlet, 
whore I encountered a fow harassed soldiers, inquiring of cach other 
where the main body had vanished to, or what direction to pursue, for 
See longer Anew whether they were advancing or ing ; ant 
without farther ceremony, began to batter, with the butt-end of their 
firelocks, the strong and massive doors of the slumbering inhabitants, 
demanding, with stentorian voices, if any troops had passed that way ; 
a difficult question for people to answer who had just risen from 
their mattresses, and now timidly opened their doors, in considerable 
» being apprehensive that we hud come at midnight hour to rob 
and plunder them. At last a resolute Spaniard® threw 9 large capote 
over his sboulder, and stepping forward said, * Sonores Caballeros, 
only inform mo whence you came or whither you are eine, and I will 
beyenr ‘ide ;" but we were so bewildered, owing to the crooked path, 
the intricate windings of the forest, that no one could take uy 
himself to point towards the direction of the bleak mountain we hai 
come from, or the name of the place we were going to; as a matter of 
expediency, therefore, we patiently awaited the coming morn. 





* On the 29th, at the end of four days’ fgbtiog, both Marshals desisted from bostti~ 

fios in fiom of Pamplonn.. ‘The: Breach pendent re tanre 

to assist the Count d’Erlon, who had followed the march of Loe ‘ill by Lane. 

‘Duke of Wellington, on the other hand, was drawing in the seventh divivion to in 

ware 4 communication with Lord Hill, and also watching his adversary’ movements, to. 
“tahe advantage of what might accrue on the morrow. 





BATTLES OF THE PYRENEES. & 


At daybreak,* a scene of complete confusion presented itself, the 
greater part of the division being scattered over the face of a steep and 
woody mountain, and positively not half a league from whence they 
had started on the previous evening. As soon as the various corps had 
grouped together, they followed the only road in sight, and soon met 
@ mounted officer, who directed them towards Leyza: near that place 
one-balf of the division were already bivouacked, having reached the 
valley before the Pitehy darkness had set in. It was now the third day 
since we had retired from Vera, and Gen. Baron C. Alten became so 
uneasy, that he ordered some of the best-mounted regimental officers 
to go in various directions to ascertain, if possible, some tidings of the 
army, with which he had no communication for three days, and were 
now isolated amongst the wilds of the Pyrenees, on the left of the 
river Bidassoa, half-way between St. Sebastian and Pamplona. At six 
o'clock the same evening we again broke up and marched two leagues 
in the direction of Arressa, and then bivouacked in a wood, with an 
order not to light fires, to prevent any of the enemy's scouts or spies 
ascertaining our route. Two hoursafter nightfall, the troops were again 
put in motion, and I was left in the forest, with directions to continue 
there all night, to bring off in the morning any baggage or stragglers that 
might happen to go astray. At daylight on the 30th, having collected 
together a few women who dared not again encounter another toilsome 
night-march along the verge of precipices ; it was a droll sight to see 
this noisy group defiling from the forest, many dressed in soldiers’ 
jackets, battered bonnets, and faded ribbons, with dishevelled locks 

anging over their weather-beaten features, as they drove along their 
lazy borricas with a thick stick; and when the terrific blows laid on 
ceased to produce the desired effect, they squalled with sheer vexation, 
lest they might be overtaken, and fall into the hands of the enemy's 
light horse. Having travelled for two hours as a sort of guide to these 
poor women, I perceived an officer at some distance in front, and on 
overtaking him, he expressed the greatest joy at seeing me, and declared 
that he had been wandering for some hours in the most agitated state of 
mind, not knowing whither to bend his footsteps. The division had drawn 
up again during the night, and having laid down on the flank of the 
column, he had fallen into a profound slumber, out of which he had 
awoke at broad daylight, with the rays of the sun shining full on his 
face, and when somewhat recovering his bewildered recollections, he 
wildly gazed around for the column which had vanished, and springing 
on his feet, halloed with all his might ; but no answer was returned, a 
solemn silence reigned around, save the fluttering of the birds amongst 
the luxuriant foliage of the trees, the morning dew no longer bespan- 
gled the sod, nor did the print of a single footstep remain to guide his 
course : at length, in a fit of desperation, he hastily tore a passage 
through the thicket, and luckily reached the road, and at random saun- 
tered along inno very pleasant mood, until I overtook him. Soon after 





peasant, who re- 


in want of a guide, to employ 
x accustomed to 


urney. ‘These Pizwnes, bei 





* Tt was a frequent custom, whe: 
ceived a dollar at the end of his da 

astoral lives, were well acquainted with every inch of ground or by-path for leagues 
around their habitations, as well as the various fords across rivers and tributary 
streams ; which depend on the season of the year, or the quantity of rain that might hap- 
pen to fall at uncertain periods on these mountains. 

















6 . SKETCH OF THE 


we heard to our left-sounds like those of distant thunder ; as the 
was perfectly serene, we concluded that the noise must be caused 
‘a heavy firing of musketry.* On reaching Arriba we found moct of 
jerdoors: Coned ; however, we succeeded in purchasing a loaf, and then 
‘seated ourselves on the margin of a clear mountain-stream, where we 
Aevoured it, and then solaced ourselves with a hearty draught of thé 
refreshing be’ ; this stream looked go inviting, that we threw off 
our clothes and plunged into it. Notwithstanding the cooling effects of 
the bathe, the fect of my companion were 20 much ewollen, owing to 
previous fatigue, that with all his tagging he could not pull on his boots 
; fortunately mine were old and ensy, so we readily effected an 
and then followed the road acrass 2 high monntain, from 
whose summit we saw the division bivouacked to the right of the broad 
and well-payed rond (near Lecumberri) which lends from Pamplona to 
; from this position we could march to either of those places, 
being half-way between them; here the division awaited the return of 
its scouts the whole of the following day. 

The French army being completely worn ont, and having suffered 
torribly in killed and wounded, continued to retreat during the 31st, 
followed by five divisions of the British in three columns, by the roads 

Roncesvalles, Maya, and Donna Maria. On the evening of the same 

,, although obliquely to the reur of the pursuing columns, we receiv 

ed orders, if possible, to overtake the enemy, and attack them wherever 
they might be found. Accordingly, in the middle of the night we got 
ler arms and began our march ; towards the middle of the following 
day, (the Ist of Aug.) having already marched twenty-four miles, we 
descended into a deep valley between Ituren and Elgoriaga, where the 
division drew up in column to reconnoitre the right flank of the enemy, 
who were still hovering in the neighbourhood of San Estevan. After 
an hour's halt, we continued our movement on the left of the Bidassoa, 
and for three hours ascended, or rather clambered, the rugged osperities 
of a prodigious mountain, the by-path of which was composed of over= 
Ty labs of rock, or stepping-stones ; at four o'clock in the ufternoon 
a Sying dust was descried, glistening with the bright and vivid flashes of 
small-arms, to the right of the Bidasson, and in the valley of Lerin. 
A ey ee inatantly set up "the enemy!” the worn soldiers raised 
thei) it heads covered with dust and sweat: we had nearly reached 
the summit of this tremendous mountain, but nature was quite ex 
Aauated ; many of the soldiers lagged behiad, baving accomplished more 





‘enemy endeavoured to tum Lord Ifill's left 
fark by the road to Bi ‘Count d'Erlow was stiiving to execute this 
‘movement, the light divi agly, wore marching on his fight Aank : however, 
‘the Genoral-in-olief being still in position in front of Pamplona, finding that the Duke 
‘of Dalnsatia bad weakened his left and centre, to support the Count d'Erlon, immedi- 
Ately cquntemmaneuvred. and altace the right of Ms opponent with the ssth and se. 
divisions, the left with the third division, aud Uken pierced the centre of the ene 
‘rth the fourth division and Gen, Byng's brigade of the second division, and before 
sran-set pushed back the envy beyond Olacque > by this attack the left fhuk of the 
“Count d'Frion beeame wncaversd, and obliged him to fall back, during the night, to- 
amis the pass of Doana Mari, to avo falling ino the snare rina tended for 
Iversurys 







* ‘This firing was neur Lizasso, 
and 








BATTLES OF THE PYRENEES. “f 


ayy Seats the rocky roads intersected with loose stones, 
fell heavily on cgitic rocks, frothing at the mouth, black in 
eir last "agonies, whilst others, unable to 
the ga leaned on the muzzles of their firelocks, 
in disconsolate uccents that they 


in ae ae? ‘but fortunately numerous clear 
it taatiad eras ke and all; me 
e nS, layed the 
in SE he hard work Dee sees 
a cia, and death by the rond-side fre- 
si ings,—but what Log tinord can equal 
At seven in inthe Fevening, the divigon wing been in 
and accomplished nearly forty miles, it was found 
SSeS the second brigade near Aranaz, ax Rien 
nw parallel with theenemy, and some hours t-head 
the left column of our arm; Peerage 
5 at sauig we overlooked the ate wT stone's 
the ‘of a tremendous precipice, thi 
eee tin ivceli were neceret hk tacwt oleh iameeoes 
ae them on one side, and the river on the other: 


f 


f 


Hl 
i 
Hee 


Lge 
an 
ane 


| 


i 
al 


TREE 


confusion took place ami them as is impossible to describe ; 

the wounded were thrown down during the rush and trampled upon, 
and thera drew tet srords abd endeavoured to charge up the 
‘of Echalar, {tbe say ning on their right flonk,) but the Ja- 
beat them levee them, horses and all, were prem 
oi oes the river ; Peekens fired Cae at us, whilst the wound- 
for quarter, and pointed to their numerous soldiers 5 


on the shoulders of their comrados in bearers, compoved of 
af frees, to which were suspended great coats clotted with 
eee Se Sheets, tuken from various ona hableations, to curry 
meeps on whom we did not fire, Our attention wus soon 
from thia epreweeged spectacle to support the Rifle ° while 
the enemy wha had crossed over tho bridge of Yansi to 
s, to enable the ail of their colurnn to get off night closed on 
vagal ‘but, owing to our seizing the bridge, we cut 
whl a base, whl ait fell into the hands of the coluinn 


eae ‘they co the most ying! ‘day's ‘s march I ever remember, 
et i morning, soon after dayli it ne the 
Yanai bel cali fie letached «si force to 
‘awards Echalary until the t came up from the di- 

Pe ne Ee which had bung on the enemy's rear for the 
days. Continuing our march, we once more de- 

Pe easier posite Vera, where the French sentinels were 

1x if rooted to the rocks on which they were stationed the 





5 leg meer Verceval, of the Rifle corps. * Well,” 
ene tacts Gt Sat or ma ‘and useless by my side from an 





= 


8 SKETCH OF THR BATTLES OF THE PYRENEES. 
Siavigs baditaken is daparinss: As soon as the second brigade came 


pare again asconded the heights of Santa Barbara, where we found ~ 
a 


rench corporal, with a broken leg, his head resting on a hairy knay 

sack, and supported in the arms ceeigoecias who ey ae 
“ed behind to protect the life of his friend from the cuchillo of the 
niards. Ax soon as he had delivered him to the care of the En, 
‘soldiers, he embraced the corporal. saying, “ du revoir, bon camarade 
en Lair, he descended the mountain to rejoin the French army on the 
opposite range of heights, Of course, no one offered to molest this 
atmple soldat, who easily effected bis escape, As our pickets could not 
enter the valley until our right was cleared, and the enemy pushed from 
the mountain of Echalar, as soon as another division att 

heights, the first Rifles moved on and clambered the mountain of St. 





hs summit of tha ouxtaln ae wrappel ia» denae fogs ‘ari. 
sible firing commenced ; it was impoasible to ascertain which purty 
was getting the best of the Baht the combatants were literally 
contending in the clouds. When balf-way up the side of the moun- 


form Pintoguese, laid bold of Hira, shrast « bayoset through Inia thigh, 
mashed the stock rf ae 


~ of the precipice nnder which we discovered him, ‘The second Fi 


about Echalar. Thus, after a series of difficult marches, amongst a 
chaotic jumble of sterile mountuins, the enemy were totally ‘Aiscomit § 
an enormous loss, by a series of the most extraordinary and brilli- 
Sdanpieie the Peninsular war. For pares Beye the French had the 
vantage owing to their superiority of numbers at a given point ; 
but on the fourth day, the same divisions which had so he sical 
fought while falling back, sustained, with their backs to a hostile fore 
tress, (whence the enemy sortied during the battle,) 2 most 
assault made by the Duke of Dalmatia, over whom the Duke of Wel- 
ington gained a memorable vietory, and ceased not in turn to pursue 
the French Marshal, until he was glad to seek shelter from whence he 
came, ‘The standards of Britain again waved aloft and flapped in the 
gentle breeze over the fertile fields of France. 


SERVICE APLOAT. 


‘WEISG THE PENSOWAL NARRATIVE OF 4 NAVAL GFFICRR 
DURENG THE LATE WAR. 


rae epee trp 
aa in 's service, and on 
SERRE SSfectbacked on bed tho Bada on old ship out her Inst 
Tape A een an Chie, then lying at Long Reach. 

T Aegina eee element were by no means 
caleulated to the most favourable sapetediat 4f the'proleedeo 
Thad chosen ; and had I been less fond of a life of adventure and ex- 
citement, my first ab aoe probably have been also ae 

ip Thad ever seen, consequently T hitherto 


‘the mizen top-; it-yard, or the mizen- 
top-sail; above all, those confounded futtock-shrouds, by which one 
remains so unnaturally suspended, like a bine between heaven and 

sxeeding! and for days, until quizzed out 

ul is i@ shorter and more easy 

road, und into the top through Lubber's Hole. However, I way 

soon a match for the most adventurous of my ig messmates ; and 

5 eSeiD)jolued 'thesebip; < war very eer peying 

for my i ce while vying with these in fents of ‘lity, 

As ustial with ose on. first’ joining a ship until the novelty ix 
we 


ehbawing cach other up and down the rigging, 
‘scaling every mast in the ship, from the mizen-peak to the 
when, a3 a finale, L must needs take it into m 
the fore-top-mast-head by the stay = this woul 


» had not the say, which I was not aware of, 
d a few feet, when I would 














is out for assistance, and which I felt, moreover, it 
difficult to afford me, Thus suspended, eighty feet above the 
¢, in almost an inverted position, my hands and foot alternately 
to the stay, from which it eee every time a fresh effort to 
at T persevered until I became almost exhausted, and ex- 
‘every moment to be obliged to my held, and to be dashed 
‘At length, by the most painful exertions and perseverance, 


ambition wax tempered with a little more prudence. 
etained nearly two months at the Motherbank collecting 
ese Soha wind: at length we put to sea under 
i i aad one or two other ships of war, 
‘we cleared the Channel, when a malignant fever, with 
nd dysonterr, broke out among tho crow, and in a short time 
in alarming progress, that ere we reached the latitudes of 
Hope, we could not in cases of exigency muster o 


eet and 


10 SERVICR)APLOAT. 


sufficient number of men to perform the required duty. The crew ou 
leaving England consisted, others included, of about one hundred and 
4 but besides ae we carried out three hundred troops, princi- 


times from which it dates its in 
which can only plead custom, and one which, as it is liable to much 
licence and abuse, would be infinitely “ more honoured in the breach 
than the observance,” for its toleration,—was performed, with all the 
inning magnificence befitting sucha solemnity, ‘The Ocean God, 
‘ong of the captains of the forecastle,—with Mrs. Neptune by his si 
in appropriate paraphernalia, the former with his trident, the ship's 
Tages and other symbols of his nautical attributes, drawn in a car, 
surrounded by 0 motley crew of verituble sea-monsters, pereonat- 
ing tritons, &e. proceeded in state from the forecastle along, the Bouse 
to the quarter-deck, to welcome and receive the homuge of 
tain, usual greeting ended, his moist Majesty in the same 
‘state descended to the eee where, enthroned alongside the in 
wash-deck-tub, almost an epitome of the boundless element from whi 
‘it was more than half-filled, he commenced to hold his levee for the 
reception and initiation of those who had not. previously submitted to 
the ordeal which always accompanies a first introduction ; and this, in 
cases of contumacy, resistance, or a grudge on the part of the stseation 
minister, is by no moans a joke. Placed on a plank over the aforesai 
tub, the face of the novice being well lathered with tar, and then 
sasped with a rusty jagged iron-hoop,—the imperial razcr,—certain in 
terrugatocen are put to him, which, if he is simple enough to open his 
mouth to answer, the brush once more well primed is crammed into it. 
Half-suffocated, and ere he has time to recover from the surprise ocea~ 
by asalute, as novel ns unexpected, the planik is suddenly with- 
drawn, and he undergoes a submersion from which he will sometimes 
be {-drowned. aoe ea to fly frou 
he flounders, half-drowned rat, 
just congratulati hi olf that. the re~ 
doubted trial is over, whon he is assailed on one hand with wet swabs, 
and onthe other aluiced with buckets of water, as he runs the gauntlet 
through an avenue of some score of the privileged, among whom none 
va move forward than those who but afew moments before had un- 


-On crossing the equator, the usual ceremony, with ull the rude cha- 
Tacteriatin of the barbarous 4 its origi 





interfere with whieh, or deny them 
merchant-vessels be attended with aeogoelts consequences. Among 
even the passengers, all with the exception of the or infirm, what- 
ever their rank, must succumb, unless, and which is entra case, 
eivlggoes ix purchased through the captain or officers by the medium 


a ure 
» Even in His Majesty's ships, a vingulor licence is claimed and per= 





: 


SERVICE AFLOAT. aa 


and for a few hours all order and ine seems 
th wir foe our frigates, in a li 
Aiscplng, in whieh T mpoel und a young ofcet a.com 


were West Indies, a striking instance 
Rone wal, I balioysy oy companion had 


ast 
HE iH 
Hi 
; 
lu 
Ht 
Hil 
Hl 


£ 

! 

Hi 
3 
z 
F 
i 
i 
: 
H 


f 
s5 
F 

a 
i 
i 
i 
Z 
z 
& 
aae 
= 


i 


obstintely 
e soon eanares by numbers, Seeing the funy as well ax 
ih a for we were now com aol 
aa pletely by our 


Hy 
i 
i: 
: 
iF 


B 
ne 
id 
et 


Bese ace tptctina ce dace thet-oom otnplotiy rected 
us. Nothing exceed the indignation of my ally, uaturally of an 
frritable Sar who still continued with as much earnestnens 
i been an affair of life and death, to resist the 
‘sesnilants, who in all quarters mounted to the esculade, laying about 
iis with’ the top ina manner that made me apprehensive that 
‘nome serious consequences would ensue by some one being hurled from 


ome 
the Cape, where we arrived in the month of June, the com= 
‘Winter in this hemisphere, after a long succession of 
we encountered a furious storm, and such « moute 
te wea as is feacics to be met with but in these latitudes. We 
penne starboard ¢ 


main-top-gal beara eal pape or 
int-mast, and otherwise suffered xo much 

m, that we were fain to receive assistance from two or three ships 

M which, on its moderating a little, sent on board a draft of 

‘seamen. the information of those of my readers who may have 

witnessed the wonders of the i god deep,” I must remark, 

the term mountain, as above pel must uot by any means be 

an ‘or merely pootical figure of tpeech: in lth 

‘tude and appearance thoy ar ay sch ship nthe tah 

or valley formed eae ‘of these gigantic billows, is sometimes com 

y shut out from the view o consorts at a little distance. 

sudden lull follows a heavy north-wester, these huge waves, 

sho ef thelt crests, their outline more clearly defined, exhibit, 














s 


‘even then, ted of their more threatening 

cfocs wo a (Se veil very formidable ; theve; for 

wind to steady quently carrying away their masts 
the motion. This with one of = Tndiamen in our 


‘ eater Breet al hee eadienbaees 


Pig loud, caused hier to roll so 


2 SERVICE AFLOAT. 


mene that at every lurch we were on our beam-onds, to the general 

and constant discomfort of the ménage, and the total destruction 
of all the more frail articles of mess, the crockery, &e, Then ever and 
anon the clanking of the pumps, the continual loud and monotonous 
groaning aud croning ofeyery must, gun, and timber, in the crazy ves~ 
wel,—as if the immense fabric, like some huge leviathan, conflicting 
with and writhing under the lashes of the elements, or baler 
with the mournful spectacle of the dead and dying, was sendit 
oe of wail, ee sea which, tl ee fee = ge to 
“soft repose,” was perfectly in harmony and keeping with tl = 
Beate eu “vireen dat, (Wet were urtiedacly the ectyp, 
were crowded with between two and three hundred sick pent up in 
hammocks, where they had barely space to turn. Here and there a 
fow feeble lights glimmering through and half extinguished by the 
dense vapour from the constantly wet decks, barely sufficed to render 
darkness visible, and to disclose a picture of wretchedness and suffer= 
ing not easily to be ten, On the orlop there ure no ports or 
seuttles, consequently, the only means of ventilation was the scanty 

ly of fresh air by the windsails and hatchways, and the customary 

routine of scouring decks was necessarily suspended at long intervals, 
as much by the weather as the crowded state of them, it being impos- 
sible to remove the sick: as may be imagined, therefore, the pestilen- 
tin! efluvin exhaling from disease, accumulated filth, and stagnant va- 
pour, were that of a charnel-house, and sufficiently accounts for ite 
virulence and ravages among the crew. 

As for myself, young and unseasoned as 1 was, it was scarcely to be 
expected I should escape the almost general lot at this trying crisis, 
In common with all my messmates in the midshipmen's berth but one, 
@ tough old stager, who had more than once “ weathered the Cape,” 

_ @sovera attack of dysentery, followed up by one of scurry, whieh swell 
ed =F face and legs to a frightful size, brought me to the verge of dis- 
solution, and, in addition to all this, whenever the motion of the ship 
was unusually increased, I continued more or less subject to sea sick= 
aiess, und this predisposition I did not entirely get the better of ull the 

Youth, however, and 9 constitution naturally robust, carried 
me tl sh all, and change of air and diet on our arrival at Madrag, 
toon re-established my strength. Doubtless one, and not the lenst 
among the couses to which may be attributed my singularly rapid con- 
valescence and recovery, was the diversion of mind, after our monoto- 
nous and dismal passige, which eastern scenery, climate, customs, and 
‘mannors, are so well calculated to afford, Al who have visited India 
at that period of life when the mind, fresh and vigorous, ia most sus- 
tible of vivid impressions, will readily recognise the interest which 
of so novel a kind cannot fail to excite on a first arrival in 
this interesting country: it is a new world, a fresh existence. The 
ol glowing azure of n tropic sky; the mountain surf that 
fonms and thunders along the const ; the plaintive song of the native 
Mussulah boatmen, dashing fearlessly through it ; the scenery; the 
sostume of the grave and inoffensive natives ;—all is calculated to ex- 
cite the imagination, and for a time to occasion a constant variety and 
rapid succession af pleasing emotions. 
A few days after our arrival in Madras Roads, we witnessed the 








SERVIC“ AMLOAT. 13 


heb 
spiel hel Fortunately 


th 
i keaton fen aan ez hase shearers 
flame, und shortly after drifting from her 
not a vestige of her was tu be traced. 
the suiling of the fleet, we received on board as 
the island of Palo Penang, whither 


two Pol Chief, 
underlingw name. cs situa 

men was truly ie 
ba SEAS rst, time in their lives on 
element, and among a stran; pit 
among the catalogue of their ills at this Lar mo- 
should be separated from the only beings to whom 
for ‘ar consolation, whose services were ine 
ious ais 
ed, choy 


of the 


ant tenacit ith which they adhere to, 
readily be imagined that i which amon; 

would have occasioned but a temporary inconveni~ 

an irreparable misfortune. We had, it is true, 

on bourd, but these not being of the sume. 

Ic was amusing to observe to 

# their scruples extended: the 

of another sect, was shunned ox pollution 5 

matter to avoid at all times on a crowded deck, where 

i air, the contact of some one or other, and 


arkable occurred during the remainder of the passage to 

coast of which, after a few days’ stay at Penang, where wo 
cargo of ra we reached in little more than a fortn 
to the usual anche of the East Ini 

in the river of Canton, where we 

months to take in 2 cargo of tea. 





Ww SERVICR AFLOAT. 


‘During this sojourn, the manners and customs of this singular a 

‘so widely dissimilar to those of the rest of the world, presented a 

ling source of interest and amusement ; but the field of obser- 

vation of who trade to China, limited as it is by the jealous 

Se) Chinese to the xs hs Gunton we the eat 

1} jé too contracted to atfor ‘tunity for collectin, 

for a etal 1, or forming correct Joes ay ofthe netional 
habits of this strange people. 

~ To this exclusive system, thus interdicting all but a partial inter- 
course with foreign nations, may he the causes which have 
hitherto prevansed thts otherwise ingenious people, who lay claim to 
the invention of that first essential of navigation the compass, from 
wuking any progress in ship-building or navigation ; for, without re- 
ference to this, an inferiority so striking would be an anomaly very 
Soconsistent with the character of this people, so celebrated for industry 
and skill in the arts and in science. Their janks are the most un~ 
sighely hulks that can be imagined. With a poop and forecastle vying” 
in altitude with their masts, of which they have generally but one, am 
never more than two, each one tingle enormou ir, With a mat-sail 
of pr intl fisantie dimensions, divided ead to foot into 
reefs by poles mboa; how these unsightly, unwieldy ark 
Jittle in unison with European notions of cause and effect, make 
to navigate at all, scems quite an enigma ; but they nevertheless con- 
trive to make considerable voyoges, lugging the shore, and patiently 
waiting favourable uunities of wind and weather. Many of these 
erifts are from five hundred to a thousand tons burthen, with some- 
times a crew of from tliree to four hundred men. To obviate the 
fatal consequences of springing a leak at sea, they huve adopted an 
i ious device: the hol divided into numerous compartments 
by bulk Heads, caulked, and-rendered water-tight. 

Nothing is more delightful to eyes wenried with gazing at 

‘but sky and water during a long Lege than the Jandseape ix t 

immediate vicinity of the anchorage. The whole country on each side 
the rivers in the highest state of cultivation; to the right, on a ver 
dant level of meadow and paddy fields, a short distanec from the river, 
the’ village of Whampoa ; on the left, a succession of benutiful hilly 
islands, insulated by the meandering branches or tributary streams of 
the Tigris; among which, opposite to the shipping, figures Danes 

Tsiand, memorable among British tars as the scene of many a frolic, a8 
well a fracas, with the natives or the seamen of other mations, 

Not far from St. Helena, on our passage homewards, we spoke 
ship, which gave us the first information of the Peace of Amiens. On 
leaving St, Helena, therefore, there being no farther any necessity for 
convoy, or for the feet keeping company, we separated, and as the 
route of each varied more or less, it became a speculation of some in- 
terest which ship would first reach its destination, and considerable 
sunis were staked on the probabilities. In tliis instance we 
‘that “the truce is not always to the swift ;" ontward-bound, we were 
the dollest siiiler in the fleet, and we now reached England the first. 


[To be continued.) 




















1 


ARNOLD AND. ANDRi. 


Mie of excitement occasioned by the revolutionary 

7 ‘not to. be su that on such a sub= 

the: the death u the Gries! Aniré,: 

royalist and revolu prejudi 

ee cere cee 
Ces 

away, there - some individaals still lebg, - the 

witnessed the last moments of poor André, 

‘An to Araold, the Ame- 

will not admit of his 


aie 
Hf 


£ 
i) 
Fe 


ait 
; HE 
i 


the Zaoga 
the death af André 


i tation in 
fore Herp ‘opportu 


: ions by which he was surrounded. Forgott 

the resources of a great private fortune, he em! ied 

asive follies of a sumptuous table, and a train of uxcless 

in nati course of such an improvident career, 

din debts which he had no mesax of discharging. 

frelieving himself from the clumours of his creditors, he 

to engeee in speculations inconsistent with the due dis- 
public functions, and which having for the most 

, were necessarily attended with the moat disas~ 

rom speculation, the wretched Arnold 

the nesource of unfathiful mi ment in the exer= 

and when the accounts of his administration 

Commissioners of Con, a considerable 

him, which he was unable to make good. 

as of Phil ia complained of his numerous ex 

Pennsylvanin brought still more serious 

at length, in the month of June 1778, the 

ed, and tried by a court-martial, who 

-him to be reprimanded by the Com= 








16 ARNOLD AND ANDRE. 


mander-in-Chief, This decision, having been approved of by Cena, 
was exeented in the beginning of 1779. Furious at finding hi 

‘thus attacked on all hands, by the law and by public opinion, Arnold 
ind himself in the bitterest complaints against what he called 
the ingratitude of his countrymen, and swore that he would have ven- 


Ce. 
re importance was then attached to the fortress of West-Point, 
for the preservation of which the American army had long manceuvred 
and often fonght. It was regarded as the key of communication be- 
tween the Eastern and Southern States. Its situation in fact on the 
ridge of one of the most considerable eminences on the right bunk of 
the Hudson, with its double range of batteries and redoubts, traced as 
they had been by the ablest engineers, made it an excellent defensive 
post, the occupation of which gave a great influence to the State of 
lew York. Arnold was not of its value, and it was on this 
important point that he cust his eyes in preparing for his rev 
he had ies received the appointment, which he at length 
tained throng the combined influence of intrigue and importunity 
had uddressed « letter to Col, Robinson, an officer in his Majest, 
vice, announcing that he had abjured his revolutionary principles, and 
thot he vehemently desired to regain the esteem of his Sovereign by 
some striking proof of oe This letter noon ed te an afltve 
correspondence between id and Sir Hy Clinton, which was of 
course conducted with the greatest secrecy, Its chief object was to 
devise the meaas of throwing the fortress of West-Point, now under 
Amold's command, into the hands of the English. For the purpose of 
conducting the negotiation with greater security, Gen. Clinton intrust- 
ed it to one of his own nides-de-camp, a young man us distinguished 
his amiable qualities as for his military tulents, which had ut once 
conciliated the affections of his brother officers and secured for him the 
respect and esteem of his superiors ia command. After receiving the 
necessary instructions from Gen. Clinton, Major André embarked in 
this enterprise on board the Vulture sloop-of-war, which brought him 
the Hudson us far os Kingsferry, obout twelve miles below West- 
oint, From Kingsferry his communications with Arnold became fre- 
quent and comparatively easy ; but before the necessary arrangements 
SSH bet alls cond steds 4 pereamal-iotsview wan iadléperiabley aid 
Major André was repeatedly urged by Amol to land for that pur= 
pose, before he would consent to it,—feeling, perhaps, a secret repu, 
nance to come in immediate contact with a traitor, or entertaining, it 
may be, some doubt as to the strict propriety of penetrating the ene- 
my's lines—rebels us he no doubt regarded them—under a name and 
ina character which did not belong to him: the desire, however, of 
Justifying the confidence reposed in fim by Gen. Clinton, induced him 
at to nccede to the proposed interview, which was fixed to take 
lace in the house of a reputed royalist of the name of Joshua Smith, 
juring the night of the Qlst of September, Smith himself came on 
board the Vulture, in u boat rowed by his own domestics, for the pur- 
of carrying Major André wo the place of rendezvous. Arnold was 
waiting on the bank to receive them, when they proceeded bial 
to the house of Smith, where Major André rented concealed petit 
the whole of the following day, At the conference which then 

















ARNOLD AND ANDRE. Ww 


for the of Wi 
iy rane rc ‘occupation piers 
pelea reaching the bank, 
nen ed ye Haden tated ad and 
cna ap eee cSeeceresen pees 
sloop. © Bua eseraesicy, bars jour 
to New York, and @ pass) re Al jer tho 


Under his disguise, 
esos lines aT THe sechiny 
‘him instructions as Res Py 
already approached tl 

when 2 Seeies Sir who with two 
‘een the two rapier suddenly 
nlepees ad Hicks an Peele ma ly ie 

en by surprise, Major André seems to have 

repose crmind eT heads : 


i 
Sata wil wis be hal bass Reins 

mallitiaman belonged. “* Ta the party down 

sod the of gi who thus ee in 

tl arm! en an mn of New 

. tly rejoined Major Andres but scarce 
re fatal roma toescape him, when the arrival of 


‘militiamen discovered to him the error he had committed, 
had a pete Himself. He thought to re~ 


Om i hina ae 
hin pr isa a ha ime in the command of 


ence should immediately be 
ee taa oraniet hic eteeaes 
it of the infra, 
ly took flight, seeking 

the British army. 


oa aie att a court. 
of trying poor André as a apy, 
© 





ARNOLD AND ANDRE, 


\t 
to decline giving any answer to the questions which should be put to 
him ; but with s much greater solicitude for the preservation of his 
honour than of his life, he frankly avowed the nature of the project in 
which he had been j,and seemed to have no other care but that 
of exeulpating thow who jad seconded his enterprise. His j 





heard its announcement with resignation. 
His last moments were naar of his noble character. The follow 
details are from the pen of Dr. Thatcher, an eyewitness of the 
event: 


“2d October, 1780—Major André no longor lives; I was present at his 
execution. It was a scene of the deepest interest. During his imprisonment: 
and his trial, he discovered much dignity of character. The smallest complaint 
was nerer heard from him ; and he appeared to feel very sensibly all the tokens 
which were given of an intorest ig his fate. He left a mother and two sisters 
in England, whom he loved affectionately ; he apoko of ther with tendernen, 
and wrote to Sir Henry Clinton, to recommend them to his personal care. 

* Tho officer of the guard who constantly remained with the prisoner 
‘ed tows, that when they came in the morning to announce to him the hour of 
2g exciton, a di not discover the sligheatemetien. His countenance calm 
snd colocted, was strikingly contrasted with tha sadness of thosa around him. 
Seeing his servant enter bathed in tears, he desired him to withdraw and not 
again to show bimself but with the courage of a man, Hlis breakfast was sent 
10 hitm every morning from the table of General Washington. On that rmornil 
Wa received lt es usodl, and ats ewrithtrangoillity.” We tien sEnved and Weqeed. 
Timself, and having placed hi hat on the table, he turned towards the officers 
of the guard, and said to them with an air of waiety, * Now, gentlemen, you see 
that Tam ready to fallow you.’ When the fatal hour had arrived, a strong de 
tachment of troops was placed under arms, and an immense concourse ok peipie 
was assembled. All our ofticers were present, with the exception of il 
Wi and bis sta, Melancholy reigned throughout the ranks, and 
despair was on every countenance. Major André came from his prison to the 

Nace of punishusent between two non-commissioned officers, who held him 

ams. The looks of the multitude were directed to him with interest. 

countenance, full of dignity, announced his soy of death; and a ati 

mnile would often arise, still more to embellish his fine countenance, when 
ple lesbo did with politeness, all those whom he recogaized in the crowd. 
He tnd expressed u desire to be ahot, regurding that kind of death as more eo 
sisteot with military habits and opinions, and to the last moment he believed 
that his wish was to be granted; but when ho arrived in front of the gibbet, he 
mado an involuntary movement, a atep backward, and stopped for some instants. 
© What is the matter!’ an officer said to him, who was standing by —‘I am well 
to dic,’ was his answer, *but this method ix edjous to me." ile 
at the foot of the gallows, I observed a slight shudder on his counte~ 
nance, and that he made an offort in his throat ss if attempting to swallow, 
hile he placed his foot on a Large stone, and threw his looks for a moment up. 
wards; but soon parceiving that the preparations were comploted, ho stepped. 
lightly'into the east, and observed, as he proudly reised his head, * that it would, 


TRAITS OF ADMIRAL BYNG. 19 


only be a momentary pang.’ Drawing a white handkerchief from his pocket, he 

mdaged his eyes wich & firmness and tranquillity which penetrated tne multi 
tude with admiration, and which made not merely his servant, but many of those 
around him burst into tears. When the cord was attached to the gibbet, he 
took off his hat and passed the running knot over his head, adjusting it to his 
neck without the assistance of the executioner. He was in this situation, when 
Col. Scammel approached, and informed him, that if he had anything to say, he 
was permitted to speak. ‘He then raised the handkerchief from his eyes, and 
said, ‘I beg you not to forget that I submit myself to my fate like a man of 
courage. ‘The cart was then withdrawn leaving him suspended, and he expired 
almost immediately. As he had said, he experienced only a momentary pang. 
He was dressed in his uniform, and was interred in it at the foot of the gall 
the place of his burial being hallowed by the tears of many of those who wi 
nessed the close of his career. Thus died Major André, in the flower of his 
age, the friend of Sir Henry Clinton, and the honour and ornament of the Bri- 
tish army. If the infamous Arnold was capable of entertaining any hofourable 
sentiment, his heart must have been broken with grief and shame, when he heard 
of the tragical end of the unfortunate André. After heaping disgrace on himself 
by accepting service in the ranks of the enemies of his country, he went after 
the war to die in England, contemued even by those for whose benefit he had 
disgraced himself.” 





TRAITS OF ADMIRAL BYNG. 


PROM THE JOURNAL OF AN OFFICER ENGAGED IN THE ACTION 
‘OFF MINORCA IN 1756. 

Towanps the end of March 1756, I left London, and went with two 
brother officers to Portsmouth, to be ready for duty in the Mediter- 
ranean. About the middle of April, the fleet under the command of 
the Admirals Byng and West, sailed for Gibraltar. At this time we 
were certain of a war ; encroachments had already been begun on our 
American possessions by France, and we had every reason to expect 
her immediate hostility in the Mediterranean ; yet that fleet had been 
detained at Spithead for a fortnight till the repairs of the Intrepide 
(a 74-gun-ship we had taken from the French) were completed. 
This circumstance, with many others which attended the unfortunate 
destination of that equipment, convinced me there was something very 
absurd or very corrupt in the administration of the Duke of New- 
castle. 

I need not observe, that from my situation I often saw Admiral 
Byng, though never spoke to him but once. The land-officers had 
been appointed to their several ships; I was to sail in the Revenge ; 
but I had a great desire to go in the Culloden, as in that ship I should 
have enjoyed the company of two or three intimate friends. To make 
this point, I waited upon Admiral Byng, but the arrangement having 
been made, I was told I must abide by it. I must here observe, that 
if “ outward and visible signs” were always genuine and decisive marks 
of the inward man, you might have concluded, from the appearance of 
the Admiral, that he wasahero. His face, his person, and his manner, 
were manly and noble. 

T shall not presume to renew the obsolete question of the motives of 
his conduct in his partial, and, indeed, ignominious engagement with 
the French ; but I remember two anecdotes which rather bear against 

c2 


20 TRAITS OF ADMIRAL BYNG. 


his vase courage. I knew from good authority, thut our them 
worthy old King ( the Sieond frequently declared is sppre- 
hension that Byng would not fight, His Majesty must bave had some 
sound reasons for this apprehension, Besides this, Major Marly of 
‘our regiment, as honourable a man as ever breathed, assured me that 
Admiral Byng, for some disrespectful words to the army, which he 
threw out ina coffve-house at Minorca, tamely suffered an immediate 
and great personal affront from a land-officer who had heard the offen 
sive speech. 

T must confess, I met with nothing very agreeable to my particular 
taste when I went on board the Revenge, a 74-gun ship, in which it 
was my destiny to sail to the classic shores of the Mediterranean, 
Capt. Frederick Cornwall, hee commander, seemed about sixty years 
of age; he had the manners of a gentleman’; he had a good persoft and 
a good face, but there was a natural haughtiness in him which had not 
been softened by the naval school of those days, He had lost an arm. 
when a lieutenant on bourd the Marlborough, in the engagement of 
Mathews and Lestock against the French and Spaniards, in the year 
1744, off Sicily. He was a man of the most collected and determined 
‘courage, of which 1 was an ocular witness in Byng’s engagement, The 
irresistible enthusiasra of the English naval spirit forgets or despised, 
the awful but cold authority of power, which in vain attempted to 
freeze that spirit. But I shall speak more particularly of the battle 
in its proper place ; T come now to our advance towards it. 

In our voyage to Gibraltar, we encountered a violent storm in the 
Bay of Biscay. When the weather had 50 far abated that Jandemen. 
might be on deck without incommoding the sailors, I went up to sur- 
yey one of the originals af Sulvator a tempest in the Bay of 
Biscay, displaying one of the most tremendously magnificent scenes 
Mist ean be imagined. “The quotation of « bighly peturesque passage 
from the royal and inspired Psalmist will be very apposite to deseril 
what I saw and felt, “They that go down to the sea in ships, and 
occupy their business in great waters, these men see the works of the 
Lord, and his wonders in the deep. For at his word, the stormy wind 
ariseth, which lifteth up its waves: They are earried up to the hea 
ven, and down again to the deep; and man's soul melteth within him, 
because of the trouble.” 

In the beginning of May, after a voyage of little more than a fort~ 
night, our fleet anchored in the Bay of Gibraltar, We were there in- 
formed that war had been declared in England against France, and 
that the castle of Saint Philip, in Minorcu, was laid siege to by the 
Duke de Richelieu. On this news a council of war met in Gibraltar, 
in which it was determined that Lord Robert Bertic’s regiment, the 
Fusileers, which made part of the garrison, should be sent on board 
‘Admiral Byng’s fleet, to do the duty of inarines, along with the officers 
and reeruits from England, for the Minoren regiments, and to relieve, 
if it were practicable, their comrades in Saint Philip's. This resolu- 
tion of the council to put the English Fusileers on board the fleet, met 
with poeta. from the Governor of Gibraltar, but cea was cat 
Last am now going to relate some particulars, which 1 well remem~ 

of a i 


ious yet memorable day. 
“The Koglish and Fronch Geets came in sight of each other on thé 





TRAITS OF ADMIRAL BYNG. 21 


Pitcsy, Satbd 19th of May, three or four days after we hail sailed 
from rt. ‘The French was under the command of Admiral 
Galissoniere. The enemy's force and ours were nearly equal ; if he 
Thad at all the ads ‘it was so trifling, that a true British euilor 
woald not have to have it of it fora moment. On the 
santo day we were off the Island of Minorca, where we gladly saw the 
British gail ying on the citadel of Saint Philip brave old 
seat continued to hold out against his numerous besiogers, 
though ho had only four regiments to support him, and they were al- 
mest worn out with futigue, Lein; ual to the defence of the place. 
Barly 4a the afternoon of the bth of May, 1786, the line was formes 
ed on both sides ; the fleets were oppeiite each other, and with avery 
short distance between them. Nothing more attracts human admitae 
oe i T shall never forget the youthful transport I felt 
gn abnerving the Delavior of Capt Sacrwhtits 
deol in his full un ith an aspe 
object had been a marriage féte, not a battle. Lord Effingham, a 
gallant man, (who had come out to join his regiments if possible, which 
walking: the quarter-deck, not bel: t ordered hich 
on ele, ret order to my by WI 
was on the Toreciatic. 1 think,” maid uf cr 





fH 
a 
af 
rE 
Es 
ae 
et 
oj 

2 

: 


wore now ordered to their quarters, and the cannon began 
Admiral West led the van, and began the attack with the 
activity and spirit. Admiral Byng, with his division, ad~ 
in a totally different manner; slowly and heavily, when he 
Eeiieiaelcarwith Tapidity end) ardeur. ‘Tha siphe of this 
ness, at 40 critical a moment, struck Capt. Cornwall 
speechless, and, turning to Lord Effingham, and the 
near him, be exclaimed, with all his brave soul jn his 
Good God, what can Admiral Byng mean!" Admiral 
‘est’s division was then warmly ug with the enemy. Ina mi- 
“aver, Capt. Cornwall again out, “Now is the time: our 

st make all the sail he can and fall in with the enemy !” 

it evidently showed that was not his opinion, and our brave 
spin eras gave up all hopes of any good from his conduct, He 
repeatedly and carnestly desired the gentlemen on the quarter~ 
a tuke purticular notice of the Admiral, and to remember well 


eth 


tH 
i 


‘situation, and the tardiness of his movements. He felt the gene 
of all Englishmen at such behaviour, and his breast 

was | of a future inquiry, I shall here remark, that his 
evidence on the court-martial, when it did take place, was one of the 
mest fatsl testimonies against the lingerer ; ioe, Capt. Cornwall 
was so different a man om his Admiral on this eventful ‘day, that 
The even gloriously exposed himself, from tho sincerity of his zeal for 
n ,, tothe censure of martial law. Ho was in Byng's 

ya, but he broke the line, contrary to the Admiral’s arrangement, 
ed the enemy. We had three ships on us at once. My 
the forecastle, with my Welsh and English Fusileers. 
pene wollen ‘of small-arms, After the firing had con« 
two hours, the French fleet sheered off; the wind was in 








b) TRAITS OF ADMIRAL BYNG. 


pate piensa ies Se zon ey ee ey eee 
om, 1 at our not to us 
manfully, ter tat us may ee them. A noble ec eny, 
it Capt, Ward, of the Culloden, a 74-gun ship, was ema- 
lating the example of his friend Cornwall, crowding sail to fall on the 
enemy. Adm. Byng hailed bim as he wax advancing, and ordered 
him to keep his station. In that moment, many of his brave sailore 
pressed towards him, and Borough: ex by every thing that wns dear 
to a British seaman, to lead to the enemy. Ward burat into 
‘tears,—“ What can I do, my worthy fellows?" cried he, “" You sce 
my hands are tied |" 
gentleman, too, gave a mortal wound of evidence at the court~ 
martial on the delinquent admiral, owing to whom, the two largest 
ships in the ficet, the Ramillien und the Calloden, were not tn the se 
‘tion, British always fire at the bull, therefore many were killed 
tee easy eas ee 
en m0) e . Capt. ‘s, hows 
peaathe} the Defiance, which aan Hg Si division, and who 
first bore down upon the Frenoh, was killed. He was an amiable 
man and an excellent officer. We lost Capt. Noel too, of the Princess 
Louisa, and I think he died from his leg being shot away. 
A shall here relate two remarkable circumstances respecting Capt. 
Andrews and . Noel ; they may be rejected by some, they will 
bly be ridiculed by others ; but * there are more things in hea- 
von sal varth than ore dreamed of by your philosophers!” 

Cupt. Noel had a strong presentiment that he would lose bis leg in 
‘that engagement, What was the foundation of this idea I know not. 
‘He was an eminently brave man, and the impression by no means dis~ 
spirited him. My anecdote concerning the as gallant Capt. Andrews 
ik of a moro serious complexion, because its presage pointed direct toa 
mortal issue, ‘The ancedote was communicated to me by Capt. Har- 
vey, of the English Pusileers, who was on board the Defiance in this 
ay or he was u gentleman of unblemished truth, and was not ~ 
o Niele Andrews’ messmate, but his intimate friend. 

the morning of the fatal 20th of May, Capt. Andrews, (whose 
courage wos indisputable, having given signal proofs of it in several 
at his breakfast-table uncommonly thoughtful. His 
friend Harvey took the kind liberty to remark it to him, as something 
‘unseasonable. “ My dear Andrews,” suid he to him, “1 know that you 
‘moot your duty with all your heart ;-but I am vexed to see you in a 
solemi reverie ut this time; it may have a discouraging effect on 
‘those ubout aR “Capt. Harvey,” replied Andrews, “my heart 
Brest ateshnly bit you il pedo fe peeps, ex sommes 
itable melancholy, but you lon it, perhaps, an account of its 
extraordinary cause? T never was a tuperstitous = Inever 
‘wns such a vulgar fool as to despise jon; but last night I was pro- 
Aigiously impressed with « dream, of which I have not now time to tell 
‘you the particulars, and it has assured me, without leaving a doubt on 
‘my part, that I shall meet my death in fo shen id yet 
upon it, Harvey, I will die like a man, I hopo with credit to to 
‘my friends, and to my country.” He took a most affectionate leave of 








TRAITS OF ADMIRAL BYNG. 23 


Harvey when were. ing to theis tations, “ Fi 
nal td sri ki a Hig rh cold lips” 


it) 
He indeed nobly fa 


cannonball, in the first 


we po 
pebyiee 
thee Rin, By ¢ made the best of his retro~ 
Mimppointed mortified ey egg ogee 
eae or Cian ag i wee leaned et Sat 
absurd destitute even of plausibility, Seek 
lp ee» ver civ ed gallant 


what 
T could be 
i epibuat vwhove 


ewe arnt ‘was an intimate nequaintance of Byny 
court-martial was very zealous in his ‘Vice-Adm. 
it of the court-martial, having observed hia ardour for his 
im in a very serious manner, “ whether, if he had been 
ralination 2 on the 20th. ears his conduct would have 
See ‘that of his friend's?" Hervey replied, that © his 
should certainly have been just the same ax Adm. 
at you have ted pie age be Seared ‘the Presi- 
wered the jpereanet- 
Pictorial Ades. Siaith, “T believe that you 


litle slur was then on the fighting reputation of Cupt. Her- 
Fr Of account of some matter that had occurred between and 
}. Milbank, ot Gibraltar ; but this hit of the President of a court- 
‘was both out of place and highly ungenerous, Whatever was 
which pele excited it, Hervey’s subsequent conduct com- 
observation. ‘hen sent out to the West 


order restrained 
y the Prosident 


yonight he 

the enemy.” And 

interrogation was made to another cay Fapeale in the fleet, 

ni ci my recollection.) of what, he oul tee 
the commander of the witha division, 





26 MLOGRAPHIOAL SKETCH OF 
others, were embarked on board the Ville de Paris, The fate 
of that splendid trophy of the immortal Rodney is too well kaown. 
Soantaulleel Fan m met with from his Sovereign was 
moat Hotterin j and on the 20ch of November, 1782, he was nominated 
See ehida Ditiee te-ertons hick caen Lies Ge sank he Colonel ia tha 
army. 
Tn 1783, on the death of Lieut-Gen. Culoraft, the King present 
ed his Lordship hs ne Coleneley of the 65th ; on that ent 
ordered to he emb barked with it, and while in Dublin 
soma eee garrison. 1t was during this time bes Sie Sir 
David Dundas, then Adjutant-General of the Army in Ireland, wished 
to bring ere his system of tactics, Lord Harrington, who 
ed talents peculiarly adapted for military affairs, and than whom no 
officer in-the Hogi was better Apap with the details of the 
service, the evolutions of troops, and the tactics of modern warfare, 
pecored of the Gencral’s system, and immediately, with the 
of the Lord Lieutenant, the Duke of Rutland, tried it 
with the 65th, The prigrem tee that corps made in it, and the evi ident 
velo tt that was to be therefrom in execution, stendiness, cele- 
and order, was 0 fully span pee ted as to cee other corps 
ial its example ; 50 that shi meral in both 
Kingdoms ; and in 1792 it, was Eee to ae insplicily followed by 
t in the service. 
re 1788, Lieut~General Tryon, Colonel of the 29th, died ; the first 
account of ra Lord Harrington received by un express from Sir 
Yonge, Secretary at War, notifying that the King had rape 
el in in Calonel ofthat corp, as he knew it was what ober 


Wwe 

In tees of 1792 a camp was formed on Bagshot Heath. ‘The 
infantry was divided into two brigades, and the first was commanded 
Harrington, with the temporary rank of Brigadier-General. 
tthe sie oneal yes year his Maj ety pune in Babee oe of his re~ 
for his y appointing him Colonel of the iment 

or Life Guards, rae the ie Gal md Stick® ia nt 
the campaigns of the Duke of York ia Flanders, Lord 
wt applied to the King, to be sent jis regiment 
to serve under His Royal Highness; but his Tord ‘appel peaeas 

of Gold Stick rendered this incompatible: but His Majesty, vishi 
be made acquainted with certain i presences on the Continent, is 


convey his own ideas res} tions, sent Lord 
ta pte musi the De at ‘ork, with whom he remained for 


art Toi ‘ia Lordship was Fepmoted to Major-General ; in 1798, to 

Lieutenant-General ; and in 1803, to General. In 1819, he was ap+ 

ted Ci , Governor, and Constable of Windsor Castle. As a 
jeneral-otheer, hia Lordship served on the Staff of Great Britain. 











» Sporilocamaga mene ly Ey Er romp pera head oe 
Repeat printrss nee toca the Cauley elena of es rer 
" : : pe 
Bakiy malate vols sina ne rs Hr mun boa Peer tothe 
roll dere which is, im other words, appointing him to the regiment, 


GENERAL THE EARL OF HARRINGTON, G.C.H: 37 


‘The present sword of the army was first introduced by Lord Har- 
rington, adopted by the Duke of York in the Coldstream Guards, of 
which His Royal Highness was then Colonel, and subsequently, by hia 
Majesty's command, in all regiments. 

is Lordship died at Brighton, on the'l4th of September, 1829, at 
the advanced age of seventy-six. He is succeeded in his title and 
estates by his eldest son, Lord Petersham, a Colonel in the army. His 
Lordship's second son, Col. Lincoln Stanhope, lately commanded the 
17th Lancers, and his third son, Col. Leicester Stanhope, was for some 
time Deputy-Quarter-Master-General to the Forces in the East Indies. 
His son Francis is also a Major in the army. 

His Lordship was buried at Elvaston, the family seat in Derbyshire ; 
and a monument by Canova, originally designed to be erected to the 
memory of an illustrious warrior, having been procured, now serves a8 
an appropriate record of his Lordship's career, which is compressed into 
the following inscription :— 





CHARLES: 
THIRD EARL OF HARRINGTON, 

Lieth here entombed 

With his Forefathers. 
He was born 

17th March, 1753, 
And died 
Mth September, 1829. 


‘Trending in the steps of hls Ancestors, Lord Harrington entered the Army, 
‘And served with distinction during the American War, from which, on his return home, 
‘He was appointed Aid-de-Camp to King George the Third: 
‘And was successively Colonel of the 85th, 05th, and 20th Regiments of Foot, 
‘And of the Ist Regiment of Life Guards, 





1a 1605, Lord Harrington was employed as Ambassador Extraordinary to the Allied Sovereigas. 
He coramanded the London District during the threatened invasion of Napoleon; 
‘And was afterwards Commander of the Forces ia Ireland. 
AL the thme of his deceate, he was one of the Lords of his Majesty’s Privy Counell, 
‘Kaight Grand Cross of the Order of Guelph, Governor of Windsor Castle, 
‘And one of the oldest Generals in the Army. 
He lived beloved and honoured by his Sovereign, bis Peers, his Brother Soldiers, hls Family, 
His Teoantry, and the Poor. 
«Half of all Men's Hearts were his” hallowed be his Memory. 





To a revered Father's Memory, 
‘This Monument is erected 
By Charles Fourth Earl of Harrington, 
Lincoln, Leicester, Fitzroy, Francis, Henry, and Augustus Stanhope, 
Anna Maria, Marchioness of Tavistock, 
Lady Carolina Stanhope, 
And Charlotte Augusta, Duchess of Leinster. 


Le 


ON THK RUSSIAN CONQUESTS IN ASIA. 
YROM A OXMMAN JOURNAL. 


g Te sexta, the importance of the Russian conquests in Asin it is necessary 
should possess accurate information jon mpeg ing extensive region, of 
aaa ve ne 4s ut present correctly kaown ; his aes cannot be 
obtained accounts of European travellers. ‘The ti i@ spent in passing 
‘over those oie Sond is See Tite to enable the traveller to give nn exact 
ical and the despotic charieter of Asiatic Govern- 
ments will often present obstacles to a sufficiently minute iospection of many 
places. ‘The accounts of the native Asiatic authors, when these aré to 
bela, em, thacefe, ruck: more complete and accurate than the scattered no- 
tices edllected by foreigners, who too often only repeat what they bave heard 
Sore eee. Tons touareg which she Biss obtained some time ago from 
the Persians by treaty, and those whieh they have recently conquered from the 
MTs, hava; Soweves been as accurately and. fully described by shesmve Ax 
menians as any other part of the world, and from this source, hitherto unused, 
we purpose to extract the description of the places to which the progress of the 
Russian arms has directed general attention. 
the whole line of operations of the Russian Commander-in-Chief, Paske- 
vith-l ary which extends from the western bank of the lake Van, north- 
west, towards the Black Sea, as far as Trebisond, there is uo place more im- 
portant than Pekar a city is the key to the whole of western Asis of of the 
Haile of which itis the emporium, as well es of that ots grt pr 
rum. is situated in the’ province anciently Ape ‘Siajon 
sphich Hes so hgh dint according to the representation of the Armenian histo- 
(Ghezene, arcana tow. tome comarca he four guasters ofthe 
5 ore ae beginning of the fifth century, the Empe: ike 
joanger, as appears from his own Epistle to the "Armani Catholiey Shag 
Great (Mos. Chor. [V. 57.) ordered & city and fortross to be built eet ae te 
fm eaan of neceesity, alld the inhabitants of that patt of Armenia and the 
Greek army protection against the attacks of the Porsians. The Patrician wen 
tolius, Commtander-in-Cl iief of the province, was commissioned to select a site 
scoording withthe benevolent views of the Eimperor. Avatlius fixed upon the 















which had time immemorial been called by the Armenians Kanty, 

‘he built a & which the Armenians gave the name of Karnu Kakakh, 

that is, the city of ‘but the Greeks called itafer it founder, ‘Theodest” 

lis. Karin is situated in a plain which forms a circuit of several | es in 

‘extent, and which ix deseribed &s) Armenian historians and a as 
extromely beautifl and fertile. From the same authors we gather that 


‘well-watered, and fruitful districts is not fir distant from the place whore the 
sources of the Euphrates arise and moisten the marshy land through which they 
flow. Here fish is found in great abundance, as are also various kinds of 
birds mow gs aloge aight furnish sastenanes fo the inbabunts; de pains 

ckly ares wi high ras, au produce grain of every ‘kind. The 
ira parts are central there is every where See of 





ON THE RUSSIAN CONQUESTS IN ASIA. 29 


In the year 647 the city was pillaged by the Arabs, and more than a centui 
elapsed before the Greeks regained possession oft, underthe Emperor Constant 
Copronymus, in 755. Constantine caused the ramparts to be demolished, and 
Temoved the Mussulman inhabitants, together with their property, to the Grecian 
Provinces. It was not long, however, before it was rebuilt and inhabited by the 
‘Arabs: The Greeks took it more than once by storm in the course of the follow- 
ing centuries (950-1019,) but were not able to maintain themselves long in this 
quarter. It is probable that Arta, or Erzerum, the Arabic name of the city, be- 
came common about this time, the Arabs having called it the Land of the tums 
(that is, of the Greeks,) because it long formed the frontier position between the 
Arabian possessions and the Greek Province of Asia (Natolia). ‘The Armenians, 
however, adhered to the native and ancient appellation of the place, for, in the 
thirteenth century, their historian, Cyriacos, relates that two Armenian noblemen 
were tributaries of the Sultan of the City Karin. By the Sultan of Karin is, 

ably, meant the Sultan of Iconieme, who held the city in the first half of the 
th century. Z 

In the year 1247, the Monguls appeared before the city. The leader of these 
hordes summoned the inhabitants to surrender at discretion. On their refusal 
the city was taken by storm and delivered up to plunder. | Upon ths occasion 
a great number of manuscripts were destroyed by the Monguls. At last they 
set fire to the town, and thousands of Mahometans and Christians perished by 
the conflagration, Some time afer, the city was rebuilt by order of the Mom 
fils, whoy according to their well-known sysiem of tolerance, placed in it a 

ishop, named Sarkis. ‘This bishop completed the building of the town and re- 
assembled its scattered inhabitants,” After the dissolution of the Mongol domi. 
nion the town and fortress came into the possession of the Turks, and there peace 
‘was concluded between the Porte and Persia in 1735. 

‘Arta, or Erzerum, the now prevailing name for the city and fortress of Karin, 
or Theédosiopolis, is builtin a plain of two and a half geographical miles, sur- 
rounded partly with ditches and entrenchments, and partly with hills.” The 
town consists of three divisions,—the fortress, the city, and the suburbs. 

‘The fortress is called by the Moslems //sh Kalah (that is, Fort Itsh). It is 
built upon a high hill and has twelve towers, which are all higher than those at 
Constantinople. ‘The fortress may easily be bombarded and set fire to from one 
of the neighbouring hills, called opdach (Cannon Lill), which Christians name 
the Sacred Sign, because the ruins of an old church are found there. Within 
the fortress there is also a mint, where, by command of the Sultan, money was 
formerly coined. Itsh Kalah has only’ one gate by which it is accessible, and 
the wooden magazines which contain the provisions for the garrison are without 
the gate. 

“The city itsel'is surounded by a tiple wall of stone, The inner wall, next 
to the fortress, is called by the Armenians Nachalarish (signifying first wall), 
the outermost, Krkenelarisb (double wall), and the third, or middle wall, Hi- 
sarbischen. The breadth of these walls amounts to ten feet, and there is room 
enough between them for four waggons to drive abreast. In time of war the in- 
habitants of the surrounding places took shelter within the walls, and for that 
reason part of every house and habitation in the city was kept unoccupied. ‘The 
frst wall is very high, the outermost is lower, but is surrounded by a deep ditch, 
and stands at a good distance from the middle one, the Hisarbischen. 

Each wall has four gates, placed opposite to each other, and from each gate a 
bridge passes to the intrenchment of the next rampart; the number of towers in 
the three walls is seventy-two, ‘The city is inhabited by Turks and Armenians, 
and according to the calculation of Indschidschean, the Armenian historian, it 
reckons 100,000 Mussulman and 30,000 Christian inhabitants.* A great part 








* Indachidschean, in his calculation, uses the word Dux, which literally means fami- 
‘as ; but this must be regarded as an exaggerated mode of expression. 


32 


BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR 


or 
THE LATE CAPT. RICHARD SAINTHILL, R.N, 


‘Tr late Capt. Richard Sainthill was born ut Topsham, in Devon, 
‘on the 23d of July, 1730, ey) and by the failure in the male 
Hine of the elder branch of the Salnthills, of Sainthill, who resided at 

inch, was the representative af that ancient Norman family. 
‘The commencement of the naval career of Capt. Sainthill was in 
1751, when, at the of about twelve years, he entered the merchant 
service under his father's command, and continued with him and after- 
wards with an uncle until 1757. At this time he was appointed « 
anidshiy of the St. Alban’s of 60 guns, commanded by Capt. Webbe, 
with whom he served during the war in his Majesty's ships Hampton. 
Soar uo Antelope, having passed his examination for a Lieutenancy 
in 1761. 

1¢ peace of 1763 appears to have blighted his hopes of immediate 
advancement in the Navy, as he returned to the merchant service. 
Soon after the commencement of the American War, he was captured 
when making a voyage to New York in a provision transport, which 
he then commanded, and taken into Dartmouth, near Boston. On 
his return to England after this picce of ill-fortune, Mr. Sainthill was 
placed in command of the Earl of Sandwich, a letter of marque, of 20 

belonging to the firm of Messrs, Isaac and Benjamin Lester, of 

le. In this vessel he succeeded in capturing a French West Indin- 

man, homeward-bound, after a spirited e1 ment of “ several glasses.” 
‘The Indiaman was valued at and would have amply recom- 
pensed him for his former disappointments; but these anticipations 
vanished, on being himself captured with his prize, seventeen days 
after, by three French ships of the line, and taken into Brest, Mr. 
Sninthill was not detained long as a prisoner in France, and was allow- 
ed to return to England on his parole, in exchange for the Captain of 
the Modeste, a French Indiaman, Mons. Lefer de Chantelon, who was 
then a prisoner of war in England. By his ap) lication to the Earl of 
Sandwich, then first Lord of the Aduiralty, ‘ed by that of his 
employers, Messrs. Lester, this exchange was readily effected. We 
‘in iter from Mons. de Chantelon to Mr. Sainthill relating to 
it, 08 a document of such « nature in this time of peace carries with it 
some degree of novelty. 


(raNstareD rom Tne ontersat.) 


Ashburton, Feb, 5th, 1779. 
Siny—I have received your letter, and am very auxious that the steps you are 
taking, and those Iam miyself about to adopt, imay succeed in causing’ you to 
remain in your own country and in sending me back to inine, I have written 
te Mesars. Peter Thelluwon, in London, to assist you with their good offices 5 L 
Ihave also had the honour to write to Lont Shelburne, and have had my request 
to him seconded by Capt. Cosby serving in the aquadon of Admiral Keppel, 
and who, I am informed, is an intimate acquaintance of the former. I roquest 
JOEL communicate with my Lord Shelbarno, os well as with Mess: Bl 
and oat a 4: who cannot fail to add much weight to our just solicitations. 
have the honour to be, with perfect considdration, 











‘Your sorvant, 
Moxs. Leren px Cuaxrenon. 


THE LATE CAPT. RICHARD SAINTHILL, R.N. 33 


Released from his pargle, and desirous of distinguishing himself in 
the naval service of his country, it became Mr. Sainthill’s first care to 
seek his advancement in that profession for which his experience had. 
so well fitted him. Amongst the various means he employed to obtain 
his wishes, we find in the following letter from his friend Mr. Lester, 
addressed to the Earl of Sandwich, in terms quite characteristic of the 
time, the interest he felt in his welfare. 


Poole, Feb. 27th, 1779. 
‘My Lonp,—I return you my thanks for the liberty you have been pleased to 
ve for Capt. Richard Sainthill, of our ship, the Earl of Sandwich, taken 
the French: from the very precatious situation of the times, Capt. Sainthill 
‘would be happy to serve! on board any of his Majesty's ships of war; be has 
passed examination for a Lieutenant as far back as 1761, and would be a great 
acquisition to any of his Majesty's captains that may be’in want of lieutenants 
of skill, sobriety, and a thorough knowledge of their business : if it should be 
convenient to your Lordship to appoint him to that station, you would add to 

the many obligations already conferred on, 
My Lord, 
Your Lordship’s most obedient and obliged humble servant, 
Bensamrx Lester. 


This recommendation, with one equally favourable from the late 
Capt. Sir A. S: Hammond, were attended to by Lord Sandwich, who 
appointed Mr. Sainthill a Lieutenant of his Majesty’s armed brig the 
Countess of Scarborough, of 20 guns, on the 15th of June, 1779. He 
was some time acting in the command of this vessel, and whilst em- 
ployed in the North Sea, in company with H. M. 8. Serupis, encoun- 
tered the squadron of the celebrated Paul Jones, off Flambor 
Head. The details of this action, given in the dispatch of Captain, 
afterwards Sir Richard Pearson, who commanded the Serapis, make 
but little mention of the conduct of the Countess of Scarborough, in 
which vessel Lieut. Sainthill served, and we are therefore induced to 
give the following letter, containing an account of it, written by him 
when st the Texel to his Father-in-law in Hertfordshire. 

Dear Sir,—I have no doubt of your having heard long before this of our mis- 
fortune in being taken, the particulars of which are as follow. On the 23d ult. 
being then in company with II. M. S. Serapis and the convoy from Flsinewr, 
about four o'clock in the afternoon, several of the merchant ships to windward 
hoisted their colours at the mast-head, and fired guns; and soon after we spoke 
with one of them, who acquainted us that a boat had been aboard of him, and 
informed him that the ships which were then in sight off Flamborough Head, 
were a French squadron, consisting of two ships of 40 guns, one of 36, and 
asnow. The Serapis being then about four miles to leeward, we immediately 
bore away, made the signal to speak with her, and cleared the ship for action. 
About half-past five, our Captain went on board to receive directions from Capt. 
Pearson, and soon returned with orders to keep in a close line of battle astern 
of the Serapis. We then backed our main-top-sail, and laid by for the enemy's 
ships, which were coming down with all their sail set, there being little wind. 
We afterwards found them to be the Bon Homme Richard, of 40 guns, com- 
manded by Paul Jones, who was the Commodore; the Alliance, of 36 guns, an 
American frigate, commanded by a Frenchman; the Pallas, a French frigate, 
under American colours; and a snow, of twelve guns. About half-past seven, 
the Bon Homme Richard began the engagement with the Serapis; at the same 
time the Alliance fired her broadside into us, which we returned, and continued 
engaging her about half an hour, when she got so far astern, that our guns could 

U.S. Journ. No. 13. Jaw. 1830, > 











bod BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF THR 
‘wot 


and in afew minutes came under our stern, and us ber 
We then continoed to engage er neti one Hour and tal, when 


braces, 
fF i 1 x of dis ‘ ind fi 
a ‘being shot away, seven of our amounted, a Keven sey 


and wounded, we sttuck to this ship, which had 
‘Alliance, whieh had ‘allthis tine (now came up and bailed our 
and th sfoed under an cay sal twords tbe Serpiy which bad 
deginning been literally yard-arm swith Jon being 
peg reaeg ingerpies feck of ach Lisot he raat bet, 
od Uath aipn wer veer tine on ir Ln this situation, the hang 





tom to pieces, hal seven fect water in hor hold, and was on fire near the 
sow at cis i ‘of the 


esse rae a ets ed — ae great wae = 
i i wi certainly would, 
Pinel Iie Sphere boy very esha ellowing dey any gee cr the 


mer and all hn men, except few ofthe, wou ; and. we had the sntis- 

to sec the Bon flomme Richard go down, ‘The nomber of killed and 

‘wounded it is impossible to give any accownt of at present, but you must 
ls very copelderable: cy ear 900 foi ues 


‘a ho ia hn Sepia: Ah the Balas or 5 who re al ae 


comunainderd ‘Geraphe, 40 guna, Copt Re 
aot Sree) eat en cata, ss se Die Ply: 
| Vengeance TO mem NE gutite a 
, “Bhi Menge Guns 130, eB NO Ges Om 
saeco in ye ee eo en cet 
ips» was highly hon to the van 
52 the safety. of 4 ‘had boon secured. at an Jnport- 
oe rea an the commanding fier received those rownrda whisk 
mevited. 
‘On lis feturn from the Texel ia 1700, Lieut. Saincill was mpped 
to HM. 8 Duke, Capt. Sir C. pines 


ed one of the shi 

the Channel fleet; and was Peart eva reer oe cialis 
under Admiral Darby. ‘The Duke was aftorwards one of the sbips of 
Sir George Rodney's squadron in the action with the Count de Grasse, 





LATE CAPT. RICHARD SAINTHILL,’ R. 35 


‘tn the West Indies. After the action, it devolved on Lieut. Sainthill 
‘to conduct the French frigate L’Aimable to Jamaica. Here he was 
appointed First-Lieutenant of H. M. 8. Unicorn, Capt. Archer ; and on 

e voyage to England this ship beat off an American privateer of 
manch superior force. 

‘The services of Lieut. Sainthill hed already evinced his zeal and ac- 
tivity, and shortly after being paid off from the Unicorn, he received 
an intment of an arduous and harassing nature. In the com- 
mencement of the war of 1793, he was nominated Agent of Transports 
afloat at Cork, and conducted a body of troops to the Weser and Os- 
tend. The able manner in which he performed this service called 
forth the highest eulogium of Capt. Moriarty, who attended the em- 
barkation of the Scoops at Cork, and who, in a letter to the Navy 
Board, asserts that “his zeal and activity could only be equalled by 
the accuracy of his judgment and the justness of his dispositions.” In 
recommending hii for promotion, lest his so doing might be attributed 
to interested motives, he adds, that previous to his arrival in Cork, he 
knew nothing of Lieut. Suinthill, and could, therefore, have no other 
‘motive in recommending him, than to perform a duty to the service, 
and a justice to merit. A letter of thanks from the Navy Board for 
the promptness of the embarkation was the reply to this, ia which 
Lieut. Sainthill was promised not to be overlooked. 

‘The good opinion entertained at the Navy Board of Lieut. Sainthill’s 
abilities, from the above favourable testimony, and the friendship of 
Sir A. Hammond, soon procured him an appointment in that line of 
service for which he had proved himself so well qualified. In the 
month of September 1793, it was determined to send reinforcements 
of troops to Hood for the relief of Toulon, to which service Lieut. 
Sainthill was immediately appointed. In February 1794, he accord- 
ingly sailed from Cork, in company with ten sil of transports, having 
on board the 12th regiment of , under convoy of his Majesty's 
ships Irresistible, Winchelsea, and Ceres. After experiencing bad 
weather, in which the convoy were dispersed, Lieut. Sainthill's ship, 
in company with three others, arrived off Toulon, but narrowly escaped 
being captured by a Spanish frigate which had chased them. 

Mr. Sainthill was now in a part of the world where the most active 
operations of war were going forward, and in a species of service which 
called for the utmost exertions from one in the very responsible station 
in which he was placed. The duty of Agent of Transports is well 
mown by our readers to be of no easy nature in time of war, and the 
present period was by no means calculated to make it so. Having 
arrived too late to be of service at Toulon, he was directed to proceed to 
Civita Vecchia, and had the good fortune for his services at this place 
to receive the following acknowledgment from Pope Pius the Sixth, 
which was thus communicated to him by Sir John Cox Hippisley. 


Rome, 13th June, 1794. 

Sir,—At the request of his Eminence the Cardinal Secretary of State, I have 

the pleasure to transmit to you a gold medal, which it is his Holiness's desire 

that you will accept as a mark of his particular esteem, and as a remembrance 

of your being his guest at Civita Vecchin, commanding the convoy of his Ma- 
7a 12th Regiment of Light Dragoons. 

JT beg to inclose a copy of his Eminence's letter on occasion of my announe- 
pn? 




















36 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF THE 


ing to him Sir James Erskine’s orders for the recall of the regiment, with his 
thanks for the attention it had received from his Holiness's Government. 
the receipt of your letter, which had been transmitted some days afterwards by 
the Governor of Civita Vecchia, his Holiness expressed equal satisfaction that 
both departments of his Majesty's service should have been alike gratified in 
their accommodation at that place and immediately ordered his miuister to pre~ 
this mark of his esteem, which I have so much pleasure in conveying to its 
Testination- T have the honour to be, Sir, 
Your very obedient and humble servant, 
J. Cox Hirriser. 


‘The medal was struck in commemoration of the Pope’s restoring the harbour 
of Civita Vecchia to its present state, 
T will beg the favour of you, Sir, to make my best respects to my Lord Hood. 
Lieut. Sainthill, late Commanding the Convoy of 
His Majesty’s Transports at Civita Vecchia. 


FROM THE CHAMBERS OF THE VATICAN, MAT 30, 1794. 


The special consideration which the Holy Father has always had, and will 
have, for the illustrious and generous English nation, makes him seize this occa- 
sion of the residence of an English regiment in Civita Vecchia, to give them 
roofs of it: and as he has reazon to applaud the regular conduct of thet 
¢ has determined to convince them of his perfect satisfaction, by the present of 
a gold medal to each officer, including the Hon, Gen, Stuart and Sir James 
Erskine, though absent. 

But as those medals, twelve in number, are not ready, nor can be completed 
before the departure of the regiment from Civita Vecchia, it will be the care of 
the Holy Father to give them as soon as possible to Mr. Hippisley, that he may 
send them to the respective officers, and be at the same time the interpreter of 
the sentiments of affection, and the particular esteem which he preserves, not 
only for the nation at large, but for every individual of it, 

‘The Cardinal Zelade, Secretary of State, in participating these Pontifical dis 
positions to Mr. Hippisfey, Member of the British Parliament, offers himself 
always ready at his command, and assures him of his particular esteem. 


From Civita Vecchia Mr. Sainthill was ordered to Corsica, where 
he was employed under Lord Nelson at the sieges of Calvi and Bustia. 
The following letters, containing directions which he received from 
Lord Nelson, will convey some idea of the active duties attached to his 
station. 











Aug. 5th, 1794. 

Sir,—You will let me know in the course of the day, how many people each 
ship of your division will carry, without inconvenience, for a-very short voyage: 
also, if you have water and provisions for the number of people your ships will 
carry: also let me know what men are on shore belonging to ships of your divi- 
sion, in case Agamemnon should not return before the transparts are wanted. 
I wish to see you with the return, and let me know if there are any transports 
here, except of yours and Lieut. Caine’s division, 

T am, Sir, your very humble servant, 

Lieut. Sainthill, Agent for Transports. Horatio Nexson. 


Camp, Aug. 7th, 1794. 
Sir,—All the transports under your direction to be moved directly to this bay, 
and anchored under our Camp. "I have directed all the transports-men here to 
be sent to your assistance; but you will get your ships as ready to weigh as 
possible before their arrival. T am, Sir, your very humble servant, 
Lieut. Sainthill. Horatio Newson. 





LATE CAPT. RICHARD SAINTHILL, R.N. 37 


And the following hurried acknowledgment of his services on these 

‘occasions is to be appreciated when coming from such a source. 
Agamemnon, Calvi, Aug. 14th, 1794. 

Dear Sir,—Your readiness at all times to expedite the King’s service I shall 
always bear my testimony of, and therefore I have no doubt but you have got 
all the barrel powder from the shore on board the Scarborough, which I hope is 
500 barrels: if she should not be sailed for Fiorenza, pray expedite her as soon 
as possible, and don’t keep her for a few barrels. I shall be off Revelatta Point 
nearly all day to-morrow: let her join me, and I will see her safe into port. 
Should the Agamemnon not be there, she will proceed by herself. I have written 
a line to Capt. M‘Namara about her. 

Tam, dear Sir, very truly yours, 
Horatio Netsow. 

Lieut. Sainthill, Agent for Transports. 

The active services afloat of Lieut. Sninthill may here be said to 
have terminated. In December 1794, he was ordered to return to 
Ireland with a fleet of transports, and when off the mouth of the Shan- 
non, had a narrow escape from being captured by a French fleet, 
through which, according to his log, he actually passed in a thick fog. 
He arrived afterwards safely in this river with all the ships of his fleet. 

‘The next appointment Mr. Sainthill received, was that of Resident 
Agent of Transports at Cork, in 1796 ; but in consequence of a reduc- 
tion which was ordered to be made in this department by Mr. Pitt, he 
was discharged in the course of the following year. On this occasion 
it was the misfortune of Mr. Sainthill to be the junior officer appoint- 
ed, by a few days only ; and on his retirement he received the warmest 

bation of his conduct from Sir A. Hammond, with the assurance 
of his desire to serve him. After this reduction, Lieut. Sainthill was 
unemployed during the remainder of the war until 1814, when he was 
superannuated with the rank of Commander, as an acknowledgment 
for his past services. Had Mr. Sainthill adopted the high road of his 

‘ofession, his zeal and abilities would in all probability have obtained 

jim that preferment which he sought for; but it was his fortune to 
pursue another, in which greater difliculties are encountered and pro- 
motion more distant. In this he persevered, and performed his duty 
with satisfaction to his superiors. 

In 1797, Capt. Sainthill had received the appointment from the 
Irish Government of Agent of Transports for Convicts from Ireland 
to New South Wales. Although a duty comparatively insignificant 
to his former, this was sufficient to employ a mind ever bent on naval 
concerns ; and he retained this appointment until the year 1824, when, 
in consequence of some arrangements, the office was entirely removed 
from Ireland. Being now at the advanced age of 86, he could no 
longer look for employment, and having two sons in the same pro- 
fession which he had followed from his youth, his first wish was for 
their advancement. His own services, in his opinion, had not met 
their due reward, and with the hopes that his son, Mr. G. A. Saint 
hill, then at sea, might benefit by them, he petitioned the Lords of the 
Admiralty, in 1625, for his promotion. His application was unsue 
ful, and Lieut. Sainthill is still serving as First-Lieutenant of H. M.S. 
Isis, Disappointed in realizing the uatural wishes of a parent, and 
incapable OF farther service hineelf, he died at the advanced age of 89. 
after a life devoted to the naval service of his country. 








REMARKS ON THE MILITARY SURVEYING SYSTEMS. 
“AS DETAILED IN PAGES 170, &e. OF NO. 8, OF THE UNITED SERVIER JOUNAL, 
To the Editor of the United Service Journal. 


Sin—As it. tobe the aim of your writings to hold an impartial su; 
ietendaie sad Fepoob all which an Se ous your Journal laid befor the 
public, perbaps it will be permitted to one of those who admire the spirit 
Which actuates your work, to place before the public a few remarks on your re- 
view infpagos!176 aud following, Ow MrttTagy Sueverina. 

Tam, Sir, yours, &e. 

Between the modes of expressing the situation of objects in a coun~ 
try, which is the essential substance of militury drawing, there must 
be #0 much diffurence or degrees of detail and exactitude required, that 
it anponee hardly just to condemn any system which professes to onable 
on in command to arrive at a clearer knowledge of the situation 

the several tracts of county, or of the objects in general around hisn, 
‘than has been usually within his attainment by former ms of 
drawing. It may be usserted by many of your military roaders, that 
ay reales in the field itself, they oan by common reconnoitring at 

time of action obtain sufficient insight into all the localities of 
their position, Without referring back to the examples of the most 
distinguished wurriors in pust times, or looking to the conduct of the 
otlicers of Alexander in his advance to India, or to that of Napoleon, 
whose known predilection for military plans your Journal has snes 
noticed, it must, on a little deliberate consideration, appear sufficiently 
evident how much advantage an officer must receive from any clear 
detail of the localities. 

Personal experience has enabled me only to spoak as to one instance 
of the value set upon such detail, A general ofhcer, who was ever con~ 
sidered as least. likely to ‘any system but that of ala 


Thad been directed to prepare an outline of the country through which 


nothing ; und that though he had the names of the vil whero 
the enemy had his advanced posts, and had seen them in the map of 
Peusiecton sf toh pce tod wilagne Wie vary ciples 
silnation 0} and. villages. any ver 
plun, the general set out perfectly pt apy 1S 
No ill-timed or neediges apprehension ever could be laid to the 
charge of this officer, for never had a bri a leader less subject to 
such accusation of want of confidence in his own and his soldiers’ pow= 
ers, for a few months afterwards he sealed the assurance of such with 
hia blood. A lover of Romance would say, 
$ “ Peace to his gallant spirit! - 
He ded! ay bears ike his should die.” 
If all countries were”perfectly flat, the site of towns villages, woods, 


ON THE MILITARY SURVEYING SYSTEMS. 30 


&c. would be sufficient ; but I would ask the advocate for the system of 
light and shade, or darkness, and which I hope may never lead to 
chaos, whether experience has shown him that military men can un- 
derstand and keep in “keeping of their memory” more feadily the 
data of his key for reading the plan by the exuct proportion of light ta 
the shade in the slopes, than by the seeing printed in the heading of 
a plan elucidated by normals, that for every mark or normal he is to 
read twenty-two feet or thirty-three feet of height. Can it not be 
easily imagined how perplexed a general would be by his staff-oficer 
saying to him, “ No, indeed, general, there is more light here than shade, 
therefore it must be so many degrees of elevation ;” or if the whole plan 
be covered by figures, 230, 460, &c. would it not tend to confuse one 
before whom all should be laid as clear as the daily state of his brigade ; 
while, on the other hand, without requiring of the reader of the plan 
to understand Algebra, it is merely required of him, if he wishes to 
know the height of any one point on the surface or side of a hill above 
the marsh or rivulet at the foot of it, to see how many of the normals 
it takes to arrive from the bottom to such point ; the less shading there 
is to such a plan the better. 

The absurdity of requiring heights of mountains or hills in a posi- 
tion on the ete of a battle is too evident to the most superficial reader 
to require refutation or comment; but because on such an occasion it 
is needless or impracticable, does it necessarily lead to such being at 
all times so? Does a force never occupy country for so long in the im- 
mediate vicinity of a position, as to enable an olficer to take an outline 
with-s few-relative heights? advancing by a road lined with positions, 
and contemplating the possibility of having to retreat by such before 
the enemy, is it then useless to devote the few hours which are not 
required for procuring cover and forage, to laying down an outline 
with a position for artillery? though, should such ground be laid down 
by the judgment of the eye, or light and shade proportion, the gun- 
ners might often find it impracticable to stand without traverses, or 
guard from entilade to their battery. 

The pages of your Journal, which record the struggles of our army 
in the Peninsuls against the several cvi!s which the soldier on service 
is heir to, contain details of marches and countermarches with leisure 
periods especially adverted to; would it in such cascs be wholly useless 
to have drawings of the ground traversed? Where a nine or six- 
pounder is conveyed, surely so small an object as a light theodolite, 
weighing only nine pounds, and a sixty-foot chain, might be carried. 

‘our remarks on the Normal System, page 183, go to prove that it 
is required for such method of demonstrating the ground, to take the 
levels at every twenty-two or thirty-three feet; but on the other hand, 
by considering more attentively what is required, it will be seen that 
the angles are only required to be taken at every change of ground in 
the side or slope of the hill, and if Nature be more attentively con- 
sulted with instruments, her undulations will be found to be reducible 
to outlines, which are very nearly straight, much more so than most 
casual reconnoitrers would suppose. If such undulations neither arrest 
the fire of guns, nor give cover to man, of what import are they, and if 
not of any, why may not the military man omit them? 


” ON THE MILITARY SURVEYING SYSTEMS. 


I should also wish some of your readers to recall any period of using 
paper for shading after long marches, or even exposure to a damp mili- 
tary store, and the remembrance of the striking effect produced by the 
brush and Indian ink will be sufficient to induce them to prefer Alge- 
braic or Normal, or any signs in the world, except innumerable figures, 
to the method of ordinary shading. Etching the slopes with a pen, is 
preferable to shading in such circumstances ; but the figures for heights 
Tequire blank spaces left for them ; as indeed do, if the shade is dark, the 
normals; but a piss is intelligible by the latter system from the barbs 
pointing to the heights without any shading, which the figures would 
not effect so readily. 

‘As to carrying a scale of normals (page 183,) one is easily affixed 
with a scale of miles to the plan ; and if the General can read his miles 
or furlongs, he can also read the angle of the slope, though, as the head- 
ing assures him the value of each normal line is so many feet, he needs 
no reference to scale for the simple heights or relative commands. 
‘Thus the result of operating by this system, is the obtaining a two-fold 
benefit, viz. the heights and angle, which is in opposition to your re- 
mark of a single end by double process. ‘The minuteness need not be 
had recourse to unless a greater exactitude be required. 

The age in which we live, Mr. Editor, allow me to rémark, is any 
thing but the age of bigotry ; and surely it is the part of the man of 
sense and discernment to extract what he shall find serviceable in any 
practice which meets his observation, leaving to the fool to be obsti- 
nately attached to customs, whose chief merit in his eyes is, that they 
were such as have time out of mind existed. 

Your adoption of the system of Lieut. Siborn, who deserves much 
praise for his works on military drawing in general, (though some 
parts are objectionable,) shows that you are not so attached to the cus- 
‘toms of our fathers when found erroneous ; and it will be subject for 
commendation among all who give themselves to the study of the staff 
arrangements of military bodies, when they see that any improvement 
or alteration likely to be made in our systems, has notice and un- 
biassed judgment passed on it in the pages of your Journal. 


The author of the letter on Distinctions for Service, might have no- 

~ ticed the Prussian system of rewarding by medals cast from the can- 

non taken in the campaign. The medals having inscribed on them, 

“Campaign 1803,” &c. and for a battle or siege, the person engaged 
has a cross of metal. 


41 3 


SUGGESTIONS IN NAVAL ECONOMY. 
BY SIR SAMUEL BENTHAM. 


To the Editor of the United Service Journal. 
2, Lower Conuaught Place, 14th Dec. 1829. 


Srm,—In the November Number of your Journal, p. 630, your correspondent 
F. mentions some advantages which would arise from the employment of Go- 
vernment vessels in lieu of hired transports; and in your last Number I observe 
8 representation of the Incompetency of an ofice’s halepay to support a fai. 
Both these subjects had long since occupied my attention ; and during the time 
when the administration of our Navy was in the hands of the Lord itigh Ad- 
miral, I drew up the enclosed paper, which was submitted to his Royal High- 
ness, and, as I understood at the time, communicated to the Navy Board ; I 
likewise furnished a copy of it to one of the members of the Select Committee 
‘on Finance, which was then sitting. ‘The change which shortly afterwards took 
place in the administration of the Admiralty department, and the cessation of 
the labours of the Finance Committee, have no doubt caused this communica 
tion to be overlooked ; but the advantages derivable from the measures there 
proposed, still appear to me to be so important, that I am led to transmit to 
you a copy of my proposals, in the hope that their publication in your widely- 
‘circulated Journal, may call attention to them in such a manner as to induce a 
farther investigation of the subject. 

I cannot, however, but add, that at the present moment, when the state of 
Europe seeins to present every prospect of a long-continued peace, it appears 
every day more and more important to adopt a measure, which, while it will be 
a source of great economy to the public, will be at the same time a means of 
Keeping up the sea habity and proficiency of our naval officers, while to them 
individually it will diminish in a great degree the evils of half-pay, and of little 
or no advancement ; evils which will be the more severely felt, in proportion as 
peace lasts the longer. 





Tam, Sir, your obedient servant, 
S. Bextias. 


To the Secretary of the Admiralty. 
54, Manchester Street, 7th March, 1828. 


‘Sin,—It having lately appeared to me that a great saving might be made in 
the providing for the transport of the personnel and matériel of warfare, amount- 
ing at different times, and under different circumstances, to sums varying from 
fifty thousand pounds to more than a million per annum; I would beg to lay 
before his Royal Highness the Lord Iigh Admiral the following observations 
and particulars relative to this subject, ay also the estimates from which those 
savings appear. 

By the printed papers which I took the liberty three weeks ago of submitting 
to his Royal Highness, other copies of which { at the same time sent to you, 
requesting they might be presented to his Royal Highness's council, it may be 
seen that [ am now laying before the public a view of some imperfections in the 
system of management under which the business of the Naval Department is 
carried on, such as may (I should hope) be useful whenever inquiry may be 
made into the expediency of proceeding with a reforin of the system, such as 
above twenty years ago was intended and commenced by two successive Boards 
of Admiralty, in as far at least as regards his Majesty's dock-yards. 

‘Among the defects in the system which I have been led to notice in my official 
correspondence, as one unperceived source of bad economy in the commercial 
and manufacturing branches of naval business, are the division of business the 





42 SUGGESTIONS IN NAVAL ECONOMY. 


same in its nature, and the portioning it out under the separate direction and 
management of different subordinate boards, having little or no communication 
with each other, and the great imperfection in the accounts kept by these separate 
boards, and in particular inasmuch as these accounts are not suited to bring to the 
notice of the superior authority the comparative expense of producing any given 
effect by one or other of the different means thet sre employed under diferent 
persons, or different boards. It is in collecting instances in support of this ge- 
neral assertion, that the saving abovementioned in the expense of providing 
means of transport, has presented itself as worthy of ennsideration. 

In respect to the means of effecting the purposes in question by the hiring of 
transports on monthly pay ; I have no reason to suppose the existence of an 
extravagance, impropriety, or negligence in the manner in which the hire is 
effected, or to, imagine that the accounts kept of the expenditure for this purpose 
are less accurdte or complete than those kept in any other branch of naval ser- 
vice : but in regard to the fitness of these accounts for exhibiting abstracts of this 
expense, compared with the expense at which.the same effect might be pro- 
diced either by building vewslsexpresly for this purpote, and equipping them 

-entirely on Government account, or by employing now in time of peace already 
existing vessels, I believe I may venturé to say that no such accounts are kept 
as can exhibit any such comparative expenditure. 

Had accounts of this nature existed, it seems probable that many of the 
savings in the transport service which I now take the liberty to submit, would 
already have been made; but as it is, in submitting my ideas to his Royal 
Uighnes, I cannot but regret that the want of recent oficial data on some point, 
prevents me from making more than an approximation to what would he the 
real amount of the savings in question. ‘The data, however, such as I possess, 
indicate those savings to be as follows :— 

Ist. If, instead of hiring transports on monthly pay, vessels were employed in 
lieu, built, equipped, and manned on Government account, the annual saving, 
now in time of peace, would amount to about fifty thousand pounds, and, in 
some times of war, to upwards of a million in a year. See Estimate No. 1. 

‘2nd. If in time of peace, instead of hiring vessels for any transport or packet 
service, vessels of war were, instead of lying in ordinary, to be employed for 
those services of all kinds, the present annual saving would amount to about 
two hundred thousand pounds. See Estimate No. 2. 

In submitting to his Royal Highness a proposal of this nature, it seems in 
cumbent on me to point out some of the collateral advantages which might re- 
sult from the employment of vessels of war in such services in time of peace: I 
therefore take the liberty of adding to the enclosed estimates a short statement 
of these advantages, together with answers to some objections which might be 
likely to preseut themselves in regard to the measures in question. : 

Tam, Sir, your very obedient servant, 
8. Bentuau. 








COLLATERAL ADVANTAGES. 


Amongst the collateral advantages which might be made to result from the 
employment of Government vessels for the services in question, instead of hiring 
transports and packets, the following may seem worthy of consideration. 

1st. Considering that the desiderata in ships to render them the most fit for 
transport service, are nearly similar to those requisite in vessels intended for 
general warfare, if ships built for thé use of his Majesty's service are generally 
more‘efficient than those built for the service of private individuals, better shi 
‘would thus be obtained for the transport service. If, on the contrary, any of 
Gorernment built ships should be found inferior, such inferiority being brought 
to notice, could not fail to tend to improvement, as there can be no doubt but 
‘that Government might build vetels is good in all respects as any private in- 

viduals, 





SUGGESTIONS IN NAVAL RCONOMY. 43. 


nd. The affording greater facility to the arming all transports in such manner 
as may be thought most desirable, whether intended to sail with or without 


convoy. 

‘3rd. The having on board vessels employed in this important service, no 
other personnel than such as are subject to military discipline. 

4th. The affording an opportunity in time of peace for experimental observa 
tiohs on the sailing and other properties of vessels, without the additional ex- 
[pense of sending out vestels to sea fe that purpose only. 

‘Sth. The employing officers of his Majesty's Navy instead of captains and 
mates of merchantmen, thereby keeping in actual service and in constant readi- 
Deas in the eveot of ‘war, (with the advantage to themselves of full pay without 
extra expense to the public) a number of naval officers, who might otherwise be 
passing their time on shore with little advantage to themselves or to the public, 

6th. ‘The keeping in time of peace a considerable number of petty officers and 
seamen under discipline and in habits of actual service at sea, instead of forcing 
them to seek employment elsewhere, or leaving them on board ships in ordinary, 
in the demoralizing and uninstructive service of harbour duty ; advantages 
which would, no doubt, be found productive of material energy and dispatch at 
the forming any armament on the breaking out of war. 

7th, The saving the expense of keeping ships in ordinary, or, at least, as many 
of them as might he thus employed in time of peace ; and the being enabled at the 
same time to apply to use a number of ships and of various articles, of which a 
provision is necessarily kept in store, although liable to decay, thus affording an 
‘opportunity of substituting new ships and stores in their lieu ; and farther, on the 
conclusion of a peace, the being enabled to employ on ths service a quantity of 
perishable stores, which would otherwise be to be sold at a considerable loss, 

8th. The affording advantageous employment to a considerable number of 
shipwrights and other artificers in the building or repair of such vessels, whereby 
that number of the most efficient and deserving workmen might be kept together 
during peace, ready to effect the outfit of a fleet on the breaking out of a war. 

9th. As Government is already provided with docks, slips, basins, workshops, 
and other accommodations, together with the necessary superintending officers, 
the building and repair cf vessels for this as well as for all other purposes 
might, in time of peace, be effected on Government account cheaper than in a 
private establishment, where the Proprietor must be indemnified for the interest, 
of his capital laid out in providing such accommodations. Besides that the 
permanency of Government establishments, and the certainty of Government pay- 
ments, afford the means of acquiring materials and workmanship at a less ex- 
pense than they ean be provided by private individuals. 

10th. Should ships of war be employed during peace as transports, the having 
always afloat in different parts of the world, where troops and stores are sent, a 
number of vessels ready to be cleared and armed on the spot on the shortest 
notice, having on board the most essential part of their crew in a perfect state of 
discipline, which crew might be easily completed to the war complement by in- 
ferior seamen and landsmen, whereby means would often be afforded of forming 
at the least expense a considerable naval force at the spot where perhaps it 
might be the most suddenly wanted. 

‘An objection likely to be made to the employing ships of war as transports, 
is, that vessels built expressly for the conveyance of merchandize might be more 
fit for the purpose, as being more bulky than a ship built for war; but in an- 
swer to this objection, it must be observed, thata vessel of war, when stored for 
foreign service, actually carries a weight of guns, ammunition, stores, men, and 
ballast, perhaps equal in amount to what a merchantman wall can convey ; that 
a vessel of war may, by her lading, be brought as deep in the water asa mer- 
chantman, that capacity is a quality equally desirable in both cases, and that 
the overloading the vessel, so as to make her a bad sailer, and thereby produce 
retardation, a delay might equally in both cases cause a loss of interest on capi- 
tal, such as'to overbalance any saving produced by the increased quantity put 








4 SUGGESTIONS IN NAVAL ECONOMY. 


‘on board, independently of all other disadvantages resulting from the employ- 
tent of bad safing vessels. ‘The superior accommodations usually aforded in 
vessels of war for the great number of men employed in working the guns, &c. 
are equally essential for the due conveyance of troops; more especially ay 
landsmen can less bear the inferiority of such accommodations than seamen ac- 
customed to nautical inclemencies and inconveniencies. 
~ Another objection likely to arise to the employing of Government vessels, 
especially on distant service, is, that Government having no back-carriage, as in 
the case of ships taking troops to thé East Indies, or convicts to Australia, the 
whole expense of the voyage home as well as.out must fall upon the transport, 
service outwards, But to this it may be replied, that there are many stores used 
in the navy of which a great part of the cost consists in their freight from foreign 
parts, such as teak-wood, for example, or other timber for construction, besides 
smaller stores. If these were then purchased on Government account there, or 
agreed to be brought home in Government vessels, this would, no doubt, be 
found to be a very advantageous means of employing such back-carriage : and 
* there seems no reason why the practice of bringing home money and jewels, &c. 
in Government vessels, for the accommodation of merchants, might not be ex- 
tended to other valuable stoves, it aca 
In regard to buying or building ships for transports instead of hiring them in 
time of war, an objection which may naturally preseat itself, s, that there would 
be on the hands of Government, at the return of peace, a great superfluity of 
shipping to be laid up or sold. .‘To this it must be replied, that the actual quan- 
tity of shipping at that time in the country would be the same, whether Go- 
vernment hired transports or employed their own; and that it may be fairly pre- 
sumed that Government would have as good means of selling superfluous trans- 
ports, as the private individuals who would otherwise have to dispose of them, 





Estimate No. 1. 


Estimated annual expense of a vessel of 400 tons, built, equipped, and man- 
ned, by Government, a8 a transport: 
‘A vessel of 400 tons may be built and fitted at £15 per ton,* 
her cost would therefore be £6000. Suppose the average duration 
to be eight years, and allowing one per cent. interest and risk on 
that sum,t the annual cost of the vessel, so provided, would be . 825 0 0 
Taking, as from the Navy Estimate of this year, the wages per 
man, per month, at £2. 9s. Od.; victuals at £1. 12s. Od., and adding 
15s. for wear and tear (as from the Navy Estimate of 1823), the 
monthly expense, per man, amounts to £4.16s/0d. Supposing a 
man for every 20 tons (which, as far as J can learn, is more than 
is generally found necessary in the merchant service) and thirteen 
months in the year, as is usual in the navy, the annual expense 
wouldbe 9.) ee eee 1B 0 


Total expense per annum . £2073 0 0 


Annual cost of a transport, on monthly hire, estimating at the price of the year 
1806 (when the price of vietuals and pay of seamen were less than at present), 
that being the latest period at which I happen to know the price of such hire: 


* Fifteen pounds a ton may seem a very small price for building and fitting a vessel ; 
but during the last war, when both workmanship and materials were at the dearest rate, 
‘private ship-builder offered to build vessels at the rate of £8 10s. a ton, according to the 
model of the Arrow and Dart ; vessels, on many accounts, peculiarly suited to the trans 
port service. (See my Naval Papers, No. 8). The fitting of such vessels would cer- 
tainly not exceed £6 10s. per ton. s 

+ This, besides the 20 per cent. allowed in the next article, under the head of wear 
and tear, 














SUGGESTIONS IN NAVAL ECONOMY. 45 


The hire of a transport of 400 tons, at 19s. a ton, amounts 

to £380 per mouth, Supposing thirteen months in the year be 

reckoned, the annual amount would be £4940, but (as I do 

not know whether the hire be by the lunar or calendar month) 

reckoning it at twelve months only, the annual cost amounts to. 4560 0 0 
Annual cost, as above, of a similar ship, built and manned 





by Government Bet ab Bi Bot ese dln it ee | MOTE 6 
‘Annual saving to Government, on each transport of 400 tons, — 

by building, equipping, and: manning ships themselves 2 2487 0 0 
Annual saving on the number of transports employed in the 

present year, when the estimate for those on monthly pay is 

£100,000° 54,531 9 5 


‘Annual saving on 266,763 tons, the greatest tonnage of 
transports, on monthly pay, employed during the last war £1,408,598 19 0 


Estruate No. 2. 


Estimate of the annual saving which would be effected by the employment of 
vessels of war, now lying in ordinary, for the transport, packet, am other sate 
vices, for which vessels are now hired : 
Annual cost of hired transports, per vessel of 400 tons, as 
per Estimate No.1. Se Sale a 88 
‘Annual expense in seamen, victuals, and wear and tear ofa 
vessel of 400 tons, taken from those now lying in ordinary . 1248 0 0 


4560 0 0 


Saving on each vessel of 400 tons . £3312 0 0 


According to the estimates of the present year, the total amount of the cost of 
hired vessels is as follows : 
‘Transports on monthly pay + + + «£100,000 
For transportation of convicts : + + 78,000 
For conveyance of troops and stores to the Colonies 52,000 
‘Vessels hired on short service + + 22,000 
Hired packets sng) Ota CL - BIO 
Officers’ Agents afloat. =. |. 4,000 





£290,450 0 0 

Total annual saving on this sum of £290,450, by the em- 
ployment of vessels, now lying in ordinary, instead of hiring 
vessels for the service in question . » = s«, £201,749 5 1 

The sums of £6500 paid by Government for carpenter’s work on board trans 
ports and for fitting convict ships, and £10,000 for bedding for troops and vari~ 
ous stores on board are omitted on both sides of this account, as a considerable 
part of these expenses would be equally incurred in the case of employing Go- 
vernment vessels. 

The saving of a portion of the expense incurred on ships lying in ordinary, in 
wages, and harbour victuals, is omitted, as I have no means of estimating What 
part of this expense (amounting, for the present year, to the sum of £157,254) 
‘would be saved, by the employment of the necessary number of these ships in 
the transport and packet service. 





{These transports, on monthly pay, are vessels often built expressly fr the parpone 
and as it were permanently engaged by Government. In the above calculation, I have 
not included the transporis hired for short services. 





6 


PROPOSITION FOR EMPLOYING MEN OF WAR 
AS TRANSPORTS. 


oa eee Portsmouth, in December 1826, when the 
were embarked on oard the nein which 

wert taking out heir gus 1 this purpose, it naturally occurred to me Sat this 
‘wns an operation which could searcoly have been huzardod if she disposition of 
any of the prinepa! markime powers, (France for instance) had hoen at al 
ee an in that case, that the old system of transports must bave been 


Peviaps the inclosed remarks, which were xe wuggeted dy thew considerations, 

may wot be uninteresting to ro professional 
Tt has often been a subject of remark amongst professional men, 
that, complete as our nav aoe it in per other branch of 
service, and thoroughly prov as we are with every other class of 
od which would be required at the commencement of hostilities, yet 
wit by some oversight we have been always unprepared with the 


i reas embarking and transporting to any distant point such 


Uda as at the breaking out of a-war must always be ur- 
required either for offensive or defemsive purposes, without 
a to one of two expedients, both of which are liable to strong 
objections, panels, the'en employing our line-of-battle-ships on this ser= 
vice, or hiring ‘of merchant ships for transports. 

a oe nt the “rat mayb urged the great hazard we Se 
the of an active and enterprising enemy, by disarming and dis- 
Ee a most oan part of our naval oe at the very moment 

effort should be made to increase and ct its efficiency. 

None bot fi professional men cun have an idea of the total subversion of 
order and arrangement we Feapises follows. the em- 

palin ines number of troop et Weed a sean alg ok he ae 
see are driven from the deck wey al occupy to damp and 
births on the main-deck, where they have not sufficient accom= 
featation either for messing or sleepii ing ; the officers wre turned ont of 





pe EA a vee being obliged either to sleep in 

= ha oy ene re it sera, to Re on the 
‘usual ae ter ; and i is long and storm, 

or the weutl Ae old and wet, much sickness wi rf 34 the inevitable ug 





foe gel ‘both amongst the seamen and soldiers, much relaxation of 
and discipline will follow, and some months may very probably 
lapse before the farmer efficiency of the ship is thoroughly restored. 
‘he Foie mode, that of com ing troops in hired merchant ships, 
is equally objectionable ; the publicity, which is unavoidable when the 
ships aré contracted for, defeats all hope of secrecy as to the force or 
destination of the expedition; and the innumerable evils which have re 
sulted from the ignorance and misconduct of the masters, the bad sail- 
ing and fay E equipment of the ships, added fo elt total want of 
force to even u cominon privateer, all combine to render this the 
‘moat unsafe manner Lt Grete which can be devised, 
A maritime nation should alway tp pemmel with the means of em~ 
Darking a considerable force rapidly and secretly ; and this ean only be 


ON EMPLOYING MEN-OF-WAR AS TRANSPORTS. 47 


done “by previous system and arrangement, and by providing such a 
number of ships of war, adapted to this particular purpose, as may en- 
sure its accomplishment with the least possible delay. I believe that 
the experience of the last war fully proved, that either the smaller 
class of ships of the line or frigates, fitted as troop ships, were the most 
economical, as well as the most efficient classes of vessels that could be 
employed for this service. They will carry with ease from four to 
six huadred men to the greatest distance for which they can be re- 
quired, and of course more for shorter voyages. They are respectively 
navigated by an establishment of officers and men, little exceeding in 
number that of a frigate, or a sloop of war. ‘They are fast sailers, very 
sufficiently armed, and their appearance is so warlike, as to deter an 
enemy not very superior in force from approaching them. Contrast 
the situation of a battalion embarked on board a ship of this class, with 
that of another crowded into four or five miserable transports, creeping 
slowly along, and (if they have the misfortune to lose their convoy) & 
prey to the first enemy's cruiser they fall in with. 

have been led by a strong feeling of the importance of the subject 
to dwell longer than I had Tntended with these prelimi observas 
tions, and I will now briefly state the p: ition which I take the 
liberty of submitting for consideration. It is, that a certain propar- 
tion of troop-ships should in future be considered as an indispensable 
part of the establishment of his Majesty’s Navy ; that the whole of 
these should he perfectly complete, as ‘hr as respects their internal 
fitting and readiness for service, and that such a proportion of them as 
would carry five or six thousand men, (about twelve or fourteen) 
should be kept in commission, with s commander and a small establish« 
ment of officers on board, so that in the event of any sudden emergency 
requiring secrecy and dispatch, troops might be silently moved to the 
coast, and euibarkert ie shortest notice on board ships, in all re~ 
spects perfectly prepared for their accommodation, and ready to 
ceed instantly and without convoy to their destination. From fifteen 
hundred to two thousand seamen are all that would be required to 
complete these ships, supposing them to be totally unmanned when 
the order was given, while our regular naval force need be in no way 
interfered with or disorganized, but might proceed in its equipment 
with all ible celerity. 

I would:only beg leave to add one further suggestion. During the 
late struggle, ships of war fitted fur the purpose were very frequently 
employed for the conveyance of infuntry, but cavalry and artillery cons 
tinued to be transported, as formerly, in hired merchant ships, and the 
delays and misfortunes were frequent, and highly injurious to our ope- 
rations. There can be no difficulty whatever in fitting a proper num- 
ber of our smaller and half-worn out frigates for these purposes, and 
then any expedition which sails will be a complete army fully 
equipped for immediate service, and divested of every incumbrance 
which might impede or retard it. Those officers who remember the 
delays and disasters of Admiral Christian’s ill-fated expedition, will, I 
am sure, agree with me in asserting that the misfortunes which befel 
it, would not have occurred to an army embarked on board ships of the 
description I propose ; and Teonfidently appeal to those who were pre~ 











4% ON EMPLOYING MEN-OF-WAR AS TRaNSFORTS, 


é Re aa a the areyane troops, whieh accompanied 


If at some faturb period we commence hostilitios without any pre- 
‘vious preparation of this sort, it is easy to foresee the confusion, disap 

i and enormous increase of expense which would immediate. 
state of all our establishments leaves our 
lowest possible scale, and immediate reinforces 
would become tatter of the most urgent ne- 
for transports, of every description, must then be 
on 


iH 
I 


i 
i 


‘80 engaged: at such 2 moment, every advantage 
id be by those interested, of the necessities of Government, 
i and inefficiency of many of the vessels would 
when it was too late to remedy them. ‘Two other 
resent themselves ‘mediately to the 

considers this subject. 
first is the competition for seamen, which would inevitably be 


Henn 
ae 
Hdl 
ih 


to 

‘second, that a very great proportion of the vessels hired would 
Da fisted out in he ‘Thames, orin Ue astern perts to which they be~ 
Jonged, and thut in addition to the delays inseparuble from their pre- 
paration for this new service, they mast ba conveyed separately round 
to the Western from which the embarkation of troops would in 
all probability take place. It would defy all calculation to predict when 
‘a large number of merchant vessels, under those circumstances, could be 
assembled at Siete or Cork, during the winter lialf- 
year; while wit! no delay whatever need take 
i separatel Gnd secretly if it was wished) 
to the appointed destination, and it is, perhaps, not too much to say 
that the ships conveying reinforcements, in this manner, to the Weat 
Indices, Mediterranean, or North America, might have the 





service they were dispatched on and returned to England,*before an 
anwieldy convoy of hired transports, fitted out under the circumstances 
T have doserihed, would have the Channel, 


‘To bring this system into operation, it will be only necessary, in- 
Read ge tak eapialy iceacoeg ge cx malacg-sbipe WhNGh tromage have 
become unequal to the weight of their heavy masts and guns, to give 
them such a repair ax may render them equal to this lighter species of 
service ; and, completing all their internal Siting, preserve them in 
equal readiness with the rest of our navy for immediate use; employing 
such as it may be deemed advisable to in commission oa those 
various services for which a very considerable expense in the hire of 
transports is now continually incurred. * 


49 


‘A POPULAR VIEW OF FORTIFICATION AND GUNNERY. 
E NO. 1. 
+* Taner subjects generally wear a forbidding aspect to that portion of 
our militery readers who feel ‘unqualified te pitied upon them from 
want of mathematical acquirements ; but it is not too much to assert 
that clear, general, and practical views of these sciences may be ob- 
tained without involving the student in mathematical intricacies. That 
mathematical knowledge is useful, and indeed nggessary, to form an ac- 
complished engineer or artillerist, is fully admitted ; hence mathematics 
is the leading study at the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich for 
the education.of the youth intended for our noble corps of engineers and 
artillery ; indeed, it is the leading study at our other military colleges 
and seminaries, as Sandhurst and Addiscombe. But it is allowed by 
all who are acquainted with fortification and gunnery, that every thing 
necessary to render an officer of any other arm efficient and’ useful 
upon service, can be readily and easily acquired without mathematical 
knowledge ; and it is very desirable that every officer, whether of 
the navy, marines, infantry, or cavalry, should possess such general 
information on these subjects, as will give him confidence and intelli- 
gence when acting either offensively or defensively amongst military 
works. Many painful instances of failure and evil consequences aris- 
ing from a want of a general knowledge of the nature and use of the 
works of fortification might be cited from military history. One of 
the most recent instances is recorded in Vol. 2, page 820, of Col. Joxes’ 
Sieges, where we find that a body of 600 British troops laid down 
their arms at the surprise of Bergen-up-Zoom, in 1814, because there 
was no officer with the party “sufficiently acquainted with the details 
of fortification to point out the sure retreat which the covered-way pr 
sented to their view.” Probably many of our veteran officers, in read- 
ing these remarks, ean verify them, by recalling to their mind morti- 
fying circumstances that they have wi d during their service, 
arising from the same causes. Our young officers should draw a pro- 
fitable lesson from past misfortunes, and prepare themselves for every 
exigency of service, by turning their attention to the consideration of 
the works of the fortresses in which they may be stationed ; and a very 
small portion of attention and inguiry will suffice to acquaint 
ance with these subjects that cannot fail to yield a profitable return, 
Tow many opportunities have we not of acquiring an interesting, 
knowledge of fortification while shut up in our splendid works at 
Malta or Gibraltar, in our colonies in America, in the East and West 
Indies, and in our home garrisons of Portsmouth, Dover, 
and Plymouth. Yet, are there not many who utter! 
opportunities, and who pass their garrison service in manssade ennui, 
which might be so easily enlivened by an inquiring desire to become 
acquainted with the constructi.n and practical application of the mu- 
merous works around them, and of the various engines in the Arsenals 
and Artillery-parks. Far from being irksome, an inqniry of this kind 
beshties daily pore aul ahiee’ fying ; and we venture to pronounce 
that a happy result must follow, not only to every individual so et 
pl z himself, but to the service at large; and if our endeavours to 
simplify these subjects should be the means of leading even a dozen 
U.S. Jovan, No. 13. Jan. 1830. £ 





































































© A POPULAR VIEW OF 


50 
idle, billiard-playing subs to walk round their ramparts and ditches, 
mae visit their arsenals with inquiring minds, we shall be am) 
pits and, if we mistake not, our friends will not rest satisfi 
‘what we intend to gr them, but will be so hted with 
‘these inquiries, as to be Jed to consult moro enlarged and scientific 
treatises. It is indeed to be regretted that we are dependent on 
French works for complete treatives on fortification, especially when 
we have s0 many eminently gulifed nd practical engineer officers, 30 
capable of improving on the French works. (of St. Paul aud Bousmard) 
most in use. An elementary treatise on fortification has heen publish- 
‘ed in English by one of our most talented engineer field officers, who 
is in charge of the department for ficld-instruction at Chatham ; and 
than whom none is more capable of arranging what is already known 
with practical remarks. His elementary treatise most fully answers 
‘the purpose intended, and contains some valuable chapters on the con- 
struction of the revétement walls that support the sides of ditches ; 
‘but still wo want, as a manual in our language, some vigorous and com- 
plete treatise on the construction of military works, and on the attack 
and defence of fortified places. 
We take this opportunity of eae a work already referred to, 
“ Journals of Sieges corried on by the Army under the Duke of Wel- 
ibe in Spain, between the years 1811 and 1814, with Notes,” by 
Cole John 'T. Jones, (Corps of Engineers,) Aid to the 
King. To this interesting and highly instructive work we shall often 
ave occasion to refer in these papers; benefit must be a from 
realing ths record, but without some previons knowledge of the con 
struction of the defensive musses surrounding a place, as well at of the 
mode of attack, even these volumes must lose much of their zest ; ul- 
though the elegant and correct mind vf Col, Jones has simy 
smoothed the way as much as je in his udmiruble “ Preliminary 
‘Observations on the Attack of Fortresses.” Here we cannot refrain 
from extracting a passage from his introduction, which places in the 
strong light of hi ‘vast importance of the subject under consi- 
deration. He says— 
* Success or failure at a frequently decides the fate of a campaign, 
sometimes of an army, and as ges thea eon tas otk ss, hs laa 
Pavia in 1625, Motz in 1552, Acre 1799, Prague 1761, usd) Bongos ia 
1812, arv examples of eich of the above. In the first, France lost her monarch, 
the flowor of her nobility, and her Tuulian conquests, By the second, she wax 
saved from destruction, and 40,000 of her enemies perished. ‘The third stopped 
her most successful general in his carser. By the fourth, the greatest warrior of 
hhis age was brought to the brink of destruetion; and by the last, a beaten enemy 
gained time to regruit his forces, concentrate his 5 armies, and regain the as= 
dency. Inuumerable instances of disastrous consequences attending the failure 
of sieges might beadduced, but the above are sufficient to make every one sen~ 
sible of the nnportance of the undertaking, and feel that the dearest interests of 
‘country are frequently staked on the sute and speedy reduction of a fortress.” 
We may also gather, from what has been going on since the of 
TIb; the sentlcents sphich are ensextalned en the utilisy of fortresses 
by the best military leaders who were engaged in the late arduous 
‘contests, when we find that a sum of about seven millions sterling has 
been expended since the peace on the line of fortresses on the French 
side of the Netherlands. 











FORTIFICATION AND GUNNERY. 5 


We do not pretend to offer these contail thing it 
Teeysvons plan io.t> pre sn ae oe ot ne go a 
a ig to t i 
= ar 
wilitary and naval officers who (having hitherto neglected 
important subjects, or have wanted opportunities of rn id 


i r rr 


mn; to give a general view 
ive masses of 


sion of trenches, fivld-batteries, and ficld-works ; and as this 
is as useful to naval as it is to military officers, we 
on tho materials used in the construction of batteries, 
i, yabions, &c. as well ns the art of “ Say 
trenches: under a musketry, re.) 
the attack of 4 regularly fortified place ; and having explained 
draw some inferences from it, on the best manner 


it 


Kills, to render 


Hlities of heavy and light artil- 
various Kinds of shot and shell in use, and 

ing matter connected with Gunnery of shore and at sea, 
‘could have been better calculated for defence than the high 
‘ing battlements of ancient fortifications, when bows 


and arrows were the weapons used; and when, to batter down the 
walls, the cumbersome, unwieldy contrivance of a huge pie of timber 


1), swung as in the annexed figure, had to ve brought 


close to the wall to effect its purpose. 





2 A POPULAR VIRW oF 


As by the invention of gunpowder and the science of artillery our 
Asapene gunn can De) vued to attar awa ‘masonry ‘xt 000, 800, or 
1000 yards" distance, a fortificution constructed on the old plan, as 


therefore becomes necessnry to hide ‘all the walls of a modem fortifi- 
cation from the distant view of an enemy, and to present nothing to 
his observation but masses of earth, so thick that his shot cannot pene= 
trate t] jh them or batter them down; at the same time to ensure 
a height of wall sufficient to render a surprise or esealade difficult ; 
and likewise that the defenders shall have every facility to bring a de- 
structive fire of cannon und musketry upon ou ay tool 

yas the range of these weapons. “These conditions are fully secured 
in the present aj s of fortifying a place, and we now 

eed Soaks eh a coed etal ce 


parts are say at a steep by revétements, or walla of ma- 
fay, aed oe : 
of masonry (counterforts) to strengthen them, The side of the ditch 


the eneral level ofthe country (which we ere auppose to be perfectly 
level), ‘This road has on its exterior side « parapet, ubout eight feet 


way. 





VORTIPICATION AND GUNNERY. 53 


a toiliome and process, ea 
iM : alt of the glia, vt he mast do by 
battering guns to this place, ere he can a 
eager ng by ‘Open a passage 
‘as it is more commonly called the scarp) is here re- 
foet high, which is a height difficult to escalade ; this 
by thedepth of the ditch below the level of the 
the height of the opposite glacis above the same level. 
fe pet, both in the rampart and covered-way, a step of 
ct ix made high enough to enuble the, defenders pred seth ms 
to t ease ; this step, or Lanquette, is broad 
" and half feet) to cont aaa of aie if neces- 
it is usually manned by only one rank. It must be no- 
d superior slope of the parapet of the rampart, when bro 
meets the top of the opposite counterscarp, so that the defenders 
‘ir muskets levelled over the parapet cannot see or defend 
hefore them: a fortress that has its ditches une 


‘the foot of the interior slope of the pa 
y , of strong planking, kept so that the 
ass on the summit of the glicis hides their tops from an enemy's 
Fig. 2, shows the names of the different slopes of the rampart and 
will ane 
on the 


the guns to fire 
we veck as only to admit the muzzle of a 
adually open out towurds the moud/i, that 
right and left; besides that, the flash of 
ly discharged would destroy the sides or 
it were made too narrow: the object of 
‘us possible at the neck is, that the gunners serving 
‘much covered as this service will admit of; as the 
fits muzzle drawn buck, after each discharge, to enu~ 
Toad it again, the narrower the neck is, the better 





4 A POPULAR VIEW OF 


‘the men will be covered ; when Jonded, the gun is run out as far as 
oot She renal Cupane aay 
n-carriage rest upon a plal usual tim| 

oibarwike ie weight of the michine snd ite working would tear up 

the ground, and soon render it unfit for use, ‘The annexed figure 
shows a plan, section, and elevations of embrasures. 
» 
















































Wig W Gecadan mide arrose an Benbow 
‘Gao Patan faseas atthe Payot 
‘The platform has a little rise in the rear to check the recoil of the 
jiece when discharged, and to aid ite being run ont again before it is 
red ; at the head of the plattorm there is a piece of projecting timber, 
called the pees to resent De Wes ‘of the ao 
against the interior slope ec » Which wo 
ee in embrasure ure, however, cridently confined in their range ; 
to extend which, the gun-cart are (in certain cases) raised upon a 
mound of earth made in rear of the parapet, high enough to allow the 
muszles of the to be rum over its crest, Guns thus worked are 
called barbeite batterics, and they are very effective so long as the 
enemy can be kept at a distance, but if he lodge himself within mus- 
ketry range of guns en barbeite, the gunners serving them are so much 
exposed to the enemy's riflemen, that great loss must follow unless 
are sunk down into embrasures, 

‘here is # platform in common use in gurrisons, formerly made of 
wood, but now more generally of cast-iron, called a /raversing plat- 
form ; of large dimensions, capable of receiving upon the upper sur- 
face o€ ita ade-pisces tha truce or small whieelé of'a gurricon yun-ear- 
riage, which is thus raised upon the traversing rm, to allow the 

is to be run out over the parapet as en barbelte, From what has 

said, it may be readily loferred that the ferreplein of a rampart 









of time may not wear. 
sale juette have been alread 


base 
by the weather, but 
tes wishbee pads ing it down. All 
‘increase the thickness of the rampart to about 
‘the interior 


proceed farther, it bees 
ie eg ey onee roe 
erly e1 a 
1.) to Sank we deeos eo ditch and 
each other. towers had usually a projection or 
It tory all contdlypith vertiéal loop-holes cut ia the Aooring of 
the wees ee 


tha eins mc oo ee 
soe OF MH in old towers, 
i ue corbels, between which the vertical loop 
But when it became necessary to thicken the ramparts 
‘and parapets as has just been shown, and to substitute earth for ma- 
the defenders were thus from the edge of the revétes 
a distance of abont twenty feet, which involved un entire 
in the outline or tracing of the works, to ensure the dit 
cing properly flanked and defended; to effect this, the ramparts, pa- 
sts, and ditches have been arranged around the place os shown in 





60 PRELIMINARY NAVAL EDUCATION, 


knowledge of French® for be Every his succoss, his safety, and in 
some cases on record, even for hislife. Without having read Virgil and 
theancients, uo man, it is held, canattain to the Rae of literature, can 
write elegantly or express himself eloquently ; but our young seaman 
may cull all the substantial good of the clussies from translations; and 
a wise man bos said that “the beauties of eloquence and rhetoric 
oftener serve ill turns than good ones.” Moreover, what shall we say 
of the morality of the ancients? jorance of the Divine Revelation 
with which we ure blessed, is pleaded in extenuation ; but whilst we 
pity their intellectual darkness, we may be allowed to shun the conta- 
mination of their productions. We are far from intending to insinuate 
that the dead /angnages are not requisitoto him who aspires to literary or 
political eminence, or whose whole life is devoted to study ; but to hi 
who reads only for instraction, and whose whole purpose is not to deck 
himself with the honours of literature, but to be qualified fur profes 
sional usefulness, the modern Languages are suficient to fill up all the 
vacancies of his time, and gratify most of his wishoe for information. 
Finally, we will state without fear of contradiction, and will revert to 
the experience of the last war for the truth of our assertion, that, had 
the time which our officers at school spent on Greck and Latin, been 
bestowed upon the English Grammar, we should not have had at that 
eventful period, and even now, so frequently to blush at the blunders 
and inaccuracies of our naval itches.* 

We have been led into tl ligression not with a view of depre- 
cinting classical attainments, for which we entertain the greatest re- 
spect ; nor, of discouraging the higher branches of the profession, ut 

ir leisure, from luxuriating in a taste for classic lore—far from it + 
but in the hopes of correcting an error in preparatory education, the 
baleful effects of which are daily cbservable on board men-vf-war. Bo- 

bg sudenly, ina great measure, their own masters, boys are too 
Bs when they go to seu, to throw away in disgust studies which have 
offended them by their unprofitableness, and never to loolc into a book 
again till the period of their examination is at hand. 

Lastly, we sball advert to the Naval College, an institution which 

rofeases to combine all the benefits of a public school, with more pro- 
ible objects of attainment. It has, moreover, these peculiar advan- 
tages: thut by this means boys’ talents and dispositions become known 
to the heads of the profession at. their earliest stage; that they form 
those connexions and make those acquaintances, which, of all others, 
are the most likely to prove useful an veable to them in after-life ; 
that Government undertakes to employ them until they ure cligible to 
be made lieutenants; and that this establishment being at Portsmouth, 
they have an opportunity of justly estimating the nature of the service 


















* Wolfe effected his landing at Quebec by havir vicar in his bout whe 
French we could nduee "uty ater tee ore He eae ae 
Y Tisan now! cl, that every one ls more 54 lily inatrneted bis own 
rig anys, et cae ii ner 
rexouvar is actus taught witl be 
‘Thi ix marking time indeed in the mareh af intellect. ae 


PRELIMINARY NAVAL EDUCATION. 61 


which they are about to enter, and of giving it up if it falls short of 
their expectations. If, however, collegian, which ts not often the case, 
does this, he forfeits two hundred pounds; but, after having pursued 
the course of instruction which we shall detail, it must be allowed that, 
in me wera while; be wil not bere misspent his time. 

The pl study is admirably arranged. Mathematics, Astronom 
the practice and principles of ‘Gann ; Drawing, Fortification, Mc, 
dern languages, and a smattering of Latin, are all given their due 

ponderance ‘in the scale of actual utility, and administered ins 

pleasing and enticing to the youth.* Whilst they are treated in 
some degree as officers, the salutary rod is not entirely banished. 
Their morals (an improvement within a few years) are strictly at- 
tended to, and separate apartments are allowed to the pupils. 

Periodical examinations give opportunities for talent to rise, and 
medals and prospective promotion are awarded to excellence. Am 
industrious boy may complete his plan and gain his midshipman's ap 


ppointment in twelve months, whist the idle ae, by the regulations, 








at the end of two years, Thus emulation is excited and 
merit rewarded, and the pri ion is entered with an established 
character. 

Having thus summed up the merits of the different systems of pre 
liminary Naval education, our observations, we beg to observe, are 
merely general. There are individual cases to which they do not a] 

ly. A boy, for instance, of a decidedly studious turn of mind 

be haps better situated at a public school than elsewhere. Navi- 
gation would be ensily acquired by him when at sea, and in the mean 
while he would enjoy all the advantages of a more numerous and 
select society. 

‘On the whole, and upon the fullest consideration of the subject, we 
give the palm to the Naval College, and we shull conclude this ur 
by quoting the words of Lord Collingwood, who, although a dissat 
man, was a good officer and a good scholar. It will be recollected that 
the establishment in Portsmouth dock-yard, in those days, had not ate 
tained to its present perfection, and was little known or regarded. He 
says, in speaking of a youth about whom be was interested, * Boys 
make little progress in a ship, without being well practised in naviga- 
tion: if his father intended him for the sea, he should have been sent 
to a Mathematical school.” 














© In enumerating the acquirements at the Naval College, we have omitted to mention 
dancing. Surely, if the rising Nelsons as “caper nimbly "in a minuct, oF to 
double-shuffte in a pas de basq the lascivious pleasing of a kit,” they ought to in- 
dulge their harmless ambition in private and at their own expense, ‘The and the 
Profession ought not to be insulted by the yearly expos in the Navy Ealimates, of « 
salaried naval dancing-master. We shall next hear of a music-masier, to encourage 
that cockpit’s curse, the incipient flute-player. 












62 


LAW BY WHICH TOR RECRUITING OF THR PRENCH 
ARMY 18 NOW REGULATED, 
TEANSTATED POM THE PRENEN. 


: : Paris, 10th March, 1819, 
Louis, by the Grace of God, &e. 

We have Tevpoeedy ‘the Chambers have adopted, we have ordered, 

wad do order as follows:— 
SECTION 1, 
OY VOLUNTATY ENROLMENT. 

Anrici.n 1-—It is intended the army should be recruited by volun- 
tary enlistment, but if  suiticient number of recruits do not offer 
themselves, the defiieney must by supplied bya conscription, conduct 

‘ed according to the rules prescribed in Section 11. 
- Awr, 11—Every Frenchman shall be entitled to enrol himself, 
provided he is cighteon years of age, that he has not lost his civil 
Se eee Fa renee Be tes the ee in which he 
wishes to enlist, Vagabonds, or men of notorious): oe are 

‘not to be ullowed to enlist as recruits for the Fret 

se itsatierecta ee Loe of a aera ant be: six 
years in the weione, an ee ae ther 
classes of No bounty is to be lance te coor ae 

Ant. 1v—! ‘its must contract their coRsisorens eae © ta 

-according to the firms prescribed in Articles thirty-four and 
ty-four of the civil code. The conditions relative to the period 
which a recruit engages ure to be recorded in the Sse sion 

ea other conditions are to be read to Sas paid mere 
the prescribed signatares are affixed. Unless it be 
alwenamed dient iat these foam tee been complied thy 
‘the engagement is null. 
SECTION I. 
OY TUN LEVY OF FKOOPS BY CONSCRIPTION. 


Aur, v;— he full eomplement of the pesce establishment of the 


army, inclading , non-commissioned officers, and soldiers, is 
‘at 240,000 mon. 


a ae Ete drawn mae eR petiol 
men, pie we army is never to be larger in the pence 
Seivhts « tanger exalitcsment i required: A 

en a larger estal ment ired, the contingency will be 
provided fer we ras Sys Bae are 

Ant. vi—The annoul number of conscripts to be raised, is to be 
upportioned among the departments, arrondissements, und cantons, in 

ion to the population, as taken by the last census. 

t return of the numerical proportion or assessment Gist abd 
be called out in each department, is to be communicated to the CI 
eH it is also to be made seller by ee tables up in pAiceer of 
public resort, together with an abstract of the number of men who bad 
Enlisted during the prevsding year. 


= 


LAW POR RECRUITING THE FRENCH ARMY. 63 


Aur. yri.—The conti sprit eae ‘to each canton will be furs 
ished by lot from the youths who have a logitimate residence in the 
coeliac aid ara the age of twenty during the pre- 


Seats “Por dest peaton of this law, the youths, who completed their 
‘twentieth year dui riemere years 1816 and 1817, ore to be included in 
the levy fir 1816, bot the contingent for each of these years ix not to 
exceed 40,000, as prescribed in Article v. 
“All ‘comprehended in the above two classes who have con- 
tharriage ana dad the promulgation of this law ate to be 
erors from 


weevils ='T he tellowinirclansty' of poisons chall bei considered to 
have a legal residence in a canton. 

1. Young men who e received a dispensation, and thoes who are 
residing al ‘expatriated or detained as prisoners, provided their 
father, mother, or tutor, has their. residence in ane of the communes of 
the suid canton, or if they be the sous of un expatrinted father, who 
hud-his last residence in said canton. 

2. Persons that are married, whose father or mother, should the 
father be dead, rosides in the canton, provided they do not prove that 

have a fixed cee oe canton, Scan noe 
Married ‘persons who rer ik a canton, ie or 
amother be domiciled elsewhere. ~ 

“gt Young persons born and residing In a canton, who have neither 

& ‘Ally at paid although the be ii 

persons that resi eee eee tl they mny not in- 
Retidiitaay of. dio above. clases,,provided ‘they. fol :to- prove thet 
thelr names have been inseribed in another conton. 

“Amr. 1x.—Persons who fail to produce an extract from the parish 

specifying the time they were born, will have their age esti~ 
to public notoriety. 
Peer —Giould is be discovered that a young man hos escaped-en= 
pthc in th the conscription list, he is to be included in tle list for the 


Arr. rb conte iption See ee 
“Mayors, aud made public in eack commune or parieh, 
— Se wixty-tbree and sixty-four of the civ; oo 
“notice shall be given, which will announce the place an 
time Sehen the conseription list tall’be examined acd the drawing b = 
oF ‘the canton is to commence. 
‘@ canton oeopraisds voveral comme the ox- 
‘of the lists and the drawing of the contingent ure to take 
Sor el capital of the canton, duties are to be publidy: 
aaa the pee of the Sub-prefect and Mayors of the 
J 4 of one commune, or of a portion of a 
, ahs Sub-prefost will be assisted oy the Mare and his 


or the Peis al 
and the Mayor shall 
the cons 





= 


64 LAW FOR RRORUITING THN RRENCH ARMY. 


Immediately after the lists have been thoroughly sifted. and. deemed 
‘correct, the conscripts are to be called one, by one, necording as 
stand upon the roll, and each is to draw a number from an urn, whi 
isto be publicly announced and registered. When.u, conscript,is ab- 
sent, his relations or the Mayor of the commune may draw for him. 

As the drawing proceeds, the names of the young men are to be 
arranged uccording to the priority of the numbers they have drawn. 
When a young man that hag drawn a number within the amount of 
the contingent claims a sipemetass his reasons are to be recorded. 
“In regurd to all such cases, the Sub-prefect is directed.to add his own 
opinion respecting the validity of the claims. 

‘The roll of the names af the persons who have drawn numbers ix to 
be publicly read in the same manner as the verified list of the con- 
scripts, and to the said roll is to be annexed an abstract of the pro- 


ccedings. 

‘This list is to be published and posted up in each commune of the 
eunton.. j ' , 

Aw, x11t.—The whole proceedings are to be revised in open court 
by a council composed of tho Prefect, who js to bo the President, a 
counsellor of the Prefecture, a member of the general council of the 
Department. a member of the council of the Arrondissement, ond a 

ine officer specially appointed hy the King, The council will 
its sittings in the chief towns of an‘arrondissoment ar canton. 

‘Tlie: men that hove drawn numbers which indicate that 
are to to the contingent, are to be assembled, examined, an 
heard in their owa cause, eer ar 

Should the young men fail to.appear, or omit.to nssign a reason for 
their absence, the revisal of the proceedings by the council is to take 
plice, and the business concluded as if they ‘were present, provided 
they have not obtuined leave to postpone their attendance. , 

SPrateatk of (ote rles lates aeration fare ecartuargtieeore: 
of disabilities, are to be Investigated by medical oilicees., 

other claises of alleged claims to exemption are. to he decided 
‘upon by authentic documents or eertifieatus of the Mayor of the eom- 
mune where the claimant resides, and three heads of families belong- 
‘ing to the same canton, whose sons are liable to the conscription law, 
or are servitig ut the time in the army. ) 

‘With the exception of eases, such as are mentioned, in sumber six 
‘teen, the decision of the council of revision is conclusive. 

Ar, Xi¥e—Young men who have drawn numbers whieh indicute 
that they belong to the contingent, are for the following reasous to be 
exer and rep! The dispensations are to take place in the 
order of the subsequent numbers or reasons for exemption, " 

1, All conscripts who ure_not.oue metre fifty-seven centimetres in 

‘ight, five foot two inches English measure. alae 

}, All persons who suffer under infirmities which render them un- 
fit for the army. a * 

‘B. The eldest son of a family of orphans where both parents aro dend. 

4. The only son, the eldest son, or if there be no son, the grandson, 
‘or the eldest of the grandsons of a widow, a father, if blind, or a mam 
of seventy yeura of age. y 

%. The eldest of two brothers who have both been drawn for the 
asnine levy. t 












} ’ ' LAW FOR RECRUITING THE FRENCH ARMY. — 65 
the 


itl ‘exception of persons who have been exémpted on account 
‘of disubilities, the aforesaid causes of dis soahepalee! ee 
young men from boing inscribed in the sul conser 
. xv-—-Young men whose numbers indicate that they belong to 
are the following circumstances to be exempted 
without being replaced, 

LAN persons who have voluntarily entisted in the army. 
2, Seamen that are registered accurding to the law of the 25th Dee. 
and ship carpeuters, borers, suilmakors und caulkors, if they be 

according to the 44th Article of the said law. 

‘ officers whu belong to the Navy or Army. 

‘nen regularly authorized to continue thelr ecclesiastical 
studies, on condition that they forfeit the benetit of 2 dispensation 
sa 

a to all the different persuasions or sects whose Mi- 

are by the State. 

of the Ecole Narmal, together with the teachers attached 
oe the latter engage to devote ten tha to this hey 
3 artic! to students of theology; the students of lan- 

the students of the polytechnique schools, and schools intended 

young men for em) ent in the service of the State. 
‘of schools Stead to qualify young men 
Army or Navy. vided, however, that the said pupils con~ 
their studies, or have been admitted inte the service 
they were themiaelves; and under the condition 
forfeit the bencfit of the dispensation if they abandon the 
‘studies, or are not udmitved into the service, or if they quit it 


e time fixed for a soldier to serve. er 
n je prizo 
se ty ee 


I. d/any men who belong to the contingent of 
, claim un exemption from serving in consequence of questions: 
its, the conscripts next in rotation according to their 

thoir claims be judicially decided, to supply the 

‘the oppellants, in the vame manner as if they hud received a 
aut Issue are to be peremptorily decided by the Prefect, 


bra 
rts of law deliver their verdict on these cases without 
eee orecanent ig to be heard. An appeal may 
-When the whole business of the conscription, includi 
dispensations, or appeals, has bes ‘exumined: 
each canton is to be finally 


, 






66 LAW POR RECRUITING THR FRENCH ARMY, 


; with Article 16, may be called upon 
wep et ae tebe ered he a a the eotinget conde 
rere. on a 
Gort atone, tht all pena 
sinew rt ier nity a 
‘This announcement, with conte 
ess tre publ and pnted pin ack cnn of 


canton. 
| When the courts of civil Drccoretienee sdecided.poa. the 


‘the conseription ir we thirty years of nge, 
or shiny ave if he has been.a soldier, und that he haa he ight ad 
other qualities requisite to fit him for the army. 

"Subsitutes shell be ‘be admitted | Sproat op theact 
— sale po of the Contit ee 
not im a 
eee sane 
same drawing. 


saeesnaselismam indie to. join the 


corps. ko hb 
or but in-proportion to the wants of the army ; and Sshey.vall be 
out ee to the ii re respoctive classes... ste) 
RT, XX—Tho duration of the of service of soldiers levied 
pT is to-be reckoned. from the Ist 
ae they ure inseribed on the books of a corps of the army. 
lagent of the yeu 1816 Lop teeth ot ne ye 





— 


LAW FOR RECRUITING THE PRENCH ARMY. oT 


Sika hi el Fn peldiat to emai dm:the ‘cceya'ta 
 o€ ta join another. 
“Agr, xx1 diving which a sldier 
SRevti varie acoselithanst'e primary enlist sige, Bi sha 
for two years only. 
who re-enter the service are entitled to an advance of pay, 
‘may be received into the Gendarmerie, or the Veterans of 


(Aeneas palaepgmeonp: haar act li papa 


SECTION IV. 
OP VETERANS. 

A op ager Leary non-commissioned officers* and soldiers 

ro area crehcires ‘returned to their former 

residence, shal b ieee ff years subjected to.« local 


Veterans — marry eee erin nese 
of shall not be Hable to any duty, and even dur- 
tend their sorvicos beyond the 


iissioned oflicers or soldiers, who huve served 
bed peril eennct he again taken into the army, but with 


c Gita cnly tothe lsoal service ot Viearaaa 
soldi Week aehtlnwtha edicuad te oe 
Jens inthe army, or who were discharged in 
wounds, or some important disease, will be eiaepanitised 


SECTION V. 
PENAL RNACTMENTS. 
eee cre re the reeruiting i br ue 
to ie 
remain alien 
‘and military tribunals before whom causes in to 
ee ee ee de- 


to crimes of a mili Sr jae to be 
ray es by ese litary ra Se 


E functionary or public officer, civil or military, 
er any ee ere piamtios 


: se of authority, 
eee the IASth Arcot the PE. 
1 it being exempted from the still more heavy 





s LAW FOR RECRUITING ‘THE FRENCH ARMY. 





Anr. oe rape terete AL Oe cme 
‘commissioned officer before lev in tereatyzyeeewrof age; anid\line served 


__ No soldier is to epee ee nak of a tommisianed officer 
‘before he has served two years ag a non-commissioned officer, or, if he 
‘has uot for the same prosecuted a course of education at a special 
military tose at and mabe ‘a satisfactory examination at the said 


Auer, xxvin.—One third of the vacant commissions of second-lien- 
tenant will be Gren to non-commissioned officers. 
/ Two-thirds of the vacant commissions of the ranks of lieutenant, 
captain, chef de battailon or squadron, and lieutenant-colonel; shall be 
to seniority. 





selected from captains employed as paymasters, 
or who had the charge of the clathing of a corps; or adjutant. 
majors. Paymasters, and ticers of clothing, are to be poke from 
officers who shall have been serjeant-mojors, or maréohaum ie 
Bhp Adjutant-majurs are to be chosen from lieutenants, who had 
co tants and serjeant-mujor, or anata i and 
jutants from serjennt-majors or maréchawendeselogis chefs. 
Mon six/—Alle lider meet weore foue years in each rank’ before 
they can be promoted to another. 
is rule is never to be infringed except during war, upon extraor- 
occasions, or in consequence of remarkable examples of bravery, 
must have been seas hag in the Order Book of a corps. 
rh xxx.—In conformity with these general views, the promotion 
of the army is to be conducted. ‘The reqnisite rules whieb may be no- 
cesanry on this subject, shall be promulgated. in the collection of laws, 
Hence all former enactments, ordonnances, rules, instructions, or 
— respecting promotion, are and remain abr 
‘This law, Tohich hos ‘been discussed and adopted by: the Chamber of 
oe ang as chy by that of the tater) and has this ‘hay received Our 
il: ba oanehdered'a law of the Stave. Onr desire, there- 
tryin a enlt it bo kept and obocrved throughout our Kingdom and the 
under our authority. 
We therefore order and command Our Courts and pricoly Pro- 
‘Administrative bodies, and others, concerned by these presents, 
keep and maintain this law, and to cause it to be kopt and main- 
se nein One will and pleasure, that for the purpose of duly 
— this law, the sid authorities nboll cauwe it vo be regis 
lished as may seem nec nd to the end: raha ie be 
Si spar tomar We have affixed Our 
pane Paris, the 17th March, 1818, and of the ‘Twenty- shi yonr 


. . sme tie King, 
a el ag A J Pre ae. 


Signed) Pasquier, Keeper of the Great Seal, and tar} 
Ee eter artic tee Adeameeisee HFG Lave 
(Signed) M. Gouvion-Satnt-Cyn, Seoretary at War. 





69 


NAVAL GUNNERY.* 


COMMANDER MARSHALL'S NEW MODE OF MOUNTING AND WORKIXG 
SHIPS’ GUNS. 


‘Tux vital advantages of Naval Gunnery were so manifest, even in the early 
periods of our maritime career, that they were set forth in various publications, 
as those of Master Digs, Master Bourn, and Master Norton, authors, who, 
though perhaps not aware of the real trajectory of a shot or shell, were more 

ent in most points of practice than many of the Mentors of the present 
day. In describing the necessary qualifications of a gunner so far back as 
1626, the celebrated Capt. John Smith observes : 
oe posing him to be a Christian fearing and serving the true God, and living in 
See and esteem among ten; he ought (Desides this) to be competently exper 
Tienced in several arts and sciences, and especially in these following. 

“1. Tn Arithmetic, both vulgar’ and decimal, whereby he may be able to work the 
Rale of Three (or Goiden Rule) both direct and reverse, to extract the square and cube 
roots, &e. 

«+9. In Geometry, whereby he may be able to take heights, depths, and distances to 
take the true plot of any piece of ground ; and thereby to mine, or counter-mine under 
the same, or any perttheroel a sklig ah basbels:ct earth 

“+3. He ought to rienced in making of ramparts, cannon, of earth, 
“ait ce-mocine both fo soten aad tecretin. ss 

44: He ought to be acquainted withthe names of every member of which apiece of 
ordnance is composed, and to what use every member is appropriated. 

‘He ought to know how to search and pry into the conditions of any gun or guns 
soimsited Har things, aa to knew whatne aly bored, or oper bores wtihee S20. 
cr without a chamber; whether free from flaws (or honey-combs). To know what 
quantity of powder will serve for a due charge fur each piece ; what shot will fit ; how 
many matrosses to attend ; how many horses or uxen will serve to draw any piece, or 
im case they cannot be had) how many men may serve.” 

This statement cannot be perused without exciting bitter regrets over the con- 
dition into which gunners’ warrants have latterly fallen, nor ought the very 
questionable claims of numbers who obtained them to be hidden. “This com= 
memorator of gunpowder treason, with a treason upon gunpowder,” says an old 
writer, “ is commonly a spawn of the captain’s own projection 2” but whether 
the lucky candidate for the ostensible office was an old seaman mistakenly re- 
warded thus for past services, or a favourite minion, the appointment, though 
not equally guiltless, was equally absurd, as in either case a total incapacity in 
the art of killing and destroying with celerity must be looked for. A lamenta- 
ble consequence resulted,—the training of officers and seamen to the theory and 
practice of gunnery was so negle:ted, as to consist merely in adroitness of cast- 
ing loose, and then securing the guns, after an irregular and noisy substitute for 
exercise, in which the hasty delivery of the word “done” superseded the know- 
ledge of dimensions, windage, and dispart of ordnance ; the proportion, force, 
and effect of ammunition; and the loading, pointing, and giving effectual fre 
A career of triumph over enemies, as neglectful as ourselves, prevented the sore 
from being painful, till the unexpected success of a wary opponent exposed the 
defect. Tk must not be concealed that our vexations defeats were owing to well- 
concerted plans, as well as mere weight of broadsides. ‘The personal courage of 
our officers and’ men was never more exemplary ; but the bold and till then suc- 
cessful mode of attack by which we had annihilated the navies of Europe, was 
of no avail with those who determined to allow of no closing but on their own 
terms. When the Shannon engaged, she brought tactics and gunmery, as well as 
heroism, into play ; and the consequence was 10 more than was to be looked for: 

















* A description of Commander Marshall’s new mode of mounting and working 
guns ; wherein the nature and advantages of its novel properties are shown, and illua- 
trated by the results of official experiments, 4to. with plan: John Murray. 








re # ag Gait 2s eae ef PAE ae 34 Bi 

HH ai Hu He ul Bie Henle mh i # 

3's sift jl g255338 aha as lee Hug FL i 
Ee EEG 
Pete ane iraal ig 
8 He: 3 te aly iil ify HH i Ht ATE Fi 
a nee ek Ht 

a li setttg i ai ise itil PH 

ea HE ny stl ats ay _ HALE HAE ree ie 

Fi nap Hie 2 eat iat Hee DHTnaE Hh 
2 ui Tid AREAS: Wel H ibd 


. chief novelty sete tas mounting, consists in having removed the 
tearing of the gun upon ‘the trunnions (which have nowr nothing 
‘sipporting the yun) to a fixed point at tks bapchy Aad nose oa patos 
(rugaion.” 





in the horizontal are, whieh the muzle of « gun ean do- 
sect ais rtdal too spre of anon even ne jy Dat 


« ‘with which it advances, the forther the enevny is remov- 
Iaiiaas shartes bv covedived without diagram. TL sequites Dat. eoiparé 
tho duration of contest and the number of shot fired, with the amount of exeeu- 








‘thus aniting the a 
in, without waiting for the former numerciis craw k 








the 
> © Ev answer to those who might suppose many of the incony of the old 
eniences 


ee ema by etree, it may be observed, 
‘that this would favour the gun's inclination to upset, from the check it necessa~ 


‘tee; but in the old carriage, although the same jon 

“presse a rong by he mig he hgh ode, 
" ‘motion of the ship. 89 much for prove 

“by any means happened, the difficulty of remounbng a gun on another 

‘next to insurmountable during actions whereas, with the new 

4f Voth the breast and breech carringe should require renew 








7 Tor truispotig w guns citer the bres part may be ley the fore 


~ ‘the gun on a transporter, 
rtetamng sa mye 
trucks pot under it for its removal 
over dy rada 
Seo bcr has bow sad in Tavour of round strat, bocaise they can Bring more 


J ggasi dence of the otervie oles quer ut frm te grate angle 





pre 
‘This lity of dafending a 

te proficiency of 
the, ee es . ete 


» tinmolested. The superior f racy it 
= rooildy tn be be oped fnitedices tore 





NAVAL GUNNERY. 


ing; reducing the confusion, whi rd of 
Watingissoa scons Woarsaves teenie ate alone 


an 
i 
ft 

| 


li 
By 
i 
u 
i 


we 
random shot on this head. While we under- 
‘of broadsides which have lately been ti pe 


i 
Bae 
zh 
Z 
i 
a 


i seaman 
“drawing all their conclusions frow a few rocent instances, 
\wieldy batteries, Nov, in “yuuning” 4 man- iy We CAD 
will be tmproved hy giving them 24, ine 
for the. tounge of such ships. 
ill eraticcecies tha stability and 
the labour which the scantling, or frame, would endure in a. gale, be- 
occupy more room, and requiring more hands for the working. The 
Rohaplal thy 31-posolloct th of greains Importance, haps perariy cous 
jon, hing in Tah tind siooth water, it is of lite conse~ 
blowing fresh, with so much swell as to ship. watery it requires 
"0 ee ee HUES, FL BAAR A 

relieving tackle-falls. 
‘The advocates for mounting ships with large metal must suppose, consider- 
the difleronce of working a heavy and a light gun, that the done 
ship is in proportion to the diameter of the ball. ‘That this is the ease, few 
trl have Bees wach melon” Wall elle f Rnd dren if lewis 30,3 wocldh 
ianiI8 8 Sk pala "tatty, fs fhe ip. saken Up. lowing ane 
the latter 10 what would be necessiry In the former. The number of 
founds in a given time which an 18-pounder could be, tired oftener thana 24, 
say forty of ee cyt Sate Wi Tniter, would. more than compensate for 
a 


cs 
wee 
i 
gi 
Se 


‘ 
it 
ane 
Be 
: : 


Hue 
82 


in this instance is the same, bot the small gun 
inflicts forty, while the other fiat only thirty wounds, Lord Ke found 
red thrico in the time, requisite to fire a 42 


Awice, 

Piteeoebaneabip, ant Inve Toe ‘option of receiving fom an enemy. either 
twenty shots of 42 pounds, or thirty of 32 pounds, could we hesitate? Noe 
Tet us receive the former dow ; the diffrence of the diameter of the two calibre 
‘is very little in actual perforation; but in one case we have thirty instead of 
twenty Teaks to stop, leprae all strike between wind and waters 
if ‘Taye 10 lament the loss of men occasioned. 

a 


agg 

b i between them! If they all mien, the 
consequence is O; but surely the chance of some shot doing execution isin 
favour of the $2-pounder, in fhe pecbereee of 8 to 2. Tn much. of the late 
argument respecting heavy metal, the deductions are drawn Son pee x 
amples; and the effect arising from practical skill has been founded. with 
wroght of missile in asigning a superiosty which is rather relative than abso 
‘The necessity of froquently exercising the cinnot be teo 
wr heer eet fe ee ae 
te ela mnie 





the hull ofa ship. Many a persan, formerly, m 
pretnce of encay hele he kage oie ood oa all 


—- 


NAVAL GUNNERY. 3 


owes he remey a sedis 
sim cP tn a Cars aeriealiamcerpeaen 


SS this di 


Ae Tae ba deat ry es thy 
tment; and 
Sed onlaes ts On parenooas ona practice, 








Paine youn Se ae captains ai tr ey ay the priming wire, 
bien tho cartide s iy ete Se the tube ine 
aoaetay ‘primes with pee “herahould place bls 

Id under and thumb over the horn, in case of its blowin 
5. Poiwr voor: eee abould be wxecuted, wht ‘quarter tackles, 





‘Town oviss—This order should be exnontad briskly, the vont 
yas is to be turned round once oF twive in the chamber; 
on it, ie to beat its head outside the port-celly to shake 
third round, the gun is to be wormed. While 
hig wecout ord of command will be here given=-but at 


oun "orem The zie now propery wend the breehing 
nd arpa, the ‘uptaead, and every it 
6 TThatmsypsive ta docks caretully awabed, 
’ gn pow aay have dropped. 
Commander Marshall's description relates to the facility of 








ued NAVAL GUNNERY. 





rare flesh traffic, Thus equipped, she arrived on the coast of Africa, 
August 1828, and was generally at }0F it ‘captain on 
shore purchasing slaves, and the tate under orders to weigh, and. prepare for 
Dattle, on any suspicious suil im sight. As both her business and her 
destination were notorious, Commodore Collier was anxious for her Fey 
and the Black Joke, commanded by Lieut, Downes, was ordered to her 
‘closely. The: latter wns also a beautiful brig; but she was a hundred tons 
pean cand sees pga ay cect mete ciate on. 
acrew, su men. 

On the 20th of 1829, having embarked 466 slaves, the Almirante took 
Miopeas Utss gues eceeter cxespuse oa commend earetek eS 

wes ju ti ler Course, at on 

Bia she was preivod ss cibeaanlywoniee praia beicners ler 
ay pas Sanaa An ardaoks pure now jenced ; and a letter with 
‘we wero favoured from Fernando Po, dated a week after the affair, affords 


E 


NAVAL GUNNERY. 15 


Jours; afterwards she wore twice, giving us her broadside each time, but— 
hough from baring no bulwarks our men were all exposed-ithont effect. 

“Tt being now suneet, and not considering it prudent to sweep under the 
range of her guns, I merely kept close to her during the night, and baffled every 
manceuvre which was made for escape. At dawn of day, the brigs were be- 
calmed within a mile and a-half of each other, and remained so till noon, thus 
allowing full time to prepare for mutual civilities. At 30 past 12, the wind 
springing up from the westward, enabled the Almirante to lay up for us, on which 

tacked, to get on her weather quarter, and after a stretch, tacked again and 
edged away to close. At 40 past 2, when we had taken station within grape 
range, she wore and engaged us with a rapid fire of her larboard broadside; 
this was nnawered by three hearty cheers, and cool discharges from our Tong 
gan and carronade, till she wore at about 15 past 3. Considering the great dis- 
Parity of our equipment, I resolved to board at once; the helm was therefore 
put ap, the sails trimmed, and we stood directly for her; but the wind falling 
scant before we could close, she succeeded in bringing her starboard guns to 
bear, with a quick fire of round and grape, which better directed might have 
proved fatal, but the shot mostly over us. At 30 past 3, alight air sprang 
up, when she endeavouring to wear, brought us so close as to enable me to take 
up'a commanding position on her larboard quarter, whence we raked her com- 

Jcely, fore and af, for twenty minutes, when ber fre being. silenced, we were 

ailed with the tidings that she had struck. ‘The breeze freshening at this mo- 
ment, I laid her on board. 

“On taking possession, we found the deck abandoned to the dead and the 
dying, for she did not strike till the captain, bis two mates, and the boatswain 
were killed —the third mate being the only surviving officer. "In the latter part of 
the action, our fire had been ao warm, that the Spaniards deserted their quarters, 
seeking refuge amongst the terrified slaves; and I was happy to find that of 
these poor wretches, only one, a female, was wounded. The vessel was in excel- 
Tent fighting order, the running ropes being unrove from the fair leaders of the 
lower rigging, and frapped snugly round the masts; the topsail sheets were 
stoppered, the yards slung with chains, peak halliards stopped in two places, 
and all lumnber thrown overboard. On drawing the guns, mwe found a ‘round 
shot and two grape in each, and demanding of the people the reason of their 
firing 0 high, they answered, ‘ that it was the captain's intention to dismast us 
first, and then sink us at leisure.’ ‘There were several men stationed in the tops, 
who were to have been handsomely rewarded for all the officers they killed ; 
but our carronade, with its shower of musket-balls, soon settled this matter. All 
the starboard main shrouds of the Almirante were cut off in a line, as smooth) 
as if it had been done with an axe. I found out afterwards, that the black cool 
had stowed away about two fathoms of chain, promising that the first “ negro 
catcher’ we had a ‘palaver’ with should have it as a present from an African. 
He faithfully put his promise into execution, for he contrived to get it into the 
Tong gun, in the course of the loading ; and I have no doubt but this accounts for 
the rigging being cut in the remarkable way it was.” 











Thus ended an action not more creditable for intrepidity than for tact. Both 
vessels sustained considerable injury in the hulls, masts, yards, sails, and rig- 
ging; but the other effects of cannonade were widely different, for while the 
Spaniard, of 14 guns, only wounded six people, her opponent, with two pieces of 
ordnance, killed fifteen, and wounded thirteen. It may be added, as an anec- 
dote of “keen cruising,” that when the victors were burying the dead, “ Avast 
there !" cries one, “ that fellow ’s an officer—let’s overhaul him a bit before he 
‘goes overboard :” they did so, and found a belt round his waist, which inclosed 
a zone of doubloons! 





6 


“ROYAL MILI ‘any ‘COLLKeR, Sanpuunsr, 


seeecpenee etal sy 















annie and Priddy, He 10th 
ited by the Generals Commanding-in-' 
ja Bxaintsatibn of the Gentlemen Cadets of the Junior D 


Adjutant-General of the elas Warge: Sir eae 
ee yuty-Adjutant-General, ‘Major-Gen. Macdonald,) ne 8 re 

Seva the Lieutenant-Governor of the Taautatioa: ‘Major- 
Gert Heed Douglas was also present on the list day. Capt. 
Garvock attended ss Secretary to the Board. 


’ FIRST DAY, id 


‘On Thursday, after the Parte ealtaen Of the Battalion of Gentle 
pea Cadets, who received wnmissioners with their band and co- 
the business of the ay commenced ‘with the Exntninatioa of one 
ee eee Oca teeter Spherical Trigonometry, und of 
fe others in the ordinary Collegiate course of Me taht consist 
of Plane and Solid Geometry, Plane Trigonomet 
Heights and Distances, &e. Conic Li laa sa Sy ‘Spherical 1 
beset Gent. Cadet Clement Edwards passed a very 
vxainination ; and we uiderstood that the re inerit of this Cailet 
was favourably estimated by his ops Ma ‘the ordinary Mathema- 
course, Gent. Cadet Petley displayed most ‘ubility, and 
Unerslly maintained his sap throu z the other branches of 
in which he successi ppeared. This examination, of ed 
i egal we te Wenceslas ERR ATT oot 
i ‘ie Lementiry Mathematics which are immediately 9 vee 
practical and professional purposes: such as the Trigonomet mea 
sirement of inaccessible Heights and Distances, the ealculation of the 
cubic contents of parapets and ditches, for apportion’: ve Hee a and 
Lis! ae works, und other Military spate of 
A lai of thirteen Gentlemen Cadets were next eieitel s Tatin, 
‘The book they bronght up was Tacitus, an author whose terse and 
elliptical style renders him frequently obscure even to the professed 





f Vorisen 






iy 








ROVAL MILITARY COLLEGE, SANDHURST, cre 
scholar; yet a portion of the Germania, chosen at hagard by the Com- 


missioners from the volume, was construed with a fluency and elegance 
which surpriaed as. a ed SUL Saray 
‘The class for examination in French, comisting of eight Gentlemen 
Was next called up, und rendered a portion of Fenelon’s Tele- 
English, and of a History of England into Freneh. This, 
the diserepancics and peculiarities of national idioms, is a process 
‘of no alight dithiculty to be correctly dowe,—and, making due ullow- 
‘aiise, the redpective translutions were, in the present instance. very 
‘fairly and tinently executed, We are bound to observe that, in every 
the matter soleoted for trial was named from the volumes at lage 
‘Cominlasioners, who severally probed! the acquitements of the 
in cach branch of study with a close and searching serutiny. 
‘Phe lust class which uppeated for the day was composed of twelve 
Gentlemen for examination in German, a language as useful to 
‘the n rabcniveas reap cole eae ‘They translated the 
des Siebcasjahrigen Krioges (History of the Seven Years’ 
‘of Von Resetane: with great accuracy, and displayed a re- 
command of the classic German prouunciation and accent. 
he Adjutant-Gerieral took an active part in the exumination of this 
‘at its close paid a just tribute to their proficiency. 
‘intervals of this day’s examination, two complete courses of 
ailitary surveying und sketching, which had been performed, the ove 
i tthe other seven, Gentlemen Cadets, duriug the half-yeur, 
submit to the inspection of the Commissioners. Wo wonld 
¥ give all the details Of these courses, did our spuce permit; their 
anid utility will, however, be understood, when we state that ther 
Matador Bueachen VE prossid phos SP F040 Mil bonindaries, arrveNed, 
in detached purts, by ‘Theodolite, and laid down by FProtractor, plans 
‘of triangulation taken by the Pocket-Sextant, diagrams of measured 
and Tagen &e. done generatly under thw direction of the 
wor by several Cadets in Sen sketches and surveys, 
which were aubsequently connected fap mis! each course closing with 
series of combined sketches, of which a part was executed by 
: without Professor or instruments, and in a single morning. 
specimens in surveying, all of ther well, and many of them 
at i |, the sketches of Gent. Cadet Petley werd inti~ 
the best; indeed, the drawings of this deserving Cadet a 
1 ther of u masterly chiracter, surpassing what we could have 
pecte & youthful pupil. On'the whole, this feature of the 
nge comrse struck us ae being eminoatly conclusive of its practical 
ty, us well as of ite superior power and mode of imparting exsen- 


side-twbles of the Board Room were also covered with military 
both in pen and brushwork, and some very boldly-pencilled 
of ground from models, all copied in 1 business-like style 
is by the Gestures Cade, ofthe Jower elass of this Useful 
9. are accurately trained for the subsequent tion o| 
MaMa eee ches Catsee o en vae 
Bombuy Presidency, comprising about fifteen square feet of ela- 
‘work, which had been copied by soine af the Gentlemen Cadets 
‘the use of the Quarter-Master-Goucral’s Department at the Horse 














8 ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE, SANDHURST: 


Guards, from inal Milit Lieut-Colonel Suther- 
land. Strat Bott A pat iat Pie ars 
in this ment Gent-Cadet ene ieee The 

Lh sna arecaint maragiee tare - int est et 
manner of their master, 30 popularly known by his ‘publishe lings 
Beit eubjert t ‘4 


BRCOND DAY. 


poatenasiaunt Eu- 

clid’s Geometry ; after which, another class of eights came forward to 
complete Teg snalifications for commissions und certificates, by exami- 
nation in Fortification. In this Inquiry, which was most rigidly carried 
through the intricacies of permanent and field fortification, the eandi« 
dates acquitted. themselves Lycee coon ST; a ey amr ives Seg 
acquainted with their rae Gent,-Cadets George Grey and 
were particularly distinguished. We have never heard & more uci 

exposition of a given subject, than the and 
bby forming Inundations in Field Fortification, ae described by 
the former, whose manner of nequitting himself on this occasion drew 

from the Secretary: 


bina ant Ju Europe, and reflect 
Fortifiention, by whom its exe- 
sin pert ears Se uawacckan examined throw, a 
le progress of a siege, from the formation mat the first parallel 
the mau te last retrenchment in the body of the place, Having 
this ordeal in a most sutisfactory manner, the elass was gent, 
‘without their Professor, who remained in close custody, to trace a field 
work on ground in front of the College, while the Commissioners re- 
beep realy dalighted with dhovexbibitiont, he 
jere we were ith ¢ ae ‘twenty of ¢ 
Cadets, most advanced in the drill of this munly and ‘branch 
of eeihuy instruction, who, with well-traii ) put their 
ste the various paces, filed through several pont oa and 
ae cl peed eemureen » trot, and gallop, with 
the abl and "The Oommissteners bela 


= for time, a not view the very useful ice in taki 


pee and distances in line and-columa on in which Capt. 
\wiek, tbe active oe aap eye had for some time 
e Riding School the Commissioners to inspect the 


tak phish the Pesukeatn Glas ba meannbiie caootad From a 
Mast of, xerissy of Field Work, one na TRE ae, 

‘ort, to serve ns a ei a or other 
ches di thn in the wing ith Se aigiceees 
‘was completed ; and two profiles were set up for the direction of « 


= 


ROVAL MILITARY COLLEGE, SANDMURST. nM 


the and the examination: 
tenets prod 
nN! proved that 
1 oehenyemerens lee ene the an 
dere History, whi is mow confined to might lvanta- 
extended or rather varied. Every writer does not relate 
id each has some modification of cause and offoet, nuthen- 











which the; 


ty passed in 
with certificates, recording the special 
missioners at the further advancement which 





ba) ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE, SANDITY RST. 


‘Thirteen bad the: prectical:Cotirse of Forti6cation) hy the 
Cantructin or Pcl Works and had cen fnstracted sn the aan! 
Process 


dada GbR ecucfansion barreriounperenof cua M- 
Eight in the French Languages 
‘Twelve in the German. 
Beak eer in Latin, 
Seven Freaks 
och of exantinations was recorded as one step, of five, to~ 


wards a commission or certificate; the number of commissions now 
fully gained being six, and the number of certificates eight. - 


Sexton Devanrmenr. 4 

Saturday being devoted to the public examination of the Students 
at the Senior Department of the College, the following Olficers, who 
had completed their course of study, appeared before the Commisson- 

Major G, Jobnotone, unattached. 

Capt. W- ban 73d herd 

Lieut. E. K. Young, Iiith ditta. 

Lieut. R. G. Crunfurd, 24 Dragoons. 
Livut. W. Rogers, half-pay Cape Cavalry. 

The portion of the Muthematiesl Course selected by the Commis 
sionurs forthe sxrsincion of thoes Stok vies principally Corie 
Sections and Spheri nometey, a tw the puxposes of Prac 
Ceub anirsasseyeh Ties Gltewtie wits bende the revocation pines 

Major Jobnstone. . 

Find the relation between the absciswr and ordinates of an ellipse, 
viz. Prove that the aquare of the transverse axis is to the square of 
the mlcuaces ng the Yectange of the abscisse ir to the square of the 

inate. 


semi-o 

Find the latitude of a place by two altitudes of the sun, with the 
interval of time between the observations. . 

Prove that the distance of the centre of a projected great. cirele from 
the centre of the primitive, is equal to the tangent of the inclination, 









a mean bg 
tional between the distances of the ordinate and tangent from the een- 


tre of the ellipse. 
Find the latitude of a place, having given an altitude of the sin, 
and the time of the observation. 


Lieut. Rogers. : 
Prove that a line drawn from any point in o parabola to the focus is 
equal to the distance of that point the direction, 

Given the sun's altitude and declination ; find his azimuth, the va- 
riation of the compass, and the time of the observation. _ 


it. Young. ri 
When ordinates are drawn to any diameter of an hyperbola, the 


ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE, SANDHURST. 81 


rectangles of the segments between the curvé and assyiptotes are 
equal to each other. 

Find the error of a watch by equal altitudes of the sun. 

In the stereogruphical projection, find the projected diameter of a 
given circle. 

Lient. Craufurd. 
gq gil the longitude of « place by the moon's distance from the aun, 


rc. 
Find the sides of a spherical triangle, having given the three 
angles. 


Thre examination of the Officers in Fortification was conducted upon 
precisely the same system as that of the Gentlemen Cadets; and while, 
at its close, the five proceeded together to trace a field work on the 
ground, the Commissioners minutely inspected the drawings, surveys, 
and of fortification performed at the Senior Department durin 
the half-year. This Course, which was exceedingly well execated an 
highly interesting, comprised many admirable military sketches of 
Parts of the adjacent country ; and also the joint survey of the officers 
under examination, consisting of a considerable portion of the chain 
of heights, or South Downs, extending acroas the county of Sussex—a 
work which evinced a perfect knowledge of the theory, and great skill 
in the practice, of this most important ich of military science. 

At the conclusion of the examination, all the five officers were pre- 
sented by the Commissioners with recommendatory certificates of the 
first class to the General Commanding-in-Chief. Before quitting this 
subject, we must remark, that the very limited period (twelve months 
only being allomed to those officers who have previously been at the 
Junior department, and not more than two years to those who have not) 
occupied by the several officers in preparing themselves, greatly en- 
hanced the merit of their distinguished proficiency; nor must we 
omit a deserved tribute to the popular and accomplished Professor, 
Mr. Narrien, by whose anxious and able instruction they were enabled 
to make so rapid yet effectual a progress. 

The Commissianers concluded by inspecting the various and highly 
useful models in plaster of Paris, one of which exhibits most accurately 
the country for many miles rcund the College, and was modelled from 
the surveys of the Cadets. These models are intended to be copied 
from, in order that the Cadets may more readily master the actual fea- 
tures of ground. We should also enumerate plans of the field works 
‘actually constructing by the Students of both Departments, as well 
as of the astronomical problems and observations carried on during 
the term by the officers of the Senior Department, at the Observatory 
of the Royal Military College. 

Thus terminated an examination, calculated to impress a visitor with 
the very highest opinion of the judicious distribution and practical effi- 
cacy of the system of education pursued at this Institution, although 
surpassing the late exhibitions of the same kind at the College 
only in such a fitting ratio as its principle of progressive improve- 
ment insures. To the sceptical on tnese matters we would say, “Go 
and see with your own eyes, and judge accordingly,’"—we will guaran- 
tee their conviction, if not conversion ; as we have reason to assume in 

U.S. Jouny. No. 13. Jaw. 1830. o 





R ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE, SANDHURST. 


‘the case of an inguiring Momber of the Lower House, to whom we 
ascribe none but the most honest motives, and who minutely inspected: 
the t, as those should do who undertake to critice its 
administration. While on this subject, we may he permitted to offer a 
few cen which strike us as worthy of uttention. ‘The’ present. 
Board Roo ypears, from its situation and confined dimensions, incon- 
venient and inadequate as the scene of the general examinations ; 


whole of the Cadets, upon whom the spectacle might have a mare ex 
citing and beneficial effect than results from their present exclusion. 

Reg] visitors might also be ndmitted, Lagan invited ; and the 

Se pelea) avers ohtiocignited decegeed o eay ing ike differ 
‘aware ie ied dist. of any ike dis 

it by the Authorities of the College ;—but- the’ effect ot en 


the above, that the succession of Governors is not recorded, as they 
a 


i 


ly pervades every 
influence to the very face of Nature. ‘Throughout all 
observed 


ed the estate, into a noble and salubrious reservoir for the aquatic sports 
‘of the Cadets. Nor is this all. A Town, supported by the Coll 
‘has sprung up in the waste, and the means of subsistence and 
‘tence have been thus extended to hundreds of families. 
Bowing, aa we implicitly do, to the principle of a just and por- 


vading economy, we confess to have felt involuntary Tegect ut ‘the 

Sed cnet ine pd ee 
as its 

theahars oP eae an rutlleasly at, work Mates nd 


Cot 

fence, rhat the Seite Dual throwing 1} Nate. 
‘We presume, t] my ors are it ah en- 
trench fally and scieatifally Wiced,) to 
‘and thickenod the ayivan 








= 
E 
i 
= 
+3 
2 
ag 
i 
2 





BAST INDIA COMPANY'S MILITARY SEMINARY. 83 


field fort, neatly encompassing an opportune knoll, to repel incur- 
sions from the. rear: while Government House forms an admirable 
bulwark in front, impregnable to outward force or treachery, though 
hospitably accessible by its gorge 

We could extend our remarks much farther, but our limits warn us 
it is high time to conclude. “We would add a parting and general ad- 
manition to our younger comrades, the Gentlemen Cadets, to profit by 
the peculiar advantages of instruction they enjoy, and to qualify them- 
selves for future eminence by present distinction—to recollect that the 
character of their preparatory trial will infallibly influence that of their 

ional career—and that neglected opportunities of gaining general 

and professional qualification rarely, if ever, return ; and are 

only Temembered to be bitterly deplored :—let them also never forget 

that subordination, the link of all society, is the key-stone of military 

discipline and success. We advise as one of themselves—alive to their 

hopes and fears and youthful prospects, and, baply, not unmindful of 

some natural, though unreasonable, repugnance to restraints, which, 

while curbing the youthful spirit, temper and train it to the pursuits 
of manhood. 

We have only to add, that we derive the highest gratification from 
the power thus afforded us of doing justice to the practical utility and - 
exemplary administration of this noble Establishment ; and of referring 
the successful results we have just detailed to the able and popular 
management of its Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, aided by the 
zealous co-operation of the Officers and Professors. 





RAST INDIA COMPANY'S MILITARY SEMINARY. 


Tar half-yearly ublic examination at this institution took place at 
Addiscombe, on Friday, the 11th instant, in presence of John Lock, 

|. Chairman to the Hon. the Court of Directors, William Astell, 
Esq. M.P. Deputy Chairman, and a deputation of Directors. Amongst 
the many distinguished visitors present, were his Grace the Archbishop 
of Canterbury, the Bishop of Rochester, Sir Howard Douglas, Sir Au- 

tus Frazer, Col. Williamson, Col. Drummond, Lieut. Col. Jones, 
Ass. Dep. Adj. Gen. Royal Artillery, Lieut. Col. Pasley, Royal En- 
gineers, and many other eminent officers of the Royal and of the Indian 
Armies. 

Having in our number for August last given a detailed account of 
this fine establishment, it is unnecessary for us on the present occa- 
sion to give more than an outline of the proceedings of the day. 

‘The examination was conducted by the distinguished public exami- 
ner Col. Sir Alexander Dickson, K.C.B. of the Royal Artillery, ‘There 
appeared twenty-seven Cadets for examination. ‘Their mathematical 

uirements were conspicuous in their demonstrations in Geometry, 
Trigonometry, Mensuration, Mechanics, Statistics, &c. and (come of 
the most advanced Cadets) in Fluxions. The examination in Hindos- 
tanee followed the Mathematics, and we understand that some of the 
Directors, well acquainted with the language, expressed very gre: 
tisfaction at the proficiency of the candidates. The examination in 
Fortification closed the proceedings, and we were more gratified at the 
intelligence of the Cadets than at the previous examination in June. 
They evidently understood the subject, though the explanation of the 

oe 








TORHIGN MIKCRLLANY, 


ae 
"i 

z 

i 

i 

i 


aif 
44 
= 
Fy 
fi 
ine 
a 
a] 


could to the singular ability 
which at pro neu die fine ourselves at 
og those points which are first treated of, The 


i on ata Se aa ae 


ere cap 
pei he 
amy 4 ised on j but the wu mite se 
: tie 
Sitar Beane sae Whee enatoond Ok ea on wh be 


foreign tpops, and toet revolutions fave been aida by thea. 
national troops that Carsar and Conca enslaved their country, 
srry marched withthe mol against the Basile; thg Swi 
aenenty, pega in defending the Klug’ palace” (p. 7.) |The 
ities of troops are divided into permanent nad temporary qualities. 
causes,” says the pte ‘are good. military institutions, and 
mores of makin at ols cases, the are wae 8 filing of hover 
o stloryy ps ty iol love. liberty, hatred 
egninst any i iin among thoze who aspire to honours and 


re 
te 
se 
5 

ipa 


hee 
ua 
Bae. 
i 


: 
eee 
q 
£ 
a 
ay 
nae 
bee 
na 





pe the service.” ih.) He, who makns the army his profession, no matter of 
‘what country, or in what service he is, must Aagombenealy De the beat soldier, 
and therefore we find the generally good conduct of hoorechary, 00 6; on this 
anbjeet, the learned author Feng forward x maxx of evidence. * The memor- 
able 10,000 of Xen opin says he, “wore part ofan army consisting princi- 
pally of 13,000 mereenaries taken into pay i Cyms for the purpose of 
moninghisbrothet Amarers7” the mutiny of theo tops, and his cons 
‘quent return to obedience an. being promised more pay, is also alladed to in a 
note on this passage, and imadle use of by: the author to show, that although self 
{acs x as their anly motive, Cyrus placed his chief reliance pon their exer 
“The Romans,” contigues the abot, ‘wore often beaten by the famous 
AS of the Ci 7, und It was « condition of the treaty 
ide a the Tater republic should no longer eim= 
Germanicus were the Batayian co 








iegasiinated oy cant Paleologus, en 
Beat, although much inferior in amber, es 

discord arisen among their chieis, they 

fall of the empire, Ke, On the denlk of D Duke Domaad ofSuae ‘Weimny, seve~ 





FOREIGN MISCELLANY. 87 





ral powers endeavoured to attach to themselves that army, with which, com; 
entirely of mercenaries, he had made himself so formidable to the Imperialists. 
France succeeded, and may be said to have purchased the troops, for it was a 
money matter; they served long under Turenne, and constantly distinguished 
themselves; they formed the left of the French army at Nordlingen, and Condé 
owed his victory to their valour, &c. In the present day, during the seven 

that Napoleon endeavoured to subjugste Spain, his troops guined the battles 
which they fought against the Spaniards, and lost the greater part of those in 
which they were opposed to the British: the former were, however, national 
troops, filled with patriotism, and sometimes with fanaticism, they fought for the 
independence of their country, they were animated with feelings of hatred against 
the troops of Napoleon: the English armies, on the contrary, were com 

of men of different nations, and almost the whole of the individuals who com- 
posed them were soldiers by profession.” (pp. 12-10), The later Mustrton 
Contains a just eulogium on our German allies, than whom no better or braver 
ever fought in the ranks of the British army ; but, after all, these fucts brought 
forward in favour of mercenary troops, might, we conceive, be applied with 
equal fitness to the uncontested position, that a well-disciplined army is better 
than one which is not so; for whether the former be mercenaries, or national 
‘troops, they must, according to all experience, prove superior to less disciplined 
armies which may far exceed them in number. 

‘The popular opinion that troops show the greatest valour in the heart of their 
own country, and in defence of their own homes, is uext ably combated ; but 
we must check our disposition to make farther reference to this interesting book 
at present, promising to return to the noble Author in our next number. 








Among some otherwise excellent observations of Lieut-Gen. Brennier, on the 
Manceuvres of Infantry, inserted in the Spectateur Militaire of Sept. 1829, we 
find the following exact aud modest version of the attack by the 29th at Roriga. 
‘The survivors of the old 29th, who were preseut, could, we think, tell a some- 
what different story. 

« At the affair of Roriga, or rather Azamlugeira, I had sent two companies of 
the 70th regiment to the left for the purpose of guarding the debouche ofa defile 
which I had luckily observed : these two companies were suddenly attacked by 
an English regiment; the rest of Delaborde’s division was still enguged in the 
principal defile which debouched upon Azambugeira; all was lost if the move- 
ment of the English regiment could not be arrested. ‘The remainder of the troops 
under my orders was indispensably necessary upon the different points where I 
had posted them, and where, in fact, I was successively attacked ; I could not, 
therefore, send reinforcements, I had not even time to do so. I ran myself to- 
wards the two companies, who, not believing themselves able to resist the great 
superiority of the enemy, were retiring in good order. I made them face about, 
and immediately after, fire, and charge the English regiment, which was thrown 
into complete disorder, after having had ity Colonel (Lake) killed, and many 
others (among whom several officers) killed, wounded, and prisoners.” The 
note upon this passage adds, “ Gen. Foy, and afterwards Colonel Napier, in 
giving an account of the affair at Rorica, have said that the enemy was charged 
by a battalion, but I was upon the ground and these gentlemen were not: and 
am certain that all the old officers of the brave 70th will testify that the English 
regiment which attacked our left was only charged by two companies; Twill 
also aver that we were not more than 2000 men in the ficld of battle at Azam- 
Dugeira: Gen. Foy says, according to authentic documents, we were less than 
2500, including the two companies detached to Bombarral and Cadoval. Gen. 
Foy’s version is the only true one; T think Colonel Napier is wrong, in saying 
that it would be diminishing the glory of Gen, Laborde to give him less than 
5000 men, it appewrs to me that it would be quite the coutrary.” ‘The General 

cecds— 

“T take this opportunity to contradict the question, more than silly, (plus que 
niaise,) and above all things, little soldicrlike, which Colonel Napier has attri- 


























POREIGN MISCELLANY. 
alt the Hogi ead-quariar at Macele, aftr 1 ha 
isonet on va ene we , 1 was provided with horse, 


‘me having Ied-me a tolerabl: 

omen see en foun on Rogah md rie Tee 

his ship for the moment, wns ining the movements of the battle wit) im 
ope ; on perceiving me, he sand asked me aeveral 


thono whi spread to ma fog oe thinklog it sre 


Commodore (Sir ¢ Adam) abashed, made eu 
bk art ‘iat lepine etd ot bustles ax ell coined 
at Le Reale jhe had. the to send one of his 


cine 
Soest [Gombe ce aray mere Srnass 
z. a) we 
ae Diet omenaeaeteneknate 
© Ung the reserve: ‘Gen. Kellewaun cowe up? "=—See Napier, Vol-icp. 276. 


NATAL OTEAM CANNON. 


meee Porking's Steam Cannon at Vineonnes, near 
attond Cr Seca Jast 


ie 


the 
com orks Phat joe ncmee nian ee ae 
ication tothe arming of sbi aa a Commerce, in 
des Scienaes, Mil. Aug. 18: 
NAVAL ae ay raANer. 
of France consisted, on the 1st of Jan. of this (1890), 


25 brigs, of 16 10 20 gunseach, # tenders carrying ISwuns, 19 brige of 16 
pp pele al hehe ire eas a0. 
‘The various a Gina for (n year cae soul ‘no extraordinary 
event 21 war, vit, L line-of-battle-ship, 14 frigates, T9 other 
feeetinmortt ciposeslsmoemae 

‘The following is the compasntive poy of the naval officers of the vatious 


Porworsy not i mess allowances = 

- - France, Francs. 
An lish Vieo-Adiniral 16,000 A United States Commander — 7,120 
‘A Datel ditto. 38,700. A French ditto 
A Pronch ditto. 98,000 An English Commander of'a fri- 
a Bild Reariadein ~~ | 37/000 f° TATS 
A ditto 24,250 A Duich ditto GyA5O 
A French ditto 12,000 A Russian ditto 4,740 
An Frglish Commander 12,011 A United States ditto 4,019 
A dito 17,200 A Fronch ditto 4.200 
A Russian dito 10,920 (French Journal.) 

rey 

: PRUSSIA. 
NAPOLDON IN DERLIN. 


tsar Prat sd had evacuated Berlin, 
affairs was carried on ‘hack by Prince Hately noe of tha dater of whews otter 


- 


PORRIGN MISCELLANY. 89 
‘was to dispatch a daily report to the King so long as the communications 


"At noon on the 24th of October, the French edvanced-guard entered Berlin, 
and the next day was followed by the corps of Marshal Davoust; and on Sun- 
day, the 26th, a deputation went to Potsdam, to compliment Napoleon on his 
arrival there. " Prince Hatzfeldt was at the head of this deputation, and was re- 
ceived, as is said on such occasions, “very graciously.” In the evening of the 
same day the Emperor went to Charlottenburg, and at four o'clock in the after- 
noon of the 27th, made his public entry into Berlin. 

‘At the Brandenburg gate he was received by a deputation of the Chief Ma- 
gistraes, who came to present him with the keys of the city without deigning 
to honour them with a look, he rushed by, and they were told to follow him to 
the palace; there Napoleon recived Prince Hatzfldt with great eoldoess, and 

ly told him that he did not require his services. Astonished at this reception, 
the Prince went home, and sought in vain the key of his house ; the next day an 
Officer of the gendarmerie waited upon him with an arrest, and conducted him 
‘on foot to the palace guard-house. The Princess, ignorant of the cause of this 
arrest, hurried to the palace of the Princess Ferdinand, and there received from 
her husband a note written in pencil, mentioning what had occurred, and be- 
seeching her to go herself to the Emperor. She flew to the palace, and found 
that Napoleon had ridden out to inspect the troops of Davoust. One of the 
royal servants who knew her, told her that Duroc was at home, and conducted 
ber to him ; she was most kindly received, and Duroc had the Prince brought 
from the guard-houze into his own room, at the same time promising to take an 
opportunity of speaking to Napoleon, whose retar being jus at this moment 
announced by the drums, he had only time to lead the Princess to a place which 
‘the Emperor must pass, and went to meet his master. 

‘When Napoleon approached the Princess, he inquired her name, and imme- 
diately ordered M. de Seyur to conduct her to Marshal Berthier, but she had 
only been there a few minutes when he sent for her. ‘The antichamber was filled 
with officers of the Emperor's suite; beyond this were yet two apartments to 
cross before she could reach Napoleon's cabinet. As she opened the door, he 
came towards her and said, “You tremble, Madam! approach, I am not so for- 
midable.” He then inquired after her family, &c. and conversed with her for 
more than half an hour upon all sorts of indifferent subjects ; at length the 
Princess reminded him of the object of her visit, upon which he asked her, whe- 
ther she knew the cause of her husband being arrested, she replied in the'n 
tive; he then rang for Berthier, from whom he demanded Prince Hatafeldt’s 
letter. “You shall judge yourself, Madam,” said he: “if this letter is your 
husband’s, he is guilty ; if not, 1 will give you ssible satisfaction.” “The 
Princess, having looked at the letter, answered, “The hand-writing is certainly 
that of my husband, but he is a man of honour, ell known,—he can have 
written nothing that could compromise him ; let him be called, Site, and he will 
justify himself.” Upon this, Napoleon took the letter, folded it, and returned it, 
10 the Princess with these words, “ Here, take the letter, and then I shall possess 
no proof against your busband—lend him home, he’ is free!” Here ended 
the farce which, probably to increase the effect, appeared to have been first ur- 
ranged as a drama. On Thursday the 30th of October, the following article, in 
German and French, appeared in the Berliner Zeitung. 

“The day before yesterday (28th inst.) Prince Hatafeldt was arrested, in con 
sequence of having given written information to Prince Uohenlohe of the move- 
ments and positions of the French army : the letter which contained this intel- 
ligence was written by the Prince himself, but it was intercepted and laid 
before his Majesty the Emperor, ‘The wife of Prince Hatafeldt flew, therefore, 
to the Palace, and on her knees implored from his Majesty her husband’s par- 
don. The Emperor was gracious enough to lay the letter before her, and she 
could not help acknowledging the hand-writing of the Prince. ‘ See, now, 
Madam,’ said the Emperor, ‘and judge yourself whether your husband is 
guilty.” However, as the Emperor is ever gracious and magnanimous, even 




















90 FOREIGN MISURLLANY- 
Sa eas ha, reseel the Princess the letter, and pardoned the 


"Pat what il (is ofl lee costin which ould make 1 30 aria 
a 2 The reader ‘himself judge. Here follows the whole 
ae ne te Entel Tah anita ; 


cae Sen Oe ate, BAP. 
attached to the General Suit, 
the 

‘bot the completion of ir, after the im wot Which he has received, 


and that in my opinion be might with still greater reasoa return, 
‘under existing citcaustances, the remaining, bridges are necessary for 

the provisioning of Berlin. Lieut, Brawn has Ine to mention Ehis to 
your Laccordingy do so.” kuow nothing official of the French anayyex- 
shat Kom yesterday a ui, signed, D’Avlune,” elves 1 the 


,  L haye tho honour to be, kc, 
“ Lbeg of you not to answer me. “ Prince vox Harerkior. 


“To Major v. d. Knesebeck.” 
‘This Vetter was written and sent off, as the date shows, seven hours before the 
ar coc Tha Bealigrive comrnlog thelr ore wldeh fe aepato~ 
was that it could compromise no one; on the contrary, 
Se ei anil ae sil the inforseion be 
ah this duty eid not cease until they hnd 
Shure Bari, &e ‘&o. \CAlniéged from the Mititair Wichendlatt, of Vath Nov. 


AUSTRIA. 
negcalrrioy of TAS MILIraBY) DAENDINO STUDS OR AUSTALgS 


ae annual expense of both establishments amounts 
alfa million of florins (about 125,001.) The administration of both is en= 
tiroly mititary, and the Whole ig undue the direction of Connt 

de stud as moeived ie Aiatinetion of Im= 


time charged with the resting af young horses that service. 
Previous to 1602, the pri im Tiangaran, 
io that and the following years, the establishment 
was increased by # considerable import sf) Moctlen stil 
Tom, and Moldavian horses of both 


Count de the present Isapecio rpdaoesaor, caucered the xiciectot 

Hecseatiog tha etablishinoct bo aul an extent, as to render is production ‘alone 

spbele reson Oe wala * eee 
made ev at deliver so great ber of mares, Uh 
Seance ara 


de ‘not sel hey sono 
ls Eas which was goon evident. Lis exertions, and’ those 


FOREIGN MISCELLANY. By 


‘of Major Francis Tavera, and the officers under his orders, have now dissipated 
all apprehensions for the fate of the establishment, The system followed by 
these different studs-and depdts is as follows. ‘The studs are intended, first, to 

oduce horses and mares sufficient to support the establishment itself by 

luction; and secondly, horses for the depots. ‘The different produce is divid- 
ed into five classes; the first are producers; the second, horses fit for the de- 
Pots; third, those not suited for the depdts,—these are every year sold by auc- 
tion as country sires; fourth, those fit to remount the cavalry; and fifth, those 
intended to be east.’ The depdts of stallions were originally intended for the 
Production of horses for the army alone; this object has, however, been far ex- 
ceeded, and they now serve to benefit all the neighbouring provinces. 

"The establishment at Mezoehegyts is situated in a plata of 70,000 French 
‘acres in extent, which is separated into four principal divisions, and these are 
again subdivided. Each division is under the direction of a Squadron Chief, 
under whom is a Lieutenant, charged with the superintendence of a subdivision, 
near which he is obliged to live. The total number of horses, of all descrip- 
tions, at this establishment, amounted in the foregoing year to 2846. 

In the purchase of stallions, efforts are made to procure those of the Lipitzan 
and Cladrup breeds. ‘The Arabian and Norman horses, which the army brought 
from France in 1814 and 1815, have tended much to restore the establishment. 
‘The repeated purchases of Arabian horses and mares show that the Arab blood 
is adopted as the first principle of reproduction, and that by judicious selections 
in the crossing, a stronger and larger product than the original breed is ob- 
tained. 

In the beginning of April the horses are turned into the pastures, receivi 
dry ‘ood ibe grass is not sufficiently grown, and having de powet of taking 
shelter from bad weather in sheds appropriated to that 3. two Csikos 
(horse-keepers) are constantly in attendance upon each acetone) one is al- 
‘ways on horseback, and their horses are rarely unsaddled during summer. In 
winter the horses are all exercised twice a day, for two hours each time, at a 
walk. All the officers, and the greater part of the non-commissioned officers 
who are attached to the establishment, are taken from different cavalry regi- 
iments. “Among the men; the Bohewilive are tonddesel the best grooms, the 
Hungarians the best Csikos, and the Hungarians and Poles the best horsemen, 
‘The officers of both studs and depots are much favoured in point of pay; besides 
the regular pay of their rank, each has a comfortable house, and one and a half 

- silver florins daily (about three and fourpence) extra ; each soldier has nine kreutz- 
ers, (about fourpence half-penny) besides lodging and two pound of bread daily. 
‘They are all well clothed ; thase attached to the Hungarian studs wear the 
uniform of the Hussars, the others have uniforms of the same colour, with whi 
pantaloons and hats; the Critos wear long wide waistcoats of waterproof cloth, 
a large white cloak, a white pelisse, and high felt bonnets. 

It is expected, that in the course of four years this establishment will contain 
a total of 4000 horses of different deseriptions. (Abridged from the Journal des 
Haras, as copied into the Bulletin des Sciences Militaires, for September, 1829. 


RUSSIA. 


AA new Corps called the corps of Circassian, bas just been incorporated into 
the Imperial Guard; the ofticers are all of noble family, and from the Caucasian 
rovinces: the Emperor, accompanied by his young son, the hereditary Grand- 
uke, lately reviewed this corps, which, from the singularity of its arms and 
dress, attracted crowds of the curious from St. Petersburg. 

Ilig Majesty has permitted the regiment of Finland riflemen also to form part 
of his guard ; they will be placed in the young guard. 

‘The central school of Civil and Military Engineers, established by the Em= 
peror Paul at St. Petersburg, has just undergone a complete reorganization, and 
is henceforth destined to form officers of military engineers only, the professors 
being taken exclusively from officers of that corps. Those officers who have 
already obtained commissions, will be permitted to follow the courye of instruc 














FORKIGN MISCELLANY. 


retaining their pay ; they will be allowed lodgiogs,and will not be required 

f res aC wie td won 

; are fourtesn to ei 3 of axe, ve gi 

Teena prcteuatostae imerery te Cats ene fo be extirey ot tho c- 
the state—Spectateur Militaire, November £829. 
MONUMENT TO ALEXANDER I. 

is the intention of the present Emperor of Russia to erect a monument to 

Inte Broperor Alexander, It is to be a Doric pillar, resembling the coluran 

oft a ome: haf, formed of one block of ed gran 

four aad the whole moni 

the wil 


‘on 
inch the 
‘be one hundred und ee eed high, 90 that it will surpass 





similar monument, ancient or modern. 
pedoatal is to be covered with bronze, and adorned with ancient Russian 
anny, and Gi ond Russian trophiee, made out of cannon taken from the 


eck 
it-will bet the simplo inseription “To Alecander 
Geese oa sain et your ease” hs 


fe 


i 


orm op rus pirrensnr Bunopeax Powsns—The 
much of the relative inferiority of their mili 
other States, and the (lowing datale 


ip 
i 





' 





i 
z 











‘The of the French army amount 10 .£7,041,666 sterling, while that of 
she Praslan army are £3,250,000. Tue deuilu af dhe French mibiary eb 
‘Tent, as settled by the law of 1825, which is still in foree, are as follow -— 











93 


GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 
TO THE EDITOR OF THE UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL. 


Breaking the Line. 


Sun,—I_ beg leave to inclose for insertion in your Journal, two extracts 
from the Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, relative to the statement of Sir 
Howard Douglas in your Nov. Number, wherein he claims for his Father the 
honour of having first suggested the decisive operation of breaking the enemy's 
line on the ever glorious 12th April, 1782. 

Permit me to observe, that Sir Howard is rather late in the day in putting 
forth his Father's claim to this honour. As to the evidence with which he at- 
tempts to support ity I would remark, that he, has placed his fiends Capt 

wood and! Sir Joseph Yorke in rather an awkward situation, 

In conctusion, I will only say that I entirely concur in the sentiments quoted 
by Sir Howard fom his Fathers letters, severely reprobating all arumptions, 
whether vain or just, of persons claimant of credit, which, if not sufficiently re- 
Ported or acknowledged by the chief, should be deemed by the public to be 

jerogatory to his honour.” 
I am, Sir, your obedient servant, 
Vinpex. 
Junior U. S. Club. 


“ Tt happened to me to be present, and sitting next to Admiral Rodney at 
table, when the thought seemed first to occur to him of breaking the French 
line, by passing through it in the heat of the action. It was at Lord George 
Germaine’s house, at Stoneland, after dinner, when, having asked a number of 

juestions about the maneuvring of columns, and the effect of charging with 
thom. on a line of infantry, be procéeded to arremge a parcel of cherry stones, 
which he had collected from the table, and forming them as two fleets drawn u 
in line, and opposed to each other, he at once arrested our attention, which hi 
not been very generally engaged by his preparatory inquiries, by declaring he 
was determined so to pierce the enemy's line of battle, (arranging his mancuvre 
at the same time on the table,) if ever it was his fortune to bring them into ac- 
tion. I dare say this passed with some as mere rhapsody, and all scemed to 
regard it asa very perlous and doubtful experiment; but landsmen’s doubts 
and difficulties made no impression on the Admiral, who, having seized the 
idea, held it fast, and in his eager animated way, went on mancuvring his 
cherry stones, and throwing his enemy's representatives into such utter confi 
sion, that, already possessed of that victory in imagination which in reality he 
lived to gain, he concluded his process, by swearing, he would lay the French 
Admiral’s flag at his Sovereign's feet, a promise which he actually pledged to 
his Majesty in his closet, and faithfully and gloriously performed.” 

“That he carried this projected maneuvre into operation, and that the effect of 
it was successfully decisive, all the world knows. My friend Sir Charles Doug- 
las, Captain of the Fleet, confessed to me that he himself had been adverse to 
the experiment, and, in discussing it with the Admiral, had stated his objections; 
to these he got no other answer, but that ‘ his counsel was not called for; he 
required obedience only, he did not want advice’ Sir Charles also told ‘ine, 
that whilst the project was in operation, (the battle then raging,) his own atten- 
tion being occupied by the gallant defence made by the French Glorieux against 
the ships that were pouring their fire into her, upon his crying out, ‘ Behold, 
Sir George, the Greeks and Trojans contending for the body of Patroclus 1” 
the Admiral then pacing the quarter-deck in great agitation, pending the ex; 
riment of his mancuvre, (which in the instance of one shi¢ had unavoidably 
rmiscarried,) peevishly exclaimed,‘ D—n the Grecks and den the Trojans ; 1 
have other things to think of When in a few minutes after, is supporting 
ship having led through the French line in a gallant style, turning with a smile 
of joy to Sir Charles Douglas, he cried out, “Now, my dear friend, I am at the 








CORRESPONDENCE, 


Bod 

wervicw of ‘Grooks and Trojans, and the whole of Homer's Tlint, or a8 much 
al ‘the eneray is in confusion, and our vic ‘ig seoury.” 
it, Thad from that 


schous candor scored ta rob hla Admiral of one lef of hi 


apigeres 
aE 
il al 
5 a = 
$23 = 
i 
l 
iF 

: 

{ 

3 


j 


ing to the article in the Naval Chronicle, vol. 25, quoted by Sir 
ir Douglas (see our Number, for Nov. page 564), itis clear thathe wae not 
-of the extracts from the Memoirs Cumberland, ¥ 


ra 
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and 
expressed in several of is Fath 
aegis inruteseten Sethe i> 
‘and. proper principle of devolving the whole credit 
fy? an Mee 


n 
Ey 


: 
Hi 
A 


" aiberland satya, “to rob him of one 
Teaf of laurel, but that of attributing to him the sehele merit of the brilliant 
achicvement. We have always thought thai there is nothing in Mr. Cumber= 
Tand’s nocount hut what necosearily arose from the determination which Sir 
oe ey Spend time, 96s ry Toca thing to ee 
lightost degree, current ublic: Moe, ANd COnsequent 

eeidin eitayan ita ate nemce “ 

‘But the statement now put forth leade vs, beyond all sch traditional and 
‘conversational circumstances, to the facts of the case as brought forward by Sir 
‘Howard ; and these are not only proved by the testimony of persons now living, 
who were actually present on the occasion, and saw and beard what passed, but 
ane, moreover, corroborated by the actual ‘circumstances of fhe cpentions pro- 

to 


F 
= 
i 
. 
2 
Es 


it with good 
Injast Deed Potey Wonaght And Bat, eur opltions te heoemtte ol 
Patra ine tae tel tinted RADON Sornenendordn= 
reoe 
isn, must be given all the merit, in the event of suce 
failure, "Thoas St 


 OURUYR EEE 
eh 
HGe 
Eeaet i 
sities = 
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flit 
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CORRESPONDENCE. OB 


rogatory to Lord Rodney's reputation or services, unless it be contended that a 
chief should never listen to any advice or suggestions that may be offered in a 
moment of peculiar difficulty and promise by his chief executive assistant. ' 

Another Correspondent, A. C. C. seems to think that the deduction he draws 
from Mr. Cumberland’s Memoirs, conflicts only with the evidence of Sir Charles 
Dashwood ; but we must remark, that Sir Joseph Yorke completely corroborates 
the testimony of Sir George Rodney's other aide-de-camp. Some part of the 
« notes writien at the time” by Sir Joseph Yorke have been left out in the 
Statement, but enough is shown to establish the fact, that the suggestion came 
from Sir Charles Douglas in a proper, respectful manner; and we repeat that, 
unless these and other evidences, positive as well as circumstantial, be disproved 
or discredited, the case is settled; and no traditional circumstances, unsupported 
by fresh facts, can be admitted to shake the case which Sir Howard’s Statement 
thas so clearly made out. 





Indian Army. 

I apprehend the “ Old Mulleegatawny,” in your last Number, must 
have sipped his pepper-sater® on Choultry Plain, in the last century, and have 
Been reposing since on his bed of laurels, or roses, on the bauks of the Thames ; 
for no such allowances, or any equivalent for them, have been known in Bengal 
within the present century, or at least not since the year 1801, as, he has stated 
to exist at present, Our double full batta, formerly received in the Up 
Provinces, was abolished by the regulations of 1796 ; but an allowance in lien 
‘thereof was, by the local government of that day, continued under the head of 
« Vizier’s allowance,” or additional full batta, to the officers serving in the 
Vizier’s dominions ‘until 1801, when Lord Wellesley’s government abolished 
that allowance, and granted full batta at all the stations of the army, in lieu of 
half batta and quarters supplied by government at those stations where half batt 
and no quarters, but a contracted scale of house-rent in lieu of quarters, and 
watermen and sweepers, formerly furnished by the government, 1s now pre- 
seribed. There is much reason to believe that this equalization propensity, 
which has been pulling down the Bengal allowances, in many ways, since the 
commotions (to use no stronger term) in the Madras army in 1808-9, may still 
exercise a very sinister influence in the Divan of the twenty-four kings. 

Lord Combermere, in the generous spirit of true nobility, has said to his pre- 
sent superior in office, Lord W. Bentinck, if the principle of equalization must 
be enforced, raise the inferior to the superior level, since the latter is no more 
than is indispensably necessary for the comfort, health, and efficiency of the 
officers. 

But in fact there is very little or no such discrepancy in the allowances of 
officers, since, by the Court's orders of 1823, the regimental allowances at all 
the presidencies were equalized. The only sense, therefore, in which any differ- 
ence may exist, is not in the scale or amount of allowances, since, where full 
batta is allowed, all receive the same rate; but that there are still ‘some, per~ 
haps several of the home stations and garrisons, and in Madras and Bombay, 
where the officers receive only half batta, but therewith, have either quarters 
found them by Government, or house-rent in lieu thereof, as now prescribed for 
the named stations in Bengal. In a spirit of just and equitable legislation, the 








1 belive the derivation of this term i from Mullege, pepper (perhaps the Cayenne 
cor red Pepper) and tawny, water ; and the improved good mess, with the aid of a good 
old cock, oF piece of beef, known to Orientals as mulleegatawny, is from the poorer 
‘mess of the natives, who in failure of better fare, add a little pepper, turmeric, &c. to 
tender their rice somewhat more palatable. 

+ The abolition of which system in 1801, by the grant of full batta in lieu of quarters, 
produced a great saving of expense to Government.—See Liewi-Col. Bater's Mex 
morial. 








96 CORRESPONDENCH. 


and HMustrious Lord Ea 
whether it ly consistent with, 
to those officers now in the 
<i ti since 1801, (nearly the 
‘onl prorpeclire 
Sone 





1n,—Some months having elapsed since the return of his Majoaty’s sh 
sc om er voyage tothe Gra Odean egy epee rene 
advertisoment announeing the pubietion of Capt. Beochy’s narrative; 1 
Beige ay of yore Jors to inform me, if we are soon te be 
al a appearance, in’ of the enterprising Captain's account of hic 


ik there can be no poet Wo prevent the Wey from enjoying the 
gratification of ideally sailing over the wide oceatt traversed by ove 
navigators, and ak pentelpaig In thelr pleasures and tolls doting x0 long and 
Fess 


a] 


Some Trecollect, was manifested at the ‘back the ne~ 
count of ee 7s wip, oy season, patabiss of wie es a the 
short time. pears to form 4 work from; 
public oe Tae! see nba 





ik us cotter ot ity that the aocount of tle crungacti 
‘oeeur on such, occasions should Th least as @ courteous return for 


‘the expenditure of its money. 


2 
an 
Hi 
i 
af 
z 
Hes 
a 
ha 
3 
= 


canie to smy mind forcibly the other diy on mecting with a tant 
Seesna uss, aire 
tare nee tal a piers Parteys at New follaad, for a 
5 ate of s6ci King, nor am Tac 

but Lave Beard him spoken of by an 

at, Rio Jando, in he highest possible ferme 

‘as an officer a Dre gh gi 18 sentiment, he assured me, all who 


mentioning the names of those truly usoful officers who have so well merit= 

ed the thanks and gmtitude of this murtime kingdom by their aurreys, you 
‘omitted to name one, who has rendered moclt serview in that Tine by his lal 
‘on the “Tabsadon, 1 omen, Bz. Hptbrcok, Master and ‘Surveyor in the 
Navy ; thi ‘was, for years, Mastor of Sir J.T, Duckworth’s 
desrvediy esteemed that gallant Admiral, ax indeod be is so 
8 Cambrian, and is truly an admirable xpecimen of an 


is 
Twill arate of another officer of whom T have heard: Mr. T. Elson, 


t 
aT ea ne Mares se ‘am told, a8 an officer und sea- 


Awsneat. 


— 


CORRESPONDENCE. a 


Savings Banks. 


+ Srm,—There is no act of the tate Mr. Rove which has impressed upou the 
minds of his fellow countrymen an opinion of his sagacity and political wisdom 
more than the establishment of Savings Banks, which originated with him ; and 
T have no doubt it was his intenuon and desire, that the members of the naval 
ion, {of which he himself was at one time a member) whose incomes were 
imited, should have the benefit of the institution: indeed, until the late altera- 
tions in the rules, tbey fully participated in the advantage arising from deposits 
in these banks ; but since the new rules have come into operation, officers 

either of the Army or Navy are excluded. 

According to the 2ist class of persons admitted to the benefits of the institu- 
tion, it appears that those who are not engaged in business, and having an ine 
‘come not exceeding one hundred pounds per annum, arc eligible yet a friend of 
mine, a Lieutenant in the Navy, on presenting himself at a Savings Bank for the 

pose of depositing some money, (which he had often done at the same bank 

the alteration in the rules) was informed that he could not do xo, as he 
appearing to be a gentleman, did not come under the denomination of those per 
sons admitted to the benefit of the institution. Now, Sir, as you are a friend to 
the two services, it iy hoped that you will, as Editor of the UVuited Service Jour- 
nal, advocate their cause, as connected with the above subject ; and sure [ain 
that it only requires to be placed in a proper light before thoxe who have the 
power to do justice to that class of his Majesty's dutiful subjects, to be set right. 

According to the 12th, 16th, and 17th classes of adimtted perwns, travellers, 
clerks, shopmen, and warehousemen, revenue officers, clergymen, and dissenting 
ministers, masters of day-schools, and teachers, whose income does not exceed 
one hundred and fifty pounds per annum,” are permitted to make deposits ; yet 
Naval and Military officers, with incomes under that sum, are excluded ! We 
may ask, have their services to the state been yo unimportant, as not to entitle 
them tothe same indulgences othe above clases of hit Majety's wubjects? 

ustiera. 












































Minor Punishments in the Army. 

Mn. Eprror,—I was so fortunate as not to pass unnoticed a letter signed 
Y. A. in your Number for August, which induced me to refer back to your June 
Number for the former letter from the same writer, which had excaped my pre- 
vious observation. 

The subject upon which those letters treat, is of such vital importance to every 
officer who is likely to have any command, (even though it should be only that 
of a detachment for a short period,) and involves so deeply the feelings und chine 
racters of the officers of the army generally, that for the: sake of promoting the 
important object which the writer seems to have had in view, Fam induced to 
urge you most earnestly to republish both those letters together in the first Num 
ber of your next Volume. 








T have the honour to remain, Sir, 
Your most obedient humble servant, 
oO. RR. 


‘Malta, 20th Oct. 1829, 


ion of our 






*,? We should have great pleasure in complying with the sugge 
Correspondent O. R. could we afford the spact reqptisite for the 
of the sensible letters referred to ; 0. Ik.’s remarks, will, however, hit 
of calling attention to them, and of po out their situation in our pages. A 
reference to the Circular of the 22d of Diet. 1824, averted Num 
ber, will prove that the subject in question has not 
tion of the highest authority. 

















U.S. Jovay. No. 13. Jay. 1850. “ 


98 CORK ESPON DENCE. 


Second Masters in the Navy. 


‘Sin,—hi is very wurprisi although there are some ations in the 
Hava Bezvice “Said dh ei does ae in the 
pores ion of its ibly requisite, so little atention 
is paid to ther in the nen Vines tin yao he rr 
ever ued ye A Admiralty, ve now two distinct classes of 
5 one, entering the first class, which after 
six service mpthag vcigibte — rank of Lieutenait; the other, or se- 
cond class, eligible, alter five years, forthe situation of Second Master. Now, 
what I want to ‘outas so peculiarly absurd i ity that although, by the Neral 
Renae borer tanding, rank with the Junior Lieutenants 
in the navy, the fecal ante (the grade immiditly below Maser) taka 
‘of all Mi whe have passed their examination 
‘Licutenants, aoa ‘ee themselves eligible to command all Mas- 
ters, for which situation these Second Masters have probably not yet passed 
their examination. Perhaps you, Sit, or some of your correspendents, can in~ 
form mo wliy a thin, after ve years! service, is better able to take comninand of 
‘vahip, than one whe has served sx, ar sisteen, or nisteen for 0 T blush to say, 
ivie no uncommon thing to meet gentlemen of such long’ standing, tnt uP an 
Dlemishel character, Game who Lave fought and been even wounded | in the 
last war,) serving actually under the command of one of thexe sling Sond 
‘Masters, of scarcely six years’ standing in the navy, and some from the Merchant 
Seevice of still loss. It has been sometimes urged that Second Mastere are ge- 
eae fexperienced than Mates: but this it almost im- 





web has existed some tie, T wl next seit Lace p 
remarks on this claus of Masters, wich you will find, ina great measure, 0 
‘with general opinion. 


‘Your cheat ‘ble servant, 
London, October 7th, 1829. © Onseivaron, 
Chronometers. 

Sr,—T i acknowledge, that I was not aware of the arrangement relative 
to the supply of meters; mentioned in your number for November, by Ve- 
ites 5 itis ing that can be desired. afew ares 
Lconceive or to ta having taken lacy sree Preece: Wag 

with one, by the Agent resident ut of one of the sietpal 


aaa dy this called my uttention to the subject. Veritas mistal 
mo, if be thinks Tam actuated by @ spirit peitabe ee ye ae Father 
by @ desire to add my mito to the publie weal;—our se le! 
Your ol wes ee 





Macintosh's Waterproof Cloth. 


Srn,—In the Eleventh Number of your valuable peri 
observe are the notice of Ne. Co bs sais orbs eine 
tering mention made of our Saprean 


opinion tat ihe Indian Raters vin ren malta ol wapunine, be- 
highly inflammable,’ tn ohiersation, fm from a quarter possessing the 
uthority ira Tatil ae eosnenieer e oais ee ue 
article, and we therefore take an carly opportunity of assuring you tl 


CORRESPONDENCE. 99 


‘essential to the efficacy of the manufacturer, whether for resisting wet or retain- 
ing air, that the solvent be entirely evaporated befor the water-proof or air-tight 
ree are used, and that their spontaneous ignition ia not to be apprehended 
under any circumstances. We have the honour to be, Sir, 
‘Your very humble servant, 
C. Maciwrosu & Co. 
P.S, Naptha is exclusively used for the articles manufactured here. 
Manchester, 12th Dec. 1829. 





Pensions to Widows of Naval Officers. 


Srr,—Having just noticed the amount of Pension granted to the Widow of the 
late Capt. Bathurst, I am led to ask, why the same allowance has not been made 
to her as that usually given to Widows of Officers of the corresponding rank? 
A reference to the list of Pensions will at once show the difference between this 
Fiash ga that hich the widows of Brigadier Generals who bave fallen at the 

‘of their brigades have received ; for it must be recollected that the late la- 
mented Captain of the Genoa bore a Commodore's pendant at the moment he 
fell, and as such ranked as Brigadier-General. Independent of which, he had 
been above twenty-five yearn of the rank of ull Cobeel, and was neatly atthe 
top of the list of Post-Captains ; and farther, that he was the secoud in command 

‘the British squadron. Far be it from my intention to complain of the amount 
bestowed on our brave military defenders ; but it would be but just that the 
same liberal remuneration should extend to those of Naval men who lose their 
lives in action against the enemy. It is my humble opinion that tie widows 
and children of officers, of all Fanks, who fall in the feld of battle, should be 
entitled to the same pension as their husbands would have received, had they 
survived the contest with the loss of a limb only. More than a century ago, the 
widow of a captain of a frigate,* who fell in action with a frigate of France, 
had £500 a year granted to her and £50 to each of her daughters! It rarely oc- 
curs that our admirals and captains breathe their last on the deck where the 
have so heroically commanded, but when this event does take place, I am confi- 
dent that their country would cheerfully make ample provision for their fami- 
lies, and thus afford them real consolation. 


Employment of Half-pay Officers on the Recruiting Service. 


Sir,—It has long been a desideratum with the powers that be, to economize ; 
I, therefore, taking you for a channel through which ideas may be conveyed to 
the above powers, beg you to insert the following, in hopes that it may come be- 
fore them, as 1 think it a feasible plan, and wonder it has pot occurred to 
others as well as to myself. 

On looking over the Army List, I perceive no less than forty regimental offi- 
cers employed on the reeruiting service, in different parts of England, Ireland, 
and Scotland : uow, it strikes me forcibly, that half-pay Officers could’ perform 
this duty full as well, and many would be happy to do it, and be content with 
the allowances at present granted, in addition to their half-pay, by which means 
the duties of so many Olficers would be saved to their respective regiments, 
and some of the dead weight employed without any additional expense to the 
nation ; at the same time adding something to the comfort of the half-pay, 
as he would get an allowance for lodging, fuel, and what is generally allowed 
for recruits, &e. 

Your obedient servant, 
‘ARTILLERO. 








* Capt. Courtenay (I believe of the Boston). 
u2 





100 RDITOR’S PORTROLIO. 


inc " “J. M." on Atbucra. 
,° Our correspondent J. M."" in bis othorwise intelligent lettor on Albu- 
620 of our Norerhber nsuiber, hu comalted en error fa 
overthrown”? on that occasion 


Sotlag tia sae er 
Sins of ch » On eta ecae 


ay anne loss. “J. M's" 
conclusions should have been drawn from the sur ‘the Polish Lancers of 
soley Gtalk Sabet Seal cob division, whieh had 
segnies dovmlirghetrspoemect thrid ore hata 
_sobly supported and relieved 0 min 
fakes reeyacrs the faeens of 9 M.” are i We have reason to 
‘eoe-tt Co. ua with his commentator * J. M.” in the argument of 
‘tho lntrer, that the commanders generally weew ignorant of the “ 


operations,” or highest order of tactics; but the gallant Colonel's eriticisms, it 
would eee ‘him no farther than ohne calls them forth, 
bale Aittle firalt with Ney, (igh gochey ee bien aoe he 


‘buckram—but we ‘sccess< 
fully iastated srariby On elon Mencia Caen 


THE EDITOR'S TOFLEOH, 

Usrtep Suavice Musnux.—We are nuthorized to smesting, 
soraponed of Offers of bth Sarvises, wns held on the 160 ice No 
Suredte adopt ensures for the ‘sablidhment of United fusgam. 
Jor-Gen. Sir Howard Dougias presided ; and Sir Herbert Taylor, having, at Fiest 
‘Aido-de-Camp of tho King, announced his Majesty's moat gracious and entire 
approbation of such an [1 i Toads priest’ were Se entered into for 
caning the projet a offeet. tot being yet in a shape suf 

i for publication, we ean gees at present state, ee 
scale of ebocriptigun adopted B'ufolignae = 


a. 
For Oficars of both Sarvieea under Wi mk of Cpinin in the isa? 

‘per anim: a f .010 0 

oO 

ry 


,- ae Cay ow 
ce teen Sqratet with the tomspondinganks in tho Navy 0 
Ofticers above the rank af Colonel + 200 
isiona} Committee was pee ‘Sir Barend Douglas bonsented 
to act as Chairman, and Commander Henry Downes, RN. having been appointed 
Ragen and empowered to receive subscriptions, the Officers present individu- 
speed spoons to the above scale, and the Secretary will continue to 
mene aubscript contributions, at his apartments, No. 4, it Street. 
ot Renee to the Chairman, to Sir Herbert Taylor, and toCapt. hand 
Geareeter Downes, .N, who had liberally contributed their private Col 
Musourn, 
Another of which due notice will be given, for the definitive orgnniza- 
i tithe Une Sos Best pope be ld ah pean th 


Angier ere sere eee 


Newny eee ae x Tice bie oP eaeieg Tas been 
Antely found in the Silver Kay Passage (one which, al- 
though lying in s0 frequented a part, appears hitherto to have el = peels 


* 





EDITOR'S PORTFOLIO. 101 


A merchant brig, the Augusta, from Port Plate (in Cuba) to Liverpool, struck on 
it, and received so much damage as caused her to be condemned in uence. 
‘The Master states it to lie fifteen miles N.W. of the Silver Kays, which will place 
it in Lat, 20° 41° N, and Long. 70° 10’ W. nearly in the middle of the channel. 

It is worthy of remark that some old Spanish charts notice some rocks nearly in 
the abore situation, under the name of the “ Three Kays;” bat from some neglect, 
‘and lapse of time, they seem to have altogether escaped the notice of chart-makers. 

Entuance ov tux Taawes.—Sholtenden Windmill, on the Coast of Kent, a 
very valuable mark in the navigation of the entrance of the River Thames, bas 
been reported by the Trinity House to be taking down. It is with much satisfac 
tion we are enabled to announce that it will be immediately rebuilt, 

Coast or tax Unite States.—The Light-vessel formerly stationed off New 
York, is now moored off the Capes of Detawane, on the S.W. edge of the five 
fathom bank, in seven and e-half fathoms water; Cape May Lighthouse beari 
N. 69 20’ W. distant fifteen and a-quarter miles; the centre of the shoalest groun 
on which is found fourteen feet water, bears N. 28° E. from the Light-vessel dis- 
tant two and three-quarters miles. It extends N. by E. 4 E. and S. by W. 4 W. 

wuarters of a mile; and is half-a-mile in breadth, and very bold on its eastern 
edge, as there are twelve fathoms half-a-mile to the eastward of the shoal-water. 
Vessels coming from the northward should not run for the Light-vessel while bear- 
ing between N. 14° E. and N. 41° E. Ina S.E. direction, three-quarters of a mile 
from the Light-vessel, there are five fathoms water. 

Srrox or Buvntrone.—Captain Creighton, of the 11th Light Dragoons, has 
just published a Narrative of the Siege and Capture of Bhurtpore, at which he had 

’imself the good fortune to be present and personally distinguished. It is an in~ 
teresting and complete account; and we only await some expected details of ope- 
rations connected with the siege to notice the subject more at length. 

Howonany Distixctioxs.—Abstact of officers to whom his Majesty has 
gtanted honorary distinctions, (crosses, medals, and clasps,) in commemoration 
of their services, in various batiles or actions, from Maida, 1806, to Toulouse, 
1814. 







































te | 
| s 3 

3 3 

| 5 a 1914 
Hela (3) 2)8 
Field-Marshal 5. —|—|-|-|] 1 
Generals . 2. - 12 —| 3 /-|—| ts 
Licut-Gencrals | 52 1 fi). 35° =} = | a0 
| a a 6| 22 |/—| — | 101 
66 12 4] 22 |—| — | toa 
| 108 23 4{ 44 | 1] 30 | 910 
Majors. 26 - 9} 18 | 13 | 66 
| Captains | 14 —|1t Sal cle 
Lieutenants 1 — /|1 2 Neo _ 4 
Toul . . } aot! 38 | 251197 | 1| 54 | 596 





¥BNote.—Many officers to whom these distinctions were appropriate, for some of the 
earliest actions, died, or were killed in other actions, before the general arrangement was 
made for conferring the distinctions, and are not included above. 















5582292 
abgee32 


sgE5855 
SESE E52 


BEEP EEE 


YEARS. 





103 | 
| AVSKCOMAR OFVRY OF THE SINEFRENTE CENTURY. 





| 2 lena 
_ *|8222982 
— . )g892982 





LEAP YEAHS. 


in88 Hi 
Prat 


res Pal ABE 






























































aaa 
pul ia 
Lota un 
isle lll 
hewitt ee 

+ eile itn Ta 
~ |pvlaregletl tito 0p! 









GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, ke. 103 
‘Tar Pextnsvtan Metopres.—From the specimens we have seen and heard of 
this interesting Collection, which is on the eve of publication, we are to 


assure its Subscribers that the promise held out in its Prospectus will be fully rea- 
lized. The idea was an admirable one, and its execution, as far as we can judge, 
will meet the most sanguine expectations of those to whom romantic music is dear, 
and the word “Peninsula” a talisman of stirring associations. We may take this 
opportunity of coreting an omission with rennet tothe“ Spanish National Song,” 
inserted in our December number. It should have been observed that this spint- 
fed and Poetical Hymn was intended to form part of the « Peninsular Melodies,” 
—20, we hope, will  Riego’s Hymn,” of a similar character, inserted in a previous 
number. There was a trifling error in the printing of the National Song;” the 
third stanza should run thus : 
«The voice of our country 
Ts loud in despair 5 
She calls to her children— . 

She summons to‘ War!?* 

De. Lanpwen’s Caniser Cyctopapia—Histony ov Scoranp—The ex- 
treme utility ofa design wich as tat contemplated in the Work, of which the frst 
specimen is before 0, is too obvious as well as generally admitted to require any 
extended comment from us :—The question is only as to the comparative efficien 
of its execution—and here we have no hesitation in offering our unqualified testi- 
mony to the able and popular performance of the History of Scotland, by Sir Wal- 
er Scott. which forms the first portion of the undertaking. This important work 
is in most capable hands, and we shall look forward with well-founded expectation 
to the progressive birth of the series. 

Tae Fautry Ctassieat Linnany — Whatever Mr. Valpy undertakes is well 
conceived and ably executed. The “ Family Classical Library” is precisely such 
‘a work as might have been expected to originate with our most eminent classical 
printer and proprietor; and is calculated to constitute an extremely useful compe 
ion to the other popular publications on a similar plan in different branches of 
knowledge. In the present work, it is proposed to give a series of the most ap- 

roved Translations of the principal Greek and Latin Authors, and the First Vo- 
Fame, now before us, contains a portion of the Orations of Dersosthenes, os trane- 
lated by Dr. Leland, and preceded by a Biographical Sketch of the Athenian Ora- 
tor. ‘The work is beautifully printed: well arranged, and io a very neat and conve 
ient form, 

Tux Companton to THE ALMANack.—We can recommend this volume, as per 
fectly adapted to its object. It furnishes, in a compressed form, a great mass of 
appropriate and useful information ; comprehending also some matters, which are 
even curious and scientific 














GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &c. 
TO THE ARMY. 


cincuLaR. 
Horse Guards, Sept. 24th, 1829. 
‘Mewonanpus.—With reference to Arti- 
cle 16th of the Regulations of the 8th of 
December last, for the Service and Reserve 
Companies of Regiments on Foreign Sta- 
tions, the General Commanding-in-Chief is 
ased to direct, that the Regiments serving 
in Tropical Climates, shall not enlist any 
Recruits under the age of twenty years ; and 
that, in consideration of such restriction as to 
those regiments (excepting the Cavalry) 
Sheil be: permitied to take recruits of 1 


height of fire fers inches, beg one ach 
under the general standard. 

‘An extract of the article above alluded te 
regarding the selection of men to be sent out 
to regiments in tropical climates is annexed ; 
and Commanding Officersof Regiments and 
Depéts, and Officers employed on the Re- 
cruiting Service, are enjoined to use the 
utmost vigilance in judying the age of such 
recruits as offer theinselves, so as to prevont 
the introduction into the service of any under 
the prescribed age. 

Ry General Lord Hill’s command, 
H, Tavton, Adj. 











104 GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &e. 





iets of rh 

enw te con ted in the salectiva.” rns sie yo 

vcrnte ersge ist, sell during pei of et 
oth Oct 1899. Hour forancnts seniond ih ethos 


gaia forme enjoy their pensions it 
ng subjected to the ineoavenience of 
0d son appa ae Le fre 
the army medical board. 

legal opi- ‘T have the hanour to be, Sir, 
‘Your most oberiient humble servant, 


ft di. Hanppyex. 
‘Olier Cougnening aN 
pment 


Ue 
iF 
i 
Fa 
# 


fig 
4 fos 
He 
I 
4 ab 3 
Hie 
Hee 


thal the inakoeper fs brand te provide scx “ 
commodation in his own hover forthe oth. WAnnAST Rncoraror fat bear oh ae 
: W098 ASD ALLOWANCES 10 OFP 
he does not “tsimnself from the peoal- © » jy ices Yoh" 
foment Alutny Rete ste Sax Feces YOR wove muctiy- 
© Givoncs 





a 
yet! rf a 
at rea any Cour at Weds, 
Saker year ee thy of November, ithe tenth your of Our 
ge eo SU a ign. his Ms a U 
tect resis or es eee, taal at Pre 
all characterise the | officer REGULATION. © 
‘Wat Tf an officer ehall reodive a wound in 
Ten, Gentsorn, - the low ofan 


‘seeeive ‘the 
> tose of | he reeeive 
Treaties sie eaganpemor ener 


GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &c. 


‘of the regimental rank, or staff appointment 
held by him at the time he was wounded. 
2nd. Tt an officer shall be wounded in 
action, and it shall appear upon an inspec- 
fie toads of hie by « baad of weny wont 
cal officers, assembled by order of the Secre- 
tary at War, that such officer has, in conse- 
quence of his wound, lost a limb, or an eye, 
or has totally lost the use of a limb, or that 
he has sustained a severe injury in actin, 

ly equal, in every respect, to the loss of a 
Timb, he may be recommended to his Ma- 
Jesty for a pension at the rate fixed in the 
‘annexed seale, for the rank held by him 
when he was’ wounded, and commencing 

year after the wound was received : the 
continuance of which shall depend upon 
‘subsequent examinations before the military 
medical board. 

3d. If the officer shall have lost more 
than one limb, or eye, he may be recom- 
mended for a pension for each limb, or eye, 
0 lost in action. 

4th. If the wound received by an officer 
in action shall be s0 severe in its permanent 
effects, a8 to be nearly equal, but aot fully 
equal, to the loss of a limb, such officer may 
be recommended for a gratuity of eighteen 
months’ full pay of his regimental rank, or 
Salf appointment held by him when wound 
ed, fn which case no pension shall at any 
subsequent time be granted to him under 
this regulation. 

bth. If any wound received in action shall 
be certified to be severe and dangerous, but 
in its permanent effects not equal to the loss 
of a limb, the officer receiving such wound 
may, in consideration of the expense attend- 
ing the cure thereof, receive a gratuity, vary- 
ing according to the nature of the case, from 
three to twelve months’ full pay of the regi- 
mental rank, or staff appointment held by 
him at the time he was wounded. 

Sth. IF an oficr shall have held a pen 
sion for a wound received in action for a 
term of five years, and shall have been exa- 
mined, twice at the least, before a Board of 
army medical officers, le may be recom- 
mended for the permanent continuance of 
such pension ; but if the officer, before the 
expiration of the term of five years, shall 
have $0 far recovered, that his wound, or 
jury is not fully equal to the loss of a limb, 
then he shall cease to receive such pension, 
and shall have a gratuity of full pay accord- 
ing to the degree of his injury, as laid down 
in Article 

















vithin the period of five yearsafter 
a. wound Ins Been received, an ier docs 
not apply for the pension, or, applying for 
it, the wound shall not have been proved to 
be fully and permanently equal to the loss 
of a limb, such officer's claim to a pension 


105 


shall not, at any sul juent peri an. 
é iy subsequent period, be « 


th; No gratsity, or allowance for eny 
wound, shall be granted after the lapse of 
five years from the time the wound was re- 
ceived. 

‘9th. No pension for the loss of one eye, 
from a wound received in action, shall be 
granted, unless the actual loss of vision shall 
have occurred within five-years after the 
wound was received, and be solely attribut- 
able to such wound. cai Fale te 

10th. As a general rule, the pension 
shall be granted according to regimental 
rank ; but in cases in which officers with 
brevet rank shall have been employed at the 
time they were wounded, in discharge of 
duties superior to those attached to their re- 
gimental commissions, the pensions shall be 
given according to the brevet rank. 

11th. These. pensions being granted as a 
compensation for the permanent disability 
sustained by wounds received in action, 
be held together with any other pay and af- 
lowances to which an officer may be enti- 
tled, without any deduction on account 
thereof. 


Hexry Hanpivor. 


SCALE REFERRED TO IN THE “PRECEDING 
‘REGULATION. 


Ranks. Rates of 
Tobe 

Field-Marshal, General, or Lieu- { , 7°, 
tenant-General Commanding. *Pecially 


m-Chief at the time. 


Lieutenant-General 
Major-General; or ‘Brigadier: 
General Commanding @ Bri. 
AB. ys ac eae 1 
Colonel» 2 ee ee 
Lieutenant-Colonel . 
*Adjutant-General .. 






Quarter-Master-General . 
*Deputy-Adjutant-General, if} 900 
Chief of the Department |. 





“*Deputy-<Quarter-Master-Gene- 
ral,ifdito . 2. ee 
Inspector of Hospitals... « 
Major-Commanding » . . 
Major... 7 
‘Deputy-Adjutant- 
*Deputy-Quarter-Master-Gene- 
rb. 





Deputy-Inspector of Hospitals. | 
nh 


gaptnin ss ese nn 
*Assintant-Adjutant-General « 





* Deputy - Assistant - Adjutant - 
General... ee 
* Assistant - Quarter - Master-Ge- 
neral 
* Deputy 
Master 








Assistant - Quarter 
ener. 





Y agian 





100° 


mw 


erncitan 
‘War-Obce, 21st Nov. 1629, 
oieyz tne the houour to se hese 


ie Of 
yah eaten ath tui hence 
the future the Pensions and 


rules, orders, and rogulations whieh 
ccompany the warrant are te persed al 
apa, and regulations on the 


‘Tho instrnetions for the regimens 
elect eae 
taining rovised form» of attestation and dis- 
will be forwarded. in the eourve of a 
few: 
T have the honour tobe, Sit, 
Your meat obediont, bumble servant, 


Officer sea B Hacgee. 
coven ok 


GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, Se. 


cpabtacetranttosrrees 


certain 
a Seen oF lied 


ee ‘Ontos, nd 





are Oa fat further Wil aed Pleasant te- 
serve and continuo to all Non-Commnitaion- 
ed Officors and liers enliated before the 





oll ag all other Persons 
it may in any wise concern, shall strictly 
observe aud obey this Our Warrant aad the 
lations wonexod to it. 
ven at OurCourt at Windsor, thik 24th 


day af Novant, 189, 1 the, Teo Yee 
of Our Reign, 
i Majesty's Command, 
tant Haxpiwor. 
NKOUEATIONNS 


1 All ot someiyauned ober 





ers enllited ad peroty wo The 1 ie 
December, 1820, shal, as megane heir ght 
to claims Pensions for service and wo 
remain entitled to every beneit or proviaio 
which they can at promt claim undor any 
warrants oF whieh were jn force 
at the time of their enlistment ; but the fol» 
iy Rules andl ‘only sball be 





mete Disabilities contracted in the 
Servi rs" 
Chass, wa, Diath conc to the 





wa Feua coke an a wate of ighasa in 
* 7th Oct 1806. 20th Juno, 1812. 
T8HG) 19th 





th, 
‘28th Fob. 1914. 25th March, 
Deo 1015. U6thy Fel. 1018. 26th Maret, 
1822; 28th July, 1824, 19th Aug. 1829. 
db Nov. 1826, 


GENERAL ORDERS, OIRCULARS, &c. 


discharge, either with or without @ peasion, 
after any period of service, however long. 

4. No soldier, when discharged, vhall be 
allowed a pension for length of service alone, 
a he shall have served twenty-four com: 

te years in the cavalry, or twenty-one 
years in the infantry ; but when discharged 
‘fer those periods of service, he may be al- 
lowed a pension, not exceeding the under- 
mentioued rates : viz. rivate, 





‘After Years Rates ~ 


‘of Service. per Diem. 


1d. 
Uf discha 4 10 

Sees 

the Public Ser- 

vice. Infety{o5 1 2 
Uf discharged (Cavalry 24 0 10 

pe own Te) Infantry 21 0 10 
‘5. Ifa soldier shall be discharged on re- 


duction or disbandment of his corps after a 
service of fourteen years, but under twenty- 
four in the’ cavalry, or twenty-one 

in the infantry, he may, at the dis- 
‘cretion of the Commissioners, be allowed 
the gratuity specified in article’ 46 of these 
regulations ; and shall be eligible to re-enter 
the service, according to the rule laid down 
in article 41. 


107 


6. Serjeants-major, quarter-master-ser- 
{jeants, troop-serjeants-major, colour-serjeents, 
‘erjeants, and corporals, shall have their pen- 
sions computed atthe tame rte a privates, 








with the following addition for every year of 
service as non-commissioned officers : viz. 
d. sd. 
Serjeant Major 24) 24 
Quarter-Master- | TotalPension 
Serjeants 2 }forservicenot}2 2 
Serjeants -. . 1 | to exceed 110 
Corporals . . Of. 14 


ided always that the non-commission- 

ed officer shall have served twenty-four years 
in the cavalry, or twenty-one years ia the 
infantry, and’shall have fischarged as 
2 non-commissioned officer, having served 
without interruption as guch forthe thre 
years immediatel ing his disc 
‘And no oon-cotmbeioned officer shall Fee 
ceive the aforesaid superior rates, if dis- 
charged whilst holding an inferior rank. 

‘The period, during which any soldier may 
have been employed as an acting lance-ser- 
jeant or corporal, shall not be allowed to 
reckon as non-commissioned officers’ service. 

‘A soldier, exchanging from cavalry to in- 
fantry, or from any regular service, shall 
reckon his service according to the regul 
applicable to the corps in which he may ba 
serving when discharged. 














2b Crass. 
WOUNDS RECEIVED IN ACTION. 
7. The daily rates of pensions for wounds or injuries received in action are to be go- 
verned by the Tules contained inthe following schedule viz. 





























First Degree. | Second Degree. | Third Degree. | Fourth Degree. 
‘Men losing two | 
mbs, or both 
eyes, from | Men able to 
wounds, or being Men rendered contribute 
so severely "| incapatle of | Men able to | materially 
RANK. _ | wounded as tobe, earning a liveli-| contribute ina | towards a 
totally ineapatle| hood, but not | small degree | livelihood, 
of earning a live- requiring the care| towards a | although unfit 
lihood, and to re-| of another | livelihood. | for the ordinary 
quire the assist. person. duties of the 
ance and care of vervice. 
sone other 
person 
From | To | From | To | From! To 
wd) ad [a dl s dla dl sn de 
Serjeant. .| 2 6/ 3 6| 2 0|/ 30/16 20 
Corporal | .| 20) 3 0/1 6) 20) 10/16 
Privte 2 :/ 16/20/10] 16) 09 10 

















8. In cases of severe wounds or injuries 
received in action, the pension shall be fixed, 
according to the rates im the foregoing sche- 
dule, by the Commissioners of Chelsea Hos- 


pital, who will grant the lowest or the high- 
est, of any intermediate rate, according to 
the degree of the injury received, the length 
of the soldier's previous service, his charac- 





GUNBRAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, Se. 





8 ts Cte ‘the oom fr ler dr emhoe 
7. iFexamined by thers. 

WERVICR, AFTER FOURTEEN yrange” Anne 12. In extreme canes of disability or in= 

pad jer ider fourteen years’ service, resulting 

«Any Hon-commitsioned officer oF sol- from military duty, ot the elfects of climate, 

fi fourtoon years’ servi pension of 6d, a ey ry, 

severe 





_pivain, from sehen pensions on 
Provided ‘bat, the erjeant or comport of disabilities or accidents ae grant 
shall have seived ut least five ‘the ed, and likewise whon yonsions are 
rank he holds «boo f and that or’ clsime aro to be forfeited, the 
‘the disability was not Prine decision of the Conc, aN 
want 


# 
2 
H 
f 
: 
Hi 





i 
2 
' 
= 
ze 
i 


discretion. sing rte ofpenion gated fr svi 
NEA deh Mo AE ag Dd ‘wounds, or disabilities, be final, ancl 
eee ihilities afer years’ Sor eS reas not be aug- 


if 
i 


Secrcccsae ciara 
feentminepmiieetivie “ie Yoctie ach acer 
iF hake ocane Hy view, I~ lowe of one eye only, whedher Be the right 
Foun Cras 16. IF 4 soldier aball ave Tost ov€ eye, by, 
Disauurrizs oxvet voviirerx veans! iy vitcpe? and hall yeoeive Se 





hia inte ~ be: 
ee Tan cesg OIE mica ingte Te falning xlarnent 


GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULAKS, &c. 


Seitant having served asa non-commis- 
‘officer ten years, and not less than 
five years as a serjeant, from 1s, 3d. to 2s. 

Corporal, having served as such for seven 
years, from Is. to Is. 3d. 
ite, from 9d. to 1s. 

If the soldier shall have served more than 
fourteen years, and 1s discharged with a good 
character, and with a constitution impaired 
by the effects of colonial service, an increase 
not exceeding threepence a day may be added 
to the aforesaid rates ; but the precise rate 
‘hall be determined at the discretion of the 
commissioners, according to the principles 
laid down in article 10 of these regulations, 

19. Whenever a case of total or partial 
blindness shall be involved in so much 
doubt, as to have been reported by a court- 
martial or by a inedical officer to be “a 
suspicious case,” the commissioners shall 
deal with it, as to them may seem most 
just 5 but in every case in which itis proved 
that a soldier has tampered with his eyes, or 
that his loss of sight has been caused by vice, 
imtemperance, or other misconduct, and that 
his character is bad, instead of being dis- 
‘charged on a pension, he shall be detained 
im an eye infirmary, of shall be sent home to 
his , or dismissed without a pension. 

20. Except in extreme cases of disability, 
‘no infantry soldier shall be discharged for 
rupture alone ; should a ruptured soldier be 
discharged before he has served fourteen 
years, his case shall be considered according 
to the 11th and 12th articles of these regu 
lations. 

21. Any cavalry soldier who shall be dis- 
charged under fourteen years’ service for a 
rupture which would not disable him for 
fantry service, may, at the discretion of the 
commissioners, either be transferred to a 
veteran or garrison battalion or company, or 
be allowed a temporary pension or gratuity, 
according to article 11. 




















22. Any pensioner refusing to serve, or 
not appearing when called upon by the com= 
missioners, or other lawful authority, shall 
forfeit his pension, unless a eaisfciory ex- 
planation be subsequently given; but no 

sasioner who has actually served twenty 
jour years in the cavalry, or twenty-one 
years’ in the infantry, shall be liable to be 
called upon to serve. And any pensioner 
who neglects to draw his peusion for four 
successive quarters shall be struck off the 

sion list, and shall not be replaced! unless 

shall satisfactorily account for such omis- 
sion; and the commissioners shall, at their 
discretion, grant or withhold the arrears, or 
any portion thereof. 

23. Every soldier, convicted by a court- 


109 


martial of being a desertr, may, in addition 
to any other punishment awarded 
court, be sentenced to forfeit all claim to 
fasion. Such sentence shall, in all cases, 
recorded on the discharge sent to the 
Commissioners of Chelsea Hospital : but if, 
aur such eas been passed, he shall 
ave performe and faithful, or gallant 
service, he may be eligible for pension, 
provided that he be recommended by his 
‘commanding officer, through the Command- 
er-in-chief, in conformity with the rules laid 
down in the Mutiny Act and Articles of 
War. 

24. If a soldier shall have been convicted 
by the civil power, or by a court-martial, of 
any vicious or disgraceful conduct, such a 
to render him unworthy of belonging to the 
ammy, and consequently to be unfit for the 
military service, he shall, on being di 
charged in consequence thereof, have the 
sentence, or cause of his dismissal from the 
service, recorded in his discharge, and shall 
forfeit all claim to pension. 

25. Any soldier convicted before a com- 
petent court-martial of feigning or produe- 
Ing disease or infirmity, or of materially in- 
juring his health by habitual drunkenness 
‘or of being detained in hospital by any dis 
cease contracted by his own vice or intemper- 
ance, thereby rendering himself unfit. for 
service or of abveting| Rimaelf from an hos- 
pital whilst under medical treatment, or of 

ing guilty of a gross violation of the rules 
of the hospital, or of intentionally protract- 
ing his cure, or of wilfully aggravating his 
disease, shall be liable to be brought to trial 
by the regimental commanding oicer, or om 
charges preferred by the surgeon of the hos- 
pital, and to have the whole time of such 
detention in hospital deducted from his ser- 
vice, or of forfeiting all claim to pension, 
provided such forfeiture form part of the sen~ 
tence of the court-martial by which he was 
convicted. 

§. Any soldier maimed by the fring off 
ot fis muse, or by other nivans, and who 
by becomes unfit for service, whether 
the injury occurred on or off duty—whether 
accidentally or intentionally, shall in all 
cases, be tried by a district court-martial, as 
soon afier the event as possible; and if it 
shall he proved hefore such court that the 
injury was the unavoidable result of military 
service, and was in no way attributable to 
design, negligence, drunkenness, or miscon- 
duet on his part, the court may recommend 
the soldier for a pension ; stating the proofs 
adduced and the grounds of their revommen- 
dation, or of their rejection of the claim, as 
the case may be, The finding of the court, 
and the confirmation of the commanding 
officer must invariably be annexed to the di 































‘uu ndvortod ts therein ; bu the sion Toworod to the tuw rate, and stint by & 
‘upon the claim t pension eee, jon, refund either the 













27. A 








woldier 
are : erin = ar 
: 
Ss raga his own bervices or thoes of way? 
sidered with reference 0 tho service ho enay. other person, ho thall on conviction thereat 






have performed, or to the wounds he may before a competent court-martial be rendered 
Tacedved in wedi ceiving & pension, according 
eter. The of the Motiny Actand AS 

the 


% ot, bythe ets 
of 6d Geos tit ccop. 13, an © Geo, 
1¥. cap. 27. will be payable tn the parish 
oftcerscocoring te the provisions of the 





may become entitled to: jor shall 
{alielg proterd to be the heir, adratnistaator, 
fof assignee of a pensioner or soldier, for the 
purpose “of fraudulently obtaining » many 
vasowaghe whe will 





‘er handwriting of any sich pensioner oF sol 
tier mx wore, oF in forging any do 


‘purine by the lox, part to Be-tra ww 
tho whole of his: at the ‘of a felon, acconting to thie act 7th Goo. EV. 
$82 Comainiont in aon ie np, 16okans Gs (NRE y=N! i 

poostimert whieh inflict for ny pensioner imprisoned nw 
such offence, ms ty onion OF Gtoegioatm, svegrent, cas 
29. In yeosioner be discovernd to have having committed any misdemeanour or 
received credit for « longer period than he crime, if he axsuraee n false name, whether 
: wieted or rot of the offence for 








= 


feandalent porpos druws bis pension wt a 
place different frow that where he usally 


{nile be shall be Table to have bin 
ian fakon-ewey,reduoed, or wapended, at 
Um dlvortion of the Conan 





GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &c. 


published in the order! 
‘tment to which they belonged, and a mie- 
morandam of the fact shall be sent to their 
parishes by the commanding officer. 

COMMUTATION OF PRXSION! 
Pensioners, uot being natives of the 
United Kingdom, may have their pensions 
cominuted for a sum of money, on his Ma- 
jesty’s pleasure being signified to the Com- 
missioners of Chelsea Hospital by the Se- 
retary at War; the money to be paid out 
cof fands appropriated for the use of the said 
‘Biospital. 

35. If a pensioner, being a native of the 
United Kingdom, should be desirous of set- 
tling abroad in any of his Majesty's Colo- 
nies, bis pension may be commuted ia the 
manner laid down in the preceding Article. 
But if any pensioner shall have received a 
commute allowance for his pension from 
the Commissioners, and shall at any subse- 

quent time fraudulently attempt to revive a 
claim to the pension so commuted, he will 
be liable to be against under the 
Act of Parliament referred to in Article 31. 

RELES IN. RECKONINO SERVICE. 

‘36. No soldier shall be allowed to reckon 
his service under eighteen years of age. 

Ifa soldier at the time of entistment shall 
misrepresent or conceal his real age, and his 
real age be afterwards discove ¢ shall 
in no case benefit by such discovery ; if, for 
instance, he swore that he was under eigh- 
‘teen years, although he was actually older, 
the age specified on his attestation shall be 
the staadard for calculating his service, and 
consoquently his service under eighteen 
years of age accordiog to such attestation, 
‘will not be allowed to reckon. 

37. The distinction between service in 
the East and West Indies, and service in 
any other part of his Majesty's dominions, 
having ceased since the year 1818, as re- 
gards the reckoning of service for pension, 
the same rule will apply as regards the 
claim to additional pay. which, in the case 
of men enlisted afier the 30th November, 
1829, will only commence after 14 years 
service actually completed. 

soldier may be transferred from 
one battalion to anotlier of the same re 
ment or he may be permitted to volunteer 
into another regiment on the disbandment 
of his corps, oF on its being ordered home 
from a foreign station ; but he shall not be 
liable to be drafted from one regiment to 
another without his consent, unless by sen- 
tence of a court-martial, Pensioners who 
have not served twenty-one years, will be 
held liable to be called upon to serve in a 
veteran or garrison battalion, or in the mi- 
litia, or in a regiment of the line within the 
Timits of the United Kingdom. 





book of the regi- 


























11 


99, Non-commissioned officers and sol- 
diers shall not be allowed to reckon as ser- 
vice the period of imprisonment whilst un- 
der the legal sentence of a civil or military 
court, nor the period of confinement previous 
to trial, unless acquitted of the offence al- 
leged against them, according to the proyi- 
sions of the Mutiny Act and ‘Arches of 
War. 

40. If any person discharged from the 
army for disability, or for any other cause, 
shall subsequently re-enter the army, and 
shall, when questioned by the magistrate at 
the time of his being attested, conceal the 
fact, or misrepresent the cause of his former 
discharge, he shall not be allowed to reckon 
his past service, nor to receive any pens 

again discharged for disability. 

41. If any soldier discharged on reduc- 
tion or disbandment of his corps, shall not 
have the opportunity of immediate re-enlist- 
ment into any other corps, he shall, on re- 
enlisting within three years, be allowed to 
reckon his former service, provided that be 
shall not have passed the age at which dis- 
banded soldiers may be allowed to re-enter 
the service—and that he shall in every re- 
spect be eligible for the service. The man 
so re-enlisting must at the time of being at- 
tested, declare his former period of service 
in the ayny, orduance, or marines, and the 
cause of bis discharge from his last corps ; 
but if he should fail to make such declara- 
tion of his previous service, so that it may 
be recorded in his attestation, he shall not 
be permitted to reckon it at any subsequent 
period. 

42. Pensioners who shall, under a pro- 
clamation of hin Majesty or other lawful 
authority, be called upon to serve in a vete- 
ran company or battalion, or in the militia, 
or to be attached to a regiment of the line 
within the United Kingdom, shall, in addi- 
tion to their previous services, reckon such 
service, provided the period thereof shall not 
be less than one year. 

43. Any pensioner who voluntarily en- 
lists into a veteran company or battalion, or 
the militia, or who is appointed to be a 
trict, barrack, or garrison serjeant, or.a mi 
Titary clerk, or hospital stewanl, or who is 
employed in any other military capacity, 
shall, when discharged, revert to his former 
pension, unloss it be pronounced by compe- 
tent authority to have been forfeited. If he 
shall have served ten years or more in any 
of the situations above-mentioned, and shall 
have been discharged therefrom with a good 
character, or even if he shall have served 

















ng 
nsideration, as a deserving 
ajesty’s pleasure will be sig- 























WH Zp iia |p 
Hei tide 
‘Tidal ay: slecreceeee Uefa ftstiede decides 
if uh til if i £ eb et a 
Binh ip lini lge lla 
2 ua en ies ie 
ce leu i pou eeaniate 
aaa yaa ae 
Ee fetta aE 
Bs aie 
pi at tabu dee 
| ij fli 


serene 


GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &c. 


kkim what prospect of permanent pension he 
‘will forfeit, in consequence of accepting 
free discharge at his own request. 

But nothing in this regulation is to be 
constrned, as giving any right to a soldier to 
claim his gesnarse by purcbase or other- 
wise, it being intended as an indulgence to 
be conferred upon the deserving soldier, in 

portion to his good conduct, and the 
Jeageh of his servi 


ce. 
49. If any soldier purchase his discharge, 

or receive a free discharge at his own re- 

quest, he shell have no claim to pension ; 

iad showld he subsequently re-enlist, he 

shall not be permitted to reckon his former 
service. 

50, With the view of rewarding merito- 
rious soldiais when discharged, and of en- 
couraging good conduct in others whilst 
serving, his Majesty has been pleased to di- 
rect that a gratuity in addition to the pen- 
‘sion, may in certain cases be given to one 
serjeant, or corporal, and one private, an- 
ually, in every regiment of an establish- 
ment of 700 rank and file and upwards. 

‘The men to be recommended must have 
completed 21 years of actual service in the 
infantry, or 24 in the cavalry ; have never 

+ been convicted by court-martial, and must 
have borne an irre hable character, or 
have particularly distinguished themselves 
in the service. 

‘The serjeants must have served 10 years, 
‘and the corporal 7 years in their respective 
ranks as non commissioned officers, and 
anust have been discharged as such. 

“The gratuity to the 

Serjeant, shallbe . . £15 0 
Corporal. 2 LS 70 
Privae 2 2... 50 

‘The names and services of the individuals 
receiviny the gratuity, shall be published in 
Tegimental orders, aud sent to the parishes 
to whici they belong, after the Commander- 
in-Chitef shall have confined the regimental 
commaniling olficer’s recommendation, and 
after the Coumissioners of Chelsea Hospital 
shall have notitiel to the Sceretary-at- War 
that the gratuities have been pai 

In corps of a lower establishment than 
700 rank and file, one nal may be 

above-men- 

































years, t 


cor ate 





terests of the 
‘soldier, at the close of his military service, a 
regimental Board shall henceforwarl be as- 
sembled under the orders of the Comman- 
der-in-Chief, for the purpose of verifying 
the following particulars, before any soldier 
bbe recommended to be discharged. 
U.S. Journ, No. 13. Jan. 1830, 








113 


Ist. His services. 
‘The regimental records shall be 
from which the board will make © report, 
stating the period of the soldier's service. the 
countries in which he has served, the wounds 
he has received, the battles, sieges, or cam- 





igns, in which he was present, and any 
Ristances of remarkable bravery he my 
have displayed. 
‘2nd. His Character. 
‘The regimental records shall be referred 
to, and parole evidence be required from 
those officers of the corpe, particularly the 


medical officers, who have had the best op- 

ities of witnessing the soldier's con- 
luct, in all situations. If he shall have for- 
feited his service by the sentence of a court 
martial, and shall not have had such servi 
restored, the fact and canse of such forfeit 
ure are to be stated ; and as the rate of 
pension to be awarded will be influenced by 
character, the board will, after the most 
careful investigation, report whether the 
soldier's conduct has been generally good, 
‘bad, or indifferent, in the terms best calcu- 
lated to express their opinion, more espe- 
cially directing their attention ‘to the latter 
years of his service. 

3d. His Disability. 

‘The Board is to specify the nature, de- 
sree, andl cause of the daablity, in their 
report, and to affix to it the report from the 
medical officer, stating the origin and pro- 
gress of such disability, tho manner in 
which it was contracted, the conduct of the 
man whilst in Hospital, and the degree of 
his unfitaess for military service, in order 
that no soldier may be discharged as dis- 
abled, unless the disability shall be ascer- 
tained to be such, as in all p ty to 
disqualify him permanently for military ser- 
view. 

4th. His Accounts and Claims. 

‘The Boarl will ascertain and report upon 
all just demands of pay, clothing, ae. and 
Defore the soldier leaves the regiment, the 
settlement of his accounts is to be eertfied 
in his discharge, and signed by him. 

But no soldier shall be examined before 
a regimental Board, with a view to his dis- 
charge for disability, unless he shall have 
been previously inspected by the general, or 
‘other superior offcer in command, by whose 
onlers the regimental Boanl will be con- 


vened. 

‘The Boar shall be composed of three 
officers: a field olficer, or the second in 
command, shall be the president, and two 
captains shall be members. When thereport 
of the Board shall have been confirmed by 
the officer commanding the regiment, the 
president shall fll up tho discharge, accord 
ing to the substance of the regimental 
























































‘Bite when tho Board will decide epen the 
tate reyenennl ietsdguionahall ine 
“heen tel ebrond, the » 


‘station abmad, onto the Invalid Depot at 





: sane 


eo ee 


discharge ts which a claim for pen 
caer i al is 


Fete ieee by 


© bt Lists of atte 

ches ‘erebiain 

shall oat to th Secret 
‘t-War, with the discharges thermasivos an 
other requisite docaments, in-onder that. rs 





ire im the cavalry Ll 

the desicous of settling in such colaniem, uy be 
SIE liste 

appeating the Commis- 

Stouot'of Chalvon Soepite, provided bat 


the reoemenagica feet the officar e003 





pon the zepart of the-widnery andltne> they 

i i a 

sical autos, a the dort Dept at shel be 
Chine, 


‘or at the General: Hoopital in 
STN ini Cinesaniar sn GAs wil pve 


‘will continue to draw bie “allspage without 
Allowances: bat in-all these inxtapees the 





othe orders for va ‘eoldier's case sball be ¥ and) his 
Space et die sleraeClaen;or So cides enna sega acai 
> maainksm, oF for his jedniny tho Glat and 62d Articles of thesn 
“pesis of his zesiment x a in Side a6. hoy sli duu wl 
“Gharge, according to {abroad shally if the superor authori on 
the case, but no soldier who my have been Serpathehitient the condeet 
went from the Ir id jutham. or of the soldier Justitios the it have 
emit Gece nial Devt se open el ogaireertig 
regiment, on iment led, tobccome ir athe la 
for daty, sail be to the eaid Do. wring, 08 

in wa ert ng sr et 


‘ease of the soldice be clearly 
‘abt to entitle him to es 


fre of expense 3 in Ti i 
posal resin deep eee 
wey fom te place of along daniel Jo 


the ‘parish oF place in mbich he was orig 
‘nally attested, orto each othee iplase ax 
‘choose, provided no additional expanse 
be facut ene fie ae 


peDverioNs ro hie Pie? bao ” 


157. he only mace whith pene 
loners shall be abla fhm ts peo, 


rede Atal aa Cor 
Shall dwtnnd aeibe’ gom rn any foe st 


GENERAL, ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &c. 


sawend, wishout ig himself to the 
penabty-of Sehliog py together with 
the sum of £100, in cenfereaity with the Act 
ofthe Th Geo. 1V. Cop 6 Pa 
io person employed to pay 

Soners shall buallowed to charge more tan 
three-peace for the affidavit required to be 
‘transmitted quarterl: to the Secretary to the 
Board of Chelsea Iospital. 

59... Should a pensioner lose his instruc- 
tions, and make an application for a fresh 
copy, he may be supplied therewith, on 
mating efiavitof the Greumstances uoder 
which the original was lost, and provided it 
Shall be shown that the samme had not been 
pledged, or improperly disposed of ; but i 
the pensioner be proved to have taken & 
false oath, he shall be struck off the pen- 
sion list. When new instructions are given, 
hhe shall be liable to pay for them a sim not 
exceeding two shillings and sixpence, nor 
leas than one shilling. 

60. The Commissioners shall, as hereto- 
fore, at their discretion, dismiss any In-Pen- 
sioner fom the Hospital if guilty of miscon- 
duct: and upon such dismissal they shall 
have the power of reducing the amount of 
the pension to which such pensioner was en- 
titled on his admission, or of taking it away 
altogether. 

G1. Whenever a grant of land is made to 
= discharged soldier, either in commutation 
of the pension, or in aid of his becoming a 
settler, he shail be exempt from the payment 
of any fees for such grant ; the terms upon 
which grants to soldiers and pensioners are 
‘to be made shall be governed by such in- 
structions as his Majesty may be pleased to 

ive, through the Secretary of State for the 
lonial Department. 

62. Should any doubts arise, as o the trne 
intent and meaning of any part of the fore- 

ing regulations, his Majesty's pleasure will 
Fe ignited through the Secretury-at-War. 

By his Majesty's eommand, 
Hey Hanpiner. 
GENERAL MEADS OF ARRANGEMENT OF THE 
REGULATIONS TOR PENSIONING SOLDIERS. 

Revised Warrant, cancelling all existing 
warrants, regulations, &e. 
aaniciis. . 

1 to 14. Division of pensions into four 
classes. 
Ist. Length of service, 
2d, Wounds received in action, 
3d. Disabilities, alter 14 years’ 
sewvi 
4th, Disabilities, 
years’ servire ho 
16 to 21. Special cases of disability, how 
to be dealt with. 
‘22 to’ 38, Forfeiture of pens 
dint, 























4 


under 





‘34nd 85. Commutation of pension for a 
‘sum of money, or grantof land. 
36 to 45. Rulesin reckot fice, show- 











ing mat description of service 
will be admi or excluded. 
46 to 56. Conditions under which dis- 
charges may be obtained. 
57 to 62. Deductions to which the pen- 
sioner i liable. 
eancutan. 


War Ottice, 23d Noy. 18: 

Sir-—In onder to cary his BF 
Warrant of the 14th November, and 
Revised Regulations for Pensioning Sol- 
diers, more tully into effect, the King has 
been’ pleased to issue the annexed 
mentary Rules and Articles of War, 
which soldiers guilty of malingering, muti- 
lation or tampering with their eves, may be 
tried under a specitic Article of War. 

‘The Supplementary Article 3-72 has been 
framed in reference to the Slst Article of 
the Regulations for Pensioning Soldiers, in 
which itis directed that a regimental Board 
shall be assembled, to inquire into and re- 
ort upon the case of every soldier recom- 
mended to be discharged ; and the Su, 
mentary Article 4-72 has been framed in 
Teference to his M 's Warrant, and the 
Revised Regulations for granting Pensions 
10 Ofiicers wounded in Action. 

‘Tho Supplementary Article 2-72 has been 
framed, for the purpose of enabling detach- 
ment court-martial to be held within bis 
jajesty’s dominions for the trial of offences 
and misdemeanours, of a character which 
tay amit of ls serous notice than by 
being brought before district courts-maitia 
in cases in which a trial by a regimental 
court-martial would be impracticable, the 
detachment courts-martial being subject in 
every other respect to the limitations obser 
ed Hey reginental courts-inartial. 

I have also to draw your attention to the 
amendment of the 91st Article of War, by 
which commanding officers of regiments 
in certain cases, make application for 
jem to be tried by a regimental courte 

iartial, for offences directed to be tried be- 
fore superior courts-martial, in order that 
recruits, and men of good conduct and cha 
acter, inay have the benefit of the most le- 
nient ‘course of proreeding, according to the 
judgment which the commanding oficer may 
‘exercise, as to the nature and depree of the 
offence at the time he applies for the trial of 
the offender by an inferior court. 

I have further to call your attention to 
the amendment made in the 70th Article of 
War, in which ‘* Dingraceful Conduct” is 
declared to mean any offeace of a diayrace- 

12 





























ny ol uf is 
pot hip trial before 


i 


ge 
an 


Z 
|} 
? 
Fi 


Hl 
Fe; 





‘Chel 
when 
omes before them, have the best 
pedeayaite 
ion 

opinion. in theie nding, 

‘or mutilating was the 
not of it, in that 
ch tana itary worl 0 
on uel ‘or mil au 
gs i dieet, through 

‘the Commander-ia-Chief of our forces. 
‘be proved to the satisfaction of 
martial, that a 
‘with his eyes —or that 
Se ‘of sight Ins Laven enused 
‘with “cases of confirmed Vice, intamporance, oF ether rmiscon- 
‘where the conduct is proved to duct, such soldier shall not be deemed euti~ 
‘Ves ably vieious, ax to render the ded to his or tow eaaal 
orthy to rowain in the army. ho shall on conviction be detamedl in an 
© Wftho misconduet be wnsoldiertike, oF im- eye infirmary or ‘Dospital, or shall 
‘worl. Civ of ify} and the puri- be vect tis ismissesl, according 
wi hot specitied in any Article to our direction from time to time to 

‘of War, in such case a remedy for tho pu our Commander-mn-Chiol, 


Article of War. Aftor the, Defaleation be made good, 
~Thave the honour to be, Sir, in Ten of the remainder of the parma, 
© Your most obedient fumble servant, reod=and if coavicil of disgracefil con- 
. Tisway Fiavmon, ' duct, be having been once proviously con- 
~ Gronow Re ieted of an offeace of a \e- 
‘Bévrcemevyany Rutys axon Anrwuss tor, or of offences, which im the: 
kh THt NETTER GOVERNMENT OF att Opinion of the court render him peters: 

aun Fours. ‘ing retained in our wrvice, the 


“Bupplementary Article 249, follo court-amartial tosy, in addition to. the foro- 

i et rn. ugteltmmts ieamecdons ton: 

‘Wang seldier shail beconvicwil of malin- er wou diseharged with ignominy, as anit 
jor of feigning or ing disease for our aarvice feom viee or miscandnct :— 

—or of being detwined jn hospi- And such dintrict or gastison court-max~ 

juence of materially injuring ial may deprive non-commissioned 

is own vice ox intemperance, or soir a she allevance 

OR 





ink fone tisnes within twelve mouths, or 
|,—or oFitentionally pootmet- twine drunk for duty or parade within twelve 
mons, 09 


the 
cure, oF of wif ing his months, Tolerence to the do- 
Se aall Hable Shoe tied tr pacha log 
conduct, and shall be subjected and 





re mentary Article 3—43. Arh 72, Page 2 
SUN may enn Deke klaae tte ‘ment of portion of our sroops, wi may 


CHANGE ‘IN. THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ARMY. 


‘any time be serving in any part of our Do- 
minions, although such detachment or por- 
‘on .of our troops shall consist of men 
different regiments, may, by the appoint- 
‘ment of the senior oficer in command of the 
district, station, garrison, barrack, island, or 
calony, provided he be not under the rank of 
field ‘aficer, without any other authority 
than these our Articles of War, hold detach- 
‘ment courts-mastial, within our dominions, 
onsating of not les than five ofices (un- 
less it be found impracticable to assemble that 
number, when three may be sufficient) ; and 
may inquire into such disputes, or criminal 
‘matters, as may come before them, accond- 
ing to the rules and limitations observe! by 
regimental courts- martial ;—Lut no sentence 
shall be executed, until the superior officer 
fon the spot, not being a member of the 
Court, shall’have confirmed the same. 
‘Supplementary Article 3—72. 

gt Orie 9 secure the deserving sat 
lier, wl lischarged, a provision r= 
fiona’ to the length and future of bis ser. 
vice, and to enable our Commissioners of 
Chelsea Hospital to carry into full effect our 
rules and regulations for the pensioning of 
aoldiers—Wee do hereby order, that no sol- 
dier shall be discharged, whether for unfit- 
ness, or for any other cause, unless his ser 
vices, conduct, character, and the cause of 
the discharge be ascertained before a regi- 
‘mental Board, to be held for the purpose of 
verifying and recording all these necessary 
particulars in the discharge, on which do- 
cument the decision of our Commissioners 
of Chelsea Hospital on the soldier's claim 
will be made—The Board shall be compos- 
ed, in all cases, of three officers ;—the ma- 
jor, or second in command, shall be the 
rtsident, and two captains shall be: mem- 

5 :—and all military persons who may be 
summoned by the president thereof, are di- 
rected to attend, and give information to the 
Board on the subject of their inqui 
such Board is not competent to award any 
punishment or forfeiture of service, their 
‘duty being restricted to the faithful and im- 
pattial record of the soldier's services and 
‘conduct at the close of his military career ; 
and they will be governed in this their duty 
by a reference to our rules, orders, and re~ 
ulations for the pensioning of soldiers, 
which regulations shall be produced before 
the Board, whenever it is assembled :— 
When the Board is assembled by order of 
the commanding officer, or other superior 
authority, the members thereof shall seve- 
rally make the following declaration in the 
presence of the soldier whose case is under 
Inquit 

1 A. B. do declare, upon my honour, that 
I will duly and impartially inquire into the 























Wt 


matters to be brought befare this Board, ac~ 
cording to the rules and regulations of His 
Majesty's service, and if any doubt shall 
arise, according to my conscience, the best 
of my understanding, and the custom of the 
service in like cases. 
Supplementary Article 4—72, 

For the purpose of securing a provision for 
life to the oficers of our army who have sus- 
tained serious and permanent injury by 
wounds received in action with an enemy, 
according to the rules and regulations 
granting pensions to wounded, ofcers,—it 
1s our will and pleasure, that when the state 
of the officer's wound isha fe such, 63 to 

wire him to be ing a militar 
medical boant, convened by our order 
through our Secretary at War; such board 
shall be composed in no case of less than 
three medical officers, not under the rank of 
A sel of sggemeatal aa yn: The -eed~ 
ings of the Boaid in the inspection of wound- 
ed officers, and in certain cases of officers 
retiring on fall or half pay, shall be con- 
ducted as follows :—The senior medical off- 
cer shall act as president, and shall himself 
make, and require each member to make, 
the following declaration in presence of the 
officer whose case is under inquiry :— 

1 A. B. do declare, upon my honour, that 
1 will duly and impartially inquire into and 
give my opinion on the case of the officer 
Tow before this Board, according to the true 
spirit and meaning of His Majesty’s orders 
and regulations, and the instructions issued. 
by his Majesty's orders, on this head : And 
I further declare, upon my honour, that I 
will not, on any account, or at any time, 
disclose oF discover the vote or opinion of 
any particular member of the Board unleas 
requested to do so I competent authority. 

‘These Boards will either be presided ‘by, 
or report their proceedings to, the Director- 
General, or to the principal inspector of the 
Army Medical Department, wlio will trana- 
nit he report, for our decision, to our Com- 
mander-in-chief, or Secretary-at-War, as the 
‘case may require. 

Amendment of Article 91, Page 32. 

After the words Gartlson Courts-Martial, 
in lieu of the remainder of the Article, read 
—But whereas it may be advisable that some 
of the foregoing offences, which in certain 
‘cases may admit of less serious notice, should 
be tried by regimental courts-martial,—in 
such cases, the officer commanding the bat- 
talion, corps, or detachment, who may deem 
it advisable so to proceed, lay a state- 
ment of the case, together with the charge 
he intends to bring before the general or 
other officer commanding the brigade, dis- 
triet, or garrison, with an application 0 to 
proceed, which application, when the supe 























. of Native Infantry, wag tind for 





Lg en 
- Clitford, C, By Arrived Hh. MC. 
ray ea aiare 
S Aobanie haat Fate Me M.S. ted 
Peopcnee a writ — Arrived H. ae Lipton fog 


even. —Bailed He M. P. Mailing, Liewts 


Saab e et, k Indies, and Zephyr, 


1 Renee iret. M0, Aion, 
‘oat Thrackston, 
Bu eensnes—Arvived TE. M.-C. Bope, Lieut. 
Newton. 
'W, Powrsuovrit.—Sulled WM. G, Netley. 
Lent. Nobiliard. 
H.C. Sparrow (00), 


Puywoue 
Sa Powtsunctn—Aeed WM. . 
st 1.3. 0. Snlpey 

‘Lent.2. W. Purcell, Sailed H.M. 5. Rapid (10), 

‘Gans C,H Swinburne, fe the 

7, Bourwmocrn Salied MC, Hightyer. 
Veyvxonrn.—I'ut in, eatled) tenmmectiatety,, 
M. 8. Hapid (10), Com. Bwinberse 

ALmourn,—Seiled H. M. P. the Dike of 








Malvern J, Baldor Ebon, 
PurMoerse~Sailed He M,C. Aatelope, 


ent. Laveles, and MM. 0. Arrow, Lieut, 
Tiracken, 
Parxovrn—Arrived fe Mi P. 
1 feo Lisbon, «nd! Tarraconta, 
ames, for Bt. Thomay’ Latin 
®. 'Facuourn.— Anived HM, P. Sand 


s 





‘Decenter 1, Ponvewourn—Arvived IMO, 
Arrow, Lieut, Turackaton, 
Dawwe.—Lyvived H, M,C. Lignet, Teor. 1, 
LarrmeeArsved HM 8, Agno 8) 
MB Alligator (8) Ca 
CP. Yorks, nf 


& Ponrsxoert—Arvived Hy My C, Ante- 
lope, Lieut. Loveléms. Salled HMC. Snipe, 





Hout. Voreell. 
‘3. Ponrsxowrn—Sailod Hf. M,C, Autelope, 
Lieut. Loveless wo the Eastward, 
‘SmAuRNEN.—Salled HM. C. Hope, Lieut. 
Newton. 


RNG Sil MM 8 Aigo (Cap 
Passov —Anived TL MAW, Plovery Hleote 





MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


aaa i peor 
a i 


or ‘in the purchase of colts, aad 
found guilty, Te slonced to be 
ona bs sve, nd to aha po ta 


dotivieney. 





ecre: NAVAL REGISTER. 


‘Onpty C. Naplets CAB. from Havennate 
mL of November. Sailed the Wanderer 
‘Transport, Lent. A. Young, ta the eastwant 


ie 


Hatori Arrived MM. MTyxinn, Liew, 
Ry Dingo fromm Bearih 

5. Downe-—Sailed M. M. €. Linnety lent. 
Barwett. 

Fauxoorm—falled If. MP. Spey, We 
Sanne, for Carthagenne 

© Sueenxasn—Arrived I. Me’ Cy Linnet, 


Poxvesoura.—Arrivud MH. M. 8. Alligator, 
Om) Capt Co Ps Yorkies 
caatstoorn Balled HA 2. Salou Liat. 
i 
7. Vortaxowraensaniled Hi. Me Steam Vers 
fel Bebo, Leute Binet, Arrived the Bupply 
Fraiport. 


sy 

Parswoura.—Arsived HM. Be ioumer, Re 
&. Satton, from Lubom, and Camden, J. Tilly, 
from Havana, 

& Ponrmwourn—Arnivel It, Me. Spar 
rows (10) Lents Motfatt, and Sylvia Transport, 
‘Lion. Wesley. 

Paymoura—Arevod avd sailed mmeiately 
HLM. Stoom Veuel Fah, Lent, Winer. 

« SuenusEsn—mtrived MM. Steam Yewel, 
Confiance, Laeuts Rielneion, 

B Ponrswovrn. — Salted the Wanderer 
Tramporty leat Young.y wit Sylvie Transport, 
Liewte Wesley. Arrived Hl. Sf. Steam Vessel, 
eho, Lent. Wimert. 

Swxnnvuss—Balled Hf. M. Steam Venel, 

Liett. Riohursoon, 
2 Rahourn tale MM. F. Hume, Lee, 


1. Puysoern—Salled IE. MC. vsmble, 
(20) Lent, Haswell 
Ae Ponzamournm—fialled the Indastzy Trane 


sores Aree M3 Brad, 0) 
Leute Harwell; and Ils Ms Se Ditteoant 
‘Coinstandee Johnson. 

42. PoxmssouruSalll HM; 8 Alien 
for, (ib) Capt. CI. Yorke. Arrived the 
Trampert, Hews: Ty Bustwoud, 

1D. Bitexnngen—Arvived Me MSs Alligator, 
(oa)apes €. P. Yorke 

Poxrsaourn—Sailet Re ML, Knipe, Leet. 
Pavoni, Arrow, Lieut, Thrackotony wok Sparrow, 
(10) Lieut, Motta, 

Aas VAtMOUTH—Salled Hl. Me Be Sandwich, 
“Ae Bbyler, for Lisbon 

Powvsnowrm—Arrived I, BM. Stes Vex! 
Belo, Lieut. Meert. ‘ 

Am Fonvsnourit—Arsived HL M,C. Bylrie, 

Morgan 

















MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


16, Sunxengss—Artived the Iodustry, Naval 
‘Tramport, from Portamoath, 
47, Posrswoura—Salled H. M. C. High- 
‘yer, and Echo, Steam-Vewel, Lieut. Bisset 
19. Porrsmourm.— Arrived H. M. 8. Ale. 
cerity (10), Com. J. Nias, from the Mediterranean, 
and H. M. C, Hightyer. 

















MISCBLLANEOUS. 


‘The Delight (10) was launched at Chatham on 
421th of November. It will be remembered 
the former brig of this name foundered off 
arias) in 1023, when commanded by 
Capt, Hay. ‘The prevent veel le intended for 
the Packet Service. 

H. M.S. Childers, (10) Commander Morir, 
‘was paid off at Chatham on the 20th of Novem: 
beer, and recommissioned on the 24th by Com- 
ander R. Deans, for the North Sea station. The 
(Childers is now in. dock at Chatham. 

H. M. 8. Haleigh, (18) Commander Sir Wil. 
Uam Dickson, was paid off at Woolwich on the 
4th of December. The Raleigh was commission- 
ced at Chatham in 1890, by Capt. 3. W. Dalling, 
and ‘duce then been employed in the Medi- 
terranean. 

H. M. C. Linnet, Lieut. E, Barnett, lately em- 
ployed in the survey of the coasts of Guermey 
and Jersey, under the orders of Capt. M. White, 
was paid off at Chatham on the 15th of Decem” 
Ver. The Linnet succeeded the Shamrock In thle 
service, which latter vewel, after several year? 
‘employment, was found waft, and paid off at 
Plymoath, in the early part of 1628. ‘The Linnet 
isto be ery 1 Tender to H. M.S. Prince 
Regent, and is now Aiing for this service at 
Chatham. 

H. M.S. Undaunted, Capt. Cliford, C.B. sail- 
‘cd for the Weaern Islands, on the 22d of No- 
vember, 

H. M8. Rapid, (10) Capt. Swinburne, sailed 
forthe Mediterrancan station, on the 20th of No- 
vember. 

Hi. M.S. North Star, (28) has been commis 
sloned at Portsmouth by Lord William Paget. 

H. BM 8. Galatea, (42) Capt. Napier, returned 
to Portsmouth on the 4th of December, from the 
‘Wert ladies. The Galatea ested frou England 
‘on the 12th of June, with Comrmlasioner Aysevngh 
and family for Jamaica, The effeacy of the pal 
dies with which she hai Deen sited, the invention 
of her commander, has been proved on several 
ceasions daring ealme, 

1H. M.S. Pallas, Capt. Fite Clarence, with the 
Earl of Dalhowtle, arrived. at Rio on the 16th of 

‘and was to nal inmediately for the 
‘The Pallas ailed from Plymosth on 
the 20th of July. 

‘The advantagcon 


























tion of Milford: Haven 
8 of the Atlantic, 
jeations as a harbour 
Mding, fs likely to render It of 
more importavee than hitherto. The dockyard, al- 
reuly celebrated! as a building yard, is to be ex- 
tended, and a direct comni by packets 
‘with Cork and Dublin to be established. 

HM. 8. Balldtog har been taken Into dock 
and broken up at Portsmouth, She was ove of 











121 


the od clans of 16-gum rigs, snd built tm 1782, 
‘Tee Bulldog was principally employed tm the 
‘Mediterranean, and in 1615 Was converted Into a 
owder-vewel, since which time abe has been 
lying in Porchester Lake. 

‘A voyage of a scientific natare is sitting oat by 
‘the Government of the United States. The South- 
cera regions and the Islands of the Pacific Ocoum 
‘are sald to be the principal polnts of destination. 

‘The deduction of threepence in the pound, for 
the benefit of the Widow's Fund, from the pay of 
Naval Officers, is in fatare to ‘be discontlased. 
The reason assigned is that the Fund is safi- 
cleatly rich. 

Tt has been some time in contemplation to close 
the dockyard at Deptford, and orders have been 
sent to the other yards to receive the most valea- 
Dle of the artificers, The ships building will be 
completed, and the slips kept in a state of preser- 
vation, Reductions are likewise taking place at 
‘Plymouth, and throughout the dockyards in some 
of the offices, 

‘The following Midshipmen bave lately passed 
thelr examination for Lieutenants at the Royal 
Naval '—A Grant, L. P. Coxe, RK. 
Jeakins, H. 8. Lacoa, A. L. Kuper, A. W. Jere 
ingham, W. Morris, W. J. Standbridge, A. J. 
Tancock, B. J. Sulivan, H. Mann, G, Keayoa, 
FW. Lawrell. 











PROMOTIONS, 
cAPraIxt 
Drinkwater, C. R. 
Smal 








COMMANDERS, 
Booth, J. Re 
Donglas, A. J. 
Eliott, 
Gonset, A. retired, 
Larcom, J. P. D. 
Mayne, D. 
Nixon, H. 8. 
Silver, J. retired, 
Wilson, G. retired, 

LIEUTENANTS. 

Babington, A. G. 
Brown, FT. 














Mitchell, W. 
Oliver, W. B. 
Sameel, W. 
Smith, H. 
White, @. 
Wolte, J. 








NECOND LIEUTENANT, 





Congdon, W. 
APPOINTMENTS. 
CAPTAINA. 
Brien, J. 0, Magnificent. 
Paget, Lord W. North Star. 









































128 ANNALS -OF -THS SRITIBH: FLEET. 
» Shasglees. 
‘Arachne. 
Nimbte. 
. Hyperion. z 
Hyperion ; 
Mersey. 
Ming. 
Childers. 
Barham, 
aasrzns. 
strong, J. M. ‘Winchester. ‘ 
Hyaciath. 
suxozon. 
Agent at Bristol. 
AnnraTAWT-BUROZONS. 
‘M'Dourid, W. B. Pylades, * 
Lewry, J. ‘Bermuda Hoapital. °° 
PURSERS. :, 
Atrill, W. 3. ‘Hyacinth. 
Crane, W. Childers. 
‘Read, R. M. North Star. . 
cuarLarns, 
Eveleigh, J. Prince Regent. 
Falls, J. Ganges. 7 
Lewis, W. Shannon. 5 
Oliver, W. Pentland, K. Druid. m 
‘Owen, B. R. ‘Hyperion, ‘MARINES. —FIRST LIEUERRANT, 
‘Winchester. Flag-Liew- Sparin, G. Droid. * 
‘Pilkington, E. { ‘temant to Admiral Col- SECOND LIEUTENANT. 
poys. Holland, J. Druid. 
ANNALS OF THE BRITISH FLEBT. oe 
Lords Commissioners of the Admirsity. | Frincipal Gommandersim-Chiet, 
i} Portsnoath.—Adm. M. Milbank 
Plymouth—v, A. SirT. Paley. 
(Core—Adva, Biv A. Candace, 
Lord Spencer. Hobert Alan. Nowe —V. Adm. A. Grow, 
Downs—V. Adm, 8, Latwillze. 
1801. Lord Arden. Hon. Wes. Eiiot. —_|Chimocl,—Aaio. ard St, Vince 
War with North Sea.—V. Adm. A. Dickson,” 
France and | Sir P. Stephens, Evan Nepemn, (Ist Sec.) | Mediterranean. — V. Adio. Lord 
Spin Keik, CB |’ 


Tunes Gambier. 


Win, Young. 


Wan, Marsden, (2d Se.) 





Cape—V. Adm, Sir R. Curtis. 
Halitix.—V. A. Sir W, Purker. 
amaica;—V. Adm, Lord Hugh 
Seymour, 
Newfoundland. — BR. Adm. Mf 





























No. of Ships in Comission at the commencerent of the Year, 
Number Lannehed, Captured, or otherwise lost, during the Year, 


‘No. pfCom 
| Omeers at 
meneumentof the Year, 
| with the Promotions 
duriug the Year. 





swith the 























| 3 lal¢ | ly 
zi 2 Hel Rank i] 
3 eal 
| E ole} 2 & 
Sacra cerca 
| Fetes, | a 1B} Poneapetoe| S40] a] 
Seep | =} &_5}/ Commenters | a7 
x the commencement ofthe | Lieutenants 


‘Year, 110,000, 














ANNALS OF THE BRITISH FLERT. 198 


ACTIONS, AND OTHER REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES. 

January 1. The Reqaia, 12, Lieat, &. Fewell, lst off Quiberon, twenty ofthe crew made prisooers, 
Of Brest, La Bombarde, French, faken by the Boadices, 38, R. G. Keats—8. The boats of the 
Melpomene, 44, Sir Charles Hamilton, onder the command of Liet. Deck, cat out of Senegul the 
Senegal, 18, brig, afterwards destroyed-—8. OM Jamaica, El Reyoa Louisa, Spanish schooner, of 

y the Hind, 28, T. Lariow.—9. The Conatitution catter, 12 go 
as captared, after x gallant resistance, by two French cutters: same da} 
18, aed. Greyhound, revenue citer, reapuured et-—13. Of Flambrosgh Head, Le. Voyageur, 
French privateer, of 14 guns, 47 men, was captared by the Favoerite, 16, J. Westbeach.—I8. 
L'Anrore, 16, Freach corvette, when on her passage to France from the Macriting, was captared by 

,, W. Lakin. Off Gaadaloope, the Garland, tender to the Daphne, 29, R. 
from her anchorage, under the Sre of the batteries of Trois Riviere. Near Cher- 
dourg, La Venus lugger, 14 guns, 36 men, taken by the Jason, 30, J. 8. Yorke.—20. Nediter- 
ranean, La Bans Pareille, 20, French corvette, taken by the Mercary, 28,7. Rogert.—21. Medi. 
Terranean, the Caroline, 30, W. Bowen, in company with the Sulamine, 10, captured a Xebec, Iadea 
with arms—26. Channel, the Active, 38, J. Gilford, eaptared Le Quinols, 14, French —28. Ow 
the Dowas Station, the King George, 12, Lieut, W. J. Pearce, captared the Fllbustier, Freach catter, 
La Cariease, French corvette, ken off Leeward Islands, by Bourdelols, 28, T. Mauby, for 
shortly after.—20. The Inandiary, Freoch schooner, R. D. Dann, 14, eaptared by Admiral Gan- 
theasmne’s squadron —al. Lisboa Station, the Sants Victoria, Spanish logger, 6, taken by the Netley, 

ieut. J. Maio. 
February 1. The Charmiog Moly cutter, D. Sherif (roaster) founfered at tea. Coast of France, 
the Larcher cotter, 12, Lieut, R. Forbes, captured by « French privateer, of 16 gans—B. Off 
Coast of Portugal, L’Oisewu, 36, 8. H. Liuzle, Sirias, 36, R. King, and Amethyst, 38, J. Cooke, 
captared La Dedaigneure, 36. Oa Chanel Statiou, Le Juste, 14 guns, 80 men, captured by the 
‘Amelia, +4, Hou. C. Herbert.—10. ‘The Sprightly cutter, Licut. H. Jump, captored by Admiral 
Gauthewune’s squadron.—11. Channel, L’Bspoir, Preach Ingger, 6 guns, 23 me, captared by the 
Lady Charlotte, 12, Lieat. G. Morris, St. Josef, Spuish privateer, plerced 14 gans, 44 men, captured 
dy Netley, 16, Lieut. J. Meir.—13, ‘The Snceess, 22, 8. Peard, captured by Admiral Gantheaame’s 
squadron. Le Sans Peur, 6 gans, 30 men, takeu by Argas, Lively, and Viper, catters—14. The 
‘Telegeaph, 16, Lieut. C. Cortellis, supposed to have foundered at sea in a gale. Of Cape St. Croix, 
La Victoire, 10 guns, 110 men, captured by the boats of the Heldip, 36, J. Phillips —t6. Irish Sta. 
ton, the Moacheron, 16 aus, 120 men, taken by the Revolutionnaire,44,T.Twiysden, Mediterranean, 
La Poriense, 6 guns, 1200 staod of armor, captered by the Minores, 16, G. Miller.—I6. L’Ade- 
lide, French privateer, taken by the Piginy.—10. Off Ceata, the Phebe, 36, R. Barlow, a ter « 
chree of three hours and a-balf, Drooght the Preach frigate, 1/Afrieaine of 44, t0 close action, whlch 
lasied apwards of two hours, when she struck ; Saurrier, chief of the division, and most of the officers 
and aboat two hundred en were killed, the captain aud one handred and forty-three men wounded. 
Puabe, one man killed, rat lieutenant Mr. Holland, Mr. Gritithe (master), and ten men wounded. 
—20. ‘In Quiberoa Bay, the boats of the Excellent, 74, Hou. It. Stopford, captured L’Arc, French 
‘catter.—23. Channel, the Buonaparte cutter, 16 guts, 44 men, captared by the Nimble, 14, Lleat. 
James Lloyd —27. At Ancoos, Hall dog, B. Daires, taken. 
March £. On Chanoel Station, the 






































































jan cutter, 14, Acting Lieut. J. Lackraft, captared Le 
14, Acting Lieut. M. Wright, 
36, C.J. M. Mansteld, captured Le 
(ince called the Scout), pierced 24 guns.—Il, Atlaatic Ocean, Le General Bes- 
siere, vehouner, piereed 11 guus, captured by the Hussar, 38, Lord Garlien—12. North Seay 
LOptemeste, 14, captured by tie Favourite, 16 guun—15. Mediterrancan, I/Achille, 6, taken, 
by £1 Corso, 18, W. Ricketts, aud Pigmy culter.—16. Near Yarmouth, the Tevjneible, 74, Rear- 
Admiral T. Totty, struck on Hasborough Sand, and lost. The admiral wlth one hundred and twenty- 
five men saved. Captain J. Rennie, and rest of the erew perlihed,—23, India, La Gloire, 10 gum 
TIL men, takew by the Albatross, 18, W. Waller— 28. Downs, La Vengeance logger, 14, taki 
the Gannet, 18, James Cotgrave—29. Coast of France, Le Pluton cutter, taken by Sheerness, 
Lieut, J. H, Talbot. Lisbon Station, Le Huron, 14, taken by the Earl Spencer privateer, J. Stewart, 
April. West Indies, La Rabel, 20, |, supposed to have foundered. South America, 
La Legire, 24, T. C. Quintot erew made prisoners.—9. Chanvely Le 
Beauelere.—6. At 
Channel, the Amethyst, 38, 4. Cook 
eapinred Le es 6, taken by the Arrogant, 74, B. Q. 
Osbora, On Beachy Head, the Stag cutter, 14, Lieut. J. Irwin, captored Le Poison Volaut,14 guns, 
35 men, French privatecr.—12. Channel, Le Brave, lagyer, 14, taken by the Arethoaa, 34, 7 
15. Chaunel, Le Farie, 14 guns, 62 men, taken by Endymion, 41, P, C. Durham.—I. 
La Laure brig, 14 guns, 78 men, taken by the Lamortalite, 44, H, Hotham.—I7. L’Antechelst 
Ingger, 14 gone, 40 men, taken by the Favourite sloop, 16, J. Wextbeach. Mediterranean, La Saperb, 
taken by the Vincego, 18 eans.—Is. Od Portlud, Te Petit Pirate, 4 mun, taken by the Greyhound 
revense-cutter—u9, Near Jersey, Le Renard lugger, 10, taken by the Fortanre, 44, Lord 
in company with the Trent, 36, Sir E. Hrailion, und the Dolphin, 14, Lieut. Jarnet.—21. Omf Port- 
land, Le Prefeet de In Manche hugger, 18, taken by tbe Sheeruess cutter, 14, Meut J. H. 
lay 1. Coast of France, Le Dorui, 14, taken by the Jaren, 36, Lent. Woodley Losack, acting 




















































Papin Sy. Taos, ‘Bay of Biscay, L/Hourwux, 14, taken by she Atnetin, 





‘aune iip.—0, 
Land Cexhraney rusk «30 an Gtiee; al two gunboats, wuer the fre ofthe batery UFO 
"The Nelengr, 2 Mon. I ‘Menleo, crow 


eo) iy Wr chttnr—at Metivermncan, she Swivore 7 8. Mallow, captured Vy Abia 
flr Ley 94 Ma Cape Bi, Vincent, 1 Olen, Bpusii, ata, by hy Poe 
nly” squadron—a0, Cape Bt. Vincent, . twken by the Pasley, 

14, Liowt, W, Wooldridge. Of Capo Tresforeas, KI Atamaria, Spaniay sehoonrr, enptured by ihe 
‘3. Five gnmbiate destroyed off Algeairan, by Bir J. Savinares’s wuadroo. The Habhtbat, 
203 Reale ‘by Admiral Livois squadron, svator the Dalterie of Algeriran.—f~ ‘The Angusin, 
‘Lieut, Soot, wrwckerl in Piyiauth Sound—12. "Near Cadiz, tho Sun Antonio, 78, one of the com 
ined Prench and Spanish myuadron, awler Admiral De Moreno, and Linols, was taken by Adieal 
{Kir J. Sauget wquadiOn—21. ‘The boas, commanded by Tlottx-Kelth Monel, and W. Lovack, 
‘OC the Dori, 46, Charles Beiv0noe, the Beaulieu, 40, 8. Peyne.and the Uranie, 36, W. H Gage, oap- 
By Dontding, La Chevretto, 0, Prench corvette, under the bateriex fn the Bay of Camerety hu 

‘of the exmsbined Prenel ard Spanish fleet —21. "The Jason, 36, Hon. Marzay., wreeked Ju St, 
‘crew made prioners, afterward burnt by the boats of she Clyde, 88, under the comand of 






6, Ca The Tphigenias a2, Hs Blackpoley war burnt at Alexandiia.—27. Channel, 
en, akon by the Immortalite, M6, H. Hotham, awh Atethos, 38, Wolley— 
Near Cape Orteynl, Ka Cauiarsy 12, Spanish logger, tehew by the Constance, 24, %, Mudge, und the 


‘Stork, 16, W. Parker, 
Augunt OM Kiba, the Carriere, 44, French, taken by the Pomone, a, I Iu Gower, and the 

‘Phovaiy 6, Te W Halstene!, aud the Pray 2, 8. 

Alalantee boats —11. Wet Indies, The Love’ 





‘als, 30, In W. Halstead, avd La Mincrve, 64. Gs Cockburis ‘The Bravoure, 46, was driven on shore 
by fhe fame sywadtron, aid reeked. Ar the capitulation of Mexandria, wore taken by the Causey Ot, 
he Justice, 46, No. 1, (Veuethan) 26, the Feypienne, a0, the Reywwore, 2, Noa, (Vewethyn) 26. 5. 
Andlan Ocean, La Weche, wt, destroyed by the ¥ictor, 18, Gs H. Collins, after three days ehace and m 
‘pliant aton10, Cont of Spal te Rept Epi, tue by the Bibreok sehenect 
Le M,N. Starke IA Mediterranean. the Holl-dog, 18, retaken by Charoplon, 94, Towd W- 
Biewaremth, OM Portugal, L/Lniant sly Carubvaly 14, token ty ihe Defence, 74, Lard M. Pauilet— 
A. Const of Pera, the Limmeno spanish. when by the Chance privateer, 1, W~ White, 
1 roleuse Ioyer, 13, Vrench, taken by the Viper Kxcive cutter 
45, South sie Of Cuba, the Hoverta, 18) T, New, loot om the Jacdion, Near Guernsey, the Cock 
‘ater Tugger, V. Philpot, and the Erieutebip, wore lost na gale, rew saved, 

Mediterranean, 1/Utile, 18, Be 2. Canes, upset laa Kaley erew perished—la. Ata 
SEoehamatih Belt at Portus, Present Bie. Padey, Marto! inl Bie Willan 
Parker, Hart. late Commander in Chief in the River Bt. Lawrence, for various charges, were of 

that be was jurified in sexsi the America aud Cleopatra to the West Indies; Wot eas Une 
































SeERRREErze8 
Sse 





Coldst. 
Bd ditto 
Ist Foot, 


s 
sEse 
zeae 








2d bat, 
3d bat, 
st bat, 
2d bat, 
Ist bat, 
2d bat, 


Ist bat.| 


‘2d bat. 








Newbridge . 
Dublin. 





Hounslow 
ngal. 
Edinburgh * 
Madras. 
Leeds 5 
Coventry - 
Fengal’. 
Dublin 
Croydon 
Portman Street 
nightsbri 
Weber = 
Dublin 
Westminster 
Tower 
Ring's Mews 
‘Trinidad 
‘Madras . 
Bombay 
Bengal. 
Newry 
Galway + 
Bombay 
Malta 
Dublin 
Belfast. 
Zante 
Corfu. 
Gibraltar 
Bengal . 
beet: 














Reserve , 
Companies. 








Fort 


Upnor Casile « 
Mas 





Kinwle > 
Wexford. 
Londonderry « 
Chatham. 2} 
Dito. 1 


























Year of | Yearoi , 
going on , returning 
Foreiga from Fo- 
Service. reign Ser-) 

vices | 
rae Leis 
hy 1816 


1816 | 
eis 
qe. Dito 
1wid i Spain 
1w13 Portugal 
1814 | Spain 

1808 | uenos Ay. 
1799} Holland 
Weld | Spain 

1816 | France 





1e18 | France 
1816 | France 
1818 | Franco 
1823 | Hengal 


1813 | Portugal 
1828 | Portugal 


1928 | Portugal 


iid | Span 
ieiG | Franco 


1823 | Hombay 
lents variolus periods 
ee | 1a | Portugat 
tot | 1818 | France 
so. | 1ara | France 
foe | WWM | Eranee 





118 | France 
Tei | Fran 
2 | 1928 | Portugal 











+ + | 1828 
to. | 1826 
1821 
1825 
+e | Uses 
. | 1827 
1923 
1822 


1807 











126 











Regiments and 
‘Corps. 


15th Foot. 
16th do. . 
17th do. 
18th do 
19th do 
20th do 
2ist do 
22d do 
23d do 
24th do 
25th do 
26th do. 
27th do’. 
28th do... 
W9thdo. . 
30th do. 
Bist do. 5 
82d do. . 
Bad do. . 
B4thdo. . 
85th do. 
36th do. 
37th do. 
38eh do . 
39th do. 
40th do . 
4lst do. 
42d do. 
43d do. 
44th do. 
45th do . 
46th do. . 
4mh do. 5 
48th do... 
49th do. . 
50th do. . 
bist do. . 
52d do. . 
53d do. . 
S4thdo. . 
S5thdo. . 
56th do. . 
57th do. 
58th do . 
59th do . 
60th do 1st bat| 
2d bat| 
Gist do 
62d do 
63d do 
Gath do. 
65th do. 
66th do 
67th do 
68th do . 














Mauritius 
Gosport. - 
Bent. 2 
Dublin» ~ 
Jamaica. 
Halifax, N.8. 
St. Lucia 

Bir. . ¢ 
Enniskillen 





Madras 
isle of Wis 
Madras fat 
Bengal. | 
Blackburne 
Corfu. . 
Halifax, N.8. 
Gibraltar 
Madras . 

Cay 

Bin 
N. 8. Wales 
Ceylon. 
Weedon. 
Limerick 
Portsmouth 
Ceylon . 
Limerick 
N.S. Wales 
Dublin. 








Reserve 
Companies. 


Cestlebar « 
Chatham 
Piymoath » 
Youghall 
Chatham 








Chatham . 
Jersey « 
Plymouth » 


Dover. 2. 





Nas.) 
‘Mollingar . 
Jersey. 


Chatham - 
Harwich . 
Chatham - 
Dover . 

Paisley. 
Devon 

Deal ya . 
Chatham + + 
Chatham -! 
Deal . . 
Chatham : 
Portsmouth 
Portsmouth 
Naas. . 
Chatham - 
Toverness | 


Landguard For 
Armagh. 














1823 


1827 


1829 
1629 
1825 


1826 
1825 


1829 


1827 


1826 


1829 
1828 
1829 
1823 


1928 


1826 








‘Whence 
returned, 


Bengal 


St. Vincents, 


Bengal 


Jamaica 


Mauritius 














327 





86th do: 
‘87th do . 
8th do. 
9th do - 
‘90th do 
91st do « 
92d do . 
93d do. 
94th do « 
‘95th do . 
‘96th do . 
97th do - 
98th do - 
‘99th do . 
Rifle B. Ist bat! 
2d baty 4 
Rl. Staff Cor 
Ist West India 
Regiment 
2d ditto... 
Ceylon Rifle : 
Regiment . 
‘Cape Mounted 
Ris iflemen 
Royal African 
Colon. Cor 
Ri. clon Core 
land Veteran, 
‘Company 
RI. New South | 
Wales Vet.! 
Company 
Royal Malta 
Fencibles 








Corfu. 
Bermuda 
Mauritius 
Glasgow. 
Jamaica 
Malta 
Barbadoes 
‘Manchester. 
Cephalonia « 
Mads. 
Corfu 
Jamaica” 
Kilkenny + 








Mauritius 
Nalifex, N. 
Malta 
Hythe 





Trinidad 


| N. Providence 


| Ceylon. 


Cape 


Sierra Leone 


‘Newfoundland 


N.S. Wales 
Malta 








Spike Island 
Butter 





Buroley 
j Sunderlond 


Guernsey . 
Chatham | 
Conk. Y 
Devonport 
Battevant . 
Tralee. + 
Chatham | 


Ft.Cumberland| 





Londonderry « 


Stockport + 
Plymouth « 
Portsmouth 


Plymouth. : 


Waterford . 
Kilrush 
Cork 
Dover + 
Devonport 





Colonial Corps. 





1829 


1827 


1827 


lents vario| 





Ceylon 


Bengal 


Jamaica 


jus periods. 








T38 


ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY. 





Principal Commanders in-Chief, and 


Principal Staff at Head-Quarters. Governors abroad. 





Secretary.at-War.— Right Hon. W. ae taajgs,—f Hent-Gen. Sir Alored 














‘Windham. Clarke, K.B. 
Jamaica and its Dependencies —Liew.- 
Commander.in-Chief,? Field-Marshal Gen. Eart Balearras. 
H.R. H. the Dake of York, K.G. ‘Lieut.-Gea, H. RH. 
; North America— 2 Prince Rdward,K.G, 
1798. | Adjotaut-General.—- General Sir W. ‘Lieut.-Gen. Henry 
Paweett, K.B. ‘Bowyer,from 8th 
tatands,— 4. Maye 
Quarter - Master-General — General; Heewardslands— scot! Gen, Thomas 
George Morrison. ‘Trigge, from 23d 
Lieat.-Gen. David Dundas. November. 
Gen, ihe Hon, Sir Charles 
Maser Genera ot the Ontouce — , Minrss—{ “Gist 
Gen, Marqals Cornwallis, KG. | Cape of Good Hope —Earl Macartney. 
Brig-Gen, the Hon. 
‘Lieut. General of the Ordnance —Gen. 8 Domlngo— "Thomas Maluand. 


‘Hon. Sir W. Howe, K. B. Gloraitar—Gen. Charles O'Hara. 




















Total Nember of Troop mainenaed by the County, incleding yy 

‘Militia, Fencibles, and the India Forces . eat 

Expense of dite, ditto. se ee ts Osa GOT 18 6 
DISTRIBUTION OF THE REGULAR FORCES. 

Great Britain, Jersey, and Goernsey seve ee ee 48,600 


Plantations, Gibraltar, Portagal, Cape of Good Hope, and New South Wales. 30,018, 
East Indles (four regiments of Light Dragoons and fifteen regimenta of Poot) - 22,174 


7 Ov THE ARMY IN IRELAND 





BUTION OF THE 


Field Sabal- |” Quartermasters, Serjeants, | Rank and 
Oficers, | Captains, | terna, | Staft, | Trompeters, and Drummers. | File. 
Cavalry 80 102 ws | 92 538 1015 
Infantry rt | at | torr | oar 3183 30810 
Recruited 2 oe ee eee + aor 
Discharged on account of wounds... 7172 
Killed of died inthe service 5 5 4008 


Foreign Troops in the service of Great Britain 
Fxpense of ditto. se ee ee ee + £28,088 8 
Volunteer Cavalry. 2 0 ee ee es 10,180 
MILITARY PENSION LIST. 

48 Widows of Clones s+ + + at £80 per annum £0409 

Lyeutenani-Colonels - 2. Ls + 80 








aucenes 


2 Staff Surgeons and Apotbecaries 











© His Royal Highnete's commission as Commander-in-Chiet is dated the th April in this year : 
previously, his appointment was ‘* Fleld-Marshal on the Staf.” 

' According to a retarn of the Troops employed In Ireland, whether Cavalry, Infantry, Artillery, 
Militia, or District Corps, during 1797, 1708, and 1799, the numbers were a» under 








Diutrict Corps. 
———_ 

‘Year, | Cavalry. | Infantry. | Artillery. | Militia, { Cavalry. | Infantry. |° Total, 

u7 om 12,000 1403 | 22,358 8370 31asa | 78,003 

1798 7080 18410 ros | 22455 6H saart | ol87 


rr | 5003 lost ver | nae | 13216 e800 | 118,052 


ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY. 129 


MILITARY ACHIEVEMENTS AND OCCURRENCES, AND CHRONOLOGICAL 
‘VENTS OF THE ARMY. 

Feb. 23. In comequence of the dlamiseal of the Duke of Norfolk from the command of the Ist 

‘Weat York Militia, the Officers addressed the Prince of Wales to become their Colonel, bat whlch 
bbls Royal Highness, from a nuober of insuperable objections, 
Lieut. Gen. Sir Ralph Abercromby declared In public orders, that “the very diogrceful frequency 
‘of Conrte Martial, and the many complaints of irregularities In the coadact of the troops In Ireland, 
‘had too unfortunately proved the army to be in. state of licentionsness, which mast render It formld 
able to every one bat the enemy."-27. A mutiny broke out on board the feet at the Cape of Good 
Hope, which was quelled by the spirited exertions of Gen. Dundas and the military. All the bat- 
teries were manned, and upwards of 100 pieces of eanoon were loaded and pointed at the Admirals 
hip; the fornaces were heated, and red hot balls were resdy to pour into and sink the Tremendous, 
‘which was at anchor before the Amsterdaun barracks, incase the mutioeers should refase to deliver 
‘Rp the delegates, with the ringleaders, and retara to obedience. A proclamation was laraed, and. 
‘aly two hoars allowed for the mutineers to consider whether they would return to thelr daty of not. 
‘When they foand that it was positively deterinined to sink the abip iu case of a refusal, the sigual of 
submission was hoisted, and the delegates given up- 

‘March 19, Dublin proclaimed in a state of insurrection. 

April 30." Brig.Gen. the Hon. Toomas Maitland concluded Treaty with Gen. Toussaint L/Oaver- 
fare, forthe evacuation ® of St. Domingo by the British troops, and auch of the French Colonists 
1 chote to follow the fortune of his Majesty's arms. 

May 10. A force + under the command of Major-Gen. Byre Coote, landed early in the morning at 
Oneod, when the town was attacked on the see-tide by a aquadron under Sir Home Popham. ‘The 
works between Ostend and Bruges were destroyed, and also a uamber of boats destined for the lnva- 
sion of England. ‘The troope hat retreated, and were ready to reewbark by twelve o'clock the 
same morning, with the loss of only one rank and le killed, but found it imposible, from the wind 
‘baving increased, and the surf running 20 high, as entirely to prevent their regaining the boats, npoa 
which they took up a poston on the aadslls above the reach, where they ay the whole of the Gay 
‘and night upon thelr armns. ‘The enemy taking advantage of the length of time and the night, collected 
in very great force, and soon after daybreak ob the 20th, attacked the Britsh on every side, and Major 
Gen. Coote was under the neceusty of surrendering. On this occasion Major-Gen. Coote was wounded ; 
Lieat.-Col. Hely, 11th Foot, killed; and Col. Campbell; 24 Foot Guards, badly wounded (died of his 
‘wounds).—20, The Hon. Cal. Finch dangerously wounded in the groin whilst exercising some compa- 
nies ofthe Foot Gaards, by some combustible matter fired from « musket on Barham Dowos—23. 
The rebellion breaks out in Ireland.—24, Hostiliies commenced between the Irish rebels and the 
King’s troops at Naas.—28. A party of one hundred men of the North Cork Miliia cut off by the 
rebela at Enniscorthy ; Col. Foote and two privates ooly eseaped. Soon after the rebels matte them- 
selves master of Wexford and Enniscorthy. 

June 4. The Irish rebels defeated a detachment ander Col. Walpole, near Slicvebay Mountain, 
The Colonel was killed by a shot in the head in the beginning ofthe action, when his corps being in 

jou where it could not act with advantage, it was forced 10 retreat ty Arklow.=—S. Major- 
Gen, Johnson4| after a hant fought action, defeated the rebels at New Rost, with the loss of 30 left 






























* Alternate defeats and tampbs terminated, on the whole to the advantage of the natives; who, 
besides the immense and almost incalculable superiority of their numbers, were aided by the power: 
fol alliance of climate, the possession, and a thorongh knowledge of the country, aud by gratual expe- 
rience in arms. A handful of British soldiers were Unable to do more than to exhibit many and 
brilliant exauples of discipline and bravery. For, in these too, the mulatoes anil negroes made a 
rapid progress, and_soon learned to bafle European tactic, aud to defy all the wealth and other 
resources of civilized ations. 

+ It consisted of two companies of Light Infantry, Coldstream Guards, two ditto 3d Foot Guards 
110h Regiment of Foot, 23d aad 40th dank companies, with sx pieces of ordnance 

£'* His Majesty's Guards, conspicuous upon all occasions, on this service have added to their for. 
mer laurels"—Disraren. 

51" The loss of this invaluable offcer to the service is irreparable, and by 
lamented.”—Disrarcn. 

1 Gen. (uow Sir Henry) Johnton served during the American war, and was then severely wounded fa 
the heal. Atthe battle of Ross, the General had two horses shot under him, and narrowly escaped belng 
illed by a cannonball from ove of the adjoining hills, whilt he was recomnoitering the enemy's 
proach. At one period of the battle, from the continual infux of fresh rebels, it beeame atterly fimprac- 
ticable for the King's troops to maintain their ground ; and notwithstanding the exertions of Joha1on, 
‘who threw himaclf into the thiekest of the actlon, and whenever the mien began to waver gallantly placed 
hineIt in their front, and led them on, necesity and discretion pointed out the propricty of a re- 
treat. For the purpose of affording to the infantry an opportunity of retreating with some reeulaity, 
the Sih or Royal Trish Dragoons were ordered to charge the uimerous body of rebels armed with 
pikes from ten to twelve feet long, and experienced in the practice of those formldable weapons, 
‘The instructions to the rebels were to pierce the horse In the flank, nod thur obtain an eaty con: 
‘quent over the rider, who naturally fll, embarrassed by the plunging of his horse, and the dluorered 


U.S. Jounw. No. 13. Jax, 1830. K 























country ever to be 
































130 ANNALS OF THE BRUTISH ARMY, 


the spat, 6 That brave aficor, Lard Sto. fll ently inthe contest"—Dusraron.—O, 
‘Marge ety errs teed Soraen, NeeMe oH ty Arows aud were ve beck wh 
Piece “ot the Tnsrgzals wt HIN Yet the eaunpy ke wad sete 

and rerurned tc g =10, A body of rebels hasing amiomblert near Saintfiebt, 

: by a ent pace eenee, eas ot tet ‘natered sone lose, Wat he 









Hate of bis accoutrements, In this confitet the beuvy squadron were almort entirely cut to pleves or 
Aimabled. ‘The Charter Mastor with difficulty mye hia retroat, aegormpanied only by nine men, 
to the appusite side Of the river, whither the infantry had retired and furmed. By this time Jehuson’s 
“force was diminished more than one hall, Pereriving, however, that the robels had aeglected to 
‘follow vp thoir alvantape, he exhorted ie troops in x well-timed apeceh Wo recover their gronnd, 
‘aunt concluded by deainniz svch as were willing 10 conyner oF die With thelr Genera} to follow bin, 
“An wwtul vilenes prevailed for a few minutes, afer whieh the Quorter-Master, and the few inex 
‘ehoeEIng to the OI Druenoon whe ‘were ablo'Wo Won thelr Dorset, preamed. forward, #X- 
Toes ere Save ad sie We Lae dees fab thal acd Ga support OF Uhcle: jemeral, and to 
‘revengy their fallon conmraiten™ A shout of applause femed from every part of the colon, and ter. 
“anoated With three chews, aud a Yenweral cry of * (ioe save the King! and saccem to Gen. Jobason."” 
‘Under wicle wuapices of aceortamt ven} ancl enirvatiug aifectiony 1 was wot eifleult for Zubmn fo ree 
ave the fortune of the day. Ross wat luntanily evtaken, and x deead{ul carnage ensued; and 0» the 
“May followiny, above 2000 Of (he Hebel eareascs Wore removed fren the town, We have entered 
Snlv this detail to show the important service of « rexlinoat that we shall havo to notice in our neat 
8 ‘= censure wud diggraen the tmost singular that has occurred. ia the military: 
‘Witory of Great a 
| * X nobleesans whose omen vietwe shed « mill railance ever the strongersmarhesl als of bia 
fdaricter ues coy aud tateunan, He el at the head of Me regiments the reat Dae 
wounds, and with bie expiring breath exhorted his men (0 persevere Ia 
aire Papen 
+ TNs battle, next to that of Row, war the mort dewperate that secarred diring the rebellion, 
£ The inmurgente, at owe iit, Rad made a cooriderabte lmpresion upow cur forces, and had acta 
ally taken possewlon of a part Of oar artillery. This, however, war soon afterwards ereovured, with 
courlderable tow on the part of the enemy, Hy sale companies Of light Inruucry Belonging to the 
Wish Militias “The tater Were Tod ow i x move wpirited and gallant manwor-by Major Danie, late of 
the Atet Regiment. Thi brave ufeet effected that ionpuriant serviee, anal continu to unimate a0 
ebeouraye his men, although he could hiuwlf hive small hopes of enjoying the victory, He te 
‘exived 9 moxtal wont eatly fw the astions He bad sigualleed Nowell i every ellinate: te waa 
Wounded in the Kast Indies, on the Continent, and at St. Locie, whero, at the beud of thy grenwtiers 
‘De covnmumident, ine callantly starred a fortron. 








ig 
‘portion, Jovronns bigydasoemed tha town of Eaalaery, pon the vey Blaveys nasil at 
‘de foot of ¥luewar Till, where the Insurgents were powed (a qnnaideratte fore, They hd Fortinet 
‘he hvisige; the marketplace, and other public buildings s amd a dost galling fire was kept up pow 









the King’s troope from the houses aod hye slneets. Tn the voninedeenient i ihe atfyely strong de: 
Rehinent of Hight latent, '¥> bad penetrated tale the town, was beat 
sy swe uncanny dt Bat voto acanding tin 
‘aster, ad it, a rioforeement of Kiag’s troop, with snore 
artilloy. © 


EFFE 
a 
i 
t 

i 


GAZETTES. 131 


Joly & The Wietlow tnrrgents completely diopered by the enlied frets of Gon, Needham and 
Dor. 
‘August. 22. A French army® of 1000 men, ander Gen, Humbert, landed tn Killala Bay, Ireland, 
‘and took possession of Killala, making the Bishop, a detachment of the Prince of Wales's Fencibles, 
‘and some yeoren, pritoners.—-26. The British possessions at Honduras attacked by a Spanish foree, 
Dat repolsed with loss by Lieut.-Col. Baron and Capt. Ross, R.N.—27. The French troops attacked 
and defeated Gen. Lake at Castlebar, before his forces were collected, and compelled him to retire 
with the lous of six pieces of cannon. 

September 4. The Marquis Cornwallis, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, advanced against the French 
at Castlebar, who retreated to Sligo, leaving bebind them 200 stand of arms, between 49 and 50 by 
ras of gunpowder, a quantity of pikes, and thelr sick and wounded. —6. The Limerick Militia aod 
some detachments of British Fencibles defeated by the French at Colcony.—8. The French, after 
sustaining the attack of a column of the Marquis Cornwallis army, ander Lient.-Gen. Lake, surren- 
dered at Ballivamack,t at discretion. « The perseverance with which the soldiers supported the ex: 
traordinary marches which were necessary to stop the progress of the very active enemy does them 
the greatest credit, and Lord Cornwallis heartily congratulates them on the happy lssue of their 
meritorious exertions.”"—GuneeaL Onpans.—23. The Irish rebels driven from Killala, and 270 
barrels of gaupowder captared at the head.quarters of the French commander. This proved a deck 
sive blow to the rebellion—30. Col. Burke and Major Rellow execated for high treason, 

November 15. The Island of Minorca surrendered to Licut.Gen. the Hoa Charles ‘Stuart and 
Cominodore Duckworth. * The sopport I have experienced from Major-Gen. Sir James St. Clair 
Erskine, Brig.-Gens, Stuart and Oakes, the exertion of Leut.-Col. Richard Stewart, my Adjutant- 
General, the zeal, spirit, and perseverance, of both the olfcers and men of the ditferent regiments 
‘under my command, have eminently contributed to the success of the expedition, and authorise me 
to represent their services as highly deserving bis Majesty's most gracious approbation.” —Disrarcu. 
—£2,820.825 volantary contributions in aid of the war, besides £130,332 15s, remitted from the 
British Settlements at Bengal.—27. Leave was given for a Bill to be bronght Into Parliament for 
‘continuing, for a time to be limited, the Act of the 38th of his Majesty, enabling his Majesty to avail 
‘himself of the voluntary offers of the British Militia to serve out of the kingdom. 

December 3. Capt. R. 8. Dickson, R.N. of La Victoriewse, with Major Lawrell and the Reyal 
Rangers, attack Rio Caribe, and Gurapano, destroy the forts, and bring off the guns. “I never saw 
more cool courage displayed than by Major Lawrell, Lieuts. Case and M'Rensey, and the soldiers 
‘and seamen under thelr command, by attacking two forts with 70 men, defended at least by 300."— 
Disrarcu.—20. Provisional Treaty of Subsidy between England and Rosia, for employing 45,000 
men againat France. 
































OBITUARY, 1708. 
Jan. 16, Gen. Sir John Dalling, K-B. Colonel 37th Foot. 
Jane 16, Major-Gen. William Crosbie, Colonel 22d Foot. 
‘Avg. 21, Licat.Gen. Sir Adam Williamson, K.B. Colonel 724 Foot. 





GAZETTES. 


MILITARY PROMOTIONS, &. their receiving a commuted allowance for their 
:—Ens, Orlando Charles Tipton, b. p. 
Ena. William Henry Wilson, bh. ps 
Ens. Francis Henry Hurslem, bh. p. ua: 
Charles Graham, by p- Tat Pt; Adjt. 
allough, . p. 20Ist Ft; Lien 
1s been cancelled from the 7th George Henry Layard, he p. sath Pt; Leak 
ve, upon their receiving a commnted Gee, b. p. 40th Ft Lieut, Thomas Mi 
‘their commissions ;—Statl Surg, ward iver, b. p. 934 Ft, 
n Clarence, b. p.; Lieut. Philip Hospital Staft—Dr, Charles Farrel, Brevet 
Bize Entwistle, b. p. 8ith Ft.3 Lieut. Peter Do- Inqyvetor of Hospitals, from h, p. to be Depaty 
nald, Hohne, b. p. 96th Ft.; Lieut. Sylvanus Inspector of Hospital 
Jones. bp. Sth Fre; Lieut, Lloyd Henry de see 
Ruvynes, b. p. 60th Fi OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, Dxc. 10. 
Frratumn in the Gazette of the 20th of October 
pnipay, ogc. 11 Jast.—Corps of IAI. Eng.—For Gent. Cadet Peter 
‘The b. p. of the undermentioned officers hax I. Wright, to be Second Licut.,read Gent, Cadet 
been cancelled from the 1th inst ive, upon Peter Robert Wright, to be, 







YROM Nov. 24 70 DEC. 25. 
WAR-OFFICE, nov. 26. 
LONDON GAxETTE, Nov. 27. 
The b. p. of the under-men- 











Memorandum, 
tioned officers 











allowance 
Surtees Will 






































ecisive action at ¥ 
was for a time retarded by the arrival of this force. 

+ Ninety sia. French officers, including Gens, Humbert, Saratin, and Fontaine, 746 non-commls- 
sloned officers and soldiers, and 100 horses were taken. 


regar Hill gave reason to 





a 


i 
i 
Hs 


i 
et 





i 
E 


i 
E 
F 


[ 
i 


i 
Ff 
i 
i 
i 


Tail 
My 
nae 

£ 

j 

i 

i 


1B: 


Jabo MacMyhou, trom, 
Vis be Major, viow Wana, who exe. 

Ditior—Laewts James Gonton, (0 be Capt 
‘ioe Nickle, who vet.5 Rua Thos. Vannee, 


iis 


1 DrOND 


Mth joes Willlam Bowverie, 


10 bo Major, by pe vice Bucblans, whe vet.» Cape, 
Pip ey we = 
Monverio 


is froth. ps 1 be Capie view 





Birt, 

plowes 
joniagu Hurrows, 
from FI, Afiean Golowhal Curys, uw be Lieut. 
‘vice Sunh, prom. 


p. vleo Bruce, who ret; 
‘DY p. vice Cn 


Webi Wn Bosth, Det to be Ean bro» 


3th Ditio—Ens. Jub Willoek, from be p 36 
Pi. to be Ens. vice Nathaniel 





froth p. to be Ba, wiew Blaha, who as rok 
feom the service. 

‘th Ditor—Major Hemry Waring, from 3a PG 
Ww be Major, vice MucMalion, who «xe. 


IML Ditto Asst Bury, Job Moly nen, fron 
ep Bl, Atican Corpo be Asante arg 


GALRTTES. 


Otth Ditto Lest. Hach Davidwoo, treen bp. 
Wo be Lieut. view Alex, Jolin M'Phersom, wh own 
‘we. the dif. : ant 


eth Dito—Ldew. Gen, Sty Witham Anno, 
K.C.1b. to be Colonel, view Gem. Mobolls, dec, 
Regiment —LarutCol, Charles Arh, 


" Sacalener, trom py to L¢ Lieut Coloue, vice 


Birt, deo-+ Williaws Englich WieeKalward Barwes, 
Gent. to be Laent, without p. view ody pret. 

Cnateselied —Liewts Hetry Des Vora (rom 
UM Ph. to be Capt. of Int. by: ps5 Kine Thomas 
O'Grady, treen Lath Pt. w be Liewts oF Lose by Ds 


FRVDNY. B80 Mh 
oth Rees, Li. Kir Taent. Hebert Giderd, 10 
tbe Capts Wy pr vice Ty We Gilda whe ret 
Cor. Lncomnbe: Pyree, 0 be Lieut typ. ion 
Giaarts che Rowley, eat we be Corby p. 
tot Reps Foot.—Payrn. Wen. Granville Sharp, 
from We African Colonial Corpay to be Bayan. 
View Gravts 
‘a0 Dito.—Lent. Jan Valaser, fort Bp. Kt. 
‘York Hangers; 10 te Liewts vice Stephen, app. 
to Rite Brigade. ‘ 
‘22d Ditte—Lient, Jobe As Muebey vo be Capt. 
‘vee Wroughtva, who -rvtey Ban Nobert 
» to be Livat. by ph view Mackey: Toh 
‘Chilivers Gent, 10 bv Kaw By p. wee Hayhy, 
Md Wittor—Ldewt, Flug Marys frum doth Pry 
to he Ldewtwiew Haruthy, spp-to the Otat Foot. 
dad Mitta—Cape. Hagh Auizew Pumsery to be 
Majer witheot pa vier Maloalm, dees Lieut. Do 
aaa eeag Aso ie eee Poa 
‘aunpbell (0 be Lievle Vee B*Kay’. 
Mth DhtorsThome Wine Hremiar Gent, to 








Od Ditto—Ligut.-Col, Prancls Battersby, freer 
A. po bo Lieat-Cal, ele Falinan Custanee, who: 
exe. Fy we lit 

th Ditto. — Lieut. John O'Meara, from ad 
‘Wat Integr he Tew, or Warburton, 
spp, to arth Poot 

‘Mth Ditto, Liewt. Thamas O'Grady, from h. p. 
ve be" Lier, vee George Gate, Whe este te 
‘dist, 

£24 Ditto. Major Hon, Henry Dondva, to be 
Lieut, Col, by p. viee Comber, whe ret; Capt. Box 
tel Trydell, @ be Major by ps vice Dowilasy Tout, 
ohn Horrlion, to b6 Capt. by p. view Trydell ; 
‘Eins. Henry Stephon George Bowles, tw be Liew. 
by pr vive Harrisons Hon. Hebert Clifford, to be 
ae by p. vies Bowen: 

WUC) Ditto—Lieut, Win. Kenry Togers, from 
bh. oat ‘Thegt, to be Lint, rice Maney, app. to 


‘4¥t Ditto—Lieut. Win, Wilson Horus, fro 
24 Fis be La sea RAN Wo Pos 
‘key, wha ret. apon ht. p. Cape Ke. 

‘ih. Ditio.—Hrevet Melon Fob 








10. be 
Major by p. view Patton, prom.; Liew. Pred. 
Comet Harlow, to be fy vice Tyler; 


Kine, Charles Nagel, to be Lieut. by ps vice Bar 


GAZBTTES. 


Ieys Joe Cito, Coat tbe Bae Wy prow 

‘Rie Brigade —Licat. Praneis Hearle Stephens, 
trom 20th Foot, to be Lieut. vioe Robert Dering, 
whe ret. opon b. p. Royal York Rangers. 

‘ad West India Regt—Lieat, Colin Buchanan, 
from bh. p. Royal York Rangers, to be Lieut. vice 
O*Meara, app. to the 00th Foot. 

‘Umattached.—Major Alexander Hope Pattison, 
from 97th Foot, to be Leut-Col. of Infantry, by 
p—The under-mentioned Lieut. actually serving 
‘upon f. p. ina Regt. of the Line, whose commis 
sion is dated in the year 1811, bas accepted prom. 
‘upon h. p. according to the General Order of 27th 
Dec. 1826: To be Capt. of Infantry, without p, 
Lient. Jobn Atherton, from the 47th Poot. 

‘Memorands.—The under-mentioned officer bas 
deen allowed to retire from the Service, by the 











‘nt Regt. of RL, Surrey Militia. —Thamas George 
Carey Riley, Esq. to be Capt. 

‘WL. Mid Lothian Yeomanry —Major Loni Elcho, 
to be Léeut-Col. vice Sir John Hope, prom. 
Earl of Morton, to be Major, vice Lard Elcho, 
rom. ; Lieut. John Bonar, to be Capt. vice W. 
Young Herries, res ; Cor. Win. R. Hamay, to 
be ditto, vice Sir Francis Walker Drummond, 
res} Lieut. Adam Hay, to be ditto, viee Robert 
Cockbara, res. ; Lieat. Pater Ramaay, to be ditto, 
‘vice Thomas Newton, res. ; James Walker Dram 
‘mond, Gent. to be Cor. vice Ramsay, proto. 





FRIDAY, Dxc. 25, 

BL. Regt. Horse Gas,—Second Lieut. Hon, W. 
P. Cowper, from the Ceylon Regt.tobe Cornet, by 
p. vice R.'S. Gascolgne, who ret. 

oh Regt. Drs—Ser). F. M'Dowell, to be 
Quartermast, vice Dickson, dec. 

Teh Regt, Lt. Dr—Lieat, Christopher Tower, 
to be Capt. by p. vice Sir Simeon Henry Stuart 
Pho ret.5 Cornet Philip Thomas Herbert Wyke- 
1m, to be Lieut. by p. vice Tower; Serjt-Major 
‘Thomas Paterson, to be Adjt. with the rank of 
Cornet. vice Tower 

Toth Lt. Drs.—Lieut, William Octavius Ward, 
from 12th Ft, to be Lieut, vice Vandeleur, who 

In_Regt. Foot—Ens. John Gray Wilton, to 
be Lieut. without p. vice William Munro Mac- 
Kentie, dec.; Frederick Augustus Wetherall, 
Gent. to be Ens. vice Wilton, 

12th Ditto.—Lieut. George Vandeleur, from 
oth Lt. Drs. to be Lieut. vice Ward, who exe. 

‘2th Ditto.—Amsiat-Surg. Percy Fitzpatrick, 
from h. p. Sint Ft to be Assist-Surg. viee O'Toole, 
ret upon b. p. 

25th Ditto.—Lient. William Dean, from ret. 
list of tat RL. Vet. Battalion, to be Paymast, vice 
‘Martin Macleod, who reverts to his former bh. p. 

Ceylon Regiment,—William Dicksoo, Gent. to 
bbe Second Lieat. by p. vice Cowper, app. to the 
RI. Horse Gas, 
































133 


Memorandum—Tee ball pay of the under-men- 
tdoned officers has been cancelled from the 25th 
Inet. tucladive, upon thelr receiving « commuted 
allowance for thelr commisdous:—Ena. Hon, 
George Francis Robert Harris, h. pe uate; 
Lest. Thomas John Neill, b. p.-unatt.; Eos, 
Owen Wynn. Grey, bh. p. 7th Garrison Badtallon ; 
leat. Joweph Atkinson, b. p. 6th Ft; Lest, 
Henry Row Lewin, b. p. 70th Ft.; Lest. Henry 
‘Boathillier, bp. Canadian Voligears; Ena. Thomas 
Lewen, b. p. 30th Ft. ; Cornet Peter Nicholas de 
Carteret, b. p. 12th Lt, Dra; Ens, Nethaslel 
Reld, b. p. 34 Ft.; Bas Henry Dely, b. p. 67th 
Ft; Lieat. Beauchamp Colclongb Urgobart, b. p. 
Tist Ft, ; Ena, Edward Noel, h. p. unatt.; Leet. 
William Henry Bourne, bp. 21st Fi.; Eas 
Carden Terry Williams, b. p. 92d Ft. 

‘Staffordshire Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry. 
—Lent.-Col. Edward John Littleton, aq. to be 
Lieot-Col-Commandant, vice Monckton, res; 
‘Major Toomas Viscount Anson, to be Lieut-Col- 
vice Littleton, prom. ; Capt. Kdward Monckton, 
to be Major, vice Viscount Ausoa, prom. 





CHANGES IN STAFF APPOINTMENTS. 
Leot-Col. Churchill, b. p. to be Aldde-Camp 
to Lieat-Gea. Sir E. Barnes, Governor of Ceylon. 
Major Dundas, RL Art. to be Mil. Bec. to 
Lcat.-Gen. Bir E. Cole, Governor of the Oape of 
Good Hope. 

‘Major R. Macdooald, bp. to be Ald-de-Cemp 
to Major-Gen. Sir John Keane, Lieut.Governor 
of Jamaica. 

Sarg, Short, to be Surg. to the Forees, In the 
Bristol Distt, viee Sarg. Hilson. 

Gol. F. Cockburn, 24. West Indla Regt. to be 
Superintendent at Hondaras, vice Major-Gen, Ed- 
‘ward Codd, dec. 





ROYAL ARTILLERY APPOINTMENTS. 

Liewt.-Col, Gamble, to be Principal Comman- 
ant of the Ordnance Department at Malta, vice 
the Hon. Col. Gardener. 

LieutCol. Power, to command the Northern 
District, Ireland, vice Lieat.-Col Armstrong. 

Lient.-Col, Lloyd, to tha Chef command of the 
RU. Art. at the Cape of Good Hope, vice Lieat, 
Stokes, 

ROYAL ENGINEERS. 

Capt. Hustler commands the Rl. Engineers in 
Dablio, antil a successor is appointed 0 the late 
Lieat.-Gen, Fyers* 

‘A considerable reduction in the Staff of the 
‘West Indies has lately taken place, which incl 
Ast Assistant-Adjotant-General, 24 Assistant, and 

Deputy - Assistant Quarter - Master- General ; 
and two Majors of Brigades, one at Demerara, and 
the other at Antigua, 


















‘© Major-Gen. Pilkington, not Col. Daraford, is 
expected to succeed General Fyera as chief of 
Engineer Dopartment i Ireland- 





134 
BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. 


BIRTHS. 
sth, At Eiten’s Lodge, wear taveruer, 
Pinte Sian, Kober or Roysl 






A 


i 


i 


Bal 
£ 


AM Mowsley Hurst Mousey the Lady of Lieut 
Col. Dual Be Leger lew dossiers 
fentiagdon Danofrheeshire, the Lady: 


2a, Te Lawion, the Lady of Capt. Me “> 
“ena 


Barkley Henderson, of the 


Now, 180. At Bt. George's, Hanoversequare, 
dent. WC. Webber, TLN. 10 Catherine, only 


anger of the late Cal. George Mi 
Nor he Let Charce Witham BLN. to 
Tune, thir dnnghier af Sohn Hoy, Yan, of Stoke 


Samy, ot 


Aormerly resident a Hyder 


reo Tet, Robert Hob 
 Theagon Guards, 10 Margaret «Idee 
ter Of the late Col, Werell, of Belvedere, Wey 


eer, Te ot Wight, Lane 


Wert Greville, of Winstone Grove, Derbyshire. 
A Valinooth, Capt. We A 
‘85th Hegiment, to Wauny fourth daughter af Henry 


Dew IG At Plymouth, Major W. iti, 
a Soh Beximeat, Bist Mone, = 
‘Dee ¥. br London, Commasnder Henry Bote 


woley, Eqs oF 


Dice. 280. At Weymootly, MajonCen, Cole, to 
er of the Ine Mev. 8. Faye, 
Rector of Wyke and Portland. 
Lictt-Col. Craigie, of the Ferry 
Dank, Pife to Blariet, widow of dhe Hate Tleut- 
Gen, Maeiniyre, ot the Kevgal Artillery. 
7 


April 1th, ISB Myhney 
Celen, 
sth, Thom 





“Ange tihe De Glea, bapa, Stellan Regi 
soca, Wavendar, We 
‘Mareb oth. evts Shmprou (Ad). 0h Foot, 
Necharaporr, Nene. 
‘Comet Bouthbronk, half yay 230 Dragwons, 
xt, HL, Smite hag, th Dexgoom, 
sd Hendeauis Local 7 


‘shalt-pay, Raya Horse Guards, 
o 
Deputy Marveyor J. Mould, haifpays 
fi 7 
tay Sea, x Ja ay Bat Se 


r 
Nov, th 
ower 


‘Dre.Gil. AL Dinan, (a France, Counmander 
Johw Gontiner MeBrike AERiMlop, BLN. (1914). 





DBATHS. 


‘At Banleban, County of Cork, Ia the 6lst year of 
‘is age, Lieut.Gen. Richard O*Donovan, late of 
‘the 6th Dragoons. Major-Gen, Richard O'Dono- 
‘van was appointed a Cornet in the éth Dragoons, 
in 1760, He served on the Continent from 1st 
April, 1704, to the tat Dec. 1798, and was present 
‘at all’ the principal actions wherein the British 
army was engaged. The 14th June, 1813, he rose 
to the rank of Major-General. 

Dee. 3d. At his house in Chichester, in the 
oth year of his age, General Oliver Nicholls, 
Colonel of the o6th Regiment. General Nicholls 
centered the service on the 24d of November, 1756, 
as an Ensign in the 1st Regiment of Foot, and 
‘was appointed on tbe 4tiy of March, 1700, a Lie« 
tenant. He went in 1763 to Gibraltar, was pro- 
‘moted on the 234 of June, 1773, to « company, 
and returned in 1775 to England. He went ont 
to the West Indies in 1780, and served on board 
the feet til the eaptare of Bt. Enstatins, when he 
was employed by the late Sir John Vaughan, to 
Inspect and report upon the books of thote who 
styled themuelves English merchants; he after- 
‘wands was seat home with his report to the Se- 
retary of State. He obtained on the 1th of 
March, 1781, a Majority In his regiment; was 
Promoted in Feb. 1787, to. Li 
and fn Jone 1787, wi 
‘ment of Infantry. He embarked In March 1750, 
to Join his regiment in the West Indies; and 
commanded the troops in the Island of (Grenada 
Dearly three years, under General Matthew, then 
Commander-tn-Chief in the West Indies. He re- 
‘ceived on the Lat of March, 1704, the rank of Co- 
one in the army ; returned In the same year to 
England, aod embarked again In December for 
the West Indies, where he wus appointed Briga- 
dier-General, and also Quavter-Master.General. 
He was sent immediately after to the Island of 
Grenada, then in a state of inanrrection, and sue- 
‘ceeded in restoring that colony to order and trat 
quility, He was appointed on the 20th of Maj 
1795, Colonel of the ath West India Regiment; 
obtained on the 3d of May, 1796, the rank of Ma: 
Jor-General, and was placed on the Staff of the 
Wert fodies. After subsluing the rebellion in 









































Eat Indies, and subsequently to the chiet com- 


mand at Bombay. He received, on the 25th of 
Sept. 1903, the rank of IMeutenant.Gencral, and 
returned to England. Ie was wext placed on the 
Staff of the Kent district, was appointed on the 
Joth of July, 1807, Colonel of the 54th Foot, was 
removed on the 34 of Anguat, 1808, to the déth 
Regiment, and was raised on the sth of J 
1613, to the rank of General. 

Dec. 7th. Suddenly, at his residence in the 
Island of Jersey, Philip Pipon, Eaq. Captain in 
the Royal Navy, aged 58, after a short illness of 
eight days' doration. 

Dec. 11th. AU his seat, Stowell Lodge, Wilts, 
Admiral Sir George Montagne, 

At his scat 
Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, G.C.B., G.H.C., KT 
and Colonel of the 3d Regiment of Foot. 

‘At his hoase, Athole Crescent, Fdinburgh, Col 
‘William Douglas Hunter Knox, of the Hon, East 
India Company's Servic 

















135 


Dee, Lath, At Birkin, near Perrybridge, Lieat. 
Col, Willlam Smith of the Ist West York Militia 

Dec. 18th. At Windsor, aged 99, John Kinsey, 
Bag. formerly eutenant Colonel of the Ist or 
Royal Dragoons, 

‘Dec. 15th, At Brompton, Major-Gen. Edward 
Coad. 

Dec. 20th, In Berkeley Square, Gen. Lord 
Charles Fitzroy, of Wicken, Northamptonshire, 
Colonel of the 48th Regiment. 

LiewtCea, R. Bingham, of the 34 Foot— 
Lleat.-Gen, Bloghaun entered the service on the 
eae nents tan waste mee 
iment of Foot, and obtained in May 1700, a Lies. 
tenauey and the Adjatancy. “He ralted a compa 
ay In May 1798, in Ireland, with which he was 
sent to Chatham, where it was drafted. He was 
proumoted, on the 31st of Oct. 1703, to « company 
In the tesd Foot; to Majority iu Feb. 1708, and 
to « Lieutenant Coloveley on the 16th of Bept, 
1795. The replment was drafted the 24th of Sept, 
following, and this oficer remained unattached 
{GU placed ‘on hut-pay in the beglaning of 1708. 
He was seat, in Faly 1706, to Alderaey, to take 
the command of the forces stationed there, and 
remained tll July 1700, wheo he wat placed on 
the fall pay of the oth Went India Regiment, and 
removed ia August to the Oth Poot, He embark- 
fed'on the 1ot of Aug. aod Joined the expedition 
‘unter Sir James Pulteney, and afterwards that 
under Sir Ralph Abereromble. He returned tn 

uber to Lisbon, an! in March, 1801, to Eog- 
placed on half pay on the 

‘Duh of (et. 1802, and was appointed on the Oth 
July, 1803, 10 the d Foot. He obtained, on the 
251h'of Sept. 1803, the rank of Colonel, and on 
the 25th of Jaly, 1604, was placed on the Home 























Staff, on which he continued till the 24th June, 
1800. He was appointed in 1808 to the Stag in 
Ireland, and reursined there till the 25th May, 





109, whew he was removed to the Stat at Malta, 
He was sabsequently employed on the Staff of the 
Suwex disteict, He was caised on the 25th July, 
1810, to the rank of Major.General, and om the 
44th of June, 1814, to that of Licutenant-General, 

Dec. 2th, At Portobello, N.B. Vice-Admiral 
Fraser, aged 82. 

Capt. Quilliam, whore death we recorded in 
four last number, was a singular instance of those 
freaks of fortune called “luck.” Me was brought 
by Sir E. Gower from before the must—pro- 
moted to a lieutenaney, because two were want- 
ing in the Trivinph—made upwards of £3000 
Prize Money almost immediately after, by the 
‘capture of a Spanish Treasure ship, om the 17th 
ct. 1700, by the Ethalion Frigate, of which he 
‘was Third Lieutenant—was accidentally on board 
the Victory at Trafalgar, and through Nelson's 
death, mperseded the followers, and jumped at 
conce to Post Captain. 

s,* We have great pleatare in contradicting. 
the ‘report of the death of Lient.-Col. Nicholls, 
the CIvil Governor of Fernamlo Po, which we 
inserted in our last on the authority of a Country 
Newspaper, and which was stated to have taken 
place on the 1th of September lam. Letters 
written by Colonel Nicholls on the 20th of Sept. 
Ihave been recelved, at which time he had per- 
feetly recovered from the fever, and was in good 
health, 





























136 





METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, 


KEPT AT THE OBSERVATORY OF carr. w. m. smYTH, aT BEDFORD. 






































| 


Nov. | mama 

@l IN.W. fr. ga. beautiful dav. 
D2 IN.W.toS.W.fr-brz.dsqually 
$3 |S.W, cloudy and threatening,| 
Ba '8.8.W. fresh steady breeze. 
% 5 IS.W..It. br. clouds mounting: 
24 Is W. byW.agale driving sand, 
b 7 \S.W.toN.W. steadybr. bl.wr,! 
oa) W. by N. fresh bra. & cloudy.| 
> 9 |W.S.W.gl.abating el. liehigh,| 
$0 NW. freshbrz. clouds rising. 
ou W.S.W. blowing fresh. 
12) /8.W.1t. br-cloudythroughout. | 
g 13 \8.Welt.windsSeunifrm.cloudy.. 
bit |N.W. fr. br. & equally, threat.| 
© 15 IN, by E. gale, wr. very cbang.| 
D 16 /E.N.E.fr.br.with passing clds.| 
$17 N.W. blowing fresh. 

Sis IN. 1. br. very finewith few elds.| 
bh W.ttbr.fineaft haze eld.away. | 
2 20 W. byN. haze soon dissipated. 
h 21| 420 | 3b2 | 2998 734 [S.W. U1. airs, haze did natel.up.| 
@ 22} 36-4 | 340 2950 778 INE. fr. ga. clds. low & hazy.) 
D 23| 385 | a45 | 29°52 766 00 |N. by E. hard gale, 

4 24] 403 | ars [2940 761 NY stilla gale, & lessblue sky! 
% 25| 37-0 | 33-0 | 29°52 783 = |N-E. light breezes,snow. | 
at 26] 38-3 | 35-0 | 2963 792 EAN. E,lt.airs,somesnow thd. 
9 27| 40-0 | 37-5 | 20:56 807 NW. nearly calm, thick fog. 
fh 26) 405 | 37-2 |2058 et +020 |W. byS.JLairskealms,veryfog. 
© 29) 408 | 378 29:60 805 | -016] -020)S.W. nearlycalm,excced.fogey 
) 30) 41-2 | 37-0 | 2962 810 | -006| -010 |NNE.It.airs,clds.monotonous 








e 4 BT 
‘TAR MAROON WAR. 


histories of dotuched corps and: isolated wessols, and the perso 
‘narratives of individual officers and men, of which we are enabled 
Shyer hers Singhs in the United Service terres 
lements of the old I with the of the: 

oe and regulated feelings of ci ized. life, and with tha bi 

gallantry Hy ride, which et 5 jonly the glory of 
peti warfare revolutionary hove f 

a xe with interest, but the amen of Europe 








cae gating eal Sow and nuskets without 
these they effected what is almost incredible. 
= ve slave lave pain of Jamaica formed a mere belt, 
‘he interior of the island is a mountain~ 
Rea nature, It abounds with immense rocks, 
feats often with sides absolute; licular. 
‘are numerous fissures and small glens of Inxuriant 
fore sera Trap pe the most romantic and sublime scenery 
5 “pa ee "rhe eg ee in che 
one seat witl wood, and with a gigantic herb- 
ing any number of men. The thorny brambles 
structs of country impassable, except to the Mu- 
0 cnt. gages through ther, pie ea thelr hands 
ted travel underneath them for miles. | These sub-luby- 
tortuous, and dangerous in the ‘extreme, had been 
he wit hog, and theoueh thew the Marinus teaelled pot 
all-fours, until to an penegres aay muskets pi rn 
ao vide sentries, and totally destroyed our ont with» 
ring the aca! by Se saree sacri fea.” 










hat no country could be more favouruble to so 
Tn the centre of the island, from east to west, ran thes 
sof hte called cockpits, In She varallel, these natural 
by stuy ; lous rocks, Sommepiostel th with 
yea br irregular, narrow, ae Ip rugge 
a hece cockpits to the wouth were ici eee in 
roapad those to the north were absolatel povepestiesler) 
ubounded with majestic trees, he soil, was 
tills, was luxuriant in the extreme. 
‘were the descendants of the aboriginal inhabitants, 
who bad sted from their Rp role ee eS 
No. 14. Few, 1030, 


138 THR MAROON WAR. 


rior, when we captured the island in 1655. Their numbers bad been 
increased by paoe! slaves of oo Arh ‘but particularly by 


frican oa ‘of the Coromantees, 
the peel was a pred dante black complexions and regu- 
features. ‘The hie ibe of Maroons, however, were 
en the tos of et after thelr 
e 


climb trees like mon] ascend rocks, and Pound fr me crag 
w Pcie A sabaos mont tctive elite could not approach. Their 
ee was most extruordiusry ; und so ucute was their sense 
wring int with their ears to the ground, they would detect our 
movements at a distance, at which theirs to us were totally inaudible. 
shih » they could select nutritious roots and 
that climate were deemed poisonous; 
ted our discriminating the one from the 
rived us of the use of all. Almost ev 
piece, or musket, and their accuracy 
aa ‘to be sty ot ay tigen er 
Sake ‘war against us, 
Mee tees he ere ee the terra of 
white inhabitant. At length we obtained oan the Mosquitoe 
a body of semi-savages, Mulattoes, Indians, and Africans, called 
mee ‘These men, under an web ish fee a ‘named James, 
Vt 


Bae 


? 
te 


and the era 
. At length, i 


of lives, ew sv 
‘s fastnoeses, an high tie led at 
Cave River, we baile a set of 


th walls. In these we kept our stores rien 
u considerable body of militia and ‘he fatigue ing 
fo Aad lox ie hy which, in "et erat our heidi 
su ‘was now spared, and the predatory excur- 
sions of Cudjoe were erably checked. 
The Government now thought the Maroons were in their power, 
they had been quiescent for several weeks, when t! 
that Cudjoe and his whole tribe had decamped from 
their scene of operations in sedate yi the i 


ee i i vie Seer: 


covered with 


i 


at 
i 


Bd F 


a 
e Ebfe 


3 


3 
Bi] 


5 





THE MAROON WAR. 139 


the extreme. ‘The daring savage suddenly became a timid slave. ‘The 
‘negotiation took ‘re in one of the wild’ fastnesses of the mountains, 
o wi Col. Gut 


ad a very large luenp of lesb 
i ica whieh was part] coven by the tattered remuins of an 
blue coat, of which skirt and the sleeves below the elbows 
‘were wanting. Round hie head was a scanty piece of dirty white 
‘cloth ; he had a pair of loose drawers that did not reach his knees, and 
a sal round ihe ete + zim. On his Hi ht side hung a cow's 
horn, with some powde ey a hit a large cut nas. On his left was 
‘eUaioe three inches b EhGAE FHedER, Winfpetidad einder ae 
arm by a narrow stray a. went round his shoulder. He had no shirt, 
clothes and skin were covered with the 7 dirt of the cockpits. 
was the Chief; and his men were as ragged and dirty as ae 
pte) id citlasses. This treaty, signed in 1738, wus a if 
belli its, a it Tipalated that in future the Ma- 
coh should be istered, and have two white agents residing amo 0] 
From this period to the last and most serious war oie, 
re pe Minbos to the whites beoame totally different Their 
0 Sas sacl, ee the planters had Soa fuatien ere 
and a hats ‘of the ney whom, when ves, they l- 
are tese aaa sescored co tk Saatiore Tn ute wer tewedh pied 
that all the movements of the ila chiefs or leaders of gangs bad 
been igolated and independent: there bad been no communication 
lever tba cad (ie Met is Cabroferc imans stoli ing, 

By this treaty the Maroons at Trelawney Bere. theit Principal 
an Tiad 1500 acres of land allotted to them. A white superintendant, 
th four eu resided there. They became attached to the 
Be ‘one occas 





and rendered them all a pti. and very essential services, 
cesision, when a large body of Coromantéo negroes had risen 
Monti masters, and were anoresetally contending with our troops, 
ing all that fell into their bands, the Maroons attacked theme 
in the woods, killed two-thirds of their number, and brought the rest 
back to subjection. A Major James was the pri niperintendant 
of the Maroons. He was the #on of the alata, iF of the 
Shot-men ; and oY superstitions terror which the Meroons had enter- 
towards the they transferred to the son, janied, 
fect mation and affection, Major Sitien was certalaly iin 
With the education of n gentleman and hn 
scivnce ain ass essed all a instinets and every corporeal 
ty im equal with the Maroons. Ho could beat the 
ro in their foot races, could foil fas b Sa 
c pRraert sates, § = could wear them out with fatigue i 
in the mountains. He was unerring 
‘any feta such Leehy influence a ‘the tribes, that he 
d p thelr ferocious conflicts, subdue their ay and punish the 
alent in the most summary manner. Upon this man the Govern- 
|. Major James was of : private be and 
iopally absent himself from his cs to uttend to his estates, 
sen rogidence was |, which he refused to obey, 
‘in increase of salary, and he was dismissed from his em~ 
2 








ue 









{ 


140- THE MAROON WAR. 


ployment, Sede tie reece jagrined P He extreme at this cir-- 
euimstance, and did all they 0 get Major James again amongst 
them. The authorities were inex cities Other circumstances occur- 
rel to irritate the Maroons; the Negro insurrection in St. Domingo 
unsettled their minds, and finally a very questionable nct of severity, 
‘not ty say of cruelty, was practised upon them at this unfortunate 
juncture. Two Maroons had been taken up for some offence in the 
‘town bts ee ge Oa the lanes had them flogged by a run- 
ayy slaves of the town, The antipathy and con- 
the Maroons for the negroes, we have already noticed. This 
lignity was not to be borne, and it led to a most fatal bags Gen. 
inlay ‘and the local authorities, with some of Hie Sig 
a pte north side, wrote to the capital, advisit ajor Tacs 
mae to his affice, and that acess it be 
‘These requests were unattended to, ites 
= ae broke out. Lord Balenrras, the Garebitns deemed these 
men so ae that he directly proclaimed martial luw Byonahent 
the island, and detained the expedition it to sail for St, Domi 
The Success igete was in the offing, having on board the 834 Foot, 
Col. Fitch; a urement in the finest order, and, what is extraordinary, 
for the West I jes, mustering a thousand rank and file on the parade. 
pore Boo wa ‘was recall saat signal, and made to disembark the tt 
proceeded immediately to Montego Buy, where 
Minbell a slo IE yislack plilipplo sealnst thy Maroons, telling ‘them that 
ir town was surrounded by troops, resistance was in vain, and that 
o tind set a price opon the heads of all who did not surrender in four 














oni in impolitic proclamation struck terror into the hoarte of all the 

igeeientsy and roused or Maroons ome equivocal submission to the 

just deterin| A sit ircumetance of an unfortunate 
mies had just “SSE ‘Col. Gillimore, who bad been sent to nego- 
tinte with the Maroons, had, during a conference, contemptuously 
taken from his waistcoat- et a bandful of musket-balls, and shal 
ing them in the faces of the chiefs, declared that those were the sale 
argumevts thes should hive foe his The! Sarge shorty after 
attacked his house, and wresked « signal vengeance upon his family. 
Gen. Palmer eee pusxports to six Maroon captains to proceed to 
the Governor z ar apical fara ihase mien were ain by the 
comma: icer of the militia, and, notwithatunding their passport 

were ordered into irons by Lord Balearcas. ‘The Genes taproneed 
Munself hy hly incensed 2 aie breach of faith, 

‘On the 8th of Aug. Lord Balearras sent his dispatch, oes the 
surrender of the rary on pain of setting a pace upon their heads, 
oe Migs day Col, Sandford, with one hun and thirty of the 18th and 

it oe ng, took post about four miles north of the Maroon 

at the head of the 63d regiment, established 

Tinmelt ae Von i's Field, # mile and a hinlf from the Maroon town, 
whilst several thousand militia were at Kensington estate, in his renr, to 
al the convoysof provisions. ‘The regular troops amounted to about 
‘The Maroon town lies twenty miles south-enst of Montego 

Bay, and eeven miles from Falmouth, The road from ge, 











the first nine miles is good, after which it is steep, ru 
and affording facilities of defence agninst any hostile advance. 


THE MAROON WAR. 141 


same may be said of the last four or five miles of the road from Ful- 
mouth. The Maroons, terrified by this military array, on the 11th of 
Aug. sent their chief and seventeen leading men to offer submission 
and fealty to Lord Balcarras, who however put these men in irons, and 
sent them on ship-board. Of all things, the Maroons had a horror of 
being shipped from the island. One of the chiefs committed suicide by 
ripping open his bowels, and this experiment of surrender taught the 

laroons what little clemency they bad to expect from Government. 
"Two of the chiefs who had come to the out-posts to parley about puci- 
fication, on their return found that the Westmorland militia had de- 
stroyed their town, burnt their provision grounds, and ill used their 
families. The sword was now drawn, and the scabbard was thrown 
away. Lord Balcarras had with him one hundred and fifty of the 13th 
Light Dragoons, dismounted ; detachments of the 17th Light Dragoons, 
under Capt. Bacon ; and one hundred of the 62d Foot. 

So far from surrendering on the 12th, the Maroons were so in- 
censed, that they attacked two of-our detachments on that day and 
severely handled them. Lord Balcarras ordered Col. Sandford to make 
a movement, which, in conjunction with the movements of the 
83d and of the militia, was intended to surround the Maroon town. 











was hurt. The whole plan had been badly contrived. 
It was now resolved to surround both towns, and to dest all the 
rovision grounds. A track was cut through the thick brambles and 
shwood, the line being guided by the bugles of the 17th Dragoons. 
After infinite toil in the rainy season, a light field-piece was brought 
up through this track, and both towns were taken possession of. But, 
to the astonishment of Lord Balcarras, they were found absndon- 
ed; the Maroons, as might have been expected, had retreated to the 
cockpit with all their valuables. Into this cockpit our troops were 
made to fire repeated volleys, the echoes of which were succceiled by 
loud bursts of laughter from the Marvons, who rejoiced at our waste 
of ammunition. Lord Balcarras now retired to Montego Bay, and 
left the command of the troops to Col. Fitch, of the 83d. 

More wisdom now guided our measures, but, from unavoidable cir- 
cumstances, almost all our outposts were surprised, our working-par- 
ties were destroyed by ambuscades, and our convoys and detachments 
generally cut to pieces. In but one instance could we ascertain thit a 
single man of the enemy had been killed. Many parleys took plucey 
but the horror of the Maroons at being sent on ship-board, prevented 
any favourable conclusion. 

Col. Fitch employed a strong working-party of slaves, supported by 
several flanking companies of regulars and militia, to cut a line throw 
the brush-wood and thorny brambles, that he might communicate with 
some corps on his right. They had scarcely worked half a mile fiom 
head-quarters, when the party fell into an ambush, the troops suffered 
severely, and the Maroons massacred a great number of the Negroes. 
About a mile and a quarter from head-quarters, in another direction, 
there was an outpost of between thirty and forty men, commanded 
by Capt. Lee, of the 83d, who had secured himself with palisadoes and 
a breast-work, but had reported that his post might be commanded by 


142 THR MAROON WAR. 


Ses Marpoos, fe the heights. On the 12th of Sept. Col. Fitch, at 
nine in the morning, went to visit the post, in company with the 
Pee af tid Ban aor ereny aetien oftgee Wa sane sige of He 
nature sts country from the fact, that Col. Fitch was Obl iged to 
make use of a compuss, ond to set his watch by that of Lieut. 
of the Artillery, at aps bead-qpantarm he who was desired to fire a field- -pieoe 
at twelve hours were thus occupied in tra 
‘one mile and a half. Col. Fitch found the post untenable, and 
with a small. party a few hundred yards in aioe ‘3 
determine upon a better position. Coming to two di 
hesitated a minute which to take, ie a sudden ee | fom be 
Maroons in the brushwood killed or wounded almost every m: the 
|. Jackson was unhurt, but seeing Col, Fitch Sg dpe 
ee smentatnaiearecmaelinees ian taecen eee 
‘cock their muskets, he endeavoured to make him Jie down, but even 
in this hurried effort another ball killed him on the spot. Of a return 
before us of ninety-three ae a wounded, we find seventy killed 
and only twenty-three wounded, so accurate was their fire- 
cal Wale eae beeen career 
maar with the rank of Major-General. fe declared that the 
Inland, pond be lost if the troops sufered another “dofeats While = 
is plans, an attack was made upon a strong outpost, comman 
by Major Godley and Capt, Wt of the B90." One af the sateen 
had declared that he saw a Maroon passing in the dark, The men 
were turned out, and formed cy appear ties, and advanced at 
break, No vg an ener they returned, and 
Godley cel is hut, olered to bring him od ase 
Aicoe Henin  aapbant te Bet need ore anda volley from 
id great execution amongst our men. The post wus 
sve ee Defended, tus at,lart abenileoed with comsidersbla Ieee 
Walpole ptr ts act on the defensive during the rainy 
son, ee ea: pes tt cht infantry mancenvres and bush-t 


pote at a distance, we posed a Hea oc bainot 

‘troops, with a Teenenesd field-piece, up a x and at daybreak. 

to pour shells and gr: jot into the cockpit, The Maroons, terrified 

at this novel mode of attack, Pecpittely Hed to the next cockpit, 
which they were artes hy similar means. were thus driven 
Post to post, and cut ay et ap of water. ae 

measles broke out amongst them, and they become ereatly A cae 

Still, however, apenas to send out numerous ski 

ties; and notwithstanding we were often able to itech. ced Ca 

wegen superior numbers, in no one instance could we obtain complete 


ituated, when Lord Balcarras, con! tl 
eae Ae aps Teer eagle cited 






on 
yhen itinue ied 
Sains Svat nae brea i 


THE MAROON WAR. 14s 


Lipo lphninbrpteeaeprinalh, pedo my th Poe mapiancd 
one or two small dogs of excellent scent, called finders. The larger 
is the sige of a very large hound, but with the nose more point- 
‘ed. His skin is much harder than that of most dogs, and so. must be 
the whole structure, as the severe beatings they undergo in training 
would kill any other dog, 
‘The chnssenr's only weapon is longer than » dragoon’s sword, and 
twiee as thick, something like a fut iron bar, of which about eighteen 


inches at the lower end are as sharp asa razor, The activity of these 
chasseurs no can elude ; and such is their tem; »» that with 
pie tie of sult, they can aippiet themselves for months on the 
and farinaceons food of the woods. They drink nothing but 

‘water supplied by the wild pine, by the black and grape withos, 
and the roots of the cotton-tree, ‘Their greatest privation is that of the 
cigar, which they must not use in the woods, where the scent would 





be mpi it and mukes it a tight boot, to protect his legs from the 
fntrleabies of thors and‘brusliwood which he has to penetra. 
these chasseurs were reviewed by Gen. Walpole at Seven 
each of thom had two hounds besides the finder. The Ge- 
‘upon them the necessity of carrying muskets, which, 
resolved to throw away as soon as a commenced 5 
he would not allow them to go out in eed 
1 the rear, Ull occasion might require their aid. How 
restraints and alterations of shale parunze qed. conde ot fighting 
lostroyed their efficiency, was never proved. Tous it ap- 
oe het be hanes wastecrpelite thay such an ally, aa 
very rencontre every chasscur and hound would have 
inton in war, ag in all other things, is oni, it. The Ma- 
we had braved our bayonets, Bape and cannon, and bad 
overcome the terror they had entertained of our name, now succumbed 
q the fear of this worse than ludicrous species of force. Gen. 
took advantage of Uheir terror to negotinte, ond a treaty was 
to one article of which Gen. Walpole swore—" that the Ma« 
should not be ca off the island.” 


rir, 
ue 


i 


BE 


4% & testimony most glorious to his name and family, 
‘af Assembly passed a similar vote of five hundred guineas 
Gen, Walpole, but that noblesminded afficer contemptuously refused 


cod desired permission to,give evidence at tho bar of the 


‘the spirit in which the treaty had been negotiated, and of the 


144 A VISIT TO THR 


senso in which it had been drawn up by himself and the Maroon Chiefs, 
—a sense diametricall ite to that which the House was:deter- 
mined to put upon it. ‘This being rejected, he insisted that the Maroons 
should have their arms restored to them, and be placed in statu quo 
ante fordus. He even declared his conviction, that in another campaign 
he could reduce them to entire submission by force of arms. Gen. 
Walpole, in addition to the high feelings of a soldier, and to the esta- 
blished principles of good faith, felt ashamed at his having used 60 
contemptible, and in every respect so odious a means of terror, as the 
‘Cubs blood-hounds. The tulent and courage he had elle had 
‘saved the island, and, indignant at the pusillanimity of the local autho- 
rities, he refused the vote of the in such terms of conte of 
the Assembly, and of indignation at their perfidy, that the House ex- 
Fuoged his letter from their journals, Hom his being their palla- 
ium, the god of their idolatry, he sank at once into an object of their 
‘vituperation, and was, in their eyes, even worse than a Maroon. 


A VISIT TO THE ISLAND OF JOHANNA. 


Jowanna, one of the Comora Islands, is situated in the Moxam- 
Bique Channel, in lat. 12° 7 S. and long, 44" 30' E. It lies between 
‘the north end of the Island of Madagascar and the continent of Africa. 

Cid Hamza, one of the Princes of Johanna, with « party of trac 
Mussulmen, undertook to perform a pilgrimage to Mecea, for which 

he sailed from Johanna with his fullowers, but the vessel in 
which they embarked was wrecked at Hafoon, on the coast of Africa, 
near the mouth of the Red Sea. From thence they got to Muscat, 
where they found a vessel bound to Penang. From pete 
went to Bombay und Culcutta, und arrived at the Cape of Good ope 
Without being able to accomplish their pilgrimage. After remain- 
ing at the Cape some considerable time, under the care and instruc 
tion of the Rev, Dr, Phillip, hie Majesty’s Sloop Shearwater was 
pointed to convey them to their dominions. On the 17th of 
ay, 1891, they were received on board, having revioul ‘embark- 
ed sundry chests of urms, &c. ax presents from the British Govern- 
ment to their King. The party consisted of eight men and three 
women, viz. Cid Haman, the Prince; Duke Abdallah, and Brahae his 
Lord Nelson, and Minotti his wife ; Cid Abubekker, and Sumela 
wife; Old Abdallah, o_ prie cumbo, a servant ; and two 
slaves. ‘The origin of the Ruglish titles of these people will be ex- 
ist hereafter. This opportunity was thought very favourable for 
introducing a Missionary at Johann, for which purpose a Mr, Kitt 
secompanied them under the character of a schoolmaster. 

Being ready for sen by the evening of the 17th, we sailed from 
Simon's Bay with a strong 8.E, wind, Independent of all the luggage, 
“&e. belon the Prince and his suite, we bad on board su 
stores nd provisions for his Majesty's ship Menai, at the Isle of 
France. Never did a man-of-war put to sea more lumbered up than 
‘we were; there was scarcely room to work the ship, owing to casks, 
chests, humpers, &c. being stowed upon deck, which in a small vessel 





















ISLAND OF JOHANNA. 145 


is not only inconvenient, bat. extremely dangerous ; however, in this 
state we sailed, and were employed the whole night beating out of the 
i against d heavy head sca that wetted ns fore and uft. on 

cir 


religion of our 7 Mobammedan, 
“ any ting but of thelr own Killing and cooking ; it was therefore 
necessary that they should mess by themselves: for this purpose the 
was appropriated exclusively to their use, the 
living with the Captain. For the first fow 
sailing, the passengers were extremely sea-sick, and 
mM ee ee 

Se from the S.W.; we found that the ship had sprung a 
starboard counter, and that an old leak forward had increased 
very much, so that we were obliged, during tho gale, to work at the 
every two hours, in order to lecep her free. On the 28d, we 
shipped two very heavy seas, which stove in two of our deck 
and dashed the starboard-quarter boat all to pieces, - 
ent tho Mozam| 


2, 
a 


of them while under his cure at the Cape 
, receiving the bounty of the British Government, as 
most marked and flattering attentions from Sir Rufane 
and the principal inhubitants of the colony, the impression they 
the officers on board the Shearwater was Ee 
und we had every reason to believe that Dr. Phillip was 
in them. As we neared the island, our passengers be= 
I, holding ent conversations amongst themselves, 
ly wishing that the officers of the ship should not observe thom: 
at n loss to know what this conduct could menn, till at Inst 
was cleared by the Prince. informing Cupt, Roberts; that 
could not be provided with a house or servant at Johanna 
paid for then !—although Dr. Phillip had been exzreusly 
understand that he (Mr. Elliott) would -be prov: wit 
they received their rae with this nuderstanding: 
such was the case, and it was decided that this point should 
referred to the King on our arrival ut the island, 
At daylight on the 1th of June we made the high land of Mohilla, 
‘one of Islands, and at 8 a.m. saw the Island of Johanna, 
On nearing the land the wind failed us, so that we 
ight, The following morning a light breese 
in. again for the Island ; on hauling round the 
ll calm, so we hoisted out our boats, and towed the ship into 
s, casting anchor sbout a quarter of a mile from the shore, 
‘saluted the King of the Island with five guns. 
i ‘of Johanna from the ancl is pepehceey 
, the country being rich and picturesque Sorat iption. 
far as aes range, not a spot is to be seen that is not lites 
with fruit-troes of almost every description known in the 
‘climates ; some were green, some in blossom, and others bear- 
sh ut one view, from the happy temperature of the climate, 
various tints of spring, summer, and autumn. The hills gra- 


ig 


came 
evi 


i 


HT 


5 
é 


i 


A : 
z 


z 





46 A VISIT TO THB 


dually rise one above the other, covered with the richest verdure, which 
Fagen ghee ie hry one large mountain fills up 
delicious fruit-trees from ite base to 

the very mn ih runs up into the clouds to a height of at least 
‘thousand feet from the level eee sea, thus giving the Island the 


por of all that is deli, ante 
magnificent scenery was soan n enlivened our et rs ete 
ate a ricer number of canoes, the most sin; aire 
ever seen: they were made of one solid See Teel 
ite rg eu tach sido} to tvienda of Wess 
1d fore-and-aft pieces, in order to prevent their 
eer igs Which ub cy nae inevitably roa do, were it not for these pieces 
ood being to them. ‘They anawer the purpewo surprising 
well, but (pea and clu AESACAEES were 
dled hy black slaves, with Micred heads, and entirely ns wave a 
eS round the waist: they sat one before ‘the other, the canoes not 
teiog ene wide for two persons to sit abreast. Considerin, 


ah tho Leland of Johanna certify Serica hy 
of these their contents, it was 
Taughable to find that many of letters concluded with a remark, 


Jobannese were ji 

to wash and cone for mo tutlel ‘our stay, und found him as 

eer ee iy via ‘Their assurance in asking for any thing they 
yas beyond conception ; one of actually 

Roberts to to give hini the epaulettes from off his shoulders. it was truly 

Siren meee ston cae eh eee toe 





gold epaulettes,—certainly skewer ‘alittle Liege Patti thi 


finery, contrasted with raped ten oy and red 
whiah are belid in cain ah Jeb i, ae eg rte 
trowsera were and ‘at the knee,) a hain pate 
him upon the whole a most grotesque a} n= 
Ket's heud-dress was the same us Lord rate econ aae 
sa an 2 ornamented with silver Jace, an me 


ISLAND OF JOHANNA. aT 
me i pocsuantad this joahle of Bows 1 spdlteiepmploteshe 


.¢ the rest, bare-footed, , 
Pedainged Bind eesit- "They. ware alldreeeet inte gerne fale 
manner, and had much the appearance of a company of strolli 

foe. dressed out for performunce at a country fair, The fahion of 
rearing badges of distinction is growing into disuse, for very few hnd 
Sacer they were much more generally worn. When the late 
Beaver touched at Johanna in 1812, he thus adverted to them. 
- of our illustrious admirals and statesmen, ar rather thelr names 
ostentatiously paraded hefure me; and that no mistake might 
occur as to who was as aa or Pitt, they wore copper tallies of 
‘dignity ou their breasts.” Wh i , our friends 
left os morning we were visited by an increased number of 






FA they. were inging (and apparently happy) the 
+ This morning the wives of our passongers went 
FES It ale atated, that thee women were of the lower order 


r easily prevailed upon to quit their country, which, ax will 
e 5 Pn they afterwards very much regretted. They were now 
mi up, so that their faces could not possibly be soon, und 

on 


shore with some degree of pomp, where they were to be im- 


i 
G 












was 
‘The Arnbs put not the least restraint upon these women while 
‘OF ont the ship, fearing thut they yates come 
probably change their minds; but no sooner had we arrived 
‘all the restrictions of their spligiea wvere putin force, 
informed us, that ufter we sailed, they should never 
on man again. our stay, icers of the ship. 
ia. Duri the officers of the shij 
: and 1 was with a message from 
“Abubekker, to her mother at. the Cape: © T 
“that Tam no wife, but a slave ;. tel 
my dear brother, if he comos here, I shall not 
am locked up until death.” This message I 
‘at Simon's Towns they 
t poor Sumela's situation. “ 1 will 
“and carry away my sister, and ft 
So i Fae shad and every Arab I meet with.” 
ubt thet, if her brother could get to Johanna, he would 
reat into execution, for a Mulay's revenge in known to be - 


i I in company with Mrs 
Seetiet ptadorss cestetis noes tos Paes 





148 A VISIT To THE 


Ali, the King’s son, who is heir to the throne (if such it may be called) 
of Johanna. We found that this Prince spoke a little Bnglish he 
received us very kindly, and with a Cea! of manner far beyond 
what we could possibly have anticipated. His house, or rather the 
room we were in, wax most curiously decorated, being hung round with 
upwards of a hundred little sixpenny looking-glases in wilt frames. 
d pieces of tin, many of them gilt, were nailed against the walls 
sa petit eles aovieal ca tag ararh denek Gy Roem upwards ; 
added to this display of Johannese embellishment, there were nume- 
rous ints, daubed over with the brightest and most aud 
Galan sal dered to Rll nprevecy fabaiioy'throgheek that ella 
ceiling, so that it was impossible to distinguish what the latter con- 
Bioted of, but upon the while it gave the room an air of comfort, and 
in the Prince's opinion, no doubt, a great degree of ‘The 
furniture consisted of four very fine couches, with rich 
crimson silk, which the Prince informed us were his beds; one 
old onken table, and two very high-backed, leather-bottomed chairs— 
these latter articles he informed ux were presented to him by the 
Captain of an English vosel: Prince Ali isa very fine young man, 
large expressive dark eyes, a pleasing countenance, and about 
twenty-one or two yeurs of age. His manuers and address were 
Very easy, accompanied with an air of great uportal: Daring our 
stay, we were constantly fanned by little black sla piss with fans 
composed of feathers. After partaking some fruit, and made of rice 
and cocoa nut, which wns very excellent, the Prince kindly took us to 
see the fortification, which is situated on a hill close at the back of the 
town. Our ascent to it wns by a steep flight of which are fast 
falling to decay: the fort was ina wretched condit having been 
allowed to fall completely to ruin ; the guns were all dismounted, and 
from being so long exposed to the weather, completely honeycombed, 
and the carriages broken to pieces, so that more dunger would be likely 
to attend the persons who fired the guns, than those who might be 
fired at. It is truly pitiable to see such a fort allowed to fall to ruin, 
i it Lede noble command of bere and mighty if kept in condi- 
tion, any attack upon it, it twenty-five 
Get MUlaisacar are tan Matopeace caplet ary Mtl wile 
this fort stands upon, and picked off the inhabitants ux they appeared 
in the streets during the Bag atte When want of provisions com= 
poled thetn to quit this commanding situation, tho Johannose built the 
ittery ; but now the war is terminated, they care nothing about it, and 
allow it to fall to ruin. We afterwards visited the Prince's len, 
‘but it did not appear that much eare or taste had been bes upon 
it. It merely consisted of two long of fruit-trees, such as are 
peculiar to ele climates, and all these are to be found wild in 
abundance at Johanna, ‘The Prince sent one of his slaves up a cocoa 
nut-tree, in order to procure us some /oddy, a liquid which is extracted 
from the tree itself. The man climbed up the tree with the greatest 
ense, carrying with him a gourd, a batehet, and gimblet ; when nearly 
at the top, he cut through the bark, then bored a hole, and imme- 
dintely the toddy ran out oa clear as crystal. It is a most excellent 
Perera very much resembling cider strongly flavoured with cocoa 
out milk, In the evening, we returned on board, highly gratified with 


ISLAND OF JOHANNA. 9 
and received an invitation to dine with the Prinee 
Beier uricen Coat erealeise 


attendant who came off with, oa in the canoe, as a 
ies. Text ine Ts hi Fund at 
lh ete hi nature 


he 
obser: 


for the 
r limb 


ee cits 

ate began to hall at like wad peo 

ceremony was over, they had recourse to their chunam, 

tobacco, &e, and fully made up, from the quantities which 
their mouths, for having fasted all the cari They 
their homes, in order to break their fast. 


actly out aeonacs to us that he cuameah it, for 
move, obli it down and have recourse to his 
r oa is country, where they all eat out 
re wooden eit withent plates or dishes, merely using a spoon 
agers. His two attendants did not sit at the table with us, 
pn oases in. in, be corner of the room, where they sat 
ged on the floor. dinner, we were constantly fanned 
which wh ony y suit to keep off the tormeuting anos 

ing heat. 

i ‘ail upon the Prince to allow us to soe his 
+, but without effect: he assigned ax a rea~ 
eae gravity, “That they had never seen any aan bat 
that we were so white we should frighten. them." 





150 “A VISIT TO THE 


‘These ladies sent their compliments to us, accompanied with a wreath 
of flowers for each, very tustefully done up, and each wreath was 

over with a beautiful silk ef. Every Arab at Jo- 
hanna is allowed four wives, independent of which they keep many 
slave women us concubines, but never te any of the uboriginal nu~ 
tives. A woman at Johanna never sees her husband till she is married 
to him. After marriage, the wives are not allowed to see any of the 
male branches of their family but their fathers, and they are kept 
a0 closely confined, that they are never allowed to walle out till night, 
‘nd then only in their walled gardens, or on the oofs of their houses, 
which are tat, having a | ite ape purposely for them to take exer= 
cise. At these times they are accompanied by their husbands and 
female slaves ; even then they are so closely nmuffled up, that if they 
were to loole over the walls, there would be no possibility of seeing their 


. When dinner was over, I was presented with an Arabian spear, a 
bow that had been taken from a Madagascar chieftain, and a fow 
arrows; they were brought in with much ceremony by the Prince's 
aces ve me to understand that they were presented tome 

asa return for the telescope which I gaye to his master. The Prince 
observing that I was pleased with this mark of attention, took a grent 
fancy 1 my sword, and, without farther ceremony, his attendant asked 
me to present it to him which placed me in a very awkward situation, 
and no other way could a) ee by telling him that it was 
iven to me by mny father in England, Even this did not satisfy him ; 
frasbed. ane if L would sell it, and offered me ten dollars for it: 
Tat last told him thut it was not customary in our country to sell a 
present, however trifling its value, and that the spear which he had 
given to me I should preserve, and show it to my friends in England as 
‘mark of friendship received from Prince Ali. He then desisted, but 
it was evident that he wished much to get it, and it could not be that 
he wanted a sword, for he had several very handsome ones of his own, 
As the Prince's time of ett approached, we went to see the 
tlayes dance; they were assembled in a square, surrounded by their 
miserable hovels, little better than pigstics, which are built of the 
branches and leaves of the cocon-nut tree. One man was beating with 





rattling of beach stones in asieve. These instruments, aceompanied with 
@ monotonous roaring kind of composed their harmonious concert, 
which wor sufficient to stun the hardest bend in Christendom. ‘The 
dance consisted of men and women half naked, following each other in 
acircle. Perceiving that it ero aioe” ti: Dignet tier chet 


ISLAND OF JOHANNA. 151 


‘tions of the body, now and then by o few discordant 
sseeream ater reer 
nm us 
Meaars. Laing and O'Relly ace ; 
lone in his now habitation, I preferred keeping that gentleman com- 
. We got little or nosleep owit i te msg ad the ne 
“plc anscerr te mre ing, an wad dancit ae nasi 
r during the Ramahdea, in ordée may 
Metreesiy oheansst thar they aisply casks ay he seecaagedtne 


to 

We all assembled at the Prince's to breakfast, after 
our leave of Mr. Elliott, and wishing him every happi- 
iu his new undertaking, we retarned on board, aocome 

Ali and our passenger Hamza: the latter presented 
ry fine Tow and some arrows of Johanna manufacture, a 
», and for ee pains to im- 


FRAT AE 
ALT 
Ha 
pee 
inis 
ap 
ti 
a 


the eae of any pi pro iilgh ‘touch: at, a island, 
giving him a decanter aud couple of tamblers, for which he 


iz 
E 
He 
z 
3 
7] 
: 
: 
+1 
ey 


and natives. For the manner in which thi 
‘with this island, they have a tradi 
i trader, about a century und a half 


Mozambique, a: ape is 
gen he made such good 
of a few of his countrymen, that 





soopedared ‘with ‘with the island reine through Benyowsky, 
of eerabeaee of chong & jm ns i tho dlssetere 9¢ 
may be dated. Lately it has roe 


v0 been the ravages committed by thase people, that moe 
a towns and villages which flourished at J tHaserd thirty 
y, only three small towns, and scarcely any vil  Temain, 

d used to land secretly in the night he carry off men, 
d children, into slavery. The population must have been 

ter at one time than at mt, for now it is reduced to 









of wretch 
Wheat His Majesty's ship 
two wer, that the British: liao 


152 A VISIT TO THE on 


if,” said he, continue their hostile incursions, I must quit the: 
5 I cannot live here with my lands desolated, and see my women, 

‘and children porish with hunger ; and if I leave it, all my miserable peo- 
i ‘Happily at length for this poor island, the British 

: 3 aud through the influence of Sir Robert 
Bapgalars Garegnes) of the Mauritius, a treaty has been entered into 
ith Radamn, ayes bearing date the 11th of October, 





1820, by which Ra has engaged to suy his annual attacks on 
the island, and also the ala ‘throug! the whole of his yust 
jinions at Madagascar, 


The town of Johanna is situated close to the sea, on the east side of 
the island ; and within the wall, (which is now in ruins,) contains about 
two hundred houses, inelosed cither with high stone walls or palings 
made of reed: the streets are extremely narrow and intricate ; the better 
Kind of houses, such as the Prince's, &e. are built of stor 
‘one large room to receive their guests, the rest being a riuted 
the women. Great ceremony is observed on entering their houses: 
messenger is dispatched before, to announce the arrival of any visitor ; 
and when at the door, it is some time before permission is granted to 
enter: this precaution, the Prince informed me, was taken in order to 
age ie feo emen ita: be sight. The interior of 
houxes was ornamented much in the same style us the Prince's, 
and had many extremely disgusting Chinese pictures stuck about, which 
took earo to point out as being very fine. 
have excellent bullocks at aelgrees with a hump upon. the 
back between the shoulders; this hump, when sulted, forms a great 
Taxary ter breakfast, 1Thoy do not.eppropriala thelr essila to Jaton, 
the slaves performing all sorts of hurd work ; nor could I find that tl 
had a carriage or conveyance of any sort on the island, not even a true 
with wheels to move any ponderous article ; should they have occasion 
to moye any thing that is very heavy, it is secured to long poles, and, 
according to its weight, so many slaves ure employed to carry it. ones 
have neither horses, dogs, nor pigs; the two latter animals are prohiy 
bited by their religion. Goats and fowls are plentiful and cheap; I 
ubohaned a pair of fowls for two empty bottles, and was offered a fine 
ae goat a a come Sagi icf. ted 
mow of no European ever having attemy to settle amongst 
them till the urrival of Mr. Elliott, who remained but a twelvemonth, 
owing to the opposition and ill-treatment he experienced ; consequently 
we know little of the interior of Johanna. The original natives, I have 
already stated, are black; they are exceedingly ugly, having the thick 
peat Tips and flat noes of the African. ‘The women have their 
shaved similar to the men, and it is scarcely possible to distin- 
ish them, but by the ornaments in their ears, which are very curious. 
veral of them wore plated and silver shackles round their unkles: 
these women, I was informed, were favourites of their masters, the 
Arabs, and wore the shackles as marks of distinction ; they certainly 
tobe very proud of such an honour ;—many had also nose 


- eee is not’the largest of the Comora Islands, but the King 
chooses it as his residence ; the others are all subject egy anh 
tribute: one twentieth is his right, but he does not exact it from hi 
subjects where he resides. 


they have 














> , 153 


ACCOUNT OF THE ANNUAL FRENCH CAVALRY CANP OP 
BXERCISE AT LUNBVILLE, 1829. 


Severat British officers who have lately visited this French canton- 
ment, unite in one common feeling of the advantage they have derived 
from witnessing the manceuvres, and in gratification at their kind recep- 
tion by the officers of all ranks. 

The French have ever considered this arm, even from the time of 
Charlemagne, at least as 2 most powerful auxiliary, if not the most 
essential part, of their armies. In consequence, they have deemed it 
necessary, during the present peace, to assemble a division of heavy 
and one of light cavalry, during the summer months, for manceuvres 
on a large scale. ‘These ‘camps (as they are rather improperly called, 
the troops being in barracks) were first established six yenrs since.® 

The fine country of ancient Lorraine, rich in forage, was chosen for 
this purpose, and the head-quarters were fixed at Luneville, where a 
dilapidated chateau of Stanislaus King of Poland, the last Duke of 
Tarreine, and the barracks, offered means for cantoning near 3000 

jorses. 

These exercises have attracted the personal observation of the Kin, 
of France, and more often that of the Dauphin. The staff consists o! 
tenant-general in command, two lieutenaut-generals in command 
of divisions, four maréchaux-de-camp, 2 general staff composed of a 
colonel and two chefs de bataillons of the état major, and of a chef de 
bataillon of the état major to each division, besides a military intendant. 
To these must be added the usual proportions of aides-de-camp, who 
are not, as in our service, taken from “ partiality, favour, or affection,” 
but are selected from the corps of the état major, though on service 
the general officers are allowed to appoint a second from the regiments 
of the line. 


The distribution for the present year is as follows:— 




















( Ist Hussars, 2 squadrons} Colonel Baron 
Ist Brigade. ‘ico 
LstDivision, | Maréchal de Camp} 2d ditto. ditto Coe 
Tiewtenant: | Comede Clary: | itt Comte Des: 
‘Geoerst montiers. 
‘Baron Sect 
Vincent. 2d Brigade. Ist Chasseurs, 3 squadrons }Celonel Comte de 
Maréchal de Camp * Ditto’ Comte de 
Comte Dandlau. 15th ditto ditto ‘Queslen. 





ret. 
Ditto de Tessier 
de Marouze. 


Maréchal de Camp 


2d Division. | "Conte d’Astorg. 


Lieutenant- 


3d Dragoons, 3 squadrons} Colonel de Berge- 
9th ditto ditto 





Viscomte de ) 2d Brigade. a rons} Colonel Comte de 
Se ga, Lance 
de Colbert. [1th ditto | ditto fF ““Bourbel. 





* An advantage arises to the soldiers from their being in camp, on receiving, in con 
sequence of being considered on service, a ration of wine, which they would not other~ 
wise receive, during peace, in quarters. 

U.S. Journ. No. 14, Fen. 1830. ™ 





16s PRENCGH CAMP AT LUNEVILLD. 


‘The Vicomte de Cavaignae is senior officer to Baron Vincent, and 
therefore commands the heavy division. The light division is the first, 
and takes the right as before the enemy. The whole wre under the 
control of Lieut.-Gen. Le Viscomte Mermet, who has ever since the 
formation of the camp been continued in the command. It only re- 

wires an hour's prosence in the field near his person, to observe how 
eat Tass been te‘ etloction for auchi an eppaitment.,. Tha procison 
his directions, the clearness of his instructions, and ort od 
4s ground, point him out as an able successor to Dessaix, Murat, 

Fytanbonrg and ethers ot tha firmidaila school of cavalry toctios 

imperil Fa |, peculiar to the armies of Republican and 
France. 
_ Phe best officers are no doubt chosen to command the divisions and 
brigades, but those collected this year would do credit to the élile of any 
army. The whole staff (except the chief) und the different regiments. 
aro two youre and consist of the corps in the neighbour- 
ing TEE of eaakiregithsnt: (elthax two ee thres squedroad) 
are completed to 48 file, exclusive of guides, (equivalent to our non-com= 
missioned officers under the old system,) making it all 50 file, and. Jeuy= 
ing their depts in quarters, assemble at Loneville about the middle of 
june. 


On the 15th of Oct. the camp usually breaks up, and all the regi- 
ments, with the exception of the three stationed at Luneville, march 
‘back to their quarters, while the general officers, as do the staffyreturn 
to their homes, or Paris, after completing the inspections of their regi- 
ments, when joined to their depéts on arriving at their permanent can- 
tonments. 

Our corr dent, who has served near twenty years in the cavalry, 
Iesarioh chats lay itcantinll pad cach (drawn. to te jomeyielebetet 
French heavy cavalry, and he expresses himself in terms of admiration 
of the Cnirassiers. Yet even these must cede the palm in appearance to 
the two regiments of Carabineers. Though not in the camp this year, 
they were stutioned near Luncville, and may be considered as the beau 
idéal of yrosse cavalerie. ray consist when complete, as do all the 
regiments of heavy cavalry and of chasseyrs, of six squadrons of 190 
men ench,—the Hussars alone having but four squat 3 * 

‘The carabineer uniform is not absolutely light blue, but of that 
pene light slate-coloured cloth, in which the army of Wurtemberg is 

5 ey differ from the Cuirassier in having their helmets and 
cuirasses of copper, with ornaments of white metal in excellent taste. 
The men of these two regiments are, from being picked, absolutely 
giants, and require but the English chest to equal our Life Guards; 
while their horses are the ee and best in France, little if at all in- 
ferior to the black charger of our housebold cavalry. They are suj 

to 40 kilograms, or about 280 Ibs. or 20 stone; but this 
calculation is exclusive of forage or provisions. 

Of the two regiments of Cuirassiers at Luneville, one, the 10th, has 
been lately converted from the Oth di as they have also and in a 
Tike manacr added another regiment to this arm ; thus making at present 
ten of these formidable corps in their service. Their appeuranee is 
very fine, and the shining steel helmet and cuirass are far more imposing 
than the copper armour of the Carabinoers. ‘The plastron and back— 





FRENCH CAMP AT LUNEVILLE. 155 


piece weigh together, according to the size of the man and accidental 
circumstances in their construction, from 17 to 20 Ibs. and are stated to 
be, after a little use, not only far from unwieldy, but as giving firmness 
on the saddle. They never march or exercise without them, nor, it 
may be remarked, does their infantry ever mount the more common 
duties without their knapsacks. Our correspondent wishes that similar 
instructions were given in our service; as at present, on the opening of 
a campaign, our household cavalry and the whole of our infantry would 
have to learn to carry their equipments or indispensables. 

The Cuirassiers have no carabines, and, like the rest of the cavalry, 
but one pistol; the other holster being employed to carry a lit 
hatchet, with the handle protruding through the end of the pipe. The 
horse-shoes, of which they only carry two spare, and the nelle" are fas 
tened to the side (rather backward) of the saddle, in little pockets. 
‘Their swords, which are of an enormous length, are by a new ordi- 
nance to be rather curved, so as to allow their cutting as well as stab- 

ing. Their uniform is dark blue, and bears a grenade on the collar 
and akirts, implying (it may be supposed) their having the qualification 
on horseback of the grenadier on foot. ‘These regiments and the cara- 
bineers are quite capable of coping for a time with any of our heavy ca- 
valry regiments ; as, though the superior strength and size of our horses 
ld wear them out in a long day, they would again destroy, long 
before the end of a campaign, our more pampered animal. Their dra- 
goons, still in Greece, have had the becoming helmet they wore in 
jpain restored to them, with the horse’s mane hanging down the back, 
and are far better mounted than heretofore. ey have unwisely 
shortened their carabines considerably, the same length of weay 
being at present in use throughout their light cavalry as well as dra- 
goons. The heavy cavalry still ride on the old French saddle. The 
light cavalry are represented as being far better mounted than during 
the late war, and greatly superior to the Prussian or Austrian Hussars 
or Lancers. Two of the six squadrons of each regiment of Chasseurs 
have the lance, there being at present no complete regiments of that 
arm in the French service” All these light cavalry have the Hunga- 
rian saddle, to which has been added, with some other improvements, 
as in our service, a cushion for the rider. 

The uniform of the light cavalry and of the chasseurs, has been 
changed greatly for the worse, being similar to that of the Prussian 
hhunaare of Frederick the Great's times ‘The bussars are equally alter- 
ed in colour and facings. The equipment of buth heavy and light 
cavalry is good, though inferior to ours; but with a view to economize, 
which is now as much on the ascendant in France as elsewhere, they 
prolong the period of duration for the uniform coats and jackets, gaining 

management six or seven months in every delivery. The white 
cloak (and with sleeves) is now universal throughout their cavalry.* 








Our correspondent was astonished at the improvement of their horses: though by no 
means so powerful, their activity is represented as being quite equal to those of Lng- 
land; and though their exercising ground is much broken up and traversed by ditebes, 
scarce a horse ever falls. Pethaps they may be indebted for this to their being coa- 
stantly accustomed to move in all kinds of ground and at all paces. Though they have 
purchased horses from Germany, they hope soon to have suficient from France, apd 
peak with confidence of the public haras speedily furnishing an improved breed, and ta. 

ua? 


136 FRENCH CAMP AT LUNEYILLE, 


~ Ifan officer has a fine charger killed, ved pbiesdine sr to the full 
amount; while in our service the allowance is oceasionall ly not equal 


to ‘of the original price ef the animal, acting as a discournge- 
ment to peng dba ngeeta mounted. Nothing is represented as more 
remarkable the interior economy of their regiments. The strict 





and exact fers in the most sini details far exceeds th 





tn the iees 

cures, except avis = mene ta are Fea as these ee are 
expected to fulfil the duties which in our service are only exacted 
from non-commissioned officers, Each of the four lig een of the 
squadron is commanded by an officer, who is responsible for the thirty 
men and horses of which it consists. They have charge of their in- 
penictionon:400¢ os well 2a on horseback ; of thelt, equipment, by seeing 
them furnished with proper necessaries; their maintenance, payment, 
and control. 

Besides acting to towards these thirty men the part of drill and ri 
amaster, they ¢ his quarter-master, standing between him, as his 
agent and lends and the administration of the regiment in the ex- 
pense of his personal equipment, having the right to decline sar ne- 
‘cessaries of which he may not approve. ‘They are also his paymaster, 
and have a lar debtor and creditor ledger of the state of the 
finances of their pelotons, and are able to give from recollection the 
state of every man's account, Ench soldier n little book contain- 
ing his own. Cian copied from the above ; and besides these, there 
are the cima records, so that the whole of the accounts are in 


All pines epee vont oficer and soldier are not ouly well 
understood, but eapable of being defined by all in the most concise 
manner; and in all the barrack rooms are suspended the different di- 
rections for each non-commissioned officer and private. These are 
ones by heart, and all are expected to answer instantly what are 
their prescribed ¢ duties under every possible circumstance. Ench non- 
officer and uldier, taken indiscriminately, will in conse= 
gion td astrict examination as to what may be expected 
and answer readily as to the specific uses of all that ies a 
the equipment of his horee or the minutiee of his arms. All is open 
the soldier's hourly ii aged and observation, and x list of ae 
ments, Tie ie is Cpr ons Rae a a printed beter in 
one is simple en gation their militar may 
be considered ble oa ei the Matiny Act, with its 
Jnnguage ‘ond Fclnleaitice ye y ‘hereas,” Se. which distract tl 
i reference to sections, while itis fen read with haste and 


anificient oumbers to mount their cavalry. A cert 
chase of horses, which at times exceeds the expen: were 

Tors bad Leos parched iis suing O3fis Come 46ers the Gale! of 
the Sth Hussus, for 300 anc francs a piece, (about Ml.) in the provaces of Lorralue and 
‘Alsace j they ate all marked in the flank, 








FRENCH CAMP AT LUNEVILLE. 187 


carelessness by the adjutants in a sort of jingle from frequent repeti- 
tion, and is scarcely listened to by the men. 

The extent of correction in the power of the commanding-officer ap- 
pears too small, as it does not exceed four days’.confinement, and to 
award a greater punishment requires the delinquent being placed be- 
fore a conseil de discipline, consisting of seven officers, of which a chef 
@escadron is president. A roster of duties is hung up in every barrack. 
room, as is a list of the expenses of the mess, so that no mistake or in- 
justice can take place in the case of any individual. It must strike the 
‘most casual observer, that all mixtures are thus avoided ; and that no- 
thing is left undefined or dubious, and that if the soldier errs, it is in the 
face of awarded punishment, which he is no less capable of pointing out 
than his non-commissioned officer ; while, if he feels himself unjustly 
treated, he remonstrates without hesitation, and brings the public do- 
cuments to witness the truth of his complaint. Such a representation 
is not considered, as in armies formed on the German system, as next 
to mutiny, but is listened to with patience ; and both officers and men 
answer, on all occasions, in a manner quite unusual with us. We 
understand that the blameable mode of delivering any remark, often 
accompanied by abuse, so common in our service, (till, it is to be 
hoped, lutely checked by au order from the Horse Guards,) is seldom 
heard, while the Frenchman, however naturally loquacious, seldom 
exceeds a respectful sentence, beginning,“ Mon General” or “ Mon 
Colonel.” 

Our correspondent, anxious to benefit our service by what he gleans 
and observes in other armies, cannot help drawing attention to the 
different mode of conducting the duties and discipline of the Fren 
and English regiments. He is warmly attached to his own service, 
which he considers superior to every other; but he thinks that the 
same object might be obtained (the lash of correction ever in terrorem) 
by a kinder manner towards the individual soldier. Perhaps it woul 
be equally impossible as imprudent to introduce into the British ser- 
vice, from the different temperament of the men and character of the 
people, a like equality and familiarity os in the French troops; but he 
thinks a difference might and should be made between the more intelli- 

nt, better educated and conducted men, and those of an inferior stamp. 
nie would, by enticing a better class of men to enlist, give what eve 
officer on service has so seriously found the want of, —useful, quick, eo 
steady individuals, who can trusted without non-commissioned 
officers, and who, from having confidence ever extended to them, would 
not feel anxious to seize opportunities of rushing into riot and excess. 

Each soldier receives forty franes on joining the regiment, which is 
expended in his out-ft, rendering him answerable, for the future, for 
keeping up the stock of necessaries, which is less than in our service. 
Each man has three shirts, one pair of socks, a pair of boots ev 
fifteen mouths, (the old pair lasting double the time for fati e-duties) 
but no shoes, purchasing a pair of wooden sabols for stable service. 
They have a coarse stable-dress, two pair of overalls, an older pair 
covered with leather for common duties, and a screw, &c. for the arms. 
The men are shaved by their comrades. They have little leather 
cases to cover the rowels of the spurs of their second pair of boots, pre- 
serving from injury what is packed near them. Their pay, which in- 


158 PRENCH CAMP AT LUNEVILLE, 


creases after eight service, consists of forty-eight sous a day, of 
Staring oe ly for their food, ten retained for keep- 
ing up their necessaries, PLS chee ibee peter re rena 
find their own meat; and soup and 
Caine desea at four in the afternoon ment and bread ; of 
‘the latter they ive two pounds a day. 
apes — of the ease eam pee and = 
ler; and it is a regulation to have, if possible, a drigadier 
ee room. Each seldier bas a small iron bedstead, with a straw and 
hair mattress and a dark coverlet. The appointments are —— on 
shelves over their heads, and the arms in racks. Their stables are in 
‘excellent order and well littered, and every five horses are separated 
from the rest by a swinging bar. They have on idea that the stables 
vil and le ther, and on this int never place the horse~ 
appointments in the stables, having suddle-rooms express for the pur- 
pore. The horses are only fod twice a day. ‘The ration of the fee 
cavalry is but seven pounds of corn and ten of hay and straw, but 
‘corn ia increased for the cavalry, The corn is in 1: bins, and 
the key is kept by the orderly officer of each squadron, who eces the 
horses fed himself. pees fed only twice, the horses are 
three times each day, and they use the ‘curry-comb and brush. 
‘Though their horses do not bespeak such good grooming as in our 
end (aa indeed it is well known none clean their horses so well ag 
‘the English,) yet the horses of the 5th Hussars had coats nearly as 
brilliant as our finest carriage-horses. Their condition, however, was 
worthy of a hunting-stable, fe preferable to our bloated parade ca\ 
horses. The instruction in riding deserves much attention, and they 
have a similar school of equitation to our establishment at St. John’s 
Wood, ‘This is at Soumur, and furnishes riding-masters to every 
ment: these have the rank of captain, but are not efficient officers on 
vf the corps: there are several other rough-riders, inferiur to 
him, having the rank of non-commissioned officer. ‘The captain and subs 
alterns, however, give the words of command to their men in the 
school, being os enpable of putting them through the lessons as the 
riding-master, ‘They ride well, but are far too stiff on horseback ; and 
the rapid progress of the recruits bespeaks the system us efficient, 
‘The lance is tuught by the sume Polish exercise as in our service, and 
the sword exercise ig as long as in ours. But unless they allow more 
play of the body on ;s they are right in continuing their Se 
tem of giving point, as they cannot give an efficient blow when thus 
seated like statues on their horses. ‘The riding-school at Luneville is 
fine, and nearly as large as that attached to the Pavilion at Brighton, 
‘The corpsis out, during their sojourn at Luneville, four times a wook 
on horachack, twice on foot, and the seventh day is appropriated to the 
ool. The exercising-ground is bad: when first established 
it was more convenient, from their being allowed to move over the 
whole open country; but the farmers soon objected to this, and now 
they have but a few acres, near the Nancy road, which, besides being 
faulty, ia far too narrow ; indeed, from the deep furrows which intersect 
the plain, it is wonderful how the horses Koop thei legs, proving 
them well in band, as on the worst ground not» fell. 
‘The nine regiments in the field are represented as offering a splendid 














wad is served to them at 


FRENCH CAMP AT LUNEVILLE. 159 


spectacle, well worthy, says our correspondent, of a trip across France 
to witness. They have but one standard, and 2 lieutenant is appoint 
ed porte-étendard, and 20 named in the Army List. 

e bands are good, and by a late ordinance the ex] paid by 
the King, obviating the necessity, as before, of a subscription“ by the 
officers. Many of the sounds and marches are English. 

In order to prove that one system exists throughout the service, and 
to accustom them to exercise together, they mix the squadrons of the 

iments of a brigade: the advantage of this must be evident to all 
who have seen detached squadrons on service placed to act in line with 
those of other regiments. 

Their ‘mode of evolution is now become that of the English service, 
and it appears to answer most fully for all the purposes of the field. 
Our correspondent nevertheless thinks, however advantageous the 
moving by division, which is certainly the most handy position of a re- 

iment, that the wheeling by threes should not be given up, particu- 

ly for retiring in line, &e. 

It is impossible to conceive any thing more difficult than moving 
four lines of cavalry of six equadrons each, in a ground hardly wide 
enough for eight; and yet, when moving in contiguous columns, or in 
line, they never lost their respective distances, and could have deploy- 
ed from the front, or changed front in right angles from the last, at 
any time throughout the operations. 

e line of Hussars in pn oe Sheers in hs second line, and 
the Dragoons, supported by t! ining steel-encased Cuirassiers, car~ 
ried back the mind to those periods of the continental wars, when 
the brilliant charges of this same cavalry decided the fate, not only 
of battles, but, for some years, of Europe. 

It is very extraordinary that they should not have some batteries 
of horse artillery, with twenty-four squadrons of cavalry. Besides the 
regular staff, an orderly officer attended Gen. Mermet from each bri- 
gade, to expedite his orders ; and it was pleasing to see the mode of 

ing on the manceuvres. There was a sharpness, modified by 

i-humour, that caused all to pass off with satisfaction; and if an 
officer was blamed, le had no occasion to feel that his amour-propre 
was wounded. The gens-d’armes kept the ground, and turned back all 
who had not the General’s permission to be on the spot. 

One very striking custom in use during these camps carries back 
the recullections to the ancient armed annual assemblies of the Champ 
de Mars, or, after, de Mai, (the Dussateer of the Mahrattas,) of the 
early Franks, though collected for a very different purposo. On Sun- 
days, the whole corps is assembled on horseback for prayer, and an 
Aumonier, or chaplain, (one of whom is attached to every regiment,) 
being posted on the high terrace of the gardens of the old chiiteau, per- 
forms mass to this centaur congregation. In bad weather, the whole 
of the officers and detachments of the different regiments hear divine 
service in the chapel of the old palace. Both, we are assured, are 
striking military spectacles, and much increased by sacred music play- 
ed by the various bands. 

Our correspondent requests us to call upon our cavalry officers to at- 
tend these camps, as they will learn from them, particularly now that 
our movements are on the same principle, more in two days than they 





rar 


160 PRIORITY OF SERVICRS IN RUROPBAN ARMIES. 


cant Pg He EAR te Bee Sotiris te a 
whole hgh may page ee a8 Sepioons wes 
to both services. These visite will brit officers of the 
two armies, who have so long opposed fest and tend to efface old 

(le RA aetna 


The fi friendly, frank, and gentlemanlike conduct of the officers can~ 
not but leave an igh Austin Oar ipression, and it is most pleasing to see it 
evineed by the officers belonging alike to the ancient and new army. 
It will not fail to be observed, that the merit and gallantry which have 
raised officers of the former frou the rank of privates, is accompanied 
by a conduct and manner which we too often consider as only com- 

patible with birth and refined civil education. Many of our Fistral 
‘ins from the glaring and rapacious conduet of a limited number, 
be found without foundation 13 while the present small nent of 

most officers of the Einperial armies, few being in moderate circu 
idatoen coll xovolihe clarges'vf tudlecsiminste Uadivicnsl inten 
senate ‘that class wholly indless. We must not mistake the acts 
» (who laid all Europe under heavy contribution and im- 
periee, the support of his army,) for those of the individuals who 

were forced to carry them into execution. 


PRIORITY OF SERVICES IN THK KUROPEAN ARMIES, 


Paxyious to tho French Revolution, that nation had regiments in 
its service which were formed and had existed from the early part of 
the sixteenth century, such as that of Piedmont, having been orij 
the eclcated BU Bandas raised by ane of the faxtly of dedi 
and which, as a corps under n Condottiere, had passed ie the French 
service, Spain could also boast the Walloon Guards, to be dated from 
the middle of the same century. At present, the Austrians, (though it 
is oe t generally known,) have two corps of unquestionably the donyest 

of uny army in Europe, now that the ees who were 
estilo seriy tn Tike fourteenth ceatnry, have been plucked out 
i na ea re 
ieent ‘of the line, now recruited in Galicia, and the 
aos penile in Bohemia, were both raised in 1632, Next to these 
corps, our own Royals may be ranked, bearing date in the following 
year; if, however, one or more of the other five of the old six regr- 
nents $n one army, (several of which were in the service of Holland 
from Elizabeth's ‘ime, ll brought back by William the Third,) may 
‘not, on inquiry, be found of an earlier date than either. 
» The Austrian regiment of Souches, disbanded in 1809, was raised 
re and the 8th regiment, now recruited in Moldavia, in 1047. Our 
‘Coldstream was created in 1650, by Cromwell, for Monk on his i potng to 
paitest but being formed from the regiments of Fenwick an 
rigge, which date from the * wew model” in 1645, it muy be said to take 
precedence of the latter German corps, and is the fourth in seniority 
ae in a The ‘Nemlaat ee army is fer behind the other Koro~ 
opting Uk boen altered since the time of the 
oe Ts ‘This arises the drend of the Lie Emperor oe 
novation, from the hurm produced by the el that commenced 


JOURNAL OF A LATE NAVAL OFFICER. 161 


Europe in 1788, It is in consequence without any of the improvements 

‘of modern armies, and will soon not’only cantaton bas demand the in- 

ttle as chs appconnte oon smn sadioeentinansk etka 
A its af 1) icers, an ij 

are encouraging than those of neighbouring Staten, 

French have but three foanderies at present, at Toulouse, Stras- 
bourg, and Donni. Et is con to remove one of the latter to 
Metz, in order that the school of artillery, which is in that city, should 
bave the advantage of witnessing the construction of bouches a few. 

__ The Austrians exoced our system of having # few national and pro 
vincial regiments, not having the inhubitants of any of the: countries 
which form their empires mixed in the same regiments, the officars 
“The regiments are called Hungarian, Polish, Moravian, 
, Moldavian, Lombardian, (of which state they have one of 
cavalry, and ten of infantry,) Dlyrian, &. They have but one 
of Tyrolese, who ure riflemen, but of several battalions, and may te 
compared to our rifle brigade. 


NOTES FROM THE UNPUBLISHED JOURNAL 
OF A LATER NAVAL OPPICER. 


Port Pireus, Sey ith, 18. 
Five days ago I landed at the south side of the hart nd walked 
- round the it boundaries of the Pireus. Outside tho entrance of 
the the remains of the walls of this naval arsenal of Athens are 
distinc 
that of th 
ines nlong the 


ig. nim: 
Se 
- ‘end and one of the sides of the inner coffin are wanting, but the 


of its margin round is on a level with the rock out of which the 
‘is excavated ; and its cavity, which is about eightcon inches deep, 
d with water, and allows free and exit to every waye 
rolls over it from the disturbed Fae 
to this venerated spot ure the ned remains of what an- 
formed a very large column, of the same kind of stone of which 
ing walls are built, ‘Of this column the base only ix in 
the other pieces ure lying in a rude line looking inwards, and 
‘of ten pieces, each about five and a half feet in diameter. 
this plece of architecture is more or lews ancient, I cannot 
to decide; my opinion, however, is, that it isancient, and pro~ 
aight have been intended ag a landmark to vessels making the 
or to point out where the ashes of the hervic Themistocles 





164 = NOTES FROM THE UNPUBLISHED JOURNAL 


ORRCIAN NAVAL WARFARE, 
Off Missolonghi, Jan. 1826, 


ugh, i 
been rather interesting to the neutral spectator. On the morni: 
nd the Scrophi tree ee vin 
behind the 1, and with’the view of obtaining some ad 
‘over two or three of the enemy's sbips at anchor onthe north Hide ot 
the Gulf, they got under weigh in the course of the afternoon, but 
whether secn by the Torks or not, I cannot say. The latter also 
got and kept under sail all day, and when night came on, they were 
eruizing between the Scropbies and Cape Papas, where they must have 
during the wiht without coming to an anchor. Towards 
fyur o'clock on the following morning, it sppeare the Greek fleet had 
beaten up to the same place, and had come in collision with their ene~ 
mies, from the flashes and reports of great guns acen and heard from 
the anchorage nt Missoloughi, About an hour afterwards the close 
quae ‘of the parties was conspicuously confirmed by the blaze of 
a fire-ship, which burst forth to the westward, about aix miles distance 
pee ree At was a beautil clear starry morning, the moon 
way ic wind very scanty, and not a cloud to be seen in the 
clear face of the heavens: every thing, in fact, was strikingly cone 
trasted with the terrific object that then riveted upon it the eyes of 
every beholder. right was the conflagration in a very few mi- 
‘utes, that, to the naked eye, the whole seemed to be an immense orb of 
fire resting on the watery horizon, while neither the fire-ship nor her 
ject of certain destruction could bé at all distinguished. By the ald 
a night-glass, the masts of both could be seen like pillars of fire; 
and over all, at one time, the royals and other lofty sails could be ob- 
worved, like meteors flaring in the lurid canopy of night, while they 
reflected from their illumined folds the light of the flames, which soon 
consumed them. For some time, the bulk of the cunfhugra- 
tion gradually increased, then it became stationary ; while through the 
ambient volumes of smoke, which nothing but the darkness of the 
morni vented us from seeing, the white sails of some other vee~ 
wels be seen illumined, as they passed by or manceuvred round 
the nuclens of light ; and nt times the stillness of the hour was inter- 
rupted by the occasional reports of some guns in the same 
serving ss minute notices to the work of ‘ion and death. In 
about an hour after the fire was first seen, the cloge and repeated dis- 
of great guns announced the progress of the combustion ; and 
in minutes afterwards, the explosion of the magazine took place, 
with a sudden burst and elevation into the atmosphere of a tremendous 
body of ignited materials, which at first were hidden by the dense volumes 
of smoke carried up with them, but afterwards on ‘descending appear- 
‘ed like a thousand rockets slowly dropping from their acmé af projec- 
tion, With the descent of this shower of fire, the sound of the explo- 
sion just reached us, and burst on the ear with a concussion to. 
be conceived, save from the jaws of # volcano; while the durk muss of 
smoke, now separated from its source, soon gained its equilibrium in 
the atmosphere, became u little silvered on the top by the faint rays of 





OP A LATE NAVAL OPRICER. 165 


“the moon, and seronely sailed along with the breeze as the only cloud of 
‘the morning, Ieaving soon the spot whence it so furiously urose, a 
scene of silent darkness, death, and bloodshed. 

This was a scene, which for grandeur might have kindled up with 
admiration the burning ardour of the youthful warrior; it was one, 
however, of melancholy consideration to humanity, and revolting to the 
feelings ; for, as we wards learned, many ‘a our fellow-creatares 
fell by the sword as well as by the fire. Surrounded by the Greeks, 
in sonra to escupe from the flames, many of the Turks sank under 
othe sword of their enemies, and with their blood dyed the 
waves, to which they had committed themselves for sufety. 

‘The burning of this vessel, which proved to bo « large corvette found 

the Greeks at anchor on the north side of the Gulf, was followed by 

retreat of the Turkish squadron to Patrass, and the pursuit after 

thom by Mianlis’ feet, which soon after daylight was seen. off Misso- 

|. Communicating with the place by signal, the Greek fleet only 

breeze favourable for their farther advancement, and for the 

entrance of a flotilla of large boats under sail, which followed thom 

fea ee be canals, through hich they a made fe the town, and 

cargoes visions, powder, and ammunition, so 

Ges ttie Blockadlo of tho place was agein ralsed, for the third’ time this 

ign. In the former part of the day, the Greek fleet made up to 

jemy's, which was formed at some distance in the bottom 

About 11 a. a1. the Turks having got the wind off-shore 

in their rear, slowly but cautiously advanced towards the Greeks ; but 

he wind being little to be depended on and variable, they hove to 

within gun-shot rango, when 2 mutual firing commenced, but princi- 

pipes ‘the Turkish side, After much cautious manoeuvring and bad 

on one part, and native seamanship on the other, as far ax wind 

one of the Turkish fire-ships having, previously to the wind's 

seanty, rather boldly udvanced on the van of the Greek fleet, 

was bonrded and wate of without much resistance, In the 

faco of the whole Turkish fleet. Ono Grook boat boarded on the quar- 
ter, and another on the bow. The crew of the fire-ship, after dischar, 

ing afew musket-shots, jumped over the opposite side of the vessel, 

escaped in a launch, and rig under the protection of some of the near- 

of their own pe inn moment after the Greeks got on board, 

bloody was hauled down, the white cross was hoisted, and the 

trimmed tor bringing the prize into their own line-of-battle. It 

itifully clear day when this hay 
ie save when it was distur! 


pe 


E 


ip. This is the first season wherein the Turi 

of usin, vessels ax well as the Greeks, who have again still 
ss ae nee 2 ae adoption Pe wo cle 
“bouts, ing advantage of such opportunities of boarding as 

instance afforded, ee = 
to. the Greeks closing with their opponents this morning, 
example of the barbarous character of this war took place before 
, which was revolting to the feelings of every civilized 





URATH OF A CORSICAN CHIBI. 


three guns for the Saint was fired from each vessel in the morning. 
‘What also seemed to add to the eoneretce the at observance, 
was one of their brigs standing across Saas to Pa- 
trass, and setting fire to a Turkish corvette and fire-ship that had been 
‘on shore for some days. 


DEATH OF A CORSICAN CHIKF. 


Tax page of naval histary is, unhuppily, too often shadowed by vivid 
and affecting descriptions of famine ; but amongst the instances of fel- 
Tow-creatures tyrannically condemned to starvation, except by the de- 
neation of poets or puinters, a veil is drawn over their calamities -— 
‘even in Dante’s terrific recital of the lingering torments of an impri- 
soued fumily—the silence of despuir—the successive deaths—and the 
‘of hunger overpowering grief,—Ugolino, sferbendole a” capelli 
moe oh egli avea diretro guasio is made to exclaim,— 
“ How—tmsting the vile prelme’s artful snare, 
1 suffer’d bondage, thou may'st be aware, 
But yet, the cruel woes by which I fell, 
Which thou shalt hear—the dead alone cin tell.” 1 
In the following document, however, the personal thoughts and feel- 
dronel devoted individual present a real picture of the grudutions by 
which the human frame is subdued. Yet it does not follow that over 
‘unfortunate victim would be capable of a similar tone of mind = 
Body under such sufferings ; for this autograph detail was written 
aman who, by his prison *‘ versi sciolti,” appears to have 
considerable literary talents, and who was, moreover, guiltless of spill- 
ing the blood which gave rise to the feud whence originated all his 
woes, He seems to bave been of a less turbulent ition than is 











the subject 
those of a 





DEATH OF A GORSICAN OHIRF. 167 


ter. ‘They are prone to idleness and mischief, yet are capable of being 
roused, by hopes of profit, to occasional efforts of industry ; for their 
intervals of leisure, they have few useful or agreeable occupations to 
rescue them from the oppressive languor incident to a state of indolent 
vacuity ; and the popular profession of “il dolce far niente” has to 
many votaries to permit much general rity. Females hold but a 
degraded station; and the rites of hospitality, as usual where there is 
little social intercourse, are observed as mere duties,—nor is the obli- 
gation sufficiently binding to deter him who refuses the iary 
Feoompense offered for accommodation, from waylaying and robbing his 
late guest. With such vices, soleciom as it may appear, we admit thet 
they have also fixed principles of action, and determinate notions of 
honour, however erroneous. : 

Luc’ Antonio Viterbi, the hero of our tragic tale, was born at Penta, 
in Corsica, in 1769, and had attained the enthusiastic of twenty~ 
three, when he became inflamed with the delusions of the French re- 
velution. Having accompanied his father Simon Paulo to a convention 
of insular nolables, it was pro} |, in the spirit of the new doctrines, 
to exclude the Frediani family therefrom, on account of its nobility ; 
to this the elder Viterbi objected, till, finding his arguments overruled, 
he yielded to the majority. When the assembly had dissolved, a par- 
tisan of the obnoxious family reproached him for wavering ; and in the 
altercation which ensued, he was suddenly stabbed. the alarm 
being given, the son found considerable difficulty in forcing himself 
into the room to attend his bleeding parent ; and one of the Frediani 
being killed at the instant in the door-way, Luc’ Antonio was suspect- 
ed of being the assassin. 

A deadly feud now flamed between the families, which manifested 
itself by repeated attacks, in which the Viterbi appear to have been 
more on the defensive than their opponents. The arrival of Gen. 
Paoli suspended these murderous outrages ; but in consequence of tak- 
ing opposite views of political exigencies, our hero's family differed 
with that chief, and withdrew to Toulon, where they remained until 
the evacuation of the island by the English. In the interim, the Fre- 
diani had glutted their vengeance by seizing their enemy's property, 
and Jaying waste his lands,—deeds for which they were now impe- 
riously called to account. By a not unusual compromise, an intermar- 
riage was proposed and accepted, as the effectual meuns of assuaging 
animosities, and old Simon Paulo set off to suppress the legal proceed= 
ings; but unfortunately, his intention being misconceived by the Fre- 
diani, they procured his assassination on the road. General indignation 
followed the perpetration of this atrocity, and the laws assigned all the 
compensation in their power. 

Lue’ Antonio became Accusateur Publique, and executed the office 
with such integrity, as to promise a career of honour. But chance, or 
@ concurrence of uncontrollable events, exercises a vast influence over 
the thoughts and actions of men ;—so Luca, unadvisedly refusing his 
vote for Napoleon's elevation to the throne, became inimical to the 
ruling powers, and was consequently obliged to retire to Penta, follow- 
ed by the harassing insults of his former foes. In 1814, one of the 
Frediani was shot, from an ambush, under circumstances which in- 
volved our hero and his son in considerable suspicion ; yet Buonaparté’s 











168 DEATH OF A CORSICAN CHIEF. 


from Elba happening then to engross the public attention, no 
p adopted, and with oth i 
Ba pl renders, Gee Toe 


lere 6 new misfortune assailed him, jn his people being instigated 
to a skirmish by the followers of the Ceccaldi, also his personal ene- 
mies, in which two of the latter were killed; whereupon Luc’ Anto- 
nio and his son absconded. The Buonapartists obtained a decree for 
the confiscation of his Broperty, the burning of his house, and the erec- 
tion of a pillar of infamy on the spot ; ae Baers, wos rescinded on 


|. The sufferer defended himself with greut 

nly that he aie avoid the 

isgrace of a public execution, by talking Iaudanum, his failing in 

its offect, he hoped to increase a diarrhoea, under which he was labour- 

ing, by sudden repletion ; but the effort, on the contrary, occasioned it 

to cease, so that his only resource was starvation, The following iy a 

Ureral translation of his extraordinary journal ; and it should be noted, 

that, finding himself weak, he signed it on the 18th of December, but 

he did not die till the 20th, when he stretched himself out, and calmly 
gjaculating, ‘1 am prepared to leave this world,” expired. 


1621. 25th Nov.—At ten o'clock in the morning I ate abundantly, 
and with appetite. At three in the afternoon, I took eleven doses of a 
narcotic mixture. Until eleven at night, I remained awake and ‘ay 
tranquil; a pleasing warmth ran through my veins, the diarrhoea ba 
censed, and my general health improved. If then fell asleep, and en- 
joyed profound repose till one, when one of the guards asked me if I 

feep, and I could scarcely ahow that I wus awake. 
th.—I fell asleep again almost immediately, and passed five hours 
a deep lethargy. From that time till eleven I continued alternately 
sleeping and waking, amused with delightful though short dreams. 
My sleeping then decreased, but did not entirely cease, and the day 
without my feeling an inconvenience of any kind. T found the 
effect of the elixir had entirely ceased to nct. I Anfched the 26th day 
very tranquilly. At night, E conversed with the gaolers and three Fh 
diers of the guard, till midnight. 4 
~ 27th.—About one, I began to sleep, and woke only for a short time 
at half-past four; then slept again for an hour, when I felt well and 
strong, only my mouth was rather bitter. Thay I have passed two 
without eating, yet feel no inconvenience. . ......Four days are 


here omitted in the manuseri i 
2d Dee—At three o'clock iy I ate with appetite, and passed 
i pean: 
‘Sd, Monday—Without eating or drinking, and without being agi- 
4th, 





was 
26) 






the night very t 
fated fe ti 
tl ivation. 
nesday—Without taking any food or drink whatever, I con 


| 


DKATH OF A CORSICAN CHIEF. 169 


tinued through the day and night i Wneaeavet Mai Rect neta Fees 
Jated to any one not in my situation. 
vide int det al yt arse enti fo he 


“agitation of my mind. Tn the morning, and also th 


‘was more calm, It is already two par. and after three d 


cent ‘ior; E feel ag Peat emyertmnlig net 
'y imagination is fervid, my sight very clear, nor fe leust: 
= x drought. My Recline ae Meats ee is 
distinct, I feel vigour hora my body. At half-pase 
ae ae a “ogame it a Crepe awoke me “At half half 
ve, E began to feel pain in my left breast, but not 
Kise I elongate il war the elbow, ike Ene tical 
ke apt teanqullly for now and then found my 
slept till eleven, when my pulse be- 
ey ee weal er: At one, my throat was very dry, with 
int a sa st gh oe wit a oad pain in the 
¢ oscillat jon to the right, denoting 
ae disturbance occasioned by a want tof food . 
e first means which I had ‘recaurie to, I 
ied sense, My situation was truh me 
from all other means deemed ce 


leserve pi 
Oa ae en 


poate eds weak, and my head became confused. At mid-day, the 
indicated lnterasttency, and then the left. At three, my 
‘Seeders weak; the intermittency had ceased: my sight vacil- 
“At fon four, the intermittency son but iny head was 

eo athe the intermittency ceased, and the pulse toeish sel 

‘At nine, great want of strength, the pose rg 

bea “Twelve, strange variations followed in the pulse, bat 
‘is now Sag feeble; mouth and throat very dry ; half an 


oe ae had four hours’ comfortable sleep, On 

nied by a burning thirst, and 

ca ae my fae’ Ua alf-pant three, there was perfect 
my pos ha latices « a aconvulsive motion began, with intermit= 
icy the slacker in the right; my thirst is diminished. 


nideday, 1) oi was regular. At two, a cog eh thiret, bye 
but not At four, decided intermitteney in both 
les peroatly eal ‘At midnight, great thirst with 


r t four, an intolerable thirst, but otherwite calm ; 
ar inne sleep. At eight in thé morning, Lari two Toure 
0. 14. Pew, 1850, 





170 DEATH OF A CORSICAN CHIEF. 


tranquil repose, mouth extremely dry, tongue so parched as nearly to 
prevent ‘ing, very ardent thirst. Intermittent at eleven; quite 
? at twelve, but an ardent thirst. Half an hour's rest in the after- 
noon ; two minutes swimming of the head on waking, ut perfect tran- 
quillity of pulse; the burning thirst continues, and my strength dimi- 
aishes, but yet my body is calm. At eight, my pulde is vigorous, but 
every third. tion is intermittent. Burning thirst; all the rest 
calm. Attwelve, found I had had an hour's repose, but swimmit 
waking, and pulse disordered. General debility, especially of sight. 
Mth—At three, found that I had slept an ans) and sgaln‘on ‘wak- 
ing found myself giddy, with the usual symptoms, After seven, the 
intermittent paatiaie ceased giving way to extreme weakness; very 
Durning thirst. At three p.m. half an hour's sleep, succeeded by the 
usual symptoms. My head then becmne ao as well as all the 
rest of my body ; but my extremities were cold until evening, when 
my pulse became vi and regular, and all my senses were re- 
stored to their pristine acuteness, A ner perpetual thirst. Ten 
o'clock,—the fear of ignominy only, and not the fear of death, confirms: 
me in the resolution of entirely abstaining from all nourishment ; 
‘though in the execution of this strange project I suffer the most 
frightful agony and unheard of torments. My innocence gives me the 
courage to conquer the sufferings of such ‘bisa privation. I for 
ee judges who have condemned me from sincere conviction ; 
T swear an eternal, implacable hatred,—a hutred that I shall trans- 
anit to my descendants, against the infamous, the abominable, the 
blood-thirsty Boucher; that monster of iniquity, following the im- 
pulses of his private hatred, has sacrificed an entire, honest, and inno- 
cent family, cong revenge. The usual symptoms of a tranquil pulse 
and peeaneres still continue, 
10th—The thirst diminished between six and eight A.M. Still 
ger on waking, pulse very weak, but regular. If it be true that in 
lysium we preserve the memory of mundane things, I shall always 
have before my eyes the image of the protector of truth and innocence, 
the respectable Counsellor Abbatucci! May Heaven shower down its 
choicest blessings on him aud his posterity, “This wish is uttered with 
a heurt full of the most sincere gratitude. At twelve, a steady head, 
‘tranquil stomach, senses acute, and I continue to enjoy snuff. Thirst 
sas regained its violence, but my hunger has ceused. In the afternoon, 
Danger returned several times ; rather accelerated, i 
tranquil, 
eT tth-—Before midnight great avidity to eat, with inextingnishable 
‘thirst, then obtained tranquil sleep. At six, pulse much , 
and announcing approaching dissolution. Thirst more bearable. I 
have undertaken and achieved one of the most extraordinary projects, 
ethaps thet ever was imagined by man ; yews T have achieved it, uu 
pick pute agonies, to free my family, my relations, and my 





frien jominy ; not to give my enemies the sutisfaction of seeing 
my head fall by the guillotine; and to teach the iniquitous, monstrous, 
infamous Boucher, the t of the Corsican character. When he 


hears of the means by which I have ended my days, he will shudder 
und tremble, lest some one, emulating my virtue, shall’avenge the’ in= 
‘nocent victim of his iniquitous intrigues. 


DRATH OP A CORSICAN CHIRP. an 


* At two p.a1—The excessive weakness ceasing after about an hour, 
il a regular vigour, which to me is al; 
tranquil, 
y intellectual feu! 
ceased ‘entirely, and thirst ix more tolerable. My physical 
ishes, Tea o'clock—Dens, in nomine tua sal- 
are com 








ious pr 
in one 


ibe sate, wile ateay 
now at nine 


ar er cessation of the dilation 
allover; great dislike to the light, 


13th—At usidnight, the pulsations becume very slight and intermit. 
tent, with a burning thirst und general weakness. In this extreme, 
‘my rosson quitted mo, and without the concurrence of my judgment, 
urged by a burning thirst, 1 wcized a jug and drank a consideruble 
Breage eriwaier: “Bron aher,all my.eatsemitien beostae tay voldthe 
ceased entirely ; all the symptoms were those of death. 
‘He now stretched inself on his t, and exclaimed to the soldiers 
who were guarding him, “ Look how well I have laid myself out.) 
The 1, who had azvived an hour before, asked me in those 
vulsive moments whether I would take ony thing, and gi 
‘or five spoonsful of wine, restored me to life and strength. 
again drank some water, Ton a.at. I now feel myself much the same as 
ey mersing, only my thirst is more tolerable. ‘Two p.m. No por= 
inconvenience, Ho hunger; the pulaations of the heart have eu- 
ceased. Six r.ac. No motion in the heurt, pulse very low, thirst 
Bearable, no hunger, head clear, faculties all in ao good state. Ten at 
aight, after hulf an’ hour's very placid sleep, felt a alight, shiver over 
‘body ; pulsations scarcely perceptible, still my faculties are as usual. 
Shiveriags encreasing, my fevt warm, but nose and ears cold, 
Jath.— the convulsions above described, 1 had three hours 
jail sleep, accompanied by pleasant dreams, On waking, my 
thirst was great, pulsations very weak, those of the heast quite 
eG tadises [nie god viata, but mry pliysioel etrevatl te- 
‘ervased since yesterday. At one v.ot. my thirst inerensed beyond every 
7 pulse was el weak and strong, but always regular, 
the motion of the heart Las quite subsided. Still my faculties 
the reduced state of il body. the world has 
d'me, but I still preserve and abull preserve as long as I live, 


oof ions, my coustuncy. On the LOth instant, m) 
Seareipeascbering ued my South wk water Xoo sek 
svallowing fur the cpvalsioos of tho 3th, 1 relia 
if the doctor above mbler of water,—and again during 


xa 





i 


1m DEATH OF A CORSICAN CHIEF. 


that of the 19th, rather more than half a tumbler. Total absence of 
ite. Ten o'clock at night, insufferable thirst, as in the course of 
day ; febrile pulsations, warmth, over all my body. No indication 
‘of convulsions like those of the Foon night. Since the 2d instant, 
I haye been deprived of every kind of consolation; no news of m 
family. To such of my relutions as are in the town, all access to this 
ison has been prohibited. Seven inexorable soldiers have pussed 
night and the day in the small room in which I am confined, ob- 
serving with an inquisitorial rigour my every motion or word ; so bar- 
barous and superfluous o degree of cireumspection would be more suit~ 
able to the prisons of a seraglio, or a Pasha of St, Jean d’Acre, than to 
those of the French Government. They wish to prevent me from 
dying, but I flatter myself that I shall disappoint all the efforts and 
measures ged by the ministry. 
‘16th.—Vigorous pulsations until three a.s. ; feverish hoat in all m: 
body, very 
insensibility of half an hour. At seven, 


snd the puleation de mo ttle perceptible, that I think the end of my 
Wayid of tty tgnblen mast bo ues; This Soarnal will be delivered 


Vruh—Yeoterday pase very tranquilly. T now nd myself the 
same, only my pulse i 
sonl, and end my days with that tranquillity with which Seneca, So- 


18th—Eloven o'clock, I am near upon ending my days by the calm 
death of the just. Both hunger and thirst have ceased to torment me. 
My mind is collected, my sight js cler, and universal sunvity rej 
throughout my heart, my conseience, and every part of me. ‘The ioe 
von that remain to me, flow as smoothly as does a gentle rivulet 

ough a flowery meadow. The lamp is near being extinguished for 
want af the nid requisite to feed the fame. 

(Signed) = Awroxro Viren. 





173 


SERVICE AFLOAT DURING THE LATE WaRk,* 
BEING THE PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF A NAVAL OFFICER, 


Tas peace having materially changed my prospects in the East 
Tadia Service, it became necessary to tum my views in another direction, 
and n friend having just returried from the island of Jamaica, where, 
among the commercial class, he possessed extensive connexions and 
influeace, his advice and patronage determined me on taking a trip to 
isk SlanL’ Accordlngly, furnished with credentials to minuy of the 
most opulent and respectable of the mercantile community in the cit} 

of 1 T ml el us passenger in the West India ship Royal 





Our voyage was not remarkable for sy ee? of interest. We made 
‘Canaries, and had an op} ‘ity for two or three duys, during 
which ripe was retarded by light winds and calms, of contem- 
aes ty peak of Teneriffe, lifting itself high above the clouds ; 
and after a pleasant passage of between five and six weeks of uninter- 
rapted fine weather, we arrived in the harbour of Kingston. 
‘Anticipation is the mother of disappointment. My reception, how- 
‘ever, on ling, if not quite so cordial as my fancy had led me to ex« 
= was on the whole tolerable ; but the fine hopes I had been led to 
from my commercial speculations, met with little encouragement. 
‘Trade, I was given to understand, was languishing. 1 was recommend- 
ed to turn planter; and as I bad but the choice of following the sug- 
or ig the patronage of my advisors, after a little grave 
inwhich o very pretty picture of the udvant: and felicity of 
such a mode of life was delineated, I acquiesced. This settled, it was 
‘s00n to me, that Kingston being peculiarly unbealthy, and 
abore all inimical to the constitutions of now comors, no time should 
be lost in pase to the interior, where, in a purer and more tem- 
perate might become seasoned to the climate, und have 
at once the lity of essaying my new profession. With this 
view, a je into the country was forthwith decided on, and how- 
fer ling, it being little in unison with my inclinations, on the 


‘second or third day of my sojourn in Kingston I set off with two or 


three acquaintances, proceeding in the same direction, for the place of 
Gratation, a éofce plantation in the Heart of the monntelay, sotse 
Geeenyiealioe fremathe city. 


Few countries can boast more magnificent scenery than Jamaica, a 
fact whieh, in spite of the somowhat unfavourable state of the atmos 
on quitting the low lands, at times hazy, with latterly some 

%, 1 had ample opportunity of verifying. The first 

five or xix miles from the town, our way led over a flat covered with 
fields of the sugur-cane; the remainder of the journey through a 
‘mountainous country thickly covered with wood. we wound ae 
the xig-rag paths of the steep acclivities, now on the brink of a pere 
pendicular precipice hundreds of fect in depth, with @ torrent foaming 
ReRRREIa faarevabyin tua, oe usw evorgnig: frown varie rertoe 
which commanded a prospect more extended, the eye 








* Continued from page 14. 


~~ 


14 SERVICE AFLOAT 


was ravished with every variety of landscape, Before us to the north- 
ward, as the clouds broke, we lind an oceusionnl glimpse of that stupen- 
dous central chain called the Blue Mountains, towering above the dense 
volumes of vapour which encircled them. Beneath, in contrast to the 
frowning grandeur of these, the sight reposed on the rich and verdunt 
valley; or, turning to the south, rested on the level and extended sevan- 
nab, with the ocean in the distance, blending its blue horizon with the 
are! azure is the Oe Here. aad Snes in Cee pau 
the ent lanter’s house and mn i th from a2 
grove: sees bananas, in the midst ef attabet ot the luxuriant 
and e-shrub, But the eye alone can serey a adequate 
jere Nature, 





snes of tint and colouring in which she is everywhere arrayed, 
tee alike defies the pencil or the pen to render her justice. i 





his bands, of Three-fingered Juck, 
The thentre of thie singular beings explois having been prinlpally 
in 


Jamaica, I had the epperiel rh of picking up some soptessiog partien- 
Jars from various individuals well acquainted with our hero's history, 
and among others, from the Maroon Negro Quashi, alias Jonathan 

the man who finally pot a period to the unfortunate Jack's 
enterprises, and at the same time bis existenca,* 


liege eee botood ‘hy the most strenuons exertions 
jelsedh over thes 


long to del, exer 
y principally through 
“eatin te tap onc ct Gn tobaaan 





hi the 
, as to the woeartbly agency of whieh he was said to avail himeel!, 
‘Oftentioes, Rectan tea crea tae itemorst of two or three hundred, were: 


= 


DURING THE LATE WAR. 175 


One shi after my arrival, having aio rather earlier 
PaoenINT Mad Suis taney as tha tla tne fe bor Mad eee 
‘disposed If to sleep, when I suddenly Fr tho furnis 
yand the fabric in motion: the sensation this semis At 
‘of so a kind, that I find some iy 

rate idea of it, It seemed as if some mie sina ee ler 

ove side of the house, had ven the bald ice nat 

bya sort tet or et th movement, as ight anit 

was peeerthy and all again was quiet. Whe solemn stillness: ‘ofthe 
Lond and the death-like calm, the usual harbinger of these visitations, 
made the circumstance more striking and perceptible. Not « brenth 
of air sufficient to rustle the surrounding foliage wus stirring, every 





tihng before the plautation house, shen the fine of some res 


ia pea amb esti 
os aymomect whee the scone of tho exploit vn so toot thal they eal at 
Tibia pepuinty, be wosid waldeniyr a5 though he epeang es: the 
amongst ther ; ned was the veneration oF tatror whic bot ‘he never failed to it 
Peston alough a was offer for his capture, dead or alive, no one of the 
Heltide atcapted to molt hn. alin up teal tia had he wine 
oretimer proatratetheasel vos id 








thos, unawed by the pre= 
tence of the or white overseer of tha extate, deliberately levy his contributions, 
Brincgally offs a trent to ce wens; soetines bo won ary with him ona 
mote of the female slaves.—for Juck, th Sipe thelaih ange, was of a 
ae hat hele rast sejourn pro- 
raturning slook and heal 


Ha 





ps, resisting alike every amicable offer, even a guarantee for their freedom, and twenty 
‘eee of ind jewaythe Goveran i Challe Lytton, un every hale atetipt 
til at 
their fast fae ly of co nln thin 





Hs, to whic 
throw, 
soos aters aa ah 





176 SERVICE AFLOAT 


hing animate and canara ‘hushed in Sia meee piel ney 
Be 2 phenomenon, for an instant 
im Ariel thal rags gud dodahiied| summation, ¢-totsbrrpsat 
Hipriss gal ames whieh one naar. be. sippceed to when the 
imagination is deluded by the of a su influence. ‘This, 
however, instantly gave place to the com i, that this conld be no 
than a pede, the first I had ever witnessed, of those convul- 
sions of nature, of such frequent occurrence in this part of the world ; 
oc ae next Soopod eae had been one ene smartest 
al un eartha experies for many years. In its 
Diss tiatale bavatcalleeat mace largely on 6G pilfoch: Lavine bor, 
an eye-witness of some remarkable phenomena srandiog the erup- 
tion of Mont Souffrier, the Volcano in the island of St. Vincent's, on 
the 27th of April, I812, and others, in connection with the it 
at which may throw some new light on the t 
oe great workings of nature, and at least be interesting to men of 
lence. 

A few weeks’ trial of the monotonous and peli Ha sf 5 partes 
sulficed, with my original disrelish for the ignoble culling itself, than 
which the situation of the meanest suilor or soldier appeared to me far 
more respectable, to make me Sey sick of it: not that my situa- 
ae was means alin to that rage gancral ma of the tytos of 

clept book-keepers, for, under kindlier auspices than 
the Peteraity ie aeral ‘boast, 1 was placed on the estate tie lend) 
of one of mm is, and on the score of comfort, nay, even luxury, 
indulgence, leisure, and comparative independence, there was nothii 
to complain of. But T had no society; Robinson Crusoe him 
ly experienced a more total isolation from the world. For, al- 
though I had brought with me introductions to some respectable neigh- 
ing families, the distance to these in a country x0 impracticable 
was such as to preclude ag very frequent visits; so that the onl; 
civilized being with whom I could exchange ideas, was the Creole 
overseer, or mannger of the estate, compared with whom Man Friday 
was Siete 4 more intelligent, and certainly a far more amusing com~ 
panion, Never having been out of the island, and rarely beyond the 
precincts of the which he superintended, the circumscribed 
orbit of his ideas, incapable of ranging beyond his agricaltural pursuits, 
ided accordingly. But if there wns a pancity of ideas, he was 
aman of still fewer words ; and what was another stumbling-block to: 
‘our intercourse, he was moreover extremely deaf. Day 
would he sit at the door of the mansion-house, which commanded a 
view of the works, with a pipe or segar in his mouth, scarcely ex- 
changing a word. 

‘He had for 2 mistress, a circumstance of common occurrence in the 
Colonies, one of the negresses of the estute, who superintended the 
minage, and whose control over the household made her a person of no 

consequence in our little family. For reasons which it would be 
Bale ts Civieeler age verging on furtys aad the fond camcahlera 
her sable charms being rather an antidote than excitement to any of 
the softer feelings, particularly in sey, of sixteen—he took it into his _ 
head to imagine something equiv between us, and occasionally 





DURING THE LATE WAR. Ww 


buted to All ca of a dislike, the 
gis sip dhl 
pi et: that of emancipating myself, box yré, mal gré, from my 


_ Having little to expoct from the lukewarm patronage of my fri¢nds 


iho innate, {che origin! sonsce of which it Je by. no meme 
aici to sac to ee ec presi Gsived rn the 

ew ‘of my juvenile days, the fame, nenrly at its xenith, of the 

ayy, asd the inspiring aid of the wongeof Dibdin, the ais of 

‘which still vibrate on my recollection, and conjure up many a delight- 

Rppeirateiderk eheskhts) — witch Sau wlece elaitbored was ie 30 


E 
§ 
H 
i 
Z 
: 
& 
: 


difficul 

GMb ee iMag, Bid action, always inéchasical, dination 

any wfhnity to the intellectual or ideal, comprehend only the sete 
‘m0 


which these occasions never failed to conjure up to my youthful fancy. 

‘What visions flouted before my imagination! The of adventure, 

to fame and fortune, was before me; and like the 

‘in the fable, on viewing its placid crest, heedless of the storm, 

dreaming but of smooth seas and zephyr breezes, 1 longed once more 
to be ranging its boundless fields, 

“The most accessible of the acquaintances before referred to, was one 

iste tr a trightouring valley, where be cult! rated a unall caltse 

“of which he was the proprietor. This gentleman, whom T had 

once or twice met at the militia musters of the district,—all the 

whites of a certain mee being obliged to serve,—and who on these and 

some other occasions had shown me many attentions, and had evinced 





es, a8 may be supposed, were not of nature to allay my predo- 
eee aaitiesion: Fo his’ foally confided iy. wiabés ant lars, 
Shieh Thad he ttn to fads pion ene o eo 
that. stance I might stand im 
in 


a fow hours after I was eu ronte. 
'y intentions being announced to my Creole messmate, ove fine 


118 | SERVICE AFLOAT 


morning, early mounted, like Gil Blas, on my mule, with two stont 
to carry my Lsallied forth, and with the buoyant. 
feelings and Hght-Neartatucse of iareléeting pry li the yd 
let loase from its cage, bidding a final adieu w these dreary solitudes, 
reckless of the uncertain future, and without a single intrusive cure on 
‘the score of the reception I might meet with from my patrons, to whom 
Lhad not the opportunity of previously communicating my movements, 
T made the best of my way to Kingston. 
~ Like the hero's—my equestrian proto 1y journey had also its 
3 for while jogging on, complacently absorbed in certain 
waking dreams, my es Be abet wrested, if not like his by the 
muxzle of a robber's musket, by some abject sufficiently formidable to 
terrify my mule, a fine spirited animal, which, suddenly darting to the 
other side of the road, completely unehipped me, and, leaving me sprawl 
ing in the dust, set off in double-quick time in the direction of the 
city, from which we were distant only about three miles, 
. on ‘my arrival in Kingston, ay hes encountered no obstacle ; a 
‘requisition to my friends, limited solely to the being pot in a way to 
return to England, was forthwith complied with, and in a few days 
I found myself on board u fine new ship, the Tulloch Castle, of 
about five hundred tons burthen, nominally as second mate. ‘This ar 
rangement was made with my participation, and in accordanee with 
Shece Devt of returning to the Profeasion bi at the same time that it 
0 Soh -inoney, it a ‘me an excellent oppor- 
tunity of adding to SEER of precio nautical knowledge, ee 

This u few weeks prior to the commencement of hostilities 
in 1803, and our ship made one of a fleet of fifty sail, whieh left Port- 
Baral in the month of July in that year, under the protection of the 
Goliath of 74 guns, and the Calypso sloop-of-war. 

‘The weather continued fine, and all was us favourable as could be 
wished, until we had reached the parallel of the Bermudas a little to 
the north-east, where we encountered a furious hurricane. The season 
of these, we aps fatal to ait 2 aa latitude, had now ee and 
the equally, lowering weather, the harbingers which generally precede 
thom, had Beer i Rehm days 5 but catia oan Of the aventful 

ight which ushered in the Fiera demon of the storm, appearances 
become so much more threatening, that by signal from the Com- 
modore's ship, the whale fleet were ordered to As all the extraordi- 
nary preparations usual on such occasions. Every ship through the 
dim obscure of a Fass) atmosphere, nigh it be seen reefing, furling, 
striking opveallant yards and masts, and taking all the precautions 
which prudence, aided by experience, could dictate, and which the mo- 
ment seemed to demand. On board our own ship, every thing was 
furled, save the main-top-sail, close reefed and the main and fore stay 
sails. The wind at sunset blew hard in squalls from the south-west, 
and the weather was thick, hazy and rainy. About midnight, to 
ever, just as the middle watch had relieved the deck, the wind 
denly lulled ; the dense mass of dark lowering clouds, which had xo 
obscured the face of the heavens, broke; the moon, about the 
full, shone forth in all her brilliancy, and we began to flatter ourselves: 
we had for once been agreeably deceived. 














DURING THE LATE WAR. 179 


‘While this congratulating each other on the favourable change, full 
of anticipations of the prosperous termination of the voyage, 
and a right of the white cliffs of our notive lond—how many, 
‘alas! with thoughts, perhaps, thus occupied, in one short hour, were to 
De hurried “to that Spates from whence no traveller returns," and to 
close their mortal voyage in the gulf which even then was yawning to 
receive them—a little after 1 aw. the wind, which as T remarked 
fore was from the southward, and had considerably moderated, suddenly 
flew round to the north-west, and with one tremendons gust, or rather 
explosion, which nothing could resist, tore the sails from the yards, and 
threw the ship with a dreadful crash on her beam-ends ; even the 
furled sails were split to tatters, and the close-reefed sui 
own like a rag ont of the bolt-rope: to this we probably ow 
preservation of the ship and our li a stouter sail might have in- 
volved the loss of the masts, or capsized the ship; as it was, we were 
for some time in a sufficiently critical situation. ‘The ship on her side, 
the crew hanging on by the weather gunwales and Figsings unable to 
move, so as to sound the pumps, or take any measure for her preserva 
‘tion ; the sea, one vast expanse of foam, from which a contant spr 4 
Vike driving sleet, continually drifted over the bulwarks, had all tl 
appearance of a mountainous desert covered with snow 5 whilst those 
meteors of the storm, regarded by seamen with such su- 
itious uwe, gleamed high aloft with a lurid light, and seemed to 
rt about the mast-hends of the vessel. Never have I since 
rienced such a night ; it seemed ns if the reign of chaos was once more 
at hand, and the contlicting elements in the last throes of a general 


~The crisis at length passed, about 4 a.s. it moderated, and the ship 
resumed gradually 2 more erect position, Eagerly was the first mo= 
‘ment seized to sound the pumps, having every renson to fear, from 
the shock and heavy straining received from the first Fury of the blast, 
that she had sprung a leak: this, however, was not the case; being 
neatly a new and remarkably stout-built ship, she weathered it nobly, 
und suffered but little in comparison with the greater part of her 
eansorts, Some of these foundered during the night, and among the 
the ill-fated Calypso, which, run on board by a merchant ship 
the Dale, went down with « crew of one hundred ond twenty 
all of whom perished, 
it made us better acquainted with the disastrous effects of the 
Out of x fleet of fifty sail in company the evening before, 
than fifteen or twenty were now to be seen, most of which 
anffered more or leas. Here was to be seen a hulk with not a spar 
j there, another with only her Jower-masts, The Commodore's 
the Goliath, of the line, was seen in the distance, with ull her 
gone: she, among the rest, experienced a very narrow escape, 
been thrown on her beam-ends by the fatal puff, and rescued 
imminently perilous condition by these giving way. 
[To be continued.) 











fr 


Hin 


180 


MY FIRST AFFAIR, 
TUE STORMING OF THE RNDOURT, 


sjite following fragment, taken from the Journal of a young French Officer, 
will doubtless interest our renders. {t is the unadorned “recital of a firet affair, 
=that touchstone of the raw meeruit; and in clothing the narrative in an English 
dross, we have endeavoured to adhere as faithfully as possible to the simplicity 
of the original.) 

T sors my regiment on the evening of the Ath Sept. The Calo. 
nel, whom T found bivouacking with the rest of the officers, received 
‘me at first with the bluntness of an old oe 5 but, having read 
the letters of recommendation with which 1 been furnished, he oa- 
ressed his thick jet-black mustachios, and with some effort to himself, 
addressed me in u tone of softness and conciliation, 

Twas next introduced to my eas, who had just returned with a 
reconnoitring party. He was a tall, sun-burnt veteran, of a peculiar] 
harsh and repulsive countenance, He had risen from the ranks, ani 
owed his elevation, and the crosa of honour with which he was deco- 
rated, to his courage and conduct alone. A bullet that had made its 
way through hix lungs at the buttle of Jenu, had fortunately left no 
otlier trace of its nave, than a cracked piping voice, which offered a 
sertigs contrast to the gigantic ions of his person. On learn- 

‘that I had juet quitted the Military College at Fontainebleau, the 
soldier of fortune made a wey face. “My lieutenant,” said he, was. 
ald yesterday.” Le understood the Taconic sreamn; I was at 

it worthy to replace him. I had a bitter retort at my tongue 
conta pritdense restrained the irene of my feeli "| 

‘The moon rose behind the redoubt of Cheverino, which was within 
cannon-shot of our bivouack. The silver planet that evening appeared 
Inrger and more fiery than usual, and for a moment the redoubt. seemed 
like a black speck attached to her shining disk. An old soldier who 
stood near me, remarked the deepened colour of the orb, which com- 
municated to the redoubt the appearance of a voleano on the point 

she is “that 
such 
lowih, 


om = 
bat deep fled m lids. Unable to remain long in the same posi- 
Mock ataiu bry efin tatateheeri oral so Oa ke 





Whiten my blood was sufficiently cooled by the sharp night air, Tre- 
turned near the Gre. Wrapping myself carefully ia my cloak, Lelosed 
my eyes hoping to sleep soundly till morning. But Morpheus was 
iepantla Tepercesetly Sap Heer” damit A soocecesl Wate A 
hundred thousand men covered the plain which served for my bard 

+ comrade had fought beside comrade on many a glorious day ; 
friend had tried friend in the hour of need; and dangers shared had 
attached more closely than Ae! of ordinary fellowship. But I stood 
alone amongst this vast crowd ; no splendid recollections signaliaed my 


MY FIRST AFFAIR. 181 


mame ; no record of past achievement illustrated my maiden sword: 

these warriors grown erey under the harness of bettie, I could 
not claim a single friend. An thought came across me. I re- 
flected that should I be wounded, I should be thrown into an hospital, 
amidst heaps of mangled sufferers, abandoned to the carelessness of ig- 
norant unfeeling surgeons. I thought of thee, too, Eliza! of the pangs 
that would rend thy heart, couldst thou but see the cold bar! of 
the operator, hacking, and hewing, and mutilating the frame on whi 
thy looks so often hung with fondness! My heart beat quick, and 
mechanically I arranged a silk handkerchief and 2 pocket-book, 20 a8 
to form a sort of cuirass for my breast. Overpowered with fatigue, I 
fell into an uneasy dose, and at each moment some sinister idea would 
visit my dreams, and awaken me with a sudden start. Fatigue at 
length railed, and the drums beating the reveillez, roused me from 
a sound sleep. We were ranged in order of battle ; the roll was called, 
the arms were piled, and to all appearance our tranquillity was dee- 
tined to remain undisturbed for that day. 

Towards three o'clock an aide-de-camp arrived with an order. We 
were immediately under arms. Our skirmishers advanced into the 
plain, whilst we slowly followed; and before twenty minutes had 
elapeed, we could discern the Russian outposts falling back upon the 

loubt. 

‘We were flanked by a corps of artillery on the right, and by another 
on the left, both of which were considerably in advance of us, and kept 
up a smart fire against the enemy. The latter returned the compli- 
ment in their best style, and the redoubt of Cheverino soon disappeared 
from our view amidst clouds of smoke. 

Our regiment was sheltered by a rising ground from the fire of the 
Russians. They seldom favoured us with their shot, (which was re= 
served almost exclusively for our artillery,) and when they did, it 
passed inoffensively over our heads, or at most, sent usa sprinkling 
of dust and gravel. 

As soon as the order to march had been given, the Captain of my 
company fixed his eyes on me, with a degree of attention that compel 
ed me to twirl my newly -fedged mustachios in my finger and thumb, 
with as careless and soldier-like an air as I could possibly assume, I 
may affirm with ‘truth, that the sole fear which xperienced arose 

an anxious dread lest my comrades should imagine that.I was 
afraid ; and besides, the inoffensive bullets of the enemy contributed 
not a little to sustain the heroic equilibrium of my mind. Self-love 
played its part, and whispered to me that I was really exposed to im- 
minent peril. Was I not actually under the tire of a battery? It was 
juite delightful to occupy the post of danger and of honour, and yet to 
80 much at ease, so totally undisturt y those villainous bullets! 
And then, with what triumph I should tell the glorious tale next win- 
ter in the crowded saloons of the enchanting Madame Saint Luxan! 
How would provincial beaux and Parisian badauds sink into insignifi- 
cance before the heru of Cheverino! How would sympathizing blondes 
and lively brunettes shudder ut the fearful story of siege and breach, 
whilst many a bright eye would beam with admiration of the young 
soldier modestly insisting that such feate as his were by no means un- 


paralleled ! 








182 MY FIRST APPAIR: 


‘The Colonel, bie ing in front of the regiment, passed by my company, 
and addressing himself to me—* You are likely w have sharp work,” 
sald he, * for your first aifair.* My reply was a martial smile, which 
J endeavoured ‘to render more effective, by ostentatiously brushing my 
coat sleave, which had been spattered with a little dirt by a that 
had struck the ground at the distance of about twenty paces from our 
line. ‘The Russians, however, perceived the ill-success of their mus- 
Ketry, in place of which they substituted howitzers, that soon did con- 
siderable execution in the low in which we were posted. The 
bursting of a shell uf some little distance carried off my chako, and 
zat a salernd close by mA ie anes ipukel 

congratulate you,” said my bard-featu itain, as I pi up 
my chako; “you and fortune are quit for this day at least." I was 
aware of the su ‘ition common among mili men, and which 
holds that “non bisin idem,” is an axiom as infallible on the field of 
battle as in a court of law. Replacing a chako with an air of un~ 
daunted gaicty—* Par Dicu!” said I, © that is what I call a most 
uncouth way of teaching a salute." The apropos of the circumstance 
enabled the sorry jest to pass. My Captain again offered me his fell 
tations: “ This evening,” said he, “ you will command a company. I 
have a iment amy bed is prepared: T have always been 
wounded when the officer next me bas had a narrow cscape; and,” 
added he in a lower tone, as if ashamed of his superstitious forebodings, 
at eee occasions, the uate of my lieutenant ulways begun with 
aP. 








Here 1 thought it necessory to assume the incredulous air of an 
esprit fort, though in reality strack with the sinister presage, that 
might have made an impression on a better and an older soldier than 
ayself, Conscript us Twas, I felt the necessity of dissembling my 
sentiments; I felt that T must Ge callons to the weakness of hu 
sanity, and stoically insensible to danger. 

At the expiration of another half hour, the enemy's fire had percep- 
tibly diminished, and quitting the retreat which had sheltered us, we 
then marched upon the redoubt. We were welcomed by several dis- 

of musketry, which however did us no considerable mischief. 

The whistling of the balls caused me some surprise, and induced me 
now and then to turn my head, at the risk of exciting the jokes of my 
comrades, who were more familiarized with the sound. After all,” 
T to myself, “a battle is not so terrible an affuir us I had 


igi ¥ 
We advanced in donble-quick time, covered by our skirmishers. 
‘On a sudden the Russians gave three huzzas—three distinct huzzas, 
und then awaited our charge in silence, and without drawing a trigger. 
“That dead stillness,” said my Captain, “bodes us no good.” I 
ht so tov, and could not help internally nee the tumultu- 
ous of our troops with the imposing and awful silence of. the 
enemy. 
‘We arrived at the base of the redoubt, the mounds and palisades of 
whieh had been levelled by our fire. Our soldiers rushed into the 
opiRee with cries of “Vive UEmpereur !" Considering that they 
fi y, shouted so loudly, [ was realy aston 
hold out longer.” Never shall I forget the spectacle 


MY PIRST AFFAIR. 183 


which I witnessed at that moment. The volume of smoke had gradu- 
ally risen, and remained suspended like a canopy at an elevation of 
twenty fot above the redoubt. Through an atmosphere of thin bluish 
vapour, we could perceive the Russian grenadiers, motionless like 
statues behind their half-destroyed parapet, each soldier with musket 
‘in readiness, his left Oi fixed upon his advancing foe, his right con- 
a the ee his ee At = orien bantioos, ata few 

an artillery-man gun, with a lighted 
‘match. i my veins; I felt an my 


‘An involuntary chill crept throug] 
was at hand, "Now the dance begins,” cried my Captain; 
Good night !”"—they were the last words be ever spoke. 
‘The drums beat: in un instant every musket was levelled and pre- 
sented. T closed my : a horrible erash was heard, snseetsh by 


lf still an inhabitant of this world. The redoubt was again 
in amoke, At my feet lay the dying and the dead. Among 
yas any poor Captain is head was shuttered by a musket- 
life-blood plentifully besmeared me. Of my whole com- 

any but six men, besides myeel remained standing, 
moment of stupor succeeded this fearful carnage. ‘The Colonel, 
fixing his chako on Sty ‘of his sword, was the first to scale the 
» with shouts of “ Vive 2Empercur!" All that survived of 
‘the regiment instantly followed him. I have no precise recollection af 
what ensued. I only know that we rushed into the redoubt pell-mell, 
and hand to hand in the midst of a thick smoke that prevented 
‘us from distinguishing the slightest object. I struck at random, but 
struck home, for my sabre was covered with blood. At last a shout 
of victory reached my ear, and, ax the smoke gradually dispersed, I 
‘could perceive the bleeding corses with which the ground was 
thickly strewed, and the cannon encumbered with heaps of the slain, 
About two hundrod men in French uniforms were grouped together in 
disorder; some loading their muskets, whilst others wiped the clotted 
their bayonets. Eleven Russian prisoners graced the tri- 

ictors. 


tmp 
¢ Colonel was stretched bleeding upon a shattered ammunition 
chest. A few soldiers oagorly surrounded him, and offered their as~ 
vance. AAs T approcehedy Where ia the senior captain 2” kad he: 
who supported his head. rug was the significant 
a The feciiy Uetrecans thent® Hore! is Monsleur Basess, 


7 
Ey yesterday from Fontainebleau,” said the serjeant, in-a tone 
chytaen caviatlo rh id bi ly, 

towards mo—* You are in command of the place,” said he; 
‘but Gen, C— will support us” “Colonel,” replied I, with a look 
but. per PI 


LE 
z 


i 


THE LATE REAR-ADMIRAL CHAMBERS, 


‘Tur death of Rear-Admiral Chambers, recorded in our November 
frei pep or a ett hae public carver, hag elicited 
of iy slees ‘character from an individual who 


‘The subject Memoir name stood second on the retired 
or List of the Navy) was the fifth son of the 
date Chambers; Esq. of Studley, in Warwickshire, ut which 
he atleeneilae tapes acess Danes ay have resided om 
‘thelr own estates ever since the of ji 


quarter-deck,” or seated by his own fre-side, he was equally an honour 
to’ the public service, and'to socloty, His domesticated habits, 
cheerful disposition, and deli temper, eminently qualified him 


“4 My deat ———I nding a few days with you on my return 
horse, dod shall ge der weigh, (ice sid weber rmuitag.) at 10 a. en 
‘Tiiursday. When T havo paid my visit to you, shall bring myself to an anchor 
in harbour for the winter. Have had an attack of gout in my starboatel 
hand, which is, thank God, better. Give my love to Madam. Long may you 
live, and merry be your heart, says 
Your affectionate, 
“Wri. Cita inns.” 


Tt is not very uncommon to find characters on monuments which 
never existed elsewhere, but in uo instance was the benefit of the old 





THE LATE REAR-ADMIRAL CHAMBERS. 185 


‘adage, * de mortuis uit nisi bouum,” lees required thon i the 
| ptoer e es i a valued 









the leading families of the county, 

ar Heed erced Ws perdeclar pd or he 
juis of Hertford evince i i 

Sabre 


+ Dalmost fear he was the last of a pecue 
“hore was n finw dash of the seaman playing about 
on honest frankness which no landsman ever at- 


excced the affectionate and unceasing atten 
Friends, whose anxious solicitade to contribute 


could 
‘bh 
ded presly tote barron of bis de 


‘of Rugby, which he had held for twelve years, 
at Ashbury, Berks, his Parishioners 


Iw 








d him was 
accompanied by the unanimous thanks of the Parish 
fit, for the faithful, zeulous, and conscientious 
sacred functions of his office, during the above period ; 
of approbation was a source of heartfelt grati- 


raliod i ret mene ron he deny interest he retained 
in Naval affairs ; for being anxious to sce other particulars 
ye. No. 14. Fea. 1830. ° 


» 186 THE LATE REAR-ADMIRAL CHAMBERS. 


respecting Capt, Dickinson's Court Martial, than those detailed in his 
own pipe “it hs fireside on a billy day, and ates 
mews room iat ie consequence was a severe attend- 
el with internal inflammation, = 
On his death-bed he afforded a most impressive example of patience 
and fortitude, tem| with, pious resignation, and although his suf 
ferings, for some days preceding his dissolution, were not only intense 
but incessant, a murmur never escaped his lips; on. the contrary, he 
d no sentiments but those of thankfulness, for. the many_bless- 
ings he had so long enjoyed, and offered up to. Heaven his fervent 
pray for the happiness of those who had contributed towards them, 
“not forgetting his domestics, they having all lived long in his service. 
BAe ehIGh aelblag teat eivayeat UR grafted on the fea hope 
state. w it a wel t life, on the 
Perrin produce. He died as full of “faith a ge works” 
putea while the whole tenour of his life hus left every just 
‘ground for belief that when “ the last trampet shall sound,” 
4 Tn Heaven’ Book it will th 
Tha ase oncs kept bts rebenang clear.” 
His death wus viewed at Rugby as « public culamity, not 
is wus viewed at Rugby as a io ic nd oad advice 
were always open, and so great was the respect paid to his meta 
the 


town more resembled period of general mourning, than that of 
gious prin mrticularly 
soupdand orthodox, Sar:be: wen w practically pleas inap. . Hlaararried 


i 
‘ 
E 
= 
z 
e 
i 
f 
i 
* 
rs 


of Rugby, & man most highly esteemed and respected. 
* fine o character as the late Admiral Chambers deserves & much 
more able pen than that employed on the present occasion, which 
courts no lan but what conveys the honest truth; and as the 
picture here will meet the eye of many who were well ac- 
quainted with the original, the artist (although discharging a debt of 
gratitude, amounting to filial obligations, in rendering this just tribute) 
sareae tS tides whether it be in the slightest degree too highly co- 


187 


AFRICAN TRAVELLERS. 


We may appear somewhat inconsistent, with reference to our former dis- 
claimer, in recurring to this topic, though, in fact, the following thoughts were 
put together previous to the publication of Gen. Sir Rufane Donkin’s letter to 
the Editor of the Quarterly Review. That lively sally, however, from the acute 
pen of the author of «Phe Disseriation,” and the ote of the Reviewer in 
reply, (eee Quarterly Review, No, 62. having revived and ineressed the intrest 
of the subject, we are tempted to relax from our original vow of abstinence, 
though still professing complete neutrality. 

J were an unworthy course to make sport of the errors or wanderings of real 
travellers, who peril life and honour in the cause of discovery ; but the cavils 
iand dispttes of specrlators in geography, their theories and oncelts may be, 
and certainly are, fair game. And it is nota little curious to remark the ease and 
confidence with which the home-settlers of these matters dispose of rivers, lakes, 
and deserts, their “ supposed courses,” and their “ terminations,” in comparison 
with the diffidence and caution observed by all those who, from actual know- 
ledge and experience, feel the extreme difficulty of coming to a just conclusion 
on anything but that which they see and know. 

‘We shall not, therefore, follow these examples, nor give a dissertation upon a 
« Dissertation,” but leave the great controversy to the high contending parties ; 
waiting patiently till time and the enterprise of future travellers shall have put 
the question beyond a doubt, then, and not till then, shall we give license to our 
belief. ‘The smart skirmish that has arisen between these two able tacticians on 
secondary points (which not unfrequently supersede the main argument), may 
still perhaps afford some amusement to the Readers of the United Service Jour- 
nal, and consists in the gallant General’s charge on the flanks of the Reviewer's 
criticism ; one, at least, of which we think he has succeeded in turning, if not 
in demolishing altogether, and that is, the charge of mis-quoting and suppressing 
Beechey's description of the Northern Coast of Africa, and the country of the 
Syrtis, from parts of his book,* which would, if fairly given, have supported in 
great measure Sir Rt. Donkin's supporitions as to the “termination” of this 
great unfound river. The Reviewer, on the other hand, who is perhaps not 
only a general in his own corps, but a field-marshal, or commander-in-chief, 
takes a lofty position, and certainly returns a heavy fire upon the gallant and 
undaunted author of “ The Letter.” = 

We are the last persons in the world to think or speak lightly of the impor 
tauce of geographical discovery, or the services of those who have devoted them- 
selves to it; on the contrary, none can feel more deeply interested in what has 
‘been already done by European travellers, or more anxious about what remains 
todo. With these feelings, the following remarks and reflections were written, 
and with these impressions we submit them to the Reader. 

‘Major-Gen. Sir Rufane Donkin has recently published “ A Dissertation on 
the Course and probable Termination of the Niger,” the result, as he says in a 
neat dedication to the Duke of Wellington, “ of those leisure hours which his 
Grace’s triumphs have imposed upon the British soldier.” 

This intelligent officer, who was for a time acting-Governor at the Cape, dur- 
ing the absence of Lord Charles Somerset, is evidently well-informed and expe- 
Tienced in the subject on which, con amore, he writes; and a long residence in 
Africa, with those habits of observation which alone enable travellers to turn 
their travels to good account, renders his book on this interesting and intricate 
subject well worthy of attention, 

Without pretending to decide a question that has so long baffled the inquiries 











+ A voyage othe Pacfc and Dehfng Strait, forthe purpose of discovery and of co 
rating with the Expeditions under Capts. Parry and Franklin, performed in H. M.S, 
lossom, in the Years 1825, 26, 27, an By Capt. F, W, Beechey, R.N. FR. 
In one volume, with numerous plates, 






02 


APRIGAN cee 


188 


Hull iit i ane in 
3 Ha i He Hy Ht a 

i : He Hf i f A an i 
i hl ii i ie al etl 
Heth i HET 
apie peter eet 
CHa ile 
il Hes auth ee 
aati; dfiunenli! 
eae ees 
HUNCH aut uneru nil 


it sit 


sorte 
atc 


bed of 
ri te 


ule 
iat 


Fe 
ie i 
rat sal iy 
SLE HG 
Gia Hie fat 

epett Catedyl #Fe: 

Hele: 
ain isd at 
ii fea Shoe Gace 
Hele ne 
ai ae 





| 


APRICAN TRAVELLERS. 189 


1, into which his theory resolves all the ‘rivers from the wart and 
satan nara by in rf et ae a ora 
= a ect paral safer wid vi 


for the course of the river, and’ that the great accurnulation 
choke bier aly eonvering 8 i 9 swan 
says— 





Feqeicn newton fier no 


acy of war ine wc Ld one in ce is agen, ie 





iin the te ol 


=: 
z. 
H 
i 
Ss 
i 
Pitts 
SHE 
z 
2 
aq 
i 
a 


itself. He Sere oe liens ibeeeceanis oe 
nt re snot 
oy i ‘ per | 






Pp 
‘war on the wind :* I onl a 
F 03 iy spa 


, ous Tum loc selena ofthe nie ya 
a , i a vance Ls 
Sgee Gist eating tosis deat nal soo vas A 








farther deformed, was takea Sah vty te 
hay 
Stal Saas Hever Ho 


3 shall perish the Nile‘of 
Hen and Meee! The Del sha bea shy Posy and cn ye 
s erbt aes 


the measure of height of the ic ple of destruction already 
valley, Sy vie teeta the Libyan desert) Pabe 
‘whore nutes and numbers we do not even know, but ‘endea- 
foe een See 
an ition mu 5, will i » but 

‘two, ofall devouring tine. , oa 
"There is ‘qste appalling in. tho bare contomplation of this inexorable on 
ward march of death t to mighty rivers, and to nations; the more 
$0 whon we reflect from ‘its nature, be not only complete, but 


‘eternal, on th spoon which While? 
sete tare (3: BB 4 Yroud and, flood, 
Wet roe ap of Tight, 






day, com hy 
aco in lh nono He bey glories» eeorved, 


Sal be oe pia k urate acess 
ae! : 





Rao, 


Ligh rsicha le 








—— ‘Sic cum toto commercia mundo, 
‘Nauftagiis Nasamoues haben.” " 
Lean, libs is ve 448. 


APRICAN TRAVELLERS. igi 


eeeenaes 
recel 
x ote pet 





a pl We deena plone 
yor 


ny Talog Pere, arse Tos, engor 
lzoni ; all now: ‘entombed beneath the sands 
cottaiad. olla mbatstus Ueto teehee 
when we view them setting forth in the prime and vi- 
‘bravely zealous ta excel each other in the race, and with 
ape 


but must deep at ne erret with their relatives and 
jap his own great debt of gratitude to their spirit and ine 


Tileia widefeslioes of peculiar plearro, that es name of Capt: Lyon is omit- 
cern eapie pein pe aallant spirits who Rave fallen an he til lives, 
irah st ned nthe ou of sent none ma tl dace 
‘hy tlige’ oer, whe carer han ben 86 fhe pil wad 
‘ay ht her bom mane, vat ascii vl ureter, wih 
Anis othe ft Eo mint he elec isin widetoen 
Bowron an car Cp Lyon sh eo dpe 
id frend and ecm 









me hardahinn nae na ikly to, encounter. 
1 information resulted from this jour- 
5 but Ca yon fay ferhitsa vations tertwination,” On his re- 
aig leh ith Capt. Parry the honowrs of his first and second 
Ss the Arctie seas, and rettiming thence has made two voyages to 
sow filling an arduous and highly responsible sitaation 
roe Brazilian Mining Company, highly if their oe 
ictieapinges waincerely hope ha welletarodd reward 
‘of wealth and honour. 
of Belzoni in 1824, and that of the younger Park in 1827, who each 
wing soy ‘bat a short: dbasos fromthe southern coast, in 
od of it wery much and deservedly lamented; and although 
«1 -hasteved by the in- 









Hs 


there is no yhecy for chargir =a any. of their raat ‘oF misfortunes to the 
ihe the oa eae \wurer ve ve ed him to it 
of vent rT 

ved seh NERS si ord ater re the ebil of 


wi ered eee haan ave been, wit ety foi @toopelonsywadformly kind end 
vd Darbar 1. Lander's interesting volumes will be found 
oar i ecen Tools, Ty, Pear and aie 


pt. Chay illness and death at Sackatoo, 
sel todo ing in the Sultan Hello a jealous ene- 


bi 


APRICAN TRAVELLERS. 


j and soon ren- 


villages in the ook 





i ; 
ia 





FH i 


He became a member of 


the 


people, 
est 


ch 


‘expectations were formed by the 


would sig by heyaee me settle- 
‘year 187, he visit 
‘was invested wi 


the Gold Coast and a 
wih prenatal 


‘Major-Gen. 


Sir Neil Campbell. 


pholl 
he wns 
a ot 


i 


Hy 


ie 


2 


donning 


of whom 


‘aceessful members of the mission to 


servant of Col. ; 
cayenne 


82. 
Columbus, 


peau! 


Capt 


wh 


and 
Tris a litle sit 


of discovery, afterwards accor 


Journey to 


ba prepa ine re ae pe RT TET 
ieee occasion. 


‘and tal 


a 


Cay 


‘at all 


i gealircons 
‘und 


tas he was at) 
‘or Tess, 


pele 


Srasielawer a! 


in, 
pes 


, wed 


for sueli an uodertaki 
of 


pain 


weqquaiited, 
southem Euro; 


lor, 
of the east, and 
a and 

wl 


baie He 


was 

had 
in 
mst 


it 
tho | 


i DeaE 





- 193 


. A PERPETUAL Loc. 


of a Perpetual found among the 4 
Beaver, R.N. ae ‘proposed. to him when § 


i has been forwarded t the Author of his Memoi: 
Capt, W. HL. Smyth RNY the eae 






Paz] 
Paseo eed, LET 
° 


The wheels, fixed horizontally between the keel end the false ion 
where a perpendicular raised on the plane will pass abaft the wh 
and before the cabin partition. 

AAA, a wheel, one foot diameter, to project two inches without the 


eel. 

BBB, the buckets, two inches deep, three or four broad. =» 

©, the axis of other wheels with six cogs. 
- D,a thin plate instead of spokes. 

EE, a wheel with 120 cogs, moved by cogs on axis wheel. 

F, a socket to receive the rod or spindle, 

G; a cap, covering half the projecting part ef the wheel, to assist 
the votrix in the chamber. 

‘The wheels to move on pivots. 

A copper tube, of an inch or three quarters diameter, to be fixed 
through the centre of the keel, perpendicular to its plane, and extend- 
ing a few inches above the kelson; another tube to fix in the former, 
supported by a cylinder of wood, inclosing the pipe or tube, well se- 
cured to the kelson, and one of the orlop deck-beams, and rising up to 
the quarter-deck abaft the wheel and before the cabin bulkhead, on 
which the rest of the machinery is to be fixed, in the form of clock, 
which receives its motion by a fong rod, fixed in the socket of the se- 
cond wheel, with 60 cogs on the upper end to move tlie third wheel. 

The first revolution of the second wheel, containing 120 cogs, will 
be equal to 60 fect of the ship's progressive motion. One revolu- 


19t A PERPBTUAL Loc. 


tion of the third wheel, the first in the clock, fixed perpendicular, the 

spi it motion, 60- cops will be equal to G00 feet. "The 
fourth wheel's revolution equal to foot, nearly a geographical 
mile, containing as the former 60 cogs, 

As Thave "ind uo opportunity to try what resistance the wheels may 
‘meet in the water, or what the rutus Will be retarded by friction, 

the difference at random, but the first experiment will essil 
determine it, and ean be rectified by having the fourth wheel, witl 
fewer or greater number of to complete one revolution: exaetly 
Sel sree inile, When determined, other triale may be 
‘at pleasure ; as a fifth wheel, with 72 cogs, will be equal to 
12 miles; a sixth, with 120 cogs, equal to 240 miles, &c. &c. 

Care should be taken that Se is or rests: ase the case 
of the pipe or tube, lest the motion be injured by bending the rod. I 
do not mean that the first, or bucket-wheel, should be confined to one 
foot diameter, but to one suitable to the breadth of the keel; nor the 
second wheel to a certain number of feet: only observe, the diameter 
of first wheel with cogs on the second, which also ought to be of the 
greatest diameter the keel will allow, shall so correspond, that one 
revolution of the second equals 60 feet of the ship's progressive motion, 

Farther observe, the second wheel can only move on e pivot below, 
for in the upper end af the axis must be a socket to receive the square 
point of the rod that moves in cylinder, or the axis may’ be pointed, 
and the socket in the rod. also mean that the socket of chamber in 
which the axis moves, shall enter a little it up the pipe inthe keel, 
to fit close vo prevent a leak, should the cylinder of wood whieh in- 
closes the pipe be broken by any accident ; but as it must ran some 


way near the after-magazine in two deck ships, nothing but shot can 
possibly ited it. i 
Talso think that in Jarge ships, it woold be’ better to have: the red 


in two parts, the first ending on the lower gun-deck, and the third 
wheel annexed to the lower end of the second rod ; however, should 
the plan be |, that and many other improvements may be made, 
to reduce the friction and facilitate the motion. ‘ 

‘The cap I mentioned to cover half of the projecting E of wheel to 
assist the votrix, may ak well be part of chamber described by the'same 


circle. 
N.B. Iwill thank you to let no copy be taken, and will thank you 
for any improvement you may make, 


Sir, 
Your humble servant, 
Joun Bassrrr. 


198° 


SKETCH OF THE SERVICES OF THK LATE . 
“LIRUTAGEN, 81R MILES NIGHTINGALL, K.c.n.'& Ma, 


, Tus officer, who died at Gloucester.an the 19th Sept. last, in his 
‘akxtyefirst year, entered, the army in 1787, a8 an Ensign in the 52d, 
and joimed that corps.at Madras in the summer of the following year. 
He served with the army under Sir W. Meadows, and yee Dewpenit gt 
paws assault and eel Dendagul, ia aay 17905 immediately 


urcherry, nap aad ane of Bay the storming of Saven- 
re erie and in the general action near ipatam, on 
the 15th ay al He continued. as brigade-major during both 
cam) dn the Mysore, aud was present at every affair in which the 
ae brigade poole ie agh during en ra ae the 
in the 's position, under the Is of 

tam, when all his 2 SS eneee Fae and one hundred 

pieces of cannon taken + e victory which compelled ‘the enemy to sub- 
anit to terms dictated by Lord Cornwallis, and peace was signed in 


ing, 
(Tuy the same situation, and with the same brigade, this officer in 
» Angust 1793, was present at the siege and capture of Pondicherry, 
after which he was compelled by indisposition to return to England, 
Qublsersiral he was, appointed aid. ahaa Marquis Cornwallis, 
‘then commanding the re Eewtesn district, but having shortly after pur- 
chased 2 majority, bars aupristed br} desta to the district. In 
‘same year, 1795, he purchased ube lieutenant-colonelcy of the 
115th regiment, and having voluntecred his services with the expedi- 
thon then fitting out under Sir Ralph Abercrombie, for the West In- 
dies, he was in command of the 02d; but that corps being soon 
<aller.redueed, Le. was remuved. to the 3th which ie eomunanded 
‘during allithe service in,which it was engaged in the West Indies, and 
at the capture of Trinidad in 1797. 
| In the expedition against Porto Rico, Lieut,-Col, rete 
“a te Ralph os extra uide-de-camp, i'not being. ne to ony 
‘38th on that service ; but, in segue See lIness, he was 
‘to resign that office in August 1797, and to return to Eng- 


Viewt.-Col. Ni tingall proceeded in 1798, to St. Domingo, as De- 
Beye bok the forces in that colony, deere ia 
an charge of dispatches, in July of the aame year, 
Easily in aires the Licutenant-Colone was employed on a particular 
service wil ie yy 








cE 


ss and sails ute that Cet a 


meet to the army destined for the lee eae as eg 
eae present in the general actions of 19th Sept, and 2d Oct. 


SFeauary, 1600, LicatOol. Nightdogall was again employe) idk 
Msjon-Gen, Maitland, fa Quiberua Bay nail oa the cout bf France, 
eral, and returned to England with dispatches 
Berar ex Absttias-Cuarten-Blente Gena in lle Geatera 





MILGS NIGHTINGALL, K.C.B. 


i and on the between 
iuatfetd Pomee fa Goober 001 ih wend ne bora 
as Secretary, the British Ambassador, Lord Cornwallis, to. Paris.and 


DES Syste eed 
north-west fronti the actions and tieges of 


Laswarre. 7On th Tanwar, Outea Bape Saeed Sear, he receiv 


1805, Col. Nii Raga via Military Secretary to the 
ante Conainet na cee en ber oe thearnets Chief; 
after his Lordaip's decease, tho Colonel remeined in India as 


1807. 
Col. Nightingall in February 1808, hye ma oer 
‘se es ‘Major-Gen. Brent Spencer, destined for the Pen- 
insula. At the battles of Roleia and Vimiera, he was in command of 
the 29th und 82d regiments, forming the third se eg) for hits 
conduct on those occusions, received the thanks 
cut at New Seth Wale, but rel Gre teen 0 
at New South Wal it this appointment he was to 
relinquish, from a long and painful illness. After serving rome time 
on the home staff, he was again sppointed to that of Spain and Portu- 
fae Mion Genera, boring htsined thot ranic on the 25th July, 


He was next appointed to the command of a brigade in the first, 
Sir Brent 5) 's, division, Sensteting C4 the 2d battalion 24th, 
‘2d battalion 42d, and 70th ents; but Sir Brent being second in ss 
ommend of the army, and te ently employed with othr dry 
eseicinend ol iret division devolved on the Major-G; 

ino Sone he held in the action of Fuentes D’Oner, 





Cirisioa of ee amy, near the eee but before he — the sta~ 
tion, lie was ay by the Governor-General, Lord Minto, to the 
‘chief cote in Java und its dependencies, with a seat in the 


Tn 1614, the Major-General commanded in person the force against 
the Rajah of Boni, who had assembled 3,000 men in a bapa 
The column of attack was formed under the comumund. of Li 
‘M‘Leod of the 59th; that corps and the en ees 
carried all before them, and in less than an hour were in possession 
the =a eseaping De Tbe ed mis 

\e country, and establis su) 
a ire Geaeral ay © Java, where be contoned Gi TSS Tab, 
when a appolated Commander-in-Chief at Bombay, in which 
ty, as second in the Council at that Presidency, he cort- 
‘idm E1810 when he exarned to England 

ee ieee ares Miles itingall was Colonel of the 
Ath Foot, and a member of the House of: In 1816, he had 
the hononr of having conferred on him the tte of a Raght Commander 


197 m 

 SUGERSTIONS IN NAVAL RCONOMY. : 

‘Mr. Eoxron,—Since the justice, not to my Uberality of the ‘avthori- 
Pi ieweeia the secu ced coione cops /ho compose the Service, 
bbat be restrained by jon of increasing the burthen, which 
ture for ‘ge impows on the public, any mensure caleu- 

L ih that uxpenditure seoms Likely to be interesting to your ceaders. 
Tia pemsmoatcated. poy propose Gir sepictiog 
‘and the beuofit of fal, “pr gale les: reer yee 

sure w watGiacdlcn of neing 1 as ia ah see 
to communicate another economical of 






ES 
a6 





pied by the two successive naval ad- 
sminintatony Speuoer and Lond St. Vineent, and for which Mx, Pitt 


funds for the outset, 1o an extent much what was usked for.® 
‘The savings to be made by manufacturing on account, arise fom 
the following rources. 


fn ohieeplia ata lower rate of interest than it ean be procured at by 
indivi 
\rance against disuse of thé article, for the production of which capital has 
sid out. ‘Tho private manufacturer must be instred against the chance of 
w discontinuance of the demand, arising from a determination to employ another 
‘Manufacturer, as al90 ugainst the cessation of need for the article in time of peace. 
Government can OF comtriol ite manufictory more easily than the private 
tj adel bas Soreove, enlle notion ol ahelehmage from war to peace 








‘wut operatives, 
itablishment, for filling inon the breaking out of war. 
CS ep Gere oer 
the tities required aire when it is known that at 
all events: ernment. 


cont 
aship happens to fall, the manufacture never appli¢s to 
i at leer 
‘or wheo an increas 
fhe neter fills Yo apply for 


* Soo my Naval Papers, No. 9, page 134, and No. 5. 


_ 





SUGGESTIONS IN NAVAL RCONOMY. 





cannot forego. ‘or delay the 
they are under the neceanly o¢ paring, any Eas ee maybe 
‘upon by a combination of those who happen to possess the stores roquired, of 
the means of manufacturing in great quantities, artioles of which the naval de- 
‘mand is so immense, as for copper sheathing, eordage, and sail eloth. 


Phat the contmet in time of wns, have the en= 
Nadbenbat ofa ues: pice a rade sod werkt eas eee ata 
it be adduced ; but taking that of sail-cloth, it will be seen on wo 


reference 
that the times of suddea and great increase of have bean the years 
tha wants of Governinent wore bpparied ay 





* Soe Naval Papers, No. fy 5 


201 


ANNALS OF THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGNS.* 


Few works of fiction published in modern times have created, or deserved to, 
create, what is called a greater sensation, than Cyril Thornton " Partaking just 
as much of a military character as to give to it a kind of interest then perfectly’ 
novel, yet totally free from the most remote approximation to pedantry oF pro- 
fessionalism, that powerful tale at once established for its author a high reputa- 
tion among the writers of the day, and led such as perused it to look forward 
with something like impatience to a fresh essay from the sumegied pen. | Whe 
ther the expectations thus excited will be realized by the performance now pro-" 
duced, we of course not to decide ; but if they be not, we have no hesi- 
tation to say that the fact will exceedingly surprise us. 

Notwithstanding all that has been written on the subject of the Peninsular 
war, in the shape of histories, narratives, recollections, and personal memoirs, 
the ‘people of England have ‘possibly felt, up to this moment, that a con 
cise ‘and spirited sketch of the late contest was wanting. Mr. Southey has, 
it is lescribed the progress of the struggle, from beginning to end with & 
degree of eloquence and beauty peculiar only to himself; but, unfortunately for 
the cause of truth, not leas than his own reputation as a historian, Mr. Southey’s 
great work is to be esteemed as little better than a romance. Far be it from us 
to assert, that the learned and amiable Laureat has in any instance wilfully per- 
verted facts, or knowingly deceived his readers. If there be one main in Eng- 
land less chargeable with these atrocities than another, that man is Mr. Southey: 
but the very openness of character and generosity of heart, which render 
him incapable of such erites, totally disqualify him for the ofice which he has 
somewhat unnecessarily assumed. Mr. Southey sat down to write under the 
influence of strong prejudices, originating in his own innate sense of what a 
people owe to themselves and to their country, and fostered and brought to ma- 
furity by his intimate nequaintance with the traditions of chivalry. He had 
admired, as all right-thinking men admired with him, the sudden spirit of oppo- 
sition displayed by Spain to the attempts of the great usurper, and remembering 
what Spain once was, not looking to what she had since become, he ceased not 
to watch the future conduct of her sons, through the medium, not of reason but 
of imagination. In the same spirit, Mr. Southey, from year to year, recorded, _ 
in the pages of the London Annual Register, the events which arose out of the 
critical movement of the Gth of May, till his mind became at last so perfectly 
imbued with a partiality amounting to prejudice, that no statements, from what- 
ever quarter emanating, could afterwards restore to it its natural tone. Hence 
his extravagant laudation of Spanish gallantry and Spanish endurance, qualities 
of which those who served the longest in Spain witnessed the fewest specimens; 
and hence also the grievously incorrect descriptions of almost every military 
operation, which disfigure his otherwise delightful pages. Mr. Southey’s work, 
therefore, though singularly attractive in itself,—as a mine of stitistical lore, no 
less thau as the productiou of a man of genius,—is, when regarded as a history of 
the late war, absolutely worth nothing. 

‘The next work of importance after Mr. Southcy's, (for we speak at present only. 
of such performances as describe the whole or a large portion of the late war,) 
is the Narrative of the Marquis of Londonderry. As far as it goes, perhaps, no 
description of recent events advances a better claim to be received as authorita~ 
tive and deeply interesting than this. Without aiming at the dignity of history, 
his Lordship has contrived to mix up with his account of his own personal pro- 
ceedings, more accurate details of the operations of the Allied army in general, 

















* Annals of the Peninsular Campaigns from 1808 to 1BL4. By th 
‘Thornton, in 3 vols 12mo, with plates. 


U.S. Jours. No. 14. Fen. 1930. e 








(ANNALS OF THE — 


i 
if 
: 
dl 
é 
He 


mn 


‘Tombly too long. Speculations and opinions 
with iption of ; and the reader becomes occasionally 
Metter ddan wenats HTenencne, hich hates cael oe aseeed Ia 


u xi-book,—not 
pany correct and authoritative, but becanse it com= 
fo doubt Col. Napier has his Prejudices ag well 
he writes like a soldier, extenuates the atrocities of 


Napier’s work, splendid and elaborate as it is, 
‘work to mitiofy readers in general. It as, perhaps, 
eeionl tn recon, tbe aed a ts eens 





ene facts staring him in the face, jor of Cyril Thornton de- 
to complete what bho has modestly denominated Annals 
‘the No title could have better chosen -— 
not morely with reference to the probable oick pk sbe omsentegien| the 
) large, but 7 to the contents of the volumes to which it is profixed, 
There are literally and truly what they profess to be—annals of the most glo- 
‘ious strogglo in which this country was over engaged; and they contain, 
‘generally pene ‘one of the clearest and most concisn sketches of the 
5 coed seven eventful years which we recollect to have seen. Siecfiog 
4 #& middle course, onr author neither afitets to paint the invaders in. the co- 


censure, So fur the work seems 10 us 10, 


‘eis save in hic me acres In i Jo ground of 
ich, 


£ 
i 
= 
& 
p 
‘ 
Ses 
38s 
F 
& 
£ 
in 
Hi 
2 








the 5 
‘Though we stated at th int that the of England 
ie sdlaiapetence tavaat tuthacal i tcouetiee tue tears 
of Renders. osisery Seon leblg that the present is the moment at 
‘which it may be brought out to the best advantage. On the contrary, with rivals 
ah Reap en far eae tee = 4 
: en hs 
{ial acaly on be exergy ad wonton i a sero og is 


treet tf ao oft hat Setar tell it again, peti 
‘were we unwise enough as to 
‘ouPrreddersito follow un We muah at by 


*i( 


PENINSULAR CAMPAIGNS. 203 


Finally, 
reconing the ft ofr ofthe Span nfs in their own defence, the former 

of Baylen, our author hastens to introduce a British 
yy Uriy a Tidy explaining the circumstances which 


not the 

rn ee " Sewanee 

‘went, Mt ut 
‘theme, the author brings 


the The recall of Sir ilogi Ds 
ieee and Sir Jobn Moore, with 
“The campaign which followed ix wll dosoribed, as it has boon well described 


Oo) Slot resent to notice the description. 

Secs zeae ee ee 
Re cope iecne cairo 

“inks ented. te ‘at for ~ 


n ‘Ho contends, that for the {nto retrent npow Corinna 
Was no oeension 5 and that me ong prot of Galtieia mi we been 
and tol been iN the 


‘Sargom. We should have 
more of war as it is, than to copy ull that historian's roman- 
ro 





ANNALS OF THE 


tell 
BEC iss 
aH 


in 





: 
eB BEs 
i 


a 
it 


! 
: 
i 


= 
& 
= 





{testa core tha be cught ty do wo the arates of scbontinntes. ia a grtat 
‘leaks ve suppose that * the Government of Portugal. eonred ranfuly™ tao. 


z 
i 
E 
2 
H 
l 
: 
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i 
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= 
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t 


waa Te but 
‘was to be divcunsed at all, it ought to have been discussed more fully. Not one. 
Word i¢ eid of the communications which passed between the anthorised 

of South America and the mother country, as to the consequences which were 
to ensuo upon a certain possible ‘contingency. We heir nothing of a deelara~ 


that if Spain were foreed to submit to France, Amorica must submit also, and 

that under no circumstances whatever could a dismemberment be samotioned, 

As little are we eolightoned on the subject of tho uses to which the mepplios of 
for the resistence of the 


arms and money granted by Great ei ‘common 
seat, were sarond.” Nota syllable te eld of the tions fitted out and 
sont forth from Cadiz at this eventfal moment, to ‘tho Colonies to follow 
the fortunes of the mother country, for better or far Worse; nor ix a hint thrown 


: 


PENINSULAR CAMPAIGNS. 205 


‘The campaign of 1811, though not without its weight in determining the 
five results of the war, and abounding in brilliant affairs, was, perhaps, the least 
decisive of any that took place during the contest. It is not, however, on that 
account, described either correctly or briefly by our author; on the contrary, 
the murderous affair of Albuera, and the strife at Fuentes, are each depicted in 
Jost and glowing colours; whilst criticisms are adventured sufficiently bold, 
H they be not absoltely just. ‘Their justice, however, it is not our part to 

ispute. 
‘ Letthe gall’d jade wince, our withers are unwrung.”” 

‘There are few sections of the Peninsular Annals more delicate than the cam- 
paign of 1812. Commencing with the most brilliant and uplooked for suc- 
Cesses, it terminated in the retreat from Burgos, a movement which undeniabl 
Produced, at the moment, very serious discontent, both at home and abroad, 

ethaps, too, there is no portion of the eventful history of the Duke of Wel- 
ington on which men are more apt to differ in opinion. We are not called 
upon to give sentence one way or the other,—but this we must admit, that 
Capt. Hamilton has extricated himself from this dilemma, if such it be, with re- 
markable address. After describing the capture of Rodrigo and Badajos, the 
subsequent manoeuvres of the hostile arms, the battle of Salamanca, the ad- 
vance upon Madrid, and the investment of Burgos, he gives us in detail, both 
the circumstances of the retrogression upon Tormes, and a brief and sensible 
evtique upon the latter movement in which he lays the principal blame, arly 
upon Generals Blake and O'Donnel, partly upon the Bntish Ministers. 
ther the occupation of Madrid at all, at that particular juncture, was or was not 
an error, may be questioned,—but if it were, the consequences arising out of it 
were amply redeemed by the campaign of 1813. 

Never was advance more splendid than that which began upon the frontiers 
of Portugal on the 16th of May, and ended at the foot of the Pyrenees on the 
21st of June. It was beyond all comparison the most magnificent, as well as 
the best arranged manceuvre ever executed by a British army ; and the battle of 
Vittoria to which it led was the most important, both in its direct and contin 
gent consequences, of any that was fought during the whole war. By that single 
Victory, the Peninsula may be said to have been cleared,—for the detached corps 
of the enemy which still polluted the Spanish soil became comparatively power- 
less,—whilst its influence in affecting the decisions of the Northern powers, 
then wavering between the desire of peace and the hope of farther successes, 
was immense. To the victory of Vittoria, indeed, even more than to that of 
Leipsic, Napoleon's first abdication was owing; for had the former not been 
won, the Intter never would have been fought for,—yet there are historians who 
forget to record this,—or to speak more accurately, who studiously keep the fact 
out of view. We do not envy the candour of these men’s minds, to whatever 
nation they belong, and we will not do so much honour to their names as to 
transcribe them. : 

‘The same spirit which characterizes his details of the operations of 1812, give 
2 tone to our author's narrative of the campaign of 1813. Ie describes the 
siege and capture of St. Sebastian, the battle of the Pyrenees, the crossing of the 
Bidassoa, and the several actions iu the south of France, with great spirit and 
fidelity ; “indeed, no man can read his narrative without receiving full assurance, 
that the utmost care has been bestowed upon its compilation. Such, however, 
is maniferty the case with the entire, work from beginning to end. | Brery 
sourve of information within the author's reach has been aedulously explored; 
general impartiality has been exercised in using the materials obtained for it; 
and if here and there a trifling error may be discovered, it is not more than 
might be asserted of the most admired history in existence. 

everting for a moment to Captain Hamilton's note on Colonel Napier's 
view of the Capture (or Sack) of Cordova, for which, the former observes, Colo- 











206 ANNALS OF THE _ 


nel has not guoted any authority, we my remiak that Colonel 
is stasemect on Duponr's ** Journal of .” eonfirined 
collected on the 


4s posthumous, that he 

was, besides, a pontieal enemy of after the restoration. We ere not 

Sse ae he Penh as dare te rion of be Peni 
acts 3 

Forts ties ota in peck cf the ditealtiy ‘ead perplexity under whieh 

conscientious Histosian must inevitably Inbour. 


‘We shall 38 ving a couple of extmncts, 
Ditearechomathont brew ah sesmioton aseveh 6 Kooy 

lation of his work, as ooe well entided to tha enoral approbation of his coun. 
tymen. 


ticul of aces pos: 
Sette feof Uke sterner nod more tmponig | af mountain scenery. 

fand drought of susnmer had deprived snuch of thas brightness of verdure 

is common in 4 colder anJ more yariable climate, Here and there the face of the 


‘of which wore occasionally covered with j and below, extoaded groves of the cork 
‘tree and olive: while Obi with ite ancumt walls and ee 
ct, Tvs inthe middle disace, "To tho east the prospect was by the 

ty sumit uf the Moute Junto, and-on the west by he Adlantic. 

“Aa the centre caluan commence it avance tarde th steep in front, 
Whe enany gave ne demonstrtion of hoxlity sau all ws stil os when 
the goat tended his flock on the ant the 1 went forth to his 
labours, carolliny bis matin in the sunrise. Such was the scone about to becon- 


is 

ssccratea in. the eyes of posterity ry the fist comaiderable cof Brith blood, i 

at pre, fry ea eat omelets ores Daal ee 

Derren or Avraa.—" “Aout wight o'clock on ae an a ‘the 16th, the 
sawed 


feos tue wos 


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it instantly essential to the safety of the army, that Dy ne 
wo army, that 
See ren ae pe eee 
alts diana sae = i 
aT RMA Tas exvuleericr wie ste be ip 7 
‘This failed. Lange oh esa French artillery, and 2 cl 
again forced in confusion. snewart's division, thoreforn, wae 
ht “ee ‘ing through the Spaniards, ad to wait 


Lie 


ling bat- 
‘tulious alone, haying completed the manxuvre—wheu & of Fete ates, 
which under shelter of the mist had circled their Annk, made # farious frowa the 
rear, The result was, that the whole brigade, with the exception of the Bist, which 


BU TNE) Sys Tene , 
He aida Hei oe 


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in cavalry, 
ie he 
made 

the 

rigade, and 


with immense 


great (nferia 


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eavalry were driven back, and tho guna 





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aHGHnS 


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Pian ie HF 
af li Hs 
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faith 


uh 


THE LIRK OP SIR THOMAS MUNRO.® 


that nals of the great sustis the ian 
nzlog coun. Like meteors ey appear and anid 
bat a faint indicat more 


ots 
erinis—an cfice which belongs alluc fo biography and ti 
ctare impaired than improved by the 
eee ree Ne ee ae secre ie ae sae 
Fee deve egos a th uot wm ig * 
lve eviden mavious ation 
Bete teh ee aro Min Wate al hoc Lit are 


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Tand they visited ax teas 60 served as sons. 
Tn the ig of the yenr 1780, Thomas Munro, then in his «i 
year, ‘at Madre in the quatity ofa Cadet. His father, a respectal 
‘one affluent. merchant of G hecome involved. in his elreumstances 
wuence of the rupture with out American Provinces, with which he 
Tags tereen wiichive Us elo e Leiba deesemonat ae 
See ee arrestee cece 
rou) to contribute r¢ wo 
i oon of his subsequent life, 


5 active operations, and from the outset gave 
sigeal proofs, ‘his corres; ‘hetmaasculine and: rigorous faselieet 
which in his after eareer, imparted an almost oracular yolue to his 
Even as a recrdi inexperienced in the practice and: details of wary 
eketches, communicated in letters to his family, of the important and. li 
est, arp ebaracterized by a critical porception and. pro~ 
out mataitwe, Feeling the inefficacy of such Co 
tmets, as our Limits would permit us to offer, towards the end of ndeq ox 
t round-work « favourable impressions, we 
aust content ourvelvos for the present with q of a lottor to his sister, 
Cetlen anies and spirited picture of hie mode of life, and proves 
that, # hig subjact were gay or grave, he drew with the hand of a master, 
© Madras, 294 January, L769. 
“You seem to think thet they (Indina officers) live like those ‘that you have read 
of in plays ; and that J ie particular hold my atate in ‘and 
cor IT never go abroad unless pon ani 
* The Life of Major-General Sir Thomas Munro, Bart, and K.C.1S, late Governor of 
‘Madras. With Extracts frot his Correspondence ond Private Papers. 








THE LIFE OF SIR THOMAS MUNRO. 


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Fade 


i 3 and T ly chose rather to cool my hesls 
ine Uh Alvugater weal lect tp Bengal; when ik gave eocen 
rep touch ‘On this goeat occasion, T i a pllios and x carpet ws hy un 
bu the unarunate cura were condemel to dake pilloycas and toe 
in 


toby with martin; 1 Tagan to grow prod, andre Hien 
‘i two tablespoons, and two sd an0- 
tonfor | had but one befor —n table, and two taleclatha, Hot my 


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Ieee ra hat teat tae ly so ol dea Neglors os “This great blow se 
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and weighed men and those of th 
wa geigarteret eget Ce 
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iwhled tes gttion 3 recalled from our mays tae. 
‘the brief interval of peace which ensued, Mn Munro, now appointed 


L 
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im 1790, 


‘until the breaking ‘Tippee, whens We 
again took the field with the amy, and was present at the prinedpad events, SN | 


THE LUE OF SIR THOMAS MUNRO. 


== ote A aptly mater nd 
Mimte ia 
aaa infinite advantage fan cn and equal honour 





aon from n district. (Baramahl) he had mainly contributed to organize, 
and to which be was I. ‘appointment was certainly a mest. 
flattering testimony to tho well-earned repo od extordnay sitions 
of Capt. Munro ;—still nothing but a it senso of public @aty overcame 
bis) repugnance to the office, which ne most oe 1, and 
‘with eminent sncoess ind nd: state, till of 
the your 1000, Parhaps in no portion of veel Heh si 
admirable, or his labours more arduous, than in his ¢} “at Canara. Sur- 
Sean inite temper incredible difficulties in the of his soli 
tary y 


‘manfall against the severe privations incidental 
to his situation, the energy of his character, and the powers of his mind, wore 


thie period, n namo of illustrious occurs in these Memoirs, 
Colona ee eB ‘in command of the army of », took the field 
‘Wahag, am adventurer of ‘Mabvaria extroctlon; bat nmntveot the 
a This chief, after Lek ven a asa trooper 
& frvebooter, and @ partisan, havi the time of the Sob ors 
date nf aes, uy wih ‘been thrown 

Cray feeapgen gree Babe force to the north of the’ 
and aimed at nothing less soe ity. After a scrits of active and, 





ae ty 


ful movements, indicative in no slight degree of the pre-eminent talents for eom- 
id, which have since raised our military reputation to the first rank in 
Wellesley overtook, totally and slew “The King of the 
Worlds,”—s0 the Colonel ironically styles Dhondee, iu his familiar and spirited. 
\ce with Major Munro ;—a correspondence from which, were proof 
wo dorive the conviction that even then foresight ee 
fives iooncing ie iter, bat atu docenen’ of peaiar Wterat a Ue 
His vit ‘a document iar Y 
= Tampa le rm 


Tete Decteonry to promslc, hat Major Maro, Having pusceedédis 

gato afar of Coruna fn tra, smd farvel nol ceesieed 
ton af te Cdl Drs, thesa more composed of curtain provincas 
to the the Company by by foe Ninna a comumnaicn for Bs 


nea 


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Sndpatomepattonteconi ‘him golden opinions fom ‘alt 
‘isis, where be was Known ‘bythe appellation of “Tho 


tt 


THE LIVE OF SIR THOMAS MUNRO. an 


Camp at Cherikain, Now. Ist, 1803. 

you arn a judge of a military operation, and as Tam desirous 
iny side, Tempra ine you am account of the bate of 
letter of tho 19th October ; in which I think Labnil solve. 
Tooks at that tranmetion 


report o 
tives of the Curoati, they are na We 
to 


‘cavalry onearoped iM a most 
tho by, i /e been, for me to-attack, if, whem the 
front, thy hiad taken eare to occupy the only passage there was 


‘hola army, and contemplated their position, of course I eon 
attack immodiately, o delay till the’ following. mom 
immediate attack, because I saw eloarly that iF 1 atempt- 
jaulniah, EC should have ben followed thither by the whole 
and T have suffered some lows: insterd of 
there in the morning ; and, at all events, 1 should have 
‘place 20 near the ; 





THs. LIFE OF SIR THOMAS MUNRO. 


- 


Bh 


ate 


sy 





iit i int eh a) 
i ea La 
eeu rena tn 
eH iene eH 
ay gk Fett ils tani aga 
ee rr eH 
Hey ul eat hgh 
Hey aaah Ppegae 
Hua ide ua uubiey itis if HH 
HE ey ned pe Tee : HY iil nue 





fe ae La ie fal s 


u 








THE LIFE OF SIR THOMAS MUNRO. 213 


Colonel Munro, with the rank of Brigadier, was at length gratified with an ac- 
tive command.’ For the admirable mannerin which he conducted his portion of 
the operations, we must refer our readers to his life ; the details cannot be read 
without benefit. In the field as in the cutcherry, lie was alike shrewd, energetic, 
and successful. 

Having resigned his military command at the conclusion of the war, Sir Tho- 
mas Munro, accompanied by his family, again visited England in 1819 ; but his 
talents for government were too necessary to the state to allow him repose ; and 
amidst the most honourable testimonials of esteem, he returned to Madras, as suc- 
cessor to Mr. Elliott in the Government of that Presidency. He had now the 
rank of Major-General, with the insignia of K.C.B.; and in 1826, as an addi- 
tional mark of favour, was created a Baronet. ‘The Burmese war occurring most 
inopportunely for his views of finally and immediately quitting India, he sacri- 
ficed his personal wishes and convenience to the public service, in retaining his 
office till the conclusion of the treaty. Having at length, in 1827, made eve 
arrangement for returning to enjoy his well-earned honours in his native island, 
he proceeded to pay a farewell visit to his old friends, the People of the Ceded 
Districts, for whom he had continued to feel a strong interest,—and being at- 
tacked on the Sth July with cholera, then prevalent in the country, he expired 
amongat them on the followiog day, near Gooty, where be lies interred, Never, 
it would appear, was functionary more deeply and universally lamented. 

While the wilitary movements of Sir Thomas Mucto, with very inaidequhbi 
means as in 1817, were most skilfully directed, no one more sedulously studied or 
more thoroughly understood the habits and character of the Natives, or has suc- 
ceeded so well in managing and attaching them. He addressed the people through 
their own dialects with which he had made himself familiar,—an example which 
demands a more general imitation in every quarter connected with Colonial 
Government. Profoundly versed in the political and social relations of India, 
his active thought appears to have equally embraced every topic of its literature 
and topography, while his knowledge of human nature was equally extensive 
and minute. His views of society are traced with a singleness and power which 
convince; and if there appear an occasional shade of stoicism or singularity in 
his philosophy, it is dispelled on the instant by the charms of a cultivated wit, 
and the redeeming influences of domestic affection and comprehensive benevo- 
lence. To the attractions of Nature he was as confessedly alive as her most sen- 
timental votaries, and his local predilections were distinguished by their warmth 
and permanence. is professional and public zeal are proved to have been 
unbounded, and to have suffered no diminution under circumstances of per- 
sonal disappointment or disgust. 

In trenching, as we have been thus tempted to do, on the domain of the bio- 
grapher, we would guard our readers against the supposition that our language 
conveysan adequate impression of the masterly and elegant sketches of Mr. Gleig, 
nor of the sound sclection and happy arrangement of his materials. Fortunately 80 
much remains of Sir Thomas Munro's correspondence and papers, as to form an 
almost unbroken chain of narrative during half a century, comprising the most 
important period of our oriental empire; and the series is so judiciously con- 
nected, the links are so fine, and the whole is so skilfully woven, without unne- 
essary digression or dissertation, into its natural order, that even when guided 
by the biographer, we still keep sight of his gifted original 

We have been advsedly gachoular in giving an outline “of Sir “Thomas 
‘Munro's career for the general information of our readers ;—but of the multifa- 
rious, interesting, and always valuable details comprehended in these sterling 
volumes, we do not pretend to have furnished more than a hasty glimpse. It 
will become, we predict, a standard work, inseparable from Indian history, 
civil, military, and topographical; and will be duly prized by the general 
reader, if we err not in thinking it does honour to our literature, as well as by 
all who feel interest in those regions on which it throws the light of a superior 
intelligence and an acknowledged authority. 































ua 

ii F] dy ieteeays 2 

ae a oe inn Tena 

ie aay i) 

Ha 

IES ir rut ial 

hg He ei aly a 
pi sath HI 

iit nat iat 





PORBIGN MISCELLANY. 215 


ieliogy, ich 
ane Fae eae Seca ef il tea 
‘anirmated ; but these causes are on and exercise but a tem 
bound to observe 


fice ics of sirens, 


‘ane 
‘The: i chp ice of suai in certain Phe 
a 


ay eile by age, cannot fel, in ime of wa, 
then 


tid tious wh filed Yoh he 
feces eae 


fect of Napoleon : itis, however, 
‘which this Prince hod shown seine the Seven. 
his name Ftd maid with that of the great Frederick, fa ‘not 
led to the confidence which was reposod i 


‘Pheonditional advancement by choice,” continues M. de Chambray, ples 
is tha lands of Sour st intrigue, but this mode has never 
ny sanding any, Choice ls only exerci on corals ation 
Hero tr can’ be selected for promotion who are not in a situa 
BE th Ls oc crdngnors or suueties By cxsiom, nad ere 
oo Arles always preserve a great inflaence. 
See petal by purchase would be attended with the 4 
wnility, and would not oaly destroy emulation, but the nobl 
that ought to be preserved with s much care in the Pai 
ire hare no example of udrancement ty purchase unqualified Uy ae 
oid ordinances, or unaccompani as one of the two preceding 


thy eestion can eit resimently, In this ode 
ipa or 


of il ifeendct Foot 
ma pend ni much on the composi mp of oficers 
‘aptamer ing 


hungelf to determine which of these dif 
combination of them ‘is most conducive 





216 7 ' FORBIGN MISCELLANY. 
of. en must be considered in 
to the intareste of a beer he allows mje ag 


i ; o Rovere by sin, we lito tote 
of ‘whieh in “alt its 
"the beat” Gh) 





Support af our aristocracy Us msared; Se pole 
i poy cms of ard srt te erly — 
‘not encumber us with superaununted: HOF var surprise us 


FRENCH ARMY PoR 1830. 
‘The (s the return rade es Se War 
iosprabe het i i a Rie 
stay vn ao 





Marshals of - 2 
‘Officers of the General Sta? 2,608 
—— of the King’s Housshold. - 1a 
Soe 
— Car 

See am a ait) 590, 

0 
=r pean Sade es aS TAB? 
Sere “325 
——= Royal Anil sip Sid to wl 
parents heey es ld aiken 208 
—— Waggon Tin < a 
ADE, ipanies 24 = 
——Menal sar: 320 

eferinuty Surgeons. Wo 
—— Commissariat 120 . 
Toth + 18718 od my 
CAVALRY OF THER OARDE ROYALE. © , 
4 Rogiments of Cuirassiens, 
6 ditto Hussars, 
4. ditto Lancers, 
6 ditto Chasseurs, 
6 ditto Dragoons, 
1 ditto’ Horse’Antillery. 
REGULAR CAVALRY, 
; agar cota 
1 
6 ditio Lancers, 
g el ‘Chasscans," 2 
itte Dias 
$ dite Artillery. 2 


FORBIGN MISCELUAN YT. aT 


And cere: ao eines ote eee total umber of 250, 
civ me, lich constantly het up b the soemariplon ne 





‘tontinent, ling us any ar meee 
Pee cccien tees siti wi tenn peak 
our r 
mil agp in stonemes, the following camace 


drawn with the dosterity, and sion 5 all the ques 
pesado and com] I, were with « promptitude and 
axtonished several merabers of the Commission, who are good 

. 
3 Dereapigned stiaeny engiesertag] deatoehaiga of the cadots was not loss 


satisfactory, 

However, with respect to fortification, the Comnixsioners are obliged to. con~ 
at models in relief are wanting; and it solicits an allowance of funds, in 

that the aeudemy may be able to procure them. 
‘Tee pape have made a remarkable progress in natural philosophy, in which 
ig included mechanics, optics, electricity, im, and astronomy ; but it is 
je that acoustics, the application of which facilitates the transmission of 
‘the words of command during munceuvres, have been forgotten; the inspectors 


these 
earning French, the cadets aim less of, thi reading 
= Sheymorka wriice In UA! ngage, "The Commision, 


ers consider that this object bas been obtained. 


have made great pt in drawing ; they are very expert at in- 
ey ig tae a of artillery leaves much to be desired, 
proceeds from the short timo devoted to this branch, The Cormission- 
‘ers are, therefore, of opinion, that the timo which its importance demands 





to be granted, in order that the cadets may be occupied with the execution 
Sige pe ny yay. : a t 








“AMERICAN NAVY, 

carn out under the direction of the Secretary ofthe 
year 1829, there were at that time thirty-five captains, thirty-three 

Jounx. No. 14. Fru. 1830. a 


j= 


218 FORRIGN MISCBLLANY. 


them, the 


vi 


Ser tie inset ‘runs each one’ of 
Renee Gees Sielereocs watek te clew onriaomt 
the Tepe aad te’ Cava,  Fmnkdiog ie 


; 





the 
ord Besides there, five meu-ofwar and six fmgates are upon the 
rode Be ein der Sciences Maliains, No. 10. = ~ toe 
“ame PRUSSIA. . : 
His ‘the Emperor of Russia has. been pleased 10 address’ the follow- 
ing toecipt fo Licut-Cen,B Baron Won Mating: dated Sept 22d, 1829... 


xi had y 


which the. progress of the ‘arms might lead Duly 
appreciat counsels, the Divan resolved io into forthe 
toa be ‘The exertions which you have 0 
desirable a result, have given you indisputable claims to our gratitude, aud in 
‘that you may possess a splendid proof our feeli we have 
sppointel you, Grand Cross of the Onder of St. Wladimir of the firs elisy the 
insignia of which we herewith pone woru according to the statutes 
- { ise “re Se 
Prausivche Staats Zeiting, Dec. 31.” (Signed) yh 
AUSTRIA, 


1829. 
RUSSIA. “ “ 


sagen MS aa a 
“After the manoouvres: tad "rented 186 salou Boge br get 
io alae et ee rere a in triumph before the who salut 
Ein sith the cher. ; . ao 
A snaniesto of she 224 August, modified by'n Chase of tho 4th October, doe 





= 


FORRIGN MISCRLLANY. 2p 
five funded ahi be effected 
a the war 





sk, Hectulsof levies anuarlor to tho Bhy (he preset cir acho may have 
‘exemption, will be required to join at the sime time (end 


athe Ont peene rate paige he of reerults wilt he, reduced 10 two 
awershock 


‘The proprietors, local and 
fn er wy ue ed metetieuer 
eceeioe spar Be un Seer rns eres 


“ithiThe! wubsistence hitherto furnished in ind by the same bier | 
during the march of the recruits to ati taen eta pee eat ‘be pai 
Cee Serecteaes ie pouy: 

Pics: Jews will have the power, as heretofore, of procuring substitutes, iPthey 


ae sean of ari rill previously deduct the contingent necenaty 
to coxoplete hits vervices the scone ee ‘will be directed to the mili~ 
tary depits—Spectuteur Militarre, r1'1829. 
WIRTEMBERG. 


‘The Court Gazette of Stutyard contains a royal ordinance, dated January the 
the following is the preamble. 

Animated by a desire to honour and preserve the me! ta! jesty 
pak acpepead cpa neice eran house and Analy pny 

reulted #9 found a new onfer of Knight i tml the ¢ Reval We 

‘of Frederick.’ Wo havo thought Gt to combine the foundation 

fithis oxtor with the comuomorvtion ordered ‘by our Tato fuhor of the accept: 

‘tie royal dignity by our house, which oocins (Ele day, and. accordingly 


tions 
© ere follow the iin nine stiles.) 
la Th eek 
into eight bo et gore In the centre is cio 


;, with his name, and-on the reverse the words 
‘lm Mr tig woo Sn oa © God and my right.”— 





ae 
. 






Have ben seat to Toolon to lentn the at of built ships of 
ane ponte sista hs © Major-Generul in the service of 
new poy mone ge to ei pp th themselves petra ae aed 


rhive cata at il ey 
pepe 





THE ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE AT PORTSMOUTH. 


‘Taw nsnol bolf-yearly examination of the students at this National Ex- 
tablishment, took place in December, previous to the Chri 
atwhich all the officers of the estal 
‘conducting the examination, ia either by direct question, view voce, or by 
a printed paper, containing those to which answers are to be written, 
the ‘on_each subject being given without the student's previ- 
ous knowledge of them. The following is a brief sketch of the proceed- 
ings on the recent occasion. 
the janior clase wes examined in, and gave clear aad satistidtory de- 
monstrations from, Euclid’s Geometry. 

‘o the next clas, were given varius questions in Alger, ax fr as 
‘equations, in Fght-angled ‘plane and spherical Trigonometry, and the 

jon of the former to the measurement of inaccessible heights 









distances. 

A junior class in Astronomy, proved amongst other lems, that 
“the Equator intersects the Horizon in the East and West Points ;* 
and that “the Altitude of the Pole above the Horizon is always equal 
‘to the latitude of the place.” - 

‘To the senior classes in navigation were given practical questions as 
‘to the mode of observing with the sextant, and the construction and 
use of an azimuth compass,—anawered viva voce. 

Also the manner of working a day's work, the latitude gies 
altitudes, both above and below the elevated pole, and by double alti- 
tudes of the sun: the method of rating a chronometer, and of obtain= 
ing the longitude from it, as well as by means of the lunar distance = 
also the method of finding’ the time of high water ut any place, and the 
several means of ascertaining the variation of the compass, Examples 
of each of these problems were individually solved. 

‘The same class was examined in the construction and use of the Theo- 
dolite, with its adjustments and application in the measurement of ho- 
rizontal and vertical angles. ‘The manner of surveying « harbour, and 
also a line of coast which is innecessible to a skip sailing along it 
‘The description and use of a portable transit Telescope, vith ite va- 
rious adjustments, and the readiest method of placing it in the plane 
of the meridian. 

‘A class in Fortification were required to delineate a Counterguard, 
and a vertical plan of 2 Rampart, Parapet, Covertway, and Glaeis, 
stating the exact proportionate dimensions of each. Also a Hornwork, 
Ga TLSreE Tre: and fo ava tho penpeecsone OP acca f 

‘The above formed the pre courve of examination on mathema~ 
tical subjects, Questions in the history of our Wprstieias 
Great attention is paid at the College to this braneh of education, the 
examination in which comprises the whole period from the introduc- 
tion of the Saxons into the island to the present timo, and usually 
ocenpies an catire day: the replies to the various questions—em| 
the principal events of an entire reign—the causes which have led to 
the most important changes in i ete the country—com- 

ste descriptions of the most dis nepiliel ements by sea and. 

jand, &c., were given in‘writing, and the correet in! tionmanifested 


NOTES ON MILITARY PENSIONS. 221 


be the Pupils on these subjects, called forth the warm encomiums of 
the officers present. 

‘The progress of the senior students in the French language was moat 
satisfactory ; and some very capital specimens of their progress in 
drawing, under the able direction of Mr. J.C. Schetky, were submitted 
to the inspection of the masters and visitors who attended. 

The examinations occupied a week, and at their termination the two 
prize medals were adjudged. The students being collected for this 
Purpose, Professor Inman, in presence of the first Lord of the Ad~ 
miralty, the Port Admiral, the Commissioner of the Dock-yard, and 
other officers, bestowed flattering expressions of encomium on the 
gress which Mr. David Melville Ross had made in his general studies, 
and awarded to him the principal gold medal. He also complimented 
Sir Frederick William Erskine Nicolson, Bart. for the able manner in 
which he had passed his examinations, and awarded to him the second 
medal. The Professor then expressed his approbation of the progress 
made by several of the other students, after which the vacation com~ 
menced. 


NOTES ON MILITARY PENSIONS. 
NEW SCALE OF PENSIONS FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE 1M THE PRENCH ARMY 


Cuarues, by the Grace of God, King of France and Navarre. e 

Having examined the Ordonnance of the 27th August, 1814, and 
particularly the tables which contain the scale of pensions awarded to 
officers and soldiers of the army. 

Having deliberated also upon the 25th Article of the law in regard 
to the finances, bearing date 25th March, 1817. 
ishing to improve the scule of military pensions in as far as it ad- 
alte of amelioration. 

n the report of Our Secretary-at-war, 

We have ordered, and do order - follows: 

1. The table of military pensions for length of service, contained in 
the Ordonnance of the 27th Aug. 1814, is abrogated, and the annexed 
scale is substituted for it. 

11. All military pensions awarded from this date, are to be granted 
according to the new scale. 

ut. In the suppositious years which are allowed to be reckoned on 
account of campaigns above the period of actual service, a fraction of a 

ear may be reckoned a whole year, and the same rule holds good in 
tions of several years, 

1v. Where the former regulations have not been abrogated by this 
ordonnance, they are to continue in force. 

v. Our Secretary of State for the War Department and the Minister 
of Finance, are directed to be guided by this Ordonnance, in as far as 
they are concerned. This Ordonnance is to be published in the Bulle- 
tin of Laws. 

Given at Our Palace of Saint Cloud, the 10th day of October, 1829, 
and the Sixth of Our reign. 











Cuanuzs, the King. 
Cowra nx Bournon'r, Secretary at War. 


222 NOTES ON MILITARY PRNSIONS. 
FENGONE FOR DENGUE: DE BERVICE ~ 





















‘Pranes. 
oo 
60 
90 
Bo 
500 25 
20 
800 20 
& | 3 
10 
300 10 
250 |) 7.60 
ee) 6 
200 6 
000 29 
‘600 20 
400 10" oo 
260 7.60 (400 
260 7.00 400 > 
200. ery 300. 
3000 50 4000. 
2400 30 000 
1600 25 2000 
2400 6 2400 
1800 te 2400 | 
200 ‘80 n00 
000 20 12000 
400 10 oo 
400 10 600 
300 | 10 500 
4000 100 6000 
3000 30 4000 
2400 30 3000 
1200 30 | 1800.» 
2400, 60 . 3600 
‘Commissaire des guerres, ©. 2 1200, 30 1800. 
Adjoint aux Commissaires des guerres . | 800 20 200° 











4 The peosions vo widows, or annual volte 
satnare sdshepslonad ta leaplc aloes aavedag si beneraciae aie eibse 
- Approved. Cnanurs, the K. 
Seeratry at: War, Cowre ne Bovesex. 


oe 9 286 wry 


FAITE -RRITOR: OF THE UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL, 
ee in reply to General Bronnier. 
Oh Gen We Yoerraions upon the battles of Roripa and 


fot acta, the Clenerl aflirms, vat he with h only two 
‘companies, broke the 26th, I said a whole Cuitalionattacked that corps, 





to that conclusion ; but T cannot ‘on hearany to 

-€onteudict one who was an eye-witness, and it ip for the -of the 29th 
leny the General's statcment. Ap are deceitful, 
ly as to numbers in a sudden attack. Yet Colonel Way, who was one 


at jen. 
_ the Frwnch army previous to the actios Ne 0 seen 
midecscy eke sae oh ih oi ia at Un ae 


ation, of it 
Tharged stent avait mt dome ‘Now ‘te was neither an, 
ike a m a man just taken im an unsuccessful 




















Jaistaken Sis Harry Burrard for Sir Axthury oud again, it in Sir 
Walley Tpatook. eoran olbst ‘Fresh 9 sf pon er 
‘would. teconcile con antonio for ik was the Buke of 
imedlf who telated to me Se eonvezatio i 
" tage gt jivot oe SARE 
rr bs W. Naxusity Ligut-Col, 
ini 
jad Military Science. 


' To a remavk inserted in last month's number of the United 
© Sarvies Journal, yout ano s0 good as to expen n wish a bearing from te. 
his invitation you only mean to call for a rejot se 
ve eine eed Sister on 
in ie mn to have 

dot Abuars by G 


d en, Hou 1 alluded, a yas evident, 0 
venice by the reach ea jan i he inference drawn, from 

in other respects eo communder car aoe yi 
if, on the other hand, aoa aia tat that any farther coutsibations of 


* The prevent Colouel Sir GH. B. Way, Kt. and C.D.—En,, 





. 







Bak 
HE 


Dooks raed ‘and infant lations ; and the 
ry ery regs a habit 


‘necessary to its Acquirement engenders, as a matter of course, 
that naturally expands with the know! jired, and sia ‘by degrees, 
Talents ofthe individuayto all the ns 
the fatal facility of the elementary branches of the 1, has, 
‘unfortunate! mali wo hoc /. Because there is tittle that can be dis 
say ¢ ey Spe the dha Sb 88 


ia oe chia cone 

am more ly to 

Ko, who considering that een ee have only to execute the orders of theit oe 
“willingly throw upon ther of reflection, entrly forgtting whit 
Allert onaequences may rewult from the skilful and uot recat me 
orders. The capi Pret asuntee Shear tara 

Eos me for ot conduct; the manner them into ‘ufect mat ode 





most trying situa 
pare Vaneatonlag 1aLereey OE: 


ei ite what Ihave here stated, by two very striking examples 5 

pointed out to paeieennaee ete 

le th en wor still abel from having & just view of thatmast 

diffieult p and to whit consequences his error led, so 1 now beg to 

out to you, the wenices tHrit have resulted from Hee eee 
whose subordinater ank and situation make them finey 08 





Hut 
ii 
Hal 
H 
3 


i otallyinoapabe of ating fo 


at 


eeite 
Hag 
Fe i 
ath 
ig 
I 
3 
iH 
i 
i 





riche.” 
© Having, as in daty bound, given enprains the preference, T now come to the 
-subalterns. is 


‘When, after the extastrop! the 
‘winter of 1805, the remains of the Austrian army crossed 0 the left bank of the 
Dame in order so jin the Russians, who were advancing in the direction of 






‘The only bridge having been mined, was left i charge of x subaltern’s 
‘and the officer directed to fie the tain, and to withdraw as soon as the 
‘enemy should approach. Nothing certainly could be easier, and yet the un 


yen this 


i 


imple duty devolved was unequal to ite execuddon. 
Wot oe cjokl deed uf i rt Soe Kap Me 
li wil it firinys we trans ve Uy ie je wo ‘eueny. 

5 as, Cathey erg caablal 19 ervey the titer Sad trace 


to meet them ; 
known. In 1009, the Danie neal ‘the French for six 


fate of the campaign ; for not only were numerous armies advancing on 


aT 

at 
a 
: 


inn 
| 
i 
3 
: 


iff 
itl 
H 
a= 
ef 


it, ax 4 Roman would have 
arte ‘of the conquerors, stole 


“To make any rofleotions on exampl 
Beeuld fend to tesections «sor itis bat poor evasion of tho eatjoot wo say, thet 
are Hotagaia Likely to rveur : what has happened once may 
nd all who may be placed im siraiar situations should be for 
| Bal leaving these coustderat 





‘be the conduct of officers both in pease and. wae 
‘was the conduct ee ec he ‘at the head of their m: Caio 
threw all the enemies that erer dared to face therm,” Se: &e. 
over as almost a matter of course; and in addressing myself to British 
Afficers, who have that quality, T might do the same, were it not that too many 
‘of them look upon it as covering more sins than it really does; forgetting also, 
that thera Ia a mio diftmpncs between the more 'cotetitmosal courage that 
brings even the private soldier tothe charge wt the beck of his superior, and the 
Bohr pei of rsa led Oa sin” bene cl 
to ordinary men 10 jcance, and the very aj 
Pbhich in. the,front-of batde is, **worth a thousind men.” ‘hore 


who knew the British army duri Cae tsi ent Se aad 2 









robes 
Wie 


catetae re 
they, “tip us a save aT will bor” 








© 1 Our ship was on the coast of Frauee,, 
. | Awd war was ber imply 5 
‘opscls with trcullard Ag, 
sea en 'o take, burn, or distroy ....." ue te an 
Ob -sink your stip,” roars dey; give ux summmut about lover! Why? 
I,“ how can ship & love be seperated ? dou't we all stick to our barkit 
‘llified, dont. they. all gut. shore-hits atwixt- wind S 
thinks we shudot marry, acos.we re sever 











* Terenhorst. 1 quote fioai rebollection, but thé words oF 
easily forgotten: 
















T the ‘ter dune into 
sung: wm ditty us Tirote "bout being a love — . 


| # Some at the Block S Quadrant takes elite, 
nt cack ons die blow 


Bante 
ee te Raa eae oe 7 


| Le! while -measmates take th’ inspiring draft, “ * 2 
Brieeocoen citrate “ 
a, chet my morons, ia at T qual 
L need n't swig cnuil to swamp 4 oashun, 
ar eT es rp hcp ~ i 
. ig elle Huan ob inne gab 
cigs = nenpeeetin pera 
=) Sia in my ears ty wee Uke ban’ wise, 
an Acimnical’s ix thy . ‘ , 
Pray le Pienmanacrnres : ’ 
And cold’ Sexbeveh seceby nesth-aust above. 
with a little book in his 
i aks 





Just at! this ti 


ovat mee 










ler fe dubs his Rooieeet, © Life on board & 
* If such are the Tothaura bab pbits, there, Sam, I can never respect 
n, ns I have done.” 

‘we was! taken slap: bcm ply pope) 


Go the Squire was in s burning rage til at Itt Crosagrain swore be would 
san the w it warn't a longus. “Tm for you when the ship's 
er Late bear what the aha! ete sont 1 likes life ine 








some more 
done & stow gnay, for the v vist that's stuok in the lesiy acrid 


‘we WAS the Squire says, Why, Sam,” 
‘a int lam smb he arn crs Wir eee 
the sodgers & sailors have = muscehum 10 stow 


' 


‘clea lo of i the table, Cromprain reads the little 
fot Ein he Gate Pekar ave this back ep, when & 


very, page 
tole reglar log. * Heit Ukely,” says 1, “aaa 
snl eb tha face a8 mee ropewalk, should be vindunt arthient: 
he was afloat, & in a craft where he was a hutier 
ca ee ‘Cpa a Ganesecr ay kege'sal, 
without ntew! ve ary sai 
ton pegetne: ‘bow ;" nor have mnde out, thro the gloome, epost 
starbonrd tack! And then again, this Sohany Kaw swears he went 
Sif ta tie gas to, Looe m topsall wit tacartite Two: mon were caked olf 
the weather fore-yard-arm !" “Well, Sir, there 's no evidense to the contrary,” 
‘yp the lawyer's mie; You be dd” tay 1. 
“Te struck me,” observes the Squire, * as the preraeren pee 
suet ruber of «fare than a ahip;& Twas surat curried at sein sated 
tha Yer? Bul cies Ghost othe 
in the year,” ," cries i, 
te ie where the wat tad 









‘the plank story ; nor the 
ioe veces 
‘sa fact,” in, “i 

kif rie stranger still.”— Then you think it a ares. 
innit aay the ‘Squire ;—‘Just 30,” says [—! That's libellous whe~ 
pores aq ver. “Shut your meddlin potaty-tep,"" 
mylyn il» Saami 

Wall thon, omer be beaiea, aby Deh ites et et et i 
ry Se ot-rongs ; ‘& of a badventar hich hin 
sae act in every way. T noes Malta ne bist inh 
inks I now feels its roma aw limet 


Tie acca 
to Hon vecng's te tr ip 
gh Port Bomb, where ce 


es into town for others. "And L have soon, 


sey at ss taney 
a laying out their ked; then bonne Sn ‘on suppersad, or holony 
+» & fowls biled with tarks, & ther pot companions. They 
says the powltry is fationed by nae ere Dinas 
henquired the trooth, 


CORRUSPON DENCE. 229 


all the Englishmen sways away, 
if wives ss go eke ate 


SA Peie Cit takes Were y teats occas 

ee ys learng aay or x ahve he wos oly 
-, whot was hail-fellow with every one, nite ed 

mors aoboey. cued for tor, a 





ree gerd ena yon ahout the little book, the Squire told 
‘ime the usual way of eummencin was by saing summut about the head é& the 
bout of man, to whom ‘Tom f »per was a fool Fan i No ars 
of his cubis 


‘that fishun may do for a buicher, or a surjon, but E'll blow in heay 
aes clan to sarin So, Honner'd Sir, ples © band bleh ont, baahiek sind 
‘Your lurabel Sarvent, 


Siitiae Sit tan, Dec: 2th, 1080 “Sou Sr. 


Colonel Evans and India. 
Mn. Eorron,—I have not yet seen Colonel Evans's work, but I read the 
ont in the United Serves Jouraal, with « strong consiing con- 


ie Yery correct view whi 
ebingae, ine Govenioy of Dow tite ‘Ambusidor or Envoy 
5 wi 











ls re aed sorng deus are given erthe distracted 
ar Gatcomet ti present, Lg of which, Saja ul aes in still 
tee with our Himanca'G by whom, [ believe, ho ia sup; nd, at is, 
a ae eae maintenance, having becn’ driven from his ini te latilsa 





as ‘statos in the Punjaub, a country of the Five Rivers, betwee a8 al 
and moraover meddles iu the affairs of Cabul, having taken the op= 
_of their internal feuds to do so, He Tately sont an embassy or 
of some sort to St. Petersburgh, and has’ Russian, French, &e, 
in Nis servico for improving his troops, ‘The British ministry might at- 
pane Inc's creaky with im, baving fore obec he Pebostoament of 
the King of Cabul ; but if Runjelt Singh de- 
Beer bs Gl Marios elute svar buted ee es acral 
[ He wBlch would be Jone witbout any Interference With Bis Sales, po- 
aN Sppeniloo, secret ot avowed, a offered o we menses deemed no- 
‘strengthen the natural an¢ ‘our possessions 
oti. Most likely we should have BS tore 
Sa ea chiefiain ; but that shoald not pot uae Ce pee He is 
Jn avaly, ut by azme and by polideal management in holding out 
Ip, dhe dierent chlals, they would. be sande to co-operate er be 


Indus i Js doubuless the proper frontier or burrer of the empire of India 

i 0 jovernment should lose no time in saying 
ee across that river from the westward, by ré-establish- 
‘Cabal, and supporting by all requisite means kit authority 
men ry Contant wp “hat coun 5 which has of of lta ears 
picees by internal di aie ped ‘the banks of the Tidus: 
ur sf or eoblund, Tt 


hoatilities,. 
sjet Sgt the ie Seikh chitin, tntepont, by his authority aver 













water 
carro- 
n3,—Are 


Je Tange 
weat Tamed aid oot of bath aalocls,roshng lace te 
forced der Was Weck an er tab a 


ig 

a resisting power to the impetus of : 

tibia iy ‘bey and. iy lope sr 

bee ay ‘the sir is compressed in. Sl ow we bn 
esen Sracdeched vinta a ia wth aa 

‘houses, resembling an’ that purpose 2” ete 


‘Sone te alae never Sarai? Pa ea im the My 

iis name pistols, blue lights, rockets, &c. in theeabin 5 desert 

Of sefinement bes sepollad thera + the saaichos on either quurier with which they. 
ly en rae aed oa eg ire 


a 


pa on (eg iis es ita so. wwonk nse 
eee it the two afler-carronades on, srtich, with the two tones 
peor Enon strenuous 
tiller and its ropes, it is impossible to work stern chusars. y 
‘nat the boat be dropped to within eighteen inches of the of 
Fe ee a ae Feeney he room for a 10 


eee ‘a grating: 

‘Could not the pinnaces for this class'of vessel eakty choiz breath af, so i ta 
‘enable them better to carry an anchor out? ere; 
Pda advantages derived from keeplog the carronndes athwart, the: 


pediment to Has them, and iting bolts are wi 
when chasing in heavy. ae re shall conclude with a ‘ey Stinrelies relar 
dive to the yesset fe which T served. She was one ofthe largest, measuring $99 


tons; we had on board forty-five tons of iron tater two chain cables, three of 


& 
i 
Hl 





Lee Seen 





sa, the were built for tho men. T bave invari 
fates ean ae el 

and with it the rain, beat Tent ender Ge foes" Novete fosr th ‘can be placed 

‘outhis deck in action ; and what is worse it is a good landing for the enemy's boarders, 


CORRRSPONDENCE. 23k 
duit. Therake of tho musts isof great consequence ; the 
main.mast uarfor- 


dean a 
Tam, Sir, your lent » 





‘Tam convineed,) that appears in the “Annals of the Peninsular 


seasons ot Of tat dy ae given in fhe workin question ate the ftlewing 

rt P+ 200: ‘Two brigades of horse artillery were thon inoved fore 
“ath id ths \pported, the contre So 

bas ina aren in same volu “ the attaek on 





author of tho Annale turned to the gazete of that ee have seen that 
of here consisied of Capt. Dubsurdien’s brigade of mine 


“the 
"1 the whole of the day, was most fudlelousl bine hs 
yak Wan ell verre the palo Fi “4 
whole army as particularly indebted to that corps.” 











nadey ecru T remain, &o. 
is: ” iD, 
o the shets above stated, as well ns to: the rand promise of the 
‘Duboundien, who fell on the ocoasion alladed to, we bear willing 
pa 
- Late Occultations of Stars. 
Mx, Bor of the ineroaxing taterest with which the ob- 
servation of ia ‘tars, by the mabon, are regarded, I send 
ight‘ question pa by te Astronomia Secety, tt the 
‘aon why tey sould be projected ‘on the Junar dive, has been the means of 






j, While at the same ti 
will be ialbakattel| and many date afforded 
of the earth. ‘The projection on the disc is now undeni« 





CORRESPONDENCE. 


232 
therfore, 4 are ia. postadon of telescopes, bal beter 
Zhend to the poin, for fis sul involved iv considerable mystery. 


‘Tuesday, January 5th, 1090. 


‘was a sinall star ofabout the eighth oui eappeated bis, ye aa ‘seemed! 


Aldebaran. Immersion at 0 ours, 4} xtaates, 5318 seconds, ‘The objevts, 
‘were clear and well aa, though much difficulty was experienced in keeping 
the telescope free from ice. The ished very and at the to- 








ti Cpe ALLL hours, 31. mir 
om of es eee 


Crescent, Bedford, Jan, 6th, 1630, MYTH 


Royal Marine As Artillery. 
‘Mu, Eorron,—Fecling confident that it fs your intention to be correct fn all 
‘matter you present to the refers in the United Service Journal, I am induced 
juest your attention to an article in your November Number, puye 548. 
“The miost satisfactory ae &e, &e! 


of th 
Mirah Arcllery, 1 know they are not desiroas of patog od moll dislike 
being puffed (a aynem creping into the Service Intely ‘and much to be mgreted), 
but still their merits, whatever may yogi ot oe ge oo 

T romain, Sir, with tho bost wis er the prosperity of United Service 
Journal, ‘Your most obedient servant, PP. 


Decembor 27th, 1899. 


233 


THE EDITOR'S PORTFOLIO. 


Biswazx’s Tactics axp Mawcovers or Cavatry.—A Second Edition of 
Major Beamish’s able translation of Count Von Bismark’s Lectures on Cavatry 
Tacrics, with the Evewents or Mawcuvnes by the latter officer, has just been 
published. In addition to his copious and valuable notes to the work, some far 

obsetvations on the much-discussed movement by Threes have been prefixed 
to the new edition by the Translator, who has already enumerated the principal ob- 
Jections to the’ employment of this operation in cavalry manuvres. Our readers 
of that arin need scarcely be told, that one of the new features of Bismark’s Sys- 
tem is the wheeling by sub-divisions in lieu of the old method by threes. We 
Propose resuming this subject, as connected with the revised regulations, now under 

iment, of our own service. 

ITERARY AND Historicat Socrery of Quenec.—We have been favoured with 
proof copy of the First Volume of Selections from the Transactions of the Lrre- 
Rany anv Hrsronicat Soctery oF Quxsec. This Institution, which owes ita 
origin to the enlightened views and liberality of the Earl of Dalhousie, late Go- 
yernor-General of British North America, was founded in January 1824, and 
united, in June 1829, with the Soctery For Tar ENCOURAGEMENT OF ARTS AND 
Scrences 1m Canapa. ‘The Volume under notice is the first attempt to record 
the results of the Society’s labours, and, at this early stage of its establishment, offers 
a miscellany of much promise, both as regards its peculiar and general objects;— 
the one being connected with researches in the Geology, Mineralogy, Geography, 
and Natural History of our vast Colonies in North America; the latter having in 
view the advancement of Literature in those rising countries. Amongst the papers, 
‘we observe an elaborate article on the Geology of Lake Superior, by Commiander 
H. W. Bayfield, R.N. who, we understand, is one of the most active members of 
the Society. We have also noticed a Journal by Lieut. Baddeley, containing de- 
tailed observations on the Geognosy of a part of the Saguenay country,—Notices 
Dy Major Mercer, R.A. &e, Illustrations of the Geological formations and other 
objects, are appended. It is highly creditable to the officers of the United Service, 
to find’ them every where forward in promoting the objects of science and the 

uublic good. 
Penge History or Manrriwe ano Intaxo Discoveny.—The Cabinet Cy- 
clopedia maintains its promise. Under favour of its learned Editor, we must, 
however, beg leave to question the course of ‘ most admired disorder” in which 
the works comprised in the Cabinet are destined to appear. For the regu'ar, 
rather than the interrupted, succession of the volumes treating of the same subject, 
the “Ayes,” we are persuaded, would preponderate, if put to the public vote. 
Yet, though the thread of Sir Walter's Scottish History be broken to our hope in 
the present instance, we readily yield our due commendation to the merits of “ Ma- 
ritime and Inland Discovery,” the first volume of which has appeared. Com- 
sing into a small compass the most celebrated, rare, or curious accounts of 
Fravel and Discovery from the earliest down to" the middle ages, this volume is 
undoubtedly rich in geographical as well as general information, and the work pro- 
mises to be especially interesting and valuable to our professional readers. 

Tur Punsvit or Kvowxepor unper Dirrtcutriss.—Although, generally 
speaking, we think that the march of education, and cheap, if not “useful,” know- 
ledge has been pushed to the verge of extravagance and counter-utility, we freely 
admit the plain and practical usefulness of the little volume under the above title. 
‘As an incentive to honest industry, rational improvement, and legitimate ambition, 
its principle is unexceptionable, though the selection of biographical illustrations is 
scarcely so judicious as might have been expected from the wide field presented. 
‘The scientific details in Franklin's Life strike us as being superfluously minute, as 
well as less clearly and familiarly shown than suits the object of the “ Library’ of 
Entertaining Knowledge.” 

U.S. Journ. No. 14. Fen. 1830. . 








EDITOR'S PORTFOLIO, 


Eegage & 

lit 
ES 
A 
i 
5 
i 
45 

alt 
Hi 
iF 
u 
Ey 


i 

= 
i 
i 
=] 
Ee 

= in 
fr 
a 
E 
B 
iy 


gts 
i 
age 
aE 
: 
4 
fe 

i 

H 

BE 


: 
a 


5. 
i 
; 
: 
z 
i 
3 
it 
A 
: 


1 Sa—The phosphorescent-like lights observed it. 
ie Api ne na 
Fthe ocean; wal this F ean assert without 


i 
i 
45 


iH 
iG 
ib 
e 
ie 
if 
; 
IB 
a 
aa 


i 


sea, colour of the water in the sea 





and. Jerry, 
commanded by Lieut. ——, IL. sailed from Liverpool on 20th Dee. 1897, and 
esperanctd continued gales fom the W. and S.W antl the 284 Jan. 1898, mon. 
@ calm ; this, however, was of short duration, the wind 
the mest, eontivulng ia blow Lard until the 26th, when i sited tothe NB. and 
On the Sih of 





hours; and thirty miles in tweoty-four hours the to anceeeding days, 
MAe.aa | in trent hase dager tie comes wat cue ootethann eae 
difference in the observed latitudes and those unt, The Per aed 


i ‘y-foar hours, the 
iva miles to the castward. From 44* 52’ to 43" 44’, thirty miles in the 








in passing 





which to know when oné ia in it; and besides the gulf weed with which 
itis |, L find that it is always warmer than the sea on each side of it, and that 
{it does not sparkie in the night.” 


ve 


EDITOR'S PO} 


RTFOLIO. 


miles. ‘This surface current of the érades, depends on the strength of tho wind ; 
1019, during n'vayage to Suzan, we fucd vhe krersge tight oiles a day ie” 
‘Fucos ov tux Mexicas Sxa, &e.—The Fucus Nusans, val  geliconeed* 
found in the Mexican sea in April, was in flower, and completly covered with 
You Herices. The elobular frulvtke, ay ‘ppt t9 Be ated 

inture as floats to sustain the plant upon the surface, as they are hollow and fi 

With it and have connecting tubes. Ta ituiles 25° to 26" in thin seu, we 
mot with tie fucur in parallel lines S$.8.B, and N.N\W. It flowers like the fern 
and other ‘on the leaves. In calms, floats near the surface, 
some of the appearing water ; that which we examined in the water 
of the Florida stream, was old and covered with bernicles, in n much 
rate digo thas any we had before seen from which wo may inf that it does 
not originate here, as Supposed by wine a Z have some doubts about its 
being produced upon the turfice of the water, as 1 have seen anany piccos, some 
OF Ory ef large vee, coming up ftom the d nt 


iene ‘this ean it, unless all 


jeep; I ‘therefore, at the jou 
at aay at ie a histone 


the waves, could not, T’conesive, vk them below & 


few feet from the surface; and T am sure, I have watched ‘pioces ascend to the 
furfie from a deg of two and thre, felis doing eal, and in ght winds 
and then float ; which they could not do if the air bladders were destroyed. 

opinion that they grow on the rocks ate boom oth cca, and at by one 


the pieces ij 
Beets ea'd sere oploa, T 


‘its generating on the surface of the eee analogous circumstunce res} 


wland vegetable bas come under = ol 


Seeece nn, hd ited in air, and lives independent of, or without connection 


rock, and the plant immediately 


stem Becomes 

the aid ofits ils, dn, ‘by Nature for this purpose : 1 have. 
able to Toots, of pieces of some adhering tothe plant but all 
peat atte casualty of the ‘majn stem to have been broken short ot 





do not mean to deny the poss! 





ation: Tean tho “ Love Bush’ 


elout, a rows on apchy bush witout rot le branch, 


Sermon rng iis curious plant hms some resem! loneetocoursethreads of mwailk, 
low: 


frit or seed Tt may bo propayited hy enzeful ly taki 


febarbens ere mest throwing them upon Bitlis aes ort of bush, 1 
shit Ihave f i the young negrets Have a kindof speraitioas fing 
Plant, which they concelve has the power by its life or death, 


paring te ‘two them whether a fancied swain entertains a reciprocal affection for 
‘The northern limit of the fucas natans ix marked in the chart at 


‘Jar on the east side of the Atlantic; but 


.ieut. Mallard, 1. N. met with com 


Pr this weed, as faras the eye could reach, in Intitude 39” Jor N. and lon 


hot on a rel 


turn voyage from the Pacific, ‘Ona 
latitude 43» 1” N, and Tou 


eee of flucus was see it 
ae Par the Oe Ties O88.” Ts tne Cartan ace, 6 she eonleot 
“Doiningo or ays, we met with a different cies of facay in seh Me 


of alr ‘it was handsos 
aie tert do et atin daabet 


fas eae eal eusk Henge than he ens nate 


= ee and ee 


bo 


it 
it the sea-weed extends, like other 


1d not transvorsély, to the set of a current ; 
Ys “ 


= te chanel her she eee eo tee Gite ne 


(green j in nome instances to 


pm pom ‘ 
SEES loudly weather, and hase, ‘These changes were so 


ie 


ual suegeh 
i 


33 Pa23 


Hil 


u 
Tu 


aie 


Tee 


HEU 
He 

if 
EI Hil 


23%, 


ie 


i 


ate 


Sid visas 

deine i i 
aS nit iy iH 
ne ee 


| al 


Hitt 


i 


nul 


& izes 


te 





ape 


EDITOR'S PORTFOLIO. 239 


ye water | to with alow steam, 

ped rea hour ete ey eene 9 
aa sixty ‘of line, no bottom ; ‘ja quantity of fucus in line north 
south; cold sensibly increasing, At two via, the temperature of the water 
had fallen to 58°; altered the course from east to E.N.E. (until eight vat.) in 
Lopes of suiking soundings. At four vist. foggy ; the air 54°, (fallen sixteen de- 
since noon,) and the water 62°. (fallen ten degrees.) At eight rar. the air 

and the water 56 irteen degrees since noon,) no soundings with seven 
a ‘of ling, At midnight, air 84°, water 60°. "AL ewe ast, (24 Jane) the air 


At 
j and at eight A.as, the air was at 64° and the water 62°. de- 
tobe drawn from these obsorvations are, that Sern appears ts ba deap 





it 





£ 
: 
E 
H 
i 
3 


a diminution in the atmosphere and water, that the captain considered it as cer 
nin that ice of some description was near, but hid from view by the fog, im which 
T fully concurred. [twill be seen that the temperature of both the air and 
‘water, ‘Tose as we advanced to the eastward ; and at eight the next morn~ 
‘te sea ‘the sume 


the southern extrem 
‘been on the bank, it is probable that the difference would have amounted to twenty 
as has been experienced ; with us it only amounted to fourteen degrees; 
of temperature between the deep sw the sir and dha water over 


has attributed to the eaciet be pervert fe de 5 oe BPS 
soundings in the ol @ temperature ¢ ae 

“from 60" 96% (om the ‘sth to the 204 June,) and that ofthe Water, 
59". On tho 20th, it was 62"; on the 21st, 59°; and on the 2d, 
‘truck soundings in seventy-five Sithoms, it was also 59%, baing a fall of 


lour of the water on the extreme of the Bank ‘no indication of approach: 
aoe gave ia eee 


‘of the deep sea south of the Bank, and the water over the Bank itself, 
to 







eluci~ 


thousand miles, as to create a difference of fourteen or twenty degre 
Bie gad ta voter ces oa Dash. Tata hind sf 90; wack ts caret 
h i ity-four hours, the itare of the 
find that of he a 78%; on te Ast of Sune the day 





means of hydrogen gas and oil, to indicate tho cha: 
eee. th extreoalp mative, WT tony yas tin erprtacion, 





Hl 
aed 
: 
I 
cs 
# 
i 
i 
# 


3 
pipet lea nhg we sapetiancel the sudden ehange of the air and water om 
of that ci Nd bus ine 

tie ht esotag caer ees oricn rooms 


Au 
ihe 
i 

i 


For several 
lands, (which was on the 27th Feb.) the temperature of the 


iH 
g 
i 





‘water had heen uniformly at 77%, being from.one to three warmer than the 
atmosphere; the day, howover, we arrived within the isiands, the ‘of 
the water, instead of falling, rose one degree, that is, to. 78, whilst the air was 
76° and 77%. There are soundings off Nevis aap ener 
may be observed, that many of the islands here, such as Gund: jevis, St. 
Christopher, &c. are volemic lands, which may probably account for the rise of 
ape eeepecaiae ts tek Wales se Dare ar npenicipecle jaye od 
‘on some banks, a contrary effect, as in ineseut case to that usually ex~ 

teas |. From the and. Cayinan Toes to Se mtrard ‘of Jamaica, to the 

1, or Campeche the temperature of the water was 79% the air varying: 


77" to 80". Onastriking soundings in tw sven fathoms, the 
to 703°; the next deg in tistogn ad twenty-Bve fthorna, i fall 
ur quitting the Bank, it saa Fl It may be proper to remark 


of 

Te Ha foe re gaecpesin Tet Ay a Paaarlany as eae 

He dogo alt, in the water but at Vora Crux, during a severe 

north, of the air fell, in seven hours, tend that ig, from 

70° to 60°. The fall of tho thermometer on the Campeohé Bank, iv the Gratin 

that unloys strict attention had been paid, the eircum@tanes 

might have ‘escaped notice, On reaching and sounding in forty on the 

Dry Tortugas Rank, the 20th April, the air was 73¢and_ the water 74°. day 

belore, it was the same, (we were then on the outer edge ofthe bank); on the 

‘8th, the water was at 72"; on the 171 and 16th it was at 77% and had ‘not been 
than 76° since leaving Vera Cruz, so that there was 9 fall of three 

" eG of lis filling 2a 72° on the 18th) above bowels we Beit 
ta 10 72" on the 18th) above noted ; we may, 

Ra eo BE 20 Cea aa) abescua one ae 

sion a fall in the tem ire, the here being imperfectly known, and @rra~ 

neously laid down, When we got into Florida steam, the thermometer | 

the water rese one d ant feo 40, a. aR. a: ea 


j 
H 
i 





exact 
ediamen, and other vessels from America; and it is 

‘that some of the any mig sips bar theron ermild this ag On 

‘22d Aug. 1997, the brig Joseph Home, of Greenock, Rattray, Master, on her pas 


/ eDLTOR'S PORTFOLIO. m1 
i, and 





, =: but he 
ih at fl cl igs mc ne nh Po 


{Channa Idea my duty to gre i publiys in hopes that it wl 
ratans of saving many ral ouch property. of our vex. 
sels from J: vom: are 5?deabay htt ane ‘tan 


Gives, whoo. thin tank may havo comed the loss of sively as {€ lies with oot- 
ret cteal premio eonivaitutea.". Bayints the Hoey, Comite; Accra; ead ete 


_ Tue Devie's Rock 1x tux Nowrn Attawric, 1829—Capt. Swainson, of 
the St: George, of Liverpool, has furnished some ifermatin respecting the ‘Do- 





two 
Gdlasmacaro: fon cova melee cages otistiaee a Teac 
4° 18 W. [have not the least doubt of my longitude being correct, as 
i have alsvays proved 





; lia errations 
43°F W. which is w difference of 7' in the latitade, und 13" in the 
sgivee. by Copt, Swainson, whose observations, however, are more to be 
tried corrvctnon of his 
‘S. Amads who was 












thought the position given of it should approximate to the trath! A 


have eluded the notice of the mariners during that length of time, how dif- 
a exactly upon the site of a mere speck in the midst of tho 
‘of tao or three miles from the troe position, would, perhaps, prevent thy 








‘Thote has also lately been discovered a shoal near the Azores, and one South of Ber 
+ esseasetl, 
‘tant to look for the former ; we hope the results will be road 
at the Hydrographic Office, ax all other i 
Deeg: An anne work oo this objet, amanatng from that Office, would realy be x 


‘and inspire the mautical world with hope. that the store of useful information now 
‘aray cn te abslves aul in the drawers of the Adiiralty woul wot be leat to 








wml of Bie te 
Bore ou na Noni, Ariaxcic:—Ta ip Tinea t,he veya 


. P.M. the 
-beam, distant about three ships’ s- ‘The vessel was at this tine go 


: 


a 
4 
iit 
a 
& 
383 
auf 
jae 
igslat: 
7 
el 
ft 
2 
a 
3 
#7 


= swell rose, it was a sorered, but at hd ae 
wens 


a 


Seon a "io" W._ The account is signed by R, Woodal, 
F. E. Chalmers, Mate; and by Messrs. W. Meach, G. Rendell, M. Elkin 

—The Position of this rock is 320 miles north of the Island of St. Mi 
chael of the Azores. There are rocks marked on the charts to the S.12, and to 
NNW. of it, The wherein this rock was seen, is decidedly voleanic, and it 
Hgyuot atall improbable, that the rock taay submerge in the event of 
‘well-attested authority above would be questioned; and there are some 
formed people 50 incredulous in these matters, that perhaps nothing short of ocular 
to" tn ma an hn Hirer cnameasionts satisfy them, I have: 


2 
ser 


Es 


Tn Prepares Segal oe ls A ntan ‘altribute 
appearances to acoles of fish, currents, dead whales, &e. » fee. peta 
font at the aval and departure” of the short‘lived Island of Sabrina, Wien 
such 4 demonstrable fact would have informed them of the possibility ae Wes 
aed tooks tsng oot of the boscm of the deep ee day, and’ dleappecring the 


pens Riper or Barixens.—The Canton bee states that Capt. 
Ptnger te Wf tm, hare Fy cd qiteas 


‘Dreakers, bearing 8. 58° E. Py ee tore Donkin’s 
eee ich stands over the town of Port St. in ‘Agen y, south 
const of Altes, distant tout seven ore ight leagues iis direeiy in the Way of 
‘all homewsrd-bound Indiamen making the land hecwibouts ; its existence, there 

cannot be too soon made public. 

AVERPOOL TeLeonaru.—The Telegraph station at Li communicated, 
in Sepuomber 1629) with iat at Holyhend,, distant 156 tailes, and. tecelved an 
‘answer in 35 seconde, the shortest iia which it as ever been don. 

‘Onsenyatonr ar St. ‘An Observatory tas Intely beet established 
at the Toland of St. Ucar, Ie Feu situation leads us to believe that 

it may bo eminently conducive to of Astronom: 

Gaeats tw Tue. Avsrzalasiay avo Trotan Stas—the ship’ Marquis of 

zbosod bom day, Nor Sih Wale to Clot, tued a 


(8275 and ote on’ Sat of Sune Cn he of 
Bia tot Jas ‘aie » She got Unitrin igen 


as pote |. 3. Herald, made 
rindward pasyage of the Bahamas, to soundiogy yaa ie Engh titan 








EDITOR'S PORTFOLIO. 243 


M.S. Barham, 82, Vatee, sailed from Iermada on 1st Dee. 1628, nnd 
arrived at Nassau, New Providence, on the 5th, having run the distance between 


200 miles a day. 
xpann Pnovonrioxs ov Fonxiox Awrtuiexy—In Germany, as well as 
and Norway, the ancieat Nuremberg standard was formerly employed for 
renee measures required iu the arsenals: to this st w old mili~ 
tary usually referred ; it ee | to it do equivalent to the 
Nuremberg: irnberger Stadtsch jual exactly to 10°5323 English 
ined the shot was San eighth Teas than it ought to have been, accord= 
ter of the bore of the piece. Such, at least, isthe opiion express 





Is, a standard was em~- 
though it differed ftom it a 
eee alice shot weighicg 94 pends; or « Lia balls eg 
six inches in dinmeter ; and the following table exhibits the di 

‘of the guns, and the diameters of the shot in various European 


Since 


rat 
i 
27 
i 

4 

e 

t 

r] 

iy 


if Ee 
FE 
ny i 


i 
f 


ane ging ani] 

















ahi 
i 
2293 
i 

u 

a 

ii 


Hii 


H 
+ F000 The i 
eet hes Dnyaluad four bs equal to 120 
imation or Pown1s.—Capt, Suensen, of the 
theory of the inflazumation of gunpowder, of 
hor i ving been au fo a Longtime 
hy le bus been: held responsible for it ued the ot 
‘ou the Continent the following is thi 
inflamed successively, but in 30 short x time, 


nll 
Hi 


eb 


244 GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, Ke. 
with an ordinary charge, most ofthe grains of powder are inflamed 


before 
« lot makes any sensible movement; the com -cornbustion of the grains requires, 
oa 5a ipa ted ne 


GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &c. 
TO THK ARMY. 





inorder to provent misconception, to 
artoalaras tbe eccatlons om which the ofS 






‘The blue groat coat 
due pr ne 
Hons ofbansces, hespltabs, and aricles of 


a 
duty, the great coat must be worn with the 
‘Diack waist-belt over it, eed the sword, but 
without the sash, 

“Pho red conttee will be worn on all pr 
ales with of without sts; Wt living ete 
‘vice, on guards and pickots, public fcld days, 

moral inxpections, funeral partis yneral,, 
Ale atingen op rele] 
Courts of Inquiry, 

Lipow thess occasions the red coattee, and 
white cross belt, with the sash, to be always 


centaiht Military Boards, 21, fore. the “Ganeral 
gauiens. 


it Hie Royal Warrant, ‘octing dul Lath Nod, 
r l 
rise coral afarations 








1829, to a 
mode of 
demo it 





Command 
icone tho folowing Orders te the Asay ta 





wnmissioned officers or private 
soldiers are not to be dischas without the: 
tuibority of tbe, General Centon 





Chief sanifod through tho Adj " 
ral 

. Previ 

3 Be site athe aE 





officer 
of 


case to 


E 


i 
a 


iM 





Hl 


to 
nora), cali all the prescribed do- 
cuments, 


‘the 
the commanding officer, is i 
tre cue wana, ee vith a 
we uf the proceedings of the Bond, to 


in use 
of men, 





and it ned 
eee ofcat frill discharge ‘hin duty. 
with he wlient alacrity, and in the 





246 MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


‘hito consistent with a doe regard to the wel ‘She General Commanding-in-chief thinks: 
fa of tha serves af lingn; fad the pertien- Itunotoomary fnher t enlarge 


the present 
maces and situation of the corps, orders, as the instructions issued 
applications axe made : and 





ip 





seheeie at the termination discipline ania, - 
if ot de Gener Brie Seeemeaient | "Sy rsament = Right Honourable 


ia-Chief, 
Ser ie. ime ‘any applications H, Terv01 Adjt-Go. 
wrhich may bo addressod to head- For conditions ‘discharges 
quarters. say be cttsined, see page 112, Na. 12. 


CHANGES IN THE STATIONS OF CORPS 
SINCE OUR Last. 





from . to. Chatham, for India. 
fom «Gibraltar to + Malta. 
from. Bermuda (on arrival) to» Corky 

O5th Foot. . from . Malta . . ~~. . t . Corfu 


‘The Depot of the 90th is about to bo withdrawn from the Trish establishments 








MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


ARRIVALS AND SATLINGS. (28) Capt. Lord Colchester, for the South Amerie 
wrawouTa.-Arrived H. M. cnn Station, Arrived H. M,C, Bylviy ent, 
te 


MM, enews. —Arrived JL Mt. ‘Bagiliste, 
‘Lieut. It. 15. James, for the West Indies, and H, Lieut. 3. Watts. Me 
‘Oposram, 37, Pontswourm—Arrived If, M. Os Sulpey: 
Ea darred53.  Aradne,“Parwevrnss> Amira. OF dean 
f PuYMoort—. ME 8 Avie, Phenom 
Marrgnt Lent. Hane! e 









my 
Sa PLYWOCrN—aiol HM. Tapsgle, 
_—_ (18) Com, Re Eiiott, 
30. “Porresovr—Amied Hl. M,C. High 
= yet Belen the Transport, 
ngogrn atl U. M.8. Dyade, ) ees Me Be yey (08) Come 
Gom. B.D. Hi 1 doalod bara eon tes 
3 Baeaeratnivat ‘He Me Py Marlborough, ey 
Ball 40, Ponrswourrst, — Balled He Me Oy , 
‘23. Phrmouri—Arrived H. M. 8. Raplesle, Ueut. Purecll, oy 





(29), Het fn te Wat ain lid al, Pours 
Bramble, Liew, ievwell 


HM, 
Capt B Marryatt, 
‘vonne, to rete 
VontexauTao—It. M.S, Alacrity, (10) Com, 
Je Ninny taken Kato barboar tw pay offs 
a Fornsoura— it 3. PR Galaten, (42) 


rie Aerived He Me 
ae a al oct 





‘ken {nto harbour Le 
25, Vaxmowrncballed At. Ms Ps Maro: Bramble, Liew. fe 
romgh, 3, Boll, for Lishon, 2 Peewocrat—Balled Ms M$ Brivorarty: 


20." FoutamoctiSalled Mf. M. 8. Volage, (10) Com. Job 


MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. aT 

v = Ansved 
Bins Braet Re 
splember, Baia 08 W5th Septem 


Bio on 27th October. 
Sailed HM. C. Rasilisl, Loot. 





‘of 10265 and wae 
‘cede in that command by V\ the Hon 
Bir HL. Mackwood, Barts KCB. Adontral Gage 

pro 


‘His Majesty's Sloop Alacsity, Commander 
Nias, wae paid oft at Portmouth on the 6h Jam. 
yearn ow 





Arrived He My Bs Jaya, 
Carroll, 0 from the Hast Indien 
‘on 7th Angust, andl Matrns 08 E 
_Arrived the Lort Wiliam Bentinck, Tran- 120, and has since continued ow that stations 
from the Mediverraneam Hix Majesty's Ship) Winelvostery iting at Chat 
wih Nowernber, and (ibvallar 10th ham for the Wert Inia ation, reesved her 
Ho M,C, Raven and He My pomder ow bowed ot Gillinghas wn the Veo dan. 
and Is on her way 10 Portamonth, where abe will 
(15) Feoelve the Maz OF Vioe=Adminul Ky Ge Golpoyss 


a 
‘Parwovrn—Salled H, MP. Duke of York, Hix Majesty's ‘Sloop Hyacinth, Commander 

‘Lieut. 1, Shel, forthe Modlierranean, AM, Jackson, sailed trom Plymouth on the sh 
‘Sinenness—Arrived H, M,C. Swan,,Licut. of Jan, for the West Ladin station. 


LMOUTH Balled HM, T- Canden, J. Wear that Hi, Mz Dlowom, Commander Te 
‘Koalifox end Bermada, aod H. MP. Owen, arrived at Naman on the 01h of Nove 








is Majesty's Ship Worconer. 8 fine fegtte 

cx fo 8 gm Laced hn Deyn 

Nock yard on the ®th of Dee, last, . 

Mis Majeatys Sloop Relndeer, was commis 
sooed at iy Lents Hk Pr Biche, 0m 
ie arte Pa ie, 

it ie ex} oak ‘preme. 
tion il take pee ante apprenhing aM ot 
‘Apel, It is a exported htt te long atte 
meanure, authorieing te male of he comenissions 





i 
| 
F 
i! 
iil 


cies 
jenny 
chile 
i all 
lle 
TEE 
i Hie 





i 


Vin tae power ta keep more astm 
smimion oe more rts 


PETES 
aud 


‘olen undertatag of tle matures 1 
ain of these observations neroxs the 


pte 
ign 
Hi 
we 
Feige 
Hl 


1 doube tally quate’ ew 

Pavforiaanoe of the task sh the advate 

‘will conmmend in bis own. 

nty’s Bhip Galacen, reOting wt Ports 
to eouevy Commistoner 


Heit 
La 


Mah. 
fatlowing cominiesioned officers have been 
e te porns thn tly at tht 
Royal Naval College >= Capt, Hon. W. Wellesley, 
Commander J. Hindmarsh, Lieutenants 9. Me. 
Witty, Bedwell, A. Milon. 
fe Mave presente 
‘hoie late Camunandor ©, Re Drinkwater, with « 
‘nvond aan pair of estimony of thelr 
‘estoena fF bins whit serving under his com: 
‘mane : 9 ebreumstance both gratifying to the ferk 
ngs of tds meer, sank creditable to the character 
‘of hin crews 
Ie his lang been contemplated to eraptoy sear 
‘ripation for the conveyance of foreign nails 





iF) 











MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


He Mi. Btenm-Vewel Meieors Lacats We He 
‘005, Ie to proceed to the Mediterranean on 
werviee 





"A ruport bas reached us of the loot ILM. 8. 
Pelorus (IH), Commander M. Quin, fw the Mediter- 













‘Huseur, Sepernaeneraty 
Witlasn and Mary Veet 
Toanen 






Darby, hy Hyperion. 
Davao, We(s) — Moyal George, 
Dicken, HP a 
Powko, 11 Ganges. 
Mall, He Reamilies, 
Stewart J Hyperion. 
Tarver, TM Galaten, 
sworens, 

Bonalan 

Goaten. 
Parvony, Gs North tie, 
Wien, We Childers. 
Yale, Je Pike. 

sUROKOXN 

Dunn, T. 
MGhie, J, Ditin 

Warypiter 

Barham. 

North Stay, 

Aanorrawe-sunoross, 


MARINEN—CAPTALE, 
Barton, A, ‘Winchester. 





DISTRIBUTION OF THE ROYAL NAVY, 


IN COMMISSION, JANUARY, 1630. 


SHEERNESS AND NORTH SRA STATION. 
‘Vice-Adm, Hon. Sir H. Blackwood, Bt. K.C.1 














anes, ons. ‘COMMANDERS. 
Alligator. 5. - 28. C.P. Yorke . . . Leith. Cruiser, 
Badger | | |. 10. RLF. Rowley... Nore. Cralser. 
Lieut. W. B. Watts «Sheerness. Refiting, 260 December. 
RoDeas . . . - Fitting at Chathwn, 
Bir J. Brenton. . . Sheerness, Guard-ship, 
Lt, R, M‘Kirdy Nore. 
Hoa. G.Poulett » + Chatham. Frsc-s 
12. W. Usberwood + Nore. Craleer. 
Lt. J. Goldey, (a). + Nore. Cruiser. 


H. Pigt ss 





PORTSMOUTH STATION. 


topford, K.C.B. 


+ Lt. BE. Thrackston . Portsmoath, Cruise 
1 LL dP. Roepel . : Portsmouth. Craiser. 


‘Adm. Hoo. Sir 





Arrowso. 2 1 
Cmcker,c. 5 + 1 ' 
Gataten . . . . 48 C.Naplerscn, . , {MH December, trom West Indies, at Porte 
a“ 
0 


mouth. In harboer, refitting. 





Ganges ss + J. Hayes, oun... . Portsmouth. Guard-ahip. 
Sparrow, c. . + 10. LL.J. Moffat. . . Portiméath. Cruiser. 
Sylvia, o. «| + 2 + LiS. Morgan . . 5 Portsmouth. Cralser. 
Victory» 2 2 5104: Hoa. G, Biliott’ : . Portsmoath. Fuso-sair. 





Sail? Gone 243 
PLYMOUTH STATION. 


‘Adm. Right Hoo. Willam Berl of Northesk, 6... _ 
F. Marygatjcvn. . {3st December, arrived at Plymont, trom Ma- 





Aitedine S28 delra. Reftting. 
Bramble, c. Lt. W, H. Haswell . Plymouth. Cralser, 
Britomart B,J. Johnson . . + 34 Jgnuary, sailed for West Indies, 





W.B. Bowyer. 
+ GW. Hamilton - 


Plyouth. "Cruiser. 
Plymouth. Fitting. 
{ J.P. Devonshire | + Plymouth. Guard-ship. 
1 E.Hawker. . ) Plymouth. Fusa-ruir. 
‘Salled, from Plymouth, 224 November. Left 
+ Awad cliente. {att on ik Decombe. 
+ IR Loney . . . Plymonth, Cratser. 


Dispatch «> 





IRISH STATION. 
Rear-Adm. Hon. Sir Charles Paget, Kt. K.C.H, 





Nimrod. + B.Radford . . . + Cork, Cralaer. 
Orestes. + J.Reynolds . + + Cork. St, George’s Channel. 
Pearl. 5 2 G.G. Blake <5! Coast of Ireland, Cruising. 
Pike 2.) + LLd.G. Wigley + + ork. Cruise 

Pylades | PDH Hay. 2) 

Semiramis | 1 OM.PLP. Berkeley | 


Price... . «Irish Station, 





7 Gans 130 
U.S. Journ. No. 13, Jaw. 1830. s 


250 DISTRIBUTION OF THB ROYAL NAVY. 


MEDITERRANRAN STATION. 
Vieo-Adun. Sir P, Maleohny KC, 
commaxontn, 

Retngrnm s+ + Yowan Yano. 

W. J IJeionove | November, gina, Prse-anrr. 

Fun tise th, 28d Beplewber. ith Novem 
er ats - 

November, Vourlas 


Novetnber, Malta, from Marseilles. 
December, Gibraltar. Tth December, Cadiz. 











Oewder, Corte, Poems 
TITS Pam iogost ier Porsmont, 20d Seprebery 


Pie SR en SSE ree 
ia eptember, Apia nat 
WPT. alae 55) * { ‘tlesagrcs, kth November, at Malta, 
Mea. Sir H.C, Bpencer {Semen 
ain eptmber, Wft Partmmoath. tx Octo 
(AL W. Behombers + { ‘ber, at Malian 10th Neveuber, sailed for 
Napol dt Honan 
‘September, Loulen Islands, 2b October, at 











Metuor . . . Bomb. Di Hopes ss ++ 
Musulio. «6. 10. C.Bentham 6. 5 
Oeean ss ey + 80 PeCompbell + 
Poiana > vi. Meteson = | Speier, onan ini, Neyeber, Cot 
infu ‘Tuula. September 10th, 
Polos 6 2 1. MeQdne ss {AY eS os renee 
ut Sepromber, ef Portamouth, tor Gibraltar, 
Pola. «10. .Orham « «5 «| $m Bepteboryat Mail Your In No- 
vember. 
"| failed, row Cork, Use Novembers ad Noe 
Proce 2. 10 5 Ble T. Pasleyy Bue ewan te 
‘26m Nevenber, tet. Portsmouth, for ibrar. 
Rapids... «10 «C,H, Swinburne, « -{ Mn, November tet 
Rateke » - «MH ~ Won-C. 0. Brignan 26 Sete onnn Tyne, Oxobr, Cote 
agent, “Fenian, Archipelago. Hkh Novetn- 
Revengs = 5 6 10. NeThompaon .. . {Aug Tonedo 
Wiseman. 5. 6 1. RPMichell) . . . November, Constantinople, 
ace reat | FAleandina, Oetoder, Vourla, November, 
Arehipelnge. 
Spare... 70 + Reqs Tones ah Nowe at Mal 
Raises TOs 2 September, ‘October, at Saloaica, 
eres B: rite oon 
October, at Yours. 18th November, at myn. 
ae fa NRE ae * aT Novos a Your 
is Ociobor, nt Vourla. November, Semgraa. 
ee ei ih November, at Yours. 
Wott... + 1, ReRumell . , , , 25th October, xine, 


Sala Gustiee Bombe a 
APRICAN STATION. 
Commodore P. A. Colter, C.. 


i ‘Repteuiber, sailed, too Gibraliar, Xu 


Atholl =... . 8, A Gordon. feplember, mt ‘Teneriffe, 90h October, at 


Storrs Leane. 
Clinker... . 12. GW Maton... Pernnndy Boe 
Metin; lay > RWant sl a Ounber, at Bt. Helom 
Pimper ss << 12 Jal Gram’ 5 Sept lta ome, Fenn Po 
Se 5.8L TA. Critic’ \ Angut, Ascension Noveinber, Sierre Leones 
CPE Ts @ . FA Cena, { Feminle Bo Whydeh. Pisces Btw 


‘Gotober, St, Helena. Vkac.an 





DISTRIBUTION OF THE ROYAL NAVY. 251 


CAPE OF GOOD HOPE STATION. 
Commodore C. M, Schomberg, C.B. 
ours. uN. _commanvans. 
Challenger... 28 . CH, Freemantle. Ist October, at Port Jackson. 
‘28th Jaly, sailed, from St. Helena, for Ascen- 
Esper... . 10. H.F.Greville. . . } don Bt. Helena, Ist September. Cape, 
ith October. 
aly, at Mauritias, Seychelles, 20ih Septem- 
HG. Colpoys {712,85 (Meer 
J Lyoos. 5 5. + Manritias, 
‘25th July, 
Piag-sR0 
. LSeptember, sailed, from Cape, for Mauritian, 
Madagascar. 





Mauritius, October, at Mauritian, 





EAST INDIA STATION. 
Rear-Adm, Sir E. W. C. R. Owen, K.C.B. 
A. A. Sandilands 
11 W. Montagee " 
J. E.G. Colpoys , ely, Madras. 16th August, Maran 


May, at Malacea. 4th June, at Batavia, Java, 
Hon. 3.8. Goon» { 2% at hago, Tracom 
LM. Laws... 5 sath Se 








P.Pisher | Pease 
16th Sane, arrived, at Bydney. Ist October, 
Beceem...» 98. W.C.Jervoise . . {THR Tame ervey 


‘26th July, left Rio Janelro. Cape, in Septem 
Zebra ss + = 18. RePridham. . - - 4 ber, Balled, 16th November, for India. 





WEST INDIA STATION: 
Vice-Adm. Hoo. C. B. Fleming. 





Joly, at Barbadoes. August, at Vera Cres; 
HLS. Nixon... { from Jamaica, 10th November, ealled, for 
Havana. 
Sir J. Louis, Bt... Fiso-suir. 23d September, Curacon, 
siEN { Angus, at Port Royal 25th Septiber, 
st + U fago'de Cabs, 


+ + Coustof Cuba. Bahamas, 
{Angst at Carag, ist September, at Por 





Jamal, Aorut, ut Caran, October, at 
Port Royal, from St. Jago. 

{60 Jannary, 800, sale, fom Plymouth for 

+ 2 West tndien: 








++ duly, at Caracoas Angus, at Port Roy 
<1 Port Royal. ‘Guardeatip. 
September, La Guayra. At Barbadocs, from 
28 + O.W, C.Conrtenay «4 "Demerara, October 21th. 
2. LA.4, Simpron (e) . New Providence. 
3°) LEM. Cole... Anguat, Bahamas. 
3! Leat. Sherer |! “Angust, Bahamas, 
5. Led. B.B.MrHardy Cabs, "November, Jamatca, 
5 UW 6 tte Anguaty Bahama, 
. fly, at Havana. September, Bermoda, Je: 
3. W.Walpole «| [ aiuce, | Novembersat Cubs. 
ee Anguit, at Coracoa. "Let September, Havan 
40. Becloment. «  . {etier at ermode 
Bkipjack. . 5. 8. TLS. Riche... Bahama Inlande, Cralaing. 
Siaey ss. 90.5 C.Puker(e) |. {MEE At Caron Jace, Nase, Sop 
20h October, malted, from Portsmoath. BM 
Sprowewk 18. TG 2... { December, at Madcirs, on way. to. Wert 
Tres. 
Speedwell... 4 . Ltd. Hookey . . . Bahamas. Jamatca, in September, 


Vietor ReKeane . .. _ { Asgust, lila Verde, from Jamalce. September, 


at Havana. October, wt Samaica, 





Salle: Gens 330 


252 DISTRIBUTION OF THE ROYAL NAVY. 


NORTH AMERICAN STATION, 
‘RenrAdm, Str Chorles Ogle, Bt, 


sinters: UNS, COMMANDERS, 

11h Augosty at Haliinx, from Permando Pex 

Champion... 18. Boor... ss { At Quebec, Mth September. Octuber, at St. 
Johu's. alltax, 10Uh Ociover, 

Columbine , . . 18 . J, Towmhond . . . September, Quebess 13th Oxtober, at Halifin. 





reer Wereat Quehiees ih Ce 
Lod ers I le Bg i 
Manly... 5 18 - Tt H.W. Bishop ~ ge ae oe tocar: 

‘8th September, Halitass a2 S. 
Rot see ss 18s HO.Dewer's .. [Seren 
Tye oo ss 6 Mh. SHER. Grant... Newfoundland, oth October, Haliter. 


Sail @ Gane 140 


SOUTH AMERICAN STATION. 
Rear-Adm, T. Baker, C.D. 


+ Borgen 5 4 5 120 July, at Lien, trom Guayaquil 
C. Talbot . . . . £8Sth Detober, sailed, for Mo Jansire, froor 


Portsinonth, 
venve Ayren 


+ HIPTALTTHompaon Br. ely mM, ny Barter, 
Sepletber, at" Bt. Helen. “October, Birra 
: Leone. Bailed, for Rie Jeneiro. 





.W. BW. Owe 


+ J. Coglan, ms ‘nt Lina, from Guayaquil, Callan 
4 ADonme . . «July, at Hay. Anguat, at Valparaiso. 

* ‘alt Beptember, sailed, frou Plymouth. ad 
» T. Dickimon ©. { ‘Vetober, Madeira, Sth Oetober, Santa Crna, 
‘Balled, for Rho, 

June, Callao. July, Conyaquil. Panama, in 

Angost, 
«Hon, Waligyve() {2% Jat Mules Qn Br! a Be 
Mth August, st Rio. September, at Buenos 
Binghos ss Apven sr0h September, salle, for Valpe 
— 
«Te Wikow 6 ee ‘River Mata. 
. Lord Colohestier . . $200 Daseabey sailed, from Portsmouth, for 


© We He Shire . - Fhanamie, Riv Janeiro, Angunt, 








© Hands 





a 











Balt 19 Goon ayo 
COAST BLOCKADE AND PACKED SERVICE. 


Homiltion . 74 5 WePigot. ss. . Downe Stathon, 
Hyperlon ss. 42. Wd. Mingaye Newhaven, 
Astron + Wi King 6 5. Falmouth, Packets, 





SHIPS ON PARTICULAR SERVICE. 


+5 M6 Hon, W, Cordon {80 October, aloha Periwent, fr 

ss He Me Peer 8) = 5. PASenbte etn, 23H Senter Cape 
{ath Noverner, salted, fram Plyannth, 00h 
November, at Madera. 

vray Ae Binetarence YM fowas at Madd 20th Hepeembery 

«5 Bomb. Wit Dance... New South Wale 


Gum 99 Bomb Yael a 


2+ Yael, GB Maxwetl $f 





PRIZE MONEY. 


253 


SURVEYING SERVICE, 


a 





‘Angust, at Valparaiso. On ber Ragland, 

Anca t Valpari, eg 

oth Bepeember, sailed, from Portsmouth 
West Indien iat October, Madeira ist 
November, at Nasaa, 

{Oambla. Blerra Lecoe. Fernando Po. Sep. 
‘tember. 


+ Shetland Islands, River Thames. 


Archipelago, Zigina. 
‘Bast Coast of England. River Thames. 


FITTING FOR SERVICE. 


Childers... Be ee 
Dad 2... eee eee 
North Sar. BL 
Wincbesters 
Sal 4 Gun 14 


Jo. J.Nis 
fie. Rego 22 f 
1 ta. WAR Caron. - 
+ 38 + Hoo. H.J. Roos. 
18 | BirW. Dicksoa, Bt.» 





‘lst November, recommlsstoned, for North 
‘Sea Btation, by Com. R. Deans, 
(Sx October Sth, pald off, 6th Novem. 


t 
{ 


ork Paid off 10th November, 1810. 





PAID OFF INTO ORDINARY, SINCE AUGUST 1630. 


‘Oth January, 1890, pald off at Portsmouth, 
16th January, paid off at Portamoath. 

‘At Portsmouth, preparing to pay off, 

‘25th August, paid off at Portsmoath. 

4th December, pald off at Woolwich. 





PRIZE MONEY. 


rRizes apventit 





D YOR PAYMENT IN THE LONDON GAZETTES, AS REPORTED TO THE 


TREASURER OF TUE NAVY, DOWN TO TuE 19TH oF DECEMBER, 1829, 


Wan oy 1703. 

Hino, for L/Almable Juans, (Head Money,) 

capt. 23d April, 1798.—Pay. 11th Nov. 1829.— 

‘Ag. Wills tnrbeny, 1, Jems sre, Ade. 
in 








Wan or 1803. 
Auacarry, for Piraties! Mistico, destroyed, 

capt. Jane 8, 1825.—Pay. Oct. 28, 1820.—Agt 

William MInerheny, 1, Jamesstrect, Adelphi, 

Cananian, for Greek Plratical Verel destroy- 
4, (Bounty Money,) capt. Jan. 31, and June 0, 
185, and July 27, f026,—Pay. Oct. 23, 1620.— 
‘gts. Maude & Co. 14, Great George-street, West. 
minster. 

Marpina, for Pena de Franca, Bounty Money 
for 184 Blaves, capt. Oct. 3, 1828; EI Juan, 
Bounty for 407 Slaves, eapt. Nov. 12, 1698 ; and 
‘Telumpbo, Bounty for 127 Slaves, capt. Nov. 23, 
823.—Pay. Nov. 26, 1820.—Agis. Thomas Stil 
‘well and Soos, 22, Arundel-street, Strand. 

















Noarn Srax, for Santa EMgenis, and Cam. 
peadora, (Bounty Money,) capt. Oct. 17, and Nov. 
1, 1829.—Pay. Nov. 6, 1620.—Agt. Jobn Hinx- 
rian, 72, Great Rassll street. 

Painnosa, for Neavo Virgin, Bounty Mooey 
{for 364 Slaves, and Moiety of the Hall and Cargo, 
capt, July 28, 1828.— Pay. Nov, 26, 1820—Agu. 
Thomas Sulwell and Sos, 22, Arundel street, 
Strand. 

Saninoaratau, for Piratical Vessel destroyed, 
‘Bounty Money,) capt. June 0, 1825, and two PL. 
ratleal Vewels destroyed, (Bounty Money,) capt. 
‘Jan. 31, 1625.—Pay. Oct. 28, 1830.—Agt, William 
Metnerheny, 1, James-street, Adelphi. 

Syatuce, for Fanny, Bounty Money and Mol- 
ety of the proceeds of the Schooner, de. capt. 

1026.—Pay. Nov. 14, 1620.—Agts, 
Goode and Clarke, 15, Surrey-street, Strand. 

Viorory and Butz Tender, for Selzares, 
capt, between April 4 and Joly 29, 1629.—Pay. 
‘Oct. 6, 1620.—Agt. John Brenton, Portamoath. 




















PRIZES ‘ADJUDICATED IN THE HIGH COURT OF ADMIRALTY, A8 REPORTEL TO THE 
TRMASURER OF NAVY, DOWN To 2leT DicEMBER, 1829. 


Ausnanray, for La Venguer de Ia Perle— 
Cond. June 25,'1820.—Pronoanced to have been 
2 Vessel of War, and 36 Men on board. 

Paancuss, for La Petite Harmonie—Cood. 








Jane 25, 1820.—Pronounced to have been & Veo- 
‘el of War, and $2 Men on board. 
InEATIGARLE, for Le Range, capt. Oct, 14, 
1707—Cond. July 18, 1889.—Pronoanced to have 
been a Veuel of War, and 00 Men on board. 





ANNALS OF THE BRITISH FLEET. 





Towis Gvsminoners of the Aiizalty. | Principal Conmanderrin Cet | 





|ortmonth.— Adm. M, Milbank, 
“Adan: ton. W, Cora] 
he ral 
‘Eat St Vincent. John Markham, Re Ain, €. Coiling. 
. Sir P.snephane, Win. Garthore. ——_|Corko—Adm: La Ginee 
1802. |Plywooutt—Addun, Sir'T. Paste. 
Pewee. — | Wan. Xtlot. Evan Nepean, (lat See.) |Downs.—Adm. 8, Latwhilges 





Auunes Adar. |Cape-—¥. Adin, Sir. Curthe, 
Nore. —V- Adw. A, Greine, 
East Hndien—V. Ado. P Raine. 


on = Vaumalea—B, ‘Ad, Ry Moma | 
No.of Commissioned 


rity the | Oilers at end of the 
No. of Ships tn Commission at the commencement of the Year, with the ‘Year 1801, with the 


‘Namber Laniwebe, Captored, oroodurvebe owt dering the Year. |) Pene Wahs With 



































(No. of Seasnensnd Marines, woted for rs five lanar months, 130,000 
Se ee 00g Tima am. 
S hwi-ocls (Ugh aula oe 


ACTIONS, AND OTIC REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES. 


Fauuary 12 AL Fasnabeay Caps Te New anid crew of late slowp, Bowetiay were trie for ber Kumts 
‘unt wore acquitted, except the secoid jlovtensnt,"T. Geakman, who, being asleep on his watch at the 
Tine, was seateneed f0 two yexrs Imprisonment, And mulet oO bis pays 

Vebruary6, A combined Prench and Spanish Plect, consloting of twenty-nine wall of the Hae) ¥e- 
-ventewn frigates, and soven sloops, under the command of View-Admisal Viloret Jayeuse, Reat-Adin 
Fal Ka Tovche-Freville, Resr-Adisiral Gantenume, and ear Adrulral Lenoly andthe Spanish Vice 
‘Adiairst Graving; havity on Bonn 25,000 troops, wislor the comin of Gem, Laslereyarvived ll Cope 

Adland Of St. Domingo, for the roduetion of thst ylsee. 

‘March 3» Senble, 30, Mobort Saco, eat wear Trigcomalee, Capt: Waller was presented with a 

nied Sy Seegtad tea owe leper annie shen tages At 

ter Amsizes, Detore Mr. Juntice 14 Blane, was tried Lieut. Fasiwidge, of Resintanee, for the 
‘wilful murder of Js Ragas (eames). Verdict, Mansivugbtce : to be sbx mouth imprimoned, and fed 
‘ene Wundved pounds.—29, Amistance, 50, HL Leo, Tost upon a suns bank, bene Oravelines, during, 
fog; the crew save, except ero miarine. 

‘April. Lieut. W: If, Feulknor, was honourably acquitted forthe empire of the Constitution satter, 
by two reneh cnitert==& Capt. Lav, Tato af the Assitance, was admonished by 2 Court-Martial, not €0 
‘phice xo moet confidecce for hu future tu the Puloti=—ts, Le Republic Francais, biz was lance 
‘at Recheforts=90 The Mavine Corps, fo their very meritorious condact during the wary fist styled 
Woyal Mariors. Sarl St. Vincent presented with a ailk fg by tho evew of the Ville de Pats. 

May 1% Peace Gnally settlol Vetween Buglaud, France, Spats, aad Molland, when Great Bei- 
tain sareeudered up all her conquests, except tho Idands of Tyinidad and Ceylane Malta was restored 
to the Knights of St, John of Ferussiem.—19, ‘The Island of Marcon wat delivered mp. Lat 
‘M4, Povtugnene Krgate, captarcd by the Algerive—30, At Madeayy Caple Je Macksller, Wf 





ANNALS OF THE BRITISH FLERT. 255 


lchores dismissed the service, fur tyranny. La Sybiile, 44, Capte C. Adam, captured 1/Hiron: 
ele, the oly resnining privateer bn the Iudlonse—,” The ighshonney at Borboln, was Ughted 
up rot tine 

July 26 The Hexeney of Algiers, wont ont ewo Mixer, ove of 40 guns, the other of 96 guns fone 
cheboen, two yolaeres, two sehoanery, aod one brig, amonnting te eleven cormire: (n ale wovke they 
captured five Neapolitan yews, two Scanish, one Enalbsh, and one Genoese, Two Vrench brigs were 
‘alto detained, haviog ow board dinpatche. atet » cargo Cor the Prench ariny 4 the Kingionn of Sax 

‘Trinunpia, 14, Str Robert Harlow, and a Higvee, malted tor Alglore, anc returned with full sari. 

‘row the Dey for the detention oF the Bria vessel, vance, Amerien, Sweden, aud Portal 
also sent wyvadrone thero for the same purpose, and obiained similar sstifuction—t.  Martiniyue 
Even up to the Preacha=t®.. ‘The Swedish island of Harthalomew given up the Hite, 

‘Angust ty Unliet States schoouer, Knterprise, of 14 gun, Llewt, Sterrett, om bor pasange to Malta, 
‘bad « severe action with a Tripolitan polaore of equal forve sit lasted about three hourr, when the po. 
acre was captured. She had twenly men Killed and thirty wounded: the binertean had not a man 

‘or wounded. 

September 4, ‘The Vielor, 1 Capt Caligr, destrayed Tax Fleche, june, 170 en (French orvetie), 
‘whilst yingin fale of MabO, Indian Ocean. bn this wery gallant act, Capt. Coliler Wan the only person 
‘woundled.-—10, In» heavy gale from W5,W the Portance and Diamant bare np for the Texel, but 
‘80 Pilot being able to wonture off, dey both struck several tines In going In, and owiag to the Dover 
Pot mintaking che buoy, the Poriwute rau on the sand, whieh the Dxmond escape, by anchoring 
‘the gale 99 woch Ancrented during the night, that Ita» thought ndvionble to ent away the Fortunca’s 
its» she beat of her rlder, ant vas Hlling very fas, when the arew deserted ery neKt marulng 
‘the Diamond got in the Texel, aml five days afer the Porinnce war weighed and saved, 

‘Oeiobor 4. A mutiny broke ont cn bound the Gibraltar, Capt. Kelly, whilst on her passage from the 
vook to Jola the sqaxdron tn the Mediterranean, The two ringleaders were eanented, Ou this ecea- 
‘low the Royal Marines roceived the thanks of Admairal Bickyrtou for thelr good conduct. 

‘November 24, Vrleao, Dutch ship, woe wreelind near Dywehvreh  o4t of fon hatred ant seventy. 
two persuns, only elgheon wore saved. cout, 18, Henry Duncan, founfered off the coast of New- 
Foundland, «row perished ; Ply, 14 Thowne Duval, fowsered, crow periahed, ater wnknown. ‘The 
‘Negro generals, Dewallnes and Christophe, recover pomersion of St. Domingo, 


PATE OF MALP PAY, AS ESTADLISIED POR TIL NAVY, ON tat JULY, thom 


























Capinionthity ofthe olde ee ee ee 
——— retelling Com Sete, ee 
Wewtemate tron dundred se ee ee 
pkcead doa Maideed yo os vhs) wks Mauls 
‘Maser, nese twenty ive,\¢quailed for deat avd accu rater» s 
cA peat Prentytve I oalied for Grit anf nocond ratea a” 
tnt seventy ve, W'qualited Wor thind ra. sew 
Mine twcsty,Arscrved bios youre ys see ge 
ee cert cacantioh orredwyesers sce Se 
ext wo hundied, fsetved ve Jeu ss ee ee ORO 


NUMBER OP SIIPS PUT IN ORDINARY IN EACH MONTH DURING THE YRAR. 














— 
Nov. 











256 


ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY. 





= Prissy Si ae Hen Qu | eosin Coser ba Chita 








Leat-Gon, Sir Alued 
Secrearyat War. — Right Hoo, W, | HE Ue {ee tc. 
Windaan, [North Amerios — § He REL Duke: 


of Kents Batis 
Capinin-enerst sod Comumniern- | Jamaica and its DeperbencienmLieie 
inf" Field: Marshal MR. HL the ‘Gen, Rar Malearean 
Dike ot York, K.G, Leeward L "Se 
1799. | Adjorsor.Gevmral,—Gonere Sir We nt,-Bew, Bir 
Payee) Ke Be Maiph Aber. 
‘Codowel Harry Calvert from Oth Jan, 
Continent of Yield Marshal 
‘Quarter - Master: Generel — Geveral He Rell, 
George Morrison, Duke ot 
‘Lieat.-Gen. David Dondastrom 2 Nov. Kothe 


Mantor.Goneral of the Ordnance Minor —{ ‘Stuart, KM 
‘Gem. Marys CormmalR0. —| Gane Ge Hope —~ $ Sit George Youre 


Liem Geman of he Ondvance—Cen} Gloria Gee, Charles O'Hars, 
Mon, Sir W. Howe, K. A. ‘4 Farticular Service,}—Major ~ Gen. 

‘Thomas Meisland, 
eee 














Total Naber of Troops maintained by the Couutry, (wchuting 

Milt, Pcie tad ote Fores “7s ae Javea 

Bxpenne Of Mito, MIU. ee ee LOSES Om a 
DINTHIRUTION OF THE REOULAR FORCES, 

sey, AML CHEEDBEY ve vee ee ve ne ee BRATS 


seen, ihe, Portage lps of Good Bage,en Byes Hervey an 
New South Wales ASS of A 


ast Indies (four regiments of Light Dragoons and twenty regiments of Poot). 95/108 
OF THE KUTSCTIYED OF THK ARNT. IN INBLAND. 


























Bubat- Quartermasters, Sacjeunts, | Rank and 
Capiaina. | term. | Start | Trumpeters, and Drummers | Vile. 
Cavalry et wos | 70 200 
Infantry 240 wo | sr pet) 
Milidds and Ponelble Infantry 
Woneble Cavalry sy ss ve 
Provistoual Cavalry 2 ee 
Recriliad ose es 
Discharged wisi 
{Killed or dled tn the service 





‘Foreign Corps in the sorvice of Great Deitain 
Hxpeme oll se ee 











MILITARY ACHIEVEMENTS AND OCCURRENCES, AND CHRONOLOGIOAL 
EVENTS OF THE ARMY. 


‘February #3. ‘The Governor-General of Initia published mdectaration of the cawnss Yhat prvetpltated 
‘he necemlty of am open declaration of hoailties wid Tippoo Sultavn| awl the mst acthew miliary 








‘na Bite orang bw the Casita, 
 Inelndiag 9760 favutics. 














ANNALS OF THT BRITISH ARSIY, 257 


‘“perattone immediately commenced. A well appotated array was formed smi put In motlany and the 
‘der comand bestowed on taeut-Cen. Harter aa Lag 








Sule [. 
of Harris, Major-Goen. Maint, fr the decided sm able syanner in ehieh he eomdveted 
‘the amault, and for the humane measures which he subsequenty for preserving onder ant re. 
igalarity in the place! Colawel Gent, Major Heatson, Colonel Smith, Cape Dowre, Tdent-Cal 
Buawe, the Hon. Colonel Wellesley (ow Duke of Wellington), Eieut--Col. Moneypenny, the Mon. 
Col, 86. Join, Major Macslowahl, Major 2 Lieut Cok, Wallaces Ldewt-Col, Campbetl 
Colensl (vow Lowt-Gon,) G. Vs Hort, Liewt-Col. James Dunlop, Liewt-Gen. Stan. fy 
‘where all behaved oobly, it it proper to mention individ inert, E know no man x0 Juvtly edited 10. 
soc. rhea to whone esersious feel myself avoch twdeblod for the access of the 
Hat the events ofthe Ail of May, while they have serpaniuat 
Sree mnie expectaos ofthe Governor General Counc have fled the repuiaton of the 
Britich army in Lndiay to % degree of aplendour aed glory anrivalied in tho military history of this 
Gorlnpe mine any part of tho world. ‘Tye Hasire of this wietory ent 
erie i Cana paraaages, SAE 3: cream ini ou sein Be wees 
‘ane . jon of genuine seourity, 
(ng qecriged pemagtr les fle apr ie 
‘cian he vie Andian array have ‘with thove of ow countrymen at 
‘Wome; and that in Gevat Hritain bas found (0 the imlevolent designs of her 


‘peace, and_power,"=-Lord Mornington’ Gene. 


| 





AE Dior Of the Adjutant Gevoral the late Slr Barry Close, Liewt.Gem Harsiy 
‘cbwervedl; IF the mceess 8 Irnportanice to the Writs Interests, that success be 
1 be ausibuted In a very wonklerable degree to Leute Cok Clove:* Honorary mudaly were eooferred 
ou the cahcers engaged tm this 





# In tle onter it Ln piated, that bis Mijesty baving taken {nto constteration representations mile by 
a eore The the Iasuboriing. 









: ‘which, fevera! nal! detachimonts were seut ovt 69 dilfereat stations. The 
Sarees wis conananded thon were Tosracted to receive eigie ree. Many very fe Tooklag 
fellows were 





‘adjoining momutaindy the design 


po 
These pew esuberytcongert with the rebels in 
Gein osne the garruon, ‘the receul 








IK 


258 ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY, 

Tune G, The King revkewed 19,000 volunteers tu Byde Port-—22. A treaty of rubsldy between 
‘aglaod and Stovala, for the disposal of 17,203 Mundan solders fr the expedition agalnat Motta, 
‘wruen setiberls 

“August 32 ‘The Colony of Surinam surrendered to the Tiritiah ander Lieut.-Gen.' ‘and Vieo 
Admiral Lard Hugh Seymonr—t7, A Hritish foree of 12,000 men landed at the Heller, aader the 
‘command of Bir Ralph Abercrombie, An action emued, which continued from Aye ia the ll 
theew in the aftermson; bet by the courage aml perseverance of the troaps, the enemy (ander the 
command of Gen. Daendel,) was fairly worn ont, and obiiped to retire In the evening to & 

‘two Heagues in his rome, ‘The British eorpe « were the Gil, Fh, wath, Oth, and 
‘KSth Reginents of Poot.“ It te tmpamible for me sat Yo express my admiration of the bra 
‘very and conduct of the General avd the whole army, or the ananlinity with whieh oar whole Opes 
pe I Te od 


hearty together.'=Admial Mitchell's Dlapstch. The enemy stutained « foe of 1,400 mon = 
{he Brush was 408.40 Alles and wounded, Among the latter was Léeut-lew Shr Snes 
‘who very inch distiegalshed himself ln this ntion. The evacuation of the Halve was 
comequenceawasth:* A reinforeement of 9,009 men usted under Major-GeD, Don, 
Abercrombie adranort and vecoped the prddon ofthe Srp 


TELEF Es 
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elt 


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‘were 
180 killed, wounded, and missing. Among the wounded was Major-Geu. (ihe late Sie Jn) 
Sir Nalph coutinved nv his postion, aul between the 13th and 12th ure Brigades of Beth 
‘and two divisions of Russtane, under '. ‘ise 


Semmes 3105, Be of Bers, 






i 
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it 


an eoemny Loferlor 10 them Jo number, bat superior a rctence and prudence, ‘The British Lost tn 

wounded, and mining, about 1,100 men, of whom 40 were officers, The Rassane in Killed 

and taken 1,745, of whom 44 were officers, Including Lieot-Gen, Hermann taken, and Lest Gen, 
Gecetwost killed ; and tw wounded 1,229, of whom 40. were officers, including” Malor-Gen. 8 
‘The enemy suffered also vory eonelderably, and left 3,000 prisoners in the hands of the Allien, 








4 On the same day possemtion vas taken of the Naval Arsenal, at the Niewwe Diep, and of the 
‘and Fudinavew in te 90h Adintral Mivcell passed the Helder, and entered the channel 
shiek loads to the Voter, whore the Dutch floot wae at anchor. Admiral Stary, who sonananded. if, 
Po Se 
‘waritinve ‘expolition was realized in threo at landing of the troops 
1 Here ben Dusmtle wat sana Jody Preach tps, wich arrived im pee ete frets Zealand 
‘and thor parts, and on the ad Sep. by Gon. Trane, who had the ehiet command in Holland. Upon 
‘the #th, Gevs Dumonceau Joined him with « Batavian division, whew the tral wamber of the enemy 
‘opposed to Sir Ralph Aberctennbie amonnted to 20,000 men, inchiding aboat 7,000 Vrench. Sir Italph not 
Aaving a force tuiclent,or equipunentsy which cook} authorise farther progress employed the taterval 
‘between the Ist and 10th of ths month bn strengthening Mie position, and (a taking every 
‘whicl might enable bin fo resist an attack until the arrival Of retnforvesieuts from ‘orof the, 


4 On this day it amounted 4 $3,000 wen, inelodling 1,900 light eavalry, wit. 40 batslione and 10 
‘mquartrons = the whcle of this foren wan, howover, not aniembled in fhe Zaype wath the Unik. At this 
erin the Duke pomensed a muperiorty of firey whiel it was suterial Ube be shouhd avail hinelt am 
SOT yen, to Mrs ects Hom. The sas as eter, sree rine ned SB 

16 the assembly’ of the several divisions forming Ms army, bad. peednoed delays whiedy ad 
‘enabled the enemy to collect the means of opposition from various quarters; and had ko proportion 
‘isponition vnight have exist 1v the canary to favour the cause of the Hause of 
‘operations of tho Allies in Bwiteertand hat taken x turn, which fortade an ex= 
diversion, they would longer favour the gttempt in Hoilaesh, —Allyhese motives eet 
io the Duke to proceed with the wimest expedition to offeasive mesnares. 


‘ 








§. 





ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY. 259 
by Sir James Pulteney’s colnmn—aith, ‘The thint division of Kuedans, ander Gea, Krumne, 
dan sewetnnents of Brida trou Encl, Joined the Dobe of Yorks 

‘October % The Duke of York made a mecomful attack on tho enemy, and complied Gon. Trane 
‘is pesition, ‘The British loss amounted to 98r killed, of whew It were officers; 1,102 


‘oeors andl 408 soldiers wounded. Majordless, (aflerwnts Sie John) 





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if 
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if 
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if 
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‘at silage nud the weay by dhe severve soder Colonel Mavstonabity weldbout nick 
far and vo farther it was intended thet these corps should proceed, preparatory 
tn contemplation, bat Golonel Macdonuld havior followed the eoeiny t00 eagerly 

ills, aud the Russians having alvaneed to Castricun, which It was not Ja 
attack, brought on a contest between these corpa and the relaforesment samt 
although I bad we objeet, soon beosnme » general action from Lizen to the 
diepated cn the right with great obstinacy, wad with alferuate woes, unit} late Ho the 
the eneniy were driven back 80 thelr porition, and the Allies remained in joweasion of Basen, 

of Canticum, from which a detachment sede by Gen. Coote frou Likamen had driven the 
‘The Biiish Lot tn kil, wounded, and siasing, 50 ofcors and 4AUs meng ‘Te Riasiens 
Wncluting offcers—7. The Duke of York retired to the tinct of the Zuype.—L0, Tha enemy: 

the leit wing wader Frings William (now Dake) of Gloucester, by whieh, however, they 
‘hwck unlit night, whon i eontinned ite reteent withoat being farther mctosted —18- 


5 


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bat 
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# 





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_* ‘Towants the eloie of the campaign, Major Gen. (now ten. Sir Georpe) Dom war sent to the 
*s cainys with » ay of truce, he jan accompanied by Majur (te nie Colonel Vaspalle ‘Lhe 
\Gommsodar Chet, Gon: cuney prtading to mnpet the muives at the salon dead 

‘to the Piritish Gemeryt that Ne was deieruiined to weak him a8 a spy, abd eontemptuomsty observed Lo 

Major Vanll, * Pour yous, Monsieur, Je yous plalc’" to which dat gallant officer boldly anawervdy 

4° Sir, I dintsln your pity, and am wealy to share the fate of my Genera” After experiencing every 

‘of MMHONRy, and having Deen twice lod out for exccetion, sheve Urave oMcers Were at LeDgth He 
in Jub 1800, and allowed to return to agland, 
+ The Ions of the Gnery would have been moch more serioas if Gen, Eisen could have been pros 


‘apou to 600) i {a tbe aliack spon the vdage of Bergen, tha eid) power 
oat lat ne ht fe a eae 
Aw the day, tive wonseqmences of Unis umetees motion wiad Cie Lee swatalserd hiv by ret 


ielineceg ata rs Stat 1 rlterd he Dolch muster st a momen nosh hd > 
‘of farther feiaforvement, and when the epemy’s means were 











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3 
5 
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ocenylely presented that provpect of advantage which could balance the sla ‘thems 
by the advico of Bir Ik. Aborercmby amd the other Licutonan-Gonersls, the Duke war 
‘which the Increaving dangers were uot compensated by any probability af 


Dean pela = epi tey bene 
sini of besiiations ‘There was no eestcetion om the em 
‘the British or Hunslan troops, whieh wero at once dixpomble for vihor hjests | no reste 
ym while thoagh proposed and urged by Ged Biuine, wae Hrnly rested by 
‘of authorising em Kuox to break off the nogetlatton, At it aveuld be fardier 


Spates ih axle th, Halder" sh St ae ty 2A Dm 
+ Boot Guarts, (haitalious oF ech ceginwent) megcid battalion of Ruyiay 30 
ited attalions of Ay, frat batiohion of 5th, Brat antl second Dattalions e€ Oth, 

7 ust 


260 
execution of the 


i | 


GAZETTES. 3 
“Mir James Potienes Jefetho ‘Texel with te Lroops aod sips wiets 


‘tll roxaalned! ln tho road, and the enemy re-vceupled the Meier om the sane days 





ORITUARY, 1700, 
Gen, Gabriel Curiae, Colonel-Commandant doth Foot. 

“Major-Geu. Willian Barbers Viscount Welding. 

Gan, Hrancin Laseetior, Colonel ‘St Dragon, a Grom of the Boban to is 


ses Br Thomas Bhi 
Gen. George Morrison, 





iss Major-Gon.Jaunes Rare, a Canssore; Bast Tides 
Gen, Vhowan Clarke, Coldvel Mth Foot. 

5 Bars 030) Pook, 

‘olonol of the Ath Poot, aml tse oldest Sto-Oifhcer to the ser 


‘vives hing been appointed Quarwr-Mastor General fa 170%. 


‘Menten, 6, 





John Archer, 
‘Chucles Mowon, 


Lyon Liewt-Gens Horry Trelanny, Llew'Gen Wine Martin. Llewk-Gew, 
iewGien, Richard Tawnon, Majortien, John St. Emiger. Majon(en. Mom, 








GAZETTES. 


MILITARY PROMOTIONS, 
now DAG: 29 0 4AM WO 
WAR-OFFIOB, Janse 
LORDON GAKATER: 2ANs Be 

‘Bd Regt, Fowt—Gem, Sir George Bony 0.0.1 
from 30th Pt, tobe Col vice Liont-Gan, Mir Honry- 
‘Chinton, dees 

0h Ditto, — Lieut Cen. Bir Roger Male Bhealte, 
Han. tw he Cok view Sir G. Bon, app. to ec. 
sand of the 3 Pe 

‘tit Ditto LicwteGon, Sir Thomas Hislop, 
Bert. 6.0.8. feotn Ost Fh, to be Col, viee Gen, 
Lond Chaites Pits-Roy, des. 

Ia Ditio,—Majer Gen, Bir Renjwntu D'Uednn, 
K.C.t6 10 be Col. vive Sir Thomas Hislop, app. 
Wo cmon of 46th Ph 

‘Mesnorandum.— His Majesty har boon pleased, 
wo approve u¢ the Hah Regt Pi. being pormitied 
to retain op iseolonrs and appvintinente the wort 
% Corunua,” which was granted to the Tate 2 
Feats 0 the Ree bn commemoration of Ms Msn 
lshed condvct In the action near Coranna, oo 
the Ltn Jam, HI, 











aun es 
a Mls, Woot Leut Jehu ahs, from 2h 
Pu bw be Pagan, view Boyt soe 
{0th Ditto.—Capt. Wn. Eeokine Grant trom 
ie pe oll Wet Huila Hegts 10 be Rayuny view 
‘Weight dee. 


OFFICE OP ORDNANCE, Jan. 0. 

BU, Hogt. Art— Gont. Cadet Win. Harrison 
Auikwithy 0 De ad Lieut. vice Gunets proms 
Geot. Cadet Peanklin Dunlop, to be ditt, view 
Bewchowsp, rotieg Coot, Cale Prvneis Dice 
be digo, vice Strickiand, rus; Gems Cadet Aifrod 
‘Tylec to be ditto, view Bkiawer, rome) Gents Ca 
det Milward John Jones, to he dito, vice Aleaek, 
ipron§ Gents Caset Charles James Daltony tw te 
Alito, Voe TR. Lasnt, Prow.; Gont. Cadet Wan. 
Meenty Hordes, © De dito, vice Teesdules pron. 











‘Gent. Cates Dayit Bawort Wood to be dito, vhew 
Gone, pron. 

‘Worcestershire Milith— Crewe Henry Mraute. 
Gent, Wo be Bion 


WHITEHAL, Dac. 17. 
TURK, 14% 1 
‘The Lord Chancellor’ ins “appolnted Pranets 
All of Saou Walden, te Gonnty of Bet, 
Gent. to be # Master Bxtraardinary $n the High 
‘Court of Chancery, 








WAROFPICE, Jan. 1. 

Yo Regt. Las Drn—Vet, Sarg, John Melows, 
fromm hy ps 18th Lt. Dry. to be Vel. Surg. vies ohn 
Jom, Who exe. 

Til Dr» Gilx—Cons Henry, Willow Atkinson, 
to be Licat. by ps vie Osborne, app.) Hemy 
Corbet dimen, Gent to be Corby p vce Ae 
Hinson. 

Tat Regt: Dra—-Falwset Lele, Ges to he 
Cor. by 1. vice Malawaring, howe app. has not 
taken pliee. 

3 Dittoy—Capt. Goorge Hobart, from Be fet 
be Cay, vie Wits Henry Oran whe ea 

Tih Regt, Li. Dre—Georee Hatin. Gert. 1 be 
‘Vet Burg. vice Lichar Dorville, who vee 

uth Ditic—Coruet Johw Agar tw he 
without ps viee Seward, dee. Thorax 
MiMahou, Gent to be tnt veda 

1st oF Gron, Regt. Pt, Gk QuaroMe 
icant “Vianor, 10 4 QuareBfam view 
who res, 

Int Mert. Foot, — Livut-Cal. Charles Stnart 
Seni: eer oe 6: Lhecaae 

trong, who #xe.; MospAm, Jompl Steele, 
10 be Au Sune, vite Bryden sess 

‘BM Ditio—LewteCal, Joho Gregory Dau: 
rant, from lat PY, t0 we Tiewt-Cob, view Wit- 
lions dees; inn. Lawrewos Craghe, from 1th Vt 
to by Ens, view Hutebine, whe eness Jamon Hall, 
Genk to Kans by p. vice Cragie, who rot 





GAZRITES. 


tlh 


PP 
10 Ihe Leuk, without pL view 


| 
i 


fe 
3 


2 
iB 


i 
i 
: 
i 
3 


ox. Abraham Witold, frou wth 


is 
F 


: 
A 
? 


Ditia—Ldewr. Wilfan Rergennton, to be 
by p. view Morow, who ret; Eis. Thoums 
‘to be Lieut, by p. view Sergeant: 
Nt Henry: Furey Wakefield, ent Wo be Ei, 
Yallant, 
Ditwo—C 


i 
i 


“mn 
‘by p. view 


z 


e 





George Dubertey, to be Lieut by p. vice z 
iow G, Ds Genet, trom ith Ti to be awe 
Duberley. u 
au 3 psn Winey pun 
by pe ‘Proms 44 

tat lino we Gapte-—Capt Laward Row, 
doy, ein ace Opn Celgene 
‘exe. the diff: aml Capt John Ogilvy, from hep 
os Wittam Henry Langford Brooke, who-exe, 
the die 

th Ditto.—John Seett, ont. to-be Tews. with. 
‘out ps view Whiteld, prom. in dik Pt. 

01h Ditto. —Edmuwd Ryton, Gent. to be ns, 
by p. view White, who ret, 

4d Ditio—Capt. Ambur Gulmno%, trom Atat 
Ft. to be Cpt. view adleir, who wt. 

ih Ditto. — Lieot-Col.’ Bawurd RuizgeraM, 
from be ps to be LisateCel. view Paes app 
‘Sith Pe Ase Surg. Robert Twrubll fron hy pr. 
(ape His 0 be Asa-Bare. vio Larder pro, 
5h Pee 

Rifle Weiende—To bo Majoram—Capt. eh, 
Siemard by povivw Lagan, prone Ha ikl Pus Capt 
‘Wilts Sohnaton, witheat p. view Mitel, prom, 
An alae Pte To 0 CaptirLieok Joh Ste Vine 
‘sent Banoares; by. py vies Blewart; Lica. Johan 
‘Allen Wagoway, without p. vieeJobtaion. "To be 
Aa Lcatsid Llewts James Bolpbia, by 9. view 
Ssomaree} 21 Lent. Thomas Willie Sinlth 
‘viee Ridgway. ‘Te be ‘Ml Laewts—Cearge Henry 
Caveriioy, Gente by pe view Dutphin} Gents Cae 
dot Robort Petley, trom Ri, Mil Coll. without p. 
ice sti, 
‘The wep aaensiowert Liew, actually serving up 

1 in 9 Regt, of the Line, whose commision 

‘nthe year 300, tn prov. ap 
accordlog othe ‘Onder of the 

6AM Lieut, Francis Gran, fran 9th 














Meavorvesami—Lhewts Peter Muntoct, som 
. Moth It tae boon allowed to eet. from the sr 
‘low by te sale ofan araitached couaiston, 





TOESDAY, FA. 10, 


bbe Cor. viee Patin, prem. 
ee 
Contra} Glamorgansh, Squad. of Yea. Cavl-— 
area Maraaas Ua. to bo Oapt-Oovomanten, 
ice Nioball, re ¢ Joba Loyd Vaughan Watkins, 
Geol. (o be Lieut. view Morgan, prom; Michani 
‘Yranklen, Goat. 1o be Cor, vieo Wathiiey prow. 5 
oly Ditieyn, Gow. (0 be ditto, 


262 
BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. 


BIRTHS. 

Fuly 13th, 162, At Government Home, Byt- 
ey, the Laity of Licat.Gen. Darling, Goveroar 
‘of Kew Sonth Wales, of a dan 

Aug. Oth. At Madras, the Lay of Lieut. Wit. 


Mum Drewoer, ath Reginen'y Fort Adjouant at 
Bellary, of 

Nov. 24. At Hilifex, New Scotia, the Tady: 
9f Liewe-Col, Loring, Iiapecting Field meer of 





Dee, #1. Al Langfori, tne Eady of Capt: C. Cy 
Macgregor Skinner, of the Ning’ Dragoon Garde, 





‘At Cheltonham, the Lady of Commander Moles. 
a aa Ae ton the Laity of Capt. @. 12, 
Babich, RM, of 8 denghter. 
‘un. ot, AC Bros 


arracks, Chatham, 
Begley of We Bat Regh- 
of a daughter. 


‘ment, 
‘AL Denemorth Cottage, eat Chihesiery the 
Lady of Capt. Terinon, TL. of a wn. 

Jun, 10%, te London, the Lady of Major La 
vino, oF wn. 

At Portamouth, thee Lady of Major C, Chiches. 
SORE eee tr ote he 

of Lieut. 

800 Regiment, of a danyhter. 

Jan. 21h. At Woolwich Common, the Lady 
of Capt, Frederik Arabin, TA. of a shvehter 

Jam. Bh, AL Hath, the Lady’ of Col. Faye of 


4 dangbiers 
Seuea5i._ In Upper Deraay.stet, Borman. 
sent, the Lady o Cae Kira ofS. 
‘At Kiwale, the Kady of Live Meu Navoo, 
TN. ats 0m, 
“Due Laity of Major.Gen, Graves, Barrack amaner 
OF Mallingae, of wo, 


MARTUED. 


fa Detobor, At St. Hatena, Lent. Raward 
‘Bunbury Nott, RN. ro Sarnh Hlieabeth, eldest 
‘anyiter of Thoroas ead, Ty. 

‘Dee, aHst, At Invern. Lien Aves Prana ate 
‘OF the 75h Kect. to Eilizaberh, eldest danvitor of 
‘Me: Kieth Thomson, Professor of Susie, Lirvernens 

i De 
Wyte, Medias Army, to Agnes, eldert dangiter 
of the Lite Alexander Milter, Kaq. of Monkeaitlo, 

ire. 
MrerMin, ou 8. Camus othe 18 
Royal Trish Regiment, to Toubwlls Sarah Cole 
owen, daughter of the late Henry Cole Hower, 
Bai of Bowen's Covet 

Jan. TH. Béward Verling, Bey. Mastor BLN, 
‘eum dauzbier oF the lave Florence 








{0 Mra Shaoy,rellet of the Tote Juba Shaw, Bi 
stud dauehter of the Inte. Lowndes, Hay, 

Jan, Hath. At Newbatile Abbey, Colonel Bir 
Willison Meynord Gomn, K.C.R. of the Cote 
stream Goad, to Hllsaberh Anne, eldest danghter 
‘of the Right Hon. Lor Robert IKerr. 
waa leen: Test Molen ‘Wilson, 65h 

iuents to Mary “Elizabeth, daughter of Wil. 
Warm Lewis, LN. ~ 

Ak Mideriin, tn Leleestorslre, Liowt ©. 
Burnnlsys HLA. o Charlotte Jane, second dightee 
of Thowas T Oliver, Koy o€ tic Newatks, Lake 


ester 
the Rey special tleemse, tx the Cathedral 





Jun 35th. 
‘Chuech of St. Macy's Tuam, Capt Henry Cas 
cys of the 34 egies 20m of et ine 

Member for Li to Elleabesh, iat 
Tort Archbiibop of 


Jan. 18h. At Orvewslc Leet, Wiliam Dow, 
WX, to Carolinw, third davylier of the tate Ba” 
‘must Faery 
Jan, 190i AL Stonehouse, John Monk Lawibe, 
fq. Parer, RN. to Kanily, second daughtor of 
‘the late Faanes Richart Kan, of Hilton, 

Fan, 20th, Lu Landon, Kheuts de Pe 3 
‘ot the wist Poot, to Anne, second daughter of the 


Inte James Zenley, Tq, 

Jan, st, To Dublin, by special toons, 
Buicting, 19¢h Hees, odes von of Major Sting, 
‘of Walworth, County of Derry, to Ellux Catherioe, 
‘oarth daughter of Andvew Aske, Raq, of Ely.placo, 











DEATHS, 
47085. 
ov. 13, 180, Rieketty he pe wnat, 
Jone 30s 100, Craicey he pe Oth Went Toda 
Roghnent. 
Woy, Me Maleolin,a2d Poot, Conk. 
Cor 
Get. 18 Hil, Moyeal Marinos. 
oe. Hie Ravenhill, ps Ist Poot. 
Now. 2th, Cures he ps 24th Deagoous, 
KOT ERANT, 
Sept. 260, UBs. At Wareham, Phillipa, late 
Mktg se 
(th, 1890, At Fort  Horgal, Alex 
rary 1 Dot = 
uae Bib. AtCawnpore, Bengal, Mack 44¢h 





oot. 
June 11, MEMnn, be ps 19MM Peat, 
aly 108,” Hodson, ps ath Dragon 


‘wy Lath. Waters, p. 28th Dragons. 
‘Aug, With. Thomas Wileogy by p80 Pook, 
AU Aotigwa, M'Comnel, hyp eth Wart Toda 


‘Nov. Qs Blair; he pe Artillery Dri 
Neve abd, Bhar vert 
Painter, Ws Royal Meriows, 

Averell iti. 





Dec, bats Bradford, te p. 404d Foot, 
Brees 4 Quarrier, Ih p. Int Boot. 


DBATH 


AROOMD LIRUPENANTS AND RNDIONS. 
April soc, 1827. Bommners, bp. Ath Poot. 
Jan, 27th, 1800, Kinsman, Royal Marine Are 


May 14th, Miachlan, By ps 0th Pots 
Jane a8.” Wiuhamson sp. Wepal Marines 
June 24th, Rogers Inve Royal Marios. 
Mackay, J.. p. Royal Marines. 
to, 


hogs 31, Gundry, dios 
Dee. Lith. At Hrlatol, Greenham, late of 10th 


‘Baralion, 
‘Mth. At Ghancepore, Mengal, Paymaster 
(Grant, 26th Woot, 


June Yh. At Heuyal, Veterinary Surgron 
Ganly, Lidh Dragoons, 
QUART RW MASTERS. 


Get, Mists Beatty be ps 11th Dragoon, 
Nov. isi. Macdonsld, he py 7 Bragoon 
* coumisaantar Gexteritort = 1 
Dees 100, 1247s Depr-Com-Gems Singers le pr 
Ireland. 
Dee, tins, Avs-Com,.Cen, Hanodzam 1. py 
Dee 18th, Dep. Ast Com, Cen. Tanlty Be pe 
‘vt. Set, 184. CommiaGeas Young te pr 
Dee, Hote SommniseGen, Davidnn, ti, ps 
MEDIOAT. DkPARTWENT. 


i 


the 20h. 











‘Of Wellington | wnd from 181 to 181 
mamlerin Chief in the Mediterranean, with the 
‘exception of the shirt use Lard Bxmouth cou. 





Md. At Woolwich, suddenly of apoplenys 
Biever Major Jeb Tayi, eke 
Lieut, Alexaniter Siecle, haltpay, lato of the 
48 Light Infantry, Warracicvaaster at Blan 
tm London, Major Ht. Marley, alépay, &24 
‘Reginvent, and lato of the 3 Poor. 
pit Portanouth suddenly, Leo Balward Toon, 
Mt Trunton, Lieut. Job larinell Mocee, 1X. 
a J: Hi Moore, Raq. of Cadeteigh Court, 


‘The Inte Adwiral Bir George Montagu, G.C.B, 
‘whose death appeary in our bist Nawiber, stood 
second on the Ust of Mag-ollicer, and had beer 
sistyabe yours tn the naval service. 

‘was edited tn the 
mouth Dockyard, and la 170 commanded the 
Feart frigate of 700 tons, and in her eaptored the 
‘Spanbh trigate Santa Monica, of O00 ton, after 
an sotion of two hours, in which the Bpaniant 
Tost 83 men Killed and wot. Ile mrved the 
whole of the Aimorican wary amd wre employed tm 
the Spanish armoment in 1790, (9 tho Hector of 
TA unas, which mip he cormmmuniied tn the begin. 
‘alng of the Prench Revolutionary war. In ITB 
ho hoisted bis dagin the Chanwel feet s and from 
amnter of 1803 to the end of 1908, he was 
“Admirat at Portanouthe 

‘Vico-Adimizal Prarer, whose demite was re 
corded lage monih, held the sitsation of Equory 
10 bis Royol Higheose the Duke of Cambridge, 
was VicosAdmiral 0 the Keil was: 
tain fo 1796, RearsAdusival lo 
AiO. "The View Admieal the Hate war, fat 
commanded the Vanguard, 74, in the Maltin, 
where bls exemplary, judicious, and Pengote. 
onde reaping rcaways proved, a wll a 
his other services, that be wne sensibly alive to 
the beat interests of bis country, He had bem 
{An the vervice from nine yeare af age. 


























trom whieh he was ro 
womipany 1 the 30 Foot Guanty, Ite 
served with the brigade of Guardala Pladersdurlag. 
‘the enmopalgns of 1702 ad 1703, and wae proven 








‘it the steps oF Valenciennes, set at every netion 
in whieh the gremadior battalion was cugapeds 
pei yey pitts 
lecannp te My | ain subscquently 
‘oewed om the sail of England and Yrwlant The 
4h, Fue, 814, be TORE 10 ie rank OF Gomera 
* The demh of Depoty-Purveyor James Monhhy 
‘war erroneously Jaserted (nour Fast Numbore 

















Me 264 









METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, 
KEUT AT TUK OWSERVATORY OV CAPT, W. H. SMYTH, AT BEDFORD. 













+010 S\B. fresh gale, very clouily. 
+020 /8.K. tt. breeze, still elondy. 

“020 8. tendy bt inclins to clear, 
1005 S.A. Ite beens, partly elear. 
7006 8-B Ite nies, with heavy fox 
400 |3010 | 423 | 626 | -005] -010 S.K: by R. It airy. still fogzy, 
86-9 | 30-08 | 49-0 | 096 | -008) +015/E.N.E. nearly ealm, cl. sky. 
83-7 | 30-04! 36-0 | Bat | “095) -020\N.N.E. It airs, monot. sky. 


[ 2 hc. 



















302 34-0 |90-05 | 98:3 | B30 | “007) +030 eee wavering be, very 

403 | 36-4 |29-92 | go | B41 | 005) -020 S.5.W. Italrs, some: 

38D | 37-2 [20-85 | 389 | B42 | 005] -025 ‘ew. ‘voriable airs, few sunb.| 
4E9 | 36:6 |2990| 43-4 | 637 | °003) -028 3.3.1. fresh broeee, fine day. 
498 | 39-2 | 8000 | 40-6 | B42 | °007) +050 /W.by S.1t. airs, damp fo. 
402 | YOR |90-03/ 378 | BAL | -010) -025/N.W. calmed It, a.donse fog.) 


37-5 [20:96 | 38-8 | 267 | +010] -010 N.gW. ti. w.a fewsunboxns, 
867 |29°68 37-0 | B61 | °020| -020 W: variable w. partly fine. 
INN. Bilt. airs, heavy snow 
[NAN-W, fr. br, some aunsh i 
N.W. Itea. brown sky, m. sm 
'S.W, cule, heavy wtimowano, 
‘Fcalm,danso atmos. 80. 
N.N.Fi fr. br, sky still dorks 
‘N.byK. fr. ir. atill dure aby. 
NANA. Itea, large Ae ums 
N, calm, tight snow fell. 
INN Walt. a. laige fas sn, 
NW. tight airs, dark shy, 
|N-by X.gon. br. sky r: lighter 
- |Naby Wltairs, very darkky. 
cb bresky rather 











SSRCRESBSsnsesesese 














ssee 


ave | 28-4 | 3096 | 284 





RABUOSFORIGS VOT COTwROS POT wR 

















COLLOQUIES WITH POLARD. 
NO. te 
“© wish, ‘Trim,’ said my Uncle Toby, ‘ I wis 1 was asleop,!” 
‘Teisrea Snasnr. 
Ler me confess my weakness! It has become 
—" my custom always of the afternoon! 

while sitting in mine easy-chair, and before a sea-coal fire, to fall, it 
may be for a good half hour, or by the mass a while longer, into a Jkind 
of doze or trance, which, believe me, of all the forms of sleep under 
Heaven—and blessed, as Sancho has said, was he who first invented 
sleep in any form,—is the most delicious and refreshing. And, more 
ever, sled it clears the head, composes the ruffled spirit, and in- 
mind after the distractions of the day, it may be lauded 

as the most thought-inspiring and intellectual in its quality. That. 

it is brief, und snatched, ns it were, by stealth from the day-season of 
care, and enjoyed with the half-closed consciousness of a too insecure 
and transient bliss, doth both sweeten its influence and enhance its 
fruition. Therein doth it but resemble the whole sum of earthly plea~ 


of fore= 
coming low: iis, in word, but the type of bower Happiness. Tn one 


swomankind, or the merry ae laughing prattlers, were—if wedlock 
dot fablede—at best v dlocourtovua\ aid 


—— 


266 COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD. 


like the murmuring sound of distant waters, or blending the shreds 
and patches of incongruous realities into. many~ visions of 
nies and fantastic semblance. 

It Js only whon I have boon occupied during the day upon the most 


arduous enterprise of my life—m forthcoming work on the Pil 
pursuit of that all 


me of the repose which appertains to our of peace ; and upon 
such oceasions am I wont to-court my evening slumber over the pages of 
some gentle, aven-tenoured author. With this intent it lately el 5 
—after I had been deop busied through morning in the memo- 
rable controversy between my old favourite, Folard, and his ant ih 
—that, xed with confifcting doubts and by-gone conclusions, 
having vainly sought to dismiss in my accustomed slumber, 1 had 
recourse to 0 -which hud just been sent to me from our vill 
club. "Twas a volume of the Colloquies between Sir Thomas More. 
and the accomplished Montesinos of Keswick. With a charmed and 
soothing interest did I peruse the mystic philosophy of their spiritual, 

+ yet not without sundry misgiving dubitations on the ve~ 
racious report of those wondrous interviews. “ Can such communings 
be,” cried I aloud, “and are there really 

< 4 more things in heaven und carth— 
"Thon are dreamt of in our philosophy?” 
a 

Would that I, too, might hold converse in the flesh with the departed 
worthies of my craft—would that I might, face to face, discourse with 
Eee ‘Commentator on Polybius, touching certain passages in_ 











The words were scarcely uttered, when incontinently L seemed to 
fall into a deep and heavy slumber, and 1 bebeld, as plainly as thou 
seest me, a form seated over against me in the morocco-cushioned chair, 
Shee Lnabiely recognised for the martial presence of the Chevalier 


I kuow not how it was, but I buve preserved no distinct recollection 
either of the entrance of the Chevalier, or of the first interchange of su 
Iutations, or yet of the commencement of our colloquy. I can only ra~ 
member that, es Iwas vainly preparing to muster up my poor small 
stock of French to welcome him in its most courteous phrases, he at 
‘once, and strange it seemed, relieved my pains by addressing me in. 
marvellous proper English. - 

© Thon,” he procooded, “in fact, Montesinos,—" “ 

“Your pardon, Chevalier,” interrupted I, bowing rather stiflly 5. 
“ my name is nol Montesinos: I had some resson to hope, as 1 have 
already an Bonenths ate to your memory in certain fugitive 
trifles, that my real appellation might not be altogether unknown to 


n. Pa 
" It is my turn to apologise,” said my companion, but with a conde 
civil, sarcastic smile, that was infinitely disconcerting, “ You have 
the advantage of me: but, sooth to say, the periodicals and other ephe- 
merals do so seldom reach us where T come from, that,—that, in short, 
my good friend, I shall be happy to be informed in what mauner I have, 
had the honour to become your debtor.” ‘ 
, And here I cannot help stopping to remark, that the Chevalier did. 





COLLOQUINS WITH FOLARD, 267 


= ie throughout our whole colloquy, either aes 
Fam many matters in which he might be nord to he 


ed the same characteristic in Montesinos’ ian ‘bir ‘Thomas More. 
‘Though it is remarkable that, by the report of the himself, the 
defunct lor was much better acqusinted with his deserts, than 
the defunet Chevalier was with mine:—but this was doubtless owing 
to the celebrity of Montesinos. 
from this humiliating comparison, it were to little 

that I should relate how successfully I at length persuaded the 

jc pie Atlee respect, of the extent of his own obligations 
to my eulogies, and ofthe — that his fame would be st 








came excellent ends: ii noticing that he 
Gaal! wins, and rather coldly a ae all my offers of corporeal 
fefreshment, 

“ Thighly aj 2h of your project,” mid the Chevalier, « provided 
that, like myself, the principles of modern strategy from 
the practice of clbaieal antiquity.” 


* Therein,—I pray ee bear pkitie le: orance, my dear Chevalier, 
but —theren T enafbea lah sn dn erty Peatesines 
Wegelccce yous ova ina Delica tie acey, wire taanne 


somewhat obeclete und old-fashioned; and T question whether - 


be laughed at for my pains: I fear me, Chevalier, that the study of 
the martial science of untiquity is scarcely cultivated with becoming 
ardour by our militaires of ewe days.” 
. "The cheep the pity," exclaimed my companion, “ that the en- 
during lessons of strategy bequeathed, even to your times, by the 
masters of antiquity, ‘Teuld hove ceased to be atudied with the di dalight 
and veneration which they are so well calculated to inspire. Your con- 
ies, I presume, still worship the poesy, the eloquence, the 
iy of the claxsical nges: but [ tell you, that not the revival of 
and taste was more attributable to those treasures of the 
schools, than was the revival of the military art to the immutable prin- 
of strategy which are to be gathered from the of Xenow 
Beetron ice, ooetematanecae 
nut ply ‘the labour ve’ mote to imbue their 
clawed @, than did the greatest captains or the sere 
followed to form their science upon the institutions and pract 
» The famous Prince Maurice of Nassau, pe ou; ra to = 
as the first restorer among the moderns of the art, 
for he first restored the infantry to its true value as an arm 
os mes the Bohemian bands of John Zisca, Chevalier,” inter- 


“and tho stalwart Swiss: it was little, 1 ‘that 





of the Greek phalanx of pikes, when 
ner oath she Gronks of pesos thr res o6 
72 


FH 























qily GH 

Sa i ate 
i a a i 
He ree a ie 
i cea Cac He : Hi i 
dig ne aa aus i ul a 

mS inure ley lp eee 


COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD, 269 


Risers we, hs yh a Pietro Navarro, that gystem 
by rarmerie of bpd with their 
y Sarees mbble Tak i Lee sa lined foot, as the mountaineers of Uri 
and Underwald bad triumphed before; and in that 9; did its 
Teaders persevere for nearly a century and a half to its final ruin. 
te bine taken no note of time; and for aught that can be 
discovered to the contrary, rer fought in the same array at Ravenna 
and at Bas, at Nordlia ang 
J" said how keen and intense an interest is always 
Fiaaed wi nase 3S ‘memorabl 
warfare—distinguish it as you wil commencing 
Sak he evasion of Ta by Cade VIM of Prince, sd 
-anly with the close of the War. Your mention of Nord 
ae par exemple: how Ac Saget of the old strategy doth not 
‘mere sound in an instant conjure up. Horn, the illustrious Duke 
Bernard of Weimar, and their Swedish regiments, the veterans of Gus- 
and Jobn de Wert, and their German 
and Waldstein ; the Cardinal-Infant of 
and those Spanish and Italian bands, 
flushed with the pride of ere hel viotories, who with their gallant 
pri less priest than soldier—were boldly traversing 
from the Milanese to the defence of the Low Countries i 
there to find the common grave of their existence and reputation. 
Yes! a paste of Nordlingen does indeed swell to the memory with 
all the ee one yp, and circumstance of glorious war :—yet ita ad 
ene est art peokefeerd pe ds ib i) 
ae Did you ever, my dear Chevalier, see Rubens’ picture of | 


“ Tn faith, I have,” sid my companion, “and few sights had, in the 
more power to quicken the current of my blood.” 
* Ie i fideed, a very jewel of a battle pivee, not to be looked 
without i Coen und I rejoice that it is numbered among the 
. for itadorns the splendid abode of our monarchis, 
se halls of Windsor. Remember you that group, their eager 
intently fixed on the progress of the fight: the youn; 
Hage fn ,, his fair-haired cousin prince, that strange compount 
fee es cr, en ee age of manhood, on John 
fert, the ver; ite of both in years, mien, 
aS Bey eater oh sak grup full well: yet,” aed te lever, with 
ae “ Mord in has better claims to historical remembrance than 
foot of well minted canvass. It wos the only occasion on 
old Span ip ee at 9 il gt he Sein 
‘the issue was a complete overthrow and a bloody rout 
veterans “t Gustavus.” 
~ Yet the result scarce tallies with your own theory, Sir aie 
sai that, the Swedish array and the rovived tactics of antiquity 


“oe ld PeeipoerH 
Soldado, would I adduce it for notice: 
he ex ‘xplanating oe event should be misconstrued into & oe 
Spanish to the Swedish tactique ; whi 


of | 
Seen aes is chs fade ve te pl rt coe 












270 COLLOQUILS WITH POLARD. 


‘Yet the circumstances of each differed too widely to admit of our as~ 
signing equal it to the events in the opposite balance. At Ro- 
tea oer erase had the fairest field—namely a plain—for the ace 
ARG Seis plate “casero: sabia 27 coca Weeder 
perience in their school, the old Conde de Fuentes; and at least as 


renown, a8 their opponents had in the presence of a prince of the blood. 
“ind theis dererecton ta referred by ail emntanperacy. anthoriée 
the inherent vice of their tactics, “But, at Nordlingen, the Swedes 


fought under every disadvantage ; they were weakened and dispirited 
by the fends of their leaders, a and Weimar; and their enemies 
were far superior in number, strongly ane and animated to enthu- 
egy) the presence of the two it young princes, who, at the 
head of the German and Spanish 'y, Fepresented in the field on 
the same Fee imperial and royal branches of the house of Anstria. 
You remember the tribute which their contemporary Gualdo, in the 
plain und simple In of a soldier, has rendered to the gallant 
emalation of the King of Hungary and the Cardinal-Infant, * 

‘won immortal gern ths battle; to the wonder of all mon, were 





of the Spaniards. To say nothing of the disparit 


of the art were continuous and the advance of science incessantly pro- 
gressive. The scene might vary; but on each the actors of successive 
were put to the encounter, until, in the collision, those i- 
of strategy were evolved, which have becomne the - 
lation of all modern tactics. In the course ef that century and a half, 
there may be marked three distinct and successive scl of warfare, 
of which Irany—the Low Cooxrrirs—ond Gramany, afforded in 
‘turn the chief theatre, 
“Thus, when the formation of a regular infantry had superseded the 


* A-D, 16341643, 





COLLOQUIKS WITH FOLARD. an 


feudal array of the middle ogee, it was in Italy that the nations of Eu- 
rope—the Swiss, the French, the Germans, and the Spaniards—astrove 
for the mastery ; and the native levies of that fair and ill-fated lund, 
obeying her destiny, which in the language of her poet was, 





«Per servir sempre, o vincitrice, o vinta,’* 


conquering or conquered, still to be enslaved, mingled in the quarrel of 
the stranger but as the hirelings of the strife. Through the long con- 
test which terminated in the subjugation of Italy to the imperial arms, 
the Spanish infantry, by the superiority of their organization and dis- 
cipline, the genius of their commanders, and the constancy and valour 
which were their national qualities, were left the victors of a hundred 
fields; and their achievements, which were emulated and shured by 
their Italian subject-allies, raised their character to the highest renown 
throughout Europe. It was then that from Italy were drawn those 
forces and tactics which, in the last half of the century, were put to 
trial on a more northern theatre. When the cruel bigotr of that ty- 
rant Philip II. drove his Flemish subjects to revolt, the flower of the 
veteran Spanish and Italian infantry were transported from the Milan- 
ese to the Low Countries ; and the long wars in those provinces be- 
came the second school of modern strategy, to which the martial spirits 
of every nation in Europe thickly resorted. There, were that consum- 
mate general Alessandro Farnese, the renowned Duke of Parma, and 
his not unworthy successor Spinola, with the Spanish and Italian vete- 
rani, opposed by the two accomplished heroes of Nassau, futher and 
son, the first William and the still more illustrious Maurice, trained 
by whose genius the raw levies of the patriots, and the gallant bands 
oF ruslese who thronged to his camp from every Protestant country 
of Europe, were taught to contend on equal terms with their more ex- 
perienced opponents. In that contest were exercised also various 
bodies of Swiss and German troops, as well as many of the distinguish- 
ed officers of the latter nation who afterwards served in the religious 
wars of their own country.” 

“There also, forget not, so please you, Chevalier, were the valour 
of my countrymen and the martial talents of several of their leaders 
signally illustrated : Willoughby, and Sidney, and Norris, and Vere. 
Since the conquests of our fifth Harry were won and lost, the English 
had mingled little in the wars of the continent ; and for lack of foreign 
adventure, their military spirit had partaken something of the same 
rust with their arms. Except in the victory of St. Quentin, they had 
scarcely won a foreign trophy since the beginning of the century, until, 
in the school of Maurice, these ‘ English auxiliaries’ of the Low Coun- 
try wars won immortal honour. Witness the successful sieges of Ger- 
truydenburg and Groningen, the heroic defence of Ostend, and the 
victories at Turnhout and Nieuport, in the latter of which—the best 
achievement of Maurice,—the English infantry under Vere led the van 
of the Confederates, overthrew and routed the Spanish veterans, and 
slaughtered five thousand of their number.” . 

“True: yet how does even the memory of these Italianand Low Coun- 
try wars sink and dwindle into nothingness, before the transcendant in- 





° Frucasa. 


a2 COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD, 
‘terest of the Thirty Yeurs' conflict which succeeded in Germany | 
this it was which Stie ail ieal  neeinat eae eae 
beyond all lorpyring, sho seoet aacrlans en assanites og 
‘the three. For, what a of great names and great achievements 
crowd the stage on that a of otrategy: Gustavus, Wel- 
mar, Banner, Horn, and 3 Tilly, Waldstein, De Wert, and 
ims Piccolomini and Montectculi; Rohan, Condé, Turenne. 
‘Tn that was Germany but one vast battle-field, in which the sol- 
diership ars nation of Europe was sternly tried to the utterance : 
the Swede, with his volunteer confederates, the Englishman and the 
Scot ; the Austrian, the Saxon, Bavarian, Bohemian, Hungarian, and 
the wild Croat; the Freachman and the Switzer; the Spaniard, 
the Italian, and the Walloon. That was indeed the stirring age of 
battle and beleaguer ; the age to which, if you would trace the founda- 
tion of modern science, your research and your study must be intently 


given. 
“And yet, Chevalier, when that foundation has been traced, the re~ 
sult of the search, according to your theory, would but lead us back to 


the agos of elessieal antiquity” 

“<Curtainly, oo I contended! in my own ago, tho genoral principloe on 
gta nso eed Chehesron al toe grcctest Conan eae 
Gasady Slloweil them, bored the conduct of tbeit ath wate avoatally 
borrowed from the science of antiquity. The general principles of 
strategy only, observe me: for the details of their operations were 
pa 


i 


the ebanges introduced through gunpowder and its 
Ica Corn oF antank aud waetens paler aod viral ef 

different constitution of ancient and modern society and civilization, 
by. in short, the thousand accidents of time and fate. But still, under 
all these external appearances of dissimilarity, 1 maintain, that at bot~ 
tama your moderns have been—even by their own confessions—but the 
‘mere imitators of the ancient strategists.” J 

“ But grunting, as you contend, that the principles of all modern 
strategy were originally borrowed iy the gent geeras of the serene 
teenth century from the practice of the ancients, to what purpose, mi 
it not be anerared, should a man at this time of day burrow like . 
mole into the darkness of antiquity, or smother himself in the rubbish 
of forgotten controversy, merely to discover what no one will care to 
hear,—as, whether or not the Quincunx continued to be the Roman 
order of battle after the Punic wars—whether the Legion or the Pha- 
Tanx presented the rable array—whether the Ballista or the Cuta- 
pulta respectively threw stones and darts, or, mutatis mulandia, 
and stones? To what purpose, in these guapowder ages, Peay} 
Eee ourselves in fanciful inquiries, whether the dense musses 

“ily and Waldstein imitated the close order of ‘ The Ten Thousand,” 
‘or the smaller and more manageable battalions of Gustavus were mo~ 
delled on the cohorts of Cwsar—whether our trenches and cavaliers 
are bat the repetition of vinew and and our parallels and ap~ 
proaches but u tame copy of an uncieut beleaguer? If the elements of 
modern strategy were mdeed derived from the principles of ancient 
warfore, the improvement of the art has long since obliterated the 
traces of a common origin: if the modern practice has proceeded from 
the example of antiquity, it will assuredly never return to it, The 


COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD, 273 


eyiphippsopbeatlons date eb sega tee yulenabilicskedabicie 
ba hat viper eight wont 


W tremendous execution of our artillery, have imnenely ext 
the arena of battle, and enlarged the compass and theatre of action, far 


strategy. Of the ancient si we will say nothing: for what man 
=n hap pomaenhinnyn gt eabepele nye G4 


Wa peae Pe acuity coctlaind Sha ining woth T Seradely 
tial ie rosie bobby of, ty, mepanion. Ha peccoleed an. at 
Eiepsliby cis apd: taemietnel aeaseagsdetinatiate eae! 


sured me = 

Fear not, my friend, that you should offend those prejudices 
which once bot eft in the flesh, In the iterate sate of 
existence wl now enjoy, though we retain our habits of min 
Stores of tho dispositions, aud affections which we. brought 
from your world, yet we have this advantage over our former selves, 
that we are divested of all those passions which cloud the intellects: 
and warp the understandings of men; and thus having a clearer and 
more comprehensive Mihi ‘of every subject, we are enabled to exert 
our reason, on causes and consequences, unfettered by our earthly 


CeR, 
listened with profound reverence to this admirable metaphysical 
account of the soul's condition in Limbo: though, upon. since looking 
at the of Montesinos, I verily believe my. must have 
stolen the whole passage from his brother shadow the Chancellor, 
“ Perceiving wherein 1 judged rightly, aud wherein I erred,” con 
the Chevalier, “ am now prepared to concede to you that, in 
matter of the bel ', the ancients did Jack something of the re~ 
ment and rapidity of modern science. Yet how deeply interes! 
details of their sieges—how enchaining the narrative 
their gigantic constructions—their artful chi« 
canes! Wo have nothing to compare to it in our times: a modern 
army would not throw up in twenty weeks such an agger og Cowar's 
were wont to raise in as many days.” 
Very possibly: and these things may be matters of wonderment 
interest tats pine aliaay Ceol it may end still be 
Yo what pract! a shou! he attention 
Geis froforedaltary sestenn? “Want has tha mode solder todo 
antiquity ?— 
"What's Hecaba to hie, or be to Hecuba ?"” 
_® Perhaps not much: yet I know not why the und science of 
other ages {d not, in his vocation, be a subject of rational curiosity 
to the soldier, as well as to the follower of any other pursuit. ‘To trace 


274 COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD: 


the and of art, is, in every other branch of know= 
eigeieta to bela laudable and useful Seen patie? ‘tending to method- 
ine and improve our conceptions, to enlarge our views, and to assist and 
stimulate our aes And why not equally in the of 
arms? Credit me, are worse employments fur the soldier's ‘hours 
of idlesse’ than the inditing of even a passing commentary on the revo- 


lutions of 
“The Chevalier de Folard,” replied I, “might seed to offer no 
apology for trenting of the high concernments of the ancient strategy. 
‘he distinguished services of fifteen campaigns, and the qualities of 
soldierahip which won the esteem and cont ice of the hero of his 
the Twelfth Charles of Sweden—avouched his title for the office. ib 
for the humble and unknown to venture in his footsteps, were to en- 
counter the reproach of the sophist, whe presumed to lecture on the art 
before the renowned Curthaginian—or to be justly accused, like Mi- 
chnel Cassio, of ‘ mere bookish theoriek—prattle without practice." 
“Yes, if tho study and observation of the past were indeed to be 
confounded with the pretence of offering instruction on the mo- 
science. But it needs no high pretension to unfold the historical 
proeron of the art, not from set dissertations and treatises which are 
it only to moulder in the dust of departed miscellanies and obsolete 
anipohepadlas, WOE EiV4he Tivkip aged: of (Xe. old) rfeemas (estitag 
commanders of imperishable renown, who haye themselves bequeathed 
to your times the authentic im) of their minds and achievements— 
the of their genius ied in the simple record of their 
ries; of those actors of inferior note, yet still their worthy companions 
or faithful followers—the sharers, the witnesses, or at least the hearers 
of their deeds, whose pens, animated by the excitement of their theme, 
liave left the world the geauiae. portraitures of their great leaders, 
familiarized men’s perceptions with the lineaments of the mighty dead, 
and sketched to their mind's eye the whole moving panoply and gore 
it of by-gone war. Content you with wouring well : 
to these faithful chroniclers be your attention given; to discuis their 
records, especially during the period of which we have conversed, ax 
embracing the rive of modern science, shell I, perchanca, become 
nent visitor und counsellor. At present, the night grows 


a 

“It’s already near twelve,” said a hoarse voice, “and sitting ap 
o' these cold nights will do your honour’s rheurnatiz ——" 

I made an cart to start from my chair and rebuke the inhospitable 
intruder; but my guest had disappeared in a trice, and I was imuné= 
diately sensible of a reeking sulphureous odour which filled the whole 
apartment. I rubbed my eyes : the iron tongue of time from the nvigh- 
bouring village steeple waa tolling twelve ; the fire was dying on 
embers ; the candles were expiring on their last odoriferous snuff in 
the sockets, and, in place of the Chevalier de Folard, there stood oppo= 
site to me, armed with bovt-jack and slipper, only my trusty factorum 
Jonathan, ax, 


| 215 


| MEMOIR OF SIR CHARLES VINICOMBR PENROSE, K.cm 
VICE-ADMIRAL OF THE WHITE. 


Fortune majoris hanos, erectus et aver.” 


‘Tuar illustrious and amiable prince, Marcus Aurelius, speaking of 
the fleeting vanities of the world, observes, “To begin somewhere, 
consider how business, humour, and fortune, went with the world in 
‘Vespasian’s time ; consider this I say, and you ‘Il find mankind just at 
the same pass they mre at now—some marrying, and some concerned in 

lucation ; some sick and some dying; some fighting ond some feast= 
ing; some dradging at the plough, and some upon the exchange ; some 
‘were too affable, and some too conceited ; one was full of jealousy, and 
the other of knavery ; here you might find some wishing for the death 
of their friends, and there a seditious club complaining of the times; 
some loved their women, and some their 3 some grasped at the 

hip, and some at the sceptre, Well ! all’s over with that gene- 
ration long since.” Such were the philosophicul meditations of one— 
a unit of the millions long passed away—and such are the recollections 
which are heedlessly slighted, and with the salutary admonitions of 
sages spurned, until occasionally the death of a man of superior quali- 
ties forcibly awakens us to reflection. 

We have been drawn into this train of thought, by the sudden an- 
nouncement of the dissolution of the subject of this sketch; for the 
demise of friends, althongh an inevitable condition, has been pro~ 
ouneed by Burton to challenge a first place in exciting melancholy 5 
and though we are taught that regrets are unavailing, the heart which 
‘can refuse its tribute, is not to be envied, Cun we therefore refrain 
from being startled by the abrupt announcement? No! We sincerely 
lament the loss of a man whose place will not easily be supplied ;=— 
aman who in the full enjoyment of the ofium exm dignitate which #0 
many thousands fail of obtaining,—easy in circumstances, happy in 
connections, and prized in public life, was so unexpectedly smote by 
‘the grim tyrant— 

“ Whose patent gives him power 
Each day, each hour, 
‘To strike the peasant's thatch, and shake the princely tower.” 

Charles Vinicombe Penrose was the second son of the Rev. John 
Penrose, who continued for thirty-five years the worthy vicar of St, 
‘Gluving, in Cornwall. He was born on the 20th of June, 1759, and 
‘at the age of thirteen placed in the Naval Academy, at Portsmouth, 
where he was soon noticed for his application and prepossossing address, 
In 1775, he commenced his honourable career, by embarking on board 
the Levant, a frignte commanded by the Hon. ‘ge Murray, uncle 
to the present eof Atholl. With this upright and intelligent offi~ 
cer, our youth contracted a friendship, which Te a period of twenty-two 
fan continued unshaken, and was then closed only by death. © This 

avaluable patron not only furthered his progress in the service, but 
treated him asa member of his family ; and we have lately examined 
at the Castle of Blair, in Atholl, a tasteful specimen of his aay skill, 
in the large model of a line-of-battle ship, accurately rigged during his 
visits thither. 


a eee appears to have seen much boat~ 

service. In August 1779, he was sed ad vee Stproeetc or 

Cleopatra, under the command of his friend ; and was a: 

aenioey. a indecisive conflict, between seeks Darker 
r 


mah. ee ee ee 
‘was manifested in catching nt a glance the merhntaee of gt the 
nu which he saw on ‘Swedish fri Pe coeaet instead 
of our aystem. He caeecapied a nar 90) 
ray instantly: cooulated ito the nual squadron hak he camunel: 


some of the officers, two of whom are now old und distinguished admi+ 
s, fancied it incomprehensible from its numerous combinations ; yet 


whom in found om ing shit <a ae knitting silken 
In 1787, he was united to Elizabeth, the amiable daughter ae Rev. 
J. Trevennen, who hus survived him. ‘Three da 
Charlotte, and Jane, were the fruits of this union; and Serer the 
perfection of our olficer’s character was in pees more evident than 
in the admirable example he exhibited asa husband, and futher. These 
jets, however, are so often undeservedly bestowed, as to become 
trite: it may therefore be requisite to assure our readers, that in this 
instance, rein from long personal acquaintance, that they are most 
Teri 
sae call to nrms, oceasioned by the “ Spanish Armament,” ate 
joined Capt. Murray in the ‘Defence ; and was afterwards wit 
iisiatbs ake) 9608 gust wien ibe bad lor cocina te 
jiaktcing while employed in engaging and destroying some 
‘butteries at Martinique, an accident which would have been ae 
ominous in ancient days. After removing with his patron, successivel! 
into the Glory of 98, and Resolution, 74, he was presented with a Come 
mander’s commission in 1794, on the anniversary of Rodney's victory — 
his patron being at the same time promoted to a flag. 

\¢ Captain's first command was the Lynx sloop of war, with which 
he assist the capture of l'Experance, a French corvette, on the 
Hulifax station. Being posted in October of the same year, he was 
ore enough to obtain the command of his old and favourite frigate 

ep and in her was despatched to examine and report upon 

ity nt pe peesass a a naval rrp sir om was im 
eae of tl overy and survey of a valuable anchorage 
Fiear Tomes Handheld the Spare useage: tin socee wi 
such skill and precision, as to command the admiration of ries who wits 
nessed it, In commemoration of this first visit of @ man-of-war, the 
port was called after Admiral Murray. 
Continuing his course towards Cape Hutterns, a singular and inex 
Heable accident befell the Cleopatra, in crossing the Gulf stream. 
night ips cenasly. 4 ee te cn i under end bail, hain: hen all 
at once, in a heavy vivid li a tremen: 
eee ibe tnd utheds eed crayon [age igre mere | 





SIR CHARLES VINICOMBE PENROSE, K.C.B. aT 


wea, At the same instant, she the whole of her 
under water, that the watch ired of seeing her rise a 
—when she did recover, it was only by a anteraction, 


quai it sin ecb wid the pone ae a wc es 

thrown out cot, and das! len! t the quarter= 

ae ar OW Si/as fala ratios urge peat erectrace Tate 
lirty-first volume of the Naval Chronicle, and on asking Sir Charles. 

whother it was not ted in the drawing, he replied, ‘It was a 

terrific piteh—I really think this must be a tolerable representation.” 
Our officer hud once more the satisfuction, during Capt, 

» of ‘with Viee-Admiral Murray, the only eammander 
under whom he had personally served. When he returned to the 
Cleopatra, it was his melancholy EE Oe eet a] 

ad reek! who had Deen stenck iif ea ye end never reco- 
ees he captured the Hirondelle, a mischievous 

of 12 12 gins and seventy-two men. 
Heed Be Admiral’s own words on a fow questions re= 
lative to Naval Di eit as they illustrate both his style, disposi- 
oS and judgment, 


¢ argument has been, that certain foreign services have gone on without 
punishment. ‘The fact so stated may be at once denied ; for where the 
glen ordering of certain numberof lashes as uot been in force, other still 
yuieiments have boen inflicted; and isto solitiry confine= 
sets ieee ph ecten tle are ert nares lishment.” 
otto foreagn nual scrvicos, { mn, pretty 6 igi ren pai 
ete Usapetres; tn in none i te’ dlscipling semild and just este bar 
own, ‘of our seamen who have been in the American Navy, can give 
ample information as to that national practice; and when our seamen, in dis= 
cont went into fregu service, I anes recived peition from several on 
ship of war, the discipline of which they described as most 
ee T E repli, that their voluniary nity prevented my interference, and that 
T trusted. their experience would open the sale en sre 


ear 

taken men tok this mithod of bring convinced. And I would: here ak thote 

gentlemon who hold up other services as an example to oure, whether th 

to be judged bys and will they venture to state that an equal loos? 
eotmfrt is enjoyed in these exemplars! Tbeliove 1 need not appeal 


tele mata cr mills superoniy. 
Cl Se i 1 tide wh Dat irom 


ee fnot iblic exposition and flogging, who, shame 

and pain bas iene lei ‘uch each 
Fewsirs considerable judgment to find whether the best effect will be 
Ban the gtstfals 29 tealcng ng punishment conditionally, a bya tea 
fon: and here that most requisite of all knowledge for a commander of men, 
ofhuman nature, is of the greatest avail, On some chanscters, 
a free ‘will operate a8 2 sec from future erime; and T hi wish 
‘Thad found them more common, & man was brought forward for gus) 





ay MEMOIR OF Al 


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jue. ‘The day. betore the ship went from Spithead into: 

a eagle tony 7 thatthe neceseary repairs wotld 

in port, and that they would have leave to go on shore in divisions, 
continued to themselves well, or till the ship came out 

were thirteen weeks in harbour, I had not one complaint; 

‘ks, there was seldom a man wished to go on shore. I left 


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rowed guard every night to prevent desertion, aml the loss 
(on esemcsen coronal oa wicxbiins, © MOeCaar Ee 


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case, and directed that, if any one offered or accepted 

value, the offender should instantly be ve ee) 
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Pany another opportunity of showing good conduct, the payment 

Ba tag ad ewe pits sted Geatle nak 

telegraphic signal announced an enemy's frigute off Portland, and 
jes moro quickly disposed of, or a ship more quickly 

undor mil. We wore balked of our axpocted prize, and returned to 

thead just before the mutiny, Here, by a and 

attention, I kept my men from cheering with thy others ; and although E 

daily communication in ray barge with the Royal George, three days after 

yned ropes had boon reoved, T'porished two, men ‘who’ had left thelr 

in the |. When I’ received orders for sea, not a moment's 


HH 


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(died 


SIR CHARLES VINICOMBE PENROSE, K.C.P. 279° 


stances Iwas aware of, I should not do so till the tide, when I expected 

‘would show eet the confidence 1 seagate t 

Soother Spar The sep ly was by three hearty. 

eta (hich T would then have gladly dispense with) aa {atta obedience 
to my orders during the night ; and I have reason to bel Sew 

duct of my ies ry aided the able urn fh co ee 


Seder at Gt exile! period. Thad the honour of in 

Ce both ft account of ot long say i Barbour hee 
ym taking im mutiny 5 

sesiaca tal ales reedved tae Tendon pesto al 





the 
Teter fal of expr ions of gratitude for my havit termed it, ‘steered 
Reece menace itera i 
we the spring of 1799, Capt. Penrose was appointed to ae beautiful: 
seats ‘areil, of 80 guns, which for a short time bore the flag 
symour ; and was then sent off Rochefort, to join a Bit 
Poy Se ‘squadron i in the attempt to destroy five line-of-battle 
ps, ich Ea anchored under the pase af Isle d'Aix. After 
the fal issue of thi ily Pi nace the West. 
Ing ; and in escorting a convoy, 
Pareil were so capes thet she bed: 
carry any during the whole passa, rae Here he re- 
wai te the ‘eath of hi of his ip, in ae 1801; wm this event 
FS ‘wrote 4 concise and affectionate notice of the exeell 
which was published in the Naval Chronicle. 
suffered severely from a. ree de soleil, Capt. Penrose returns 














to in the Carnatic, 74, and ex gre dae domestic rey until 
Fecommencement of hostilities, in 1 Thimnselt stil une 
- to more active service, he accepted che ones anine Padstow 


of sea-fencibles, While in this situation, he had the satisfac~ 

tion of rescuing Mr. Robert Purkis, ee mate ot a 
and the crew of a prize under his a watery gra . 
officer's exertions were next ed tr forth, as Oneatore af the 
‘flotilla at Gibraltar, where his seasonuble union of speed and dis- 
cipline, oes the hardships of a harassing service a handsome: 
from the Britiah ceca ‘testified the aot he was 

Kae yes Be civil community. He was doomed, however, to private 
aj his spirit were wounded by the dissolute conduet, and 


4 near counection, with whom Le hud taken con- 
r= and for whom he bad just procured a Liutenunt's 


ly afterwards was nominated a commissioner of 
revision. uel ena the unk of Rear-Admiral inary 


55 a eee the shores of- 
the rane Neil Bolke ent dene, 
oe: fete y broken ty; fe becasny dosicebla to construct 
a fiboats Aceoes the Adour. But the Was obstacle was the 
Reece den inten’ wee zeal und ski required to en~ 
these Paty most ae pee yates ms daring nt- 
Be mows 208 lives necessarily sus~, 
Meee He erkieed wenhatbe webesie ne _ 





MEMOIR OF 


ibject to such frequent and sudden Boek! te ee 
ies, tat ing marks are available. ‘Thi in the Inet 
three miles of its Tay ae _ppebeten 


2 a, ing the river on nee bank, 


the the beach, ‘afaly 
ron her sn lig ea: Gap: Oly in pits followed, but his boat 
iy men oe ed. Lieut. bam immediately 
‘ich, together yes his ge, proved ex~ 
tae carrying our feanwhile the 
Remind ae flag in the Gleaner ete, directed the advance 
ae tes to the breakers, where, by his 
personal e: he encouraged all to exert themselves to the utmost: 
whilst, to fas litate the arduous service, he sent a Spanish pilot on 
shore, to make signals from within the breakers, since ithout no 
on possibly be descried. It was nearly high water and the 
th officers and soldiers vere on the hei around, 
anxious for the fate of their coadjutors, and the passage cock vessel 
twas cagerly watched, fiom the moment ft was Tomersed mace 
foaming breakers, until it had Sh threaded the tremendous ordeal. 
Some few ea he ed-to, and bp sunk; but on the 
whole, the attempt fully succeeded, and ‘our Admiral’ auecessivel 
received she warmety thanks from Sir John Hope, the Marquis 
Wellington, and Lord Keith; the former of whom even suid, that 
when he saw the flotilla approach the wall of heavy surf,” he regret= 


see on now securely and firmly 
aaa! er by six lines eintnl ies 
‘transversely lashed: and the wi ert Tee cree auch ce- 
lerity that, by the next morning, our 

On tho 27th, ‘Ba Bayonne was wae eng rahe Bert ba 


fone by the main body near 
deaux unprotected ; uy Sitch Bie We, pide gre 
possession of it, The Fos enna a wish that the 
should relieve the advance of the army, by taking per 
the Gironde ; and ised on of most tinfavourable weather, the move~— 
ibservant off ie yilted he endo ting tte an 4 
Ss rant officer himsel i 2 
(Open to flag, two Pi rie six smaller the river. 
‘No line« ieee ship with a8 in had ever nent this diffi- 
cult navigation before,—but with the Petit Neptune in his hand, he 
boldly ventured. Having ever paid the strictest attention to hy 
ioxito details, he had noted the general merits of that book, 
Soe detsranel to trust in jt, On approaching the Citi ae LAE 


SIR CHARLES VINICOMBE PENROSE, K.C.1. 281 


‘come a little anxious to know his exnct position previous to standi 

the iver, when abot Avg ver the Sp fm the battery, pre 
welcome announcement of his being inside the Mauvaise shoal, The 
air with which he took off his hat und returned his acknowledgment 
for the favour, caused that cheerfulness on his decks, which is the cause 


of much energy on service. 
In the mean time a French squndron, consisting of the Regulus, 74, 
‘a corvette, two brigs, and several other yessels, wei; and retreated 


hefore the Admiral, on whom the batteries played in succession : and 
we have been told that this chace, which continued as far as the Tal- 
mont shoul, both jen under every stitch of canvass, was one of the 
SRN PaaatlN Gb cpvel sposacios, "Tha! Prenchys however sakalbad 
Ia eran channel Send ley tossloell arnltpentccie by eaitiany 
Seeigainse thy see Sn taotued taxpieaceii tyre? Oneida oamatony the 
enomy affected to question the fact of the Egmont’s daring to dash 
with ll er gune on bourds—* TF you doubted tha,” aidan English 
ties hy id the Haul 
ae 


On the 29th, a communication was opened with our troops; and find- 
ing that they had caused the garrison of Castillon to retire, the Admi- 
zal removed Bi se: Porcupine, preeied ae the Bag ioe 
‘was actively em| in receiving deputations, catwyn tte 
His, Anxious to fetake Bourdesux, Gonne de Ouen’ (of Mauritius 

») had collected a formidable flotilla in the river Dordogne, 
near where it falls into the Gironde, ‘This force being discovered, was 
seatenEeed port of it was driven on shore, near the citadel of 
Blaye, and totally destroyed ; while a brig, a schooner, six gun-boats, 
ieee” and a superb imperial state-barge, were trium- 
Le Secret preparations were now aay Admiral Pertrose for crossing 

squadron, when ot midnight, 


ly manned and armed, run away 





the Admiral completed the destruction of the forts at the mouth, ani 
the right bank, of i 
the shored off Ze Chay 
wax. Thero he had 
from the sea, i 
1 termination of this important ent ise, the Ad= 


the 

t Passages, to superintend the embarkation of the 
TS and ammunition des for America; aftor which he 
c to England in the Porcupine, and struck hig flag on the’ 12th of 
‘Sepe leit It was, however, rehoisted before the conclusion of that 





and threat the 
‘of war. About this time we paid a to the Admiral and 
/, when a thuuder-storm arising, the main-mast was shivered 
stroke of Jightaing: 
"After the overthrow of Murat, his Majesty Ferdinand IV. embarked 
U.S, Jowan, No, 15. Maxcw, 1830. v 








toe 
ee lee seca met 
; sith bell inthe of Tan 1h, be Behe 3 


to 
Sceatens that measure, the curbing of 
lg ree Exmouth convened the 
re Sir Charles, with the prom: 


Baca Siem of Tunis and Tripoli, 
‘terms obtained, made his Lordship nt Bea we ndditional concessions 
from. 


the Alger fis the hostile aspect of the returning 
dzon, the D smh eal he et aaa Yor 


~ But a circumstance now occurred, which was galling to. the ardent 
and zealous feelings of the Admiral. In executing the embargo j 
mentioned, it happened thot much delay took Piet in extending 
Bona, a distance of three hundred ie, part of which Jay in th date 
passes of the Sebba Rous, where ferocious es oF independe 
Lan who need but to be named toexcite a pera a 
at all times precarious. On the arrival of the Chiaus, it appears 
Ney Christians outnumbered the Turks, there being Jarge parties 
of Sicilian, Neapolitan, Corsican, and Sardinian coral-fishers there. In 
the terror occasioned by the attempt of the garrison of Bona to a a 
order into effect, a scuffle ensned, in which a number was killed 
th sides ; but eens opener the accident, it does not nj 


me 
aie fei ich red pom at Valetta, ne a squadron was 
iting out at , to avenge the insults heaped nj 
fing! This, folie enya ag Ee tell te Sie T. 
Molec b the Governor of Malta, as to Admiral jp who were 
acither consulted, nor informed on the subject ; and who es eee 
new of no insults to the British interests. On the faith, howevery 
he thus saw announced, Sir Charles, with adinirable 


SIR CHARLES VINICOMNE/ PENROSE, K.C.B. 203 


and gallantry of the a jers, 

owe are not decided in our approbation either of its Quixotiam or jus- 
tice. “ What!” methinks same holder of Greek exelaims,— 
justice with infidels?” Yes, “ gentle reader,” we advocate u strict 
to faith, and would not have sought the pretext to earl at 

a which had supplied Gibraltar and the flcet off Toulon, when 


was shut against us, without some eererht: to our 


practice of the world, than from the abst notions of schoolmen, we 
really deplore the chain of events by which the “ Balance of Power,” 
‘thit paramount object of all our exertions, has assumed so adverse a 

iderance. Phen be few who, in admiration of the “ Climo 
‘of the unforgotten brave,” would not have been delighted to behold 
the ion of an Inpgrunvznr Gruxen ; few who would not 


Ob, Freedom ! how grand will thy triumph be now, 

‘After ages of sorrow and gloom, 

‘Should the laurel of Greece be repiacnd on thy brow, 
Renew'd in its brightness and Bloom. 

How glorious thy worship again would nrise 
Oe the thoughas and tuetairte of men, 

Did thy nltar blaze forth beneath Athens’ clear skies, 
‘And Sparta adore thee again,” 


Yet who but enthusiasts, doating on ‘iheginary virtues, and warmed 
( ‘associations, can expect it? We happen to know, that what 
Heeallod the '"Gredk Insurrection was the effeor of Ransina agency 
and » plan of the movements of 1820 was actually shown to as as early 
fo thersumenet of 1B1G.—Tho projects of ae wore furthered. 
force; those: 1c combine the princi mil beer grind 

ion, und ure therefore more ge to the civilized world = 
eames breaths mada instep irst alarm, to 

the Turkish frontict with 150,000 men—the other enabled 














28h MEMOIR OF : 
inealenlabl in the infl hich 

England an able ffs, erating Snfaenen Ww 

now the igi ot the Dardanelles may be deemed to reside in 


erpowering the resources 
of all the other states. Meantime, the same gigantic power is making 
rapid Oriental strides ; and with the barriers of Turkey and Persia 
Je |, British India, with its ninety millions of is open to 
ions Those who imagine local obstacles sufficient to i the 
victorious career of the politic Hyperborean, enjoy a similar delusi 
with those Turks who, in their utter i; py thought 
the Russian fleet could annay them only by way of the Black Sea. 
‘To return to the subject of our memoir. Sir Charles being 
‘et the original institution of the Order of St. Michael and St, Gee 
for the Ionian Islands and Malta, was specially installed first 
Grand Cross thereof, for life ; instead of its being conferred only during 
‘his command, us intended for all succeeding admirals on that station. 
Shortly afterwards his second daughter, Charlotte, was married to 
‘Mainwaring, of the 10th Foot, both of wham died without leaving issue: 
‘and subsequently his eldest daughter was united to Capt, John Coode, 
“OLB, who was then commanding the flag-ship. 
‘The term of our officer's command oun 
the whole station. The feeling of the Captains of the squadron was 


carried the architectural relics of Leptis it, to England, a pragma~ 
tical officer of the staff waded te Egyption wae whip, and 
drawled forth, “ Memnon, eh! pry who was he?’—* You eannot 
have forgotten the famous Turkis! figs," said the Admiral, with a pe~ 
culiar look—* you must have heard of Aga-Memnon !" , 

Sir Charles retired to his seat of Ethy, near Lostwithiel, where he 
continued till his death, He now experienced the full value of the 
attention he had, at various times, bestowed on Natural History, Na+ 
mismatics, and Antiquities, in each of which branches he had ed 
interesting and rare collections, Nor was he Jess alive to other pur~ 
suits; he was one of the most scientific navigators of his ay, andy 
‘moreover, possessed a decided literary tuste. fromm abe not 
published much, and did not sacrifice to the caligraphical graces, he 
‘was an admirable correspondent: and to show the lively vigour of his 


‘mind, even in retirement, we subjoin of a letter, recerved about 
five months before the world had closed on his career, 
We are in the midat of the finest foliage T ever saw, not a leaf’ been 


injured by storm or blight since the opening buds allowed their issue to the nir, 
—and and flowers are in the utmost luxuriance. f was to observe 
‘that you enumerated a garden as one of your pursuits, beeause | have long felt 
‘the pleasure it affords, suid there can be ino wal xjoyment ‘without occupation 
for overy minute.” **** “1 have not yet seen the United Service Journal, but 


SIR CHARLES VINICOMBE PENROSK, K.C.0. 


285, 

bookseller’s bookseller can ity tes sree ta tear oa 

naa a sac better ii ioral rot other, than they have 

Serer ete, Sian ol win uatome 
sf cto a Sask 





veficial stam 


a 
Fl 
Se 
a 
Riese 
3 
re 
3 
x8 


zie fa the nan 





has just gone Leribe ie ae 
igen tie ieee mr 
mapidly. Ae have, ya meee 
eight of year hong 1 "cannot “oat Hs ‘You wma 
ieee de re ee joi 
‘mov 
ee ERE ae pete 
fou had & son old «1 
of sending forth the 
‘of the country."*#** 

“You are of course avare that my nephewlo-law, Dr. Armold, i raking 
‘reat: progress with Thucydides ; and Rogby 3 may tot 
Anterrupt the publication. L know not wi ieee, ya fe. ever 

cages ‘attention, but Amold has. ond into the matter, 
it lens hte. anent hi ‘oars than one man 
Reet d aliees nal ae i mech oe teenie 
several banks of oars, ae ‘bot oral mean Ger above tier,—a Lilipu- 
tian crew could not have used such Brobdignngian mnchines. A litle work 

Howell, is cutious on this subject. Soot te ay Sm howe, dificult to 

D states, it whil 
Senwleoeer et bot invested’ pesdle-ohtel, hare exits 8 adel OF pene | 
a Roman galley thus fited, and worked by oxen, in a Inge walking wheel I 
4 among you coins and medals, you can nd a gulie with more han ove er of 


1 shall be glad to be informed though I suppose the 
fat addeoesed you on that head. In my small collection 1 ean find none such, 
_ <wliat T haviy show like a ter of whore oars along the walat or waste z-and it 
some, ashe Feliiar of Heian, anor two oa the forecaatle ai poop. 
‘was obilined to neglect my coins even before T had tolerably arranged 
they injured my ayes, but these ane sow grown young 
fabood you will xiy-—and 1 have thoughts of awakening the dormant 





a 
Rel Canty aes Soe 


good 
fhe wonders of the srry sh wih 1 strument; but many a it 
Pera hieeed for successive my old I's achromatic, on, 
ebule of Orion, now rendered 0 “Ph ‘important by Bec 
relate of a new uve into the trapezium. 


olarged ideas respecting similar appearances ond T kept 
Ge gating, in hopes tat | stiould Facer eed Renegade bon 
as by a clearer light, I could Look through the blue into more die- 
tant the raf even me ay apply expr to 
: i ions. Tt is long since any old Dollond wos pointed at the 
eee aor sighs Basra will, Ba melted: by your interesting in~ 
_ formation. Your been thrown pr ‘is not fully bop 
ciated j and T {eased orm vc cha enti conversy that 
the intell you have from time to time afforded Soman a aes oE 
hart a well an act of Kindness, 1 shout carly have the highest e>= 


ie 


in seeing tho stellar with, the cof which appear to: 
ina ein an age 


; Twill a 
enh pe tS not rng T ah dy exec tat Lay Cea, 
wt Sesser ioctecity its resgesiine a 


—_— 











286 THR CALMUC BATTLE-SONG. 


i remember I long told. you that T thought we ou; ht to consul 
the atmosphere forsmany of the ating ofthe tar . 
Sir Charles continued to enjoy health ae ee even beyond 
ii id jones to last Epopet an mele te joorfully joined somo of 
he family in the good old haga babar 
SS ee acanbinen JAS sal ce aped din 
took, ect measures. Alas! in vaini on the 
shortly after midnight, b shag sffectlon 
which Nimed ie medical art. 7 Divine mercy was, Lomerer + fo fur extend 
ed, that although the Diow was sufficiently severe to announco the 
coming crisis, it yet allowed him to prepare for the awful alternative. 
His voice, intellect, and countenance, remained unchanged ; and be was 
able to ex] his entire reliance on a Saviour's mediation. His 
worldly a fe were all in in order, 80 that a few calm words sufficed for 
retin ; he afterwards named and blessed his relatives and friends, 
where he is oor ec = cores 


nown and a) Mae obs dint cowinenry atl 
his acquaintances have lost a pleasing friend, the service an ex] 
officer, and the King o fii al, ter and upright subject. 


THE CALMUC BATTLE-SONG. 
wy 21D PARROT. 
‘Orr! off! L hear the battle-call— 


Th reaths ies 
OM! off! for bark! the it eomes 
Wahieectmr ar eae 
nom who quail in sucha hour 
‘May eurses reach the ala 
Who ands Deneth the Chin's pomed 
Be bis the eoward's grave— 


His tent i woman never share, 

Rest children call him sire; 

Biny Mod and fin be is fr, 

ated rie expe 

For wo contend for noble things— 
‘Thoughts which ean lend the spirit wings ! 
Aveay ! away! the desert plain 

Weiner fe beaten 
And when we reach our wonts 

‘We shall have are our . 
Gn, Tartare! to the hal fa 
' ‘The cores i sak aoeny 1 ewhy? = > 
Crayon Rarracks, 2:00 Ton, 


TWO MONTHS RECOLLECTIONS OF THE LATE WAR 


IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 
bY A PmivarE soLorER, 
To the Eilitor of the United Service Journal. 

Ma. Rorrox,—L enclose you, with this, rather a singular paper, It is the 
GeeIDstree waa da-yed to tho ealunis eas wousdek ag ee yreiear ORE 
‘ight, and is now living on his pension in Cumrickforgus. It is written down by 
a0 of his friends from his own dictation, and soems to me to contain zome most 
vivid picturos, partioularly the scenes at Badajoz and Albuers. It bas beon sent 
to mo with a request to forward it, and I can'give you an unreserved assurance, 

itcontains no oxtmets or plagiariams, but if virtually the production of 
a strong-minded, though uneducated, individual. = 
Your obedient survant. 
J. Emgnsor. 


On the 17th March, 1611, the fourth division of the grand army, 
under the orders of Gen. Sir Lowry Cole, entered Thomar, a city in 
ell 9 which had been evacuated only two days before by the 
French. ' As our regiment was truly Irish, and this day the one dedi- 
cated to [reland’s national Suint, our music struck up Patrick's day, 

awakened our recollections in no common manner. Thou 
drenched and cold with the wet of the preceding night, which we had 
a in the fields without any covering, except our blanket, we moved 
foo ube the muddy streets, and the most tired and 





were for a time enlivened by the sounds of this fayourite step. 
The seal of this day inging with it so many recollections of 
home, had for some tim nne & subject at exneeal interest, though, 

ere was little chance of 





through the corridors and cells of the cloisters from a thousand hoarse 

‘On the fol! we strolled through the city, evi of 
erasing, dy wo Cenk than it Se he 
convents and churches standing were without either door or windows, 
and fragments of their altars were lying about, balf-burnt or broken: 
and a mutilated image of the Virgin, or some Suint, frequently met our 


288 «TWO MONTHS RECOLLECTIONS OF THE LATE 


useful, they were found filled with dead, in different stages of putre~ 
faction, one glance of which commonly deterred farther search in that 


Having arranged matters for our farther progress, on the 1th we 
et eae Tne of forming a junction with the second di- 
vision of our . ‘The country through which we passed on this 
day, exhibited « fearful scene of desolation from the excesses of the 
enemy, by whom it had been occupied the preceding winter. Neither 
man hor beast was to be seen, though, from the ruins of houses and 
olive plantations, it had evidently been inhabited until lately. Of the 
many stone and wooden crosses set up near the roads, not one was 

ing. From the size and se of the former, their demoliti 
must have been a work of labour, and could have answered no 
purpose, but must have incensed the inhabitants still further ngainse 
the French, who were never mentioned without visible horror and 


excerations. 
In the evening we passed the river Tagus by a bridge of boats, and 








halted for the night on a rising ground nearly two miles from 

se Ina cctped soe Our phices' of balcing: were alleys called by che baat 

- nee ipments, but ie deserved al name, 2 froin the diffe 
of transporting equipage, not more than six or eight tents appear 

py A Sxeeeean Be fancy thousand! wens? Whee obliged 

fatigue to lie down, we wrapped our blankets about our bodies, pl 

our for a pillow. When in the neighbourhood of au enemy, 


none were permitted to take off their belts till clear daylight, before 
which time we isers stood ce arms for about Chee: 

After crossing the ‘Tagus, the country assumed a different aspect, as 
it had not been visited by the French the jing winter, and suffer- 
ed comparatively little from the contending urmies. We again saw 
human faces besides our own ; and though long used to scenes of deso= 
Jation and misery, none were more truly so than in the country mear 


a. 
Arriving at Portalegre, a large walled town with towers on its ram= 
parts, but dismantled, we halted for one day, and were served out with 
a kind of shoes made in the country. They were very clumsy, and of a 
‘buff colour; and as many amongst us were without stockii 
their rough seams soon made their wearers hobble like so many 
‘The religious houses here were numerous and magnificent ; in 
Tobserved a large and richly-adorned figure of the i 
from any [hud yet seen, In one hand she held a 
and in,the other a gilt. spear, with whieh she a 
In the same church were also numerous images of saints, adorned in a 
‘manner nearly as splendid,—a certain proof that the French had not 
lately visited this place. We here learned that the enemy were in 
force at Campo-Mayor, for which place we immediately set forward, 
Near Arronches, a small town half-way between Portalegre and Cam- 
‘po-Mayor, we joined the socond division, and soon after were met. by 





WAR IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 289 


Marshal Beresford, with part ents of British and Portuguese 
cavalry, and he immediate! nnd te ee 
About two miles from jayor, we halted under cover of a 
wood, and the 13th drgoons os pce siete to endeavour to learn 
the state of the enemy in that town, ‘They soon discovered that tl 
had evacuated the place, and were making « precipitate retreat to 
. But the s, in their ardour of pursuit, forgetting their 
great dis i of numbers, made a vigorous — drove in their rear 


were fame arben ry having ae the inhabitants of the town before 
ite evacuation, In the evening, our division entered hey temmihr 
which had been but a short time before taken from the 
militia; the breach mude in its walls rin, See siege was eens yet re= 
paired, and scarcely a honse remained which aid. no ‘not bear evident 
marks of the ‘sflecta of the enemy's shot and shells. We were quarter- 
ed in the shattered dwelling-houses; the greater part of which were 
inhabitants, and, as was customary on similar occasions, we 
commenced a Gilgeat march for victuals or articles of value, Where 
l-floors were raixed, and the ceilings torm 
down, without effect, when at Jength some hama were discovered in a 
Gaceralli in a corner of a kitchen ; a few silver spoons, also found in 
‘the same recess, were quickly bartered for wine, and a fire being now: 
made with the furniture, our fatigues were for a time ten in 
‘the noise und luxury of the fess We halted here for w days, 
during which many of the inhabitants wha had been eccretad4 in the 
‘woods or ei geome roturned to their desolate homes. They eae 
to be in great (Lecce riper Rep arpa storie 
balling ass co et] Redicstsie? in ® day or two confidence was so 
ished, that a kind of market was held, but wine, with 
ft ee the only. erties ae ie aioe = here left. a 
ivision, an thr a desolated a country, ontere 
Elvas. This Lp beta rising ground, pacts ly fortiied, and 
are timrige Without the walla are two rts 5 the 
and stands on a high and steep hill, above a 
Sas the bipee. Is of the city. The water that supplies the inhabit~ 
ants, ix conveyed by an aqueduct near three miles in length; in our 
ame thither, that portion of it extending from the brow of a hill, 
foros n valley to tho ramparts of the city, had a most striking and 
romantic appearance. his fortress, and the country in its immediate 
epee ies been free from the ce of the French for some 
the effects of the war which had desolated the greater part of the 
ae site ‘The rel See my ote 














eiiont ‘aren ware the “ea net at 
really at no great distance. Halting several days, weagnin set forward: 


TWO MONTHS RECOLLECTIONS OF THE LATE 


‘EEE 
ee 
aly 
Ln 
ail 
breil 
in 
He 
if 


ifr 
fies 
i 


ny ee mmpeana ss Spas remained 
‘bunk till the following day. We ti ground 
laege Pee ay about two males pa the 

to 


usual; and 
few of us ali to 

behind the 
officers. Having in some degree satisfied 


‘the report ofa musket close by aroused our attention. This was 


eEETEEERES 
ey 
a pal 
eres 
ant 2 
une 
helt 
Fiat 
az ee 
ERLE; 
32 & 
E 

FE 


i 
; 
i 
i 
3 
i 
i 
F 


Palle 
a 
208 

my 4 
ie 
tat 
ger 
i:f 
iit 


" resounded. from men of several nations. The noises from 


Presently the firing became less saat, and after a 
gle, which had 
ard at intervals, also oe away, all was again silent, except 

the calls of the sentinels, and the bum of the people in our camp. 

‘The cause of the alarm not having as yet been discovered, we re~ 
mained under arms till morning, passing our time in surmises as 
to the origin of all this confusion, which was afterwards understood to 
have arisen from the following cause. A strung detachment of the 

cavalry, under the guidance of a Spani succeeded in 


Spy, 
surprising and taking prisoners a patrol of Portuguese ho 
Sears darvard alwat tr miles on thc reed to Bacajon, athe Hous 


Drugoons, un= 
, who had just alighted from patrel= 
ling, and were feeding their horses. Emboldened by their successes, 








precipitation. The shots heard chiefly proceeded from 
‘our sentinels at the outposts, who had been alarmed by the sounds of 
the bugle, and the trampling of the enemy's horses a they retreated. 
It did not that any person had been killed in this rencontre, 
‘but a few of the dragoons who eseaped during the confusion were 


severely wounded. ory 
Oar ghia day the cenielodec of gus dinisia.arosvea thactveny cnleiat 
Meee eke atis We Oars sieael eae se thea 
held by the to which we luid siege, We were stationed near 
a grove of olive-trees, with orders not to injure them ; but when it was 


é WAR IN SPAIN AND roRTuGaL. 29r 


ufterwards discovered that the owner wus in the service of the 
the trees were cut down for firing, for which purpose this wood exeela 
all others. Batteries were and no sooner did our cannon open 
Saree Sos uae iey SSE Gat Sok UEC to capi- 
valate; but, their terms not being accepted, the firing was aaa 
and in u few hours they surrendered premers ofa vrs aes Sig 
amounted to only about 360 effective men. 
our lines, a few of them were dishurthened A us ee Rootes 8} 
but they were destitute of any thing of value; the Frenchmen sccret~ 
money, trinkets, or the in « kind of belt worn next the skin. 
Hen tents of a Frenchman's kaapsick was to us always an object of 
pein; in it we were almost certain of finding some plunder taken 
from the inhabitants, as shirts, shoes, stockings, and even needles and 
thread ; still, if alarmed or on a retreat, he wae almost certain 
of instantly vel rarege is burden ; while, under similar circum- 
stances, we rarely threw off ours, however trifling might be its contents. 
‘About the 18th of April, we moved for the village of St. Martha, 
where we encamped for several days. Our brigads ignde gain setting out, 
we Fetraced our steps, crossing the Guadiana at eit yee 
passing Elvas and Cam Mayes halted nt Montijo, a small 
_ He'Bpanish province of Htremadars, ‘The Freeh bad bat lately 
abandoned iF wee and the patesents eek incr pe their: rele rae 
the cruelties an essions im : 
<_ was their jealousy 0 ei us Merotlcal ott gers, that neither stone 
ill was evinced towards us for thelr d deliverance. heb a 
feo was exactly similar to that experienced in e other part of 
Spain; they were haughty, distant, and suspicious. en we were 
in their houses, they continued peg eon! reserved, though the 
only favonr ever obtained from them leave to lie on their floors, 
we usually removed without exchanging a kind look or salutation. 
On the slightest dispute, or alleged , they hastened to inflict 
summary vengeance with their favourite weapon pon, the knife; and ce 
duty pith ther their mee it was evident, from their sullen “Tooks, that 


were far from ding ux a8 friends. 
tee and gs of the Portuguese towards os were very 
different. place were ever on the elert to ail our approach 
ir joy by loud and repeated 
Shs of Ls ete Be HEM? chen, Boe hee edaanblsatates 
See ae = ie hd wre Both 
jowever, af ps sunie in ‘grossest: TANCE, 
and eqnally the ie ars of religious ity and and superstition, of which 


some ams us from our 
as dt Hwan dered at noe of pr try wen ed 


ho it that-th from. 5 
ai ot on i yale we gl amen Ca Such nde 
followed on their part by some kind office; but 


spin cl Sie isn it it became oe Ay eo 
Ses were sometimes 


bee of gross ae 


292 TWO MONTAS RECOLLECTIONS OF THE LAT 





‘a great measure corrected ; and as far as regarded this pious manasuvre, 
any incorrigible Betetica became truly“ good. Christi We 
afterwards proceeded to improve on m MMi Reece 3 
that our regiment was 9 select body of the fuithful, the true chu: 
it, the especial servants of o great convent in Ireland, raised to 
‘war against those infidels, the French, To remove all doubts of the 
truth of this statement, we referred ta the rude figure of « castle* on 
‘our breast-plate, as the mansion of our revered Hse ae which usually 
a ewlse meet 
‘the common people were to cortain names, especially to that 
Antonio, the name of a MeaiyRencered Suint, in this sainted country 5 
and soon the number of those who bailed each other by that name, ex 
ceeded all the other names in bur regiment. 

‘The agriculture of those cobntries appeared miserably defective ; the 
— aan Sine rp aiei ie beets ean 
ru ‘iption; and the soil, ti sandy, or of a 
was so im) ly cultivated, that the surface seemed merely scratch- 

|. Their ploughs were without iron, or any other metal, having only 
‘one handle, and so truly simple, as to resemble a branch off 
tree, with the end for turning over the earth, pointed with a hatchet or 
knife. We often wits men going out to labour, carrying the 
plongh under the arm, and driving before them the bullock or cow, to 
‘which one of those sorry instruments was to be attached. Their har- 
rows were entirely of wood; we never observed either spade, shovel, 

ipe, or any implements likely to answer for similar purposes. In & 
ww places in the northern parts of yhen the earth was heavy, 
they turned it over with a kind of hoe ; and in one instance, 1 number 
of men were scen raising a rich loamy ground, with iron prongs fastened 
Sa itkes Abend three tor LnvTenglty hove persone Mack Sahl Bake 
forks together into the earth, and turned over the sod with the like 
union of strength. They were followed by women, who, with wooden 
mallets, broke the large lumps or clods thus cast over. ‘The process of 
ating their groin from the straw, was performed in an ly 
primitive manner, being trodden out by the feet of cattle, Bullocks, 
ae Sains =e ra minately * eee burps the work 
com) wir drawing over the in, A massy bourd, 
the adler side of which is loaly set with fiery tase! dn pete dis 
tricts, Indian corn is the chief grain grown: after a few cars have been 
extracted Sete os ae the others are pressed out by women rub= 
Bing two heads vigorously against euch other. 

4 are equally deficient in the most common nécessaries of house- 
hold use. In all our wanderings in either kingdom, we never saw an 
heap, pan, bellows, spinning-wheel; or check reel. Their substitates 

former, were small earthen pots called penellas, which ie 
ut the sides of the fire, Laie 3 ‘them about occasionally to the bi 
us , a brass pun culled a Their 














* The badge of the 27th, or Enniskillen Regiment, 


WAR IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 203 
Jong reed. Tn dopant they use their distaff; and for a reel, 
they have w ee stick with a knob at ench end. Their 
as ns can i wrought by 
females. The houses of the syn ea in both kingdoms are 
mostly tiled, and those ia Portugal without chimneys, the amoke be 
Jeft to find its way tl the roof, Firing is scurce and dear, 
pahet Mien vill f cial 

the country towns and villages of Portugal, al 
in the northern provinces, the common people were sunk in the aw 
ee pverty. In ele Lovels were ey beds, me 
le lying on mats, without any covering except the filthy 

Meeting the day’ Thelr oliet food wey cones Uread; waders, 
or Indian meal, kidney beans, pickled olive-berries, dried figs or grapes, 
and sometimes a few potatoes. If in their power to procure Se 
used a portion of olive-oil at each meal. We frequently observed them 
pour some of this oil into a caldera, and cutting down turnip-tops, kid~ 
ney beuns, and a few slices of potatoes, stir all together, and after heat- 
ing the compound sometime ou the fire, sit down to this frugal meal-as 
cheerful as the wealthy to the most Inxurious feast. 

‘The condition of the peusantry in Spain was evidently much better, 
their houses wero generally clean and whitewashed ; many of them lay 
on beds raised off their floors, and their persons were usually free from 
that disgusting filth so common among the poorer Portuguese, for whom 
Nature appeared’ to have done much, their rulers nothing. 

“Though those nations were so very contiguous, of the same faith, 
and at this period engaged in one common warfare, against an enemy 
whom they mutually detested, yet their soldiers maintained the most 
inveterate animosity towards each other. Even when serving in the 
field, it wus evident from their looks that their rooted hostility was not 

ten for one moment. They studiously avoided one another, and 
if they uecidentally met, they were sure to exchan; robriows names, 
and sometimes it required all the influence of their officers to restrain 
the animosity that raged between them. On any dispute arising be- 
tween us and the Spaniards, the Portuguese ulways our 
cause; if any difference occurred with ns and the Portugese, the 
‘niards looked on with indifference, taking no interest in our squabbles. 

At this season, the country in the vicinity of Montijo was teeming 
‘with luxuriant crops of wheat, barley, and (Arte the latter were so 
far advanced as to be nearly ripe. Indeed, the Spanish pensan 
rarely loft their homes, wee the cultivation of their lands, an 
‘troul ‘not themselves with the issue of the contest, waiting coldly 
to nee who would be the victors. We several times witn them 
my in the avocations of the field, between the contending armies, 

moving uside when the hostile columns were about to close 
anid renew their bloody warfure. 

While at Montijo, we were served with gonts’ flesh, unsavoury both 
in its taste and smell; and to remedy its rankness, the beans near the 

‘wore made a constant auxiliary. For acveral days their owners 

but little attention ; but, perceiving it was likely there would be 

end to our visits while the beans lasted, they lost all patience, and 
wok their measures accordingly. A rmber of them watched together 
in the fields with long poles, and on our approach, they pointed to fields 





SERVICE APLOAT ~ 


SERVICE APLOAT DURING THE LATE WAR®  ~ 
BEING THE PXNSODAL NAKKATIVE OF A NAVAL OFFICER, 


Tx was about the middle of August when our skeleton fleet reached 
the Channel, an event which, after a tedious woldom fails to 
rise to the most agreeable emotions. But the felicity which the first 

ight of the chalky cliffs now inspired was, with the many, strongly 

syed by the apprehension and anxiety occasioned by the 

that a hot press was carrying on along the coast and up the river. 
‘Chis we soon found was not ex: ted. So indiscriminate was the 
seizure, from the sudden ity for seamen to man the numerous 
ships-of-war nt this moment either in commission, or in course of 
ly chance for all those in the least liable to be 

polaniieaniesine ot tices hurpies of the fleet, was 

says neither protections, indentures, 





ordinary mode of secreting themselves, customary on 
ships ; retreating to the hold, where arrangements for the purpose are 
farariend made by ‘ing coverts when stowing the cargo. In effect- 
this, ‘tls almost incredible $i Hs risk | privation these mest 
sometimes submit; squecaing themselves into casks, creeping into 
holes, where, according to circumstances, they are exposed ot pros 
confinement, and the consequent chances of suffocution ; 
when the search is very keen, sometimes submitting unflinchingly to 
‘the no less threatening risk of wounds inflicted with the bayonet, or 
cutlass, made use of in probing the cargo, empty cusks, or any suspi= 
cious nook or cavity, great was, at this period, the deep-rooted 








Fepugnance, amount numerous instances to an insurmountable 
tuipathy, with which the idea of serving in n King’s ship was contents 
plated. “Of this, though 


must be, which could produce iy on the minds of m 
bial for their indifference to ‘the most. appaling, s 
their unparalleled paticnce ond endurance under the most try~ 


* Continued from page 179, 


DURING THE LATE WAR. 295 





‘to the improvement of 
a then le er th ua of the Lord 
of the present head and Board of Admiralty ; 

mg ere ee ony ome me Srisaa WE, 





rhapiy in as much greater a degree the capabilit; 
chepprecietine i ih ua tlicy heve the neath of lnfloensing ie destinies 
of our sea-girt empire, whose first and most natural protection must, 
while ocean flows around her, ever be her “ Hearts of Oak” and her 
“ Wooden Walls “—I'return to vag hoa 

favoured unfortunates, to whom, 


forward. as sea is to the youthful and robust, confirming the old 
ri “the we st.go to the wall.” Of those left to brave the storm. 
on present occasion, some had protections, ane or two indentures, 
some were “ hard bargains,” which the present furnished 2 convenient 
portunity of getting rid of; and bowever I might be classed among 
or how far my situation on board might be supposed to ie 
tee my safety, fenling: perfectly indifferent t the matter, I did not 
give myself the trouble vo inquire. 
We reached the Downs on cig nat 2st of Aug. and the anchor 





was to the ground, when redoubted press-boats sheeri 
side, a two smart youngsters, midshipmen from his ‘Me 
Jesty’s frigate ; the oldest apparently not more than sixteen, 


who with the imperious haueur und consequence xo natural to youth, 





* Ry his apa onder in council, of June 1824, a new scale of victualling hax 
‘bewa intiyduced oa of our ships, which-inswres an allowance to the seatwan that 
an bout, And sone salutary regulations, inosing retmicts on the 


wolimited diseretios indlict corporal. 
rich aban, have tampered she severity of dsepiae. 


, feom the erations which the subject involves, itis ote 
as any modiaton, which 


: 
ue 


i 





1g 

Fall 

al 
fe 
fi 


i 
i 
Hi 





a3 
a3 
Be 
i 

4 
i 
i 


soaman. Bo 
Leia and disinclination ta the servier, nay be traced tor 
iif, as the old * one is 


2] 
al 
iG 
: 
& 
it 
EEE: 
i 
i 
= 
id 


& 
# 


ia 
‘Buch i the farce of babit, that with the suparior pro- 
of-war over every other class of voesol, the greater number 
riod of service would be well satisfied fo renew it. 








208 SERVICE AFLOAT 
hen. 


vs ncoslonally clothed with “a init eden z +3 
‘ip’s articles, zr to muster, ‘g company. 
2s wo ing on Arid nar wan made eb tnd re 


overhauled, pt a Saree IY no IneaNs | tssred of Mier a 
pulous on the score of iadentures, age, or even save the 
maimed neat ‘individuals 





5 


mutilated, or to naturalizntion-one or two 


myself, in spite of some remonstrances ‘representations on the } 
OR ig pre Reetienpea peas jos vegan rd 

boats. are 
Behold me then fairly enlisted, and for the first time on board of a 
‘man-of-war—a somewhat inauspicious commencement, it must be con~ 
|. Having been placed on board the Tulloch Castle merely for 
the home, un uffair of seldom more than five or six it 
was not thought necessary to incur the expense of a useless outfit of 
murine clothing, and, it being seine was taken to the frigate in a 
‘costume not quite in harmony with the class of which I so suddenly 

found myself one; for although in reality there was nothing parti 

or remarkable in the contrast of « somewhat i 


inion, bad it not somewhat too dearly purchased, 

For be forchnth stationed me in the main-top, one of the tabet active 

berths in a man. of-war; and one which, is ‘ing a practical know- 

ledge of the general duties of a seaman, the helm, the lead, &e, neither 
‘my youth, strength, nor experience was much fitted for. 2 

iliarity of my situation, and the representations of the Com- 


obliged CRO, 
owing to the quarter-deck being superabundantly filled with 
fe : op Pa the first t experi plse 4 


DURING THR LATE WAR. 207 


} ti 
sey ra violations of Seed and the many mortifications ot 7 
ts, 


le, in exam 
Sessa fot reach th ae ui ce ai 
oh 
e even 
coup tit, which even ! 


Seenes mies Sa and amon; a talowsbip vo 


nut 
a 


the imagination, jaced an 
Tn'eplte of the i le a pry ri ‘orl of ay te 
of feeling, to whi mets be added the ee. not one 
rip ees ofmy: Gone it tagecre Pah a af 
lows” with which, accor 
adage, ook us uogiainted,” among. chests 
Jeft me little ition to court that “ first of Nature’s 
restorers, balmy sleep ;” ioe T well remember, that with 4 curiosity 
by. the enrsory glance T had jnst snatched, when all was hushe 
t Ursa ge Ie a: SACD TARA Re eo Ta 
which had so unexpectedly transi 
"Twas pnst midaight ; the moon wen i: te fall, wan oll ahining 
rightly. Not breath of alr Uipisdia er tranalucent wave which re 
flected her beams, and not u sound was heard save the rippling of i 
tide against the bows of the ship, or at intervals the “ a wel elo 
sentinela ofsome distant vessel. All was repose above and be! 
sentrics, a as will ayers then be the case in harbour i ‘a the i se 
lated. ships, aj ‘be nodding on their posts, and the officer an 
qalteielitie: wadbube! either sister belows¢e solace. Suamaslioe wit 
oes Pi alow phe of a middle watcher, or were tranquilly coi 
between the carromdes stealing ‘a nap, or Hstlessly lounging ner over 
iDRear ad or hawmocl nettings, absorbed in those walkin, came nae 
und the scene was so calculated to engender. 
a hy the events of the Just twenty-four ie oe 
with admiration the arrangement "which sersaiationd h 
tout tee white and ample decks ; those. proudly wie 
colossal masts, the trimness of the rigging, “the Beesiel files 
those: engines of destruction, bristling forth from her var- 
‘sides ;—and, when to all this was associnted the halo which gave 
the magic gilding and secret charm to the whole,—the proud ie 
nence and well-earned fame of the British Navy,—a thrill of enthu- 
siaxm made me forget the humble part 1 was iting fn the scene, and 
dissipated for the moment the depression which my present cireum- 
stances were so well aes yd to occasion. ‘The M—— was a crack 
easel 000 ofthe eae 0 in the service,—she was in full cruising 
and a perfect model of her class; need J say that the effect upon 
‘me was proportionate. 
While Flares the result of a communication with my friends, my 
Rams ie the in-top was no dinecure, ‘Thnailp belo tecently cant. 
arene exercise of the crew became necessary, and 
tote Hientenant being rather a “taut hand," we had plenty of reefing 
U,S.Jouny. No. 15. Mancu, 1930, x 


H 
i 





ae 
ne 





= 


2 
i 


Hl 





= 


298 SERVICE AFLOAT 


ee. iis ceases ot abe mstch fa: whhn livia 
was the beau ideal of a derongh jorougli-bred man-of-war's-man, 
= of Sores genuine pons of Neptune, whose element is so peculiarly 
petactrast E, with the page propensities of other salt water 
mals, ‘migrations seldom extend far inland; a fair specimen # 
rarely to be found so high up as London Bridge, but, ta be :aeait 
ey it for be ity Sitti in the pein of Py mouth 
ee ee they are, or were before the 
SE a ee, ible from ordinary tars 
by a tie Bee \ing down totheir emens of the diameter kab ere | 
ee ike. Hewas one of those smart, active, fearnought fellows, who, 
ow high or low, scorning the ordinary and safer route by the hawser, 
Ba out to the enring, saltering the interval between su the igging and ae 
arm at a hound to reef or furl, and who exacted from those under 
corresponding agility. Although instances of undaunted deface of 
dangers the a gies 80 characteristic of the on _ in the 
pet pea ion of their: = oer yet have =e 


les of it than were sometimes exh: 


pa iipwtoa ew i peal 
the main-top-sail-yard in the slings,.and al the heavy lurching 
of the ship, ed rot the two extremities ther with a con- 
thi eae to any one who aoe ee the 
temerity to venture out, seeing this individual 
a hundred feet above the dec jerked to and with a lc 
retaining his position at the earing with an eactonlty wee 

‘the astonishment and admiration of all on ‘d. “This ie Bl Bill 
Lear he called himself, did not allow the 
Me feete Ste (or other dary ai ot, perhaps, frie oe me Tere 
much time to chew the cud of irksome suspense, or for tlie fa 
sombre reflection. 
‘Our ship was one of the numerous squadron® employed on the block- 


* The following may be taken as a toleratly correct list of the force and class of 
vessels employed on this service at the latter end’ of 1803 and 1804. 


















ne of bate | Vines and Stooge of 
‘Ships. ria eee, | War, &c. 








Bow 
Yemels, 








Arumortalte Vesnvin» 
Ted ‘Tarvaras 





DURING THE LATE WAR. 299 


ade and observation off Boulogne Sur Mer, the principal rendezvous 
for which was the Downs, or the agua shelterless auch: of 
unger; the whole were under the slit command of “Admiral 
Keith, whose flag was on board the Monarch of 74 guns, and of 
Rear-Admiral Louis, in the rd, 50. A division of these, forming 
a detached or flying squadron of the lighter vessels, frigates, sloops of 
‘war, brigs, and cutters, of which we were one, wus under the immedi- 
orders of that active and enterprizing officer Commodore Owen, in 
the Immortalité, and the service on which it was employed, parti- 
calarly the brigs and small craft, was one of unceasing vigilance and 
exertion. " 
‘The range of coast immediately under our surveillance included that 
partaf tc on either side of Boulogne, from Cape Griznez, four lengua 
the eastward, nearly to Saint Valery, west ; but the focus of all 
our operations, and the general rendezvous for our ships, was off the 
former town. 

On this point the attention of all Europe, but more especially of 
peer: was ace oe ‘the most intense incon a 
it , in which not only those, but more or less every other 
ore inthe ipieies wore pe-hepay"concetaedl was ebikie euBe. shes 
ed. Boulogne was the portal from which the greatest warrior of 
the age, one whose career had hitherto been but a rapid march from 
victory to victory ; whose gigantic undertakings had never yet failed,— 
the modern Cusar, was (! the same spot us his illustrious proto- 
») to debouch at the head of legions flushed with conquest, to 
the invasion and subjugation of ourisle. A flotilla of upwards 
ofa id sail, praums, brigs, lugger-rigged gun-boats and trans 
ports, were already collected in its harbour, exhibiting a forest of masts; 
And on the surrounding heights were encamped the redoubtable army 
which they were intended to transport. The cliffs to the eastward, as 
far as Cape Griznez, and to the westward to Point D'Alpret, bristled 
with cannon, the thunders of which resounded to the opposite shores 
Dover, and were unceasingly heard whenever the weather permitted, 
ppocaitles ofered of Feconmotring or interoepting the conveys 
ts continually arriving from the different ports. ‘These 
Kept v0 close to the shore, that to attack them with any chance of Huc- 
cess, we were necessarily exposed to the fire of the batteries; they 
allowed us to approach unmolested as near as we thought fit, 
it we hove to or stood off, they vomited forth thelr show 

ers of shot and shells, 


‘to this period, Boulogne, eclij ieularly durin, nee, by 
is rat neighbour Calais, Se Ney oF earns 
between the latter and England, could boast but ofa very indifferent 


harbour, formed by the estuary of the little river Laine, nearly dry at 


th century, it quddenly assumed an air of bustle, and became the 

theatre of int ‘ing events—the harbour being widened, and both 

‘banks tined with quays, had a bridge thrown over it—moles were con- 

structed, and a Seeks basin dug. Vimereux, a few miles to the 

‘North-east, was formed into a smi ; and Ambleteuse, adjacent, 
x2 


300, RERVICK AFLOAT 


was enlarged. At the same time, to conduce to tho so~ 
ay the port and roads, the to on account of the 

crossctides, is ever difficult, seven or eight were form- 
ed at low water on the san . 


gun-brigs, and the remain 
Fac esters those at tis merss Ambleteuse, Calais, and 
grand total of 2293 sail, intended to transport SES EAB sex, Sooke 
seamen, and 9059 horses. ‘The praams were ship-rigged, one 
and ton feet long, twenty-five hae: Sear only seven ae ht feet, 
of water, and mounting twelve long twenty-four pounders 
three long twenty-fours, and an eight-inch howitzer, and ‘the. J 
one pera bes and a ete rem The whole divided into six 
“were under the chief command of Nice taal Ei 

Brix, assisted by Rear-Admiral Jean Raimond Ts 

With cha n force, free, nethg a ed more singu ar chon She ‘apparent 


as we — regone sagem Except sansny Tae rate 
it squadron usually anchored on a recite el wa the town, a 
We chieec ialicaeey here we remained for days and ‘toge- 
ther, sometimes only o solitary frigate, or a few brigs, with as ame 
confidence and tranquillity in the face of a numerous Seti 
amet iy brigs, &e. outside the harbour, at not much more than 
istance, as if in Dover roads. In calm weather more ped 
the Ler of an oe astakenspuite shy had 
tempting, opportunities of attacking us advantageously, but 
ofthese as id res choose to avail Simaieieee 4 
© On the 26th of mber, a strong north-east wind having obliged 
small squadron of bomb vessels and others, under dia ries ete 
Autumn, stationed off Calais, (which town they had the day previous 
Cyne Ce ae a sri e Sila aie ae he 
advan the favonrable it 
iene slipigot of toa besboas, seal tae pi at af thal 
way to Boulogne. ‘These wo encountered off Cape Grisnez, and under 
thes fire of their batteries, (maintaining a running fight of Sa honry,) 
aoe to their destination. On the 20th, a second division of twenty= 
i ing the same attempt, u similar effort on our was, 
wn with somewhat hetter success, made to defeat Son In hesieed 
the action, which continued for nearly three hours, 
dous fire from all the batteries, a thirteen-inch shell i fang ia the theta 
board waist, just clear of the gangway, penetrated the main and lower 


— 


* ‘The first, or left wing, commanded by Rear-Adeiral Joan Francois C sta: 
tioned at Fiaples, was deatined to transport the troops from the camp at Montreuil, 
handed by Sdaraial Ney. The cond and tnd: elled the tight a aft wings Ot 





entre, usder Admira] Daniel Savory, and C Capt de he ss To Tay, occupied 


Sed tee the ttodpe encamped in that 









te om or Garobst Med 
artes L'ivoque, to 


DURING THR LATE WAR. 301 


ee chasm large enough for three’ or four men to stand iny 
and passin, juantity of ‘stowed in the wing, exploded 
seedy aaa Sota tall conned tars to wns ees 
in ents in all directions, but luckily without wounding: 
peter bes various accidents by * flood and | field,” none is more 
awful or generally more fatal than a fire on board a ship, und the first: 
alarm on this occasion caused a correspondent sensation among the: 
crew, which Iam satisfied no other kind of danger would have done ; 
this, however, was soon dissipated. ‘The hole through the decks form= 
ing 'a direct communication with the ignited materials, water was 
promptly and plentifully supplied through it, and in a few minutes the 
was extinguished, In this affair two or three of the enemy's ves- 
sels were driven on shore, the remainder either got into Ambleteuse or 





: 


‘On the Slat of Oct. while working in for the coast in the neigh- 
bourhood of Etaples, in company with the Lark and Harpy sloops-of- 
war, we a gunebrig and six other vessels patie ont of 
that port; signals having been made to chase, and the Admiral 
Mitchell cutter making her appearanco closo in with the land, we 
succeeded is bringing the enemy's vessels to action under the batteries, 
and in a short time drove the brig and a sloop on shore. The cutter, 
deitwingg lt Getlelwwater, loved with Ube Yorsier,- and! particularly 
MBkapeiclaLiRernel6s dante: Rewater! truck the ayy tal ben riggs 
and had several men wounded. 

» The anniversary of the famous Guny Plot, the Sth of Nov. 
‘was appropriately commemorated by the light sqnadrou at anchor off 
Lepr ay bras attack on a division of the flotilla, and the whole coast 
was ina 5 but with the exception of two vessels driven on shore, 
little wus effected. 

» ‘The stormy season wes now approaching, and I was abont to essay a 
winter's cruise among the dangerous shoals of the North Sea and the nar 
Tow Straits of Dovor, a service the nature of which to be comprehended, 
must be experienced. From the commander w the cabin-boy, none 
can be more arduous or perilous ; alternately striving with the storm, 
the rapid tides, and heavy broken cross seas, 40 peculiae to this part of 
the Channel, Among the sands of the Downs, Dunkirk, or Calais, du- 
ting the long winter nights, there were moments when the 
most indefatiguble vigilance, skill, and energy, scarcely salliced to pro- 
serve the respective vessels from destruction; and it must be mutter of 

as it is of high commendation, to all those acquainted 
with the subject, that so few casualties occurred among the numerous 
squadron, which ces long Sore in all weathers, it fies found 
‘neoessary to maintain inchingly on this trying station. Many were 
po rie Sacagh ths doubies bere ae varios 
times experienced, when in a heavy sea, the wind woul wp round, 
and of one ar other coast or bay, a lee shore, 

_ With plenty of sea room, the skilful seaman, familiar with difficul- 
esd in expedients, has little to apprebend ; but in a conflict 

‘all the clements, and with neither space nor time for his resources, 
‘the most able and watchful cannot always provide for the emergencies 
cont to so unequal a struggle, and our ship about this time very 





302 SERVICE AFLOAT DURING THE LATR WAR, 


(pins Saget aac asioedycienetie eect oe oa 
captain ai on i 

Tiga was the occasional and rendezvous for the 
squadron in those gales, when it became difficult or unnecessary to 
remain off Boulogne. On the 16th of Nov. on one of those em 

‘cies, when the threatening symptoms of « from the northward, and 
the bad weather liar to this season of the year, made it desizable 
to seek the shelter thus afforded, we stood over to the roudstead, 
which we did not reach until late in the evening. Owing to one of 
‘those illusions of the vision consequent on a hazy atmosphere at sea, in 
‘the vicinity of land, and a very dark night, there being no moon, the 
pilot, the beacon light on the point was visible, mistook the an- 





position, with a mee swell setting into the 





‘ator, but possessing for 
the immediate actors in it a somewhat too piquant and appalling inte= 
rests At length, by the assistance of a cutter and some of the 


attempts to heave aud back her off, our exertions were crowned with 
success, and the gallant ship once more rode in safety in deep water. 
On our return to the Downs immediately after, L was gratified to 
find that the consummation of iy wishes, which I had been so long 
impatiently anticipating, was, through the influence of my friends, at 
length effected, and I found myself transferred to the quarter-deck. 
‘ew events, as may be imagined, have afforded me more vivid 
ture thon this; and ameng a very fine set of young men in the mid- 
shipmen’s mess, the yreater part of whom have long since fallen, ent 
off in the flower of youth, either jn the combat, by disease, or some other 
fatality, the concomitant of war und hard service, I passed the re~ 
mainder of my time in this ship as agreeably as health, so 
;, and congenial society could be supposed to make me. 
being no actual vacancy for rating me on the ship's books, and one 
offering on board his Majesty’s sloop P——, one of the squadron, 1 
joined that vessel in the Downs on the 28th of January. 


{To be continued.) 


Bethe end of the campaign be rejoin 


303 


SKETCH OF THR BERVICES 
ov Tu 
se LATE LIEUT.CEN, SIR HENRY CLINTON, K.0.8. 


Hos. Caton, aad yeonger bt a the romenLiee- Gas Be 
inton, and y. present Lieut. 
William Henry Clinton. He entered the army in 1787, as an Ensi 
in the 1th » from which he was removed to the Ist Foot G 
in 1789. During the years 1788 and 1789, he served with the 
Brunswick corps, under Lieut.-Gen. De Riedesel, in Holland. In 
1790 he received a company in the 15th Foot, from which he 
exchanged to the Ist Foot Guards in 1792. In the following year he 
yeas appointed Aide-de-Camp to the Duke of York, in which expucty 
he served the campaigns of 1793 and 1794, in the Netherlands. He 
returned to England with the Duke, and remained Aide-de-Camp to 
his Royal Highness until 1795, when he was promoted to a Lieute- 
nant-Coloneley in the 66th Foot, and immediately proceeded to join 
his regiment in the West Indies, He was prevent at the landing in 
St. Lucie, under Sir Ralph Abercrombie, and at the siege and surren= 
der of Morne Fortunée, after which he joined the oath at Port An 
Prince, St. Domingo. In 1796 he again exchanged to his old corps 
‘the Guards, and sailed from St. Domingo for England, but was made 
oT on the and did not arrive in England until the sum- 
mer of 1797, He served with the Guards in Ireland during the re- 
dellion of 1798, and in that year was appointed Aide-de-Camp to the 
Lord Lieutenant and Commander-in-Chief in that country, Lord 
Cornwallis, under whom he served the short ae in Connaught, 
and was present at the surrender of the French force, under Gen. 
Humbert, at Ballinamuck. 
« In April 1799, Lieut.-Col, Clinton, being attached to Lord William 
Bentinck, employed on a mission to the Austro-Russian army in Italy, 
‘was present at the battle of the Trebbin, sieges of Alexandria and Sera- 
valle, and at the battle of Novi; after which, being appointed to at- 
tend Marshal Suwarrow on his march into Switzerland, he was pre- 
vent at the action in forcing the ¢ of St, Gothard, and at those of 
Teufels Bruck, Klonthaler See, and Glarus. 
__ Early in 1800, being employed on a mission to the Austrian army in 
‘Swabia, then sheet by Field-Marshal-Lieutenant Kray, Lieut~ 
Col, Clinton was present at the battles of Eugen and Moeskerch, and 


rt time as an 





th 


Golonel Clinton was next employed on a mission to the Russian 
army in Moravia, under Gen, Kutusow. 

In 1806 he embarked for Sicily, in command of the flank battalion 
of the Guards, He commanded ‘the garrison of Syracuse till the re~ 


B04 SKETCH OF THE SERVICKS OF THR LATE 


of his regi to England, in Junuary 11 hen he 
a Dire nh ema eta, the 
it that sailed under Sir John Mooreto Sweden. On his return 
from the latter place, he was appointed Adjutant-General 


: 1 ia Ireland, and in 
1811, with the |, removed to the staff of the 


. In April 1813, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Generalt 
in Spain and Portugal: he was present at the investment of Pamplona 
in July, and at the actions fought upon passing the Nivelle in No~ 
yember, and the Nive in December, of that year, During the winter 
he was employed in the blockade of route was present ab the 
battle of Orthes, affairs of Caceres und Tarbes, and at the battle of 


Toul ¥ " 
Lient.-Gren. Clinton was subsequently appointed second in command 
of the Belgian army he commanded a division at the battle of Water- 
Joo 5 and aibaswards aalivisonloF tke British contingent in France, 
‘The estimation in which his services were held by Parliament will 
be seen by the addresses we shall subjain of the eloquent Speaker, Mr. 
Abbott, (the late Lord Colchester,) and they were farther rewarded by 
tho Order of the Bath, and several Orders of Knighthood from foreign 


Talli wddrees; after tho babtie of Gatamaca,‘chotSipealsexstereeua 


tis House ia Noraysprocape to schon ely sar AULA 
Joice to see amongst us} thase who have signalized their names in war, When 
the Great Cuptain who commanded our armies in the Peninsula, after m series 
of (Noted oblained the opportunity for which he had long been 
anxious, and brought the enemy to action in front of Sakimanca; he relates that 
the foremost of the troops, on their first ouset, drove the enemy from height to 
height, and bore down all before them that wheu the stress of the battle in 
other points had checked the bravest of our battalions, and disabled some of 
their most distinguished lenders, the division of which Major-Gen, Pringle then 
took the command, nevertheless steadily maintained the contest ; and that when 





* Brig.-Gen. Clinton published a pamphlet explanatory of the motives which guided 
Whe opettigns ofthe eta ‘army daring. dis clara the abjoet of which was to 
justify the retreat of Sir Joka Moote, nnd ** 10 clear Sir John’s rwputation frou that 
shade which by some had been cast over 

1 In_thin year he was also appointed Colouel-Commandant of the first battalion 60th 
Foot: in 1814 Liouionant-Genoral in the army and Taspector-General of Tnfantry j 
and in 1816 he obtained the Coloneley of the 34 Foot. 

+ LieutGon. Sir Heary Clinton for several years held a seat in Parliament. 





LIBUT--GEN. SIR HENRY CLINTON, K.C.0- 305 


Se ae ae at 


Raber'pectod find the following in 
a re glowed gets tn ‘St Hany 
" , Sir William Sir Thomas Picton, and Major-Gen. 


ec 
1 ootiog you came 

ater forees of the enemy posted tena eee ‘of Oriies, 
saga te length guve way 
‘somtnenced their pralieees Dooney flarik, that retreat 


Bourdeaux, and on the other, to the but glorious day \y of 
Eat It pat bee ue fortune to se ies in this long 31 ro 


But to those whom we glory to reck oc gen or orn Mesbarg 
aud happiness to —— me personally,” ma 


“In int aidruse to Major-Gen, Lord Edward Somerset, the Speaker 
made the following allusion to Sir Henry Clinton’s services :— 


(historians) “ will relate, also, that Lieut-Gen, Sir Heary be 
five former battles commanded divisions of that hotels ecraxeniel 


fy 

Feseved Pociugal and Spaic, malutainod ‘a echoes 
eee Baa Cuca meer eee ea serpent 
peril Guards of France.” 


‘The last occasion on which the Speaker addressed Sir Henry was 
after the opin battle of Waterloo, 


After serving phen cuss campaigns of the Peninsular war, fom Sala 
ance t9 Ons a re remained nothing for a soldier to desire 
butt be it at the great battle of Waterloo; and if in that terrible conflict it 

ile to select one spot more than another, where our national milit 
‘was put to its fiercest trial, it must have been that whore you wery 
a with Hougoumont in your front, and dirocting of supporting the 
‘mye brigades of Major-Generals Byug, Maitland, and Adams,” 


~ Sir Henry Clinton died at his seat in Hi on the 11th of 
wee nen 





Fs 


™ 


806 
SORNERY IN THE 8. LAWRENCE. 





traders. It is too true, that not a winter 
several vessels on the precipitous shores of this inhospitable island ; one 
that is peculinrly destitute of all manner of protection to the tempest- 
dciven bat , and whose desolate and overhanging cliffs threaten de- 
struction in its most appalling form. The wreck-strewed reefs of this 
island, the ill-formed graves of shipwrecked mariners, tell of its dan- 

8 at each returning spring to those who pass it on their way to 
[oer forcibly bring to their minds a recollection of narrow 
escape, or the remembrance of the unhappy fate of some Friend 
who perished on its shore. 
© Phe silvery spires af Quebec were glittering in the first rays of the 
morning sun, when our little vessel was gliding down the river before a 

itle westerly breeze in the beginning of lust summer. As we 

¢ Hare Islands, we were naturally led into the above reflections by 
the appearance of their half covered reefs. ‘The weather contin 
fine as the day advanced, the morning breeze gradually died away, and 
the peaceful waves of the St. Lawrence played wantonly on the reefs, 
sa they dbiejed tie imapulas of the lowing. tida, andy porvuel thelr aes 
luctant course toward Quebec. Red Islond, with its t) id. dangers, 
Jay before us, veiled with all the crea of gafety to the unwary 
navigator by the serenity of the weather, 
_ This island is situated in the middle of the river, und about one-third 
‘of the distance from Quebec to Anticosti, It is low, and lite 
more than a rock, and though entirely destitute of trees, was now 
covered with a fine green herbage, Thé durk impetuous waters of the 
Saguenay rush into the St. Lawrence opposite to it, on the northern 
shore, and render the channel between them the most dangerous pass 
of the river. Such is the force with which the Suguenay into the 
St. Lawrence, that its current reaches a considerable distance into this 
aiver canal foaming ripples and a zt jangerons short sea in 
gules of wind. to a degree for small vessels, though not so 
much so toa LR ice an pie ot eestaed 
here, for she will be burried uway by a tide running at the rate of 
seven miles an hour, into water too deep for any anchor to hold, till 
she is on the vi of the reefs, which extend several miles off the 

re on one side, and those of Red Island on 

















* The church spires of Quebec are covered with tin, which ix used as a substitute for 
We atty rte tvs Goon cf tie a bong plied Cen areas tetnt urtee et 
of the tin boing placed in slanting i 
Peer taRalie: ty ohicd ease the wet russ od arc bade 











SCENERY IN THE ST, LAWRENCE. 307 


eis ceremas has een drier tp eats fn pocths amen elles Se Hs 
accompaniments of snow, rain, and fog, in the months of October 
wad Noven Sa lespeh cep #5 ¢ rapidity of the tide, and 
sunk in deep water never to be heard ihe ‘ow different was the 
seene before us; not a cloud inet to veil the splendour of the 
noon-day sun; the wind had a ied away, and all was still and 
calm around us, save where some half rock, forming a barrier 
to Sas tide, disturbed the Blassy espe of this majestic river. 

‘The destination of our vessel was Gaspe, but we had also to stop in 
our way down at the Saguenay, and accordingly directed our course 
for the little harbour of Tadousae, at its entrance, The wind now 
entirely failed us, our sails lay in idle folds a RE the grid the flood 
tide was strongly oppoced to our course, closo off Red 
nas. but fortunately at about one-third of a mile from it on its south 
side, the palpipastietiecet-aciornass conldli hecpstalued oe Presta 

obliged to drop our anchor, to prevent drifting back on the 
ata to wait the next wind before we could attempt to gain the 
harbour of Tadousae. About half an hour after we had anchored, the 
ebb tide made, not gradually, but on a sudden. Our vessel obeyed its 
‘impulse, and to ae ae may swung round to it, would convey no 
iden of its force lew round to present her stem to a cur- 
rent running at, the rate of six miles and half per hons, althoogh it 
was the time of the weakest neap tides. 

Having ae a with the express purpose of seeing as much as 


friended our design. We entered gor boat for this purpove syreafoniiphil 
nyaking rapid progress towards ite ore, aeaing steadfastly on the drift 
timber with w 


sith to ‘Quebec, and their Little pro) ‘Om which were 
eng ise eS prospects, lay buried in the sea, The hand of 
befri them, for lee vessel had struck 


iar and expe 1, to the it genta ebtleremg 
‘at a period when the pion wos: peau with snow. Shelter! = 
threatened with all ‘ors of starvation, they endeavoured to 


308 SCENERY IN THE 8T. LAWRENCE. 


‘The story excited our interest the more, from bei related by one 
of the survivor, and near the spot where the dinuster ed. Nor 
was this the on! Glee anc jared a simi~ 
far fate. ‘The of ship-timber, masts, sheeves, and cordage, 

e 


which lay seattered on the shore, served but to confirm the sad reality. 
"We were meditating on these spoils of the storm as we unconsel 
atrayedroter'the lakend,"tefetting, Un the insigaldoant ofvrta of tan 66 


contend with the fury of the elements, when a signal from the vessel 
hurried us on board. A breeze had sprung up; it was now blowing 
steadily from the northward, and our vessel was shortly again under 
snil. ‘The direction of the wind, and the rapidity of the tide, would 
‘not allow of our approuching the Saguenay, Even had we been close 
under the northern shore it would not have avniled us, for blowing in 
the direction of the stream, this wind served but to hasten its course. 
We were therefore contented to leave the Saguenay until on our return 
to Quebec, and ee course down the river for Gaspe. 

‘Our vessel had the character of being the swiftest sailer on the river, 
She was o fine schooner of 120 tons, and to use a seaman’s phrase, was 
“well found.” Her captain knew well how to manage her ; he was a 
steady ekilfal veaman, und had gained considerable experience in the 
navigation of the river. She was his favourite vessel, and knowing the 
good uae of both, we felt no apprehensions for our safety, alt 
na fokle and changeable climate. The banks of the river, ns we 
powied awiftly down, gendually receded from each other, and were now 
more than twenty miles apart. The northern shore fs, jn general, 
formed of « high and magnificent range of country, taricicata ab- 
ruptly in broken and precipitous cliffs, which in some parts over 
the water, ‘The southern sents a more pleasing appearance 
to the oye, being of u moderato height, and studded here and there 
with straggling groups of houses, the peaceful habitations of the Cana+ 

peasantry. These ure of all others a most contented class of peo- 
ple. Heedleas of the passing events in the busy world, they cultivate 
‘the ground which they have inherited from their fathers, attend the 
business of their farm, and know no other wants beyond those which it 
supplies. 

progress down the river was uninterrupted, We left the dan- 
gerous island of Anticosti to seaward ax we ae close to the Canadian 
shore, that we might pass as near ax possible to Cape Gaspe, and 
thereby have less difficulty in ‘ing into the harbour, ‘Che inex= 
haustil ie sple St, meet well apo but the re- 
sources of Gaspe in this particular, place it a ie principal of its 
Teseboursrs WC lod bo shar paced ariew GEOG Gabe Tetere tere 
astonished at the vast number of boats which were employed in this 
business. Such was their number, that the sea was scareely discern< 
ible among them, and seemed literally alive. ‘The principal fish taken is 
the cod, which, when dried, is pees to Europe in large quuntities, 
and here is also a fine mackarel fishery in the proper season. Vessels 
from Jersey annually bring in exchunge articles of clothing, i 
wines, ;, and provisions, and earry the fish to Lisbon, Cadiz, and 
other qe As-we passed along the coast, we observed the shore of 
covery little bay lined with stages, on which the fish were tudergoln 
the preparation of drying and salting; in fact, the whole population e 


SCENERY IN THE ST. LAWRENOR. 309 


G seemed to be occupied either in fishing or prepuring the fish for 
eee Thus, a capi a active oa ne are 
accustomed to the sea, and at some future period will form a 
to their country, The various poiats which separate these bays ver~ 
simatic prepce of» pends beg and fm femmes 
ssner doe seenery that sr hs Snageet A passing them in 
vossel, they were presented to us in the most advantageous poi 

tiem. They ore cuoparod ofa Emeatoce rack and. wame evtlank 
marks of the ravages which the stormy waves of the Gulf of St. Law- 
rence are making on them. The surf, by its incessant action on these 
cliffs, has excavated immense caverns und porticos. In some 

ions of a fantastic form have been separated, which bei 
of a harder nature than the rest, stand detached at a distance from the 
shore, Their boxes have become diminished by the continual washing 
of the surf, whilst the upper parts remain uninjured, They then re+ 
semble flower-pots, and the resemblance is the more increased by the 
accidental circumstance of « few hardy trees of the pine speciox flou- 
dishing on their summits, and which give them altogether a very re- 
markable a] » Some rocks of a similar nature to these are 
WG cae Histee, Whey, sciztacio fie, cidtle,, eerie 
and are well known to those who have frequented this lake, by the 
name of the “ Flower-pots.” 
_ On entering the Bay of Gi the scene before us was of the most 
animating description. It is a fine extensive bay, eapable of 
n large Hect in the utmost. safety. Several yessels were lying at an- 
chor, and groups of boats, some stotionary, and others under sail, were 
following their busy occupation of fishing’ in various parts of the bay. 
‘The town of Douglas is seated at the inner extremity of the begin 
like most fishing towns, has rather a straggling appearance, The num- 
ber of inhabitants is considerable, althoug! whey scattarod ; and it is 
2 extraordinary eeetat anes few or ae Caradon een thom 5 
prince) wt being from Guernsey an a iy 

Saealipie Pais Tetey Pema: The women ie turret the 
whole, are not wanting in beauty. The men are of an active, busy dis~ 
Béstion, and havea fino healthy appearance. “Thay have a minster of 





go oblong house, composed of the logs of trees, laid on each other, im 
it, the whole be ensil 
Set is ei eae ican Cae bees 
ng our curiosity iy ing this building, we had ity of 
Rte tee 
Gling 0 txtde'os chearpad 
-, to aid ibe a Foe engrasleih of, ene Leerciageae ments 
clergyman has ivilege of setti idk di th 
fe Fr mnuch to enconscer before she could excapo 


‘The upper class havo neither much refinement, nor information to 
boast of. The fact is, they are secluded in a great mensure from the 


Va 


310 SCENERY IN THE 8T. LAWRENCE, 


test of the world, and have but little intercourse with society. ‘Their 
the ping Wale of he oy ha exerting Bsa ut Tey 
ci i town, that of exporting fish. In fact, 
moe fish, and hear so much said about Ah, a alsa live so 
much on fish; that as may naturally be supposed, they know more of 
fish than of any thing else. They are contented and cheerful, with 
few enjoyments, and apparently fewer wants. It is impossible to be 
cline thern ildoc Welle TAGES 'plemved with their simple and inge- 
nuous: ers. 


mann 

Having attained the object of our visit at Gaspe, and not being 
obliged to hasten our return to Quebec, we determined on making a 
tour of Anticosti, and necordingly laid in a little stock of sea provi 
for this purpose, but were unable to procure a sufficiency of any arti- 
cle excepting fish. Of dried fish Gaspe afforded plenty, and being 
more bent on gratifying our mental than our epicurean desires, every 
thing ‘was prepared for sea, 

¢ distant summits of the Canadian hills were tinted by the risir 

sun, a8 we sailed slowly out of the bay with the morning . 
bade adiew to Gaspe, Our vessel had not gained the distance of 
many miles from the shore, befure we met with a change of wind. 
‘This, coming from the north-east quarter, passes in its course the sea 








the 

Great lakes, this cold wind juces a speedy condensation, and a 
le fog mostly ennues. “Suck war the exte now, and we passed two 
ys enveloped in mist without tesing more than the sky shore, 


continued of the same density around us, The occurrence of these 
is very common at this time of the year, as well as in the winter. 
It is to them that the navigation of the fiver owes much of its danger : 
for without wind, a vessel falls under the influence of currents; 
when accompanied by a gale, they become a source of much dread, and 
are too often attended with fatal conzequences, These fogs are 20 
dense, that the mist may be aieay seen ing rapidly over the 
surface of the water with the course of the wind; und whilst the eye 
is unable to distinguish objects at the distance of alundred feet around, 
the sun above is shining with uninterrupted splendour. 
‘The wind had Cie t shifted to the west, and was increasing toa 
Le as we approached Ellis Bay, on the south-west part of Anticosti. 
nearing it we obverved with our glasses a lage veasel lying on the 
reefat the entrance. We ran down close to her for the purpose of afford- 
ing assistance, and found she was a merchant brig. The sea was 
breaking over her, had already washed away her masts, and had left 
only her bowsprit uninjured. We afterwards learned that she was the 
Hibernia of Liverpool, and were shown the grave of her master, who 
died in consequence of the suffering and fatigue he underwent after 
the vessel struck. pal ah See Red one being on the wreck, 
we ran into Ellis Bay, which ‘us ample security from the heavy 
westerly gale that fe ¥ 
[To be continiwed.) 


311 


A DAY’S JOURNAL ON BOARD A TRANSPORT. 
WHEN ON THE SECRET EXPEDITION UNDER BRIG-GEN. CRAUFURD, 1806-7. 
«Ex uno disce omnes.” 


Ax dawn of day, disturb’d in bed, 

With swabs and buckets o’er my head, 
Discordant sounds my slumber breaking, 
Water splastring, rudder creaking ; 
Robbed of my rest by bugs and fleas, 

T curse my fate, and d—n the seas. 

O1 for the calm domestic scene, 

"Midst sheep-walks, woods, and meadows green, 
Far from all ships, all rocks and seas, 
On the green turf, reclined at ease ; 

Or lolling in my elbow-chair, 

I read of shipwrecks, storms, and war, 
‘The wild wind’s song, and torrents roar, 
Endear my rural cot the more. 


Far from these sweet and tranquil j 

My days are spent in endless poise,” 
‘Midst pigs and maonkeys, niice and rats, 
*Midst quacking ducks and squalling brats, 
‘While life and fortune’s sole defence 
Hangs on the feeble thread of chance, 

‘And death’s inevitable stroke 


Depends upon a plank of oak. 


First on the list of our tormentors— 
‘The bell strikes six—the serjeant enters, 
With Stentor's lungs and glaring eyes, 
« Gem’men, ‘tis seven o'clock,” he eri 
The doleful sound, with peals of thunder 
« Bursts the soft bands of sleep asunder,” 
With half-closed eyes and aching head, 
We craw! unwilling out of bed, 
Some without breeches, some in buff, 
‘Assembly whimsical enough ! 
For once when in a ship transported, 
‘When too close intimacy’s courted, 
In herds gregarious men unite, 
‘Their naked limbs ex sight, 
‘And decenoy, celestial maid, 
Is banish’d to her rural shade 
The toilets all in order placed, 
‘The shaving scene commences next, 
Behind our chairs our valets stand, 
And smile to see the shaking hand, 
Nervous from last night's dissipation, 
Commence the dreadful operation. 
We tear, and scrape, and grin with pain, 
‘And d—n the ship, and scrape again. 
This labour o'er, on deck collected, 

ie compass view’d, and log inspected, 
‘The bets commence -—I say Janeiro 
More likely far than Buenos Ayres, 











S12 A DAY'S JOURNAL ON HOARD A TRANSPORT. 
‘The current andl the variation 


us ‘a cursed round, 
pees cindy 


be ‘bell strikes eight, the coffee roasted, 
‘The sheep well milked und cakes well oastd, 
‘To breakfast all repair in hnsto, 
‘And feed upon the motley fot 
For here we in 
‘The charms of sweet variety. 
Here's pork fenced round with grimy hair, 
Street honey here, rank butter 
aoe os tae es yes pores! a 
‘There's jam, Vea a India gingor, 
‘And junk— ie waif of silos lif, 

lefiance to the knife. 


oy mal ian 'd, the tedious day 

Rolls its insipid hours away, 

No prospect round = sky tind sot, 
Unjoyous uniforrni 

At seve the junk os aut for snack, 

‘Defies another fierce 

With cheese and onions, park and wine, 

To stay our stomachs till we dine. 

‘This drend{ul interval, alas ! 

Is worse than all the rest to. 

Some write to swoethearis, some to wives, 

Some write the history of their lives ; 

Some with backgammon rack their brains, 

And d—n the luck of him who gains, 

Others old scp of plays rehearse, 

Some durn their journals info verse 5 

Many with hes iow plague their head, 

Some go to cards, and some to bed. 


Now sound the trumpets, rol) the drums, 
‘Th’ important hour of dinner comes, 
‘The hour that brings to all relief, 
‘The solace of our tails and. grief— 
First at the head, in state is seen, 
"Lhe mutton broth in tin tureen, 
‘Next mutton roast,and mutton boil’ ‘a, 
‘And mutton hash'd, and mutton broiled, 
And mutton curt. ‘stmok'd nod spoil'd; 
‘Mutton so rank they ‘te forced to stew it, 
‘And dumpling rich Paik tanttou eae 
And pie as strony as civet-cat, 

id paneakes dreneh'd in anution fa, 
Lmplermme te iettid dine, 
‘hen haste to sip the ruby wines 
‘This Lappy honr's too sweet to last, 
‘The piuts are out, our joy ix past. 





* Tor for a dollar. 


A TALE OF THE SPANISH WAR. 313 


A distal period next succeeds 

Till six bells strike, then whist procecds, 
Vingtun, or lammy, draughts, picket, 

Or any thing to get a bet. : 
‘Sometimes, indeed, we pass the night 

In scenes of rational delight, 

When Shakspearo’s muse enchants the soul, 
And Tragedy, with poison’d bowl, 

Robed in the garb of bitterest woe, 
Compels the starting tear to flow ; 

Or Comedy, with laughing eye, 

Wakes in the heart ecstatic joy. 

These scenes with matchless skill pourtray'd, 
Combined with sweetest rusic’s aid, 

Give to the polish’d ear of taste, 

A rich repast—a mutual feast 

‘Th’ unletter’d rake can never know, 

‘That sensual joys can ne’er bestow. 

‘A grosser feast now waits the senses, 

The bell strikes eight, the grog commences ; 
With songs “ and social gay delight,” 
Cigars and punch conclude the night ! 





A TALK OR THE SPANISH WAR. 
“Et qui feetre, et qui facta aliorum scripedre, multi laudantur.”—Sauivsr. 


Tr was during the exterminating warfare which characterized the 
invasion of Spain by the French, that a small body of Cuirassiers, de- 
tached from the main division, had halted for the night at a vill: 
called Figuieras. ‘The appearance of this company was to the poor in- 
habitants a source of disagreeable anticipations, actuated as they were 
by natural antipathy toa domineering foe, and by anxiety for the little 
property acquired by the toil of congregated years. “What ho!” cried 
the leader of the acldiery, as he stopped before the gate of the monastery, 
the only house in the hamlet that appeared capable of rendering any 
talerable accommodation ;“ Open your doors, or, by my valiant Bove: 
reign, all your Ave’s will not profit you,” and as he spoke he struck the 
portal with his sword, as if to prove his threats would speedily be en- 
forced, if a ready acquiescence were not accorded to his mandates. 

There was silence for a time, as though the inmates were deliberat- 
ing on what course to pursue ; and then the figure of an aged man 
became apparent, as with trembling hands he loosed the fastenings 
which secured the dwelling. He bore a torch, whose gleam threw a 
murky glare upon the men at arms, and served but indistinctly to 
illume the gloomy court. “‘ Save you!” said the French Colonel ironi- 
cally, at the same time making a lowly obeisance, “I bear my superior 
greetings to your holy body, and expect fare for my commands : 
the cellars are well stored, no doubt ?” crimson glow for a moment 
flushed the pallid check of the vencrable father, as La Ville (for that 
was the Colonel’s name) concluded his address ; but it passed instantly 
oma , and he returned no response save by a gentle inclination of the 

ead. 

U.S. Joury. No. 15. Mancn, 1820, x 





Bit A TALE OF THE SPANISH WAR, 
‘La Ville regarded not his émotic 

mount and place their char 

solemn pile accompani 


my men must be provided with 





saying, he motioned them to sit down, and commanded 
the servitors to the table with the best the monastery could afford. 
‘The table soon groaned beneath the weight of delicacies, and cor- 
Say usurped the ee where distrust so lately reigned. The Abbot 
left the apartment for u brief interval, und speedily returned, followed 
by two attendants bearing immense silver vessels filled with luscious 
and delicious wine. “ Now, tell me candidly,” exclaimed a ofh- 
cer but lately arrived from the militar 1, ** tell me if you have 
fEiy,yeesty cisanel Kere—you fadendsad me,"s tisce or on, 6 Hanae 
by your pious admonitions.” 'The eye of the superior shone with a 
wrathful glare at the speaker, and then u bitter smile passed across 
features. ‘< Fear not,” he replied, ** for this night's entertainment: 
be better than any you} hereafter enjoy; but Heaven forbid we 
should harbour such polluted beings as you allude to!” “ Ay,” re= 
torted La Ville, “at least for iereligious laymen, who know not how to 
temper their love-iuits with pious sighings for the great iniquity of our 
frail eat tnt a baplty. rail eye and let us taste the wine; 
nothing so much promotes good fellowship.” . 
i i, sod tery he continued a Ged: goblet with the 
ing wine,” you must pledge me in a bumper, s0 glasn! 
Pothe rales of our order forbid us to indulge tn wine,” amwerel. the 
Abbot, “and therefore you must excuse me, or iy brethren, from tast- 
ing of the ruby produce of the vine." La Ville sailed ironically, ax 


any thi than liquid spring of water. He: 
the goblet to his lps, but placed it again untasted on the board. “The 
looked es the movement with suspicious aye, as if to seek 
solution for the ichman’s act. 1h bat lhe 
“ Suspicion strikes me,” cried La Ville sternly, and if my sur- 
mise prove correct, this shall be the last exploit you will enact, Fel- 
low Soldiers! taste not the wine, it may be poisoned: such deeds have — 





ANECDOTE OF KING GRORGE III. 315 


been performed before, and by monastic artifice.” As the speaker 
thus addressed his auditors, every eye was riveted on the superior, 
whose countenance afforded no credit to the Colonel’s surmise. “ Dri 
of the wine first,” continued La Ville, “ you and your brethren, and 
then we will follow your example.” The Abbot raised his eyes to 
Heaven, and seemed for a moment buried in meditation; then taking 
the proffered cup, swallowed the contents. The entire confraternity 
also drank the potion. 

‘« Now are you satisfied?” he inquired ; “ now are you ungenerous 
doubts resol’ ”— Yes!” replied the French ; “and here we pled; 
to yous good fathers. Cup succeeded cup, as the elated soldiers, de- 
lighted with their superior entertainment, sought to take advantage of 
their present favourable quarters. “ Believe me,” stammered out a 
jovial Lieutenant, “we will ever prove grateful for the kindness we 

ave experienced, and mayhap, I may send in exchange for this Sau- 
terne, a lovely girl of mine, the beauteous Louise.”"— A poor ex- 
change,” ret another,—“ nothing so true as wine, nor so fickle 
as woman.”—‘“ When our royal le waves over the entire 
land,” cried La Ville, “the brethreh of this monastery shall be 
amply rewarded for their hospitality, and—” “Stop your kind com- 
mendations,” interrupted the Abbot; “ that day you shall never be- 
hold: base tools of violence, hear me, and shudder at my words: know 
that the wine we drank was poisoned! Start not! our country claim- 
ed the sacrifice, and willingly we did our duty—and though the pangs 
of death are fast approaching, yet the thought that you, our enemies, 
must die with us, is balsam to ‘ile tortured body. Does not the venom 
even now rankle in your veins? Speak! slaves, speak!” 

Consternation seized the French as they listened to the dreadful de- 
claration, and even then the ‘izing throbs declared how true was 
the assertion. Madly they rushed on their betrayers, but death was 
already enacting his part, and stayed their impetuous hands. Soon 
the smothered groan, the frightful scream, the mingled prayer and 
curse, rose on the silent ear of night———The morning came ; and of 
the many who had entered on the previous evening into the monastery, 
not one remained to quit its gloomy precincts. BW Gk 





ANECDOTE OF HIS LATE MAJESTY AND GENERAL PICTON, 
UNCLE TO SIR THOMAS PICTON. 


Ow the 12th regiment becoming vacant by the removal of Sir Henry 
Clinton to the 7th Light Dragoons in 1779, the Secretary at War 
waited on his Majesty to receive his Majes commands with the re- 
commendation of a successor. His Majesty, however, directed the 
Secretary to inform Gen. Picton that he was appointed to the 12th 
regiment. 

‘On the first levee Gen. Picton attended to return thanks and kiss 
hands on the occasion, when his Majesty told the General, “ It was 
Capt. Picton of the 12th Grenadiers, at the battle of Minden, he had 
to thank for the regiment.” 

12 


316 


A POPULAR VIEW OF FORTIFICATION ANU GUNNERY. 
wo. 2.* 


is dey, aud at the level of the highest water when it iswet. I 
of these posterns opens in the centre of the curtain behind the tenaille; 
in iaming out of the postern into the ditch, tho defondors are covered. 


in front by the mass of the tenaille: this is of much i for 
‘towards 


‘there, they this situation batter the mouth of the posterm, 
Gvere it not hidden from their view by the tenaille,) and in that 
the communication from the enceinte to the outworks would be 


iain ditch :$ but 
‘these flanks are armed with cannon, and the reliof of the tenaille 
is regulated eo 98 to allow the guns on the flanks to bear upot 
main ditch in the following manner. 


t 





* Tho, in our Popular View of Vortifieation, No. 1, should have ‘beon mun 
bored 1,2, 3, and 4. It is necessary to mention this, as various references will be 





with 
and pits with tilting doors, to vid ia 
jourhsh, for Jan, 1690. 





A POPULAR VIEW OF FORTIFICATION AND GUNNERY. 317 


ey et 5 ets have eroted | thele. Batteries of 
ing through the dit. ravelin, they have made 
fecaches in the faect of the barton is at bb. ‘The Gre of fannon 


besiegers attempt to assault any breach made in the face of the 
bastion, until the fire of the flanks be silenced or subdued. Supposing 
the total relief of the enceinte in Fig. 5 to be 46 feet, (that is, the 
height from the bottom of the ditch to the summit of the work,) and 

be dry, then the relief of the tenaille would be 24 feet. 
the relief of the tenaille on any front will depend not only upon 
the depth of the ditch, but likewise upon the Seena, or the distance 
that the fank may be from the face of the bastion, w! ditch it has 
to defend. 

A postern, P, Fig. 5, is likewise constructed through the centre of 
the tenaille, issuing out between the parapets of the caponnitre ; thus 
the communication from the enceinte is covered all the way to the 
ravelin ; and it is necessary that it should be so, that the ravelin may 
have abundant supplies of men and ammunition for its defence; as it 
has been already shown of whut importance the ravelin is, when the 
active defence of a fortress arises chiefly from the fire of the faces of 
the bastions and of the ravelins, 

The rear or entrance into a work is called the gorge, and staircases 
are constructed in the masonry of the gorges of the tenailles and rave- 
Tins, as well as in the saliant and re-entering places of arms, to com- 
municate with the ditches in their rear, as at cc c c, Fig. 5. 

If the faces of the ravelin in Fig. 5 were Prolonge |, they should 
meet the faces of the bastion at 80 yards from the shoulder angles of 
the bastions. Thus these angles are covered better than formerly, 
when the faces of the ravelins were directed to the shoulder angles, or 
eight or ten yards beyond them. 

here the ravelin is large, as in Fig. 5, there is room for a redoubt 
or reduit within it, as R, into which the defenders of it may retire 
to prolong the defence; when this redoubt is well constructed, as in 
Fig. 5, it udds materially to the defence: it should occupy all the in- 
terior of the ravelin, leaving the latter work from sixteen to twenty 
yards broad, from the revétement in rear to the cordon in front. When 
there is a redoubt in the ravelin, it is made two and a half feet lower 
than the enceinte, and it commands the ravelin by two and a half feet ; 
hence the enceinte is about five feet higher than the ravelin, 

‘The gorge of the ravelin, as well as of its redoubt, should, if prolonged, 
fall upon the flanked angles of the adjoining bastions, in order that an 
enemy in possession of the covered- way may not be able to see any of 
the interior of these works, or the defenders ascending or descending 
the staircases at their gorges. 7 

The ditch of the redoubt of the ravelin is defended by a flanking 
fire from the faces of the bastions that look upon it. The redoubt of 
the ravelin should have flanks, ik, Fig. 5, each capable of carrying 
three guns, to bear upon any breach made in the faces of the adjoining 
bastions ; and thus force the assailants to silence the fire of the flanks 


318 ‘A POPULAR VIEW OF 


of the redoubt ere they can assault the face of the bastion, the fire of 
which would take: hems invrekr en reverSev Hence, to enable the te- 
Slegers to:aspmult'n bastion as Aor B, ta Figa 6; | 1a) hae ot ya 


1 pte al dan Heme! 





“To communicate from the redoubt to the ravelin, a postern 
ais each of the flanks of the former, issuing into its a datight ng 
of stops, ¢, Fig. 5, leads up the eounterscarp revétement, of the, 
Tho re-entering places of arms should be made large enough to.al 
amit of the construction of good redoubts in cach, Fig. 5,68 prewlted 
with masonry. ‘Their faces are directed, so as to render it very: 
cult or impossible to enfilade or rake them from the erst bo 
prolongation does not fall into the country, but upon: the adjoining 
‘works. reer 
These hae in the pan A mena of arms, serve as 
{Pare the defenders of the covered-way to retire into when 
the assailants; it adds much to the confidence of troops, to know 
i wit, there is strong cover ut hand into which they can retreat, and 
ese posts auginent the defensive properties of the way 
Hail PSthose Sadoubts have apate of ifteen feat in thle 
ditches should be eighteen Piet breotbasilt en fh docp= 
counterscarp a ramp, or inclined plane, is formed, down 
tiring party retreat, and crossing the ditch, pars 
hut runs underneath the parapet into the interior of 1) 





u 
flank should be given to each redoubr on the side next to thera 
the fire of which Tearing in roveen upon any breach made in the face 
po ee forces the assailant to silence the redoubt of the re-en- 
tape pce ‘of arms, ere be can assault, the ravelin. wo 
t. to the relief of the redoubt in the re-entering place of 


ary, Bi Bt wl en by ean its position, oo ae 


ln ly nd ~ 
to prolong its defence, cay 
ites with the re 


in Hts 

Although th oreglng be skotch aera 
k welbearan reared poervepreetrent 
the principles hore laid aoe most of the fortresses to “aie 





the ay of, dona cn io i ha Mpa reat Bove ‘boon built 
vu ‘Binion Sion toning as has 
OWN 5 “tin in are tified cities, poss of them, bas 


FORTIFICATION AND GUNNBRY. 819 


tons, ravelins, covered-ways, &c, can be casily and distinctly triced. 
ee tee el ee been shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, will 

‘seen in old works, its being a moder: ; 
monty as fe avo tho construction of fhe redoubtes both in the mvclia 
und in the re-entering places of arma, which serve materially to prolong 


Nor should a regulay surrounding a place, with a complete 
*, unless the place be constructed on a 
plain, equally accessible on every side; o condition 


we place 
and 
‘be several 


river, a precipice, a swamp, an inundation, Se. to 
ee arto enter: in such a case, the cous 
struction: of the works already detailed us constituting a complete 
pe ES ef SS ee 





beyond it, as be seen at Portsmouth, Flushing, Bergen- " 
Dichhajéasebeetis insole Sours are byotai piace. 
‘mounting eatuon: the revétement of these ramparts should how- 
Tevmr[tPpostthie, hei covered ‘uy a:glacis from the Vlaw' of any 
mines ee whence an enemy could batter them down ; a8 at 
Fort re ae ee Marichal Vauban,* who 
may justly be the father of fortification, (since the revolution in 


Tt ie not easy to fix the exact period of the invention of bastions. soveral authors — 
mention them at the end of the fiftwonth centary, ry thane, which 
sai 


Seen ee SS Ee 1 to have commenced with the 
oldest known, and 

that structed = however this Tele, 

Dan i! il the end of the fitosnth century that artillory 








ee 


A POPULAR WIKW OF 


E Ef 
i 
BE } 
Hl 


: 2 ES 
ne 
Hug 
hh i 
uta 
Aa Lr 
ual 

Tenia 
it! aks 


H 
fi 
i 
He 
i] 
4 
ii 


ij 
EF 
i 
Li 
'H 
ci 
be 
ifr 


it 
i 
i 
el 
Hi 
Fabs 


7 
sieges, and consider the localities of the ground, when he will not fail 
to brace the causes of sie fronts being much we 


i 


Se 
lta ted 660 in dt of Pao day 


‘fepui slopes of Sainie- Menthoutd, of. z 
i. Fan allowed up the priociples sugested Ly Page 


speak for 
the have been eget heer, a. geacrally a9 Vauban's 
pi ae eT 
indebuod Sau esti ture nis NIV he tarsed 
: 


and te 


provements have been propered, aod fe 
in these the of Vauban, with 
Uy Coed Tha tar maiod Re espe OP Pesce oleae ff, 
(tine years after Vauban's death), He died asa Meréchatde-Camp io 1760. 
Dist eens SER RR rate pp 
nginer, Mianaial pee ccle etal 
toto low'wet sla land, hh as Den eeceutad at Vergeeng: oom, gt Blase 


eee | 
Sijeaiman area 
: 

toad ba ery adele hs Nice 





eS _ 


PORTAPICATION AND GUNNERY. 321 


been drawn on by the necedsity of ex; what has been called 

the great, mean, and small fortification, have: us somewhat away 

from our subjeet:—to return. Fortrossen situated on the 

baer con aa ethic pocanig hoisted 
‘wot or at ploasure, conetructing: 

ee emsaleton te in sluice oy which the fluxion 

of the water can be regulated,’ ‘These le 3 


te ion the 
and to the wet ditch. 
In wet ditches, the communication between the different. works eon- 
sists of light wooden bridges. ‘The avanilant, if poesessed of that infor 
mation, which it is most probable he will bo, as to the situation of the 
bridges, can, even fram his most distant batteries, at 600 routes 


Sripesatiageschelle sons to injurerthed oad erdarrt 
them sobsubiwhen shai enor tlabllahes ont eee tt ta 
packs, be,commanda a view of ell the ditches, the bridges 


are either destroyed by his batteries, or can only be crossed under his 
fire, Boats or rafts of communication cannot cross the ditches by day 
‘thout being seen or beard from the enemy's lodgement on 


and the outworks being thus cut off from receiving 
einto, cannot make 0 vigorous defence. Such are 
‘of wet ditebes, But whea a fortress has low or in- 
eat sosetig 1 Inble to boca Keen samees 
itch, which secures it against an altempt, is 
@iichs as well ox tn. ¢ha cave‘of he's ed 
eae SE disciplined. A wet ditch should 
six foot of water in it. Lastly, one of its greatest 
is the difficulty of crossing 40, after a Lreach has been made 
in the scarp reyctement from the attacking batteries on the crest of the 
glacis. Before such n breach cun be nssiulted, it is necessary to con 
struct a causeway cross the diteh from the revétement of the counters 
ere saeabereehy the epention (which will be. described in the 
¢) requires much Inbour and time, which the assuilant is obliged 


Se ee 
Risirent cee bare prac eae 

‘dee. | from what has said, it ts evident that this it Goes wat 
imply weakness. 


H 


fH 
ai | 
in 


li 
ie 





E 


ad | 





A POPULAR VIEW OF 


shot every bal afer ete ofthe meen sai 


fficlont in umber 


stinate defence than if the ease were otherwise. eiee ea 
ditches, there is the ease of u silent communication by night, when it 
usual to relieve the guards who have defended the outworks for the 
previous twenty-four bouts; and replenish Car soa age eE 
provisions, ‘Agito, in o dry dite; when the enemy:ia 
Sanibel His Wet tho'Sornceook wl ae 
by sae og € trench in the bottom of the:dr ditch. the de- 
Senden have ‘the means of making sallies to disturly this work, which 
they coating Wola wet lech." Ard lastly, in dry ditches, 
even be used for their defence to destroy the pec 6 
or to blow away the rubbish from the foot of the renders 
ac oe therefore, that the tion is im fw of, 
ty f that alae se oo 
aleces In ease of weak garrisons eye tur incest 
‘works and efficient garrisons, that dry ditches aro to be spre- 
atten 
—_ the earth for the construction of the masses of the ramparts, pa~ 
ipets, and glacis, is obtalned from the ditches, the Sik pee ccapachey af 
Kege latter depends on the quantity of earth requir 
forcuor. ina eae 


This can be obtained in two ways, either by sae the diteh doop 
and narrow, or broad and shallow: it is therefore well even 
medium between these extremes is best, with wlokall towards the 
deep and narrow, rather than to the broad and shallow ditch.) 

poll te ee 


= Some military tg ave gan of high weve ud tits to font 
Paregisce tas oa bales nol tdnden an aerate 





instances of eonduct i cor 
Tine eee ee ett cyte tol tae ot Girth, 


deserted 
‘whieh is n frightful precipice. 


Sa 


PORTIPICATION AND GUNNERY, 


If the itch (tho:aain ditch, for iuatanor,) abou! 
SAballow, the coneequence, will he,thes tbe opeee, 


‘estublishes a. bat 
arin Sacgabenrarith cheney 









a1 


Ht 
H 

; 
bs 


it 
ii 
ite 
Ee 
i 
F 

i 

z 

Ez 

: 


sit sda 

i ing of ditches excavated in soil of gomiion 

arth; but ‘it must be evident that the size and the nature of 

ditches must often depend on the particular nature of the soil in which 

the excavation is made. 

Phe ditches of w fortress have meme been Er on different 
ion, 


thel 
Bader than dy, in 
ite 


if 
iH 
ie 








levels; and to derive any advant jc ne gt 
ence of level between the main ditch and 
be 


ravelin, should 


ES 
= 
4 
F 
= 
z 


: " ditches below. the 

Main ditch 24 feet; ditch of the 
ravelin 18 feet; ditch of the redoubt of the ravelin 12 feet; diteh 
of the redoubt in the eevenenelng place of arms J0 feet ; thon th 
ditches of the ravelin and its redoubt 


a 
Hal 
Ln H 
peli 

= sietes 

28 2, 
Rpeeei 
meS4a85 
nue 
Haid 
Bip 
aad 
2 
z 


- 





= 


ve mentioned, it’ in auely a case: the tnuiu: ditch 
“the outworks: ‘bat ie now onabled to 





324 


THOUGHTS ON TH CLASSIFICATION OF SHIPS. 


at this day, with ws of 
theo 





eee oa one ore pene when the ill-conceal- 
jealousy of surrounding uations in the i 

exertions each uses in forming and improving its marine. Iu the sup. 
tion of a future war—no F contingeney—we must 

in sight the ruinous consequences that might ensue from 

SiS Gcblocs Kirwlich i¢would give rioe'Syre master Sasa 
© that the wealth of both Indies seems but an accessory to the command 
ee with the declension of her commerce, England must 
decline 


supplyit whose news of ‘war, men ani) moncy; to, support the 
Sto ig roetra ysbeciedl'by ae thes fall mits chereSocey simule 


it not to neglect a defence of such vital importance os her 
the hey which demands the most serious perontiepacr stl 


wooden be rivalled by none ; our seamen and officers meet 
enemies on equal terms; und let not our naval churucter be to 
suffer from a dsailar to at the commencement of the late: 


tr 


tionary, and thot which does not advance will 
lately promoted in the French service, have been from mmong 
our press, frequently before them in the original langunge, as well ae 
wenreree Piece neitcr tat ve tho good nen tb 


the attention of my mses ‘to naval tactics, mancetuvring in single 
actions, small squadrons, &e,: they must for the future pr 
dently to mect the prudence of their adversaries. ihe aheeeaoa 
although they had ships of double the foree of ours, still left nothing to 


© Many of wlioun still his ‘the list, where their exertions had placed them 
Woota enkeeearieiee a 





THOUGHTS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OP SHIPS. 325 


chance. The little sketch of Sir Howard Vouglan on le actions,” 
in_his work on Naval Gunnery, is excellent; and here I venture to 
axk us a public boon, that he who seems to purtuke of the naval genus 
of his great and modest progenitor, will e apt ct that ho 
appears capable of doing so much justice to. Finally, it will in future 
actions be incumbent on the captains to place their ships close along- 
side their oppovents on equal terms, or in other words, an little crippled 
as possible. Jack is now, generally speaking, well trained to his gun ; 
Lis beef, pudding, and plack, will ‘do the rewt. Nor can I leave this 
useful gon of Britain, without expressing a regret at the late reduction 
of blue jackets, and ‘supply of marinos in licu. The marine roquires 
only a few months’ drill; the thorough tar, who “should be all as one 
‘fs 4 picee of the a requires an apprenticeship of seven. 
that almost from infancy. Every man employed in the navy will make 
room for another in the merchant service. Instead of reducing thi 
number, let us weed, keeping choice men alone, as is done in the army. 
‘more seamen we have, the less necessity will there be for reeur- 
rence to the obnoxious measure of impressment ; and the more respect. 
able they are, the less occasion will there be for resorting to. 
ent, the last resource of every proper ep 1 differ, 
from one of your correspondents, in as much that I think the 
powor and degree of punishment must be vested in the captain alono, 
who, by the quarterly returns, is under the immediate surveillance of 
his Ce at jef, as well as the board of Admiralty. Thus 
Fares we shall be for the first blow, which (as the proverly 
) is half the battle, ‘To speak Loldly but honestly of this reduces 
tion as a point Oo ie daca B it ia, faba at the wrong 
end. Rather let the example of a Camden and that of our illustrious, 
TE eager os ie tepuras f inquiry into th bet 
tou on inn) ice of in ito the matter re 
us, Pata run through the various mee Cael varied they too truly 
are’ 


fn our naval service, and wing with the first- 

rate, say how much it is indobted to the Admiral for 
the Britannia and Regent to sea, shipe which had not been 

tried, for years in commission ;+ and it must be remembered 


that 1¢ great changes, from the Caledonia, a ship that 
Fadl peetived ihe fillet spprotation of (ar a anil), ooe'of the fic¥t 
authorities in the British navy, namely, Lord Exmouth, who in her 
‘was accompanied by two superior seamon, in the master of the fleet and 
master of the shi both stil usefully serving their cou ag mastors- 
attendant in our dock-yards. These officers coincided in ie opie at 
Sackett this ship bas been altered, to the great regret of the dis« 
dimiral, for the purpose of increasing her weight of metal ; 

before was such a to bave rendered her al respectable in 

the line: it was a pity, therefore, toapply the hand of ‘rather than 





Tis litle wate how lle to wool grace the page of your sli Brie 

ocr 

t The Marine At sent afloat at the time, if not, in what 

rosld they ites (om tng land service ae 

a age eect ey ap eam te paren 
See giclee mai aell orate cia tance dneatye 

Sani So Baer atta et a : 


=. 


326 THOUGHTS ON THE 





mast be 
built after ‘the Canopus, ‘such aay 
rasa ‘wo our good sense In fr 
val of Se eeme! ye geod pape che 
forgetting she was Rraisae ee a sige 





ohn Gore, Sir Arthur 
Bal Tata, can be appealed to: 
and Commander resi Tn eI smaller than this 


‘month are Sirius, en Minerva ; but by what, stra pa 
we have been induced to husband such ships os the Naind and Boa 
dicea, discardi sie wi tte pd det 
Spe ‘The French Hebe was a favour) Sa stand, 
t after. 


Geeeaccen by Sir Robert and Astrea, a sister 

ould riot the Mermaid and Tris Sane Rule's) have 

le admirable twenty-six or twenty-eight gan them 

differently and with heavier guns; fortune, reste ‘twenty= 
four-| chambered guns on the mainedeck. Lf their 
not more rah arte seven Thanafed and fifty, be deemed too much, 


to the alent itt e of ii the tonnage of our Jet us 
rood lsat eh rete the Vestal, ‘nd cone oe 
rane wc 1790 and » very far superior to such 








eee ve ufderwod, with mspeet ots hip) were ao ‘exnet, that be. 
draft of water on lagnching, as well ae when fully stored ‘and provikioned for 


‘This ship's, 1 bellevo, breaking up at Portsmouth. 1: isto be hopud bo, fea are 


¢ The Melampus was, 1 aleve, built by Liveryol arehitet 
and a4 gue ahip, al aering bs 


seerrvon Soabout fight bandera tan; ay 
meaner vaeechasabered quid; aA two ang eighteens ot tweet) fous * 


i = 





CLASSIFICATION OF SIIIPS. 827 


of 
Fe 
t 





ne 
i 


Melina with and diecomfited Tiga A woyin 
that their wear and. tear 


s 
Hy 
a 
ree 
Pag 
iT 
a 
auth 
aeL 
435 
ay 
Pe 
nile 
£Es 


sailed in the ene caeace which time A wan indy 
period x week at ores. ata less expense than 
;, a schooner of fifty tone, ‘Those vessels kept 
fieetness with the experimental ships; and when 
on the ee of canvass of the last-mentioned, their hu 
weight of guns ou thelr deck, although one hy ere ee ten 
ae pais fovory advantage in their equipment, will any 
tirige lad fair play? If, os I before observed, Mashed cor- 
‘are necessary, Jet us build them ; but Jet every vessel be of 
hei kind. The number of brigs can be ‘reduced, preserving the it 
of them, or those with the most beam. 
Thave now reached the last, the least, the most, contemptible vessel 
as 9 man-of-war our oa" SAY; probably any avy in. the known world 
ipcoonting oh that of his H. the eee or his 
*F Otakelie, T mean the eaceguas re which I will first 
are good seu 


re in case of being wrecked and, sane ae Jost, are. “ 
co of haat niin when wo, consider the 


AEE 
a a 
ee 


alight brass gun 


fe ig i Lean San their tonnage, ery 
a enon he ego peter ‘As vessels, they 
Iy not beam nou i, putting the room: for working the 





828 «THOUGHTS ON THE CLASSIPICATION OF SHIPS. 


guns (40 necessary) out of the question. Capt. would, £ 
think, pebltaael} a twelve or fourteen-gun brig, of equal (or a 


of your 
T maintali Ml caleulated for that shew do 
oa se or accommodation ; these, hi mare 


sembling in some the Old Penguin eee! fram thi 
The Ketch T conceive, be useful as n pases 
rotate in the Channel, whe a long fun to fe el sath tow and six 
or eight twenty-four ler carroni the lanits lieve, an= 
sirers walls the Gleanee was, 1 have understod, very 
T eatnot cartiada wistunt alldding 6 the Enc typtenl BF 
ing their veusels, as published in the Ith Number of Morgan 
Crouze's Popers on Naval Architecture, and asking if we eamnot do 
likewise, for instance— 
oe yea Tine-of-battle Ships, sueh as Neptune, Britannia, Re= 
eesecond Class line-of-tattle Ships, such as London, Nile, Calcutta, 
and the ninety-two yun ships in coarcaelee 
‘Third Class lino-of-battle Ships, such as Asin, Ganges, Vi Re. 
ss Class line-of-battle Ships, such a Revenge, Bulwark, and 
such like. 


First Class Frigntes—the Razée's, such ax Barham, &c. with thirtys 
“Sd Char on mainadeck, 

ass | em ft Worcoster, with twenty-four 

romad Class F Sirius, Minerva, Amphitrite, with eighteen 


‘Twenty-six Gun Shi rsd of Sir Thomas Hardy's cham- 
dered thirty-two pounders on the main-deck, two eighteen pound= 
crs Be a opt cata ‘on trucks on quarter deck, and two long brass 


iteen =e “Brige, built after the largest, with e thirty-two 
iat carina ea ight brass six asia) Eat Ha hp on 
Riecastis as chase rege sane tak ea also for boat. 
‘Twelve or fourteen eee twelve or fourteen twenty-four 
ae semen eat one She brass gun for chase gun, 
eta Gun eee igen it cir ooe pounder carronades, and 
one long ae pounder ‘before th 1@ maak. 
ships and store ships, as recommended in your Just 
ce Sir ‘uel Bentham, are well worthy the consideration of 
a eos Lead understand well the transit of stores to their rm 
« 
These te perlepa be little prtinits in the Soregnn Tamera 
the Tas iene © agitate and Stee afloat this very pee 
stock and in offer 2 bhi ecpare founded on a certain share 
those of others, should they be 


F 





00) Tam ail’ 
pele cree pier cay my own. 


329 


GREAT GUNS ON A NOVEL CONSTRUCTION. 


AmonG the various suggestions which have for their object the 
ippemenent ea ie Seti ia = vain look for one 
‘practical application, alt! now of the greatest impor= 
tance thir oF Tonal teat teselee ae edfisgentatl seal @ 
nstruction, com with the present, both as regards the protec- 
it would afford and facility of firing, are so aj nt, that we 
wonder not at the many ingenious attempts which have been made 
to obtain this desirable object. It still, however, remains a deside= 
ratum ; but we have strong grounds for the opinion that the following 
which has been just made the subject for a patent by its in- 
ventor, John Tucker, Esq. of Hammersmith, in the vicinity of London, 
will be found in every way to effect this purpose. 

“We have for several days been in possession of a model of this inven= 

lent to us by the above gentleman ; it has been minutely ine 
spected by several of cur most scientific officers in the various depart- 
ments of both branches of the Service. The simplicity of its construction, 
and the increased rapidity with which shot may be discharged from it, 
estimated by its inventor as three to one, exclusive of, perhaps, its 
greatest recommendation, that of preventing the present. unavoiduble 
exposure of men while londing, are qualities possessed by it which are 
obvious on mere inspection. 

‘The model, a sketch of which is given at the end of the basa 
tion, is mounted os a ship-cannon; its advantages will, however, 
at once recognized vA our readers to be as great, if not greater, in 
fortifications, or ax field artillery. To the latter, a kind of wings or 
‘mantlets it be attached, which could be so contrived, by means of 
longitadi , that while in motion they would occupy little more 
‘space than the breadth of the curringe, and on the guns preparing for 
otions he wings or mantlets could apo 

shee or mantles ean ceo deal, about fits feet 
and a half high, covered on the side opposed to the enemy with strong 
hide, und stuffed with any light stesttcseacerials such a8 =} horse-hair, 
or even straw, would afford to the gunners » perfect security at leust 
against small arms and riffes, or even cavalry, and might be made of 
sufficient aa to join that of the adjacent gun. 

‘Another advuntuge which presents itself, is the facility, in case of 
being obliged to retreat from the guns, of their being rendered per 

harmless should they fill into the enemy's possession ; the mere 
attraction of the moveable plug, which can be instantly effected, is all 
that would be . 

Tt has een Eiated that the great expense attendant on the altera- 
tion of the present construction of our ordnance, would probably deter 
the Government from adopting any project of this description, however 
desirable it might prove. On tl ib plntwd wil sare offer a stion,, 
Pes the principle and decision where the power is vested. 
Te is well knows, that nt our various arsenals, depbts, and dockyarda, 
there are more pieces of ordnance now netually constructed, than by 
ony arity of reasoning can be brought into use during the next one 
hundred years ; here, then, is an immense quantity of property in gun 

U.S. Sours. No. 15. Mancu, 1030, z 


332 


ON THE DIMINUTION OF EXPENDITURE WITHOUT IMPAIR- 
ING THR EFRICIENGY OF THE NAVAL AND MILITARY 
ESTABLISHMENTS, - 5 


Mr. Enrron,—On the opening of the present Session of 
ment, the Lords Commissioners having communicated his M 
intentions of making “a considerable reduction in the Rrra: 
Expenditure, without impairing the efficiency of our Navat and Military 
establishments,” it seems incumbent on any one whose studies and occu~ 
pations have been directed to the subject, to suggest such means as, in 
consequence of those studies and occupations, nted them= 
selves to him as ue Lees to the an Ser a “ intentions. 

In order to ive any diminution of ex; iture ine 
fluence the efficiency of these establishment, it vcs: yin the 
first instance, to form a distinct idea of their ultimate object, since their 
efficiency can be no other than their subserviency to the attainment of 
that object. In the first of my “Essays on the management of 
concerns,” I have defined the object of these establishments as being one 
and the same; namely, “ the acquisition and maintenance of a warlike 
force, and the due employment of that force, whenever, and wherever, 
the security and prosperity of the country may require it." The con- 
siderations which seemed requisite in determining on the sufficleney of 
the means employed for attaining this object are brought to view in the 
continuation of that essay, from which it appears, that the means 
which expenditure may be diminished in either of those branches 
public service, mast cme tadcr the head oF tho materiel or of the 
personnel. . 

In regard to the materiel, saving in expenditure may be effected —By 
amiainhing the quantity to be provided, By dlininiohing the rate oF its 
cost—or, splping times when not wanted for the purpose for 
which it was provid |, to some other use which may compensate for 
the interest of the sums expended in its procurement, and for the wear 
and tear during such employment. 

‘The means by which these savings may be effected withont impairi 
efficiency, must, in regard to quantity of articles, be such ax ‘hall enable 
a lesser quantity to produce the desired effect ; and this may be attained 
—By improving their efficiency, their scrviceableness, their fitness; —By 
putting them to a full and uninterrupted, instead of « partial or oc- 
casional use, and, in this view, by adapting them in the instance 
to the greatest number of uses for which they can be made 
#0 that when not wanted for ane use, they may be cay 
to another,—By rendering them in the tirvt instance less linble 
usual to injury, and easier of repair; and whether in or out of use,—By 
maintaining ina manner better suited to protect them from loss, 

ion, or deterioration, whether by natural or artificial causes. > 

The means by which any diminution of the cost of articles can bo 
effected are Ete sxpalienty by which rmanufuctured urticles of 
materiuls may be purchased at a less expense than usual—By improves 
ments in the operations, and in the management requisite for manufic- 
turing materials into a state fit for use—or, By substituting a 
cheaper urticle for a more costly one. 

These saad of Simiakehing expenditure in the materiel,’ are evi- 
dently applicable, not only to the more immediate implements of war- 












| aul 


NAVAL AND MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS. 333 


fare for naval and land service, such as guns and other immediate im- 
plements of destruction, vessels of war, and all the articles subservient 
to their navigation ; but also to all those costly articles requisite for the 
providing and waintaining those implements of warfare ino state of 
readiness for service, aa ports, harbours, arsenals, and all other esta- 
blishments subservient to the land and sea service, including the en= 

sines and machinery requisite for duly carrying on the various opera 
tious necessary in these estublishments. 

So in regard to the personnel, a diminution of expenditure may be 
effected—By diminishing the number of persons empl. y aia 
nishing their rate of pay—or, when not wanted for the specific service 
for which they are engaged, By employing them at such times in some 
other manner, by which compensation may be afforded for the amount 
of their 19, and by which, at the sume time, their aptitude for their 
‘own specific duty may, if possible, be improved, but. at least in no wise 
i ain ‘1 bubject which will be treated of in a future communication. 

faving in the last Numbers of your Journal suggested two ee 
‘ents, by which a diminution of expenditure to the amount of hundreds 
of nds may annually be obtained, not only without impairing 
efficiency, but with a considerable increase of it; I now proceed to 
suggest another source of economy, from whieh still greater savings 
may be derived, accompanied with a very extensive increase of efliciency, 
namely, in the improvement of the construction of vessels of war, in- 

ling, of course, thove for the transport of the military, On this 
subject Ihave no hesitation in aflirming, that vessels of superior 
perties may be constructed at an expense not exceeding two-thirds of 
the usual expense of building vessels for war, and [might add, many of 
‘those for commerce. 

‘That this assertion is not unfounded, has been sufficiently shown in 
the instance of several vessels built, tried, and found on the minutest 
examination, after long continued und severe service, to have been in 
an extraordinary dh efficient, strong, and durable. The vesselx 
‘that have afforded this experience were the six I was authorized to 

according to my own ideas, in the year 1795. 

OF these six vessels, two, the Dart and Arrow, were of about four 
‘hundred tons cach, and although in size SH ‘most nearly resembled a 
twenty-eight gun frigute, they were cla as sloops of war; ors 
were armed at first with twenty pieces of ordnance, thirty-two pour 
ers, vome of them carronades, eome short guns of an improved form, 
mounted, some on common, some on non-recoil carriages, but these im- 
eet ecs were afterwards changed for carronades, on account of the 

ificulty of finding shot of the requisite accuracy in size; and the care 
riages, at the earnest and rey request of the commanders, were all 
chi to non-recoil ones ; the number of guns was increased first to 

ar, then to twenty-eight, all thirty-two pounders ; to which 
afterwards two more were added on the quarter-deck, making a total 
of thi jal of the same calibre; and although the eighty men 
at first allowed would still have been sufficient to work these guns, 
mounted as they were, the complement was increased to one hundred, 
with a view to casuulties and manning prizes. 

The awnaller vossela were from about one hundred and fifty to 
one hundred and sixty tons; they were at first intended as advice 
‘boats, aud to mount only two or four guns each for firing signals, Ww 


bd cote 


| 


334 ON THE DIMINUTION OF EXPENDITURE 


ty for sailing and service in heavy sens, and their re~ 
geht svatre having ben sion pereie they were 
za Pan sc sixteen carronades, twenty-four ibaa 


nd Redbridge, with sixteen Bee Spices 
ake a ae ead with two pelea} tad also, were 


much superior to that of other vessels ifr size, - crew of the 
ee but eixty men, of the others ty including cers OF 


eames Bie oie aoe it might affect $ 
‘at sea, all six were nearly similar; generally it was more 
ti ts os ane Sh on et ar 
3 were, lingly, est at the uj 
the mot rele a the ers a well et eal el yeas 
sels had no square stern, the a lanks of ay sides bending round and 
meeting at the stern port usat the head ; and they drew less water than 
other vessels of their size and force, By carrying ee in fixed tanks. 
ey 


‘than if in casks as usual, and therefore te remain eee on their sti- 
tions ; and by the arrangement of the receptacles for their stores 
were really to the full pot ‘tablished aleh 
there was a greater height between decks, and more space and. better 
accommodations for the crew. In the ize vessels, in 
there was not far from double the cgohe heaps decks, that there was: 
between those of a bites gun friga 

As Be ae ss apeeicrity strength, so ao as deputies on. spaces 
arose prin weir decks being made straight, ‘hereby afd 
ing a tie ip Tete sare bending called Aogging, for which when 
cu are very ineflicient; and from the general regulur ae 
the exterior ho the planks thus pe are ‘pressure th 
ter, as more like the staves of a As tthe prc 
atracture which contributed to this superior strength, the 
nerally was thicker than usual, ee ‘icularly that of the 
upper strakes of the Lopsides; ull the transverse bulkheads in the hold, 
requisite to form separations for the stores, with some additional bao 
for the purpose of preventing the extension of leakages, as well as those 

ween decks for the accommodation of officers, all of which in other ~ 

Betis ua made slight and loose, purposely to seals $4 the it inegintlteat 
versel, and therefore useless us to strength, as 
partitions required to form cases for the oe? tele wore in all 
these vessels so combined with the bottom sides and deck, as to afford 
a powerful resistance to racking. ‘The water-tanks were also all made 


* Yor the ‘ofall these vessels, see Naval Pay 
heen arming. se vessels, sce Naval Papers, No.7, 








Extreme breadth. 
‘eet. inches, 
Netley ee em ee 
Millio | 82 6; 2 ff lal 6 
eu jogdhd fee rm esr UR 








$ Seo Naval Papers, No.8, page 1 
F for particular of structure Sn 
No. I, page 22, and Naval Wapers 





nrength andl , 0 Naval 
a nga Ml dap see Naval Vapees, 


=| 


IN THE NAVAL AND MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS, 335 


to contribute materially to the of the structure, and 

wherever eS be no ae ead to resist the transverse 

pe of the sides, diagonal transverse braces were put between 
ITs, 

On the consideration thut the strength of a vessel depends chiefly 
on the planking, and that the chief use of the timber or ribs is to 
hold the planks together, the planking of these vessels was’ nccord- 
jagly made 50 much thicker, as to admit of a great diminution in the 
usual size of the timbers, as well as in their numbers. Nevertheless, 
the timbers employed were ima manner to contribute also to 
general strength ; since, 


Serencten the head, and those near the stern were inclined forward in 


ap th eeslageatsh benliagy eax Kross 
pith weclbcnaisy cal Gare cher Wearelsted emacs 


, 








‘Tho beams, instend of being as usual square, were of the customary 
dere ba oly bal he iaudtin phic adbaited of thete mnaber betey 


For connecting the beams to the sides, inatead of knees, ieces 
(since called shelf-pieces) were introduced, which were fastened flat 


tenings to combine the component parts together, Instead of the 
fuany tronaaile for fuatening tho ooteide planks, which have been 


ar 

ling the plank of the deck, which are found deficient on account 

ted ped ; which, by the i ser the parts 

int a tem sw ie increw ize at the 
pended Pe 


was evidently far more efficient than the usual 
‘ing the but of the planks, so as to prevent their starting off by 
ir elasticity, or otherwise, short screws of copper were used ; which, 
afford them greater thickness at parts where increased dimensions 
more wanted than Cena of pre , they were Lae hollow. 
these improvements in the means together the parts on 
olny op lage rig Gots 
to the ribs, were 50 ly jer, ns to 
the greet oft sty ening tease hem, nam 'y, the 
ing; and this was effected by means of a sixth part only of the 


AG 
é 
4 
iz 
f 
= 
E 
E 
Ey 


a 
ie iG 
H 

i 

i 

: 

i 

Py 

z 

i 


any 


ga 


336 ON THE DIMINUTION OF EXPENDITURE 


metal usually. splayed kn: fartecingn, whith cholng :oxppenenmeatie 
Poustieeablo Rare in expense. 

As to a pu clits attended to in the ‘construction frases ie 
general, the absolute weight of the hull, it was ascertained in 
to the tes fee ae, ee uence of the diminished quantity of mate- 
pele amounted to only three-fifths of that of 

Sa icone =a ns igh aed in frigates, not so long as the Dart.* 

In regard to the difference | in workinanship, notwithstanding a ae 
ber of items, intended for purposes not nimed at in other 
Niseticeds so many useless articles were on the other hand patie 


that by the report of a master-shipwright ordered to examine the Dart 
eel ie at minutely, it was found to be a quarter part less than the 
of another ‘vessel of the same size built as usual. . 


wean thie meee of particulars in the construction of these ves= 
sels, it will be evident that vessels constructed in a similar manner, 
may be built with a considerable diminution of the usual cost ; and in 
confirmation of this, it may be noted that the eer of the premises 
on which these vessels were built, a ship-build as and timber-merchant 
much employed for the service of the navy, and perfectly ncquainted 
with all the details of structure of these vessels, offered to oi re 





employed 

"pepe the aiitaney of Giver acsls for warfare, aa shown by actions 
at sea, details sdeeg found yates Naval Hi: of tet Their beha~ 
viour at sea will best a ferent reports an 
Ueurwblek Igppen ta romain Jn my hand. hope you wi vill noe Ani ie ‘ 
following extracts from some of them too long for insertion in your jour- 
nal, ,comedasing the proof they afford of their efficioney and of the im= 


mense saving that would result to private individuals as well as to the 
naval service, were a third of the expense of building vessels saved, and 
which Iam satisfied would be udmitted, were the efliclency as os 
the strength of the vessels in question as publiely known, as they were 
satisfactorily proved. 

The Pe pa extracts are taken from official reports and Da 
letters from the following persons: Captain, the late TRear-Admiral Re 
Raggett; J. Helby, Foreman of Shipwrights ; Cupt. Patrick Campbell, 


* This lig Hina Sg habe an i nb ee 
ih these vents, as ani tanks for water, and canisters for gu ma papen 








of rudder, pintles and 

RE. boad and stora, 6%] 

tibility of articles, der. See Naval Paper 
and’ Practice of Naval 


neous 
86, 88, 99, 167, 171. 
Hialary, pages B54 to 368402 to 484—A91 to 


ali 










IN THE NAVAL AND MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS. 337 


C.B. ; Capt. Brownriga ; Lieut, now Capt, F.G. Bond ; Capt, Sir Wil- 
Magn i ae now Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Laurie; H. Peake, 
Prats ‘eke, Surveyor of the Navy ; Lieut. now Capt. Mat- 

8. Benruan. 

DART, 
His Majesty's Sloop Dart, at the Nore, 27ih Mi 

“ Having Forty-six eal pi ptt sf ign wena convey’ t Lee Mad gra ai dif 
cally to prevent her ranoiag away font them seith only the fore and ania top 
sil doublerecfed down upon the expyand braced aback. ‘She answers ber 
‘owl ad is qui in tay ven when the sliding koe are up but withthe 
fore koel down two foct, quick indeed. Yesterday it blew strong at west and 
-west, turing through the Queen’a Channel, and with the fore sail 
close reefed, fore and mizen top-sail and one reef out of the main, mizen stay- 
aint ib ‘two-thinds in, close by the wind, she went nine knots by the log, and 

lea it waker. Te. Race. 7” 


“His Mi ijesty oop Teats at ies Nore, ae il, 1798, 
SaicMrs ssa bars alwrces frase ste Dart acey, andl dosa-oos.atsata cece im 
least, ‘on,a wind, she is weatherly, and does not require more than 
three fet of ber sliding keels down, its cea eects ie and ‘works 
well, In A rd ea, and. bofore the wind, she rolls, but never labours 
Tt ink her pitching less than most ships I have 
Sete: Seber 

ney norleey R. Raooxr.” 












courses and ily about two points from the wind ; ina very short 
pani ao st prada tas pipes each on tas oetaees 
vice 5 making excellent weather of ity and not straining in the lenst. 
From what could observe of the others, they acemed to be much strained, and 
gave up the chase shortly after we had assed them. ‘This is only one of the 
many instances in which 1 have seen her excel. Pararc Carns” 
* Dart off Duakit 27h May, 1800. 
“ “Aner a month's trial, Tmay venture an opinion of de Dart’s ailing tn her new 





aber oyante 36, Nemesis 26, anid Babet 24, "i ‘of whom reckoned 
wee sailers, ny fresh, we have evidently the ree Mi winds we 
much ou afootng. Teoneeive a good inference my 
‘rent coin never saw a squadron sai) more alike, which is say- 
ions deal, as vo in general are prejudiced in favour of their own ships, 
IN ind good deal of it agatnot us. ata thers any te lop in the mie 
‘lt will sail ov that parity with frigates?» When Laie nne 
pay her _— one flor, to our belie on ace 
count of her battery, but her vor teh beter wou et ten they do. I 
Spray o0| shy ord we were a9 dry on our decks Jo the lee gale, which 
‘was by'no means St In fact, we 
did not ship a I of the shij ly easy. Iam informed 
by officers of the ships in oapeateas no except their qoarter-dooks 
was dry. P.Castures” 
- “ Dart, off Dunkirk, 6th June, 1800. 


oe 
: 


this cs a og terete she in oh 
and eer ‘since her rig has Len T have had 
ing wea an tae eas ra tee 
alclspe routs tarasdle vere TICE 


Wee 
1 


" 


338. ON THE DIMINUTION OF EXPENDITURE — 
tend sex} and once with topalls and fered ‘There is nothing snow 
wanting to complete her but the non-tecoil guns. ana P. Campnrts.” 


“1 ship behave better i ante Day ihe nls daap bale 
paver saw a wve better in a sea 
ety my } und, aaa ourincing proof other being so very easy, we hava not 
carried ryt in all the bad weather that we have: 
expand anu cerpcninal beta that I would not exe 
eee fe ae Browsnico.” 
ARROW. “s707. 
Me The Arrow can ml over most of th shoals and rocks that must be avoided 
by othor ships of her rate. FG, Box,” 
s, Arrow, teh Febriny, 1800, 
ag Lied to have vome sheets of copper taken ff in diferent places 
a elng rie ve we found very in every part; ery the ee 
The had never tried better work in his fife. "The ships 
pc Ser Diba pula oe ser, ead et 
‘strong at gunwal ‘must have r ¥ 
bs Vier 


433d Api 
“The liar construction of the Arrow, admits of on the 
being wad in all directions sei iaaehliibaes 2 = 


fast 
“nN Bacileur aud Havre, 17h August, 1 
“Wi out ne er dis sa alngle-tefed voll re Deon aaa 
the Diamond. a cr sec hate ho vgn ts sopra 
in addition, you may conceive the difference. FG. " 
= Notley off Havre, 28th Saptember, 1798. 
ra cea ad oe neo with os when the sa ac and 
ne mean ar so enable claw off eatore asthe Noy. ‘Shae gala 


estat ly a spell of the pump in eight hours. ie eppics Lisa eal 


kr iv be galecor a cola as tn her Leaking, whi i to an 





“Netley, Spithead, pee $700. 
“Tn our Wet gmntiectaarrerte mites £ 
af ing with ets tat ont 


Thad m: of | the 
"Tororo any opportunities mae Nati fo weds 


fall mile in the wind’s eye in one hour; and a few days subsequen aa 
the Diamond lesb guariers G0 aif i when fa the iuine aon 


see sor ve et T assure you, capes 

1o find such omineot qualities in this litle vessel, 

Senna ef at of strength, although T have ofte 
chase. She steers quick, and is lively in a sea, and increases her ct peas 
‘the storm augments, F.G.Boxn.” 

“ Andromache, ia the Downs, 26t) July, 1790, 

“ The Notlay is the dread of all the small privatoers that used to swarm onthe 


comet of Portugal, Indeed, for the short time she has beon undor my command, 





I 


IN THE NAVAL AND MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS. mS 


to speak mé dei 

Rete aalions suet crasoumenioneey sie tn Shes 
weatherly even with one of the keels gone, Laer T should be muc verre in 
ae to the commander, Lieut. Bond, did ea not mention he 


ly 

he will be returned to bis former station, as at se ish actory at 
See eters acknowl ie heusaites haat 
ted to him for the protection of their trade, and Bibehe tr the 

being tere than any other vessel they have ever had*”T hope their 
have received the joint letter they told me they meant to on the 

BERT Loa 

“ Netley, Lisbon, 29th Jan. 

“ By the letter which I have written this day to Brrr Ht elke geen 
‘the Netley’s successes have continued the same as heretofore. eleven days 
of stormy weather, &e. Nothing could yal the Netley in ao storms, 


fo he Ali ho tav he cy of ay eter 
good lial ad 
fr Charles Saxton ¢ tna dark sisters might 
P. G: Bown.” 
nee Pa eaerieny * 30th Apel 1801. 
ve pleasure to the in dock) is as feot to 
sdaksiten beta lawachings Phere ccamsPocd ter ¢> bos iden, 
Iyvand, ‘excepting the shabby apenas ali of the paint work, 
ves esa in he wo Bmore perfec 
saw; the nails in it as sehen ‘not rumpling, no nails out. Did- 
fellas dateane Puke Gare “se ‘sime as when be first inspected 
ber. Hi, Peake.” 
MILLBROOK. 
“ Portland, 18th Feb. 1799, 
Bad some ak with Mr, Poote ait Munford reypeting the very se- 
ae ‘that the Millbrook has had in laying across meta 
ia tli oa er des ‘They ae vey nt el 
the extrionlinary proofs 








fo much a the pits to have been broken at any part of her. I must confess I 
little surprised at it, considoring the situation she is reported to have been 
in H, Pearce,” 
“ath Feb, 1800, 
The services of the “Millbrook have boen so approved of Dy the Barrack 


‘Board as long ax he ges She is extremely fist, and in all weathers a good 


and heavy seas, she oul) Anicesie ‘one point 

smote sutsly cael wanda: O raesareh 

“ Aug, and Sept. 1903, 

"Tho Millbrook was in chave, and bei close hauled could not weather the 

Fan on it, where she lay soven ‘the sea beating over 

ie Se cerren tee mate ier ri 
‘most other vessels, csi sa her, 1 can now aver that 





the Ne this station, sho eapturod forty & 
grasses a em arr 


340 


RECOLLECTIONS IN QUARTERS. 
A BURMAN ADVENTURE. 


Dorrie the Inte service in Ava, my favourite amusement of an 
ovening was to paddle about in a canoe made out of the trunk of a tree, 
and to visit any interesting objects that presented themselves on the 
banks of the majestic Irrawaddi, which ee of its course winds: 
through beautiful wooded hills, the sceae of many a skirmish, and 
afterwards rolls over golden sunds to the Buy of One lovely 
evening T was gliding down the gentle current, and was admiring the 
luxuriant foliage of the tropical trees dipping their it branchos 
into the stream, their leaves glittering with gold, and emonget which 
insects of the richest colours and of singular appearance were disport= 
ing themselves. Below an aged trunk Jay two alligators ia 
dieaG and shebitogly enjeylog the last roys of the:ain. “Aaa 
approached, they thrned a suspicious eye towards me, and then plung- 
ot their serrated backs under water. 1 held on my course, and saw at 
some distance in the jungle the gilded spire of a temple conspicuous. 
‘over the dark green leaves. 

So secluded a fune bad an inviting air about it, and thinking that 
the enemy wus at a distance, I pushed my canoe on shore, and shoul- 
dering my paddle, wended my way through the entangled wood. ‘The 
air was cool and refreshing, and I felt myself in high health and spirite 

With gentle murmur comes the breeze, 
Just kissing as it passes by: 
‘The shutting flowers and leafy trees; 


‘A twilight gloom pervades the woods, 
Treouah if thee Laskewtog soitades 
‘Ard neither were they silent ; for besides the Lum of myriads oP in= 








. On the ground, the ocoasic 
rustling of the withered leaves indicated the retreat of a striped snake, 
T arrived ot an open spot, and on a gentle eminence the pagoda rose 
before me, ‘The tall spire, surmounted by its gilded (ee, or umbrulle 
of fillagree iron-work, rested on its circular buse, in which was a small 
dark shrine, with « grotesque door-way, to which a few broad 
led; the bells, with their leaf-shaped tongues, which bung round 
tee, were agitated by the breeze, and emitted a wild and mournful 
chime. Those only who have lain awake amongst the Burman pagoe 
das, and listened to their tinkling bells of different sizes and tones, can. 
know the extraordinary sensations which they occasion. They sy 
‘powerfully affected my feelings, and on this occasion, as heretofore, 
spirit went wandering in a mournful reverie. All at once I was roused. 
to a sense of my situation by a slight female scream; and a maiden im 
ailk attire, with a few white flowers twisted in her hair, who had been 
beating rice at the door of a wooden building with a triple roof, ran 
into the jungle on perceiving me. I called to her to remain, but she 
ageiaitis C'aatorsd tile Poonghee, or Priest’s house, near the 
» to examine it, 


RRCOLLECTIONS IN QUARTERS. S4L 


The pr fel ae room, raised on piles, some distance above the Ly 
‘was large and clean. Here and there mats were spread on the floor: 
at the upper end were Pe chests, covered with glass of 
different colours, and a profusion of gilding; on these were models of 
pagodas, also rich .d alabaster images of the Boodh, ina sitting 
posture, with thei: ars resting on their shoulders, and their leas 
crossed under them. chests contained the sacred writings on slips 
of ivory ; and books in the vernacular characters, written with an iron 
style on palm leaves, ay on the mats I was contiaaing any srutin 

‘the apartment, when I heard rough voices outside; and ay it mou 
me that it might be some stragglers from the army, I climbed up on a 
shelf, and there ensconced myself behind an idol, to observe who might 
enter. Presently three stout Burmans came in; their checked ck 
‘thrown across their left shoulders, bound round the waist, and hanging 
to the knee, Ueptt the old ane costume. On their feet they 
wore sandals, and showed formidable calves to their legs, and the mus 

of the right arm were very conspicuous : on their heads were white 
and red cloths, tied in a knot in front ; and cigars were stuck through 
an orifice in the ears. Two of them had dhars in their hands, or curv- 
‘ed swords, with the handles as long as the blades, most powerful wea- 
pons in decapitating or taking off ax arm. The third carried on his 
shoulder a spear, ornamented with the tail of Thibet cow. 

Tt was evident that they wanted to make my acquaintance, and for 
no friendly purposes; most likely to do my head the honour of being 
resented to his Majesty of the Golden Feet, and to impale my bod 
the river's side. I felt if E had by chonce brought any weapon ; 

nothing but my paddle, and was annoyed with myself for in= 
dulging my propensit; adventures in so defenceless u state. Quiet~ 
ly [ remained watching the Burmans, who looked narrowly round; 
cursed me for being out: of the way, and then wont ont to look for me 
elsewhere, I remained in my elevated position for some time, and be- 
ginning to tire, thought I might venture to look after my canoe ; 90, 
tucking up my sleeves, and pulling my trowsers over my knees, with 
handkerchief round my waist, I prepared for w run, and a 
from my shelf, looked out nt the door, and finding the const cloar, 
‘was malta towards the jungle, when, as ill-luck would have it, in 
crossing the open space in front of the pagoda, I saw my three friends 
near it. Like a soldier, I sprang into.a bush, and commenced a 
rapid retreat, as if the great enemy of mankind had been behind me. 

‘he moment they saw me, they set up a shout and dashed after me ; 
‘away we went through the brushwood, in spite of thorns and snakes, 
‘opening a ay throngs the branches, and searing the birds which were 

themselves for the night. I hoard my parssére et sore dis 
tance behind me, and was beginning to think that I hnd the best of 
the race, when ut the edge of a ravine, which I hod not seen before, T 
stumbled and fell over a fallen trunk. The foremost of the three was 
at my back in a moment, but fortunately [ recovered myself in time to 
lastktave blow with may paddle, smd then Jumped over the tank.” 
casi nde Mette pd bcd athe hl 
ining my canoe, into the middle of the stream, 

find Ike Grasoey* fou chew ni tore.” 


‘St. Petersburgh, June, 1820. LEA 













we RECOLLECTIONS IN QUARTERS. 


DULL-YIGUT EXTRAORDINARY, 


Tags are fw ofthe old “Peninsula” gentry who have not at some 
period a thelr ae sepsis witnessed ty but the cireume 


an 
sec tie Asin nt vay any ‘on the 
Sie. Ta ihe year 1, wan my me i an in November, 
in the it was m ona day 
da wees command the gure a hays Gate 
Dublin, where I was then quartered ; on the foll morning, about 
eight o'clock, wae walling In the Castle-ya ‘8 summons to 
breakfast, w) ween. tn pelle nf ay anaciate coment ‘very body has 
seen or heard of the Castle of Dublin; “not to know it argues oneself 
unknown ;” it is the tenth wonder of the world, and as such deserves to: 
be most carefully watched over. Accordingly, wherever u sentinel could 


of, 
hal flags allotted to him, and inbsling the savoury eee 
things issuing upwards tings of the kitchen areas of 
vice-regal courtiers. By the ihe Teg to my ad 
sentries were meen ludicrous, and have often overcome the 
which T ought to have cag lens gnee cise Coe 





plas 4 sort of Cresta “ commit no nuisance,” pane a certain: 
corner, overlooked from the apartments of the housemaids; but the 
most ridiculous was the reply made to me by a Sete To doup dane 
inclosed. plat; “ What are Thetis orders, Sir?” ““ To 

‘to all of Reciatign avachahe aes ‘iving that the man say 
‘cockney, 1 concluded that ea pony te 

eal purpose 5 however, the amused corporal explained to me, thas 
man's sole ‘business was to look to the safety of a pet hare ;—but this is 


ing, as 1 ee said, my atten 
‘tion was suddenl cad bya a and shouting in the lower-yard, 
Uhr the arch areny leah eediag: vos prhicE. in. 0. Sew Guomesiae ete 
up a ferocious-loaking bull, bellowing with r Aa aie 
nostrils nlmost touching the ground he "spurned ; fortunal 
try at this passage, on peaheartee the noise, stoy ped pyre of “the 
archway, as the monster, glancing its eye at him, rushed on towards. 
the Perle Sua ay i ee e Peat ot thn aie 
ments, and enseunced. hi behind a pillar. null, irritated at 
‘missing his object, ran pants on, with a lien i at my hero, 
Posted at the archway of the opposite extremity ofthe oblong ho 
Pear be devoted to destruction, as, with arms supported, ely 
waited the onset. He was an Irishman, a grenadier, and an 
pease aay who alway a obeyed orders to the letter. On raed om 
monster, headlong at ith a roar which I long remembered, and 


ze 


= 


NAVAL REMINISCENCES, 343 


just as Pat's life seemed not worth a sccond’s purchase, he carried 
arms, and came to the charge, half-sinking on his knees, whilst 
he made a h at his formidable axsailant at the moment of collision. 
‘It was a fearful thing, and I closed my eyes, horrified at the only re- 
salt which I could anticipate ; however, a shout of triumph from the 
Sener Ob Ss grenning sk ares convinced ane that my appre 
ons were needloss, I beheld the brute, but an instant so 
stretched lifeless on the earth, the black froth pouring from his 
mouth; whilst the attention of poor Pat, nothing the worse for his 
encounter, was solely bestowed on his broken bayonet, which he eyed 
very ruefully, and on my asking if he would wish to be relieved in 
juence of the shock he must have received, he declined, merely 
ng that I would bear witness that his arms were injured in de- 
his post. In 9 few minutes, the owner of the bull arrived with 
ropes and horses to drag it away. From him I learnt that the animal 
had always been remarkably vicious, and had killed its man in its 
time: having been voted a nuisance in its neighbourhood, it had been 
disposed of to the butcher, who that morning had treated his friends to 
a bull-bait, previous to knocking the brute on the head: the humane 


| 


“amusement having been concluded, the bull escaped from ity torment~ 


ors, when being driven to the slaughterhouse in the rear of the Castle. 
‘The bayonet had entered the animal's forehend, a little below the 
hhoms, and liad penetrated the brain to the depth of four inches 3 
ES ae of the bayonet exceeding that length remained in the sleull, 

was extracted in my presence. ‘The brave “ Matador” is still, I 





NAVAL REMINISCENCES. 


AN INCIDENT AT NAVARINO. 


‘Tn firing having ceased ot Navarino, Sir Edward Codrington sent 
a Lientnant om oud Aobaren Heyy ship toe any mada ot 
other assistance they might want. essel, with a crew 
epee Soke u thcosen xan kad’ bul cus meedloal ofioec-eni beards 
SeANa bod, tuformnnataly, been almost, the first mau Jdlled in, the eos 
tion. Her loss had been immense, and they had not thrown the dead 
overboard, nor removed their wounded to the cockpit, and the decks 
Rida ist horrible some of gord.endl mangle! bodies. “Alitdat 
ere fpectacle, abuat a dozen of the principal Turldoh officers, 








dressed, sat in the cabin upon crimson ottomars, 
with inconceivable apathy, whilst slaves were handing them their cof= 
foe. Bisicg tho Enplisk uniform apprwch the ealka, they etdaned 





Sa NAVAL REMINISCENCES, 
> — told 
te : 


ottomans and coffee for the Lieutenant, whe, however, 
them that he had more important business to attend to. 

ial’ iments, and offered any. " 
frigid ievcoremiecy coins cerunnySlntstienaiael babel ie 
ance whatever.“ ‘not our surgeon attend to 
« No,” geavely replied the Turk; “ wounded mea want-no: 
thoy soon die.” thi 


sea hime Ho isthe Admiral's Secretary. - aust havo otnforancos 


by Loin geako whom he requested our aflicer to take him. 

SiesBeieicd was alsttsdiwith hn far, m very. ong time, when ha-or= 

dored the Liextenant to put the Turkish Secretary and his: 

on shore at daybreak, wherever they might choose to land. 

on shore, they «aw the wreck of a must, on which about a 

wounded or exhausted Turks were “ipa seca to save 

“Tmust rescue those poor fellows,” suid the Lieutenant anxiously. 

“They are only as Areas and will soon die; never mind 

tl said the Turk, with the most composure... ‘Ut igany- 

acer if L did not help than, Leboddningres tie i 

reproved by the iral ;" saying which, the Lieutenant pr = 

wards the mast, and succeeded in saving about a dozen of these unhap= 
wretches, As soon as they were stowed in the bottom of thi 3 

nA ‘Turk, after a short, but apparently, profound medi d 

burst into an immoderate fit of ore “What is the 

cried the astonished Lieutenant jood God, what is there here 

Tough at?” “Laugh!” exclaimed the ‘Turk, with bitter epee, 

“Inugh !—by Allah! you English are a singular people: yesterday 

came into the Bay whilst we were quiet at our cata you 

‘our ships to pieces, killed or mangled all our mon till the fleet is one 

‘vast slaughter-house, and this morning, you pretend to be so humane 

that you cannot pass a score of wounded soldiers without putting 

self out of the way to save them.” The Licutenant was astoum 

und, having no reply to offer to this odd view of the case, they 

ed to shore in profound silence. 


N 











A WHALE ASHORE. 


Wire So Bo Cupe Town to Simon's Town, I visited the benu= 


tiful estate of Constantia, celebrated for its peculiar and 

wine, from whence it takes its name, The day had been unusually 
fine, but loured by degrees, and as evening closed in, the aky assum 

a threatening aspect ; heavy black clouds gathered in the south-west, 
and the Pghtning was seen playing vividly about the horizon, which is 
@ sure indication of the Cin of one of those terrible storms 80 
severely felt on the coast of Africa. - 


=. | 


NAVAL REMINISCENCRS, 345 


We pushed briskly on in hopes of escaping it, but the clouds de- 
scended v0 15 idly that they already capped the tops of the mountains, 
seeming ready to burst with their burthen; presently a tremendous 
elap of thunder broke directly over our heads, with such force that it 
a to shake the very earth ; vibrating and echoing in the mourts 
tains around, it rolled solemnly away in the distance, leaving a death~ 
like silence, which for a few seconds remained unbroken, when the 
rain came down in torrents, and in less than two minutes we weré 
drenched to the skin. 

We ped on at full speed, in order to save the tide (which was 
flowing) from preventing us rounding the point of Fish Bay, that 
stretclics out into the sea, and at high water is difficult and dangerous 
to pass. Pitch-darkness had now overtaken us, and the sea broke w 
the shore with violence ; as the waves receded from the beach, they 
left behind a strong phosphotic light, which had all the appearance of 
liquid fire, s0 that at intervals we could distinctly see each other. Our 
horses became alarmed at the lightning, and started at every object 
which met their view; presently we heard a most unusual noise, re- 
sembling loud moanings, accompanied with heavy shocks upon the 
earth, as if a ship was striking on the beach ; thinking that such might 
be the case, we rode in the direction from whence the sounds proceed- 
ed, but I soon lost sight of my companion, whose horse ran away with 
him. 


On nearing the sounds, my horse became so timid that I had great 
difficulty in urging him forward ; presentl ato] short and 
trembled, and by a sudden flash of lightning I distinctly saw the cause 
of his alarm, which certainly startled myself also: it was an enormous 
whale that had been driven on shore by the gale, The huge animal was 
floundering about vainly endeavouring to extricate itself; every slap 
it gave the shore with its tail sounded like a great gun, and the roar- 
ing noise which it made was truly terrific. 

My horse was now so frightened that he started off with me, render- 
ing my situation very perilous, for there are deep quick-sands in the 
bay, where several lives have been lost ; on one occasion a dragoon and 
his horse sunk together in them. However, I succeeded in pulling 
him in, and then had to dismount and climb over rocks and precipices 
in order to gain the road, for my horse would not face the sea again. 
It was midnight before I reached Simon’s Town, where the noise of 
the whale was distinctly heard, although at a distance of three miles. 
My companion did not arrive until three o'clock in the morning. 

‘On the following day numbers of persons went out to see the monster, 
which measured seventy-six feet in length. The whalers (there being 
a fishery established in the bay) soon took possession of the Brine, 








U.S. Journ. No. 15. Marcu, 1830. cae 


346 
FORKIEN, GEARY: (ol 
: FRANCE. © vile ome oa 
. f 
be CHlveays egy men he dng 10 which = 
tring cla ity army, or ‘alate ma Sas 
Se coven a deen of, 
authorised in ieeininpws. 
of the military missions ‘ad 
Twill fengets ye military mi now in operation ari 


Twill of net = a scarcely Lape cyt ee 
Fees ear rs 
mashes 2 arpa oi ses loco 





48 because = cut ‘consider that the non-existence of any prohibition of 
ings contains a tacit brew 7 of them. 

pons mission is opened for a regiment, a part of the man Prec 
mony, and among thete are some who only attend from motives of 
Thstilssonasies generally request that those men who wish to attend, A mar e 
Exempted from oy a ai |; might prevent them from so doing tnd some 








thse no ve ty ented, Sonik taenell es 
hn ay slay cule, Smet eam 
discourses 0 iregulaly, end always: wile 
foie ae nie : SNe 


ae 
“The men of a regiment are, in fact, divided into two classes,— 

fnfluenced by the mission, and. Rusa derice ed. Among the latter, are 
gro indulge in plasty atthe expense of be forner, Every oe i 


‘known in a regiment, that it is ae sure to be perceived when other motive 
those of real devotion Tead to the fulfilment of duties which can ye 

at any other time, and with less ostentation, If the of a 
regiment attend tacrcpts several soldiers will do the same, in the bope.of 
thereby meriting his good wil 


jj and thus hy ae is introduced into a corpes 
and, 


© Somi y top. 

zeal, proach that no one can be a reat fhe without ~ 

owing all the prictices of his roligion and gi y to. 

those foldiers who observe the ceremonies of the mission are; in thalr 

the best servants of the King: they add, that the subordinate should 

grounds of the-obedienca which i required of them, and with! watts: 

exneted from them should be found in operon to the Precopt the 

tinm Yeligion, of which they and the chaplains are, of course, the 
ilitary missions, therefore, tend to introduce disunion and 

aw into regiments; bot they may also produce other bad effects. ‘Thera 

in the anny, and particularly among the non-commissioned officers 











hie de la Guerre, par le M, de Chambray,” (continued from our last.) 
ns” (¢ 
’ 


il 





FOREIGN MISCELLANY. oat 


wi ‘de substituted for the point ofhonour? Be 
feet I do not believe it possible.” 


See . . 
wea ar eh grit a Fronh a ny are 
bes KA the result of a reduction of the old, fol ome by er 

oh OF now regiments, and of the change in manners which a new form of 


Beet’ insensibly working. Every ane isolates himsolf—’ pont of 
Let we pt ta anata. “—(pp, 83, 8d, cm 

Finnt picture of the prescnt state Of feeling in the 

ae is Avec a note, which states * thatthe present satiny con- 

Prd ‘French troops neither pot with the civil ‘constitution % Ke the 





2 
til 
7 
g 
A 








ordi 
that rapid promotion generally hodiens wis ‘of which, under 
geet ation ds most trying caret io aervo, ier at 


tien to the ee | os produce an extremely depressing effect upon the 

minds ofan ardent and enthusiastio soldiory © poder to him pacific soept it 
yield.” "The profession becomes alvo deprived 

fy thlul of thn wo ave ald crn Tet eee 

‘Tooked for and dosarved, but the Principal incipal inducement to that clase 
from which the junior ranks would be most judicionsly filled, is ree 

"In this particular, the British mode of advancement, ax we have before 


eee ‘a atriking posses, 
Ber rec tiaute eite ee 

de Cham! rincipal work, in wh ica 

fh oer the operations ane C ari the fnportance of fori- 

ex, are ably discussed, an ord 4 feed alines 

ea merits of te French and Dard etn infantry mancuvres: 


femands our attentio 
reba Peach kvfunty, anys tie aiiQher, * bniee i atuada. Gu dhe Gefons 
ot ae cece Mon vets fa ee 
a 
en i ina wih te aa Care) hi oe 


muy tenet either deployed or in close columns of divisions; it has 








+ tothe French Akela of the vacanéncs te fled up by sealer, 
watt neers sc loatsasloneh vaclaars, i ean: Mote: 
to-all vacancies obowe that monk. 
v Taz 






v4 


a EFES 
i a 
1 
3 


3 
I 
3 


atheet r 
aint 





it 
oi Ped bt 
Pita hee Wlticies tse eatin) val’ aa cecclins ate cerca ee 
Sede ve 
the eve ol an 
iment, regiment, in 





Bere) from whence 
‘thése men had di . troops were deployed on both sides, ‘The French 
in their usual manner f’ arme au bras. Arrived at a on dite ae 
the English line, which remained immoveable, some hesitation was manifested 
in the march, ‘The officcts and non-commissioned officers cried out to the 
«En qvant, marches, ne tires pas.” Some even called out, § Ls so rendewt. 
advance was then re-established, and the French had arrived within & very 
distance of the English line, when the latter opened a fire of wo ranks, 
catried destruction into the heart of the Fronch line, checked its moyernent, and 


iuced some disorder. ie 
Beene the cadre continued to eall ont * En avant, ne tires pas,’ and the fire 
‘was establishing itself in spite of them, the English, suddenly ceasing their fine, 
the French with the bayonet. Every thing was fivourable to them ; the 


order, the impulse given, the resolution to it with the —Upot 
the Preach, OF the aan a greater Tani we male, and Op pale 


and disorder caused by the unexpected resolution of the enemy, bi 
to fly. This flight was not, however, the result of fear, but of l 
French regiment rallied behind the second line, advanced again, and. 
bravely for the remainder of the day. Me 
“ Similar circumstances will allways produce similar results; for thee most 
Srna vou Some bt vive way, if it be not seconded by good methods: 
making war."—(p. 252 et 207.) om sy. 
The foreign regiment alluded io by M. de Chambray, was the line batta- 
lion of the King’s German Legion, to whose gallant conduct om this tr don roe 
indebted for three French eagles, which were found among the slain of, we: 
Tere eee Se Daraton he Blezion reg These iso of 
TATDGE wero, in the confusion ofthe charge, aloyether overlook ‘our gallant 
allies, and had not the attention of the officers of the battalion been directed to 





= 


FOREIGN MISCELLANY. 349 


the spot by the exgle-poles, which were brought in by some of the men as fe. 
, they would probably never have come into our possession. 

‘We regret much that the various claims upon the attention of the “ Foreign 
Miscellany,” and the limited space which we are permitted to devote to them, 
compel us to forego the analysis of many interesting essays contained in M. de 
Chambray’s Mélanges, the whole of which bears striking evidence of an enquir- 
ing, liberal, and superior mind, and we take leave of the uoble author in the full 
conviction that he possesses high professional talents, united with the rare ac- 
companiments of candour and impartiality. 


FRENCH NAVY. 


‘The following circular has been addressed to the officers of the Royal Navy, 
by the Minister of Marine. 
« Paris, Dec. 15, 1829. 

“ In conformity to the provisions of the 134th, 148th, 281st, and 301st Arti- 
cles of the Ordinances of the 3ist Oct. 1827, there must be addressed to the 
Minister, at fixed periods, by the commanders of fleets, squadrons, or divisions, 
and by the captains of vessels, confidential notes relative to the persons forming 
the staffs on board. 

“Tn future, the following provisions will be observed in the fulfilment of this 
important duty. 

« Every captain of a King’s vessel must, upon his return from a cruise, or 
upon entering a port of France, after an absence of six months or more, address 
direct to the Minister, a report, in which he will express himself, without re- 
serve, upon the character, conduct, and talents of each person of the staff 

“When the captain shall be placed under the orders of a commander of a 
fleet, squadron, or division, he shall deliver to the commander a copy of the said 
report; in order that the latter may add to it his own observations before he 
transmits it to the Minister, 

“The Captain of a vessel sailing singly, shall deliver upon his return to the 
ports of France, at the periods specified above, to the maritime prefect of the 
‘arrondissement in which he may be, a copy of his notes upon the persons of his 
staff, in order that the prefect may do the same, relative to the report, as is stated 
in the foregoing paragraph. 

“The notes to be given upon the officers and others cannot be too detailed ; 
they should extend to the conduct, the morality, and the talents of each person ; 
point out the merit of each as a sailor; mention his disposition regardin 
science, and its application ; give an account of his zeal, devotion, and marti 
spirit ; ‘not neglect to give information upon the temper, health, and strength of 
cach officer ; and lastly, point out those who, by combining all the qualifications 
and energies of the seaman, are suited to superintend the general details of a 
large vessel, or prove themselves worthy of being called to the honour of com- 
manding a King's ship. 

« In drawing up these notes, every commander-in-chief, or captain of a vessel 
of his Majesty, ought to beast of falling one of the most important duties of 
his post, and it is upon his honour and veracity that the Minister relies for fully 
appreciating the claims of officers to the favour of the King. 

“Tt is not strictly required that the copies of these notes delivered by each 
captain to the commander of a fleet, squadron, or division, or to the maritime 
Prefects, should coutain the same details as the dispatch addressed direct tothe 

inister. ‘ 

«The notes are to be sent to the Minister under a double cover, the first ad- 
dressed to the Minister, and the second ‘For his Excellency only—Confidential 
notes relative to officers.” 

“The Minister relics upon the devotion of the Admirals and maritime Pre- 
fects, and upon the zeal of the captains of his Majesty's vessels, for the strict 
performance of these important instructions. 

(Signed) “ Baron D'lavssez.” 





—Constitutionnel. 


350 FORKIGN MISCELLANY. 


‘PRUSSIA, 
ng the yet followin Hee tats 8 

sd air ns i ates 
anes to the civil 


that the ext 
trensury 0 ‘tlie pensions: 
“this served 
ee eee pee ward 
conduct, 










oO 
In tho interior Administration and General Police 
In the Administration of Justice % 7 
In the Administration of Finance v ¥ 
To the Administration of Posts . ’ 


‘Total during the year 1220 


In Gab, ie ap ay ‘in the different public officcs of the Wik 7 
‘and 1037 non-commissioned officers and soldiers, and in 1827, 
1037 non-commisiioned officers aud soldiers —(Speelatewe ‘ : 


liv. svi.) 
AUSTRIA. m 
Ghawo Maxoovnes soar Macaw, pan ag a 
On the of the 14th of October, one half of the bates 


nena. hostl army was suppoded to oecypy the banks ofthe 
1e garrison to be abandoned to its own defence, and those oP DecBene 
Se ene te bart eerie Rees ana in onde seine upon Min. 
‘The defensive compe took up » postion the fist day, at Coprénds 
itself on one side to Seveao, und on the other towards: Solavoy, 
bagnate; its advanced posts wore ot Caycinn Limzzar. 
bbaok these, and the pen o certes mg Atselftheqatencd ia the Fenty = 


laseana, having, its light troops at Cascina Grgions 
two columns by Cermenante and Due-Porte; tho sivanced pont ‘posts were 
back, and the two columns united before Mirabello, thus threatening 
son. with an attack in front; a detached corps was at the same time 
wMlisoutt: right dene deneoeeniens ec nd the garion fo etm J 
‘where. the engngement \¢ general ; the garrison was repuland 
pelts and fal b fol! baek upon Milin by. epee of Vere, Garbagnate, and | 
cut 
On the thinl day the garrison occupied the approaches to the posts of 
sina, Teoaytia, ae Verealinns its patty posts being one mile from: 
corps attacked all these posts at the same time; the yale of 
tna was fared by disclangs of canon, thee ‘enemy entered [rere as Well as 
other poiuts; the garrison took refiye in the citadel: a mice was lad ka 
and a defended 4 boy 5 ose 
staid comnnade oumeace! qin of Sh hale ‘he mine. was 
ects having. been nhntcred the shot, the conquetors entered 


@. manovuvres terminated by the defiling belore the Liewenquns 
nie Lederer and Walmoden—(Spectateur Militaire, vole Vile 





FOREIGN MISCELLANY. 351 


WIRTEMBERG. 


‘The, Minister of War has just published an ordinance, which contains the 
following provisions. : 

‘Young men destined for the army, and who wish to join regiments as volun- 
teers, will. be required to pass an examination in elementary knowledge. Ad- 
mission into the service confers no right of advancement to the rank of non-com- 
missioned officer, which will depend upon the aptitude, zeal, and ulterior proofs 
of knowledge which the volunteers may develope. 

In order to be inrolled in the army as a volunteer, the applicant must be 
eighteen years of age, must produce certificates of a pure and irreproachable con 
duct, be able to equip himself at his own expense, and’ must possess an annual 
income of six hundred francs. 

The volunteers will be instructed and drilled by the officers in the use of arms, 
and in all brauches of practical knowledge: as soon as they have acquired suffi- 
cient information, they will be qualified to apply for a public examiuation, after 
which they will obtain the diploma of cadet, 

The advancement of the cadets will not depend upon seniority ; but compe- 
tition will be established among them, in order that the Government may become 
eualuted with the most capable zeal good eonduct and proficiency intheore 
‘ical_and practical professional knowledge, will be the only claims to the rank 
of officer. —( Ibid. ) 

TURKEY. 

All the ordinances of the Sultan indicate a great increase of his army and 
wavy ; several distinguished Generals are sent to Asia, accompanied by European 
officers, to exercise all the unarmed young men in the use of arms. It is said, 
that after the Bairam, the Sultan will review 100,000 regular infantry, and 
30,000 cavalry —(Hambergh Correspondent.) 


HALIL PACHA. 


Halil Pacha, the Envoy from Constantinople to St. Petersburgh, has not the 
appearance of an Asiatic, but of a well bred European, acquainted with all the 
etiquette of our society. A smile which constantly animates his countenance, 
forms @ singular contrast to the gravity we are used to in the Turkish physiog- 
omy : his countenance, a3 well as that of the sccond Ambassador, Rese 
Effendi, corresponds with his manners. Politeness to the ladies is also another 
remarkable feature in the character of our guests. With respect to their dress, 
they have two different uniforms, the cut of both is the same, and much resem- 
bles the jackets of our Cossacks; the full dress uniform differs from the other 
in having rich and elegant gold or silver embroidery on the collar, and orna 
ments of the same material on the breast, as on the jackets of our Hussars, 
The pantaloons are fuller than those of the Cossacks. The boots are quite in 
the European fashion ; the civil and military officers wear over their uniforms a 
large cloak with an embroidered collar, those of the two Ambassadors are 
adorned with embroidery from top to bottom; on their heads they wear velvet 
or cloth caps with embroidery and a gold or silver tassel. ‘The cap belonging to 
the ordinary uniform, is a plain red one with a silk tassel. ‘The military are 
distinguished from the civil by a diamond insignia, the size and form of which 
vary according to the rank of the wearer. The badge which Halil Pacha wears 
on his neck, has a crescent in the centre; that of the Colonels is also composed 
of jewels, and is worn on the left breast, a little lower than the belt to which the 
cartouche-box is fastened ; that of the Captains has only one jewel. The Sul- 
tan gives these badges when he confers the commission.—(Preussische Staats 
Zeitung.) 














__ GENRIAL COMRESHONDENGH, 6 


yoomUE tommon or THN AUSETED SERVICE ZOUABAL | i 


Sie Charlee Dasha in renly to the the Quarterly Review om — 


a ule = 
it ave the Inst Quarterly Review, 
eer yore taoemacaaan 
cheer er with "ne zal bag ei vi ty 
enter 








pes alter the case one iota ; ne pcm bop they fre depen Ns 
ao aon 


fate it, ace the justice to believe, that I ‘Bot 
te td tee Tints tis toer Tare 


sting mor to say, than ‘ont vane ‘uch a dlicate ‘qui should ever 
have been brought before the pul and ait fot of my Lard Rd 
hey, that it never was my intention to show the ali i to the mo~ 
ied of so and Fae ane an officer, ¥ Sasor but be ‘ie 
distressed, it should ever be when [mentioned the 
into ‘the after-eabin, it could be construed into his off the 4 
Naval officer is aware, though tho Retiewer may not ‘the cabin is 
Pan ek continuation oS rented: ch eats the Amiel way inthe 
storm the ereater part of le, ame it was in tine Ketter 
Salutes whilst ite ‘Cot of the wintow, viewing his own and zetia! 
fleet, that T presented him with a class of lmonade whieh be had d 
‘make. I never said the Admiral was not on the quartordeck at hapten! 





Mie CESS afro ten to Sin seconds to 

wheel he tia egal peor and about twenty more from thence to ry 
itis both cay and ctoar dl ie chiof was on that very ty SiG critical 
of passing under the stor of the Olorieux, as St Cates Pian 
= it-wasy 1 a te sgrintod, the Admiral desired in (both thie 

being pe pate) to go down end order the guns to be 

Ido therefore i cordially hen with, and beg to corroborate the y 
the Kye aia that the Chiof was on the quarter-deck before, pe 


oni 
;,0F doubted it; then erent 
the Admirals "retrereent in the ‘cing! Ten ernie 


a 


CORRESPONDENCR. 353 


either candid nor just thas to torture my meaning tothe dishonour and preju- 
dice of so great a man. I disclaim it with indignation. 

‘However young, as I certainly was, when this great battle was fought, yet 
early impressions are the most ‘lasting, particularly one of such an interesting 
nature as those described ; but if they imagine that it has lain dormant in my 
breast for seven and forty yeurs, and is only now brought forward for the first 
time merely at the instigation of Sir Howard Douglas, or any other man, they 
are much mistaken, for I have mentioned it in all societies whenever it bas been 
the subject of conversation during the whole of that long period. 

: . [have the honour to be, Mr. Editor, 
Your most obedient humble servant, 
(Signed) _ Cuantes Dasuwoon, Captain, Royal Navy. 

Torquay, Devon, 20th Jan. 1830. 


Sir Howard Douglas in reply to the Qnarterly Review on 
Breaking the Line. 


‘Me, Eprton,—The statement which, in justice to my Father's memory and 
services, I was induced to publish respecting the actual share he had in the de- 
cisive operation, of breaking the enemy's line, in the battle of the 12th April, 
1782, and which was published in full in the eleventh Number of your very ex- 
cellent Journal, has elicited an article in the last Number of the Quarterly Re- 
view. On this article, written with all the ability which characterizes the con- 
tributors to that distinguished publication, I trust you will permit me to make a 
few observations. 

‘The writer endeavours to impugn the testimony of eye-witnesses, who attest 
the fact a stated by Admiral Eins, in bis, Naval Bailes, that the operation 
was veither premeditated nor predetermined, but was suggested and urged by 
my Father, ‘on the spur of the moment.” 

"As it seems to be surmised that the information upon which Admiral Ekins 
has made this statement was derived from some of my Father's house, I think it 
right, in the first place, to declare, that the account given in the Naval Battles 
did not proceed from any of Sir Charles Douglas's family, to all of whom the 
‘Admiral is personally unknown, and who were utterly ignorant of such a work, 
until some time after it was published. It appears to have been drawn up on 
authentic information, procured from every accessible source, excepting myself 
and every other member of my Father's family ; but it entirely corresponds with 
‘the knowledge and belief which the family of Sir Charles Douglas has ever en- 
tertained on the subject. 

Tam persuaded that this material cireumstance has not been rightly under. 
stood by the reviewer; nor does he appear to have been aware that common re- 
port, original and still prevalent belief and conviction, all concur in assigning to 
my Father, what I know to be fact, the credit of having suggested the decisive 
manquvre at the important inoment; and that this was the impression and 
belief generally entertained in the fleet, immediately afler the action, 

So far, then, is my statement from being the revival of an old dispute, which 
had been suffered 19 remain dormant for seven and forty years, as the reviewer 
states, and from being accompanied by any new assertion, it was expressly 
wrritien in reply to assertions by which others had revived the old dispute, and 
to support what had already been advanced by an intelligent and impartial his- 
torian, (Admiral Ekins) ; and, instead of altering the current of belief, to confirm 
impressions that were general and are still prevalent, but which others have 
attempted to deny or discredit. 

Ido not at all admit that the ingenious criticisms of the reviewer, shake, in the 
least degree, the clear and circumstantial account of Sir Charles Dashwood, sup- 
ported by the evidence of Sir Joseph Yorke; but as Iam enabled to supply, in 
the most ample manner, additional testimony to meet the deficiency of which 














354 CORRESPONDENCE, 
Sharcene pete: ig my Pryiagctodec abana oho on 





ci that what is sated by Si ee Dashwood. in his: levter,:as’ to the 
ha made and ny father, is correct, and. “eorrobo~ 

ray bal icf a his (Sir Joseph ees osto to see eae eel awd which he 
wlthe time, ‘The error respecting the time of breaking the line taust bea 
aistake made in copying the ey This is obvious, fey Sounsesiaie 


doabt taken from iroal or log at the times onuuerte 
eer ee See A Yor votes mich st nearoued to ridicule, 
sesctiog the Forpidable’s bow hoving been seen rom the Uaeleus to ope 








XXXVI. aubject of 
Father's deli Sparing Oh oaatey me a fn ea 
ball St it, As there was no medium course between actually:e! sand 
Seely a ie a sand you, Me Editor hake paths in ery peop ghee 
ment ou, Mr. Editor, have pat this in ay 
the a rpiy to Mr. Cumberland’ ey 
as to my fakes aera to the manmurre, which he is 
contrary fo have su; ‘that, as by the reviewer's own: 
owing, Mr, Cumberland to have confounded the Admiral and the 
Captain of the fect in one part.of his account, so he has made them: 





throughout, and is entirely mistaken as to the, party object tat 
Spies jean to meet of the abject Reretix = at 
linented verbally, and in society, on the particular service he had rendered, it 
the case in suet and was extremely cautious ie whom he a 
some of his 


“Tam sorry the reviower bas suid coy thi feelings oftheir ex=: 
inane oe consi, wd *) ri aes * But 1 
Sst pee cmt Bre trearlere 


ney, of of Me, lerk, should, feel pain fiom. the manner in. which K-lave ex! 
preted myrcfy if or complain ‘tbat L should have availed myself of she 
oop py pom ey to 
make, in Taeig is, hal boa Beco mectek and in conpaquence of no i 
anmer heen given by others. Re 
aa article sine in somes ooarmlios baton the Adi 
charles: ave: passed: sul renking. rs 
EET Tal we oC oes Tn Laat aon toe 
fleet to have offered the suggestion that wasacted upou, How, ee 





CORRESPONDENCE. B55 
considered deroguory ty Sir George twhhave received it?! ‘The mau 
ofraahing Ws tte ae sre i but Bie Charen ae Seat de 


aad 
eee etic cohee a] 


‘a wtation, in which he wns, en trpossd ‘wo the rao 
sch hen sn tom on band, and from ms 
y sow et hia which undirected by sal, were only 
Jediby the and’ (6 of the Formidable, actually devi ym line a 
the" signal for which (so urgent was the moment), was not down 
i 1 the enemy's Tine?! In my ytatemant 
ce gee e dination of Sit Garg me 
greatness'of mind, in advice of Captain 
‘ermine. galluntey with wi iol be eared that fon nto eet My 
oe ‘firthér consideration Sir: ey determined to ty 
fron yreitneas of find, to wlopt te udiog Usha Cabexta of fleet,” 
vmbich the Formidable pusied thrauy the line, Bo; fe ‘Re. 1 fuel thar the re- 
wer soe mo injustice, iu su ing this ey materi posage 1 = 
‘my'Pather that he did his duty in coir 
se pe to the gallant Aan the eredit nf aig oe ie he abt 
of the victory 


‘Theauiaucton which I ‘alt ener aot in the ene at of having dis- 
clutrged this filial duty, r ve) be arate Sted 
it may iu a coat sense, ers anid it fa 


due to niyself to eee Tid not one sooner, aud why I should 
bosh ‘now. 





ild 
Tieton hat on Sitoutatinces ‘of that eventful ie fany one doubt that the 


festormed and much-valued friend, who is utterly imeapable of stating 
cen did ve rs ane na ppishials ‘ 
Nouny’ to the contrary, Mr. taught Britis 
Deseenonetet an a own force ;” and, in ae tal itis tothe ge 
na of Mr, Cle that the country is indebted for the decisive vietory 
a tase rtions, either of which would id 
“These are assoctions, either Junify mo in coming forward, 
ing dis Dt wien sere to eT into, ty is 


with @ spirit wounded and mortified 
‘wnrequiled sérvices,—servives which considered even ay pe eye 
‘of aday of 96 much difficulty, unpremeditated enterprise, peices 
[Fe itd 30 signal in ite immediate at NG of 
Deas a sih'etie Ganirep 








36 CORRESPONDENCE, 
the flag-officers. Ee was classed with them accordingly in the thanks of Pare 


fot pyrene yeas eres 
bine pen eres me pd 





z 
i 
i 
e 
a 
i 
= 
3 
z 
i 
z 


E 
: 
i 
t 
L 
| 
i 
H 


gRRp2s 
mete 
ii 
a5 
iu 
3 
as 
a 
BE 
5a 
Be 
az 
re 
a 
£E 
Pi 
& 
& 


deemed wot to have been properly requited, 1 shall have gained my onl} 
be updllig But toy conceditg to Lard. Redoey GN chats 
co find directed, in a timely manner, the decisive iy 
py ata ove who now dispute my Father claim, have 01 0 
jee paramount nbs nat ap lay me under the’ of 
m a pretension 5 ‘to this part: 0 subyjoot my fortheoming: 
‘ment shall be more particularly tevoted. seit lbh 
Tam very sensible that the evidence of a son, in auch a ease ax this, ali 
eerie oak teeoe akin] el Dayle Oe eee 
motives, he nots rightly, if, believing the other the injured person, 
that side. Tut whist ake "myst responsible for Mvng forward 
‘ames and evidence which 1 had full permission to use iw any way, think itil 
éived that Cam no direct evidence in the case. 1 am tho advocate of my 
Fathar's cause, and the guardian of his firme; and as such Corrangy aud adduee 
‘the testi of persons still living, much of which was noted at the times and 
Tavail myself of this, with other documentary evidence, for my thor’ al, 
firmly believing that he i the injured person. “It is well said, that the 
‘of « public man is public propery, and should be defended 
this {8 true, not ss to any particular men, but with respect to all 
and to refuse to do justice to oue, to whom public and ap al 
esseat pookeional toriau, ater proper tev, ‘depo ample 
ave assigned a deyree of posthumous merit, which circumstances 
obscured whilst living, because this would ‘take from another that to 
‘was not entitled, would be to control the truth of history, and to commit the 
sery error. which the reviewer bas so properly condemaed, he 
feel conscious that T have dove my duty; and that I have dove it ia a way 
neither heedlew ho¥ tecklow of the felings of others. Whether by tay acre 
tions any Father's mame muy continue to stand on the page of history, ih this, 
particular, ay I wish it may, and think it ought to appear, will be for the histo~ 
an to determine ; bat so far as my own reputation is concerned, as 
thew oe wich yc ee cate lena a ei 
upon whic! |, being 30 strong, as 


succeed in rising ie sentiments of the count a 

tay Fate's memory for services which taken in any tight ar 
will, it 
eat 










in i to the biographer and to the 

Tigeea te tr touts ta aly na Uo shy oe e 
wn, Mr. Editor, dre 

ot! obedient servant, 

Howane Dovonas. 


| 


a 


CORRESPONDENCE, 
» Charles Dashwood and Sir Howard Douglas 
recommend them Se cay pba 


the reader. we 





ih re: 
the the 44h of April, does. bot rest alo 
raaty Romener ida and decuivesof Sr Josorh Yorke and Chasis 
3 aridcace, szikingly comrebarsve of Ue tesollections of thoes eye: 
in from unexpooled and perfoctly dist i 
=| 


_Prisient. ense, we aro. 
ny nfs ourselves to be dnzaled by the splendour of high station ; else 
wa suspected of inclining rather to the victorious and enaobled Chiof 
than to his subordinate and uunquited Adviser. informed. of she truth, 
we reject the insinuations which would affix to the elains of Sir Charles 
une: 





by deta! 
i el foams of this 


Net 

118 question, that no. recorded. objections to the 

r rotribution claimed for bit Charles Douglas have been offered sit 
lication of Sir Howard’s statement a the parbes immodintel, tonsemmads 

“ritic, ostenstbly on behalf: 


3 that the Sitisl and certied, ray 
fis place among the facts of History. Tt is to the latter most ‘be 
we mainly lend our aid, bent upon zealously seeking anil faithfully 
rR RIGHT. 

dilating on the proofs and presumptions already adduced, or anticl= 
; SA ge ve Bree ma Deere sve mould inrely point out 

wer poor a ram of his Fiat claim—the ramarkable 
nce of Aira Ekiowsaccouat oft aft, with Ue particular known to 
: 4, fuunily, no information on ‘bad 
from the that able and judicious writer the factsy still 
_ more conclusive, that Sir Charles Douglas did confidentially avow to his domes 






or 


——— 


858 CORRESPONDENCE. 


Sasa arene 


admitied in Sia bein eeengaate 









but a reer: We free pues Ui 
le eo cw " aaa) 
~ si gay 


Tam surprised that some person more com| ‘task than the 
fodiutual wis arcsec yo ls GUE tac an eli x eer ez opportunity to 
the witention othe Lega ‘and parton my Lords Commissioners of t 





for Sat apnea 

its iproverment fs 8 aust BPpeAr 

- Fee oe ivent ita Renee ie 

‘served on the Kent. le for wpwards of two years, du 

period I was at several stations between Sheerness a a 

at Inst (to use the: ©: of a gallant Admiral 

Fetal admitted, noe | ae sueceten, ‘ere 
pases ‘useful aod valuable Jouraal, Tam actuated 

‘motives: ae to benefit the bee ‘nd n men em 

ronder the service itself more wfficient. Th my 


Decoder ancy’ olny pen oie sig skoteh a i ‘ 


‘at present, and extracts from the o1 io 

tow im foray which T consider derogetory, aud anwory the 

whenéa thoy emanate ; and finally, to Gaba suai slsralions; me atin ag 

nion called for, lanes 
‘The force of each county is under the control of a Captain, who in liko 4 

ner commands ship placed in a central situation, It is thon aoparat 

three divisions, each division having a Lieutenant, designated “ di 

tenant,” with ext allowanees to superintend. it. county is 

divided etion rte about a mile and a halfeach, and 

by 2 Liontenant, with’ ing from twelve to- twenty-four men, 

sak ave seleete th flo ited Boas 2 amended edition samod in JU 

last, some of the old ce degrading in the extreme. ‘They were. 

furnished me by a friend who has reer It tnt service ; and are 

to the Lieutenants who, be it remembered, are the only officers employed, exe 

copting e few of the medical corps. 


"The provisions for the ill be “under hit eb: and he in 
cies reeks ata eee ns ae 
"He ‘i banat mane 








anes his quarters 


divisional Lieutenant, vane he a Sauter of » 
Gesciou gents ead the qecbebto tie St tiv roraes ty ale caer OFA i 
the mean tine. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 359 


“« He is to be present at the arrival of the contractor's carts, to see the provisions 
weighed, and that his men bave no intercourse with the drivers.’ 

“He is to instruct his men in knotting, splicing, the mark ofthe lead line, and points 
of the compass.” 


L would ask, what your readers of the army, navy, and the public, think of 
such orders being addressed to this class of offcers?” But I enticipate the an- 
swer; “That they are worthy of a higher and better calling even in these dege- 
uerate days of our naval history.” If your reader be an officer of the army, and 
stationed at Dungeness Point, three miles from either road or fiekd, how would 
he bear not to be allowed to quit his quarters, without first having the permis- 
sion of his superior, who might at the time of applying be forty miles distant ; 
and in the event of obtaining that permission, how would he like walking over 
three miles of heavy shingle in his regimentals, and a pair of back stays,* ere he 
could reach a road or path of any kind. 

Sir, we are told that the Blockade is a “ nursery for seamen ;” it is a refuge 
for the destitute rather; an asylum for every species of distressed mechanic and 
artian, including Spitaleld weavers, bricblajers, joiners, tailors, shoerakers, 
fad tidkers, and af theac ik is expected ‘the Liewicoanth will take seamen” 
Make seamen on shore! the idea is worse than absurd. 

If'it be intended to continue the blockade establishment, and that this letter 
should meet the eyes of any of my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, I 

they will bear with me, whilst I bring under their consideration some reme- 
dies, by which, from my long attention to the subject, I contemplate important 
and beneficial results to the service. First, then, I would continue a guard ‘ship 
in the Downs, as an entirely distinct command, in constant readiness for active 
service. She should, however, be the victualling depot, aud all supplies of 
Provisions, slos, i should Be igsed from her. I would appoint a in 
to each division, upon the pay of the respective ships, which by their rank 
they are cligible to command, with two hundred pounds per annum, as allow- 
lance for the Keep of horses aud other incidental expenses., They should makeall 

rts to the Admiral of the station direct. I am of opinion, that the exertions 

‘men who are a limited time in office, more than counterbalances the ex 
ence gained by a long continuance; and, therefore, I would make the appoint- 
ments triennial, which, as it has hitherto been considered lucrative, would give 
a chance to officers, who cannot reasonably expect employment in the regular 
line of the profession. 

By this, the junior officers and men could have frequent access to their Cap- 
tain; this, whilst it made the service more palatable to the former, would give 
mutual confidence and satisfaction to all: and here I would observe, that with- 
out wishing to cast the slightest imputation on the officers now superintending 
divisions, it is but natural to suppose, that being of the same rank as those in 
command of stations, they are more tenacious of their authority, and ready to 
take offence at any supposed breach of etiquette or discipline, than a Captain 
would be; hence, the frequent heartburnings, disputes, and finally removals 
from station to station, which has caused many fine young men to quit the sr- 
































vice in disgust. I would remove many of the degrading and annoying restric 
tions from the Lieutenants, and would encourage them to an attentive divcharge 
of their arduous duties by occasional consistent indulgences ; such, for instance, as 
a day's leave during the moon lights, and six weeks in the summer to such as 
may require it, this being generally granted to officers serving in guard ships. 

T would endeavour to get an intelligent and respectable class of persons for 
first and second rate petty officers; I would give the former £40. a year, and 
the latter £30. I would have them wear uniform coats with anchor bu 
such as are wom by warrant officers; the effect this would have with the men 





* + Back stays” are pieces of flat boards which are tied round the foot, and are an 
indispensable article of dress at Dungeness for walking over heavy shingle. 


eae Dl 
Sings For it cannot be expected that ATeeerae ae 


360 CORRESHONDENCR. 
his rank in the service, by 
to a subordinate officer, the 

ea er eeeren eis cc 
per and enforce a prompt obedience clean te 
foasateerien ee eer 1 hemes 

me sree el mess Tiny Tea tae "oh 
vice, at the ion of the Foes va tare time nates 


T have pow, 81, pected my ‘Promise, feeby T adit, but with honesty of 
Intention, and T trast it aly have the effect of stirou puss Cee 
upon the consideration of their Lordships some more ira ‘sehome, for | 
Detter conducting this branch of the public service than that which at present 
ts, 
Tam, Sir, 
‘Your most obedient servant and constant wader, 
Lonilon, Feb. 1830. A Licerexaxr ov te Nave. 





Our Military Establishments, present and former 


woe ree eh alr rap hiner rat between our 
‘Establistinents of the present day and those of former T send, ee 
tr fel fla em in Great Britain and on the 
the Army on the gath Feb. cree by whieh it will sien at hae we 
pond. rata i ae hae eae eae ter Beyuiles, 
in |, with the Adjutant 
was 60d. 10s. por Tem, Bie 
servant 
ath Jan, 1890, BF. A 
ENOLAND. 
SAth Feb, 17434, 24th Jon. 1890, 
4 1 
Licutonant-Gonerals 3 0 
Major-Generals 5 4 é 
‘ BegalionGenerls 6 0 
xcorEAND. 
Liowtenant-General 0 
Major-General 0 Ss 
igadier-General 1 rT 
IRELAND, 
General “ 
Lieatenant-General 1 1 
MajorGenerals 2 6 
ier-Generals 6 ° 
Commanders of Packets and Preights. © 


Ma. Eprron,—t saw in the Times of the 10th ult, a cist 

ae the leitors frora Mexico, of the Admiralty onlee 
‘kets from thence are prohibited. from taking ‘oars tang 

ode ‘of abont 500,000 dollars value in silver, ‘There i in little sea 

necting ‘at whose incitement this complaint 1s ree Soceeey ch 
ite origin with some Commander of a packet 1 

es they are alwady, £ have adion!, deriag ar) a thriving ering eoined 


= 





CORRESPONDENCE. 361 


f merchandise, eer 
myo 








rai. SeSeua ne ‘ilar td 








Byer yours, 
a —_ 
| Commanders of Packets and Freights 
ie Eorror—t am a lientenant of twenty: * standing, who served ace 


‘uring the late war, and since the peace I have sought every means to 
Seas aera at oe. profession ; but having oo better influence than my 
cers under whose re T have had the honour to 


‘again my want of boroagh or ministerial influence proved fatal to my hopes; 
and it was signified to me, that * his Lordship regretted that he could dim cwsi 
May Flows; the lit of candidates being vo extensive a to prechedo hie giving 
mo‘any hopos.”” Is it not a great ivjustice, that the comaiands of packets are ~ 
{or life, when in every other brinch of the naval service the period is limited to 
thee your” During the last five years, the freight and passage money has 
amounted to from £500 to £1200 per annum, and this advantageous situation 


an extensive te the Advaieaty.T-mmust tiso remark thar the officer 
Facammand of the Packet Fatablishineae at Yate trm postexpmla, whlek 
sppotiment ho Yan held for seven years; a house rent We 


Tom erie gd = hopes that my brother ocr will ruse thee voice 
jusive system, and endeavour to obtain, Me Fespectlul remon- 


London, 16th Feb. 1850. 





The Bengal Army. ‘ 

Ma. Korron,—A fe atrocious article hes ee pe pea 
Caslae, exarit the Boogal army, and tum, induced to notice 
it having boon copied into other Journils, FE tare ‘no Wesitition inv stating: the 
vhs a ics agi Te first false potrelehere ing spirit 
of 10 resistance, reductions fn the sérenyth diverny} 

hat several battalions have resisted the order to-reduce. 
shadow of foundation in this, beyoud a letter inserted in some 





which mentions that a corps of irregular horse, and x pro- 
a 'rfased! to Uisband.” WHeN that sort of compe tree i ealy 
‘w $. Journ. No. 15. Mancu, 1830, 20 


7 


<r 


“7 


362 CORRESPONDENCE. 
gee ro European Sei crane 





Tam aware there ave ily ryt‘ obtain ee aa ide eee 
dog ree saveticun—eiher with cowie we beeen re a 


‘the duty of the Court of Directors to notice the sul as they can deny, or at 
Yeast assert ber igorance of any foundation for ios imputations, 
bes A Bexoar Orvicer, 


This feeling must have reached a vated pitch, when, as we learn fro 

sees sii op oan Se . ‘alien Bentinck Py 
‘universal! r. Having, however, reason. to 

fen be a urable cc pemmeae 





American Ships of War, 
Min, Eorron,—At page 219 of your Fourteenth Namber, I observean extract 
from that admirable brochare, the Bulletin dos Sciences MAI stn 
‘the American Navy. Tt to me that this extract may 
snany of your readers as to the dimensions and actnal force of the ‘hp co 
at T therefore subjoin a memorandum of three classes of vessel 


Budo at Portsmouth Qaanieae one #74-gun stip 
a iba of fulse keel 164 feet 2 inches, round stern, flush de deck and af, 
‘mounts three complete tiers of batteries, tier Toering 37) aside, 
without including the two bridle and four starn ports. ‘vessel is thus 
pierced in ull for 120 guns, and is intended to carry (ay stated by ® sub-officer 
a” a vat the yard: seapey ak ‘on her lower, 32-pounders on her berg 
and 24-pounder carronades on her flush deck. 
Building at Ditto, one  44-gun frigate.” a , 
Roun stern, flush deck fore and af, mounts two complete tiers of bee 
ach tier presenting 16 ports aside, without including the two beldie and 
maid ‘This vessel 1s thus raiegenany gp OMe aoe a’ 
Building at Phil gry “ Line-of battle piney 
1 did not obsorve the tnark on ae ee, but wa informed by ee 
= that it was very nearly 200 feot, round beaeghr ge 
former models), mounts four tacit tiers of batteries, each 
ports said, yihoot inladiog ths teo isla and four hsra porte This.v 
is thus in all for 168 guns. ' 
‘Haring the honour to belong to she ser, protein sar Sa 
dees will excuse my not using move appropriate nautical terms the abors 
come within the scope of any landsmun’s observation. Although these | 






CORRESPONDENCE, 363 


are stated as  Duildiag,” they are ready for lauuching at almost any mouent, 
tod only kept under te Ung Tae cs, connate of the act ofan 


py moh at present pe Tore vemela of die two larger clases 
own on the sl Pies ng Bosc, Now York and Wash 
net dior mit di shovesmenticed ipe-at Portman oo 


mayan Soy a was blown, 
Re ah ew York, a fow monthe age, a . 
Lam, sit, your obediont servant, 


“Albany, ot ‘Feb, 1830, MM. ~ 


Case of the Half-pay by Reduction. 


‘Mn, Eprron,—Yourvalvable publication, to which Thave from the cozumence- 
ment been a subscriber, being so liberally open to suggestions from members of 
either profession, I make vo solo oc ual 3 ‘with the present, trusting 
you may deem it contents n y your netic ou ron the situation 

‘of half-pay officers placed fiance their un doliiation but by reduction, 
Doabies tere a wey man officers of mo bo ke myst 


‘entered the army durin wen winter oto at their profes- 
tod who, Pour de yet in the rime of ft and rioah tpn 


sion; 

Fen reat tack cours at ere the service, ure doomed not only to 

forego the bent of their in ‘but to rest satisfied that there is searcoly the 
Femetest chance of their over being again rice Under circumstances such 

Ss hese, slough individual we scold all be grateful for th vinaneaton 

‘we receive for services in the shape of half-pay, se oe oa ‘bat 


feel 
Thave the mortification of seeing ot a who. were considerably y my fonts fors in 
Tnust have 
progressing attainment of the highest ranks; and T 
pond apie sabmit whether, He an amelioration to the feelings of such offf- 
too much to expect, that after they: all thas baver heen sutyect 
ee fricndless lot a certain number of years, they might vot presume to hoy 
for m brevet step, without however beaet ing ‘by lata dicen julf-pay. oe 


higher rank. Such concession, Mr. Editor, 
tothe, Goverament, and would be justly eitimated. by met itorious class of 
juals, both in’ the Navy j thoy but feriin phate ete gon ot 


His Majesty’ forces, and el Uhe.resull'of Uheie ons inclinations, soight havo 
-anticipated that promot ‘which: now, alas I without auch 
pro i hick oat ati ead 
gy who me ny Hae en ae a to make 
iver, sae Linton ‘that with 
niveace of yoary I shoe fo ‘proud in the anticipation of auch Kelas 
evwould render to tbo mind a eashction, aot ta a fe, Pa 


Se pelpclpemcctare re Apo ee ia 
eae amg A Warsaioo Be 
‘London, 19th Feb. 1830. Placed on Half-Pay in 1817, 
or Wo patty ages with ur Corespondent, and envety recommen 
jipierance ho a0 is ‘eihflly ieccben 96) Gia totce and imaaideresion of 


Sa 


364 CORRESPONDENCE. 





i, that Major Denham “was selected by the British Government to be the 
pe esyedtion fs cut to penetrate into Afton” audit ip notorious 
that such was nof the fact. ee ene the tedeceg ae 
relation of the j jou, sy ‘Yious to any knowled; 
intentions of ‘ernment to 4 thet ‘mission of Mr, ras 

ond Capt. L ST eieker ay services to Lord Bathurst to proceed to 
‘Timbuctoo, te samo route ds Wich Major Lain 64 tose arming. TE 


Toons by the Roden of Lard Baise, T sas ter west, associated.” 
ere Of the mission wat Dr. Walter Oude, in whe anaes 
at Tipo, and continued as each til is sey Mr 
er pir Memoir” says, “ft wns on the 18th November, 1 
ho (Major Deman) and his party arrived at ‘Tripolt: these brave fe 
fisted of Capt ign in  Oudney, with a bumble aux: et 
i 


ae lipwi ” Ta the account ablished ‘by Colonel 
consisted of * William Hillman" only Ftd that on bis ( 
x or) Bo ante Ni, he found Dr. Oudney and Lieut. Clapperton wa 
se Toole, poe pas ent, who “was afterwards i 


Majo Denham’'s party," did not leave Tripoli till the 6th of catmeen in oe 
‘ing year, wid reached Kouka the 22d of December, hiving travelled 

i across the Desert in three months and fourteen ai, se 
ae Oudaey snd Lieut Clapperton, both of whom had ony Tet 


eight days 
‘hiked = reid dst ‘character eon Lieut-Col, Deiaiast IT oor 
only wish to remove: ay lon 
ihe capa Sooty ercrocss fe doce at Eee feted kee Tete eee 
ud BOW, thercore, not beasdigued hls, when Nt belongs to DE Godney 
sive 


To ti Records of Capt. Clapporton's last expedition to Richant 
Lander,” just published, Hy given th character the “nes Mito Ge eta 
a nntve of ‘the island of i ibe tebe | ed 
ut lation was val us," ag stated in 
La tite peeasryalst i, and says, “he was a man of 
and easly excited puisio ei andiwas besides oaiolour und revenge 
lor igute) I lay or two viously to our leaving sl 
Bese te cane pode or ‘other snlntontiooally aac 
hanes Sih Ge ear ‘me, be exlaimed, grinning horribly, inn tone 
ad. gesture which could not be mistaken, and which I shall not ex 
©Tshall one day have the pleasure of seeing you parching with brates 
back of a camel, und rather than give you one drop of water, Pepe 
I perish there; Wat shall be my revenge |" 
‘This * fine fellow of « Black,” who, by the by, was a mulatto, landed at Why 
dah, and avertook Dr. Dickson at aor.) was attacked with fever on the road 
place. 
to Shar, and died heforn reaching that p 
Both Jan. 1830, Qe 
= 





* Part I. page 161. 


i =) 


I~ 


CORRESPONDENCE. 365 


Naval Uniform. 

Mn. Eorron,—As it is said to be the intention of the Admiralty 10 make 
some farther improvements in the Navy, I sincurely hope, in common with a 
Tar, resjoity of my brother offers that itis true, as reported, that one of thess, 
Sila a peal toe mom wecepeabla allcrtien da tar veteran! of substituting 
anne collar and cuff for the white one now warn; for no one who has ever 





orna- 


ily 





also, are ‘Sure 
danse change is requisite, and T would humbly suggest, that the cookades should 
Terreaia ol sie, unt to seeemble our nasiocal ‘cither that of tho Union or 
of St. George. 

‘These alterntions would, at this moment, prea of essential bonofit to hun- 
dreds of distressed workmen, who are out of employ, and thix consideration 
‘aie. pil, T confidently trust, even if guch improvements are not niready it 
Hateplstion, okuse ty aggeations to meet wih duo regard in the quater 
where the order for those changes alone can vo made. 

Thave the hanour to be, 
‘Your obedient servant, 
‘A Companion ov niin Bari. 

Lonilon, 6th Feb. 1830. 





Savings Banks, 





er ee nu a ee bo peace 7 Ce ee et 
ie to 
Seite ee aay ene ey une Gates 


‘and interest to cease after the ppeakes: iieor abe eee ‘of interest,) 


366 CORRESPONDENCR. 
ae: ae ‘as the exertions of tha Directors i the eee Savings Banks 


disinterest, and Intended only to forward. the purposes, for 
eee ee eat: Obte mat balee alameda ee 
eave eee ae res ee ED ‘no doubt, i pees app iesento aaa 


ings Bank, who two make any all to their 
fst mer, Ot Se op ‘eclusion and Porte er 
removed at their next meeting. ( fe 
Tam, Sir, your obedient Servant, 
London, 23d Jan, 1930. LB 


Preliminary Naval Education, 


Jote dancing-master, Mr, Bolamaison, which took mt in = summet of 1827, 

T cannot agree with the strong condemnation contained in the article ‘eferredd 
%, Ci asageapd bday sae to ‘it ia pe to foster and “ = 

cockpit's curse, the incipient flute-player.” An ancient 

ue there | is atisieforall thiogs,? ad it Should ‘be borne in iat care one 
has his own pursuit as 4 relaxation om the toils of the deck, We are riot al- 
ways to haye our sextants in hand, nor to be ever poring over the tedious 
tion of clearing a lunar distance. ‘Tn the intervals between the various 
the ship, urely a little Ieisure may be as rationally devoted to the flute, as 10 
cards, or the like. [1 cannot be denied that there are 
means of improving ume bal thgs. the, toclisadion is o,e conbulied, Sods age 











0,08 the firat-lieutonant sometimes much interfere with amune- 

‘ments on Ued se penton ots dacogamees 

paper on the Coll U 
lst on the ie ject of pral ‘say, that 


sought after by parents who intend their sons for the naval rofesion: 
Tam, Sir, your obedient servont, 
‘Venrras, 





Defence of India. 


of bis veterans, halted and raised these re offerings to the ie 
early th pai set, eet eck, of th plas, on pert of our 
frontior already rests, and on which, therefore, the ‘British spear is 


fed Beye 1d points T cordially ugrc, Wahoutd undoubtedly be 
Eee gee ver, whi ives ls umawt ta ie penta ola 
alton 


I" 
367 - 


THE UNITED SERVICE MUSEUM. 


pea bane Parliam and other engrossing duties on the 
‘some of the distin, shed individuals, = ie influence the 
Untea Service Museum is expected to derive assistance, has 
sons fetarded the announcement. of a General Meeting, ‘This, how- 
ill be done the momont that proceeding has been fale 
Meantime, eens foeen subscriptions continue to be receis by 


the Secretary. oy variety of communications whi 
haye reached us fonts ing this Institution, we select the following ax 
a fair proof of the theling Which is abroad on the subject. 


= To the paeec ate UGemetinedeyinly a! 





with the spirited leader to your eighth age the 
Bree reseed Garten scien nad see ton a tice fs ool 
nothing becomes the well-affacted better, than in the first to tog 
tribute their ite fr the erection and suppor jn the second fo give hee ex 
active co-operation pletion of 
pand thereby convine the wordy that smhile the et of and are 
sae anc win in a spring-tide acicnt researc 
Paians here, not boca tei hall dowsy crf saghor, tsa task, 18 slow? 
Disea horns thay are get ta scvancn Tes eras, the be premiere oe 
Jong, Mn Editor; they extend to the uttermost parts of the earth, and when 
oparly directed, will sneoeed in raising a collection equal to any thing of the 
i cal its surface. Pe the department of natural peg benplracsy= 
our on service, wore the of to provide 
Wess Soepang as fr booksand ee set to work, 
mined to bring bowe every object of interest that presented itself to thotr inves 
gation. ‘The skins of birds and oer animale can be preserved by n ve 
and set pact, rey ae ced sd orate nh 
Er ibe prepnraian ofall Bide of shalotans sgh, seaeree 2 may 
‘ally in. tropical climates, by pect e e ject in 
an the bofies in. the 


ie 


s 
E 
i 


i 


ci the little repubbeans will 


‘most nent sand nt manner possible. Minerals, is, and ever 
“variety of vet a aie ea teeters tent tenn 
stations, Tn. a me le ty et oad ut Eon 


‘our planes would be curious and anda collection of 
thateete various tribes of daphne pel iis breathing world, 
igre I Sell arm sovecialiact juscuin. When we take into account the con 
wwe may look forward to the tisve when the 
waled asa new accession to the eaat 
ipo kasd Tam Tnalined io the formation of a Muscum, eee 
further than to view kere in itself, et Fed ieee permet 
and: fostered in the collection of 


Co earraeienet ence eye Ey NO oy ce fa 
Oo ta gh peg mechgees tno ecerp akan phot nied 


8 
é 
ea 
Hf 
iba 
ae 


368 THE UNITED SERVICER MUSEUM. 






mankind derive their chief happiness from sensunl + where 

from professional duties, here are equally innocent and in= 

seuntiva;- suc hon on shoce bx Seige pers, = ese fox seti peaeeh a 
keep them from engaging in matters of a more equivocal nature, tending 

‘to increase their own ity, or that of the aorvice.. ‘Thre is noodaye: 

more ¥ tirappliod than the celebrated one, as touching the ‘of 

of ful en 

who, God {are very far 

‘earning thoy may cance to 

unit that has once tasted, 


ed to us the gates of information, by enabling ws to- mingle with: our 
fellowemen. Let us for a moment look back to the days that are gone to join 
the past eteynity, say some twenty-five years ago, whien the dyni 
fac bad passa and thd of the rough ota Reld imperial say 
the table-talk of a-warderoom or gunsfoom mess in those days wax in itself a 


A 
| 


Ge al EE Ne mci 


down the liw on all matters of taste and scienco. sity one ay 
of the mess, being ‘afeceman of one of the forty-four Cornish onal 
ey 


and prune tow wnt wus doing i de pital. 





rape of conversation, < 
in 


knowledge of comparative anatomy, in the collection, preparation, and e 





rents, the temperatare of the Bea on the approach to land, shoals, Ke. the investi — 
} tho temp appt Me 7 fs 


gation of which might exeite much curious and valui yy drive 
away the irksome drowsiness of spirit incident to long voyages, nnd haply 


= 


EDITOR'S PORTFOLIO. Ri) 


making that recondite chronicle of events, which seems in derision to bave been 
Baptized the Loc, a very interesting production. I bare before me a set of ex- 
periments, which I made some years azo, oa the specific gravity of sca-water, 
commencing on the line, and eoding in 56* NX. water was dravn from, 
tnder the surface, by means of an inserameat made for the purpore; and T 
found that the quantity of salt, magnesia, and other earths, held in solution on 
the line, differed not only materials from the quantity hekl at Sé~ but that the 
R proceeded regularly from one degree to another. 

He emi sess: sorta os [have goa, hopes that some. one may fl 
them out who has a better chance of an opportunity than is likely soon to fall to 
the fot of, ‘Thine ever, 


‘A Norra Coaster. 
Edinburgh, Jan. 20, 1830. 


THE EDITOR'S PORTFOLIO. 


Wan iw Genwasy axp France 1x 1813-14.—The Marquis of Londonderry, 
ever in activity, has again taken the field as an Author. An eye-witness of the 
transactions of the stupendous campaigns of 1813 and 1814 in Germany and 
France, his Lordship has connected his original and unpublished letters, addressed 
to his brother the late Lord Londonderry, upon the subject, into the form ofa Nan 
rative equally interesting and unaffected, as well as replete with such information as 
Tis Lordships peculiar opportunities enabled him to acquire. We shall take an 
early opportunity of reviewing this long-expected performance, which we are now 
happy to announce. : 

‘amity Crassicat Linnany, Srconn Vot—Although, if estimated by the 
standard of mind, the orations of Demosthenes may unquestionably claim prece- 
dence in a classical collection, yet it argued a well-founded confidence in the 
utility of his undertaking, on the partf the Falitr ofthe Classical Tibrry, to com- 
mence his work rather with the lofty fights of the Rhetorician, than with the in- 
teresting details of the Historian, or the more elegant fascinations of the Poet. In 
the present volume, the conclusion of Demosthenes is succeeded hy the Catiline 
Conspiracy and Jugurthine War of Sallust, which are given in the correct version of 
Dr. Rose, enriched by valuable additions from the translation of Sir Mom 
Steuart. ‘This volume contains beautifully executed busts of Demosthenes nd 
Sallust; and the work, as far as it has gone, is not surpassed in use, cheapness, 
and elegance, by any similar publication of the day. 

Dr. Lanpyen's Canixer Cyctorapra— Domestic Economy.—This vo- 
lume is valuable in its way, and contains a mass of curious details on subjects of 
which the homespun practice is more familiar than the philosophical rationale and 
elaborate processes into which they are here expanded. In “ Domestic Economy,” 
at least, it is not “ folly to be wise.” 

Tar Atnexatp, on Movery Grectans.—This little Poem, in the Beppo 
stanza, has merit; and the notes are interesting and intelligent, ‘Tho youtRhal 
author, Mr. Henry Bradfield, we believe was one of thoxe modern crusaders who, 
seduced by a very natural enthusiasm, proceeded, in the capacity of a Phithellenint, 
to assist the Greeks in their fitful conffict with the followers of the Creacent, Mowe 
ever Mr. Bradfield may have sped upon his sel insion an far us regards 
his personal prospects, he has certainly 'y, whieh 
prove him qualificd for a less ungrateful or unproductive office amongat the 
“ modern Grecians” than that of a Volunteer. 

Mepica. Ixspretion—A Medical Inspection is now in progress ut all the 
depot stations throughout England, for the purpose of ascertaining the actual 
eftiviency of the men, and in order that such may be discharged, particularly thone 
for limited service, who shull be reported, cither from age or dinubility, unfit for 
active duty. The inspection north of London, as far as Fort-(icorge in Scotland, 














370 RDITOR'S PORTEOLLO. 
intruated to accompanied 
Beer hee of Laon Saen Sir Andrew 


Commannre P,P. Ky Aoi ay ; 

Be Teron pia cae any ro gE, aaa 
Tt socms tho Adventure had left the -, Commander Pius tcad the 
Schooner, Lieut, Thomas 


trance to tho Stratis of in April, for the ol ul 
Ll ie arene igh ential aay a ee 
‘been omployed, and which, from 

viously met with is 
with the Bo, eed Henry Foster, from which shi 





Ni 
‘Commarouh Yosrze’s Seixatiric Vorsot-—Latirs from the Cape of Good 
ey dated early in December, state that the Chanticleer was nearly rendy for 
that Cominander Foster intended leaving Table Bay about the middle of 


Tayi 

fad, same ‘Porto 

Bello, Jamaica, Cuba, Bermuda, the Western Islands, and. thence to England, 
which it is supposed the Chanticleer will reach in = twelve mouths, 

Hs Masaorae Sane, Pevenvac—Tbe report f tn eal a oie Plone 
it itappears by letters from Minorea, 

vale pe Great hopes were entertained eis 


tive to the See tod nudes Sib arm; serene ‘ure in Fugre to 
mya botton and p) 


German Legion ‘9 battalions, 


foe esi det 
‘Hanoverian tn? ns sie and 12 ii pi 
Bruns 7 regiments of ca 





wich and 24 guns, Dutch and) 

Le sath iitalions of Nassau troops ins a total of 50,500 : 
and 10,250 ae a division sex + British, “and 9 weriam battali 

18 om ve « 


Tro Fr 250 plc of ate," Napoe 

498,000 men, but from th Geducted Grouchy’s corps of 36,000 men, 
ice of cat. ‘Tie Prosive force may be estimated ot 98,00, bat of 
iritish io 


these on! 
tal ar neta 
hud been constructed, to fueili 

is no foundation in the French ctiement of ie ition of 
Waterloo being intrenched 5 there were no sappers on the field, and only the off 








RDITOR'S PORTFOLIO, 37h, 


A Rrrens or me Dears ov rox Aner re THe Leewann [suawns, rnom 
tie 1sy or Maneu, 1796, 10 tHE EXD or THE Year 1709. 








Remarks—About 187 men belonging to drafied regiments, who were left in 
different general bospit fala Sa Tepe Hints Oe teaser oe tipe eae 
atinclad gd Xn sh sbove rtamn, - Tha morality i the shore gear vas post 
valent B Es ‘Lucia and The 31st regiment landed at St. Lucia 775 

ae el the ae end of October, it had only 16 fit for duty, and 


scarcely an officer or man lefl. Bo 40th, and 35th, 
‘leet, all sung peels in May > lot ry fax the greatest part of their 
fayd men in the sane period. th Feglmnent lost af Grenaata, from 


same period, 13 officers and GOS m 
repre 2 ee AND. Esrancesnwan, at Kasax—The 
stBs 





ine for inving kj 10 
eat cerned ‘hapa, and one iar ‘Medched. fot te 








by 
ther, ani at the sare time stir the mass of power, collect and heap 
Fp i "oad the ede, "For this purpose ano of 


mer Sirede aavrkaes sgloe wfeak fog Gren aehoee pre 
“ ‘being materially injured. Besides, it has been crideavoured to diminish 
the effect of explosions, by the square shape given to the anills, the tops of which 


372 EDITOR'S PORTFOLIO, 


ieee cag ok pris ef posse noupeauie wean 
60 4 a ion ing 
val f ‘and of sulphur, 

malipaey, 0 TEC Rat aa 6 pe iphur, are placed 


ive water, Seve epee 
determines the quantity of water to be employed, ‘The medium quan= 
tity 1s 12 pounds of water to 60 pounds of 

the powder is granulated, or reduced to in the comman way; that 
a quantity of the bruixed mass is passed with « leaden machine into sieves, fir 
‘which are moved ve fall 


pa 
place a grata fs 

“the stove-liouse.” This room is heated by triangular wooden billets half 

each other from the bottom to the top of the hall; to up a uniform degree 
3 alee een 


4 
as. 


, = 
Fae HE 





: 
' 
i 
F 


per month. ‘Tho cannon powder of Kasan gives fom 65 
musket powder 75 to 90, and ent pheay from 100 to 120 
pr employed ere come from Moe 

‘the neighbourhood of Kasan; hired workmen, 
prepare sind deliver it at the manu ‘The individuals forming this establishe 
‘ment are, 1 general, 1 lieutenant-colonel, 1 major, 5 superintendamts, 2 sub-lieute- 
Fie = master powder-iakers, 200 soldiers, 500 workmen and horse-drivers; in 
A Tan's Ryasox—Two jolly tars happened to be passing the Admiralty « short 
time after Use appointineat of the Duke of Cluwnce, au appointiment which was 








the other, # isso 
just by way of showing tht bo's no feather bod ar that’s allyiny bo" 








* From a Ms. Napier on the Tiansctiony of the Ney Tesh Academy, 
tegen natn fick rd to Jee the fore ofthe power eons thon font 
nut i server to preserve the powder from being injured by damp.—Eis. 





373 
GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &c. 


, TO THE ARMY. 


exncutan. 
War-Ofiice, 30th Nov. 1829. 

Sin,—I have the honour to acquaint you, 

that it has been deemed expedient for the 

of relieving regimental Paymasters 
from the responsibility which attaches to 
them in receiving from the military chests, 
the total amount of the monthly estimate at 
the commencement of the month, to 
arrangements, by which the funds for 
service of a corps on a foreign station, may 
be issued to the Paymaster in such propor- 
tions, and at such periods only as may be 
most convenient to defray the services of the 
‘corps at the periods laid down in his Majes- 
ty’s regulations. 

‘The instructions for the preparation of the 
estimates on foreign stations, and the mode 
of drawing money from the military chest, 
are herewith annexed, and will take effect 
from the 24th of the month next ensuing 
after the receipt of this communicati 

‘A copy of these instructions is 
warded for the use of the Paymaster of the 
regiment under your command, which you 
will be pleased to deliver to him. 

T hare the honour to be, Si 

Your most obedient humble servant, 


H. Hanproz. 
Officer Commanding 
Regiment of 


Instructions for the guidance of Command- 
ing Officers and Paymasters in preparing 
regimental estimates on foreign stations, 
and drawing money from the military 
chests, referred to in the Secretary-at- 
War's letter, dated 30th Nov. 1829. 














Fons No. 1. 


‘The monthly estimates of a corps on a fo- 
teign station, are tobe prepared in wipliat; 
by the Paymaster, and are to be examined 
and certified by the commanding officer of 
the regiment. 

One wow is to be laid by the commanding 
officer of the regiment before the officer com- 
manding on the station, in proper time be- 
fore the commencement of the month for 
which the estimate is drawn, agreeably to 
such directions as may be given in this re- 
spect by the officer commanding on the sta- 
tion ; and the officer commanding on the 

, if satisfied of the propriety of the 
estimate, will grant a warrant, (according to 
the accompanying Form, ) on the commissary 
for the amount. 

‘One copy of the estimate is to be trans- 
mitted by the Paymaster to the principal 








commissariat officer on the station, in order 
that the latter may attach the warrant there- 
to, and annex the same to his accounts, as 
his authority for the payments to be made 


thereon to the Paymaster. 
One copy is to be retained by the Pay- 
master at head-quarters. 





‘An abstract of the estimate for the use of 
the agent is to be forwarded to the Seee- 

-at-War, ie earliest proper = 
Hin ware tle 
riod. 


Form No. 2. 


‘The paymaster will from time to time draw 
upon the commissary in charge of the mill- 
tary chest, for such sums as he may want 
during the month, each draft (of which a 
form is herewith) being countersigned by 
the officer commanding the regiment, who 
will satisfy himself at the time that the 
money is wanted for immediate use, and 
take care that each payment on account of 
the estimate is duly inserted in the abstract 
of the estimate, which is to be transmitted at 
the termination of the month to the Secre- 
tary-at-War, for the use of the agent. 
Fors No. 3, 

Each draft with the receipt of the pay-mas- 
ter, will constitute the commissary's voucher 
(tobe attached tothe accounts of te latter) 

for each separate payment; but to enable 
the Commissariat Department to reclaim at 
the War-office the amount of the several 
advances to the paymasters on account of 
their estimates, the commissary will prepere 
a general monthly statement (according to 
the inclosed form) of his issues to the pay- 
masters, and to which each paymaster, on 

occasion of his receiving a Payment, will affix 
his signature, as an acknowledgment to the 
War-Office of the advance made to him. 

This general monthly statement will, on 
its being transmitted through the Board of 
‘Treasury to the War-office, be admitted 
support of the claim for repayment of the 
advances made during the month to the 
several paymasters on the station. 

‘The paymaster is to crodit in the General 
state of the regimental pay list, the precise 
amount of the estimate authorised by the 
warrant, and he is to take care that this 
amount’ is drawn for within the month, 10 
that the several payments made to him and 
inserted in the commissary'sgeneral monthly 
statement, may invariably correspond in 
amount with the regimental credit. 

When supplementary estimates are neces. 
sary, they are to be prepared in the manner 




















BT GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, Ke, 
submitted thorized ly Ewtimate of the ke, 
if he approve of the stir willl issue cn == 
te, to 
ie ca ‘he amount 





“Army Sterling. 
Amount of the 
‘Warrant of the ‘Monthly Estimate 
the ise from the military chest <4 
‘amount of the monthly estimate fore ; 
from ™ 2 
Now ti z 
To i 4 
You aro hereby authorised = 
to pay ‘Total alrondy drawn £ 
in auch proportions ax shal 
quigod during the month ature of the : 
tho sam of 
ng the ameant ofthe nonhlyeniat of aes ' 
' Approved 
0 ‘Commanding Officer of the Regt. 





Bonn No. 2 et or tum Paysast ens ; 


Dxsrr ov vite Rewimerrat PavMarrtt, tho shove sum of 

covrrmatexah wy tue Oreicen Com 

mavonso tun Rromnst, ~ 

Required the sus of Sigetes a nf 
army sterling, boing on account of the aa- aymaster 

Fons No. 3. 
To ue weasamrrren 10 THe TReasvny. 

Moxruvy Apvances rnom vmx Mivirany Cust ron Par, éo, or Ractwisrs, 

‘An Account of the Advances at pou the Ware 
{ants ofthe Oficer Commanng zing the Month; trom the 9th to the 





ie | 














Station and Date 
of tho Commissary 








description book, if the attestation is not 
When the fies shall have been 
ropes entries . 
made the Fecal reat, the vere 
records aro to be numbered to correspond 
‘with the regimental number alfred to each 
oldiars name, andre then to: be 
‘over to the paymaster, who will file them in 
‘two volumes, distinct from the attestation 
book, continuing to record in thom 
‘variation affecting the soldier's service, 
37,18 he mame dined in the 7h and 
articles of the instructions ; the verified 
oe ‘thus become the eens 
a poscasion, ‘ 
‘the services of every soldier in i 
‘mont, in the no ihe a 
soldier 4th sh 
‘TI, will be recorded the 
age he vied i 
jis fore, 
a 
et 
form of attestation ix to 
solder who say bo nt 
‘Every soldier enlisted since the 
records were comy 
before the 26th 
pabnipent ny 
Pay vyn ee 
in the old 


Hat 


i 
i 


= 
F, 





supyast 





CENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &c, 


8 
E 
5 
E 
& 
= 


any point reqaliag wroferwnce, ray be 
eta be sat the Watton y tn 
t, commanding officers will i 
attent meee iain antale Bede las 
‘the restr: should 





tions. 
ind —-L haye the honour to bo, Sir, 


Your most obedient humble servant, 


Offcor commanding 
regimmeat of 





CUNOULAR. 
re ere coo Deo. ae “a 
rit, As it appears occ 

the Court itch 















eblicancount in the rogmantal fay ist at 
rate and econling to the decision given 
a each indiviual cases i th ezempany- 
ou will ot fail to roport to m9, xs soon 
as these ro-payments: have heen made. 
1 have the 

‘Your most 








376 


PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS, 
NAVY ESTIMATES FOR THE YEAR 1090. 


‘Navy Office, Docs 31) tom, 
L. Aw Batimate of the Charge of Wages ait Vietuale, for twenty-nine thousand mem, including mine 
‘thon Woyal Marines, fo serve tn his Majesty's Fleet; for thrtees Iunar snouts, commencing the 
ot cing of Janay, 1890, 
‘Tor the wages of twenty-nine thosand aneny at two pounds twelve 
shillings «mau, « mouth + 050,200 0 0 
ofc the eld cng tote fond twee dog 
foany ammonite + +0030 0 0 
——. 





183/000 9 
Uy Abstract of vhe Navy son Viesnalling Ordinary Estimates for the Year 1890 
PARTE Pint, 

Contaluing the Salariex and Contingent Rxpensor of the Pablle Departments ba Lenton, ad, 
‘Naval Ketabllshinents of tie Wakes to Artincers abet Labourers employed! in his Majesy'e 

it Hoine anil Abroul ; of the Charge for Thusber and all other Materials for the Bailing, Repalts 
‘anil Vittog of hie Majesty's Ships, Kx. of tho Change for Pllotage, and orhor Contingunvive and 
“of the Wages and Yieinals to Diticers, Skipheepers, and Men, serving om board Vessels ta Ordintry, 
aa aden he elirvog Hands — 








Departmonty EKO 7 

tm ‘Majenty’s Yara ac Home |. var doo 10 8 
3 Wagew to Artifice ani Labenrers ewplaged la his” Majoty’s 

Ymdsat Home. war 00 


“4. Charge for Ther aid all other Merle for te boiling repay 
and Ott'ng of bis Majesty's Ships, &e. (aflor abating L64,000/, 





‘ecelved for Gta Storesin Was). s osNo 0 
J. Charge for lotagey Babvage, Bouniy for Slaves, malatenanes of 
distressed Seamen, Bschevjuer Pres, and other Contingencies, 75,000. 0 @ 
0. Hin Majesty's Yards Abroad. ee 
4% Vlaualling Vande (tar abun on. revelvest for Old Storer ba 
109) += + OL0m BO 
4. Metical Bxablidiment, Gaaiey apd Comingensin | > Okano 
9, Roynl Nuval Cullege, and School wf Naval Arehiteetwe BMS HT 
10. Wages: Allowances, and Vicinals of Oficers wad Men belonging 
fo Shipsin Onlingyy +s sey ws OBB OL 
AU Wired Packets. Se ae cuerd Bens fh Ul 
1,897,306 18 7 


THE SECOND. 


Comtainlng the HalfPay, Superannuation, aust Peualons, gramte to Orheers of hls 
Majeaes Nnvgy thelr Wits, ani Rte, ds 

1. Male-Pay to Flag OMicers, - £884.00 9 0 

& Bopovannoations amh Pensions (0 Once tie Witow>s ae modo 17 9 











3. Bounty to Chaplios —. 1,500 
oe Greenwich Hospital, eee F000 0 
——— 1103 7 





‘Containing the Sopertnnuations aad Pensions to Commissioners, Seerettries, Clerks, 
Ae. to the OMleers, Artificery, ie. of the Dook yards and of Allowances in lien of 
HalbPay to Naval Otticers furmerly employed tn Une Naval Departuxents 


Toial 
Foe Haptin wed lngrovenibts toda Yardy Bees 


Yor Anny *rovisions: aa 
Fetaupes «pis! a. ss ese 








dscns ofthe Nory Hadas rt Your 180, ' 
1. Wages and Vietwsls for 29,000 mens 1,82 400 0 @ 


LU, Ontinary Katimnate (after sbutlon 100004, ior Sy san we for Vien 
ints Old Srey received tn LOH) « < Fi + AASB ABG Be 
AML Rixtea Kotimate | cl Speke Unga, , ORAS 


377 


“SONIQHYH “H 


0ST “aad OL 'OTOM 











bot ira’ Lut eeees | ¢ or ose'ont's| vextoo | vev'se | moo | + ~~ oer zag ayy aos sofsegy par sssqurax, ogy —nyruioy 
6 6 zeo0n 6 6 wsooor | ors'or | sist | roe [> -  - if + amo 
poe “eden, 2M paE ‘pay ut omrp Jo sedsed) 
vuauniay{ Jo way, pue s>es0} Jo 49qmOK 9RE—PHI 
1 21 cov‘vers 1 eer'us| evo'cor | osr'ee | siete | 








1 or sogoie's 











seven fewer | vio |= << > *} (may go sumaons) eomeg prey 

















ed ox | on | “on 
et | ong 
“men, poet | emai | alto | “TE | mea 
Semen | tou ‘SaoTAuES 














“aouvHD “suaeRAN 








“O68L UVAA AHL UOd SIOIAUTS AWUV JO SULVWILST FHL 40 LOVULSAV 


U.S. Journ. No. 15, Manca, 1830. 


. 


MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


—— exiraontinary atitoy 





Supply, and Sir Henry Hantingr pro- 
‘Army Kalonaton. Wo apectiod 
‘number of Btall-Ofeers and of 
the Miliary, Fauablist- 
‘ocnts, om the retired Cll pays and on the all pays 
ist too, had been materially reiaced, 
ani ‘on a eter footing, ‘There td 
redactions, alo, in the 


some number of 


_ 8004, out of a pasion of 1400K per 


_asen emnplayed on home service, while the 

fem, ms teenies ai be 

“with its black populations might 
tation, On 


hg 
il 
nA 


| 


r 
i 
i 
i 
i 


‘was exiremly moderste, bad. ¥ 


i 
i 


i 
i 


wad beet granted 10 Thien in eonsideration 
Deuiher’s service, becawae Ms 
‘out ofthe country, Tn eenelision, he 
‘he saving on the present year would 
213,000F,, weiel, he subaaitied wan a 
amount of saving at the direamatanevs of 
‘View would allo. Am amendinent was propane 
by Colovel Davies, “That the grant for 
‘Aionld be made only 40 the 49th of May 180, 
‘und of to the 22eh, December, 1830," whieh as 
negatived by 229 40 03 Another amershmenty 
‘poted by Mr. Hame, for a reduction of 3400 men, 
‘as nvgatived By 167 t@ 97. ‘The original resotn- 
toa was then agree fo. a“ 
On Monday, the 201 Febenary, farther poos 
‘gress war mundo in the Kacinaves, ad after some 
oppvaition offered by Mr, Hame, Colonel 
und a few other members, they’ were all 
‘by barge majoritens 


i 
Hy 


F 


MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


ARRIVALS AND SAILINGS. 
Jamuory 19. Powrsxowrs.— Arrived HM. C. 


An 
ERNEAA—Asrived Hl. M. C. Swan, Licut. 


Goldie, - 
41, Pouramourn.—Sniled H. MC. Snipe, 
Lieut. Purcell ; and Hy M, ©. Highttyer. 
Balled Hl. Ms 8. Winchester, 
wien, C. Hy and HM, © 


‘ua Pontamourd.—Amived Il. M. C, Rayon 
HemsAtelved H. Mt. C, Leveret, Lieut. 
‘Wonh. 


Panwoori.—Arrived! HM, Ps Marlborvayh, 
4, Wall, from Eésbon,. Left 1h Janaary, 

‘28; Sieanneas—Arvived He My Cx Burlys 
‘Lient. Viherwood, 

‘Facouri—Balled H. MP, Stanmer, Re 8: 
Sutton, for Lisbons He M. 'P. Skylark Liewt. 
‘Peters, for Rio Janeiro? and HM. F Bramble, 
Lieut. Harwell, having returned from Lisbon, 
‘hich ples she Het on the 130h. Arrived HM. 
Agra, Lent. St. Joba, from Buenos Ayres Lett 
00 the 14th, aint Monie-Videw on 16th Deveanber. 

Pi Balled HM. C. Leveret, Liowt. 


4 Pontewovrus— Balled the Diligence 


Faxaovrn—dailed He M. 2. Lord 
Lieot, Webbe, for Jamalen and He Me 























"ef, Lents Rowpel ami fH, Ms C. Starting, Liew. 
i Roped 


Vevwourn—Arrived H, Mi. 8. 
er 
Siemens 
oe egy 
‘Passingham, for the West [etion 
oe, Saar ara ell 
Sri inn carez teehee 
‘Royalist, Lient, 


war ovr —Sailed HM, 
a, Poreenosra— Anived WM: R Wha. 
ten, (ek), * W. Austen, C, 8. Salled 
HM, Chet Lieat. Roopel, H. M. GC. Mae 
ven, and IE, Mt. ©. Sylvia, Lent, Morgan, 
8 esa—Halled MH. M,C, Tdnnet, Lieut. 


‘rt—Sailed H. M.S, Reitomart, 

Com, Jobnwoa, He M, ‘cet pang 

aad Oy Transport, Livut. . 
2h Pontsmouri. — Arrived the Supply 
32, PonrsMourn.—Salled H. M. G. Spar. 

Cone abet . M. 8, Nimrod, (20), Comme 

‘one. — [Me A 

* Feesen i —dred 3 a 

Pe ae, ved H. M,C.’ 5 
4. PORTSMOUTH. —Arrived the 

pert, Licat, Deceurdous. bio 
‘Swnxassst—Sailed HM. ©. Hope, Lieut. 
Burwovrm— Arrived Hh Me Ov Sparrow, 

‘Tivot, Mostntt. 


Fabraary 1. PoutsmovrAreived HM. Cy 




















=i 


= 


ae 


Ms MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


Arron, Line HM, Btoan-Vewey 
eho, Liewt, Binet, and He M. C. Mighityeny * 

Furwoura.—-Solled 16, MC, Sparrow, Liewle 
‘Motint, and) Hi. Me Bteam Verel, Meteor, Liewk 


‘& PLywoera—Pat back HM. G. Sparrow, 
Lieut. Modtatt. Balled Ml, M. Ky Vigilant, Mlowt, 


je—Balled He My Os Speeityy Liewts Fs By 


2. Puywoorit—Arrived H, M, X. Pondlora, 
» Com. Hon J. Fe Gordons trom the Kast 
Laft Tringomalee M4 Sept, Madras Od 
‘Bepl. and Ascomsiow 1904 Dec. 
4k "Pur MoUr iH Me By Pasion was taken 
Hamonse 


8. FoyMouTi.—Amived M, M. Cy Speedy, 
Liens Je. Orugg. Balled He af. 0, Swallow, 
Tout. 3. Moffat. 

‘Fanwourn—Arived H. M. P. Princess it 
abot, Lieut, B. Beott, from the Biraviln. Left 
Rio on 3d December. Suiled H. M. Btonm Yow 
‘sl, Metoor, Leal, Ws IT, Symons, with the Malls 
for Cadin, Gloraline, Corts, avd the Bavt Haden 
‘The latter to be Landed at Alexandria, 

® Faumovriti—Sallod H. M. Ke Vigitnt, 
‘Lieut. Laney, for Listen, He Me DP. Swallow, 
‘Lieat. Baldock, for the Hraatl, H. MAW. Mover, 
ote te Famnoben, al Hy Ms Ps Ree 


(a), Comm, 
Behejaed Hi Ms: Me (20) Com. Balink, 

1. Fonrewoorn—Arivest H. M0. Sparrow, 
‘dewt Mortatt. Sailed I. M. G. Starling, Liew. 
Hasvinon, 


Purwoor.—Arrived HM. M. 8. Hriaet, 
(04 Go, 








= 
x 
Z 


Jotiyon, 
aoe Push IE: P,P eat 
Downey, nod H. bt Ke Vigilant, bint, Taney. 
Arrived Hl. Me Ps Magnet, J. Vorteoun, frock Lie 
‘bom, left oh Sanuury, Arrived Hy MP. Now. 
fons. Morphew, from the Weat indies. Lett Bt 
‘Thon’ tat Dec, and Hy Me Ps Osborne, Leuk, 
Leia trom Cordagion. Stied oth Drove, 

aunalea aad, and Tain 300, 
5. Paxatourn—Salled He MK. Vigttant, 
dent, Laney, for Lisbon, aul HM. P. Power, 

‘Hivute Downey, (or the West Laer. 





Poxvswourit,—Sallel Ms M, Bomb, Ouys, 2 
Bote. 


Os f + Ms Bom, Boys 
ah, emowrn—Anivet Roy: 


‘Capt. C. ¥. Yorke. 
recurved HMC. Speedy Lt 
‘Cragg, “Arrived. He MP Lavorat, Lient Worth, 
12. Foursmourn—Arrived HM, G. Shige, 
‘Balled the Ainphitite Transport, 


SURERMESS—Salled H. M.S, Talerwrs He 





319 


Capi He Pigot.torthe Downe Salled M. Me 5, 
‘Childers (18), Con. MR. Deana. 

1% Ponrswoorn.—Sailed HM. 8. Wine 
cheater (32), Capt. Ve We Avaieo, Olds with the 
‘ag of View-Admiral E.G, Colpoyn, for Wea 








14) Downs —Aevived HM. S.Tolavern (P4), 
Cayt. H. Pigot. 
15, Pontesourn.—Arvived He My ©. Migh- 
Sey AG. kenesy Mee ane 
Paumourits— Arrived the Amity Transport 
‘rom Barbndoen, 


40, PonrsMouri. — Arrived the Ludustry 
‘Tranoport, and Ll. Bt. Stearm-Vemel eho, Lien, 


Poursuourn.—Saliot If. M. C. Amow, 
5 Sparro, Liew Motfat; and 


aye an Balled He Mee Tail tr 
Sheerness. 


MIBCELLANEOUS, 

On the 20th of Jauvary, Viow-Mmiral Ke Oe 
Colpoys hoisted his tag om Board Hi. ML. 8. Wine 
‘hventer, (62) Capte WW, Autom, Cele at Sphte 
ead aivd sailed on the 1th for Barbwloor, to 
etieve Vice Admiral Hoa. ©. Ie Fleomigs tn the 
scnnsans of Ube Went India Staion, * 

‘ts Majeaty’« Sip, Java, Capt. W. ¥. Carvol, 
0h Clniely retuned from the Haat Enlien with 
‘the fg of Rear-Admiral W.Hlall Gages) war 
‘ff nto ondiwury at Hrtsmouth ex the Bth 
‘ete ratlfylg to cere th reat degree oF eat 
iglity which woe evinced anon all climes of the 








t0 be in the fore oekpit. On the starbownd gldy 
‘are those of the Junior Nentenant of Marines, the 








‘3018, Left Falmouth ow the ath of Pebs 
‘Mediverrmnenn. We look. on this as an era in 
‘weno navigation, whieh bids fair ¥ insodoee tts 
‘more general ndeption for the purposes of Govern 
ment, 


The flowing naval offcers are at prevent at 
tending Tecinres at the Rayal Naval College, 
bean W.Webesey, Commi 3 ich 
el, Ho, We 9 Je Sac 
Jaw, M.D. Trover, G11. Maxwoll, 8. Siyih, 
AW. Pritobards Re Semrt, Re Meresiths HL 
Craigie, Js Hindmarsh; Lieutenants, J. Sabben, J. 
M'Namary, J, Wright, A. Reid, JeSibly, 3. A.W. 
Hh, B. Weatropy, Miles, Mosbery, I. Ate 

nso, Je 

‘The following Midshipmen passed tholr exam. 
rnailon 4 candidates cor Leutenants on the sth OF 
Vob 1A. T. Goldie, W. Lilley, C. H. Mauniton, 
H.-J. Roding, Ky Stoptoud, Je Ae Av Riddell, 
2. Ry Milford, We. Mammond, Hon, 7. 1. 
Keppel, H. J. Teeny, J. G. Harsison, 

His Majesty's Ship Cores, at Sheernom, and 
Cephatas at Plymooth, have been combemnedt wot 
‘Taken fale dock for the pupa of being broken 
up, 

By recounts from Mo Faneiro, dated in the 
Atior part 6€ Now. hls Majests*s Ships Adveotnre 
find Deagle were surveying. the Inlaud of Chilor. 
‘The Tribune at Monto Video, shortly going 40 the 
Facido, Cadmus th the Kiver Plate. Warspite, 
Beringypainin, aed Liyhiniug, at Rio Janeiro, 
Alere and Thetis cruising. Sapphire at Sen Jay 
Porte at Callso, Heron at Valparasn, ealeeting 
freight to retorn home. 











Te Fee 
ave the later for repairs. ‘The Mamillies took 

of the Suveru about yevew years ago, 
She. is sid Wo be in w very bad couililon, and 
‘ll Aa all probability te broken wp, 


PROMOTIONS, 
CAPTAINS, 





COMMANDER: 


MONTHLY NAVAL RGOISTER. 2 


Resting, J.B. 
Pitageraid, O 


Despatch. 
‘Ont-Pension of Creen- 


‘Verlings De 

ASeIITAST-sUROEONS. 
Mallon, W. ‘Woolwiely Dooke yar, 
Brown, Is Pembeoke Dock-yand, 
Yorrower,J. Tonaed, 
Kirk. J. Vinee. 
MWilllam, J, 0, ipareow. 
Ritchie, G. Victory. 
Stieth, 3. Nimrod, 

yUneen 

MW Knight, 7. ‘Trinetilo. 


Alexiuvter, J. Ae 
W. 





381 


ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY. 





Principal Staff at Head-Quarters, 


Secretary.at-War.— Right Hon. W. 
Windham, er Keats. 
|North America.—< Lieat. - Gen. Henry 








Gaptain-General and Commapders ‘Bowyer, from 13th 
Chief, Field-Marsbal H.R. H. the Apri. 








1800. Duke of York, K. Jumalca and its Dependencies.—Lieat.- 
|War with France, ‘Gen. Earl Balearras. 
‘Spain, | Adjutant - General. — Colonel Harry ‘cat--Gen, Thomes 


Leeward Iaanda — atte 
Mediterrancan,—Lieat-Gen. Sir Ralph 
‘Qestes Mamer Ceased Lee Abercrombie, K.B. 
i - Uent.Gen, the Hon. 8ir 
ikea Gemseaiat tha Goi Lv ‘Charles Stuart, K.B. 

ster Gene nance — SirGeorge Youge, 

Gen. Margla Cornwall, eG | C1P#0€ Gand Hope — { SHOE 

Gibraltar.—Gen. Charles O'Hara. 
‘Lient.-General of the Ordnance.—Gen.| On a Particular Service.t— Lieat.-Gen. 
Hoa, Sir W. Howe, K. B. Sir James Pulteney, Bart. 

; Major -Gen. Hon. 

vive Fog Hoe hme 


and Holland, | Calvert. 











4 








Total Namber of Troops maintained by the Country, tncloding} 
Militi, Fencbles, and the India Forces... . . ee «+ «5 MOA 
Expense of dittoydito. oe ee es £9,595 053 8 Bd, 


DisratsorioN oF Tite REGULAR PORCH: 
Great Britaln, Jeney, Guermey, and Alderney. oe ee ee 5 O05 
Pocatons, aiding Gira Pr Migr aidater Son's 

Mediterrnene, Cape of Good Hope, and New South Wales s+ mao 
Eat Indies (four regiments of Light Dragoons and sixteen regiments of Foot) . 24,192 








DISTRIBUTION OF THR RPPECTIVES OF THE ARMY IX IRELAND. 





Field Subal- Quartermasters, Serjeants, | Rank and 
Oficers. | Captains. | terns. | Stat. | Trumpeters, and Drummers. | File. 
Cavalry a 30 | 10s | 30 264 3860 
Infantry Pe ee sor 24007 
Embodied Miliia—South Britala . 5... 5. 80a 4 
Ditto—North Brita sw se sees 7088 
Cornwall and Devou Miners os oar 
Fencible Iafantty sy ev vb ee ets + 10687 
Fencible Cavalry 02 ll ateag 
Embodied Provisiooal Cavalry <2 12 2. amas 
Recruited... . 5. ss + + 1%)104—Tolal from 1703 to 1800 Inclusive, 208,388 
Discharged on secount of wounds». .  4321—Ditto ito 75,910 
Killed oF died {athe service... | 13¥—Ditto sino apr 
Foreign Corps ee es 13,070 
Fixpetie ofits ee ve oe + §aTNs8 Has. ad. 











* Asa public testimony of his Royal Highness conduct In North America, the Legislative Assam. 
bly unanimously voted five hundred guineas for the purchase of a diamond star, to be presented to the 
Duke of Kent, as a mark of their affection and respect for his person and character. 

1 Perrol, &e. 

{ Quiberon Bay and the Coast of France, but afterwards united to Sir James Polteney’s force. 

4 Tn this year seventeen hundred men of the Feneible Cavalry entered the Regular’ Cavalry régh 
ments of the army. 

















382 ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY. 


AND OCC' AND OMRONOLOGICAL 
MILITARY ACHINYEMENTS OCCURRENCES, : 
-“Pebreary 13. A message was delivered from ils Majesty to Parliament respeoting the employment 
‘of German oops instead of Masalana. 
May. ‘Tho forve wiser the command of Major-Gen. the Han. Thomas Maitland, assembled tear the 
‘Island of Houat,of Dretapue, for the purpore of attacking Bellelles 





‘qovst of Bolleiste, wt the strong works that had bern provided for the defence of that island, 
aged the tht assess Gravion proceed oe ook of BRULEE Malate: Os 
Haw, Thome 1% force joined the force ander Lieut. Gen. Sir Somer Pulteney, and the expe 
dition eallod for Ferrol. ‘The lard-forees now consisted of 11,000 men, Independent of sailors and ma. 

“h diaersbarkatiout an effected without ba 
the enemy, o8 whieh occasion the Hon. (Col 


the Cavan's Delgado, and. the British rewained i com) ‘of the 

relat ten ta trace’ The emg a he emmy, the ian lc pres 
‘the siak attendant om failure on be Iu, with Ue Pronpeet of sucess amt tive 

derived frou it on the other," (Draravcm,) determined Sir James to re-<mubark 

ips. The following corps wiffored on this werviee sit Battylion Royals x Wel: M7 tvs Sd, Ie 


i 
i 
t 
: 


i 
Hi 


f 
= 
2 
z 
: 
£ 
; 
Ay 
7 


‘Seununand of a force against that freebuvters Hie accordingly tok the elt om Ue days and often nie 
SKirmishing, Doondis roti on tho 10th to  xivong position called Consghull. Vere he made a 
‘Mund. and Col, Wellestey having pursued eo With tis Cevaley.Jonving his Lufantry far Wedite in the 
‘rear, he suddealy foot binelt a front of iow with a very aneqaal forse. ‘The enemy amounted to 
Foe, sal Cal, Wallney' Ito band coined of the 1th ph Tight Dragons, ad 
‘24 roximenia of Native Cavalry. At this eritical momont, aware that It would be In vain to 
feinas oy of he Later, wo eran hla opine that Deola eld wot Wig ll trope. 
‘Hority of snnmbors to bear at once, the Colonel rushed onwards to the asault. The Intropidity of 
Kish soldiers stgnafly manifested Hielf, After # sharp roniiicl, te enemy fell back 1a covfuston : 
‘Mimielt was among the alain, aad the remains of his army wore dispersed in small partion 
Pew aouary. Fos of he enemys Dagens lt rerd ta hia camp ehowt ve oie emt 











to wrest fromm vhe Preaeh » maritime stathvo of suel lpr 
‘ance, ata more particularly when their views wpom India, throngh” Kqy'pt,-becime so saaaifett ; Rae 
‘errare that ite govsinin were wnlike Uhe anode Koights of Malte, abl conatdering Une proigiens 
‘of is works, commanded 4 bloskasle as the only effectual nud most huaue method to par 
ane, “Accontinely, the Hritish force abovementioned appeared before Malia in the month of Sept 
ber 1708, The ‘purrizon held out amid mvalotalaed posession till September 1800, when after 
Alege, oF more propels spweibing, » blockade, of two your's Mt surrendered. Mafor-Gen. Pigot having 
arrive a short thve pre capitulation, the Nonout of trantmitiing an account of the aneoere 


2 


‘thw: British arms devolved upon hina. 


ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY. 383 


‘mineh tndebiod 10 him for his assistance to that bartaens!"—Rxvnacy enom Mayon-Gen, Poor's 
Disraron 10 Gans Sik Be AMAMONOMDLE 

‘October A Wiis Meets under ihe command of Admiral Lacd Kelty hevlag on beard force, 
‘wwe Lieut Cen. Sir Ralph Abererouubie, sled from Gibeoltar.—8. Anchored near Cudin.—@. The 
Aaillery ai ove division of the troops amembled in the boats (a reitiness 10 Tabi, wid which would 
have boon euctod, but for intelligwite that a ial isorter raged throughout the clty.—F.. The 
leat milled with the ariny for the Mediterranenn, and aftor refreshing at Malta, xi remaining nine 
‘weeks ia Mariiora Tay, in Asla Minor, proceeded tw Aboukir Bay, Kxypt.” 

November. Confnlaration between Rursia, Pras, Swodse, and Deimarke 

‘Towuris the clove of this year the Governcy.Cieneral of India, Marquis Woilealey, ordered a division 
of the Tudieu arsny Ww embark for Kxypt, under the command of Major-Gen, Sir David Baird, for the 
urpene of co-operation with the army sent from Rngha, w he atiack of the French forces oa the 
Uanke of the Nile. These troops divenbarked at the Port of Comalr, tn the Red Rea, passed the Desert, 
a Slee he lth are ou the hors of he Meera. a 

‘iritsh foree ha for three years boon stationed in Portugal for the of an 

ssn ty the French oe Sprain ets sic wow teat by these oat the 
ogiments embarking from Lirbou—The Egyptian campaign will appear in ow Annals of 180. 














OBILUARY, 1700. 
‘Marcli: The Hou, Colonel Nawdon, MP. brother to the Bart of Moira. 
May. Lieat. Gen. Anthony Job Martin, Colonel Sixt Poot, 
Gon, Kasel Manners, Colonel ath Light Dragoons. 
‘Lcat-Gen, John Mansell, 
‘Lieut-Aben, Forbes Machexo, (alone Commandant Battalion of Invalid Artillery. 





ADDENDA TO THE NOTH AT TACK BIT OF GUN LAST, OW THE WishANuMENT OF THE 
_ FIPTIE DRAGOONS. 


Asa further tottimony rosposting thie corpe (the umber of sthich it te pouthlo may agai he re- 
stored Vo the nrmy}, we aunex 2 Ietler trom Geo. Hobert Dundas to Laeut-Col. Stewart (now Maryuld 
‘of Lonilonderry), the LiewtColonel of the eorpa. 

+ Kialla, 3d March, 1790, 


“+ When we are soparated, by sea, froin choxe wo love an eastoem, the only reaniree Ws a leter, nid 
1 banien to thauk you, my dear Colowel, foe your hivd favour, whiety I received this moculng. Cone 
inne, new and thon, to make me happy in iikw manner. Your correspondence wil he tattering abd 
‘consaletory bn the distracied tine In whiebs my cuminand bas placed me. What le intended to be done 
‘with your ruslaent, the Sth Dragoons, I know mot but from what 1 know of thew whew eneamped 
‘wnder my command in the Cnrrag, I will, withont hesitation, proaonnee them to have een the worst 
Ch pomdhe bod repeat, When sou foo aftr gv he recon fh ora, T we uabguaig 
sd it your merit; 1 tt the Havens oar thrown om the shaldar young a as I leet 
‘upon any’ progress towards dlieipling, or even decency In appearance, as. ‘geh thine. Twas, 
owever, mont agreeably surprissl om mein, sown afer, « eonnidevable part of this eghmeut ender 
‘your immediate command, whow appearanev and movements pon the eampgroand of ‘Kilkullin, 
‘wore sich at 10 astonish we, and to lend me Ho Unk that they haf never formed a part of the 3th 
Drayoous; bat my adiniration was greatly heightened whew f caine to conalder that thee resem had 
een edfectod in toe wid of w raging rebellinn, when wo other corps bot your own ever droained of a 
Aeill, Tix deelaratioo, my dear Colonel, 1 owe to Juaklees to frlewdshipy ad t0 the love for the ser 
‘viee, whiels even tw old age 4 wll ov vigour with mes Yow ponsese the characteriale powers tht are 
inoceaary te make = good officer, and 1 ain perfectly convinced, that had the Sth Drvgoans remained 
‘in Ireland, nailer your direction, they would son have beewine the vest reghinent of Cavalry tn this 
country. ‘Thave only to add, that yon munst recollect how mach real plouruse I felt, and teattied ba 
‘my plain way, whom you Gat called on wwe ot Caso Martin, when T began to love and esteem yon. 1 
had seem after ovewsion to adinire you ae an officer. Then you sm, and 1 hope have ever se 
hough aw Ineaprble of Hatters, My dear yong frien, way God direet your steps, avd many muccens 
attend them. as 
java 




















* The importance of tare ater vn the Prech and Spanish coasts, i shouldbe observ in Justice 
‘to those wite planned, and thow who conduct them ls hot $0 be meat by the damage dane to the 
eoemny valy, but by the division and diversion thereby voeasiomed of bir Coreen 


ay ve ry 


ANNALS OF THE SRITISN BLEBT, 


Lars Commissioners of the Adminity. | Principal Commandorsin-Chiet. 
a walla, 
— Adin, Ml. Milbank. 


Bark Bt. Vioweut, John Markham. 
1803, | sic P. Stephen, Win. Gardtabores 











‘with France and) Win. Eiilot. ‘Ryan Nepean, (tat See.) 
Motlaid May 10, 
Sie T. Troubridge. We. Marsden, (24 See.) 
James Aianay 











No. of Ships tn Comutiaon ut the commencement of the Year, with the 
Nawver Lawuebed, Captaret, or otherwise host, using the Year. 


















No. ef Seumenanid Mares, voted for first two Yoonr months 80,000 
See ew REE FOUE Han mon 00900 
FED 12221 remituing nar mowits 100,000 








ACTIONS, AND OTHER REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES, 

March. The Prench force In ine-of-battle ships ts wd fo consist of twenty two ailout, fonrteo re 
‘peiring, aid eleven boiling t nineteen mone were onfered to be Inkl down, The Datch Had bat seven 
‘all of the line and x fow frigates ta n serviceable wtate. 

‘May 47. Adinievl Cornwallis cailed with « fect of one bnulved sal, te evviav off Ushant—18. Om 
Untait, the Torts, It. H, Pearson, nftor long chase, eaptnred the Wrench ational laggers WAR 
‘ronteur, of 14 gnne and 0a YueD : ber Captain aon eight men were killed, and fourwsen wounded, “The 
Doris had ove mau woundded.—2. Channel Station, Minotaur, 74, C. J. Me Manatield, in company 
‘with the Thunderer, £4, We, Medford and the Albion, 74,4, Kerrier, expinred 1a Wranchlae, 44 gms, 
In Tat. 45.40. N. aud Long, 6 10, W. The Vietory, 116, 8. Sutton, on her passage tw Gibraltar, 
‘eaploired T?Atbusene, $8 gunk —H0.. "Tw La. 43. 90, N Tange. W. Naha, 28, J. Walls, pe 
ured U/finpatiente corvette, of 0 guo.—at. Lest on Gape St. Vincent, the Kesltanieey 04 Thaw, Py 
Wertehoure, ure saves 

Jane 1 Station, the Hind rovennecntier, Lieut, Senhomse, captaret Lan Pellelté eter, 28 
metem3 Home Station, Rusel, 74, destroyed La Betsy. 4 guns 7. Port an Prince ($1 Domln- 
0); the Haccoo, 18, A. Blocl, eapénred La Vertn, end L*Amal de Colonnet, of & gunr eneh—13, 
Home Station, Kilng (shower), 14, Liew. Archbold, enptored! L/Fapidle lwpger, 12 guns—Ie On 
Kast Point of Cape Blane Nez, Immortalité, 90, KW. C. Owen, in coinpany with Jaloure amd 
Cruiser (sloop drove ow shores viacr the baticrhesy U*faabortable (schooner), an Comumedt (brig) of 
4 gunn each. The Saloon anil Cruiser anchored with springs, ata after 2 well directed exnnonate for 
nearly au hour, suceexses m otlewetog the baeriess whew thelr busts bromght emt de two vemele ner a 
heavy fire of munkvtry from the neighboweingelii. The British Woe but one peruin seeerely wonndles. 
Mediterranea, the Mavitstane, 32, Ry Hy Mowbray, enptares 1/Atah, o(8 yunr—te. OM Ushane the 











ANNALS OF THE BRITISH FLEET. 885 


‘Dragon, 74, J. Aylmer. in company wit the Endymion, 44, Hon. 0, Paget, enptured La Colimbe 
(corvette), 10 guna—20, An expedition sailed from Barbadocs, tor the redvetion of the island of Bt. 


i 
| 
; 
E 
} 


Ie preset SEM swe Meclred Sok Sl WOES BE ga ce AB Fal ei; 


‘national sciooner, Olveaa, 10 yun ; the former effected her escape by superior alling the (wo 
‘aiken, Tn Lat, 27. 12. N. Long. 20, W. the Eavlyiion, 4, Hem Cy Pagel, exptired the 
iacchante, of 18 guns, Bearing lepatches from St. Domingo to reat > she hn whght 


La ‘agro Ww 
; she. was destroyed hy fire. Home Statlon, the Hydex, 28, 


pt 
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i 

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i 

h 

i 

i 

4 oF 
He 
LE 


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“Yared hier abe had one officer tau ‘two sven killed, the commander With foar other 
‘men wounded, Iu the boats were ono fand five men woundot-—8- Off Cape Niclolas-Mole, 
Goliab, 74, C. Brisbane, one of he ‘rang of St. Domingo eatared ta 


i 
H 





FE 
i 
Ui 
‘| 
il 
il 
4 
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at 
ie 
ills 
igeh? 
nal 
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at 


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‘Cherhonrg, La Minerve, 42, 4. Hevnton, while in chase of some Prowch wousels arto 
‘on the Wentcra polat of the Cones, oni after « gallant defence of several hours from 
Inatteries, a division of gunboats, and two lange brigs, she was obliged to anrrenters 
jand rigging were much damaged, twelve mien Killed and fonrieen wounded —4. At the 
‘OF Threat harbour, the boats of Nalad, 3, J. Wali, commancedt by cute, We Dean and Jy 

sy Inde wlth heavy cannon ani timbers At Curagons the 


jreaplared L’Alcion (brig) 10 guns Of Bly Domingo, whilst the Racoon, 18, Av Bissell 
gto windward, alarge corvuite, the Lol, wns obsorvod at anchor In Laogane’ Roads, the 
npyamchored within a few yars of her opponeot, when & amart action commenced, that 
1 forty tainnter, whisb obliged the enemy to surrender; she had one man Milled ant fours 


f 
I 





ni 





Racoon bad but -one peron woutted.=—18,” Home Station, the Constanes, 24, 


‘As J. Grisinhy captured La Wuret Corte), ¥ guna, 84 wene—I0, The ndysnlon, a4 Hom. 0. Paget, on 








1 
i 


agger), 2 gane, #4 toen.—Bi. Memo Station, the Plantagenet, 74 (, We 
‘Covi ge, 60 mreni=m 2, Hone Siaiony the 
Amavou, 38, W- Parker, captured La Fel ng, 08 mon? samme day, the Thanderor, 74, W. hed 


i 
: 
2 
i 
: 
H 





‘Near the risus Tongue, France, the boats of the Hydra, a4, G, Mundy, comnnanted by 
Mi. Tracy, gallantly bronghi ou the Pavorly of Agnes from waver «heavy fre of musbetry 

‘OM Cuba,the Racoon, 1 A. Mistell, eaptnred Loe Dea Amis and Los Trols Fesros 
of guns each, aid another schooner, of 2 ins, was run on shore etl destroyed, The Ca- 





i 
? 
i 


386 ANNALS OF THE BRITISH PLEBT. 


‘Grice and other ports of the Seive declared W be in m alate of blowkadler—by Tort Davy 
nlngo, the Thetous, 14, Jobo Bligh, captured La Sagesse, 28 gone. Home Station, the 
‘eutter), Licut. W. Gibbous, captared L’Bepoir (brig). 0 guns, 9 men. The Jano, aa, He 
sapiured Lee Quartre Pil, guns, 73 men—10. Mediterranean; the Littern sloop, 10, Hobort Corbet, 





‘eaplured La Callle (choower, 6 pans, 0 men—Te. The Argo, dt, 1. Hal ceaptared Diwan 
(carter), WO guna, Omen, The town of Granville was atincked, and wistalned material damaxe, by @ 
Mardaiques the Blem- 
‘of the Immortatits, 


sptared the Caroline (r<hooner), 
as men. The Hippos Det nartnal ove, ken a he arender  Demerah hd 





Ls 
‘The Tarde, 38, R, Honynnah, while engazing a Aovlle of gun.bowte, nenr Boalogne, «shell fell, 
‘and exploded In her hold, witout hurting a slagle pervan. Fs 
ate Mame Suiion, Asats 40,4; Wood, sprue L*Arentary 26 ten, 144 wth 
Camberiand, Cuba, the Kacoon, 1%, As Biwell, fuer a very severe engagement of more than 3m 
‘hour, succoeden hs capturing three Preach national vesmels, La Petite Fille (gup-brig), having om board 
sz huedead ant shy ropes La Jane AAule(eboonr) 6, wit egy troop abd Lae (oe 





‘Milbank (sebconer. 14, Liew. Ne Stare, captured Les Sept Proves (brie), 2 enm—st, ' Boulogne, 
the Admiral Mitchel (bleed cotter), Licut. A. Bhephard, aftr two hours and ahall engapement with & 
Vronch Iguoubrig, aneceeded in driving hor on shore ; Wkewise « French alonp, which war wiser the 
tiga coanny: Yn eter resivd nach damage tow el hat fe on bond se ad fowr mem 
wounded. 
_ Revember 3. The enirance of Mancenilie ay. by St. Domtogo, Liew. Nicolls of Marines. with 1% 
wei in a boat belodging to the Manche, 36, Z Mudge, boarded the Albion gutter, of 4 guns, lying 
close ander the batteries of Monte-Christl, after ‘but gallant conflict, the Freeh cotter war, 
‘oat her Captain wat Killed, and five men wounded: Lieut, Neots and three men wonwed, 
yo men killed —B. Od Calals, the Condit (hig), My Lieut. D, Chambers, eaptered ember 
‘Bf gunboat. & gun—10, OM Vahant, the boats of the Ville do Pari, L10, commanled by Lieak 
Watts, captured Lo Menagero==t0s The ited of Martinique, detactincnt of seventy-four seamen, 
wader the command of Lieuts T. Cole and 7. Farber, with sixty marines, under Liewts Gy Rlentty aad 
W. 8. Boyd, of the Blenheim, 14, T. Grives, and the Drake, 16, W. Ferris, went into Marin 
‘DoW: the soarinen sorted TOFK Dunkirk, of © uns, while the weanven succeeded in euttlay Ove 
Harmonie, & guns: she had two men billed, fourteen wounded : Uhe wa 
‘wounded, Mediterrinean, by Lard Nelsou aquadion, taken, Lat Renan 
a gunn North fea, the Cirer, 28, C. struck on ermon a Owor, when ta, 














OAZETTES. 


‘Dectinber th Home Hlatlon, the Vixeh (Orig), 34 Leite Ps Brown, captired Ta Eiownaty 
apna —b. Of Caboritr Point, the Medes, 28, J. Gore, captured 1/Expernnce, & gan, 








Ukewise La Sorcler, 4 gna, 70 men——10. The Shannon, 30, Bi Le Guwer, ran aground during the 
‘aight ba a gale, and was wrecked under the batorka of Cape La 1 crow saved, but made pri- 
somens: she Was afterwartls destroyed by fire, by the beats of the Muli The Deciaigneure, 3, 
ia wood, captured 1/Rapeigh, 4 gum, 30 wen, The Avenger », 16, J. Snell, foundered off 
the rare waved —15, Cork, Use Seftinnte (brig), 16, G, HM wrecked ta a gale wif 
Spike Island, erew maved.—I8. Mowe Station, the Basilisk brig, 14, W. Shepheard, captured mum 
‘ber 496 Kun boat, 2 goms—tt, Bast Heities, the Albjom, Tf Terrier, and the Beptory, 74, A O. 
Dickvon, captured dhe Clarkue” (ship); 12 gene 187 men—S1. The Grapplor, 12, Tieut. A. We 
eae ie nraeetiom tle Seer 5 alma gcemete, 6) Sak Sines AY SP SPY eee 
tna prisoners 
Amon! of Enemy's Ships Captared or Destroyed —French, Line, 1) Frigates, @) Sloopa, 47 y Pri 
wateers, 20,—Datch National Sloops, 3. 
CHANGES IN THE STATIONS OF CORPS 
since oun LasT. 
Jat Batt, Grenadier Ganrds from. Portmansstreet Barmeks to. Windsor. 
2 Matt. Dito... from | usbridge =. es to + Westminater. 
Sd Batt, Dito... from 2 Winkor +. 0. 2 2 to 2 Towers 
ad Batt. Coldstream Ditto from Westminster >. 2 > to + Raightsbris 
let Batt, 3d Foot Ditto . from . Tower . . . . « tw . Ki Mows, 
‘Ud Batt. Ditto Ditto. . fmm . King’s Mews . two. I~at. 
ad Foot Dopit. . . ! from + Shor +2 ee ty Chatham, 
Ost Ditto... ss fom . Dover. 2. 2 ss to 5 Chatham. 
Alt Dito 2 ww from + Deal . + ) « « « to « Chatham, 
‘44th Ditto ee from . Deal . 2. . . . t . Chatham, 
4bth Witte . . . . . ftom . Deal . . . . - . to . Chatham, 
Wh Dito 2 2) 2. fom > Batwvant > 2 2 te + Corks 
98% Ditto... . fom 2 Core + + ss 2! ws Devonport. 
GAZETTES. 


MILITARY PROMOTIONS, &e. 
som Ja%. 96 10 





‘Memorandum.—Tho h, p. of the ander mention 
‘ed omoers has Deen exncelled fram the "2h inst, 
(nelosiveywpon their vecetviag a comated afhrw 
aneo for thelr oomunionions »— Liewt 
59-1 ob West itn 





. J Rom 
Rogt.; Kian J. H Kerr, 
Canadian Feoribles  Lient, WC. He Dacha: 
fan, bp. 000% Bt. Apothwoary Worthington Thos 


an 
“Sra ‘of Veomanry Cavalry, sg 








saab rcp 
ed by the Lord Liewteoant of the Cownty of Wilts 
=I. Pitt, Gent. to be Lieut, vice Cresswell, rex. 


aUKWAT, rem. 2 

Las Dirse—Capts Pred Mares from 

‘np. to be Cupt. view Geo, Marryatl, who exc..n. 
Poot 


4. Gallwey, from he 
We. to he Cop. view Johw O. Cowell, 
‘ext the dif 

‘th Distoe—Stall Burg Jar Maton Cart, MaDe 





58 











from bp 10 be Garg, view Mev, app: to tte 


th Dito —LAewts Arthur Chan. Chichester, rom 
5. pa tobe Lent ie dou H.Tapor, wh nes 
12eh Ditto Lowe. Rie. Lachoneres From he pe 
to be Lient. Vico Geo. Vandeleur, who exe. 
14h Ditto.—Balws Sein, Gents 49 be Bar by. 
Ds view Come, who rot. 


Ditto.—Tns, Chas fre 

rt Tu tobe eee by pe Chap aot 

91 Ditton Colla Wen. Campbell 
{7b PL tw be Ha, whew Cagnphel, youn, 


Johnion, Gent. to be Ens, by ps view Campbell, 
Dine. Ban, Merry Torsion 
Pute 


brats Mir, 


t 
ails 
= 


R 
! 


ie ( 
{0 be Cxpt. vice Ormona : Hus. Hoh Pare 
‘view Otter } Geat. Cadet Win. I 
TRL Mil, Coll, to be Ha. view 


Parker, 
‘53d Ditio—Charkes Inge, kets 0 We Rate by 


isl f 
i 





kh. pe mtst PC 10 bo Lieut, view Michard Megliger 
Creaghe, who exe. 

034 Ditts—= Geo, Trookes Pratt, gent. 10 be 
Bon. without p. vice Reynolts, app. to 17th Ft. 


TAM DittooGapt Haws Upotn form Ty ps 
West Indin Regt, to be Capt. view’ Newon Alex. 
Gonnor, who exe, Te thy GU} Leu. Anthony 
Hobt LeBsirange to be Capt by ps vice Upjohn, 
‘ho ret.p Kas. Wan. Jamoe Myvre, (© be Lients 
by pe view L*Hatrange, To be Ene. Janes Fite- 
smart, gs typ ee Myer; Ba Jn, 
H.C. Robertson, frum 17th Pe ¥iew Sheppant, 
‘prom. nla 

‘70th Ditto—Liewt. Tow Lewis Buller, to be 
Capt. by pe view Vraser, who ret.5 Bina Wm, 
Henry Laver, to be Blewts by yo sioe Butlers 
Geo, Gendom rot. to be Han by p vies Laxce, 

‘ith Diets —Capt. Hen, Sykes Stephens, fn 
ks pete be Capt. vico Lort Win, Francia Monta> 
1, who ene. tothe dU. 

ad Ditta—Kns. Albert Watson, to be Tent, 
‘without py vice Tall, deess Gents Outer George 
Grey, from IR}, Mit Coll. to be Kens. vice Watson, 

‘87th PooimCor, Geos Aug, Pred, Cunynghamie, 
trom bp. Cape Core Ger wo be 94 Leet. vied 
(Chares ed. NeMabon, who one. 

th Ditwo—Geo. Robt, Cumin, gent. w be 
Rian by ys view Olllow, whose wpps har wot taben 
lace. 


Tlonpltal Stat —Biail Burg. Geo. Rich, Mella, 
‘rom hp. (0 bo Burg. tothe ‘view Grin, 
ete 04 Me Dy 

Drevet—Col, Robt, Hovstoun, of the Hon. Ea 
1. Company's Serview, and Lient-Gov. of tha Be- 
inary at Addiscombe, to be Col. in the army 
whilet holding thet apps wniier dhe Court of Diver 
tors. 





OFPICE OF ORDNANCE, Jan. 98. 
KL Regt, Art—Seeoo Capt, Lewia Shuldham 
Barrington Robertson, wo be Ad}. vice Ord, dec. 


WARLOMPICE, Pex 1. 
PRIDAYS Fite Te, 

HE Regl Drs Ga —Cor, Bay. Birkett Grant, 

to be Lieut. by p. rice Thompson, who ret. 

‘Ay Dittn=-Lheat Hen, Penleo, 0 be Capt 
‘ps Pice Siamer, who vets Cot. Geo, Wyn 
Yow, 10 be Livst, hy pe siee Penlense : anit 

Cor, Thor, Smith Pix, Krom he pm Cape Corpy 
Car, to We Cons Wy pe vice Mayor 











BAB GAZETTED, 
aoth Diito.— Kaw. Joho Charles Cu tobe 
Lieat by pe view re Whe rete Wa. 





30th FL. to be AaweSurg. vice M'Auirew, prot, 
in Yah Fe. 

‘ih, D\tto—Lieut. Wen. Jackson, frorn 95th Bt. 
to be Lieat, Vice Welly, who axe, 

241 Ditto.—Lont Henry Bemclerky to be aa 
‘Lem. by p. vice Laverence, prom, 

‘24th Ditto—Lieut, George Kirkaliy, from i 
Pr. to be Lieet. vice Grant 

saath Ditio— Liens ell, trom oth FL, 
to Be Lleut, vice Inckson, who exc. 

‘84H ints — Bos. Robt. Campbell rots 70h Fh. 
to be Kem, without p. vice Payne, des, 

‘84th Ditto—Capt. Hleory Deedes, from tid Phe 
tobe Capt. viee Considine, who exe. 

44h Dinvo—Lleut. Job Bal, Codd trom Bs pe 
to be Lieut, vice Lowther, who ret. 

‘Gt Ditto.—Capt. Win, Considine, from 24th 
Pt. to be Capt. vice Deedes, who ese. 

571h Ditio—Bne John Tutler, from hs ps 7th 











‘#24 Dito.—Liewt, Colln Buchanan, from hp. 
|. York Tanger 10 be Lieut. view Kirkaldy, 


‘Ditte—ins. Win. John Saunders, to be 
Liewt: by ps vice Devisow, wher rete) Kn, and 

AA). Henry Hoye, to hawo the rank of Lieut. 4 

Win, Robt. Halitay, guint. 10 be Bns, Wy py view 

Saunders. 








tend geal, to be Ens. by p. vice, Orsnsbiy. 

Bat West aig Regie Tigut, Win, Vibe. Stam 
ley, from hi p. RL African Corps, to be Liew, 
‘ick Buchanin, whove app, ap H0t taken plage. 

aantincbed.—24 Lieut. Arthur Johnstove Raw: 
ene, from 24 Vi, to he Tent, of Kutantey by’ pe 

Memoranda —The app. of Av-Sacp. Percy: 
‘hte Pairs, frow Ip. Slat Pt. Yo oath 
10 have taken place 10th Lec. taut, has NOt nen” 








TORMUAY, FER IG. 
TWoxhinn amd Banbury Corps of Yeouaney Ca: 
‘valryee= Mead Pettinger Bert, Rent, (0 Ive Comes, 


B89. 


no 


BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. 


SIRTHS. 
Avg. 18th. 1800. At Neenah, the Tally of 
‘Crpts Banndervon, Bengal Cavalry, of a 200. 
+ nd, AL Tio de Janeiro, the Lady of 
P. Grenfell, RN, of son. 
the Iaa0, “AK Halderwor, Howse, Lon 
don, the Marckioness of Londonderry, of a 
sdnughter, 





‘Bervanie, Royal Knginvers, of 3 x00, 

Ou bound He M. B. Prince, of Portsmonth, the 
‘Lay of Cxpt. award Chetham, WAN. C21 
ou. 


‘The Lady of J. Croft, Boy. Medical Stat, of 
son. 
Pets Oth. Near Cork, the Lady of Lieut. He 


L. Charo, of a davyhter 
‘Vets 7th, Ln London, the Lady of Lieutenant- 










1D. Notis HAN, to Sarah Tlzabeth, eldest daugh- 
‘ter of Thomas eld, Kage 
Landon, Captain John Patton, of the 3th 


Pa ated Pte ote 
ito itlay ner 
emo 

Feb. 19th, At Stoke Dameret, wear Plymouth, 
Licutenant Filwand, 


jodally JN. youngest v0 


‘near ritol, to Loubm, youngest daughter of the 
Inte Lientenant- Colonel Du Yerwet, of the Royal 
‘nail 


TWh ihe Capt’ Sohn Bjhes Kwon) of 
Raya eae a hot, eet dpe ot 

Commander Rumell Eillott, RN. to Bethla, 
‘eldovt daughter of De. W, Rawal. 

‘Lieatonant Hrownlow Knox, of the ad Guards, 


te I eed 


_ A Tichborne House, Hants, Lieutenant Colonel 
io Fela Si. dinghost 
re 





Wed. $7th, AL Hathwick Church Rie Sohn 
Phillimore, Ke. Captain KN, ni CW, ta the 
Baroness Katherine Harviet de Ralgwrateld. » 

Fob. 18th. My’ special Teams at Th, Colo 
nel Augustus Andrews, G.th, of the Mon, Kast 
nin Cosmpany's Servioey 10 Maria, danghter of 
tho late Charles Conolly, Esq. of Midford Candle, 
Somervety amd of Laura Pca, Halts 

At Holla Park, Bases Colonel William Corn- 
‘wallis Kiaince, CB. 16 Femi, aeooue sauhter 
‘of Adeuicot Sir Ty avd Lady Javon Harvey. 


DRATHS, 


Aug. 141h, 1890. Cot, K Nothall, KT. Coun 
pany’r Berviee, 








‘Murch oth, 
any’ 
Knox, B, . Company's Service, 
‘May 4, 1520, abt, I I. Company's 


bth. On Doard He Krince Megent 
wuae te Ragan, Bi Ty Money Base kt 


"Aue Voth, R90.” At Telly, Medea) Taylor, 





4th Poot, 
wasoun 
Spotiirwoode, B. be "a Serviow, 
Hane Mod,” Tu Landon, I Oty Caos be 
vue, 


earrasnn, 
Pond, late Ist Royal Vetoran Battalion, 
Nov, 1th, Wt, Stewart, fy. py Olst Poot. 
ys Hath. At Torquay, Devon, Lucas, late wh 
Reyal Veteran. Battalion 
20th. At Brandon, Susfolk, Kenyon, bp: 
Bh Poot, formerly 20 Lite Guarda, 
‘Wall, by ps ath 
LrAwrHNarte 
Fan. 1028 Milignsy bs py vrai. late Rite 
Wigute. 
Sept. 27th, 1826, Mebeux, Roya Marines, 
Nov. 6th, i840, At Jama, My, Wht Foote 
Nov. ad, At Malta, Bull, 68 Foot, 
Hi. Th, Gaacolgna, hy p- Hayal Martoen, 
SECOND LARUTENANTS ANO ENALOMK 
May's, 6h, Ax re Cape of Oecd 
Athy 18RD, the i" 
siustly, wes Cope Rogaas fre 
Tene Wi Reh, he Roya Maries, 
July 204. Dewatoy, thyal Marinee 
Kept Oth. Prythereh, he yr. Royal Marinos 
Sept. sock. Cornish, hy ps Royal Marines, 


Ont, Hoth, 
r M*TMireneh, 
Tate 8th Royal Vaieran Battalions 
Jan. Ave, WHT. AC Beenling, Adjwtant Rane, 
by Be B18 Dragootin, 
‘QUAKTERMAYTINS: 
Jas, 21. Benes, lh. ps Moxburg, Pouctbley, 











. 





HED ne iugnnirtri reer 
it jbl ante Bh lh ie ul Ha Baath 
fee Huet 1 i HR i lie alee 
Ht ly oe 4 
Iai Hi iat DB ee 

i ini Hi oaiaits HE Ag HUME BH Ee BE aug dis 
& 3 iii! ign ine Hl leu yt, iy 
Lil i He iit ili rate (uy: pele i ii He 

ih ie i: Hates Bi Hig ih ine wiliid in a 
pi bPeriey nua pine HERE if Weiss 
alii yd Mae edule iets has salt 

4 320.5 %3gia3 aie cj a 355 HE 3s 
oe HER si Gili ein eh il aD 





Bungalore, amt n the great butte of Be- 
‘employed, under 


Pinevolly District, againxt the Shevewary” and 
“Chocompelly Polya; and in 1703 at the sexe 
‘Con. Beaithwalte. Ja 


z 
5 
) 
3 
i 


In the anonth of Ceiober of the mune 
year he sanbarted at Matoiserum, woder the ecm- 
‘mapa of Colonel Dougal Caropbell, to attack Mew 
‘unr, atid yabdue the western parts of the Island of 
‘Ceylon g ak in the yaoath of Noveanbor he etn. 
arket at Menar, with three companies, for the 
‘rotuction of Calpentine aval Polclang, In 1200 
‘bo was engaged, under Major Peake, in the re- 
‘tla Casspapee poe! Bato, a 

to {0 Battieoloa, 
{ake the command ofthe Fort and itedependencles, 
to 





i 
if 
fs 
if 
i 
ie 


if 
i 






Andon’ with grain, which Ine «aon 
‘camp. On the 2H of Nov. 1603, 
<Arpano wis fought a wich bem 
wie 


tit 
he 


vont the env of Deeember of the 


i 
4 
Fe 








comisting oF 100 picked mem from wach « 
the carps with a froprton of Rarogea aces, 
te conariand of which was comnaltted pedtally 
‘Ww him, thom uly » Captains A€ rarehed day? arnt 
‘ulght, the preater part withont tenis, in parsit af 
4 large bualy of Phmaree burse, winled It surpre 
464, taking thele guna and atl thoir pander. Thin 
‘ecrminated his military exveer, after 88 years ner~ 
‘Vices 10 of which were In thi field. In 1405 be 
rerned, iw eamsequnnoe AN heath 66 We a 
‘hers lis ashes aow lie entombed 

ong Wine of ancestry 

Limerick, Lent. Henry Keane, 
‘the 10 Foot, ; 
oth. In Limarlcl, John Campbell, Bag. 
nie Captntn in the Mash Regiment, 

Jun, doth. At Stonchoure, afier an illness, of 
sine days; Communder John Davies (1796), 

Pepe Th enylignts 

AK Barnstaple: 5, Ba aged 3, 
ot 302 Heinen, Morin ne Ite Maya 
Yererans, aud Brevet Lieotenant Colonel In the 








“V5.0; Ae Novth held, age 90 years, 
1, N. Msng au ot Cry ay Gai 
Yah. 1athe “Ar Calverton, Gen, Bir 3. Coape 


‘Ped, 20th, AC Rolls Parl i 
sexo tad yet gy, Ata SE 
Harvey, G.0.B. MAP. for Ue County of Essex 





io 392-5 


METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, 
REPT AT THD OUSERYATORY O¥ CAPT. W. 1 SMYTH, AT DEDFORD. ~ 


Nag W, darksiky. 
Wight ena ea 


|N.We var. airs, monoton. sky.) 
NNW. frosh br. sky clearing! 
N.W. ight airs, pale sunsh. 
W.S.W. frooh breou, | 
N.N.W. 0 gale, flying clouds, 





AU Mt 





aime | Baroo. “hermes 
indo “Tegres:  PSne 


(3020) 919 | 88 
31-8 )30-20 | 918 | a6 
30-9 | 9014 | 357 | 860 
873 
863 
860 









393 | 9005 950 
376 | 846 |an-00 | 37-2 

37-8 | 33-7 20.96 349 

362 | a1 [2998] 3668 | 849 
an-7 | 34-4 [2007 | 367 | 857 'W.N.W, light broeae. 
97-2 | 38-0 |29°04 944 | 855 W. light airs, fue sun rise, ol 
360 | 34 |29-70/ 35-0 | 835 | .... | frozen |N. fresh bresse, ome slate 
96:9 | 99° | 29-82 | 96-2. IN.E. gale, some snow fell. 
367 | 33-6 |2087| 30-9 'N. by E.squaily, soft snow. 
96-3. | 92-0. | 30:90 | 93-2 squally, more snow. | 
‘ara | 30-2 [20-97 | 31 Aight airs, no sums 
92-9] 30-6 | 29:90) 927 | 69} “112 |NuE:. freah breeze, pits thaw. 
a4 | a2 |2996 | 3400 | 869] +057] E,N.E. light ais, par. thaw. 
89-2 |263 |29:97| 910 | a62 | freaen NIN.E. variable broean, front 
'N,by B. light airs, sunshine. 
+» variable airs, sunshine, 























to NF. variable, sleet, 
INR. Hight ois, brown skys 
We very light alrs, slow thaw 

















36-2 | 34-0 |20-64| 35-0 | 875 | -11T| “200 SW. variable airs, atill 





SSSSSSRSERES SSS SRS SEE Se owen euwe 
s 
3 
= 
3 
s 
B 





OF ORES COST WRES VOT wWRaS VOT eH GOTT 














303 


PBRSONAL NARRATIVE OF CAPT. GLASSPOOLR, OF THK 
HON. COMPANY'S SHIP MARQUIS OF BLY, 


AMCATING THE CAPTIVITY OF THAT OFVICKH AMONGST THE SADRONES OF 
<THE CHINESE SEA, AND DYSCKIBING THE HAUNTS AND TATIS OY THOSE 
WARLIKE PINATES. 


Os the 17th of ber, 1819, the Hon, Company's ship Marquis 
of Ely, on fos tea island of Samchowe, on ot cout of 
Chins, about twelve English miles from Mucoa, where I was ordered 
to in one of the cutters to procure @ pilot, and also to land the 
purser with the packets. I left the ship at five p.xt. with seven men 
under a commund, well armed—it blew a fresh gale from the north- 
east. We arrived at Macoa at 9 r.m. when I delivered the packet to 
‘Mr. Roberts, und sent the men with the boat's sails to sleep under the 
Company's factory, leaving the bout in charge of one of the Compra- 
dor's* men. During the night, the gale increased ; at half-past three 
in the morning I went to the beach, and found the boat on shore half 
filled with water, in consequence of the man haying left her, I called 
the people to bale her out, found she was considerably ed, and 
very leaky. At half-past 5 a.m. the ebb-tide making, we Macon 
with vegetables for the ship. One of the Comprador’s men, who spoke 
went with us, for the purpose of piloting the ship to Lintin, 
consequence of a late disturbance at Macoa, 
+ for the regular pilots, I had every reason to 
in the roads, as ae was preparing to get under weigh 
we left her; but on rounding Cabaretta Point, we saw her five 
six miles to leeward, standing on the starboard tack ; it was then 
ting fresh gale north-east. Bore up, and stood towards her; 
when 
our 











it a cable's length to windward of her, she tacked, we hauled 
wind, and stood after her. A hurd squall then coming on, with 
at tide against us, we drifted fast to leeward, and weather 
pa ‘we soon lost aight of the ship, struck our masts and endea 
youred to pull. Finding our efforts useless, vet a reefed fore-sail and 
‘mizen, stood towards a country ship at anchor, under the land, 
to of Cabaretta Point. When within a quarter of & mile of 
her, she weighed und made sail, leaving us in a very critical situation, 
having no anchor, and drifting bodily an the rocks to leeward ; struck 
the masts; and, after four or five hours of hard pulling, succeeded in 
clearing them. At this time not a ship was in sight; but on the 
weather clearing up, we siw a ship to leeward, hull down ; shipped our 
Tuaitatand inal sail towards her; she proved to be the Hon. Com- 
Heys thip Glatton. We made signals to her with our handkerchiefs. 
u 


rain and « heavy sea, our boat very leaky, without a compass, anchor, 
or provisions, and drifting fast on a lee shore, surrounded ee dan- 


r ‘most barbarous pirates. 
roofed my sails, and kept tack and tack till daylight, when we were 


* The ahip’s husband. + Pormits. 
U.S. Jounn, No, 16, Arnit, 1890. 2p 








394 YERSONAL NARRATIVE OF CAPT, GLASSPOOLE. 


ra 


it 
and 


Tad lashed togetlce for te inding the boat made no 
egy enttin Vere p for a bat kewirl tale? 
Shel atone aa ie under the and in five ar wx ann water, 


“On tke oun tt d ight, supposing the flood-tide making, weighed 
~ On the 20th, at daylight, su) ing the * 
and stood over to the parler Rone se found we were drifting fast 
to leeward. About ten o'clock, perceived two Chinese boats stecring 
for us. Bore up and stood towards them, and made signals to induce 
them to come within hail; on nearing them, they bore sp aod 
to leeward of the islands. The Chinese we had in the 
me to follow them, and he would take us to Macon by a leeward 
pussage. I expressed my fears of being taken by the » Our 
‘nmunition being wet, and the muskets rendered useless, we had 
nothing to defend our ourselves with but cutlasses, and were in too ex= 
eath a state £2 make eet raisin? with them, Mais sere 
stantly wet, and eat nothing but 9 few green for three 
Reger present situation was a hopeless one, and ee san ae 
there was ny danger of epevunterig the Ladgonen I complied with his 
request, and stood in under the lee of the islands, were we found the 
water much smoother, and apparently a direct passage to Macon. We 
continued pulling and sailing all day. A six o'clock in the evening, I 
digcovered three |: boats, and anchored in a bay to leeward. 
secing us, they weighed and made suil towards us. ‘The Chinese said 
they were Ladrones, and that if they euptured us, they would most 
certainly put us all to death! Finding they gained fast on us, struck 
the masts and pulled head to wind for five or six hours. The tide 
turning against us, anchored close under the land to avoid buing seen ; 
soon after we saw them pass to leeward. 

At daylight the following morning, the flood making, weighed and 





yal along shore in great spirits, expecting to be at Macon in three or 
hours, as, ta ‘Chinese account, it was not above six or seven 
miles distant ; after pulling a mile or two, we perceived several 


on shore, standing close to the beach, they were armed with sis aa 
Iances. I ordered the interpreter to hail them, and ask the most direct 
a to Macos. They said if we came on shore they would inform 
us; not liking their hostile sppearance, I did not think to com= 
ply with their request. Saw a large fleet of boots at anchor close 
under the opposite shore. Oar interpreter said they were fiabi 
boats, and that by going there we should not only get provisions, but a 
pilet also to take us to Macoa, I bore up, und ’on nearing them pere 
ceived there were some large vessels, fall of men, and mount. 
ing several guns, 1 hesitated to oj neirer; but the Chinese 
‘assuring me were Mandarine junks and salt-bouts, we stood close 


PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF CAPT, GLASSPOOLE. 395 


to one of them, and asked the way to Macoa; they gave no answer, 
‘but. made signs for us to go in shore. We passed on, and a lunge row- 
boat pulled after ns; she soon came alongside, when about. twenty 
savage-looking fellows, who were stowed ut the bottom of the boat, 
on board us, They were armod with a short sword in each 
hand, one of which they laid on our necks, and the other pointed to 
eee heat Sek oes fixed on their officer, waiting his signal 
to cut or desist. ing we were incapable of making any resistance, 
‘he sheathed his sword, and the others immediately his exam- 
ple. They then di 1d. us into their boat, and carried us on board 
one of their junks, with the most say ata ae oF joy, and, as 
a 


we 
they searched all our pockets, took the handkerchiefs, und brought. ay 
t 


me and one of my men and the int ter on board the chief's vessel, 
Twas then taken before the chief. He was seated on deck in a lar, 

» dressed in purple, with a black turban on. He appeared to 
about thirty years of age, u stout commanding-looking mon. He took 
‘me by the coat and drew me close to him, then questioned the inter~ 

strictly, asking who we were, and what business we had in 
part of the country. 1 told him to say we were Englishmen in 
distress, having been four days at sea without provisions. This he 
would not credit, but suid we were bad meo, and that he would put us 
all to deuth; and then ordered some men to torture the (atdeca 
until he confessed the truth. A Ladrone, who had once been in Page 
ke a few words of English, came to the chief, and 
‘him we were really Englishmen, and that we had sgetl ‘of money, 
Iding that the buttons on our coats were gold, The chief then or- ” 
hae some fangs Sree ns which we ina a tol 

rig, ent not! nearly four days, except a few green oranges. 

our oe aumbem of Ladchies crowded tus, examin 

ing our clothes and hair, and giving us every possible annoyance. 
Several of them yt swords and laid them on our necks, making 
Sie they woul see zie sie ieee a0 ti ea Bice 
am sorry to say was the @ of hundrs luring my capti- 

Iwas now seen before the chief, who had been cave 
th the interpreter: be sad I must write to my captain, and tell 


‘ 


rl 
a 
E 
g 
3 
Ey 
z 
: 
5 


days, he would put us all to death. In yain did I assure bim it 
, unless he would to take a much smaller 
all poor men, the most we evuld possibly 


ding that he was 

exasperated nt my expostulation, 1 embraced the offur of writi; 

my commander, to inform him of our unfortunate situation, th 

not the least probability of relieving us. Me 
be conveyed to Macon ina fishing-boat, which would 
am answer in the morning. A small beat accordingly came along- 
side, and took the letter. About six o'clock in the evening, they gave 
‘us some rice and a little salt fish, which we ate, and they made se 
for us to liedown on the deck to sleep ; but such numbers of Ladrones 
‘were constantly coming from different vessols to see us, and examine 
‘our clothes and alr, thay would not allow usa moment's quiet. They 


—— «= 


eEEEEE 
iH 
H 
: 
L 
F 


Hat 


396 PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF CAPT. GLASSPOOLE, 

wits persloalarly enzioas for Yee butions of ues mleslwtraiten 
and, as they supposed, T took it off, and laid it on the deck, tw 
avoid being disturbed by them ; it was taken away in the night, and I 
saw it the next ae stripped of its buttons. About nine o'clock, a boat 
came and hailed the chief's vessel. He immediately hoisted his maine 
sail, and the fleet weighed, eae in great confusion. ‘They work- 
ed to windward all night and part of the next day, und anchored about 
‘one o'clock in a bay under the island of Lanton, where the head admi< 
= of a ge lyii 5, = vege Ry ie: we peepee ee 

8 Portuguese brig w! 1e" captured a few days before, an¢ 
murdered. Checaptaln ‘and part of the crew. 

Early in the morning on the 23d, a fishing-boat came to the fleet, 
‘to inquire if they had captured an European boat; being answered in 
the alfirmative, they came to the vessel I was in: one of them ree 
‘a fow words of English, and told me he had been sent by Capt. 
in search of us. I was rather surprised to find he had no letters. ie 
appeared to be well acquainted with the Chief, and remained in his 
‘atte icktng: splint aad playing. cards all day’ Tui (naceveaaee 
‘wag summ with the interpreter before the Chief. He questioned 
us in a much milder tone, saying be now believed we were English= 
men, & ile he wished to be friendly with, and that if our it 
‘Waller int (eevexty tNonmad,dollera) Gil be returned Seam 
cruise up the river, he would repay him, and send us ull to Mucoa. 
Tassured him it was useless writing on those terms, and unless our 
‘ransom was ee? settled, the English fleet would sail, and render 
our enlargement altogether ineffectual. He remained determined, 
and said if it were not sent, he would keep us and make us fight, 
or pat us to death. I accordingly wrote, and gave my letter w the 
man belonging to the bont before-mentioned. He said he could not 
yoturn with an answer in less than five days. The Chief now gave me 
the letter I wrote when first taken; I have never been able to ascer- 
tuin his reason for detaining it, but suppose he dare not negotiate for 
our ransom without orders from the head Admiral, who, I understood, 
‘was sorry at our being captured. He said the English ships would 
join the Mandarines and attack them. He told the Chief that cap- 
tured us, to diapose of us as he pleased. A 

‘On the 24th, it blew a bard gale with constant rain; we suffered. 
much from the cold and wet, being obliged to remain on deck without 
any covering, except an old mat, which was frequently taken from us 
in the night by the Ladrones, who were on watel. During this night, 
the Portu who were left in the captured brig murdered the 
Lailrones that were on board her, eut the cables, and. fortunate 
escaped through the darkness of the night; I have since been it 
they run her on shore ut Macoa. 

t daylight in the morning of the 25th, the fleet, amounting to 
about five hundred sail of different sizes, weighed, to proceed on 
intended cruise up the river, to levy contributions on the towns and 
villages. It is impossible to describe what were my feelings at this 
critical time, haying received no answer to my letter, and the fleet un= 
der woigh to sail hundreds of miles up a country never visited 
Europeans, there to remain probably os many months, whieh a 
render all opportunities for negotinting an enlargement totally i 





PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF CAPY. GLASSPOOLE, 397 


tual, ius the only: method of communication’is by boats, that have a pass 
from the Ladrone Islands, aud they dare not venture above twenty miles 
from Macoa, being obliged to come and go in the night to avoid the 
Mandarines ; and if these hoats should be detected in having any in- 
torcourse with the Ladrones, they are immediately put to death, and 
all their relations, though they had not joined in ‘he crime, in order 
that not a single person of their families should be left to imitate their 
or revenge their death, This severity renders communication 
both dangerous and expensive ; no boat would venture out for leas than 
an hundred Spanish dollars. 
On the 26th, at daylight, we passed in sight of one ehip at anchor 
under the Island of Chunto: the Chief then called me, pointed to the 
ships, and told the interpreter to tell mé to look at them, for we 
should never see them again, About noon we entered a river to the 
‘west of Bugne, three or four miles from the entrance. We al 
‘town, situated on the side of a beautiful hill, which is tributary to the 
Ladrones ; the inhabitants saluted them wit igs as they: 
‘The fleet was now divided into two moat (the red and the 
and sailed up different branches of the river. At midnight, the divi- 
Carpet ‘were in anchored close to an immense hill, on which a number 
of fires were burning, which at daylight I ived led from a 
Chinese camp. ‘At the back of the bill Lesipadeel ot ri town, 
surrounded by water, and embellished with groves of orange trees, 
‘The Chop-house (Custom-house) and a few cottages, were im) 
plundered and burnt down ; most of the inbabitunts, however, 
to one The Ladrones now prepared to attack the town with 
a formic force, collected in row-boats from the different vessels. 
‘They sent a to the town, demanding a tribute of ten thou- 
a dollars annually, saying, if these terms were not complied with 
Fy would lanit, und escrop tha town’ with all tie inbelatantn which 
would certainly have done, hnd the town laid in & more ‘advan 
situation for their purpose ; but being placed out of the reach of 
their shot, they allowed them to come to terms, The inhabitants 
seed to pay them six thousand dollars, which they were to collect 
‘time of our return down the river. This finesse had the desi 
effect ; for during our absence they mounted a few guns on. hill which 
commanded the passage, and gave us, in lieu of the dollars, a warm 
salute on our return. ‘ 
© Octelst—The fleet weighed in the night, dropped by the tide up 
‘the river, and anchored very quietly before a town surrounded by a 
thick wood, Early in the morning, the Ladrones assembled in row- 
‘bouts nnd landed, then gave a shout, and rushed into the town, sword 
in hand. | ‘Phe inhabitants fied to the adjacent hills, in number 
rently superior to the Ladrones. We may easily imagine to ourselves 
the! horror with which these miserable peels were |, on 
obliged to leave their homes und every thing deur to them. It was # 
‘most melancholy sight to see women in tears, ig their infants in 
their arms, and imploring mercy for them from their brutal robbers ! 
The old and the ack, who were unable to tly, or to make resistance, 
were Cie epee gr og peg arm pln 
continued passing and repassi the junks to shore qt 
Taden with 'beotys and the men besmeared with Uloods 250 women 


398 BEREUREE NARRATIVE OF CAPT. GLASSPOOLE. 


and several) chtlévon Wweie ‘mae prisoners, and sent on board different 
‘vessels. ‘They were unable to exc meet aruba em 
minable pructice of cramping their foot ; several of them were not able 

So move wrishout emigncece sir Sack, toy iiighi dll ibe eald, to Aotter, 

rather than walk. Twenty of these ‘women were sent on_boar¢ 
the vessel I was in; they were I ‘on board by the hair of their 
hoads, and treated in the most savage manner. the Chief came 
icc Gioesiid Geoern enotng the circumstances of 


A 
a 
ne 
aly 
8 
tT 
= 
A 
tht 


Ueki, where they had othing to sbeler ver the weather, 
at thia thme was very variable ; the days excessively hot, and. 
cold, with heavy rain, ‘The town being plundered of every 
able, it was set on firo, and reduced to ashes by cee! 
The fleet remained here three days, ae for th ransom 
prisoners, and plundering the fish-tanks and 
‘me the Chinese never pventured from the hi there 
quently not more than an hundred Saar shore at a ti 
eee Era heh pricontel up-tus sive anening boreal ie 
et. Sth—The up the river, stopp at f 
lags to reece tute which wa generally fa dollaes, ith 


rice, and a sted 
oi yi raon, on being ransomed, 
ott cist wan ae ie fowls, which the priest 
th prayers; it remains his for 0 fowr hota; andl Rte 
Ghided amongst the crew. Nothing particular occurred till the 10th, 
except u few skirmishes on shore between the Ladrones and the Chi- 
nese soldiers, They frequently obliged my men to goon shore, and 
See wit with the muskets they had taken, which did neecateatsiat the 
erken eye GH and arrows; they have matehlocks, 

Gee cat 


RUB TUS feted cacGeseaishihe Wake myaaieests ree 
aan many miles up a wide and beautiful river, passing several ruins 
of “on fle ‘that had been destroyed by the black squadron. 

7th, tho fleot onchored dbreast four amy batteries, which 
town Lycee pet ter lag tassy as Nesey 
Site to form an en of hs se ‘The weather was very be hael ige 
hard squalls of rain. The Ladrones remained epee Sars for pk) 
days. “On the third day, the forts commenced a brisk 
hours; the Ladrones did not return a single shot, but igh — 
and dropped down the river, The reason, eres rebar 
alee town or returning the fixe was, that Joss 

are very superstitious, and consult Ie dee Pea on al 

Sram’ Tf-his omens are good, they will undertuke the mast tee, 
‘enterprises. The fleet now opposite the ruing of the town 
where the women had boen made prisoners, Here we remained for 
‘about five or six days, during which time about an hundred of them 
were ransomed, the remainder of them were offered for sale ae 
‘the Ladrones for forty dollars each. The woman is considered 


Hu 
A 


tet 
ie 
it 


a 
i 








PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF CAPT. GLASSVOOLE. 399 


pee es ed, and made sail down the river to receive the ransom for 

fore mentioned, As we passed the hill, fired several 

fee at us, but without effect. The Ladrones were much exasperated, 

and determined tu rev themselves; they dropped out of reach of 

oe shot, and anchor neat junk sent about an peasileed eG 

-on shore to cut -, and destroy their orange i) Which was, 

mast i etlectaally eee for several miles down thomriver: During 
y here we received information of nine bouts lying up a 

casi vith paddy ;* boats were immediately dispatebed after them. 

Next Se ite em aa brought to the fleet, and ten or twelve 

men who were taken in them having made no resistance, the chief said 

ie wont allow them to Sematancial if they to tuke the usunl 

before Joss, ‘Two or three of them refused, for which were 

din the following manner ;—their hands were tied bebin their 

; @ ope from the mast head drove through their arms, and hoisted 

three or four feet from the deck, and five or six men flogged them 






then 
died ar complicd with the oath. 
20th. the ie an express-bout came 
tion that w lange Mundaring Beet wax ap up the river to 
attack us. The chief immediately weighed, of the largest 


‘boats, ar soiled. down ae Ese! us ail ‘en, A i one in the 
commenced a heavy fige ti light, when an 
pe for the remainder of the them ; Riordan hate 
SAE ction ier castes he iadates acthactneee 
‘Two or three hours afterwards the ebief returned with three 
vessels in tow, having sunk two, and eighty-throe sail made their 
escape. Tho Admiral of the Mandarine thew his vessel ort by throw. 
dng o match lighted into: oe ——- as the Ladrones 
‘her, she ran on shore, and they succeeded in fetings Seusel of her 
In this action very et prisoners were ti men belong~ 
= —— vessels drowned themselves, a8 they weweaareet 
deaths if takon after having made resistaneo. Tho 
‘Aaki ee the lot in eharge of his brother, the uccond in command, 
and proceeded with bis own vessel towards Lanton. The fleet re- 
mained in the suk — ig paddy and eof Cir =e 
‘On the 28th of nit encaived a letter from Cay es 2 
by'iran wo tale nl it usvall) 
sand dollars. He advised me to offer these three thousand, if not ac- 
eptedy to extend St to four, but not farther, ms it wan bad ipelsy to 
ol pee wees See e we should be libera~ 
lot nee ransom be what it would. TF offered. the ehief the three 
which he disdainfully refused, saying, he was not to be played 
aud unles they vont thousand dollar, with two large guns, and 
oe pa Tikal ie would soon pat us to death. I wrote 
to. - Kay, und informed him of the chief's determination, request~ 
if ity Draidaadic neo phe eee 
irmay be uly fang ied we were mnueb distressed, having been seve~ 












Growing Fico, of rice bofore shelled. 


400 PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF CAPT, GLASSPOOLK. 


ral weeks without a chinge, although constantly exposed to the wea- 
ther, and of course frequently wet, = 
‘On the Ist of Nov. the fleet sailed up a narrow river, and anchored 
at night within two miles of a little town, called Whampoa: In front 
‘of it was a small fort, ond several Mandarine vessels tog. in the har 
dour. The chief sent the interpreter to me, saying 1 must order my 
men to make cartridges and clean their muskets, ready to go on shore 
in the morning. I assured the interpreter I should give no sueh ore 
dearajsartomteg oo pat mg we nereal eae pete eg 
board, ¢1 ing to put us all toa if we to 
his‘orders. For my fs }, L rernained determined, and advised the 





ual 

again, saying, that if myself and the quarter-master would nssist them 
at the clea foe the rar of the men went on shore, and 
wu led in taking the place, he would then take the money offered 
for our ransom, gre them twelve dollars for every Chinaman's 
head they cut off. To these p is we Sree 
of facilitating our deliverance. Early in the morning, the forces 
tended for landing were assembled in row-boats, amounting on the 
whole to three or four thousand men. The ‘vessels 
and hauled on shore, to cover the landing of the forces, and al 
‘the fort and Maondarine vessels. About nine o'clock the action com- 
menced, and continued with great spirit for nearly an hour, when the 
awalls of the fort gave way, and the men retreated in great confusion. 
‘The Mandarine veusels still continued firing, having blocked up the 
entrance of the harbour, to prevent the Ladrone bouts from e1 
At this the Ladrones were much exasperated, aad about three 
of them swam on shore, with a sbort sword lashed clese under each 
arm; they then ran along the banks of the river till they came abreast: 
of the vessels, and then swom off again and boarded them. The Chi- 
nese thus attacked leaped overboard, and endeavoured to reach the op~ 
posite shore; the Ladrones followed, and cut the greatest part of them 
to pieces in the water. They next towed the vessels out of harbour 5 
and nttacked the town with increased fury. The inhabitants 
-abont a quarter of an hour, and then retreated to an adjacent hill, from 
which they were soon driven with great slaughter. After this the La- 
drones returned and plundered the town, every boat leaving it when 
laden. The Chinese on the hills, ‘iving most of the boats were off, 
rallied and retook the town, after killing near two hundred Ladrones ; 
one of my men was lem in this dreadful massacre. The 
-Ladrones landed a second time, drove the Chinese out of the town, and 
then reduced it to ashes, and put all the prisoners to death, without 
regarding age or sex, 1 must not omit to mention a most horrid 
fdisstagh tari) etcomatantes whe append at this place. “The 
Ladrones were paid by their Chief ten dollars for every Chinaman’s 
head they produced ; one of my men turning the corner of « street, 
was met by a Ladrone running furiously after a Chinese; he had a 
drawn sword in his hand, and two Chinamen’s heads, which he had 
cut off, tied by their tails, and slung round his neck. I was witness 
myself to some of them producing five or six to obtain payment. — 

‘On the 4th of Noy. an order arrived from the Admiral, for the fleet 


PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF CAPT. GLASSPOOLE, 401 


40 up the river immediately to Lanton, where he was lying, 
with only two vessels, and three i 
stuntly ee him ; several sail 
expected, The fleet weighed and proceeded towards Lanton. On 
passing the Island of Lintin, three ships and a brig guve chuse to-us ; 
sthe Ladrones prepared to board, hat night closing, we lost sight of 
them. Iam convinced they altered their course and stood from us ; 
these vessels were in the pay of the Chinese Government, and styled 
themselves the Invineible Squadron cruising in the river Tigris to 
annihilate the Ladrones. 

_ On the Sth, in the morning, the red —— anchored in a bay under 

qv 





to be English vessels come to rescue us; some of them threatened to 
hang us to the mast-head for them to fire at, and with much difficulty 
wo persunded thom thot they were Portuguese ships. | The Ladronse 
had only seven junks in a fit state for action; these they hauled out- 
side, and moored them head and stern across the bay, and manned all 
the boats belonging to the repairing vessels reudy for boarding. ‘The 

observing these manceuvres, hove to, and communicated by 
bonts ; soon afterwards they made sail, each ship firing her broadsi 
as she but without effect, the shot falling far short, The La- 
drones did not return a single shot, but bared their colours, and threw 
up to induce them to come further in, which they might easily 
have done, the ontside junks lying in four fathom water. 
.. On the 20th, early ih the morning, discovered an immense fleet of 
“Mandarine vessels standing in for the bay. On nearing us, they form- 
‘ed a line and stood close in; each vessel, as she discharged her guns, 
tacked to join the rear and re-load; they kept up a constant fire for 
about ear when one of their largest: vessels was blown up by a 
thrown from a Ladrone junk ; ufter which they kept at a 

more respectful distance, but continued firing, without intermission, till 
the 2st at night, when it fell calm. The towed out seven 
large vessels, with about two hundred row-boats to board them, but the 
wind springing up, they made sail and escaped. ‘The Ladrones ret 
dato the bay and anchored. The Portuguese and Mandarines followed, 
and continued heavy cannonading during that night and the next day. 
The vessel I was in had her face siesta away, which supplied 
were by taking a mainmast from another 

. 23d, in the evening, it again fell calm. The Ladrones towed 
out fifteen junks in two divisions, with the intention of eer 
thom, which was ay, effected, having come up with, and board 
‘one, when a brecac suddenly sprang up. ‘The captured vessel mount- 
ed twenty-two guns, moat of the crew leaped overboard; sixty or 
seventy were taken prisoners, immediately cut to pieces, and thrown 
into the river. in the morning, Ladrones returned into 

and, in the same situation na before, The Port 


followed, retire pa Neen nr The 
never roturned a single shot, but always kept in readiness to bourd ; 
the Portuguese were careful never to allow them an oppertunity 





402 PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF CAPT, GLASSPOOLE. 


On the 28th at night, sent in fire-vessels, which if 
thoobeeltekyieten ee ryemerie ving ever aan 

they could wish iifictoaties theirs: astrong breeze and 

tide diroctly into the an the wesels Tying wo clase together hati 

was miss the Ladrones 


Saddeserped ct leat eetiend of Serle ‘aia eed 


po mea rama yeep out, bidding defiance to the invincible squa~ 
imperial fleet, Geers of ninety-three war junks, six 
" rn = sles ho Ladronen wel 


toguese shij brig, 
freee empty the Ladrones chased thas trotor, three: hours, 
wconstant fire. Finding they did not come up with 
the ‘hele wind and stood 4 the eastward. Thus 
the const blockade, which lasted nine days, during which time the 
Lattoncs completed all their.acpairs,, dn tkivnctias nota single Kat 
veasel was destroyed, coil tine ie about thirty or forty mem, 
An American was also killed, one of the three that remained taken in 
aschooner. I had two very narrow escapes; the first a twelve-pounder 
shot fell within three or four feet of me, another took a piece ont of a 
small brass swivel on which I was standing, ‘The chief's wife fre- 
quent! sprinkled me with. oe water, which they cousider an effec- 
aaa inst shot. fleet continued under sail all night, 
pom to the eastward. -Ia the morning, they anchored in a large 
}, surrounded by lofty and barren mountains, 
the 2d. of December, 1 received a 
Commander of the Honourable Compan ip 
he had our ransom on board, and had been three days crui 
ae wished me to settle with the chief on the securest method of deli 
it The chiof agreed to send ug in asmall gun-hoat till we soe 
it of the Antelope, then the Comprador’s boat was to bring the 
saileesiselvbotiniruteril ba ei hy fete aiicaceay ay ths jog napa 
coral considerable difliculty I could scrawl two or three lines 
Lieut. M: m of the arrangements Thad made. We were 
dep affected by brithegn eg tidings, that we seldom closed 
pot rare ut Aer eae ey ay und for the bout, 
she returned with Lieu! 





SONG. 403 


Antelope, under all sail, standing towards us. The Ladrone boat im- 
mediately anchored, and dispatched the Comprador’s boat for our ran- 
som, saying, that if she approached nearer they would return to the 
fleet ; and they were just weighing, when she shortened sail and an- 
chored about two miles from us. The boat did not reach her till late 
in the afternoon, owing to the tide being strong against her. She re- 
ceived the ransom, and left the Antelope just before dark. A Manda- 
rine boot, that had been lying concealed. under the land, and watchi 
their manceuvres, gave chase to her, and was within a few fathoms cf 
toking her, when she saw a light which the Ladrones answered, and 
the Mandarine hauled off. Our situation was now a most critical one; 
the ransom was in the hands of the Ladrones, and the Comprador’a 
boat dare not return with us for fear of an attack from the Mandarine 
boat. The Ladrones would not remain till morning, 90 we were obliged 
to return with them to the fleet. In the morning the chief inspected 
the ransom, which consisted of the following articles:—two bales of 
superfine scarlet cloth, two chests of opium, two casks of gun-powder, 
and a telescope, the rest in dollars. He objected to the telescope, not 
being new, and said he should detain one of us till another was sent; or 
an hundred dollars in lieu of it. The Comprador, however, agreed 
with him for the hundred dollars. Every thing being at length eet 
tled, the chief ordered two gun-boats to convey us near the Antelope ; 
we saw her just before dark, when the Ladrones’ boat left us. We 
had the inexpressible pleasure of arriving on board the Antelope at se- 
ven pat. where we were most cordially received and heartily congratu- 
lated on our safe and happy deliverance from a miserable captivity, 
which we had endured for eleven weeks and three days. 


SONG. 


BY JOHN BOWRING, ESQ. LL.D. 
(From the First Number of the Peninsular Melodies. ) 


I ruovcur thy loving glance, Mary, 
‘Was but a look of chance, Mary ; 
AA second didst thou try, Mary, 

1 pass'd it silent by, Many 5 

But to thy bolder third, Mary, 

I need must say a word, Mary : 
‘That Love is not so blind, Mary ; 
For had I been inclined, Mary, 

‘A single hint would do, Mary, 

But love ne'er needed two, Mary ! 


‘The playful rill beneath, Mary, 

Feels less the tempest’s breath, Mary, 

‘Than at the touch of love, Mary, 

‘The chords of passion move, Mary ! 

But if indifference throw, Mary, 

Her robes of ice and snow, Mary, 

Not even thy fiery glow, Mary, 
Can.bid love's currents flow, Mary! 

Tis sympathies that bring, Mary, 

The melting smile of spring, Mary ! 


» 40% 


A THE ROGNIAT CONTROVERSY.* ? 
Tr had boon originally our intention to have entered into on exnmi- 
» but the 


deteriorating from 
and value of their opinions, has incl: rete apeartape cd oe 
to an attentive den and study of the original works 


ly detailed, than to offer them to their no~ 
and im) form, or in such 


respectively grounded. There i, 
. lowever, one 
‘theta objections do not xt all apply; ‘ve allude to the 
clusions” drawn by Baron iat, from the system laid down. 
in his * Considérations sur UArt de la Guerre," and to the remarks 
which they elicited from Napoleon, With them we shall terminate 
this article: they merit the most xerious attention and reflection of 
every military man who is devoted to the study of his profession. 
eet a ae NAPOLLON. 
1. hut enlistment ene- 
ally Tnvulient, both aa repaeie 
quantity and the quality of recruits, it 
att necessary to have recourse’ to 
compulsory mensuses, in order to raise 
4 number of troops’ proportionate to 
that maintained by the principal states 





tageous 2. Without admitting any privilege, 


means of maintaining @ or exemption, 
army, and the one which is the Teast 
injurious to the interests of society, is 
to solect annually, by lot, from among 
all the young unmarried ‘men, the re 
cuits thnt may be considered requisite, 





3, The new levies are collected snd 
formed into battalions, or eohorts. The 
strength of each of these small corps is 
deternined by the number of troops in 
line that a cormmander can, by his word 
of command, eause to act and move 





with unity and precision; whence it 
tay be fixed at from six to eight hun- 
dred men. 


4, The multiplicity of these cohorts, 
which nay be considered the elemen- 
tary parts of the amy, and the ground 


3. A battalion ought, when in line, 
to have a front of sixty toises, which 

Ge 800 men present under arms, 
including 80 men for supernui 
drttuaion, ‘band, ploaken: staff, re 
‘caren ; adding 160 men for the diffe- 
rence between the effectives and those 
actually present. This gives a total of 
2 men for the strength of the bat 


ti. 

4, Three or four battalions, that is, 
an effective force of 2,880, or 3,840 
men, (2,400 or 3,200 men present un~ 





* Concluded from page 672, No X11. 


THR ROGNIAT CONTROVERSY. 


RooNrAT, 
which they occupy on the field of bat- 
tle, do not admit of their being every 
‘one posted, ranged, and brought into 
action by the general in chief, who is, 
therefore, obliged to form them into se- 
veral divisions, the command of which 
he entrusts to his lieutenants. 

5. The strength of these divisions, 
which I call legions, is determined by 
the number of cohorts which a general 
officer can easily embrace and follow 
with his eye on a field of battle. I fix 
it at ten cohorts. 

6. In war, two kinds of infantry are 
requisite; the one, to sustain by its 
combined order the onset of the enemy, 
and to frustrate his efforts; the other, 
to examiue him, to harass him in skir- 
mishing, and to pursue him in woody 
countries. The proportion of the first 
to the second will be as three to one. 

7, In wat, two kinds of cavalry ae 

uisite; the one for the of 
completely routing and. aonibilating 
under the weight of its masses troo 
wearied by a long contest, and brought 
into disorder ; the other for the purpose 
of scouring the country, protecting the 
march of the columns, procuring intel- 
ligence of the enemy, lying in ambush 
for him, surprising his convoys, and 
pursuing fugitives on a plain. Th 
will be in nearly equal proportions, an 
form about a sixth part of the army. 

8. For the performance of such dif- 
ferent parts, itis necessary that the 
troops of the line should march and 
fight in combined and compact order, 
and the light troops in dispersed and 
extended order; whence it follows that 
this training and exercise must be as 
dissimilar as their services. 








9. The legion will combine within 
itself, infantry of the line, light infantry, 
and light cavalry, thus uniting lightness 
and velocity wiih solidity. 


10. The cavalry of the line, which 
can only be of essential service when in 
great masses, and at the end of an ac- 
tion, will be collected altogether in re- 
serve. 


405 
NApoLton. 
der arms,) should be commanded by a 
brigadier of the rank of colonel. 


5. A division consists of three bri- 
gades, formed of nine or twelve batt 
lions ; that is, of 8,640 or 11,520 men, 
which makes 7,200 or 9,600 men actu- 
ally present under arms. 


6. There is, and can only be, but 
one kind of infantry, the firelock bein 
the best weapon that has been invented 
by man. 


7. Four kinds are requisite; éclai- 
rreurs, light cavalry, dragoons, and cui- 
assiers. In Flanders or in Germany 
the cavalry ought to be equal toa 
fourth part of the infantry ; in the Pyr. 
enees or the Alps, a twentieth part; in 
Ttaly and in Spain, a sixth part. 








8. Order and tactics are equally ne- 
cessary for infantry, cavalry, and artil- 
ler, for éelnrewrs, chasseurs, dragoons, 
and cuirassiers. The cavalry is even 
in greater need of order and tactics 
than the infantry; it should also be 
able to fight on foot, and be trained in 
the school of the platoon and of the 
battalion. 

9. If you attach a handful of éclai- 
reurs to each division of infantry, their 
number should not exceed a iwenty- 
fifth part of the infantry, and they should 
be mounted on horses of from four feet 
five, to four feet six inches, of which 
the cavalry makes no use. 

10. The cavalry of the line ought to 
be with the advanced guard, with the 
rear guard, upon the wings, and in re- 
serve, to support the light cavalry. It 
‘ought to be employed at the commence- 
ment, in the middle, and at the end of 
a battle, according to circumstances. 


noowiar. 
116 The quantity of astillery ought 
in un inverse proportion to the 
quality of the infantry. With 
rae olay oe aed 
fixed at two for every thousand men, 


42. One part of this artillery will be 
to the legions for the parpose 
‘of opening the contest, and the other 
fart kept reserve. 


the rear, which is frequently a day's 
‘march distant, can arrive to its support, 
becomes Beemsany to divide thems 
into severat columns of rouie. 


14. As cach column of route follows 
a different road, it must have its ad- 
vanced guard and its flankers to pro- 
tect it. “This advanced guard will con- 


sist exclusively of light troops, in order 
that it may aot in any serious 
combat Uetore the arival of the army. 


intelligence from its advanced guant 
Of the approich of the enemy, previr 
age any attack being made wy 

it "This length can therefore. seldom 
extend beyond two or three leagues ; 
aikich,, upon a grent road, will com 


THE ROGNIAT CONTROVERSY. 


NaroLEoN, 
~ 14. We ought to have as much artil- 
ery ag our enemy, and uot less than 
four pieces for every thousand men of 





move yy 
Pepe ‘e 


the right and 
have seen urnies of. 


sanrchiog ina.single colon, tabe 
‘herr ontet of teulo watering 


int should be with 
cavalky, bey poral choice cee 
infantry, and o sul 


ent ity of 
rillery, tendar har St maybe 
to manduvrs, make head against the 


THE ROGNIAT CONTROVERSY. 


Rooxar. 
16. Hence it is evident, that a co- 
lumn of route should consist of several 
legions: I form it of four legions, 
with 60 pieces of artillery, and 3000 
heavy cavalry, and I constitute it a 
gorps Parmée, under the orders of a 
general-in-chief, combining within itself 
all that is requisite for action, since it 
marches and encamps separately. 


17. The different corps Parmée are 
directed by a generalissimo, who makes 
all their efforts conduce to the att 
ment of the same object, and arranges 
their lines of march so that they may 
be enabled to afford mutual assistance. 
‘When the eriemy is in mars, they 
ought not to be at a greater distance 
from one auother than two leagues. 





18. When’ the enemy divides into 
several corps, at too great a distance 
from one another to preserve a mutual 
support, the talents of a generalissimo 
will be displayed in suddenly unit- 
ing his columns, by means of forced 
marches, against one of these corps, 
and annihilating it under the weight of 
superior force. 

19. When ranged in order of battle, 
the infantry should be formed three 
deep, against either infantry or cavalry. 

20. The best fire, especially against. 
cavalry, is the successive firing by 
ranks. 

21. Acomplete order of battleshould 
consist of a first line, for fighting ; of a 
second line, for encouraging and su 
porting the first, relieving it in the 
combat, and favouring its retreat and 
its rallying ; and, lastly, of a reserve, 
for guarding against sudden and un- 
foreseen accidents, supporting the lines, 
protecting their flanks and rear, and 


407 


NAPOLEON. 

16. In the first place, an army re- 
jaited waly oon genecalsnt-cbiet a ow. 
tenant-general for every corps d'armée, 
‘or wing, a maréchal-de-camp for every 
division, and a brigadier-colonel for 
every Jbrigade. Secondly, the compe 
darmée should not be of equal strength 5 
there should be some of four, some of 
three, and some of two divisions. 
Thirdly, when the infantry of an army 
amounts to no more than 60,000 men, 
it is better to have only divisions, and 
Tieutenant-generals to command’ the 
wings and the detachments. 

17. The title of generalissimo, im- 
plies ‘the general command of all the 
troops of a state. 

e distances which the corps d’armée 
should maintain between one another 
on the march, depend on localities, on 
circumstances, and on the object in 
view : either the ground is everywhere 
practicable, or it is only practicable 
upon a certain number of roads ; in the 
former case, there is no necessity for 
marching upon a front of ten or twelve 
leagues; in the latter, we must submit 
to the law of localities. 

Of what use is a maxim which cans 
not be put in practice, and which, if 
put in practice without discernment, 
would often occasion the loss of an 
army? 

18. That depends on the object in 
view, on the nature of the troops, and 
on the localities. 


19. That is the natural order. 


20. The only practicable fire in front 
of the enemy, is the independent firing 
from the right and left of sections. 

21. This is taken from the tactics of 
the Romans, who bad a permanent or- 
der of battle; but, since the invention 
of fire-arms, the mode of occupying a 
position, either for encampment or for 
giving battle, depends on so many 
different circumstances, that it must 
necessarily vary according to those cir 
cumstances. ‘There are even several - 





iva way ; it ebocks 
je first Line rallies, 





ove of taming ity forms ital tn 
lirection 


les ve AES 
25, The order in colamn, isan order 
of march, and not of contest ; but it 
in only to be assumed when the object 


THE ROGNIAT CONTROVERSY. 


(i 
i 


fi 
: 
z 
i 
i 
u 


f 


Zt 
é 
i 


i 
Hl 
Hu 


Af 
Fb: 


32 
é 


2 
iz 


1 i 
2 
& 
g 
£ 
For 
nal bite 


not 
resembles th do 
Sra ienenee 
See 
dred and fity battles of 
captains, 


é 
H 


i 
5 


E 
ru 


25, The order in column is an order 
of contest when circumstances require 
its itis for this reason ‘our tactics 


THE ROGNIAT 


nooxrat. 
ia to fall rapidly upon the enemy, ra- 
ther than to Sgt; or to force a defile, 
when the ground does not admit of 
deployment. 


26. For instance, if we have to attack 
intrenchments, or a village, it would be 
absurd to think of exchanging musket- 
shots with an enemy undercover. We 
must fall quickly upon him, in order 
to ngage him in a more equal con- 
test, with the bayonet; and then, the 
order in column ought to be preferred 
ag the most favourable for its march, 
and the most convenient for penetra 
through narrow defiles, breaches, an 
the streets of a village. 

97. But as a battle cousists of an 
altermate succession of contests and 
marches, it follows that the troops must 
sometimes deploy, for the greater faci- 
lity of fighting ; and at other times take 
up the deep order forthe greater fc 
lity of marching. ‘This successive tran- 
sition from the one order to the other, 
according to local and other circum- 
stance, requires « quick and practised 





28. The primitive order of battle 
ought always to conform and adapt it- 
self to the ground, in such a manner 
that advantage may be taken of the dif 
ferent accidents of the latter, either for 
the attack oF for the defence. 

29. Among the accidents of ground, 
some are favourable and others unfa- 
vourable: the art of positions consists 
in seizing the favourable accidents for 
the purpose of strengthening with them 
our order of battle, and in leaving the 
unfavourable accidents in front and on 
the flanks, in order to weaken the order 
Of battle of the attacking enemy. 

30. We ought to encamp extended 
in order of battle, to avoid. surprises, 
and not agglomerated like the Romans } 
becaua: we cannot securely enclose 
ourselves, as they did, within fortified 
boundaries, 


31. It would often be convenient to 
strengthen our positions and our camps 
with field works, which might be con- 


U.S. Journ. No. 16, Apart, 1830. 


CONTROVERSY. 409 
sah NAPOLEON. 

afford us the means of passing rapidl 
from the extended to the deep ier 


If we are apprehensive of cavalry, we 
must march in columns, at section dis- 
tance, 60 as to be able to form battalion 
squares, by the wheeling up of sections 
to the right and left. 

26. It would appear, then, that the 
order in column is not simply an order 
of march, 





27. It is not because a baitle consists 
of an alternate succession of contests 
and marches, that we must be in co- 
Tumn or in line; it is because the cir- 
cumstances of the attack or of the de- 
fence require us to be either in column 
or in line. 





28. This is bombast; and as far as 
it can be understood, it ii false: it is 
not the circumstances of the ground 
alone that should determine upon the 
order of battle, but a combination of 
all circumstances. 

29. This observation serves to prove 
the impossibility of prescribing & pet= 
manent order of battle. 








30. The act of fixing a camp upon 

sition, is nothing more than that of 
ing up a line of battle upon this 
position. All the guns should be fa- 
vourably placed; the position taken 
must not be commanded, enfiladed, nor 
enveloped, but on the contrary, it must, 
as much as possible, command, en- 
filade, and envelope that of the enemy. 

31. Field fortifications are always 
useful, aud never prejudicial, when 
rightly understood. 

QE 


a 


410 


‘ROONTAT, 
afradted tne sight, provided wedi 
Sertaat epee tes elay ease tates 


ind he ies ; which can oul 
Pretiocted with Gewve soldier. 


‘34, Bat, that th ‘bo brave, we 
raust make tam 20} for bravery ie ot 
‘an innate quality. 


35. This object is not to be attained 
either ts, by punishments, 
fine, but hy’ means of 

a free 


jens of our trope, 
bod it would then romain forthe pone 
ral to rouse and excite them in the mo- 
ment of battle. 


THE ROGNIAT CONTROVERSY. 


NAPOLEON. 


right and left, in order that uo obstrus- 
tion may be given to their fire in any 


39. Yes! Brave, skilful, and wetive 
soldiers. 


84, Is cownrdice then innate? ob~ 


to their colours ; itis not by 
harangues at the moment 
they are brave: the old sole 
diets scarcely listen to them, and the 
young one forget thorn. ax oon a the 
cannon-shot is fired. Not one of 
‘was ever delie 


the barangues in Liv, 
wered hy the 





his arm 
the fire, said Ur 
‘Tho moment it now come I”—the ges- 


THE ROGNIAT 


ROONTAT. 


‘86. The passions which have most 
influence over the troops of different 
nations, are fanaticism, patriotism, ho- 
nour, anibition, love, and avarice. 


37. A alight glance at offensive 
ations, on 8 grand scale, will euxble 
us to discover two kinds of war, name 
ly, a war of invasion and a methodical 





38. The first kind is employed with 
success, when the object is to conquer 
the despotic states of Asia, where the 
people, enslaved, and indifferent about 
their rulers, take no part in the de- 
fence ; but it is only the second that 
can succeed against republican states, 
where the patriotism of the citizens 
opposes incessantly recurring obstacles 
to the march of conquests. 

39. In Europe, where the patriotism 
of the people, who have some share in 
public affairs, and the political system 
of the sovereigns, which constantly 
tends tothe eaablishment ofa balance 
of power, are equal to the 
rapidity ck congue, nome but « mes 
thodical war can procure solid and 
permanent results. 





CONTROVERSY. 4 
MAPOLEON. 

ture, the look, and the action sufficed 

to make the French soldier burn with 

ardour. 

36. The Greeks, in the service of 
the Great King, felt no passion for his 
cause! ‘The Swiss, in the service of 
France, Spain, and the Princes of 
Italy, felt no passion for their cause ! 
The of the Great Frederick, 
consisting, in a great degree, of fo- 
reigners, felt no passion for his cause ! 
A good general, a good system, a good 
‘organization, a instruction, and 
a good and severe 


good ind ciscipting the 
troops, independent 
Cause for which they fight. It is true, 
however, that fanaticism, patriotism, 
and national glory, will inspire young 
troops with ardour. 

_ 87. Every offensive war is a war of 
invasion: every war conducted accord 
ing to the rules of the art, is a metho- 
dical war. Plans of a campaign admit 
of endless modifications, according to 
circumstances, the genius of the chief, 
the nature of the troops, and the topo- 
graphy of the country. There are two 
kinds of plans of a campaign ; the good 
and the bad: sometimes the’ good fil 
from fortuitous circumstances, - and 
sometimes the bad succeed from a car 
Price of fortune. 

38. Were Russia and Spain repub- 
lican states? Were Holl: and Swit- 
zerland despotic states ? 

‘The wars of Gengis-Kan and of Ta- 
merlane, were methodical, because they 
were conducted and calculated in con- 
formity with fixed rules; and because 
their enterprises were proportionate to 
the strength of their army: a giant's 
dress does not suit a pigmy. 

39. Every war ought to be metho- 
dical, because every war ought to be 
conducted conformably to the prinei- 
ples and rules of the art, and with an 
object: it ought also to be carried on 
with a force proportionate to the ob- 
stacles which are foreseen. Hence, 
there are two kinds of offensive war ; 
that which is well conceived and in 
accordauce with the principles of the 
art, and that which is badly conceived, 
and in which those principles are vio- 
lated. Charles XII. was beaten by the 
Caar, the most despotic of men, be- 
cause bis war was badly conceived 


222 


ROONIAT. 


a. defensive Tine, 
smhich Teal is ‘bare of operations, 
ease of reverses, the active 
army Can be roeruited, ‘and 
lye , and where 
team check the advance of the enemy, 
by aid of i 
siacles, 


42. Teis upon this base of operations 
that all the of and 
subsistence necessary for the existence 
of the army should be established. 


hort time, and fall for the rmoment, 
the object of permanent fortification. 


‘THE ROGNIAT CONTROVERSY. 


* NAPOLEON. 
‘Tamerlane would have heen so by Bax 
jatet, if the plan of his war had resem= 
led that of the Swedish monarch. 


lined, for 
the first 


‘ible 
bon te 


day, you cannot expect to find her 

‘augain to-morrow. 
41, Conduct offensive war after the 
mannerof Alexander, Hannibal, Cesar, 
olphus, Turenne, Prines 


ra eerie 
sont ny of ao 


278% 


y 
tened, srill reject maxims that are 
mae to the principles of these ‘great 


‘men. 
42. Thisis the of the Hano= 
verian war from 1738 10 1763. Sach 


sel down ite arms, And 
riok’s old army, which reékoned 
at its head so many: a Brons- 


THE ROGNIAT CONTROVERSY. 


2 omaT, 


43. These temporary fortresses will 
be disposed along the base of opera- 
tions, at the conjunctions of the prin- 
cipal roads, with a view to strengthen 
the more important points, and to co- 
operate in the general defence. 


44, A glance at the grand operations 
of defensive war, will convince us of 
the necessity of their being supported 
by strong places. ‘The service render- 
ed by such places in this sort of war 
is of different kinds, which should be 
duly weighed and appreciated in 
frat instance, in order to avoid falling 
into error, or unseasonably despising 
them, unnecessarily multiplying them, 
or disposing them without discernment. 

45. In the first place, they secure 
within themselves the depots of arms 
and ammunition, prepared beforehand 
to meet the exigeucies of the war, and 
which may be looked upon as the mili- 
tary riches of a uation. 

46. Then, they close the principal 
mountain passes, and facilitate for the 
army the of the rivers, upon 
which they form ¢éler de pont. 

47. Finally, they offer to defensive 
armies under their walls a refuge, 
which the aggressor is compelled to 
respect, without being able to continue 
his advance, since he would be acting 
in violation of the principles of war, in 
having an army in his rear, 

48. But, in order that they may ful- 
fil this last object, it is indispensabl; 
necessary that they should be surround- 
ed by a vast entrenched camp, prepared 
beforehand, and of which they would 


413 


NaPorzon. 
wick,a Mullendorf,a Russel,a Blucher, 
ke. after its defeat at Jena, was unable 
to effect a retreat; in a few days, 
250,000 men laid down their arms; 
and yet they were not in want of armieg 
of rzerve they had one at Halle, and 
another upon » ®apported 
strong. places; they were ie tho mid 
of their country, and not far from their 
capital ! Seize ‘upon every chance of 
success when you purpose fighting a 
great bate, especially if you have to 
jo with a great captain; for, if you aré 
eaten, even though be in the 





will thus destroy every thing. 
feld-works, except acch may be 
protected by inundations, will require 
‘enormous garrisons: it will be better 
worth while to fortify the towns. 

44, Strong places are equally use- 
ful for defensive and offensive war. 
Doubtless they cannot, of themselves, 
supply the place of an army; but they 
are the only means we possess for re= 
tarding, restraining, weakening, and - 
disquieting a victorious enemy. 





47. According to circumstances. 


48. This system of fortification would 
seem to be traced by an officer of 
hussars. 


414 SONG OF MINA’S SOLDIERS. 


ROG NTAT.: 
form the réduit. ‘This entrenched 
chimp will consist of four small forty * 
disposed in a square, and ata distance 
of two or three thouand. toises from 


one another. 

49, T may add that it is usele 40, The garrisons of strong places 

Pesjoicial, to wally the forteass sul en fr he oe ad 
t Ls - 







‘more coacen! 
force, than to disperse it. 


le of 
Spmtumbet een ee 
bata novice can be made to believe it 
simple and easy: it would take Euler, 
Tay » and Laplace, many 


prise of the enemy, or forces him to 


nights 
submit to the protracted duration of a to it im uation, and to separate 
‘war of sieves, ‘a dooms toni te alae pro 


erties. 





SONG OF MINA'S SOLDIRRS. 
BY MRS, UEMANS. 
(From the First Number of the Peninsular Melodies.) 


Ws bean thy name, © Mina 
a Feiough our hills trang 
sound more st 
More deep thin armours clang” 
The peasant left his vineyard, 
‘The shepherd grasp'd the spear; 
We heard thy name, O Mina 
‘The mountain bands are here, 


‘As engles to the day-spring, 
Prom ore dart See 
every 
So rushed our hearts to thee. 
‘Thy sprit is our banner, 
jine eye our . 
ns bame our trumpet, — 
he mountain bands are thine. 


415 


TWO MONTHS RECOLLECTIONS OF THE LATE WAR 
IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.® 
BY A PRIVATE SOLDUKI. 


About the 5th of May we left Montijo, and the other corps com-_ 
sing our division, which had been quartered in the neighbouring vil- 

- ‘also moving at this time, the phir towards joz, 
for the purpose of besieging that fortress, then held by the French. 
We were stationed on the right or south bank of the river Guadiana, 
opposite Badajoz, to attack St. Christoval, a strong fort, communicating 
with Badajoz by a massy bridge of twenty-eight arches, 

Astrong detachment of the enemy still heen Hie their works, 
it was determined to drive them off. To effect this, skirmishers were 
sent forward, who commenced a smart firing, while we advanced in line 
to their support. During this service, the city and fort kept up acon- 
stant fire of ghot and shells, and a large shot striking cho ined te front 
of a section, cast up such a mass of earth and sand as completely to 
overwhelm the whole. We concluded that they were killed, but were 
‘soon agreeably surprised to see them getting up, shaking the earth 
‘thelr clothes, and resuming their places in the ranks, Huving accom 
plished the object of our attack, we placed astrong guard on the ground 
gained, while the greater part of those who had New engaged retired 
to the camp, about one mile anda half in the reor. On this night, 
which was very dark, I was on picket close to the enemy's works; our 
officer, (a Frenchman,) kept us stepping slowly backwards and forwards 
the whole night, in rear,of a chain of our sentinels, some of whom were 
not more than thirty from the palisadoes of Fort St. Christoval. 
The silence of this t night was only broken by the solemn tones 
of the city clock, and the voices of their sentinels. We could hear 

inctly the qui vive," as they challenged on the ramparts, and 
every quarter of an hour their cautionary call, “ Sentinel, gardez-vous,”” 
ho! ‘sentinel, take care of yourvelf. On the firet streak of daylight, we 
retired under shelter of a rising ground, but were greatly annoyed by 
the shot and shells from ie pari If a shell dropped beside us, 
our only resource was to on the earth, snd remain in thot state 
till after the explosion. Watching those shells from the time the dull 
report mortar announced they had left the enemy's works, till 
they burst or foll, furnished us with ample matter for speculation, and 
even of mirth, at the despernte runnings on seeing them come near. 
On this day, a detachment of Portuguese infantry of the regiment of 
Elvas, who had joined us the day before, were stationed in udvance, 
and the shells falling freely about them, their officer, a portly citizen, 
commenced a precipitate retreat. When obsorved, he was running at 


5 
which a serjeant, evidently ashamed, turned about, and rallying the 
cronies number of the fugit came over to us5 but 
tinued his route, tuking a final leave of the glorious, but perilous laurels 
of thetented field. The Portuguese, however, ‘when sundor British officers, 
often evinced the utmost bravery, though their ranks were recruited by 











* Concluded from page 204, 


416 TWO MONTHS RECOLLECTIONS OF THE LATE 


compulsory conscriptions. We often witnessed their levies arrive 
guarded by cavalry, and fastened aera by ropes, in the manner 
convicts are sent off for tranportation, “These recruits were as dirt 
and ragged os can be well imagined ; barefooted und covered 
eae brond-brimmed hats, and at refine ‘sight they as so many 

miserable old mon; but when clothed, we were surprised to see 
ther as it were pr eretimas into a body of athletic young fellows: 

‘Two event ‘was ordered ibid party, that fa, 0 
body of men w who are to protect those nbont to cast ‘intrenchments, 
raise batteries, oe fascines, or any other wae connected with 
the service, At ‘ed from onr camp) in the utmost silence, 
and arriving in the vicinity of St. Christoval, we Jay down flat beneath 
a rising ground, a little in rear of the place’ where intrenehments were 
about to be cast up. ‘Then with a slow and — came an en- 


wer heading the working party, with jes. und shovels ; 
wert followed by others Caste gablons, which Jaid down 
twee? a little in advance of where we wore couched: engineer 
pointed out the intended works; called the id 


t 
tere woises that followed the: breaking of that ground. Fora 
time our ears und senses were alike astounded by the conflicting wept sons 


merous conflicts. ett the at ia itumi- 
nated by the comet-like fusees of the bombs in ther 
wis; ina few instances they burst in ‘he air within view, thus 
‘ug a momentary respite from the dread of their effects. wnt 
In the mean time gabions continued LE romee sree the ta 
und ad close to ars ‘other; six Sea cir carriage was 
‘perilous service ; the men were without eof 9) kid tao 
advanced with their unwieldy burthens, many were killed 
‘under the eyes of their comrades, ‘Every minute we ioe from the 
works going forward the evies of "I'm wounded,” while the men who 
till remained dnhort, toiled on with a Furious assiduity Hee I 
‘under cover. ©’ The shot continued to fly over us with a rn acta mei, 
owing either to the distance they had come, different degrees ae 
‘city, or causes to us unknown, they soomod to exit’ Mie tinde c 
some of which at another time might a ‘been accounted 
In this’ state of awful inactivity we lay listening till aes Sol 
ond though the firing’ of the nrtillery of the garrison continued 
Slee ed some of us dropped into a kind ofvsl 
many were destined never vw awaken in thik world. et ioet ‘rt a 
shell ere ‘on the brow of the hillock, above where we: 
and giving a few rapid rulls towards us, burst betweon the legs « 
‘serjeunt, tearing off his thigh, and killing or wounding seventcen others. 
On the noise of this explosion I started wp, and the first object that 
met my half-opened Tustliy was a German er, whose knapsack was 
on re, wae ae it off his back, Tem ‘that the 
fiance of the ahi hevit caught his cartridge box, it ‘up, 
his knapsack in a blaze, and in his terror and confusion, be was 
of himneelt to get rid of his fiery burden, 


WAR IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL: aT 


sere tn ns ser els fr tie aed 
were by this tim: Pegi tigiesr pre mons heise 
room mn their 3 wherever w of us sought 
sheer slcaoot cevtein of falling inumodlesel” after, and al- 
near app, san annocecd by tho woke of sheir Fuaad, 

ence a ny of whistling noise, we were kept in a state of eres 
itation to elude then. Da: poveral Vonppseiena shells, 
ritheir fall, roll ubout, sometimes like enormous foot-balls, ‘and 
‘over the bodies of severul who had fallen flat, exploded without 


the least Injury. 

At twill tl Party wo had been anxious expecting from the 
‘cam ea Sasa which he ey Ueleckarinet 
men ire and musi eame into 
trenches at double- double quick, several eed ‘Sled it lit bey ‘We retired 
in a bike hasty manner, and ‘some lose, 

From our camp, we ate a pep ae pic Saar 
<ipreprtagh under Gen. » were statioued on the helene a 


from nee they were forwarded on large cary, drawn Eanes 


eee searelladhaioonpa al Astley ‘he miuleteers, cash troop 
‘was under the direction of a leader, called the Capitras. 
- On the evenin; (oe es oe ee of'eighty men 
‘ut Major Ward's battery, then erecting on the right of the great 
Yeading to St. Christoval. The night a epee be feet he any event, 
‘that could be deemed remarkable in our situation. We had, as it were, 
the same annoyanee by ghot and shells as on a former night; the same 
eoenes to witness of killed and wounded, similar hair~ 
‘escapes, watchings, and alarms. At daybreak, the sentinel at 
the outer end of the bastion, rey that the were coming out 
of St. Chri in considerable numbers, and the next minute that 
‘they were outside the palisadoes ; sedi iets ees oh 
‘wet out nt double-quick towards our grand battery, wl 
‘ment resounded the firing of musketry, We immediately set forward 
ia that direction, but no sooner were clear of the trenches, than the 


ioe ciara ‘The French had by thie time got. wader cover of ici 
ins, Whieh whe sor ropa c a ee fire, und. our og 
» havin, » and thee u 
Sa ee a 
‘half-filled with the dyi and the dead ‘Choe of the French smelled 
ly of brandy, of which they ea trie ah to have had a doable 
mare cer Before che fring entirely ¢ Pd 
teigada from the samp sppeared on the 


jad aie Sm \¢ time their esteemed commander, 
esis red. to falllfrom “his hove, bel andr ae Bi 


qf! 


eee ei nanlie cate niaktias es ater es 
which many of them had come morning, retired to the camp. 


ink 


i 
i 
E 
; 
i 
f 


a as before. Amongst the wns, ised our fugleman, 

with his head and shoul epee eee sare and brains, and some 

observing that he was alive, gave him a push with their feet, on which 
eat biieien dad emer gtoiee ante Sean Tt was soon 

discovered that he was not 

brains must have been those of the person who covered bim in the 

ranks, and whose ead had been struck ff by: 


by 

stupitied. For some time he was unconscious of his situation, and at 
length complained greatly of his head, which we bound up, and he 
remained Tying in the trenches til] our relief arrived. 

recover the effect of this shock for several days, though as brave a 
man as any in the regiment. - On counting ovr files, it was found that 
tf tha eighty. mien soho set formant to appoee the sartie meds) bythe 
enemy, exactly forty were enabled to resume their stand in the ranks. 
Our total loss in this affair amounted to near 400 men, On the same 


Es 
i} 
E 
= 
3 
i 
5 


& 
i 


mained standing with a epy-glese. for. about ten minutes, hed turned 
eed ba jaurp dow; when a: eatsion-sbot parce 
tryin had His gn Groping fo hand a hin ay fal 


Ne for bite 
shot were over ont heads: 80 callous had we become, by cus — 
tage 


aes pean tartees 
On the 12th, Y'vas again-on duty at. the grand battery, which was 


xhot, yet our situation was even more perilous and irksome than on et 
former occasion. By this time the besieged had arrived at such | 
precision, aa to the due distance of throwin, Sianeli that _ 


retaliated. briskly, by 


were pretty suecessful, as was evident from the irregular dis 
Zoritlices paca eprom sy tho effect nf our sndeatip abe: ofl 
Eat pepe ee like Farge puttin ; id to 
its s, caught it a 2, an 
astonishment of = oe tion, where 


: 
i 
E 


7 Hib 
Here, 5 on other occasions when it aa with the Portuguese sol 
diers, we had frequent dealings with them for their rations of ram, 


& 


WAR IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL, ” 419 


which they reserved in horns, and, being very abstemious from liquors, 
al ‘li dispose of. If ' 
were pi willing to dispose eke ‘were scarce, they 


ly exchange their rum for plenty, they would have 
‘money ; but as we sometimes had neither, stratagem was resorted to in 
their ‘Their common salutations when holding out their horns 
was, mae you bay rum 2” our answer, Si Senhor, pro- 





vemos “Let's try it first.” Taking a hasty an 
passing it to another, we exclaimed, Ah nad esta bom ruma, “It’s not 
rum,” and in this manner their horns were often is edo in 
trials; on whieh dis * their owners would exclaim in great 
hae Ahy eee t ie toda, “Ab, es 1 you have ae er 
higgling and not likely to agree in those bargains, they would put 
Dhalberaepithede mouths, aw ante great stagger, declve tiat they 
ee drunk and fight like the Jnglees, 

On the of the 14th, the grand battery, consisting of brass 
twenty-four pounders, and some howitzers, opened on Fort St. Christo- 
val; but, though spirited fire was kept up, it was soon evident that 
they must be sil ond by that of the enemy, who being in a great mea 
sure disen, on that quarter, poured a terrible and overwhelmi 
fire w » By the following morning, our fire was considerably 
al several of the cannon being dismounted, and the muzazles of 
others so beaten by the large. shot struck agninst them as to be unser= 
viceable, and by noon only one x gavaaeided tasen to the furious 
and unremitting cannonade of St. Christoval. Major Ward's battery 
me still without cannon, hence aoe bt rep ea severe 

conflicting events going forward. Fortunately, on i 
arrived from Marshal jege, and 





‘ing forward with cheerful alacrity, 
tre entered Elvan by eleven ofdlook the same night. . Heastily tied of 
the tnd harming serio we ha Te we rej ah ex 


better, 
is no duty so truly harassing to a soldier as a protracted and 
a ftily senor hich bo fale soptacked ‘aistorerice vA a 


of 
We ing 
crossed the Guadians at Jurumanha, and Sees march, heard at 
in the direction of Albu- 


slowly forward ‘ing by the road, of whom were 
fa pa phy pes hc Wate are pert 


420 4 «=9TWO MONTHS RECOLLECTIONS OF THE LATE 


testified that the battle had been one of the most sanguinary kind. 
lier edesterr pie ta pln vegies weea ee 
fame, ie “ je and pomp war,” 
military A oe A aaa 





battleat Albuera; the French were near w 
milo and a half in their front. We now advanced in subdivisions, at 
double distance, to make our numbers appear as formidable as possible, 
and arriving on the field, piled our arms, and were permitted to move 
about. Viki awful —— eee A! the terrific scene before 
5-1 total suspension tool sy galety so 
Of Trish soldiers the orto or ible eoutenmees 
into a pensive sadness, some time 8] was 
by ket afer looks and cen nods, i us 
‘upwards men, 
See rire toatartes rive iatctiok teed eeiered ete 
niards during the night; thelr bodies Geen y with dirt clotted 
blood, and torn with the deadly gashes inflicted by the bullet, 3 
Who bod been Liledeutighe epyeared merely Que pad sleep 
n ont it, mm fin the 
recente bad ‘been ‘ous Sudderly tal 


iy 

the ugonies of their last struggle, exhibited u fearful distortion of 
tures, Near aur arms was a small stream almost choked with | 
of the dead, and from the deep traces of blood on its miry ms 
it-was evident that many of them had crawled thither to allay 
last thirst. The waters of this oozing stream were so deeply tinge 
that it seemed actually to run blood. A few perches distant was a 
drawwell, about which were collected several ‘hundreds of 
severely wounded, who had crept or been carried thither, They were 
sitting, or lying’ in the puddle, and each time the bucket the 
surface with its scanty supply, there was a clamorous and heart-rending 
confusion ; the cries for water resounding in at least ten languages, 
ese omagieee iy rary apis ie ie manner this beverage was 
passed to each other. 

Turning from this painful scene of tumultuous misery, wo again 
strolled amongst the mangled'dead. The bodies were seldom 
about, as witnessed after former battles, but lying in rows or heaps ; 
in several. places whole subdivisions or sections appeared to have been 
prostrated by one tremendous charge or volley. . te 

Wekere found the Fusileer and Port one Wehgeties oF as oe 
whom we had not seen since we went to Badajoz, where they had also 
Bokcaah Ninel aay ediiived ba ot ind just before the actic 

ich the former brigade was nearly anni 
‘When we separated from them at Olivenza, the Fusileers 
to at least men, and on their muster this day, only about 360 
stood in their ranks. Before their going to Badajoz, 20° men of oar 
Seeds sien Alay eae 
siege of that 3 of these only one 

for seFvice: ‘Pho lows in coveral other Belsih regien}e rus rep 
to have: been equally severe ; those of the 3d, Slst, 48th, 67th, and 
66¢h, were particularly mentioned, and the field before us presented 





WAR IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL, 421 


Proofs that those were bnt too true. All the survivors 
whom we con were heartless and discontented. ‘They 
complained bitterly that the army had been sacrificed by a series of 

ly in placing the Spaniards on the key of the 

tion, and in not crediting that the Lancers, who bad for a time 
Says Cee French. In our Heguirles seasaap 
the Pusileers, the following particulars were collected on the spot; but 
before jing to their relation, I shall natice, the amcabarw atthe 


ran troops, about 4,000 of whom were cavalry, o species of force in 

which we were very defective, ‘The enemy oxide 

position as ni ‘on our advance thither ; 

gous as at 'this time. About half a mile in our front was «river, 
w 


grown free 
ditches or wood, except.a few dwarfish shrubs. Near the extremity of 
Pea bec oal tg alreeh apr Se ageless pe 
ER ara hs SN os RD TRE ln, 
buera, on the great road leading to a bridge over the river. ‘The only 
i Sr Spe oe ep eet np Piagry porae geod 
ight o'clock on the morning 1 1, the enemy began to 
Sere hats Ue ood cea ie ee till that time had concemled 
their numbers. Soon after, several columns adyanced towards the 


a ‘attack on the Spaniards, while others attempted to at 
Ferdi tod a he bridge, The Bpactards costing of united cng 
of Generals Blake, Castanos, and Ballasteros, defended themselves 
with the utmost bravery, but were at leagth driven from their position, 

behind them ample and indnbitable proofs of the obstinate 


east pe 

about, dashed bets 
ensued, a dreadful havoc was made before they could be expelled. 
Favoured by a tremendous eho Westra Rael hail, which bad fallen 


‘storm abating, they were seen in front within musket-shot of our 

Pros; tne hi Tieekes ek ict Ratan coer 
thus rod to move qui! 

Rit (ny arers soiealoey iis Shenae ad Loch En eeaehes 


WAR IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 


80 fatally lost, and the other events of this memorable nection being so 
well knowa, £ omit their wand shall only observe, that my nar= 


Lift 
Re 
i 
H 
ul 
ne 
ag! 
We 
it 


had fallen the daqy sate) 


ager 
ug 
Heft 
afer 
fH 
rae 
ae 
at 

3 


j 
t 
3 


a 
A 
EI 
fi 
< 
i 
f 
| 


A 
1S 
4 





i 
i 
ee 
fi 
25 
| 
z 
He 


ts 
u 
IE 
F 
i 


i 


marauding. ‘The only place of rest, 
in the mn 


ca 
is 
é 
A 
33 
LH 
a 
i 

B 
Be 
li 


: 
F 
E 

iu 
i 


t 
: 


heavy and lengthened hours, when about to full into the y 
sali useo started and gazed on this and apy 
es Baath lines of ad pranad faintly visil ee 
le the on jo8e lying about, or who still maintained 
Hate talaace te the bath, hones ie nal tis cal ot Ne Rae 
and the low moanings of the mutilated soldiers who still continued 
feel The dull monotony of those sounds were at times broken 
others in strict unison with such a time and place. From about 





i 


s 


field of carnage. Their howls seemed at times us if answered by the 
calls and croakin; of the bikda of prey which apt hoveriaay/ebeahe 
T even thought that they seemed to say, “ Why remain hero, 
after havi Taid/out {2-us'opok «grad and rich sepest?” be 
eines ret enor ik eve dy an 
% over my memory in review ; 
found that the most horfld of those cialee of ereots” the ideal 
terrors of romance, were 1d by tho horrid realities before me. 
1 several times endes to collect my bewildered thoughts in 


strange, “stranger | 


423 


LETTERS PROM GIBRALTAR. 
‘BY THE AUINOK OF “THE MILITARY SKETCH BOOK.” 


January BIst, 1830. 
GenrLeuen of the United Service, previously to my leaving Eng- 
land, [promised the Editor of your excellent periodical, that, as soon 
us I should find myself quietly settled on the Jap of Gibraltar, I would 
commence a series of letters on such subjects connected with the old 
——s us T ke deem interesting to you, and transmit them seriatin 
insertion in the Journal. I, therefore, hasten to ny agreoablo task, 
and ‘take up my pen,” as ancient epistolarians say, to prepare for 
your perusal 
No. I 
Thave, hitherto, been accustomed to picture this pillar of Hercules 
in my fancy as an feolated rock, standing ont from the beauties of na- 
tare, like a thing unfit to mix with them ; n garrixon, in which nothii 
was to be sean but shot, shell, batteries and stone walls; nothing heard” 
but the hoarse voice of command, tho rattling of drums, and the Gallow- 
of artillery. Iwas led to look upon it as a spot where luxury was 
» and society a cripple, where disease sat Lrooding over her 
victims, and ennui stood ready with her iron chain to shackle 
down the luckless visitors of her miserable shore. But what a false 
ion had I conceived of the place! What a dupe have £ been to 
discontented grumblings of home-sick subalterns, and the stiff and 
stony desctiptions of military authors! So different is Gitrultar to my 
open eyes, the reports of the one set and the writings of the 
other, I almost imagine myself in a new and undescribed land. 
Instead of a hill of horrors, a of misery, a garrison of monotonous 
melancholy, a devil’s hole, unfit for the el ‘and refinement of any 
of his Majesty's ensigns, I find as good and as pleasant a quarter as an 
officer need wish, and well worthy of all whose beau idéat of life is not 
made up of a park ride, a sail on the Thames, epee through 
the misty streets of London, and the civie vapour of coals and porter. 
Before I ely a dozen paces from the Horse-guards with my 


Le 


‘order to emburk, ¥ was assailed by the aympathies of a group of brother 
subs on the “ peculiar hardness of my fate:" one ieerentslty assured 
me that I should be starved to death on the rock ; m second, that T 


should be baked into a cinder by the sun ; and a third, that I bad nor 
slightest chance of escape from atrabilious dissolution! On land~ 
‘better consolation awaited my inquiries, and 1 
hat atarmed on hearing y fellows declare (alt 
ied on their cheeks, and merry eee pane ts 





EE 
i 
z 


became 
ch health 
n 


iy 


a 
to ey ‘hat is worth tho the opinions of 
friends on the “ nee 2” of Gibraltar. i, in ear stiat ould be 


424 LETTERS FROM GIBRALTAR. 






Alameda amongst picturesque cottages, 
eta eee genase epee 
falngle with the gay groups that frequent their 
allies. Should I desire a change to the placa 
‘may step inte my butterfly boat, and skim across’ to: Al 
the water. There 1 may busk in the blaze of 
burning eyes that peep from the shaded Yaleony, or the’ Moorish 
tac aded pop of tupe-onimentals|” T ean then tefreat an, 
olla podrida, and a cup of val de perias,’ and having lighted my segar, 
up. pee ee to. my borrack, just in time for the eee 
« Ay, there's the rab"—the m young 1 

of toa iden! will oe wi you for the pele 

‘tual or the romantic will not cool your thirst for itent, 


LETTERS FROM GIBRALTAR. AR 


‘us turn to the tangible, the corporeal, the absolute fie. Are you 
Piet ApALaMs eusk ai inquiry bopafil sapiens Riek ' 


Where could you live better? Where could you so drink your wine, 
side your horse, keep boat, and defy the duns? Here you have 
i our and the Mediterranean 
for your dahon yo ave a ‘clear ny, and Tr i» your own ‘ule 
you huve nota light heart ; for in Gibraltar we have no fogs, and razors 
ee for shaving. 
But Lam now getting into a passion with those junior gentlemen ; 
anust-curh am) oy aud Heaven knows it is difficult matter, 
ir absurdity,) or I shall forget the worthy readers of 

* United,” to whom I am addreesing my letter, and to whom IT 
shall jm due place detail the peculiarities of Gibraltar. So, to my 
» I came out here in a frei; aah that. is, a vessel hired by 

ind victualling of troops from one port 


towards 
are rendered augatury in this kind of transport. 

Of all the modes of conveying troops over seu existing, none would 
‘be more desirable than that by freight-ships, if the intentions of the Go- 
verament were fulfilled in then ; butas it is conducted at present, there 
cannot be aworse. Ina hired, or regular transport, an ol cortainly 
‘has nothing allowed him but the ordinary rations, and be must find for 
himself all comforts beyond these, even to his bed, and knife, and 
fork; but of this he is aware, and of course provides secon 
and for u voyage to Gibraltar, balfa-dozen officers may lay in their 
-aet-stock for about 5/. apiece ; at least, they can procure a more plen- 

etter supply than we met with on the freight-ship in 

came out: is enough for my argument. Now, we in 

this Aleach on embarking, which is the sum regulated by con- 

Government itself paying 16/. per head, making up the sum 

finding und of each officer. This is paying 
much as any vessel demands for a 

to Gibraltar, nay, 5! more than some will require, and 

‘an excellent table, and wine, with all other necessary com- 

srefurnished. | We were tobe found in everything 

generally speaking, constitute a table fit for gen 3 

ehee of ecaia fs epcited 5 Chis contract —brecktiae: dit: 

supper, and also that we should have a pint of wine each 

some meio i ler cl 

le i as any officer cou! 
5 oeesl fumnaih” “Thi nether’ of ofhcecs were 
jo. 10, Arai, 1890. Y 


ony 
ia 


Ps) 
bod 
. 
= 


LETTERS FROM GIBRALTAR, 








as a proof 
eel g ttt any 
‘that we possessed fowls, ducks, pigs, fish, ‘bread, 
butter, lone ad a nyt 

to have seon 26 atte 
of them, would have excited aay af the whole 


L Wine and Odi 
with that a yet ine eat not ot prteth 8 ha 
xo remark 


den cal to ai 
Government, EAR 
voyage, ax ix the case at present, 





eB 
entlemen at home, of shia! to your ade 
iar ene ae is ae y 


ie a oa Cra minaadg ie te 
check the the etl a aera 


LETTERS PROM GIBRALTAR. 427 
have 
auaniracen errr ene! 






Bak atta) and during that 
‘and heard an it of tm ings worth 
eer we one era a othe 


{from its natures I judge it will be as much ee 

Tn ny next communication, however, I shall 
oom fr remark, and shall give you a glance at our little caer 
re varie(l character, 


Py pe roared reee: Recaro 2 Se eas 
career of pirate, w) and execut 

wee He Mite prisoner in the garrison for nineteen months, 

ring which time the British Grane spared neither pains nor 
esp to establish a fall chain of evidence against him. 


‘elopement characte 
thr disbolial gang of which he was the lender, Nothing 


3 ea a ames hozrors By added to ae which, 
igh to bear, plow, 

collect concerning him. I 
it py i trial, from the, peel of hig, icon, 


ey pers. of his prison, and not a little from his own li dt 

iy Rechte 
nes, ant ve 

i fact —that it i& truth and not fiction, eg ’ 


45 : Soro tive of a small Corunna ; he 
bees seer ot lah le ae aia 









a ig could in the regul 9 haps, to 
ue tes es aye ‘hoy into his ebipe Pye He 
le number of bands for the ent varies ee in Lisaeene 


om deal in ah Latoya them par of their 


in 
ri sistant lei a Fi i gl re 






428 LETTERS PROM GIURALTAR. 






uate to ny ste aa are 












hiss 
> commander mA ie acne he 
part owners. Still, those who had rejected the evil 
unmoved ; on which Soto ordered out the bout 
cried ut, There ix fae Sea tik 
the other miust be chosen ont board “with 
‘This declaration, althou, it ‘ina t the ‘tect of pre 
are at might be offer Ane ‘well-disy 
did not change them their h 
iia }nik the robbery Sud entered ae by gn tb teh 
aid with but one paix of oars (ill ad Lee 
bh See tei stare aan bral were tl 
tant. Hud the weather continued calm, ag a wid 
he tp, te would have made ele abore U9” 
gale of wind set in short] 











plisli while the gale Tasted. AL on board the ship 
ion that the boat could not live, as He flew away 
Poh iieee ee eae fed at 
tnedsmates to their inevitable ie p 
Bi eG executed at Cadiz, « declared vey alt in 


‘The drunken eae that night reigned In tho 
eee iets 
fo u 
fe maeaey of Cal chee ena ee 
Gacen te gute its proper place—| c ad of : 
‘mate (now the'ehieF) at onc ‘thé reins to his! 
Hee eel i ea ae tae z oy he aoe pies 
ie day bit 
ith ny bee lent yeh wih 





LETTERS FROM GIBRALTAR. 429 


the leader, than he determined to 

= Piet Eetia bit fttalien slater Boe wet 

his and deliberately shot him. For this act he ex- 

ANP ts Ble chet Uy seat to them that it wus in Weir pro- 

te id the act ; that deir interest was the other's death ; and 

inded ‘by declaring himself thele sae ba promising 
hiityebt to their Future Inbours, provided they obeyed him. 

ceeded ws the helght of lis wishes, and wee vsliendly hailed by the 














st ‘them party rite ‘others, not les, sat but 
i ink proposed to take them to some port in those 
in human beings, and there sell them. ‘The latter 
ct id, und Soto steered for the West Indies, 
od prise 6 for the slaves. One of those wretched: 
a reserved as a servant for himself; and this boy 

r Provence to be the witness of the puniahment of 
ap Tomes ia and his 





oy ie jongst others was Hey eae my 
of which forms re np ics of theit atrocity, Thine 
ta (of thig brig all the valuables Oa could find, they hatche 
wn in the hold, except a blac ‘k’ man, who wns allowed to 
oe i ot Sand pape of spaepe Js his ieee an 

musing exhibition to Soto and his gan set fire to the 
oh prvgress of tbe Gamnery and se the Salaca 

Pie one, nae olimlbig to abe, mac-beei== 
at 0 iam ag le—now Neaping, to ane past of the vessel, and 


ae 





now tlh t seemed to rive to its it piteh.. 
Ke lengittia hotties cone oh te ‘devouring clement, the pclae 
victim of thes fendish ray fell exhausted into the flames, and the 


oe 


Iting scene elosed amidst the shouts of the miscreants 
ty 
berate, that which ranks next in turpitude, and 


ey 


which ren ir ayerthrow, was the piracy of the M. Star. 
to in with that vessel near the of Ascension, in the year 
1626, as she was on her voyage from ety Jon to England. This 






ag 








aerate ve aa fein ie 


Se 





thn ordered te sale May 





430 LETTERS FROM GIBRALTAR. 
phates pe of his Sarnaritampronidensrpiiese'nomey = 











the Relay er 
Ageacovteing in emia 
packensy In — black, boy, 
with atelescope, because he asked him would he have his 

chocolate ; us soon, however, as he set his 


‘than a quarter of an hour, the pirate had gained, 
‘other vessel. Soto now, withont rising: 
dored a gun, with blank: eurtridge, to be fired, and, the, 
tobe hoisted: but finding this measure had not the effect. 
the Morning Star to,he cried out, * Shot the 
i janie,’ (he order was obeyed, but the shot. 
yon which be ju up and cursed the fellor 
who bad fired the gan, He-then ordered them to load. 
ee ee his own hand. He did not, ho 
immediately, but waited until he was nearly abrogst of his victim 
the aim himself, nnd ordering a man to stand b 
aie ) fired: with on air that, showed he was sure, 
ceteate ‘ta haul wlll ener colours, and. havi r 
out through the speaking-trnmpet, “ Lower your d 
fie "moment, let your captain come on board with his Ith 
dedrfidlschaee ‘hase the people on board the, 


wee in tho grostentlzrm ; but. bowever their appraiasions 
have been excited, that courage, which is so it TY 
sailoyy never for a moment forsook the ee visit ed 0 






ery 
nl horevda. dei qe ereurity, hams aude nde 
Penn og peor ‘of the soldiers on, board 


LETTERS PROM GIMRALTAR, 


etapa ea aan Btn 

wife with him, and conseqn a misfortune to 

it even worse than -" ha al who koe thd 

‘ and reflect upan it, will allow that 
oy eneabend:? The long-gane that whieh was to be 
oe “husband,” The long-gun, which was on a pivot in 

patilamartot gil Mtetwa abe veer a 


ie are either as thi bonnes areshail 
Srey fse kil, or tats a alt, nwa not be much het~ 
ter. Tt was evident the Defensor de Pedro was the best suiler; 

tly the Morning Star could not ‘to escape: in fact, 
mul }, or total destruction, was the’ only choice. eee 
ing +, therefore, acted for the best when he recommended thi 


mer. ‘Theré wus some slight of escaping with life, and eae 
Her tibuse, by: surren rae to contend must be inevitable 


The gentleman who had gone in the boat to the pirate returned in a 
mee) panne proof of the ill treatment he had received 
from Soto are Se appears, that when the villains learned he 
Sian upon him and beat him, ox well as the 

in : ‘most brutal mamner, and with the most 

jon ald Bioiavitus captain did not i ‘come, 

‘an to th ‘would blow the #hip out of the water, 
iS acne tecldat captain nthe yay i wast act 

Bf Tesitation he stepped into the bees taking with him his se- 
ite, three soldiers, and a sailor boy, and proceeded to the pirate. 

on wemalon ‘oti board that vessel, along with the mate, Soto, who stood 
‘near the main-rnast, with his drawn cutlass in his hand, desired him to 
‘approdch, while the mate was ordered, by Barbaran, to goto the fare- 
le. Both these unfortunate individuals obeyed, and ‘werodiatantly 


shtered. 
‘Soto now ortlered six picked men to descend into the boat, a sonst 
‘whom was Barbasan, ‘l’o him tho leader addressed his orders, tho. 

Fic aso take care to put al n he pio t det and then 

| The xix pirat proceeded to execute this sa command, 
were eran aco each carried a brace of & cutlass, 
anid a he cir dress was composod | recbareond 
cotton ch saread iro oven ite were open at the col~ 


a a 
ilies & 


his hand his catlass, reddened with the blood 

and weg et ie Soe in ees another ala, with @ 
lighted mateh, ap at rag beardiogs if 
eeeep ene pus aren ‘the 

As tarde apron he ning Sc, the ar of dhe 
famladtgosen VO 5 ree wsbands im ir, who 
endeavoured to allay their fears rere bs them 
ecco etetie Ly kathy makpesontecstae geval 
them. The pirates rapidly mounted eho eide, and aa they (uanpeden Gece, 


432 BIOGRATIMCAL: SKHTCH OF THE LATE 












Su eel taakd escapade 
ola ck aan twat 
cht ih} eruegine 
‘ 2 tet abtond Bey tee 
‘oa RAPMcAL ‘sxuton erry genes Toh 
‘seal 94) aia dla eae 


a alk 
LATE MAJOR TAYLOR, OF THE ROvAL. Al ae 


ey ae eapat Ssccer atiwecd 
et an a sri 


eee 
















aay mae 


jember Vi 
cera ee Bors ee 






oldest of 
wounds yar inIAN in 






bs A cn Te 
ie wie "the thik. 
oa aah ice ‘but more wale sepa he refingittslied! 
ote 
tu poerehsor | a lieutenaicy fn tho" 


te sed i qh Taicer wedi 
cy: viet dan ee ‘ue 

witl the nd. circumstance a 
YehieH Wea undblor eekly’ to connect le oe of Diekte Tay 
Hee i ‘of the Hvieh with the Beith pep of arti 
a “ iment to ee ed urea bers 
aarp n uarter of our colonial service i 
tras ile FA itor wilh ad ae ed 








by the qui of Napoleon's ambition, or the politic dix (ile 
nee inveided hd it waa rely” practic 


of the service wan oxeeuted with As gages 
~~ His next service was with Sir John More, whom 





MAJOR ‘TAYLOR, OF THE ROYAL ARTILLERY, 433 


to the Baltic, and afterwards to the Peninsula, genes Lie! 
iy sedate grein the gl of the rane, ‘till 
glorious conduct of a retzeat ; the greatest disaster: ee 


dares in of the British: 
omar burea ninth ey 
Siclrpe the important him, that he contributed in no 


wines pcm to | although posed 
intrcadenttnge ous ruysuel sotia ame, 
jnences that followed. Gen. Murray's alisdsiom ers crossed the river about 
tem or four miles higher wp than the rest of the British army, by 
which means the retreating French, ander Marshal Soult, were fank 
ed at beth wings, ‘and fied in confusion, In an account of this action, 
either thi error or sere helenae ae manehienaetile 


oe a seragerines here 


whom he was personal Wie ee and esteemed 
Saito Walger The victory was not wholly 
i¢a under the command of Soult, Ney, an ates. ay 
junction, their combined. force moving on it 
hich Victor would also have rullied, Sie Britis 
1 bio elf tna from th a) 







Ty lerg henge ma oye 
ch Nim the ete nt of the 







rank ors ec ‘i , 

f i 6. ort of him to his 
Boe crete Scr Mie 
p voit ay rb Cartel i gracious 

ae letter, written om als y's hand. He 
Reka cee lastiine aiden sheee ks Fn ths cv uta 
Pe onic “onda while amine 





‘state 
out under 
st foreign ser 


484° 9 MAJOR TAYLOR, OF THE ROYAL ARTILLERY. 


pg fal ee, and pec hare pcos di he was Mcaatly ad Be qu fa 


Ld 

Fren cone Howat oe re afti ine 
a are ne rent ster pre 
former om Ate inser ab or in 

room, the! eae a poe favourite, from 


“ vivo 
spirits, and the ‘extent and pleasin; amore or 
powers; and it is said of ey chek he wa nover more felici 
ae {iis Slastionsindses blossom ede 

valuable existence, |) af pe a 


fucilities of seat obliging and oo 
to 


to the visitors of rank, and of which he was 

avail: ‘amas Av distinguished Irish nobleman will 

and his been introduced stable Abbé ‘to oe 
Pontiff, and, in the’ 


with their daughter, 
» when Bius the Vilth, took ae yecagual 


concentrated ication enfulded her. J * ORD 
‘The Abbé Taylor rendered a more signal service to his ownenative 
and state, than the occasional attentions which he was enabled 





the correspon ‘and! 
malcontents, | to the rebellions of the years shh! and 1 
ieee ite lentical aword worn by ince Charles Edward, 
Jotter occasion, he led the ie Higand as freee 
these the ‘Abbe ‘Taylor vent to his lujesty, 
What a valuable resource would these now fers ore 
this age of literary and antiquarinn avidity ! hese: circum: 
to 80 near a relative to the ae ‘our memoir, amen 
ered a digrossion ; but thero yet remains to be told: 
what is more honourable to his frit ita He ot 


the age of fifty. f a a 


435 





Nes aos y “ta it i 
Tx was no doubt x aouree of sincere pleasure, 
affairs, t0 find ha ibe nls of Mie Bision, glows 
Ee 


a entity at at Aleppo was so worthy of the British character, 
i attracted due nerd 


for those caprices of fortune, which ore familinrized to ux by the stories 
in the Arebian Nights; for there a slave is still exalted, or w vi 
I, by a Wreath, This is a natural aliariente otha 


ince prevalent in those regions, little 
sg me although no material pre ry: in knowl or art has 

there, neither literature hor acience are forbi the 

Korn the Hadith, or other formule of their religion ad ews “The 
of the leurned,” said Mohamed, “und the blood of the thartyrs, 


Eefata value in heaven,” an aphoriam received by people’whe 
oae seem to have erp an arrest upon intellectual advancement. 


wer, we, know 1 biota pees oy of 

stant ; and the former maritime pupesiatien nek ie, ROW 
scorn of the ocean, is a remarkable event in the Te edie oo! of pains 
the attainments of the Arabians in iy, chemistry, and 


niedicine, together with their wonderful defiant of Algebra, were 
wainly owing to the fostering cure of the Caliphs, the decline = whose 
power was marked simaltaneously with that Arabic lew Some 
‘of the most obvious branches of education are still taught 9 priosts 
and ahee? ‘but mathematical and Philewophicel haiti. are de~ 
gree) j 


a other ele ct are Petar rmyse4 





re He also srg tn he Bk a 
Hare Weaht and wating tae Lie pange Egon ry 
ra. to Mecea, had ‘by our ‘Boerenicy 36 State for 


‘oan fifi, "Ths come, rar di nt 


436 THK STORY oF feiss 





“Durie is eeaihabes Gitelat ther 
plete oka in Amie the various occurrences which hath 
im, since he quitted Wis paternal roofs ji hey rh a 


ing a , Mr. Barker fally committ 
F ks aa etry ree ae 





tiers," Abdel Walid, a foreigner, of the ttibe of Beni-Pita,, 
charged to conduct me to that, city, celebrated as the residenceof 
most learned doctors In our Inw. di towel silt Yo pEseay 


for er ed wsay | dio Dati ea epee 
winds See 








rsa of-our journey Iald through Sateblead dk 
cultivated cer ao abunaditly supplied us with - 
cred hen i yand to 


1h te 





‘our shateniiner on the stores that our Sel EE, 

Fiend teal aie ited with id “eras we 
our guides were im ui Sool ‘re 
Tasik fo attes Vong Sst Oar 


Spey tae riigeere coe et 


still Bate cre ‘Thin fram Hunger. We then 

not for their flesh, bit to obtain the small quantity: of eter 
remaingd’in their stomachi/+ At last even’ that (Sie fate 
we were reduced to actual starvation, aoe a was) of water: 
assuage oir Buraing thirst. Although’ the desert farmshed a.scanty 

















salt Ht probably tes 








BON OF THE SULTAN OF WADAI. 437 


See pecans 





a" been extin by our satesilgs, 
Seco Whe awful samen a 


EES our. aeeee i Wa 
we, doser! 
se aah Wa” a org the sie 


ne ae aes ‘ie had ito Ackil 
on our part make no! to hasten the meetin, A Ans 

joinedons, tind ‘the first draught of water that touch lips, 
Lobo al aE reeipi pee ge toe rand to: pineas, thot mts 
cam conceive, inert Fieesioespe ttf cireumstances, 





a hom it eased om send Fmncuig won yous Sif 
Paha pay the Arabs, Bent Selina ly His followers, 
partly. peaipeineral partly blacks, were seven) 1 The 


Se ight-fall, vito tanlicyealy fae. 

arrived at Zilfi, a is ‘on a bill, uninhabited indeed, but which alfords 
dd) ng of cell 

watér. We-reernited our inthis 
dayes we then travelled three days, resting © 


at pes a) 10 find ourselyes so near to, 
ible town, dependent on the Plichilic 





o ii 
rend ser three days, nnd departed for Jald, a town six days’ jours 
ney towards the const. POnithe fourth after our rasa dag Je 
witha’ party.of 1500 Arab horyemen, armed with musket, o& well na 
ouradlves. © A battle immediately ensued, in which we Jost twenty 
seven mens bat happily before more blood was spilt, we discovered 


ies, but ids, wind. 
seesty on Th be allel El ‘Mujibueshs end thats niet 
After:témying dixseen, dayayin Jélé (Zella?) portly § fur repowo, and. 





‘that this cruel necessity was of common eocbrrence 
3 i raKh besprcmarr et iter og rena ebay 


yi 3 niga he ‘Wis ieary road, tat on iiovel 
eames of tt lea 








438 THE STORY OF JAPAN, 


wn the road being infested by the Sa'di 
ie i yd 
were la . 











sic leter 
anied by a un fap reyes : 
. reuse at thaliee 


who would sell them ‘im me at the first Sore 
ital, and remit the money to vai friend Semimi. Thi 
from the cht of subsisting of my slay 
means.of ig for the rey for mya that, 
‘compel rae Soc by confi pe 


mina enw Se meat then sited on ickened, xk Gl 
. iad shox er si 
one. this pre erent others closely fe 

Indue time the news reached us that my first entureof slaves ile 
had been embarked for Constantinople, was lost at sea; and the con 
ductor of the remainder, who reached Midilli in safety, soon 
Al and died, upen which my slaves being comprised in the 


the | were confiscated by 1 ees the ~ deme 
Some months bad. now anxiety for the Hea 
*Abd-el- and strange %o ‘ell mal hind not 1 


* This ‘subscril ith yack is of 
spe ete ah a 


SON OF THE SULTAN OF WADAI. 439 


what now seemed obvions—the grand fault which T committed, in not 
him. Wye segaeaey lates cat Lnotset ont on foot > 
walls five a day, will in a hundred days, perform 
of five hundred mibeens But if even ips a oe tract 
‘a lad not fourteen years of age, without money or 
peor y vn ible. cto che execution déelutccheroe han Coa 
eee wes otishdet broken out between Yiisuf-PAshii, the 
of Tripoliyand my nation, 1 kad what woe the cosa othe wat? 
ane tel ‘our father ino. more, and miskonst ws are it~ 
i re ees Sea ye thi with th ec] 
rumit) e country, lew 
uh et At fais tateenostan tary, Like that ay Bernt, and the 
other states.” I could not at course consider myself any longer safe in 
Ben-Gliksiy and therefore endeavoured to prevuil upon my 
bos to furnish ae with ‘the means of vo Alexandria, but 
he could nwot-ineur the. heavy responsibility. ovecdlis sae itic 
should transpire that I had been bie guest; and that, on the breaking 
cof;the war with Wiiddi, he lind beon necessary to my escaping out 
| the territory of ‘Tripoli. ree cores Te ‘was to remain in my 


ates Le femd — my being in it should not 
thie of the despot. ‘ne ‘thet hope fallacious. 


Tripoli. 
On m) i hesen terrier eden ae 
poe ii eter hat I was more nar~ 
iy wae pare i dae fy cael ihe 
presence je sleigh: 1 and hnplored hie tiot tor 
Fe etn, An interpreter ii 





Shalscaarsesn, quality, and sled their sn value. 1 

all, the indications YT conld of the ha pleees where they lay. Tho 
Paha listened Jistened. very attentively tomy eee pe et 
ees thou hast sal prove Soiba tru and Lean 





440 ‘THE STORY OF JATPAR, 


rm sylekt bald anibip  lnatictoteetea ASN aes 
pre lie peti family. Thad woltlan SOG of eaniplonace 
since experienced | ig the sublime. 

and the charming tales in the Arabian 










faction and disgust at the conduct of the m ¥ 

ing," said they, “ uses the advantages of Fe 
the fice | 
‘enormitios, only care becahaaey 1 his attention ia, 
new sourecs of sensual pleasures. Besides being naturally 
nical dis , his cruelty is often carried to the most 


him to ridicule aswell ax contempt.” “ For my part,” 
my life safe, under his rule, and 


2 
i 
g 
4 
i 
2 
e 
F 
$=, 





having been an, Recs 
pa pal msec “Abel fihed with an answer to 
from Ben-Ghizi, and with asupply of money, and every thing 








* ‘The Arnbic language may bo sid to excel all others in copiousnes, 
logance' tis even uotried, that to emumerate and foe wih prota Ke 
diatinctions of any object, would facnish matier for a pamphlet, ft is finely. to 
poetry, and in common life. is, perhaps, snore than any 
the almost universal medium of communication over A! Assi 


SON OF THE SULTAN OF WADAL 44 


for the prosecution of Pirate incstis But as soon as the breath 


‘wag out of his meo im the kingdom divided into 
0 fac “One aimed at keeping the throne vacant till I could 
return Lit, and the other : ‘d my brother's pretensions. 
in the fata; bat et lenge say 
sustain my rights ‘the Caan 
ther'w courtiers, and the enly concession which ‘could obtain ia my 
the il my return. But 
and deat ~ cep al 
my’ brother's “party. 
Toren ‘not pes 
ey swould on 
© hin giving bi advice 
eetingt Seay! 
rate 
tried him for 
it wow his intention, on héaring of the 
dostroy:me, ia order to 
‘end effects’ with which he was charged, or to do 
blip i ew er 
tribunal could not find him guilty of 
to him ; but he svon after fell a sncrifive to his and 


‘insure 

— which T 
last plan ia con- 
to Warab; 





‘Fexsanymy only 

ither go to rin by sea, oF 

‘stem! of passes which the Plishi 
Qe 


= 


442 THE STORY OF JA'FAR, 


hua lated jolned pediments, pademo direct all 
ee Sedmitied tony al = 
iven to the. household; and ery ‘ 


across the 
ie ioe ze Seay Him a pia 
a camel-drivor to 
tine fight, Inn few months, 


ii 4 gach and proyailed 
ciate il ruses had sedulousl; 


now-and thon to give-our 
eine pathy sf aba et} rt ae 

we slept, camels some food, 
Wis bend Atentes days loves trom anor tae 
us to a well, which, from Pantie: taste of the wator, is calle 
Murrah. We sle: ahaty ni i and the next di - 


campment of called Sx: 
tents re Heard ho abel eectiog sound of the We 
which from afar we had halogens 


‘One of the seni) writs Whe Shlkinaas the oe ba ng - in 


the eldest son of 








Ue chief the tribe, who, althoogh im 
Meer Shae hi hands hands in hence bik 

midnight Detre we wer nde ‘The anim 
and cut into small pieces for the convenience makes 





Eaereemnscietions ame Sich te fon 
and ourabe in te ar by the obief mourne, afer ha 
to.her breast and. 


{pte ec les hres eee a 





SON OF THE SULTAN OF WADAI. 3 


Seem bas eae hiny ax not_even bread had 
tho lot of our generous host. “Abd-el-Aziz made a hearty 
‘but awit hud boon served uy vb vinta mote wi to the sides 
ello ma yh syere_ of fommasivneeienn laeino 
ihe wich; however, tad forto 

‘Sabo crnainbentnr coo dowartn ast ee 
seve ih vince Dees Fon at called Enel- 
she pt int of ite ‘now thought myself out of 
‘Vat my weunl ifl-fortune had pr Fe ‘me 
nite feithe morning, before we had proceeded half a league, 
were tt we were lowed by seven’ horseuren at full speed, 
soon! recognised’ to belong to the Pashi. Ina few minutes 

a ee T and my conductor were'pii 
and ‘convoyod' it that painfut condition, mounted’ on our camels, back 


jan, and not a love of lucre, had induced itn “to 

ae evn tere hee the perversion’of all justice could ‘tax 
Soneen suffered to stand, fetterod, ‘for several Hours, 
Poh glayes' and sireants, who loiter about the entrance 
of audiences, After this anxious interval, F wie drugged 

‘of the lordly Pishii, He received ‘me with a coun= 

of ire, antl Toprphined tut injair elevated tone bf voice, 





ra S Se umen teen thine thet! pene 

2” T remni nt, es fix: 
wp ‘The Pasha in a rage then woriferated, 2 Why dint’ thon 
What think thid is the kingdom of var Being 
“that lie would take away my life, {answered with the 
‘ity’ “TP this had "been my Father's kit T should 
srlonced auch treatment as this, nor been compelled A 


‘procecded: ave “re le in my made exci 
sereater aig rea 7 pete exclaimed is 

vi oe Joud cot 3 “thy "a 

Lapa ceo nie Dece to me, for I will cert 

thee to death ; and thou shouldst be 


this Instant, fo thou well nowt at 






Mast sed 


We 
i 
: 
j 















of 4 

Hour after hour passed, and not a human voice was : the even- 

<pgceman od Swen lhe i in iene Balai aa ae 

CAnnlseddarandcigit dleteed usta soca nctvel mee 
it , 3 

came fully io that ee Bian rage starve to death. 


tally remarked, when formerly examining this 

prison, that it received a gleam of light through a hole in thew 
which was then closed by a single stone, looscly put in; and. 

veral fruitless attempts to discover it by shui and crawling 

the floor, for although day it pnt pier dark, I at 

hand upon the stone, und pushed it from its place. ‘The dul 

= the small current sh jaded oe were eee a Pe 
|, proved a greater alleviation of my s tl 

il ess Uisltan enax tesla pon ary kaneu stone 

focation ; on inhaling the vital air, I felt 

@ conscions of my existence. The pain in my feet had 

subsided, nx a suppuration of the sores had commenced, andthe 


i 
fan 


; 
iLL 


i 
B 
i 
: 
i 
Ei 
ae 


He 
Placed nose the aperture fa the wall, Y had just 

ini ant Tneaed ki Hishtear richer Deas pastebin 
even u 


less of what I could-say inclining him to relent. Yet, L 

shy derail aeepsen eee tnonper elicits Lixplaced fio had 

determined to take vay my lf, tht he wold ill me quick, and 
ore 


When I had finished my letter, 1 put my mouth to the ‘are in 
my cries would reach the ear of some one, whom pity would incline to” 
endeay and 





2 This purl shinent is administered with weent rvjularit al eas 
branches se hie eae ‘vo llowench ocher ith ‘oner obyerved 
i ‘on  bliacksenith’s anvids re - 

+ Nothing is moro common than for those who pretend to education, to wear an ink 
‘stand, with & place for pens, made somowbat like 0 pistol, in their girdle, 


BORDER INCURSION. AAS 





seria alierlesees ‘woes. 

‘Twas a few days afterwards occ ‘in this mental abstraction, when 

{dhe door of my potion burst sudde yeni icenty ope As Thad no 
‘reason to expeet such an intrusion at that 

Sipctoeiy = Gone ont Jast hour had arrived, "A vcloe called 

“Come out." I could with difficulty articulate, “1 ean- 

ner?" (ee Siete partly from the sores 

eee ees ng fear that had seized on my 


heart. A man fn eee a hed eon Ms suldens ‘an appa 
‘rent corpse—for I had Jost all sensution. 
[To be continued.) 


BORDER INCURSION, 
BY MISA PARDOE, 
Run, comet like # breeze o'er the mountain they sweep, 
‘The riders are silent, the hoot-clangs are deep ; 
Not to feast ot to revelry hurry they on— 
‘he drawbidge is pus’, andthe poral is won 
Press not the ‘sitll Wis stall, 
‘Ai he nga is pre ote ‘board in my hall; 
sean, and close in my rw 
Fon carved ba the tattrd who hls ua rough feat 
‘Where the banquet was wont aliall the battle be heard ; 
< ee ‘was raised we will nt aan 


Tam victor with me move on 
‘Phe boast of the betder’ the vaunted of aong 
‘That shout-—'tis clay Gevis! with T 
For the peat Ue glory he braver the fy he foe she 


‘Now swift to your weapons, ye 4 

Hrd cality Celen i 
‘oe sy oe oe ean 

ede testy claymore 

And now to the Met ily ee 


From feasting to canine? from banquet to brawl. 


6 
EXTRACTS PROM A CRUISERS LOG, 


ee 


the gall-loaded- pens of the critics with ag little anxicty-as he 
a co petra ent ole hep eet 
handle the pen instead of the hw i, and dip into the ink-bottle 
instead of splicing the main-braco, PA ip alam fete pm 






a 





Jog,” as being light aa air. «A long etay in harbour had brought out the 
Tae voppers oat ecotte luted oie ida in the oer at a 
when we set sail, and as for henrts, the blie ES at Deal 
ten in ie eh of the black eyes we should moet with in our next 
& The res days'oF ee as but little change of | 

ing passed in “putting to rights,” and the course down Channel 
afar only the peor Al ’s white cliffs, the view of which is 





hailed with so much delight in returning up Channel afters long cruise, 
‘They are not of the same interest when we ure outward-bound. To 
be sure, we might have had some fan when we hove in of they 
Eniperar’s flotilla, ; 


it (i ei hihernc shovel te Downs and Dover Straits, until she 
took her departure the Reh ey 
ter.” Thie dull monotony of sea and sky, which to 





EXTRACTS FROM A ORUISER'S LOG, 447 


insufferable, gives to the “man-of-war's-man” new life ; he feels him. 
self on his field of action, and the quiet at the hendland {s lost in 





therefore trim, endea ; ing that 
Ran perpen ate Oe Ele ag 





dram was ordered to summon every man to his quarters, and the ship 


in complote order for the expected action. 

eye Gadi nanttancd santhay ox von’ oouces fn wil We bod last agen 
Shawtangers gurrring all ths. eull we, ofcld, sehen shy wes agela seen 
Higgs sin darkness bak batt doreked Mi during thy chase. be 


succeeded by that t uivocal announcement of ous 
rad phasing does A dag aaid Metal elanoa preeat 


ERESe 

He 
Ear 

Hey 
£ ie 
Hae 
a ogee * 
: al 
fii; 
ible 


i 
ef 
i 
E 
iB 
i 
H 








6 - EXTRACTS FROM A ORUIS! 

a sound of musketry, was kept up with animation on both 
for hour, when the slackening fire of 

lee rth Paerpe pee 


ae 
la already did we mark the sure 
te vjcesed chore to cosape, tail an-quiekly. wore ro beratte attempts antici~ 


il 


our 

To Eh air, abarp o2 lon ‘as it Insted, I have no stronger proof 
coolness and courage to carotin ret deg killed and wounded 
‘ourerew, than that whic was exkilited by a live tallor, who, 
upset for a time, kept a whole skin throughout. the action: 
snip was a ely, n-hearted, rather ancient fellow ; one of that 
Jont and efficient body, the marines. Having passed tho 
for the smart and active soldier, and having been initiated 
fal days into the art and mystery of sitting cross-legged and 
a which the naibdtlou: of is’ elder -erowthy prouspea. 
change for ‘a musket, he was deputed hole-stop; ye to the rod 
and white wimentionables of his detachment. “Snuff was meat, 
and clothing to him; he could not exist withont it, and he 
nufactured it admirably from the dried stalks of his shi 
tobacco-leuves, and favoured it with such aromatics asthe 
loplolly-boy of the ship aiforded, His composition certainl 
rivalled that of Lundyfoot nor Blackguard, Pontet nor 

von a long. voyage, =, & ghias of Frog have E 
a 


as 


i 


i 
Bt 


i 


fF 


i 


if 


H 


with the tailor ee Toxury sie It _ never been my. re 
tune to i ow a tailor ight in his + person 
that he wil fight, and mnafally too, when transformed into n soldier, 
the following fact will testify. Our gallant botcher.general 


i 


quartered nt ono of the main-deck guns; in the early part of 
encounter, a cannon-shot entering the port-hole, and striking 
very gun, in which jt made a strong indentation, split into 
‘dealing death and destruction upon all within the cirele of thelr 
‘similar in effect to the bursting of a shell ; almost every man 
gun was either killed, wounded, or for the moment stanned, and 


E 


i 


Be 


: 


himself upon that part of his frame, with the perfect. use of which 
habit had made him so intimately nequainted, and coolly i 

his never-foiling volace, the enuff-box, applied a hearty pi each 
Pieced ringing from the tailor’s to the soldier's: ion, he man- 
fully scized the + a5 his remaining comrades were to 
run out their gun, exclaiming, “ Now, here’s ut her agai 

incident, which, in the heat of the battle, created mine and even emula- 
tion within the immediate circle of its occurrence, lost, as it may be well 


PETITION ON THB PRESENT NAVAL UNIFORM. 449 


supposed, nothing of its interest in circulation. The old tailor became a 
greater favourite than ever; supplies of tobacco-stalks for the manu- 
ry poured in from every mess; and his own officer, with whom he 
was deservedly in esteem, did not forget to assist him, after the action, 
with a remedy for the parching sensation he complained his throat ex- 
prvienced from the effect of the fire and smoke ;—before turning into 
ia hammock, however, he coolly seated himself in his cross-legged po- 
sition to stop a shot-hole in the canvass trowsers of the boatswain’s- 
mate. 


A COMMANDER'S PRTITION ON THE PRESENT 
NAVAL UNIFORM. ‘ 


"Tis rumour'd that, for my Blue Brethren in arms 
‘The full dress, as at present, has not many charms, 
The fair, too, don’t like it, a reason sufficient 
Our good King, God bless him! should now be petition'd. 
As it cannot deprive the poor people of beer, 
‘Make the currency change, or cause bread to be dear, 
Hurt the very fine feelings of those who with axes 
Would lop off the debt, and cut down the taxes ; 
In short, as it can't cause expense to the nation 
‘To make in out raiment a smal alteration 
I pray you, my Lords, to give ear to my wish 
Je mare aa Task uot for loaves or for fuhes..” 





‘As white is, when dirty, unseemly to view, 
Change our linings, cuffs, collars from that unto blue : 
Our coat's skirts’ white lining us always beseeches 
To keep it aloof from the blue of our breeches ; 

‘And with good reason too, for tis always in fear 

‘The trowsers its delicate surface will smear ; 

‘The blue trowsers complain in return, it is said, 

‘That they wofully suffer when skirts are pipe clay'd. 


‘As the builders adorn square and round sterns of ships, 
Let us be adorn’d, too, on our coats at the hips ; 

Let sailors, I pray you, have orders to put on 

Each point of each pocket its proper-sized button. 
Why force us to scud under pockets so bare 

As those are which now we're all order'd to wear ! 


A sword belt of blue silk to gird round the waist, 
Gut or inside our coats, would be more to our taste 
Than the black belt of leather, worn next to the shirt, 
Which, blow hot or cold, must imbibe from it dirt. 
And all know the value of making it last 

Long clean in long cruises, as proved in times past, 
Wiile blockading the French Heets in Brest or Toulon, 
When the whitest of linens were whitey-brown grown ; 
Let the silk belt be worn when all in full feather, 
Undress’d let it be, as ’tis now, of black leather. 


All I want, I have now in due order demanded, 
Let all things else be as at present commanded, 
Except as we're mostly round-shoulder'd, flat-chested, 
Onur coats, when in undress, may be double-breasted. 
March 12th, 1830. A Commas. 


450 


COLLOQUIBS WITH ROLARD, +e 
NO. th, an: 


“There needs no ghar, my Lord, de tom te pire 
To tell ws this.”—Suacavsann. 
4 Bsvovv me again,” said my shadowy visitant, “at your bidding, 
ae This is is really an honour, ay doar Chevalier,” said 1, struggling to 








svg at hin enue whieh Dave so little right to". wt 
truce with ceromonious greetings, x: wat Bae, » 
Sie yoettie dh tealiagsaet he ce 
‘Btes amigas y soldadon ay 
‘Complimintos son.escusados:" wikia 


on owe me, in sooth, little gratitude: for renewing oe 

Trace whieh, while it suits my amie to cultivate,—for, * still 

= live their wonted bee —auey pe dn a fe Xpose you to the inconve- 
je conve 


ary of so hae done 
“By the way ve done ie interdict your your: besceyae 
ici ‘mous, aire of from again uy our privuoy. 
had but maqucain wo are ‘@ retreat the other nigh arbor tYiad 
“ You need be under no alarm, either for the” ‘your 
Shion aor am intrudi: Posie seed or yet 2c Soman 
is suspectit ie tm a com 
Py not @ man tod cre un indeed, cae 








And now, revenons a: nox moutons & 
2ois Tee needlesaly to determine throu 





be enbh 
jation 
tree the rude dawn of modern tactics from the siaetead 


array of the middle ages— 
“ Strange !” interrupted I, that you cote ‘be able to <iion cron 
in absence, my unuttered cogitations. spirits must have: queer 


sources of Information ; and I would ‘ain ak oe 

“ Ask nothing out of order, and digress not from the record, said 
Fell bs icious interlocutor, with more of sternness and sol rin his 

Thad yet heard him assume. “In my ages it was held for 
Title lens than fone ‘ungentle dixcourtesy) to the free measure of 
voluntary confidenée by trenching upon the limitsof an/dbvious reser= 
ration, Once for‘ lev me adjure yo, if you wonld ptosecate with 
my aid your resoarchos into the noblest of the scienver, ipod a 
or with idle inquirics into the secrets of the Defect hounen a te 
1 bowed in silence to the reproof. sa 

“Is it not as T say, that, in asdaming upon our on nt nner, the 
Atalian _qyars of the early part of the sixteenth contnry far they first 
school of modern science, you have found a pony, ba in the 
ditficulty of following out the previous transition from the tumultuary 
warfare of the feudal militia, to the establishment of something like 
bodies of regular stipendiary infantry 2” 





COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD. 451 


You have sc Pgemer my embarrassment. To deduce an i 
into the stato art from any period, without referring to its pre- 
vious condition, seems but an arbitrary aud um cal S 
2 “Yet this, like all other sciences, but follows the course of Nature 


"Be Xedos BB v4 jbaoh cs NUE bho: 
Nog bebe "AiBip wal “Hyopy dEppiorro. 





here 1 which, 

if the attempt were practicable, it would ill repay us to penetrate.” ~ 
Now, how the Plague the Chevalier came by his Gi it surpasses 

my power to se 

to trust to the 


1 was too discreet to offend him by mooting farther question of 
hee in the world of spirits. 

“ Thold the tuctics—if they deserve the name—of the middle ages, 
=o paneer RE such perfect contempt,” continued m: 
companion, “that I shall not. stop, for an instant, to eommant an. they 


“ Alas, then, for the. age and the glory of chivalry !” 

“As the school of honour and courtesy, that institution deserves the 
reverence of every modern soldier tleman; and nswuredly it 
wold ill, become a chevalier of France, al all, to derogate from ita 
raise: but, as a school of warfare, chivalry searcely demands even a 
tnention ia the history of the science. Its genius, as have I think 
yourself, my friend, somewhere bre, was prem 
and, be no system of tactics where the individual prowess 
of leaders sufficed to determine the fate of armies. There was a high« 
mindedness, wspirit: of generous devotion in the warriors of chivalry, 
that threw a Justre their exploits; and we may still with 
ardent admiration at the achievements of the Black Prince, Du Gues- 
clin, Chindos, Lalbot, and Dunois ;—true knights, faithful, brave, and 
loyal they undoubtedly wore, but no masters in the art of war." * ; 

“ Then at what precise epoch, or signal event, should we really date 
the transition from the mero melée of the chivalric combat, to some- 
thing like the formation eso strutegical order of battle? We 

i 


cannot hal are itto the 
the change had already been wrought before thelx commencement.” 
“Lknow not why wo ha hare the common opinion, to which 
4, and which refers the first rude 


owing tothe mountainous eburacter of their country as to their poverty, 
tnd. the, devonmertie. fon, of. theta socket). a7a8 2 erat 
of infantry alone; and the victories which their phalanx of pikemen 
achieved against panoplied chivalry. DS ay ae 


: ‘hein ranpe ajorhighvenstation thrwaguank acta: sehiia 
Se arty lone al nit bernie eee cone 
cated the example of their urray to other nations. Our Louis XT. was, 





A * Quarterly Review, vol. nav. " 


a al 


COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD. 


I believe, the pete eee a Farge ee aud Maxi. 
‘milian of Austria shortlyimitated the 
‘was unquestionably the origin of the mirage sie 
and such the ions whereupon that aru first regained they 
esteem In which it had been held by the Cees one =r 

nie 


«Bat th invention of fire-arms sin muta eld ore a 


the 
* Perhaps,” said the Chevalier Sailing see 
eplalot to judice in favour of the ey when teats 


arms, bad atin te aicae ra ete scien 
or, res a8 ie ope the same natural of strategy 
that had gre ke Grecian and Toman art: Assuredly the Bur- 
gurseda oie wens ia‘ee part effected elther by artil~ 
which they had none—or yot by small eglsd ch peepeeen 
ranks were only, even at a much later’ period, brani | 
proportions wit ‘the i¢ pike, By that latter 
ii wou. Still more remarkable is it, —e 
certainly ‘been in use full n centu anda bal and the 
musket, or “hand-cannon,” at least 1 
ce napa ea ae tiles these Iavenih bsp te = 
sensible influence, ei went pea peed 
until events unaided by s mys fe brought infantry 
‘The arquebusier was still without protection against # chakge 
Warmerie, until he fought in the phalanx of pikes. ‘Then, indeed, the 
‘arquebuse und musket became terrible auxiliaries to the ‘armes blanches 
in the bands of a firmly arrayed infantry <—but not before at la infin 


‘try hnd been already ort, i would conten 
West loner ondecs Geaticg was ane ree eae beater Ey) 
dit nor foto he Emeeh i recat cad chalga 
ina a half, 
‘any efficient adoption of the invention by half w —— ‘more 5 or, in 
other words, that swith the ik, nd ot tbe arb, cite 
first modern revolution, or rather restoration, military 
“ Yet you will surely nllow that, even 40 earh first 
the sixteonth century, the iacressed proportion of fire-arms 
introduced a ‘the infantry, had a most important and: a ae 
ence on the revolution of the art: if it were worth defining accurntely, 
Tshould hold, that the rise of a infantry was upon 
the union of arquebuse and pike, instead of placing the hater wood 
goodly ‘of the old bands in ‘in envious See ghente, 
“The veers Tam ready “ rane bere 
“may not any great moment in our inquiry. It is more 
tothe matter, that we proceed to note how, as soon as the Sule bad 
established the character of their ee and to — a 
trade of its services to the highest bidder, their 
mans, who shared their poverty and their martial spirit, were rane 
LSE Raat tattered of Lanzkneohts, 
'y foot, ay on the Italian stage, eimultane- 
Sai + with the Hire hired. crits By those means it was that a regular 
iAipesdiary infantry had just grown into vogue, at the precise juncture 





COLLOQUINS WITH POLARD. 


: 
i 
£ 
d 
Hl 
E 
i 
ig 


7 a 
of rivalry in Italy. On thot theatre, also, for the first time, was exhi- 
Bh nt ewe dc ee CS relbalgesi prises 
‘The pare eter me imfantry of Senta 
Sean acinchettety ta expiily, ther wn rant ot aliens tieaeles 
which:they had learned to.) The Sp: i 
by the example of their rivals, and the necessity of encountering them 
‘upon equal terms, to create a national infantry, which, by its 
gua of pin va, prod by hy tls oft lena 


it beeper ie 
lingering co of a gallant nobility for the service that bad 


still shown in the dispro- 


of the infantry increased ; and the main body of a OF BATTLE, 
as.it was expressively termed, which, in the foudal array of the middle 
squfini’ Born feted axcloslsely of the chivalry, was now composed of 


“ Admitting these genoral remarks for all the explanation that may 
bogiven of the chango which had. beea peopared in warfare before the 
P flay by Charles VIN. in th ye 1404, cue 
speak with certi from contemporary authorities, of the ic 


2 
i 
& 
4 
: 


oN" Doubtless there is here no Inck of materials : the tactics, i 


which that school of warfare produced can be minutely studied only 
in the battles and operations of some thirty Italian cainpaigns; but the 
eq and the nature of the of which the armies of the 


‘various nations were composed, may, in the outset, be more briefly 
defined, And here wo hare, for the nonce, to begin with, the most 


Yong eal cary. You must bre rot to wi sine our 
re in wi Peolo tl ri 
ary of 1 the ead fia tenes faso ‘the * aoneeal 








454 COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD. 


and clothed in ui of varlous Sica Teal inblrs 
were distinguished by the waving plumes ob Dae area 
the front ranks of the soldiery, too, were, provided. with eabques 
cuirasses ; but the reat were without defensive armour. 
Hara sate eh olan nda poe 
stron buts 
mingled, in the proj Seuss fowth, falleriaoLEamcceeae 
but ami an axe as well.as a both for cut and thrust 5 
and to every thousand pikemen and ors a a com 
of one hundred. musketeers: these brave ond disciplined 
the crossbio and | 


marched the Gascon Wemen, 
and other inferior infantry, there were in all about, fourteen: a 
‘Tove were flowed again by the gens daymerie, tho: gallant chivalry: 


of Francs, componed of the fawer of the -xbiliey de 

of Tella tick allen nitisased ghdst coeteeeaadisth 
re eo een 

ee 

‘twenty-five bunt 


hter cavalry, equi cnirass, L with the: 
brmcmeel pi as nina rtillenys thai onli 
‘before been seen, completed formidable array.* itecunsisted of 
thirty-six pieces of-large brass aes besides culvering 
falconets, and other Tighe a ordnance. It was only three bouré:past noon 
when the yanguard of the French army began. to enter 
various continued. to file into er city, until) 
nightfall; the torch-light which. ned on the arma; suite: u 
developed the dark masses of the muller y» adds Giovio;: throvwlngea 
wild and lurid character aver the scene, A) augmenting the tern 
otis of the spectacle.” 40> secutive walteet 
“ This description is unquestionobly alt the most 
je passage that can any where be found, as 
of the art Pap age, The acer had. covidently leon dared 
historian under the fres! itement of that surprise: ripe 
introduction af a novel 





‘years was deduced f fea this aie iat fact, all therde= 
tile rks are worth ia the iets and 





Seale ee a ctllery Ml iooagss 
mci tent om 





. 
COLLOQUIES WITH POLABD, 455 


Fra in rape tg a Spanish 


wwedles, | 
o& Yet, Chevalier, there is certuinly a little diffioury in recon eiling: 
this fuctof the early adoption of the pike by the Fates ecient 
‘sonie cont ry ucoounts of their armament: Pah of combat~ 
ing; espe » for example, at the battle of Ravenna, where Guicci- 
ardini ‘seems to iitimate it, in their collision with the Lanzknechts, 
Fate ber with sword and buckler. You will remember that, 


tier bye. 


‘ese ea tate ati trtata dalla Graicane ferma delle tes 
@ Joro alla Innghexea delle le, e molti degli Spag= 
a oe dagli seadi, ontrati con i pu; tra le jambe doi Tedes- 
Set ogee ‘uccisione pervenuti gia quasi a mcsso le 
this it ire pa that the Spanish infantry were 
the pile yet Immediately 
cia death of the gallant Gaston de Foix, Ma fell ina 
these same Spanish bands, Guicclardini himself tells us 
brorareed Pingo was ain bythe thrust of «ple: feria dl aa 
oes fianco fu ammazazato.” 
% meV ext it: is difficult to reconcile this contradiction, Lau weer 
lexity, eee Bite serine pue Mlachiavalll 
true tat it vel a 
cee edaerar Wal, ued lotra> donbh oe the toe a a 
— [hey as a sperm acurcel; hate been mis= 
om 808i le a fact,—that the | ‘s 
Infonet = Spa inf 





“attributes the success of the Spanish arm imit 
arrays) a the question, after Soe merely fs 
for it is) bands, at least, before the end of the 
Leer nd onrl ld the latter weapon and “ieceted 
fo buokler:"/*) 
* We must, therefore; 1 suppose," said 1, ‘be contented to observe 
that the pilee and two- | halberd, with its cutting stecl-axe an: 


F & 


of the 


i 
, 
3 
Hf 
i 
i 
i 
E 


4H] 
i 
l 
é 
i 
F 
j 


f 


i 
i 


ria 
ES 

4 
lt 
‘a 
uF 
4 


COLLOQUIRS WITH FOLARD. 


F 
: 
[ 
i 
i 


contem| 
the art.” 


& 


To resume, however," enid tho Chevalier with a sigh, “/ ounoame 
feenis type Shae ipsa oF cba ite fh seach ey 


same ranks with the pike, and which, a& they were: in 


in 


quantity, nally led tothe displacement, first of 
‘ Esper die pap OF the various of hee 
arms, the enrliest ‘hand-gun,’ or at Jeast that principally im use, w 


‘the arquebuse, whic 


ch seem to have answered. more to the mo. 


dern carbine than anything else. We find it ‘the weapon of 
the hwo eel aya ofthe ii nae en 


ofan bour teoad 


Tralian Black Bands, 


been, as we know, « most ponderous and uma 


have 
for in its pristine state, it required full aquarter 


and discharge its it was always fired ona rest; and 


even so late as his days, Montécucali insists on the n Ee] 
viding the musketeers, to make their aim the steadier, with: 
support, and recommends that it be furnished with spear-points, 50 


that, when planted, it may serve as a defence 





combustible store of ‘ ammunition and match,’ and can you conceive a 
ing mére encumbered and defenceless? And when, in addition to — 

‘the one tardy tion of the piece, you consider, in the diss 

charge, how clumay and uncertain was this expedient of the mateh, — 


COLLOQUILS WITH POLARD. 


407 


me 


ag 


iniLY & a feat pluteel 
hue 
$2 ze 23 3 
ee HE if 
i ple Ste it 

& 3s 
7 ce 

THE zi 
i Hl 
Rae Huple 
nal REEF 





i 
ae z He 
ahd He 
dials z uae 
eh 
He uu ve 
Ha i ny 
3 rage is AIH ak 


458 COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD. 


verty which was national to both people. But it ix remarkable that 
i infantey—eepecially the Sint bends which landed in Ttaly 
eq 


prevailed among them for years later—were in 


«—Casque and morion, 
“ Vambrace, and cuish, und corselet,’ 
almost as heavily as the mounted gens d'armerie.” 

These brassris and culses forthe arms at legs must one would 
Sunagine, have rendered the movements of such an infantry exceedingly 

ww. 

“ Yet, individually, the Spanish foot soldier, like the Roman, was 
remarkable for personal agility so by use may the human frame be 
prepared for any incredible exertion." And to this equipment in com- 

lete armour, with the buckler superadded, was the superiority mani- 

by the Spanish infantry ut Ravenna mainly imputed by Muc« 
chiavelli and others.” . 

“With respect to the array and equipment of the cavalry, of which 
we are next to speak, I apprehend that the composition of this force 
had yet undergone little cated since the feadal times. 
the Italian campaigns, the main body or reserve of cavalry imerety 
cece -Wal‘coeaincel ct Reavy went dormer completely caw fa 
plate armour ; and as its number continued to be lances, 
am attendant force of lighter cavalry was usually implied in ent 
meration ; to each heayy-armed cavalier who ed, par 
the lance, several more lightly equipped horsemen being attached. 
And even after this custom of computing by lances fell into distse, it 
may be seen by the regulations of the Emperor Charles V. to whic: I 
just now referred, that the pay: and light cavalry were mingled in 
the came ranks: for it was there directed, that under every =or, 
aa we should now say, in every squadron—of cavalry, there should be 
sixty cuirassiers, or lancers, armed at all points, one hundred nnd twenty 
demi-lances, and sixty light horse with long urquebuses. The Vene= 
Sein tele their Stradiotes, or Seven cavalry, had set the a) 
example in these wars of employing light horse as disti | 
it was imitated by several of Ti cetdettior who raised: bodies of 
native Italian light cavalry: but the custom of mingling completo 
cuirassiers, wl armed with lance or the sword only, demi-cuiras~ 
siers, and arquebusiers, or carbineers, all in the same ranks, contil 
‘80 late as to excite the reprehension of Montécueuli. For he thinks it 
necessary to recommend, that the ea of different description should 
be formed into distinct regiments, according to their armament; leaving 
tn easel the purges of aa tp Wik apes 
tion a the mutual support. Wit 
to the lance, he explains why had ceased in his times to form the 
principal weapon of the cavalry:—the difficulty of omy with 
effect w.lieavy gens d'armerie this equipped, except on a firm soil and 
unenclosed plain, For the same reason, the weight of the ced 
cuirass, with its appendages reuching over the hips, had caused it to 
be discarded for the demi-cuirass; and the cuisses were laid aside as 
they were found to gall the horse, while the immense weight of the 
whole armour often produced n sore back, and overpowered with fa- 


COLLOQUIES WITH POLARD. 459 


‘igne both animal and rider. In short, to be musket proof in all its 

the armour of the complete cuirassier required a weight and 
thickness. far id thut of the chivalric days, and therefore altoge- 
ther inaw ible ; and if each piece were San eee ae eerines 
of iron which were forced into the body only made gun shot wounds 
‘the more dangerons.” 

“ Hence, therefore, altogether was it that the morion, or open casque 
and the demi-cuirass, or breast and back-piece only, instead of the com= 
plete service of body armour, were adopted for the sole defence of the 
cavalier, and the heavy lance was exchanged for the long and straight 
pointed sword :—or, in other words, the man-at-arms was converted into 
our modern cnirassier.” 

“ Obviously: but we have been anticipating the changes of a later 
age, At the period before us, the heavy cavalry, a3 I have already said, 
were still completely cased in steel, fought for the most part with 
the lance; while even a portion of the lighter cavalry were equipped 
with the demi-catrasa and demi-lance and sword. Some (= Te lense 
also of the light eavalry were armed with, first either the long-bow or 
arbalest, an siteoranil more commonly the arquebuse, or carbine,” 

“ And thus, in fact, with fire-arma, as with the ermes blanchee, the 
equipment of the light cavalry became that of the heaviest part of the 
same force in the following age, while the gens @armerie altogether 

from the stage, The ‘demi-lancier’ and arquebusier were 

josed into the euirassier and carbineor : as for the dragoon- 

Proper, le was originally no more than a mounted musketcer with 
bandolier and half pike," 

“ Yes: but here again you overrun the record into the inventions 
of a later nge. Let me recall you to the last point which we proposed 
for notice in the composition ond armament of troops in these Italian 
campaigns :—their artillery. To enumerate all its varictica by name.” 
__‘ You surely do not mean, my dear Chevalier,” said 1, with an im- 
ploring look of despair, “ to fatigue yourself with all the items ina 
», which embraced every creature of prey that flies or crawls: 
for, in the words of one of your favourite jek of the olden school, 
there be scarcely bird, or beast, or serpent, that hath not given its 
name to some craft, or ice Of artillery.” 

“Softly, my friend: 1 was going to say, when you interrupted me, 
thet to entmesate all the varieties of artillery it the infancy of the urt, 
were an endless task ; for the calibres were multiplied in the ratio of 
their inefficacy. ‘The kinds and nature of field ordnanes principally in 
use, during the Italian wars, however, it may be as well just w men- 
tion ; and it is singular enough, that their names were ull borrowed 
fry the falcon and serpent genera: whether, as an old author has 
‘observed, to denote the cruel violence, the swiftness, or the deadly na= 
ture of their effect. Hence the falcon, the falconet, the suker, (from 
pee tee hs testes pls tps oa alee eee 

same conceit, its derivat 0 ‘talian lay & 2% 
we have the culverin, (couletivre,) basilisk, aspick, 
med from the serpent tribe, To pass, however, from 
touches of etymology, you. need. note only thatthe cennen 
or whole cannon as 1t was called, threw a ‘of some forty 
vee Retripee sadn cal ith, tho eet -epnaate ead whole: calreriag tes 
ana 








i 








Pe 
E 


460 COLLOQUIBS WITH FOLARD- 


ior to that of later times.” 
Bae eee Guicciardint assigns 5 Lee country 
men t jour of the first im| ents in artillery, Tn the opening 
of his history, Peticie: Delors he proce with his narrative of the inyas 


but in its operations the artillery of the ‘axtoonth eentury was immens 
surably infexi 3 


numbers the changes which they had effected in the 

savipen Se ee ee ee ae One 
army become most formidable. They hid rendered their artil 
“di tal sorte che iammai non aveva veduta Italia la simigliante. "Th 
hod cast their cannon lighter, and substituted iron shot for the 
ses ee fest ted know from other sources that 

already invented a travellin, carriage on two wheels, 
was pameith to a limber Sek ie ie Fay form; they — 
dranght horses, as the historian notices, Tatead of bullocks, the 
Ttalians, for My train ieee ina he = edt their ~ were 
0 expert and active, that tl with incredible rapi effect, 
tail gendered these machines «more infernal than husnan, es uscfal 
battles as in sieges.” ‘4 

“* This report of Guicciardini entirely agrees with the declaration of 

Giovio, that Italy had never seen the like of the train of artillery which 
accompanied the 


for the mechanical arts was er than his love of by 
his attention to the foundry of cannon, had created the finest \ 
f the age, How materially his urtillery contributed to tho French 
a at Ravenna you nced not be reminded.” 

* You have auitted in your enumeration one curious species of field 
artillery, which the §; Saleh s on thut occusion? Pietro Na~ 
wari, ah we 270 told by Gules i, had, intermingled among his in= 
fantry, thirty chariots, or waggons, bristled with spears, on which a 
variety of ae ‘ordnince—such as hacquebettes, of the nature of 

Il pieces, it is to be presumed—were mounted ; nor was 
t uncommon, I think, in the defence of a position.” 
“Te was not; and indeed the quentity of small artillery, such as 
sakers nnd falconets, employed by arinies in the field, seems to have 
been ay i eee But the battering traina used in 
still consisted of only a very few heavy and unmanageable pieces of 
ordnance; and when we view their concentration of 
slow upproaches, and their feeble heads of attack, uncannected 
parallels, or other places of arms and good cenen oS eee 
shall entertain but a very contemptible opinion of the state of the art 
Te be it was upon the same 
theatre that Navarra first introduced the subtle use inine,—or 
rather revived the science of antiquity, by applying the expansive force 


swivels or 


= 


NAVARIN IN 1825, 461 


wiler to its nid. But the whole subject of the attack and de~ 
fence of places, or the progress of the science of fortification from 
ancient to modern times, may one Ha Seema 6 da matter for our 
discussion, Meanwhile, putting aside the proper craft of the en= 
gincer, and the proper science of those 

——* Mortal engines, whose rude throats 

‘The immortal Jove’s dread clamours counterfeit, 


be our discourse limited to the general constituents and changements 
of strategy ; and having in these presents sufficiently delivered our 
verbosity on the armament and composition of troops in the school of 
Italian warfare, during the first half of the sixteenth century, reepare 

ic qualities of soldiers 


i 


We at our next meeting to discuss the characteristic 
Silelieitoh ware’ dlspleyed by tho: lovies af -aech atlas ‘an isuakras 
nowned field of action, and the system of tactics which is illustrated in 
their various wchievements.” 

. . . . . . . . 
®. hi. 
NAVARIN IN 1825. 


WHOM THE UNPUMLISHED JOURNAL OF A LATE NAVAL OFFICER. 


ON aj pene the const of Navarin, the first object that proclaim- 
ed care aty te the scene of the late pine a squadron of 
thirteen Egyptian men-of-war observed cruising off this point of the 
Morea. We soon passed through this squadron in the offing, and en 
tered the buy about sunset, where we found not less than forty-nine 
‘more vessels Asioe atanchor. The red flag was seen flying on nume- 
rots eminences, and on batteries which had been thrown wp round the 
town. Extensive camps whitened the hills towards the interior, and 
Nuvurin was completely invested by the forces under Ibrahim Pack. 
‘All hostilities had, however, ceased ; a8 the Greeks, a few days pre: 
vious to our arrival, had capitulated, and were waiting the arrival of 
vereels to iced them to Calamata, whieh the Pacha had on ide 
seed to doat his own expense. Until their stipulated embarkation, 
the Greeks were allowed to keep their own flag flying on the citadel 
ae battlements of the place, while their late beslegers kept their posi- 


ions 
‘The bay, or rather the harbout of Navarin, is one of the best and 
Fine ‘extensive in ore ee in the Pie ob clea 
i ry as bei a most gallant combat between 
tena jwmonians and Athenians oe Just of whom com= 
memorated their conquest free erection of a statue to Victory at 
Pa fea) ‘which stood on the main Jand, at the Jesser or northern entrance 
the harbour. In ages prior to this event, the famed Nestor is said 
to have held here the seat of his government, and dispensed wisdom 
Bal one from the foot of the Aigalean hill, In the distant bosom 
of ‘ous harbour lies the island of Sphacteria, uffording at each 
end an entrance between it and the main land, on the southern arm of 


+ Betwoen the Grecks and the Turco-Egyptians under Ybrahim Pucha. 





462 NAVARIN IN 1825, 


which is situated the town of the present or new Nayarin, The town 
is bot an Inconsiderable and may contain about 4000 inhabit~ 
ants. It is, like other Turkish towns, surrounded with a w 

about twenty fot high whoa sf and ened by several nd 


ha embrasures, and m a oe 
cupying the rs ing the oro slide oft extant ate 
the r, yet being overlooked by the hills and heights in the rear, 


among which the cone-heuded Temasthia ix the most conspicuous, 
the 


i 
J 
3 
i 
4 
i 
} 
i 


the protection of a fleet, Thus protected, however, 
batteries built on the north side of the entrance, it would 


E 
i 
i 


i 





‘one of the finest ports in the world, being several miles in cireum- 
ference, and having a most extensive anchorage. The Scala, or landing 

place, is a good way up the hurbour, and about two hundred from 

‘the walls of the town; and from it the embarkation of the pris 
soners took place, on the day after our arrival. ae 

Being desirous to witness the evacuation of the place, our party 

» were on the ground early in the forenoon. The gate of the town p= 

ite to the Scala had been opened sometime previona to our landing, 


and about half-way between a breaching buttery and the 
body of Grocke wore son huddlod together, and wait 
muzzles of some hundreds of Arab musketry, the arrival of 
from his pavilion, to superintend their embarkati 
time a great ‘bustle and naise took place among the 
who hind collected from the different eamps, to see the 
Jeaving the walls which they had so long and so abl 
from the direction to which every eye was turned, the cause. 

aes was soon made paeniet oe ne aa his pis 
making their appearance on t hill in the rear of the town. 
Hewes woustel om x besutitl: Arvbion, and! fram ’the eteMioae ge 
the animal's trappings, and the distance at which the rest of the reti- 
ug fllowod bi, the Pacha was euly detingothed cneng 


a 
int 


de 


very soon felt his displeasure, for he seized large stones from the ruin- 
‘ed jalls beside him, and, with his own hands, threw them at their 
unlucky heads;—a strange mode, I thought, for a Prince to correct 
ther is subjects o be soldiery.. ee ante Ha 

is dress was a green jacket, embroidered 3 an 
‘under vest of the same colour, fitting close to bis chest ; black p cele 
trowsers, with a coloured silk scarf round his middle; green sille em- 
broidered buskins, white stockings, and red moroceo slippers. He wore 
‘a lofty white and green turban, and his mustachios and beard w 
strong and dark. He was armed oy with a handsome . 
sabre, suspended by a silk cord over his right shoulder, He 
five fect six inches in height, very stout, of a complexion gto 
fair, marked with the small-pox, and apparently about thirty: 

eure 0 ‘ 

7 On his arzival at the beach be disnowated, und’ tho embark of 


NAVARIN IN 1825. 463 


the Greeks instantly commenced ; each one on passing the cores and 
the double line of armed soldiery, having his person examined 
of the Turkish officers, As there were upwards of one thousand of of 
these unfortunate éxiles, it took up a considerable time to inspoct them. 
‘The Greek officers alone were allowed to carry off their arms and 
military accoutrements ; and they, to the couaibes of twenty-five, fol- 
Las in the rear of their countrymen. The officers were mostly all 
ing men, and of active appearance ; they wore the Albanian -: 
5; and notwithstanding they were placed in such hw 
tein they did not appear to ta hea ine theta step und ofa 
oe for which the Greek mountaineer is so mac! 
ae ‘y walked with an indepen ae einige =e {hae 


throug sh the 1k Eye 
aid they cart one Ungoring'l va pag si cay tad oatly dereadot, 
‘and which disunion si ban ‘hair compatriots had compelled them, 
from want of supplies, to relinquish. What gave a colouring of distress 
and melancholy to the scene, was the care and tenderness which the 
exiles seemed to puy to their sick, wounded, and dying, some of whom 
were carried along on biers, and who seemed to be soon destined for 
another world; others were carried on the backs of their frienda, 
or in their fellow soldiers’ arms. It was also pitiable to see the 
vay in which six poor females, who had apparently only waited the 
result of the siege. were burdened with ling an household. 
furniture ; and even two little children were seen aaverth all that 
they could of ‘the remnants of their penates, and following the fate of 
unfortunate mothers. Amid the hurry and baw of such a 
scene; devotion for their religion was not forgotten, Several, with a 
pee at their head, were charged with the few valuable ornaments 
oe thelr church possessed, such us the lamps, cundlesticks, &c. and. 
‘man seemed to claim no other important charge but that of 
Seiad , which he had in a pee fit emblem of the condition 

of ite owner's country. The grenter port of the Greeks, though look- 
‘ing fatigued, were pone, and had had not apparently suffered much from 
the siege; some o! aged who were among them, recognised 
pao Ee ce coved of tartans aad swarthy Arabs; and 
fs tare put their hands to their Saas but ventor- 
price ia Frith nt, au a no of soldiers wns on each tide af thas. 
pANILANc pedevecingr seas condueted with great order, and not an ine 
sult was offered to any of the prisoners; not, perhaps, from want of 
Seatiationy if we might conclude from the nature of the war between 
ties. Any act of this kind would, no doubt, have called forth 
tte tal stretch of the Pacha’s displeasure ; since he tock several 
stones and struck the soldiers nearest to him, whose — 

‘to be only an eagerness to see ap rhh dersetpe es 
ss The men seemed to be well 
treatment ; without saying aimititioty ied eores ea fast 
ane le, out of his Highness py Every one of his movements 
Se cede tae eee and during the whole 
itanding: was crowded with more thin two 
thi ‘not a5) tne rar and every one afterwards 
to 

Wied all the Greeks bot embariel, Tienkiin soqunted) His hore, 





464 NAVARIN IN 1825. 


and, followed by his ministers, erals, Ke. started for 
peek he eh memo al apeees dl ots distant from 
bench, and under the shade of some olive and other trees. 


Prien ot a sekch od ee were, without any 
lependen D vi count en, itulation 
spp lont of Prtanee WP they’ hod held out 


a host, as well through of intimidation as encouragement 5 

Shougk, judging, frou: the already roused spire of the Creeley saat 

telumph will not have rang in their ears without a diferent effect, and 
the guns which shook this day the mountains of Messenia, must om 
Pretec tt patriot heart to fresh cnergies in the defence 
country. - 

ihe Exes; yoon efter the salute, éatered his tent, which Orecleal 

higher uttendsnts, he sat down 

His tent was spacious, and 





ae courteous, ordering seats, coffee, aud pipes. When these last 
were handed to the strangers, he ceased himself to smoke, and con= 





i a nearer 
Pinoy ee his a are round, robust, wa a o 
wil 3 i hi Irews 
Seen cpeitiog fis Rectadipccnarthetrectieg showing. 
o jo share of Unnatural irritability. His canour was mot 
marked with so much of that hauteur as might be expected from an 
‘Ottoman Prince, in the midst of an army of his vassal subjects. 





REMARKS ON MILITARY PUNISHMENTS. 


BY SR OFLDERT BhaNE, BANT. 


eral Members, in speed 
be re cruel and unnecessary ore and 
ina geani maa Teen laid aside by 





‘the poids of the whole civil community is contaminated 
wretches whom it is found necessary to sacrifice to its protection, 
wn Stay be fairly questioned, whether punishment dom a and break 


he objects of fte.‘This might sul tbe afiemed with regard 


wo ‘but it would argue the most childish and ignorance, fo 
compure the feelings of gentlemen of birth and ctacadoa wit ae oreaiae. 
rent rink in socie! i whee sh ei er Would it 
not be more ‘to compare the 


eas ‘been whipped at school, “That some eer el ing aoe to 
usin wh in school or in the arn; yt a pe eres in its 
fect but neither school-boy vor soldier ll boas any illewill to his master or 

provided the punishment has been justly inflicted, Nay, quite ar 





a Gite redeston will Se etic iexcauce and even 3 
wholesome effect of a little rigour in educating sod teulstnk Got. 
dicxs, will also hor this, Unk Inds who ae ed by over 
‘mistaken , seldom fail to become more undutifal and itl 
than those who have been bro ay some and with a due measure of 
ee cpr anaes oll auachment of the heart snd real respect 


com iucompatible with that contempt which attaches to an excess of lenity, 


ALi ot known wh ality there 
: gener kaown Se y was "bc 
eeurnents tbat tye mater ofthe Beth exalt way 6,170, tat that Of infantry 









Tho G jon and she 1 misted of | 230, ita, 1 80 
alae Ta an! Wea Hate a 
ed 1000, s0 sine ihe 
“ ‘This is of coueeexconve 
Oa the other aod, it appeata by 
ho with the: seals i 
Wart WG t0. ‘sural cnrtoneter 


“decount is taken fron an beh ih REY 





REMARKS ON MILITARY PUNISHMENTS. 


qrhethor among children or adult. We have beard of un officer being both 
" Tot nd fered Bu never of bring ove and de x 
farther corroboration of the su strong, 
sul ing prc may be aac ra ester Tipe 
penis Se 
by Prince Blucher to be about the person of the Di ake of W in 


=v ae 
‘The great sin which besets English soldiers and sailors is drunkenness, t% 
ine-tenths of all their imegularities are dircetly or indirectly impatable ; 





plored, being a veions dl 
super jo edie hee points of miliary See eo at he ee renders 
ishtentmore nce} wit us than inte other armies af Europ 

"Fishy unhappy propensity was preronly fit in the course of the Peninsu 

wat, particule Burgos, and that on Coruana, white 

To regardless of al wafhorify, broke open tbe vores of te army; acd fa 
ars of the inhabitants, in search of wine and piste, OF the pernicious effects 
of thet misconduct they themelyer were the Victims by the misery aod dank 

'; and 


ely 
dye an cree Se earait Desoepste ty any oy fre would 
ae oun ao by ne would ibe 90 Srachlly theowlolend ar iy the 
erie 
thre of France it ome ied ie i ery 
compu conseription, It is natural to this principle, men 
of a better moral description would ‘all to the lot of our rivals than ig 
Seton the frmer bung taken indir rom he population o all 
p ious of the consmnonelty, whone ebiaf ine 
ducement isthe Ture of'a high bousty. "The writer of this wishes 10 hak 
feotemen who host of thar ep love of erty and bunt al ace 
oh, greet udmirers of French fasliooo, wether, ia order to abo “a 
Thay sould vlllingly oommnate the method of levy by Dousties for tateheoae 


% poe ond 
caret 

of agreeing with one of his olficors, 
thought thelt courage wens rather {proved by sc TEs matt of / that 
* be neil rally Eas, OES Sk GR familianty be- 

hid es 


lowest than among the Hite 
‘best illustrated by an Hp iti the writer of this 
joy ieces of information, from the offices of that gay an =e a he 
were brought on board of the Admiral's ship as rience; along Wie 





REMARKS ON MILITARY PUNISHMENTS. 67 
saGrio, the eben te Fae te ‘The French 
{Eested uetee te ld rpiar) i peeoumalle rr at ey weal be 

mean un it 
‘more panel ood at fon tn spears 
rank in England. ‘That i isnot so, bower, ‘any more than in the 


life, ie none of those decorams: 
eben 
veer ‘is observed than any baie! else 1 know, | at the of St. 
(a Set esos pu 


ae 
2 
Ae 
a Eee 
zee 
Z 
2 
be 
Hite 
i 


ie - 

But with all this familiarity and laxity of discipline, does the Fess 
‘ey anymore than at land, Hight etter than the Baglishinan, who observes the 

il demeanour to his officer? On this point, to the evidence of 

fe weiter of this will add that of his own personal testimony, At the 

Bae eo ee 





ips a8 to sce the French canneries throw ama thei and 
quarters, while our men stood 0 their 
help digressin Liege! to relate 
gel ei Sie Charles Doug 
duties are analogous to those of the ihijaant Ge sm a eg 
‘national manners in the otis upper and 
i Charles was the most accomplished sea officer the writer of 


‘to guns in the navy, alvo a better method of traversing guns, and other i 
ments. His Loanfe Ts explaining this paradox was, tl ita French 

considered ae by his trea in so immeasurable a distanoe from 
that there could be no danger of blending so wide a Coa} 
Mar with his valet, common ie a as he would be 





‘iad aout mi ee recalaraet ndvise him, 
0 ‘an officer as Sir Charles Douglas, he himaclf being almost al in 
such bad health, either from illness or convalescence from the gout, from 








468 REMARKS ON MILITARY PUNISHMENTS. 
be 





nown rae soon i gh aa en mo ey ti rae 


unjust agyressi sce lato pos bu pmpreeh 

pay delet yl Beets: es mains fom the most s 
tbraldoc retth, whigh ‘tha, ofvlige! world, was ‘ver threatened 5 and at the 
thoughts of which every British bosom must swell with rational exultation. 


part which his country has acted in effecting this cas oaia glorious: 
summation. 


In order duly to oe the value of military discipline, let us take a cure 
Remi of ancient warfare. 






isting this Tavis wien threatened with this at No such ten. 
lerness was shown in war; for we find iu their Masry constant allusion. 





mnishment, tien) flogging, which formed, not 
po gpa Saige Toman discipline ae did hey crite gs 
ivi for i appear, tat is was in pracuce dang the as 
well us et the sayin The gather, who is oat fall on 

in bis elaborate stitutions. le cnucnerates a variety. i 
ppetepes ed oer ry by nga, ac es opie in the 


ee compelled to march with to eat standing, to be me 
frou the cavalry to the iti But for the more rave offence 
aporieminyties a Gee ie sees cal Faria ht 
their system, there waa an ofl, called Fu - 
a from his namo, was ea ot Pee a ora 
legion, to superintond these punishments. Under his eye they oy note ae 


tised iin the ‘taupner of running the ganilat Cor saiher gaat 
‘ocehia sorely Ini ‘his tod or codghl nose the shouldess of Tee 


* This term is inded of two words of Teatonic \ 
Se ne ee ee et ee 
Oi Is it joke» for there can be “asa 

ise lane fhe ad uc Ca - 

ward 1V. steiking a. t, the hoir ih Broo lager wt sul 
quoted! by historians as an instance of brutal emuolty and sasolence. 








le itis al HE LE Hal a 
; fn Hin A 
cee | intl al ih [a Hi a eile 
pile huna pa ale Wis yell ea] 
ne ay cee eaten ee 
zee Ujena its lnc han 
: is fas Mites Ba HH EE ie Hi 
; ule HE lin pal italia 
lady Hee ia a| Hulls 
Rea i Pa 
ise eS 3 3 2 due 
Hah atl Lag Eny AEE He 








470 RRMARKS ON MILITARY PUNISHMENTS. 


trond he iow pan of he mer fh wy ei 
The sanction or counivaiice.of the Couststhemasiveh, the Be 


SSE no doubt, convinced him of his error. If, on tha 
of want of sel{-command, there is soma 
of human eed 





th mol ofall sir das = eer 
‘No impeachment is the purity of the motives of those 
fembers of the oles = ir m3 this discussion, On the 
the writer of this has an unfeigned respect for those who boldly, 
and with the best intentions, forward motions in favour of the p 
Parl and. the tne of unnecessary public expenditure ; a 


fd 
ky 
aH 
ae 
Hy 
rae 
a 


‘There meen itlemen with all the advantages of Teasning: 
and speculat miatiy Pee ior the reat Uodltretaipssol ane 
ing been Serocbaly peat in the grost affairs of the world, world, whother elviige 

rep Ih peace or war, oe in the war of words,) and for want of 


the Roman ees 
soo the art of war by a reesianleneee of his 
hie ‘prutings with the most sovereign contempt, aan 
“the ‘writer of these remarks will conclude them, by ressing his surprite 
gentlemen, making sasiote we ie acetone legal and statesmen, 
Soult be so little versed in the natare and spirit of penal Juieensleeoal 
Sepeatea Sabin pcle arian of psnihmestconae: ta 
the delinquent: for one of their main arguments for the abolition of 
was, that it had no effect in amending his character. Now, in the thst 
the writer of this denies the fact; for he has observed a sensible and gmdual, 
though seldom a sudden or rastieal, reformation in the conduct # of the punished 


<attet this is ter ‘expressed oe ae inw =r in bis 

touching incidentally on this Wereanliens of military puoishments, 
terseneas-of prise and. soundness of reason peculiar to himwelty tagtrthe 

proper end of punishment is ut ad omnes metus, ad paucos pens pervenial. — 











4m 


NARRATIVE OF THE WAR IN GERMANY AND FRANOE.® 
AY THE MaRQUSSS OP LONDONDERRY. 





to place 


on 
rani of thn ent a to closer investigation, and tend to lice truth 
the minute motives and circumstances b: to light by personal obser 
vation, furnish us, as it were, with the anatomy of events, and enable the Histo— 
rian to compose his picture with a due force of contrast, and trath to nature, 
‘We do not recollect to have ever read a Memoir more calculated than the 
‘Narrative before us, to qualify the extmvagant admiration with which we have 
‘been in the habit of regarding the events and of a strife, 40 stupen= 
ous and popular the. Allied Powers of the Nor 
Migegennt jes Sod lent deckine a2 tat at oousonsiy way be 
andj ive as that war was, We 
fen ta brine and 


revulsion his excesses excited. 
illustration of the aphorism “ quem Deus ould perdeve prida dementat"—Nupo- 
leon threw away every chance, and elung with stubborn tenacity to positions 
and pretensions alike untenable: while his adversaries combined yet without 
concert, concious of steategienl inferiority, and surpri 


less 
Theale of sale Bar thant the reeless pride ad infatuation of the 


: 


Teer thet strength end ropalr their menue form desptata and fi 

it Charles 

is by the British Government to the North of Germany, 

fnister and Military Commissioner, in conjunction with Lord 

at the Head Quarters of the Russian and Prussian armies. His mis- 

also included the charge of all matters of « military nature connected with 

army of the Crown-Prince of Sweden, who i willbe remember, was 
ibsidized by Great Britain. Of the opportni 

‘forded in Sit Charis Stewar was not slow to aval! imself; and the 


if 
at 
i 
: 
3 


fy 


it 
g 
i 





effect, been hitherto accustomed to view i ilone by dames 
ret 


in close review before us. 
‘Yot it must not be inforred that the hij jualities were wanting in the illus 
actors on this glorious arena, or 1y did not “deserve success ;”— 





and France. Lieut-Gon, CI 
‘Williams Vane, Marquis of Londonderry, G.C.1. GCM. Kee boy — 





472 NARRATIVE OF THE WAR IN 
the rovereo ig eminently the fact, a amply shown in the candid and Wheral 


naan Banc his son ore ht ets arg oe “A 
His pon mene obvious causes, e morale | 


ony it 
of march by Luiz on Leip. Here was splendid th 
portunity of retrieving the iniprutleace of th 
preteen ha eis 
and for which a rer 








ied honour of ne attacking 
thei leaders, with very 


combi 
apnea we into divorder in thEiF eentk 
soa eee sees 





heart of Germany, leaving in their rear the powerful fortrussex 6 
approached their supports and resources, while the former 
ineroasing the distance from theirs. Ta coniequance of thé” 
het command of the allied troops ad eastern, 
proce noe showed incapacity for 40 compre, an ao 
concert and cupacity in the chief¥ unfortunately par ‘the de 

brave of the trope while territorial ‘and polived 
to influence the mili 
the actual 


Ect touching, by the way, on 
in the mnean time, an armistice was conc] 
Jed to nothing; and in the middle of August, Austria 

hostilities were rusted. Moreau had arrived. t =a allied 


After znuch j and intriguing, the chief command of the allied: 
‘swelled by the accession of 160,000 Austrians, was nominally 
wartzenberg, the rae jexander aspired to and exer 
Mn 


interesting Z a for 
trons flee ofthe fhe preiptty and sone ate. on Dre, 


Sales fed car cjg fot ty oh hey dene om 


GERMANY AND FRANCR, a3 


Hing!” |“ No one,” says the Marquess“ would own the project that had just 
failed; and each diverted the storm of blame from himself. Schwartzenberg 
excused himself by the observation, that there was no commanding with em- 
perors and kings on the spot ; and he certainly had a difficult card to play. Both 
the movements beyond the passes and the attack on Dresden, were undertaken 
against the advice of Gen, Moreau (who was mortally wounded). His con- 
Qaet and demeanour, since his arrival at the army, bad been generally spoken 
of in the highest terms ; and he was the greatest loss the army could ther have 
sustained. Hig heroism was truly great: after the fatal shot, he spoke to the 
Emperor with the most perfect self possession, never uttered a groan, and 
smoked a cigar the moment after the shot had struck him.” 


Buonaparte, entrenched and concentred in Dresden, with all his forces in 
hand, having resumed the’ offensive, and forced the Allies again to retire within 
the Passes of Bohemia, pursued them with more vivacity than prudence, and 
suffered in his turn a defeat; the corps of Vandamme and Bertrand, consfting 
of 30,000 men, being annihilated near Toplitz and Kulm. Meanwhile Bliicher, 
the indefatigable and indomitable, at the head of the army of Silesia, so pressed 
the French corps opposed to him on the Katzbach and Bober, that Napoleon, to 
extricate and cover his left, found it necessary to proceed in person with re- 
inforcements against the Prussian veteran, who, though checked for the moment, 
again pressed forwards on Buonaparte's return to Dresden; while the army of 
the Prince Royal of Sweden crossed the Elbe, and threatened the left flank and 
communications of the French Emperor. The Grand Allied Army now also ad- 
vanced in his front, the tide turned, Napoleon abandoned Dresden and the Elbe, 
retreating on Leipsic, where those memorable and familiar movements and bat 
tles took place, terminating in his total defeat, and repulse to the Rhine with the 
wrecks of his shattered army. 

There are few portions of this valuable Narrative more curious or interesting 
than the details of Sir Charles Stewart's intercourse with Bernadotte, unquestion- 
ably the most extraordinary man, Napoleon excepted, who figured in that vast 
and busy scene. Clear, cautious, full of self-possession, and with manners and 
a presence eminently popular, he played his delicate game with a degree of 
address, of which he lives to illustrate the wisdom and enjoy the fruits. 


“ Whenever the Prince Rayal conversed, it was always with the greatest afb 
and cordiality. It is impossible to resist the fascination of his eloquent expressions, or 
be indifferent to his insinuating tone and manner; and when armed, as he alvways is, 
with a bottle of Eau-de-Cologne in one hand, and a white handkerchief in the other, 
inundating lavishly every thing around him with the perfume, it requires some hardi- 
hhood to be quite collected, and insensible to beautiful phraseology, so as to discover the 
drift or solidity of the extraordinary man into whose presence you are at all times ad- 
mitted, and accosted as“ Mon ami.” 











‘The gallant Commissioner of Great Britain, perceiving some backwardness, 
very natural we cannot help thinking, on the part of the Crown Prince, to cor 
mit himself in direct hostilities with his countrymen, animated by characteristic 
zeal and ardour, addressed, on the same day, to his Royal Highness the follow- 
ing bold remonstrances. 








«« Le 16¢me Octobre, 9} heures, A.M. 
iicher, l'ennemi a quitté 
RR. 





Dolitsch. 1! 





dans les environs de Leipsic, permettez-moi de vous observer que les momens sont pré- 

cieux. La nation Anglaise vous regarde ; il est de mon devoir de vous parler avec 

franchise. L'Angleterre ne eroira jamais que vous tes indifferent, pourvu que l'enne- 

mi soit battu, si vous y prendrez part ou non. J’ose supplier V. A. R., si vous restez 
U.S. Journ. No, 16. APRIL, 1830. ar 








4i4 NARRATIVE OF TH WAR IN 


seconde ligne, d'eovoyer I Capitaive Th We 
Se eecegepe seit eas REE SRT 
‘Cuanees Stevant, LicuteGéuérl.” 
Hallo, 1 16em# Octobre, a heures dear, 
© Momeignenr,—Jo viens du champ de bataille du Général Blicher. ai 
Sore ene ee 


Wl eee ‘V. A. R. sno Ia promis Cs ut 
“ FR. ine Wa 

aaron mn pe Ae Ca 

‘ous vous'en repeativz tnajours. : 


“Sai Venaenr Uting Be 7 eel, 
(Signé) ‘Cuanues 8 


Tf these billets ae et 
equally ®0. 


” reference to my correspondence with the Prince ne Hoya of 
Rolph uch fata 90 Pay th tesa the 
Toya! Highness. on rng ofthe Wii rem Gee liicher, bank 
io 1 officers being present, 















ici et vous in’ayen 


t 
Sn ‘but, 






riually 
dt, bat cre oma wi ii 

jorth of Europe. igland wodinh amy: 
aces om ar 







i 
intly of these deruonstrations of ieolated 0} 
Jig eter) ee for 


tom a the. moat week, si veal fay, ae 


Highatn, sh one Xe tan sppoared to, 
os cauntnannca snc te 


tera, 
ender 


Tenyth had becowe 
‘que nous noyons arin? Noon atx wan ani 


(Sateaeunta eee see Dinetel rs peat ae 





rs ben 


4 


GERMANY AND FRANCE, 


‘Gcriver vous de “ dasoured his Royal Highness 1 felt 
bys Zemin sno ras sts ecu he Coma 
ren nao pled wa crema hal wi 
Gen. Adlererevts ; eeenitpor ‘on ty first arrival, had led me 


‘took my hand, assuring rvo of hin friendahip. | We ‘tho prineipal features 
‘stat acd peaned, and a pe glare pepo oi 
at dinner to meat the Emperor and King, I being the ouly minster presuat.”” 

‘The campaigu of 1814, commencing with the ‘of the Rhine and invae 
sion of France, opened un the part ofthe Allies ith nipoved combinations nnd 


i 

i 

4 

; 

ite 
HE a 


i 
i 
i 
i 
i 
E 


more it pre-eminently exhibited the genius and resources 
Buonsparte, On the holo it was perhaps his best campaign. Byen the fault 
‘or miscalculation which threw him “hors de combat” at the end, was compati- 


are some strong. observat ji 
the Bussiyn nation, and the admirable stave and comy of her armies, ax 
‘eh in these en pigns in tit unison wth the roeont march of eves nd 
in she previous ions of one of our ablest 
Bot we have alrendy been sedaced so far into detail, that we must hasten to our 
our renders to the teeming stores of the Nurrative itself, 
be wer chess cever fhe ied eewarda eit oy 
was ty—ever ng an ing "as if by: 
‘than system, and recieving AC Oe critle owen, bot Mis od 
those of saat He Unies en Buonaparie 





i it was neck or with bin 

y cided the nue of the campaign 
‘brilliant fous Fei "Pe the conduct of 
troops in the field, their patient endurance and devotedness, as de= 





Tt is needloss:to add that the Duke of Wellington was atv of unbound 
‘ed interest and consideration in ok the deferens 





NARRATIVE OF THE WAR IN 


Fx 
H 
fi 


i 
st 
i 
Hi 
i 
i 
i 
LF 
& 
1 


1 
i 


FIFLES 
fire 
au 
Hal 


a 
fae i 


i 
i 
i 





i 
H 
i 


rea a 





it " ‘ 

‘of the Sovereigas at the fixed upon for them, the 

furleit; and 0 salvo of guns avnounced th psa ah pole Rasta ay 
wa ‘up in thee coxtending ae fir 

aecmeelavereenelctsoer ane athe had warely 

‘wast a spectacle, whea a siagle gun fred from the height where we stood, was 

Toe thes arabs froma the tropes Even oe tls ‘ia ibene bevel 





‘nelly 

‘xaacy for tree rounds fom these alsting sans 

“We node down the bill, and the Russians broke (rom. thoie lines i 1 
Jumps of regiments ; and no one but asoldiar ean copogive the beauty. Abda, gre 










moarahed poat, 

ing + thon placiag himself by thoir sidé to see 
‘The whole of the day was only wufficient fo give time for a rosfo 
aalopeting of rant slog fie teva oF mona and thee fm 





GERMANY AND FRANCE. 417 


“Much bene te Due wa lh he exrandiaypvoin 
; ar oan vase with suaruiryneey cond sroberie: 


¥ ah pain a ae 

Arne hens sine span terenenta of 20,000 
spon alee fom the 10,000 men,, to be added 
panne for the canons fam which dey had Bea 


‘prewnion pr rs 1 i grat itary para Lath was rp y favourable to 







scarcely sansible ofits ‘These. 
lded, and always koep their condition beautifully, as I have before 
5 ig anil eppoistnents the horsds of the hus 


Gn our return to Paris it was said thatthe Bm Alexander called the Duke of 
10 fix some time for hit to soe the Ki j, and that the Duke said 
acne nari i Alsat wat” Pl igve they wero roview= 
|, under Montmartre, whera 


* Ltin net for me, however, to describe this nor their 
ud as iy aumy nor thi 


jious to his return to Vienna, and it-was cooveniant to his route to 
“Dijon ind Une to Vu aad Mian Siac 


i ilebe fovnd in the 
Pee 


Hi 






Porras ecliy. The be Tepe 
ing. 


conti The other Soverwigos 
‘paired focelr dierent destinations 





Rela aimee most valuable tributary to the great current orien 
i vans ati heat toc Meher ‘overlook the honourable 
footing tinder the influence of which he embraces oppotsintty as 
tie the ceo conduct, bat tee its attendant Robert Wi 










: 418 





who are unequninted with a 
pe TT AD Send pee 
hove who Know him, we cquilly recommend the perunl of his took’ it isa fhe 

i reflection veluli in speculo, 





I» with such 
campaigning, and the downright business of handling A 
his mil “ Adventures” with an inexhaustible flow 
author's philosophy, of the true school militant, is pat_and i a 
logic of Falstaff, without, however, the hollow egotism of h 
though and facetious Rifleman be his own hero, he is ever 


amt 
He 


goue vr bear the usual morning’ slain of» compe of abt Batra 
rene nn our advanced guant, On ‘in their outposts, we found thoke whee 
anny drawa out op the plain, near Redieha, and instantly quarelid with them on a 


“1 vos ope’at's erp of sinnaher who wee eonbling the French ee i ity 
the nows of their own dofeat through a thick wood at an infantry canter; whew T 
myself all at once withir a few yards of one of their régimeots’in fine, which epened 
‘uch a fire, that had 1 not, rifleman’ like, taken instant advantage of the: ‘a good 
mitted 10. tat 


ly 
ight's gastte. And however opposed it may be to the wrual system of | 
ae 7 ! 1 method i 


; c oO the rent ir 
Sayteeue bra sem scares sate an a 
wort! Uy +, himse! on, 
Ee iiorars sucust rare ase eee canes 
‘whist 
ee 
“ March 19ch.—We, this da the Aide of Gen. Lotion, Yost 
with Ma vile wha pus deeual hon eens hoeer eters oaieeerts 
and a traitor, and looked vory like ‘She was a 
‘and very handsome, and looked very vwarrieat again 











* 














‘Adventures: in the Rifle Brigade, in the Pesinsala, France, and the Netherlands, 
from 1809 10 1815. By Capt. Wi itnca 








ADVENTURES IN THE RIFLE BRIGADE. 479 
After the storm of Ciudad Rodrigo, our hero thus moralizes »— 





meh wot 
his fo, T took a look vt my own, found that [was wo un- 
‘2 spirit to worship, for T'was covered with mud and dirt, with the greater part of 
‘my cress torn to rags.” 
"The apemtions connected with the batle of Salanienca! ure sketched with 
rch spy epecialy te rp by the Pench cava of Lard Wellton’ 
‘Castrijoo,'50'the : 
Bid clined: wellerwlivety-acconmt tan 0 in the United. 
Service Jouraal for March 1329, in our “ Sketch of the of , 
‘the writer of a series of the Peninsular operations, commencing with 


‘Ciudad Rodrigo. 
By the by, we observe with satisfetion a marked and legitimate correspon 
soe fs renting of the same subjects, betwoen the acconnts of Capt: Kineabd 
eat of the ta eer to. As thee papers 
speedily wv in a collected form, our int rifleman will recognize 

Thali writer X Cormaraddo from the is i 
ees fies She Sstial logon whith bebetd te Jeopardy of head-quartars on 
ly. 


‘Marmont came down upon us the firat night with a. thundering eanaonade, and 
ie ero en mans vp chs plain belo wn almost within guavahot. L waa told 











-in( as af no. 
sie gared ther them ibe Freach) ot Aaglight noi mora, (fa hw fae of 
Teen ae chatet s bok ithe Foams es Reed ae 
i Tnfantry, with some cavalry and artillery, postod on a for- 

Light ebove the village ot Seraa, Gen, th his of heavy 
“Gorman I immodiately went at them; and patting thelr to flight, he 
broke: ‘their infantry, and took or destroyed the whole of them, was one 
af nt gallant ebnges fecal in hisory- Taw ey of hee fi ellos slog 
lead aloog Thorsen ‘wore, still astride, with the sword 
geopatit e sed aganke Lesa, ara ser of thom a 
1 Took o quench. 
is 1 took of the 
arene i vosaalon 
some sith gowns e bed for myaclf ia 
BaGa bari neetable te bloke ne toe ee oir 
we 
tm ths if, we ahd Sa St glory and u luk of Westen on rt 
‘same day ; in consoquence of w to be soutiag ia the 
clouds, of, atall events, in a castle balf wi a to be found grovel- 
Wog about a hen-rooat, in tho vain hope, it cannot got hold of the hen hersolf, it 
tag aes spc 8 gg yaa ‘T remember, was the state of my feelings oo 
; n-eonuaquenee of my having Mined the three preceding days on the bald 


of ray 


Py 


480° LETTERS FROM NOVA SCOTIA, | 
‘We must bint, ew passant, to our anpractised 


Sees 











But we exonat followan 


ates. 
inte ‘to his crownit at 
by isolated 


 LEPTERS PROM NOVA SCOTIA.* 


Tris honournble to the discrimination of his Majesty's present Mi 
sho engalfomusentee rcarintbe Be Deere inl 


that autation to which te enti stato ‘vast 
resources; especially entitle thom, Up to the preseut 
Inquine abot he stohaved acd 


‘with a niew to people tat wary tive to hia Sve EIB 
ng a commorcial eye to the advantages of an exclusive 
Broce offer him anual holocausts 2 ae e 
the es & of Mp ied Lent ae 


* Letters fom Nova Scotia, coatali ee ys 
William Moorsom, G2 Light Lofantey, Ta 
‘Collsarn and Bentley, 


LETTERS FROM NOVA SCOTIA, 4g] 
most 


hw his “Leer ffom Nova Scotia." Capt, Moorom has furnished the 
‘able and: systematic views of | which have 3" 


tion of their aggregate resources, and point out their relative wants and weak- 

nesses for corresponding remedies. It is vot from ‘travellers an 

Papo aree bere ime lpiom leg mireatucd 
= 

had time or motives to ae 





mane 

States, trading in the suiwe commodities, a ruinous blow would be inflicted pon 

‘our awn colonies, and a positive benefit conferred upon the most wily and inter= 

exted of thore who aspire to be our rivals. It is the practice of Jonathan to 

‘bully where be can, and his policy to wheedle where he dare not bully; and 

the etal President of the Ste’ wath due deference to is democratic Majesty, 
ratio ies, 





ie rao of Faking with wish every th Brith to be 
regarded inthis = hot iv thik confined ie ‘metros 
rk oe aw Cf ea 





: 





Nl, al 


482 LETTERS FROM NOVA SCOTIA, 
How was 2, ia arobles hero, to fad thom alienation: 
tie ey eg amt es et ig ity eae 


announce | 
almoat neodleas to ‘that this has driven all of x 
Rela stay Nee RiGedn bee kiteson ieee 
‘miscell 


A : 
plement of and i 
tog a gun off seas, 
dron of three or four heavy frigates, wi 
combination of force they can i 








wo! Tawnched : for, 
toto the old « Constitution,’ oF our Ca 
sr the one nor the other eould 


LETTERS FROM NOVA SCOTIA. 483, 
ceived, as be st bare doe sl hie iafoaion rempendiog ihe Mor: Sotien 
expresses cannot 

observation as if he Il tended a at any on of the nen min 
battalions ‘estern Districts ‘Scotia, he 
trond bore po Souserecoa Gi Getdtlinty at ti saat cUUbIet tare 
ther, for s0 very shart x period, from their fishing, land. mechanical 
evince nearly as great a degree of silence, attention, and subordination, 





‘of the ight 
epee ee ‘of apparently such’ discordant 
materials, only two instances of senctaneeaie ean aioe insubordination 
— ~ chinepar remain — — in ame men sell eof 

1 meetings, 10 avi irregularity, a8 well as of 
tht spa forewpett to shir eats rey 
Sathoe mei sow tat dhe core sake be contended with in 
rendering an American militia (either itish colonies, of of the United 
gaan eee im the field, is the Nembcetiation of the mov, and their nearly 
to the orders of their officars. 











[foe Sonar force that could be brought against them, 
‘aptness of the Nova Seotians a rudiments of military know. 


ve witnessed iL; if 
=< eateries re 
fans shore: period a bata 

farmers, 





ove of the extraordinary amalgamation of 


fishermen, and mechanics, es capable of ee ‘any moves 
rect tht adie of by he fey of he mary Dod many of the 
commanding officers direct and conduct the inovenets of te ie battalions, in a 





ie ‘aed ea i phos * 
sean alter eos © anu of 





ie 5 ay 
ears ea ga te pein rt were voted for 
than, ly ay ly demonstrating “ the 


ly, 
Sioa einhhare eras 


see Ee meinsetirg von mart 


thle terme ine nop alealantet ocean 


Bi | 


484 LBITERS FROM NOVA SCOTIA. 


sige te re tet et 









wal 

Althouy] ie Uited Stas re a eotbt Golo te prea 
pa Ree ie Teed es lors them so, makes th 

ermine at the, 


Sentesep 93.tte dénocr ‘must essentially au 





nT ‘on ati efficient militia, Aes a mull affected ile, 

“ie a ‘a en ‘Fee a 
‘ing their into. can it me 

Now, Toes fromthe a ae 


eats, fe 
r re swith a 
ae idl a 


Sarr eae a a ‘do we hope to lexm the 
Hora Beta, on ts spate « kodig is fraccaaties er OF ot 
ova on as a > , 
Sa cern aes end 


we tke onr Leav 

Pee eee if the ich te! il 

“ereditable 6° if and to 8 

which eoctnteniaoes rt Getgann oo conwectiod: if we iniiatatke 

also be highly acceptable’ to the need OF ebe-edlent to whi 
‘an important service. 





ABE. 
” GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE, 
| "ro tual ebjton oF suk yxizen seAvicn YouANALe 
= Living, for Half-pay easel 4 


sc ine batake oh at ee 
erciene se 


Pre resap cbr preven sap ea ace 








fie Seales da of cheap lining, it. cannot be too generally made 
‘thatthe same object may be at 100 18. superior, 
‘hy remaining quietly at home. 1 am prepared, to prove this fact—stop by, step 
Sanygument. by, argument—ineh by. ineh—item any | 
Hoey Eee Sa 
if /. 0, 
fio ‘embrokeshire,.. 1 x y been. at Guernsey, at Jer 


i 
Si. Netherlands, tn. Ireland, in the 
me Pe er eo 1 Cindi ey Ren ad 


ten, ie foci a ee trees fst near 

i] conviction, tal Pe yes roheshire alfa routes degree of 
apa on is Sait pea twill be ba ta 

ee a ye er sta ery, thers: 

Sey sg etal ARE ns Poier, and 
Hele tS et Dutton, perhaps Bet a the wei 


rat Prime beet 5 veal — 

from her lg live pork 2 pet lb 4s 
tom, 6d, per Ub. ; live Bebb Sarr toe Bone age 
peters: 


mehr Bane woh dg salmon Ad. por Ib. j 

ibd de. proportan 5 grageelee Ak Lae: 
pes. 

Pay ore dra ests Ls. por j exogilant Dublin for 
ee sear eet neer eee 

ported dh fo the spot, in. yess belonging ta i 


ae cae, ane oes i Get 
pestis pepe 
mie pee acta sats 


sou ie are iereat sya i the: igubouiond; “good 


Falter ie eaten: 
be ee eiree Sigil ea be sae 


Pe eer 


vn ingen une een 


parts of the cour 
dence in 
cud 


“Fox-hounds and harners 
But 1 aaah sors of ond Tisven presen ds 
‘bout, ast piayog hate peo 









wows 
a boat upon this noble 


every ; steam. vessel trom and for Heistol three times a 
‘steam-vessel and for Lit three times a month. 4 
and from London every day, are also numerous regular 
vessels from und to Bristol, Li lyand London. — 

‘Such is Milford Haven as for Flatt fi 
aw moderate expense and tis to be hoped that n 


many to resort re 
the pesietial swampy of Ostend, 
e 


them annoally, withoat charge, evith tables of the first importanee: 
Y rena a er 
eterno unp 


able ‘hich alm. 
the Hall family. The 


‘own private e: 


Late Board of Longitude—Admical Brookings 


judy 
dain, the wasting finances of 
find i fullest confirmation in the 


Dutta lene ead ot Livglcae trincv es colytodeaner Ot 


ost appears. 


‘of our fellow 









Admi as an 
aie He that doubts 


‘3624 page of te sith volome 


to form part of the national 
townsman ro 





§ PSP RI BIy 3 pa Eee 
Ce GE 
4 Fea ¢ ge = ze 
EG 
Pee 
i flail Hine priest ae Tiny Hin 
3 Es ai HY Be 2 HA zu Bug 2 Hi ae Pa 
attra ites iiteeeslte asian Tt 
Gt ai 
Lee eae al 
esi RTH une Hie BHI 











CORRESPONDENCE, Ho 
NTIS 5 
7 


fata glee Lat be 
af A a port 





U. Sours. No. 16. Trane be ae 


: 


} 
| 


i 


e 


are 


oe PP Er on en or ee ce en 


an, CB. 
Piel a 


Pp, 

WwW. 4. M it 
April, 1893. 
March ait, 


wR, 





And 
in 





dens. 





ry a. 


en 


‘Owe or rar 


"APTAIXS, 


“ 
1830. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 491 
Rectification of at crotch ove ne cree” 


“Btal ay re eat LO Foissal folng 


apts oi qhichee ty Ener ad ‘ht 
ae: 


teenie! ck ‘amie ‘east Sete 


SSS ree i es 

tent 

ie cai ot abe. Adieu, ont ny or tng 
sh epi bt. injustice antes unduly. 

gale Pegi re ere ely 
ea arn) ‘i tt tl 


ee \uite sufficient to satinte even their thirst 

ate pean yr geen ents ole Waniskrn cerita near 
ta with singular insceuracics and. nents, Tahal 
ealya ttc oe ial! to, og (ene emery 

1B11. In the short, ‘of that stage, the author in to assert, “on 
the night following (Juse 6) Fort San Christoval was assaulted ; owing to a 


Uh A judged 
Shaky sak hoe ‘hs moment eaiab i, dat tad bean employod in 
‘enovig th eth end bhi fom the botioo of tb ba so tnt aon ft 


Nowe, i. or, thin ioanost unjust and unfounded. arin and tack on 
pees items either ae questioning. their knowledge of 





senusme 
2 CORRESPONDENCE: 


qiniae ouph | ailoen ostears 2AT sini 36, 








IF i notes, thm the thse of tig from i 
of the breaches were crowned with 






ing he nantes of aj jurions 
eb ‘of tho arty and TL wool 


‘who may wish to inform themselves on-paiate:€o: 
abet ena etre he medic 
by trae, ‘written 
a mwcorl, 
laporm of 











1 ering 







from you an. 
qoiTadins bot as “fools wilt Viney 


eatin nary sWeRshires TacomeMend 
Jn merely attempting to-go probable consoquences of 

an overland:in¥asion of a [have nointention of touching ou your duties as 
‘the various dixewetions that Colonel Brains 


ire borin 
sya a hen hoa Se Mig journals, Ue wd a6 ahead 
ou the 60 li edi w fhe tert aes ‘ 


rous arti, tar has soreoe up under your sway and protect 





CORRESPONDENCE, 493 
roy er en i 


‘scorns to be mnde, This omission results, J hope, merely from the circumstance 
as the tundir Viavveibeoaibeba soos 
from 





etary os ¢ 2hidd To dene its ails ih” ulciurad "ett ho geet 
ee ma eon ah Sn en 
a 


Moat cary Saeneesroahies Dae 





whole of a and. cabcere a mm 
reoure he ln es “tselepetson ene 
attempt» the: 
Te fuse 9 fate ated odie wll eee indioes Betoveee 
beanies oe “barcern plains: ais 
i a sas italways: 
abe mbes tos tow Uikey: ast You al Gre live to Gonbee 
pone mia ened a Colouel Evans is proba 
"Toassia freciuvntly contemplated an israsion of your 


: 
it time when no othér point: of to hers be- 
Sicha ind Fata oo ie oa 





al when the same inge was held without followed 
singid*word bt affidient En oe rent indy ogen 





44 CORRESPONDENCE. 
Naval Board to investigate Plans and Inventions. o 








sel ordnance of their shiy : he susceptible af 
and ordnance ie may not 
s, may 


‘There isno doubt tbat 
ant suljets, and have nt diferent times devised many inven 


of 
and reporting upon auch plans and inventions on the abo 
roms time to tine, ba devisud for hei 









‘such 
‘the service, of reflecting on such subjects, and lead to 
Talents which re now suffered © hie ion = dredged 
—“ By, 5 ‘ 


yn eM 


* Similar to the French. 


CORRESPONDENCE, 495 
Clarence Medal, ~ 
“Mr. Ebrronj—It is no doubt in cllection thet wad ma 
wt a ob ae Hoge 
native ofthi Royal Highness the Duke of Clareneo 
High Admiral of theso realms, ‘Tie modaly wore 
wilver por; the latter to be taket from the 









¢ 

ore word was heard of the paras ati 

ever to long as offers could be el en coving Chugh ey 
7 


gee22 
wal 
Bis 
siecle 
eaiss 
iy 
glisee 
et 
i 
ua 
3 

é 
ali 


te 
i 
z 
: 
i 
i 
z 
z 


‘now extremely that they had ever allowed their names in an 
to be mentioned in he bettas” = ad 


to he ea who the projectors of this scheme, I had almost addict of 
ma Tobould be to think that such was the case, but if a0, it is surely in~ 
5 80 ink tia 
“ma aah forward ‘his character toe te 





Test 

Perhay medals to be forthooming, al ih three « 
a ceimape 3 00 ‘Appear ing, al thous! a 
‘ vale eg 3 rer 
A Sunwent eK to rae Cranryer Mupat. 


Notwiehy March 8th, 1090. 





oe. 
“ho is oy educing tm Netaants aod one eign of cach 
es) of, and oreated. the acti 
SP lee cata ie ake ed for wie tis ofa ope ot 


aan 
325 
seneeannenne 


“BRSARRARSE 











CORRESPONDENCE. 7 


In:the year 1984 there were 1000 officers in the'Madias infantry :’ out of that 
‘are wow Ih the service; 364 have diéd or relinquistied it without any 
‘temefit, ichbut 34 per cent. have Hrved to réceivé the full Beret. 
pRetived:on full-pay per ansum. z 
+1 Bleut.+Gol Majors. - Captains. “Lieutenants. Total 
5 14 "5 - 4 
0 ESBS £292 £191. 198. 6d. _ 
eeeya Paws | os the muimbers, a follow 
2 by 23 








s by 41 aby 35 "7 Thy 28 

alt 3— 37 a— 31 3—25 15 — 20 
jo CePetins and Senior Lieutenants have been superseded by the numbers as fal- 
low: 
2 by 140 7 by 95. 2 by 110 10 
$1204 5 80 3 — 105 al gs 
SEE! ne : Mabaas O:rt0zn, 






Neg 2a Regimental Subscriptions: .  * : 
‘Ma. Eprrozjed beg leare to driw your attention to a ish hie Re 
mental Staff efffoers, especially Surgeons and Paymasters, are subjected'to, by 
the-epetation of the late reyulation in regard to messes and bands; fot the sup- 
port-af which every officer has to contribute, besides a liberal substiption on 
appéintment, se. many days’ pay anhually, viz. twelve to the band, and eight to 
teaoean Atestimading the contibulioe at 20 many ‘days?’ pay, it obviously 
myst hare-estgped the consideration of the framers of the re¢ulation, that some 
jmental..offieers have allowuntes, whilst others only receive the nett sum at 
daily pay is rated. Surgeons and Paymastirs hav! tio‘ allowances, 
tenure Colonel, rot Major, and all the Captains hive ; consequently, 
‘Suzgeona and. Paymasters are by this method of reckoning obliged to contribute 
move.than their'‘due proportion. It will scarcely be credited, tbat’ in. this Yay 
the Surgeon, if he has been twenty years ‘in the service—and’ most regiméntal 
Surgeons are of longer standing, is obliged to pay more to support the band and 
the tess than the Liculenant-Colonel commanding, athousl ik Tact the Surgeons 
pay is considerably fess than the commanding officer's ; he receiving £1. 1s. 1d. 
er diem, including cash allowances, and he is only charged so many day's pay 
at thé nominal rate of 178. whilst the surgeon of twenty years’ standing ia 
charged at the rate of 18s, 10d. being the full amount of what he receives. The 
Paynmster contributes at the rate of 15s. per diem, being also the fall amount of 
what he recetves; but Captains, who actually receive 13s. 7d. are only charged 
at the nominal fate of theit pay, viz. 10s. 6d, ‘The injustice of this mode of 
assessment, T think, must appear sufficiently glaring. Surgeons and Paymasters 
rank as Captains ; and it was formerly the custom in most corps, in’estimating 
their subscriptions to the mess and band, to class them as such, and with more 
reason. They ate looked upon as civilians, and though made to contribute fius 
largely, the junior Ensign in the regiment would conceive he had more right.to 
Command the servjces of tha band than either of these oficers. Besides eash 
allowances, .not.strictly considered-as pay, the purely military officer in 
ments has other advantages over the civil part of the staff, which makes 
method of assessing still’ more burthensome and disproportionate. The 
tenant-Colonel can command the setvices of any man in his regiment, and the 
Captains of any man in their particular company ; and as there are always men 
useful in a variety of ways to be found in so large a body, these officers seldém 
fail to take advantage of it. A civil staff officer, on the contrary, not having the 
men under any control, if he does employ them from necessity, which few 
otherwise do, is obliged to submit to their exactions. 
‘The above mode of supporting the band and mess, in so far as regards medical 
officers serving before the promulgation of the order, is clearly unjustifiable ; for 
they entered the service under the faith of a regulation, guaranteed by his 


















a= 





, one hig nt Cartref yt” 
Mx. Evrron—h 


eit hal eye, a ero h great oe 


or from their uot haying disabled Fasoninne 
amssiettel rir atlieg, eon Got may in tye ofanet Ot 
tinted wit ia. ns of 

is. MPhenguna are Chorged ond cepturd, i they eat Be 
the 3 Jirat, destroy all the side-arms, é ¢. the 
hhooks, and handspikes, wot forgetting the spare ai i 
po eke ea ee 

aa 
ar anid OY Oy ag eure eC Sh 







2 3 
attempt to draw it. Ha mrtmelnens vantity of mud or clay a 
Thirdly, irepie cat be bexingy fe! pee 

Irian be bee olached wo Oe Kane eo HA they Be 


gun suay then be fired at the muzzle, by wdroitly theowing in the 
port-fire upan the train of powder. 

Thave always found fly out on the second or third round, 
have not rusted in the vent; but » litte perseverance, 
relieve any spiked gun. At any rate, a fire may be thus ki 
although not 30 quick as otheewise. 

Should the enemy have away all the 
Gaibicwe of 0: Hacdhink or aiveseale var, np ba ead 
rammer and sponge, by attaching to one end part of some, 
blanket. If, on “he oe EN enemy's have taken 


‘T weould su} the propriety ofa gneml order to dlsct enc 0 
‘sinned officer of cavalry carry: Firteaialy me 
ay oe a mo 


‘oul February, 1890, 








CORRESPONDENG, 


Former and present rate of Pay. 

‘Ma. Evrror,—Much having been said in the House on the subject of in- 
crease of pay to the army since 1792, and especially upon the expense of the 
staff, I annex for the information of your readers, a comparative statement of 
general officers’ pay in 1830 and 1745, a period when the tang of living was 
one-half of what it is at present. ‘The pay of a captain of in those days 
was 10s. per diem, exclusive of allowances: a lieutenant of the Guards 7s. 10d. 





99 





1745. 1830. 

£and £24. 
Generalissimo, or Commanderin-Chief, 
perdiem,  . . « . 200 1689 
General on the staff . . . 5600 513 9 
Lieutenant-Generl . 9. 0. 0 40:0) 8:15:10 
Major-General 5 0: ws 200 11711 
Brigadier-General hs ye 110 0 18 6 
BrigadeMajor . . . . 0100 096 
Aidedecamp . . . . 0100 096 

T am, Mr. Editor, 


Your obedient servant, 
Aw Otp Starr Orricen. 
‘London, 28th Feb. 1830, 


Naval Occurrences near Patras in October 1827. 


Ma. Eprror,—A conversation took place in the House of Commons on the 
Sth instant, relative to occurrences which are very partially and imperfectly 
known, although their intrinsic importance, and their connexion with subsequent 
events, entitle them to be known generally, and, above all, accurately. As some 
observations which formed part of the conversation alluded to, seem ill adapted 
to impress the public with correct ideas of those transactions, a statement of 
facts connected with them may not be unacceptable to your renders, while it 
due to the officers and men who so admirably sustained the reputation of Brit 
sailors in circumstances unusually adverse and trying. | Lond Althorp inguited, 
why no mention had been made in the Gazette of the affair between the English 
squadron and Turkish fleets, in October 1827, at Patras? To this inquiry, Sir 
G. Cockbum is reported to have replied, “That he should have had it in his 
power satisfactorily to answer the Noble Lord, had he been previously apprised. 
of his intention to ask the question. As it was, he did not profess to know any 
specific reason why the affair alluded to was not announced in the Gazette. He 
agreed with the Noble Lord in thinking, that every thing right and proper bad 
been done on that occasion ; but, as fur as he could collect, no decided action 
had taken place, or if there had, it assuredly did not merit the designation of 
“brilliant?” On’ our insisting that the Turkish fleet should retire, they went 
back without making any opposition. There might, perhaps, have been a shot 
fired, but he could not say that there was.” 

‘The facts are these. ‘The Admirals of the English and French squadrons, in 
an interview with Ibrahim Pacha, Sept. 25th, 1827, declared that they would be 
under the necessity of opposing him, if he persisted in carrying into execution 
his designs against Greece. An armistice was accordingly agreed to to allow 
time for Ibrahim to receive advices from Constantinople; and it was stipulated 
that the Turkish fleet should not, during the interval, depart from Navarin. 
‘The English and French gquadrons ther’ retired, with the exceptions of the Dart- 
mouth belonging to the former, and the Armide to the latter, which were left to 
observe Ibrahim’s fleet; while the British Admiral, in the Asia, remained in the 
neighbourhood. On the 1st of October, in the evening, Capt. Fellowes arrived 
from the Dartmouth, and informed Sir Edward Codrington, that a large squadron 
had left Navarin in the morning. Sir Edward instantly adopted measures to. 











Rena ee gape 


Saeee 
chi todd, towiares: Na waning es 
Pon tage a Res ws Bae 
of ie Tent Wr 





CORRESPONDENCE. 501 
i as 8 eagqub advanage bean, parle ? uty is rs. tae wt 






‘every on full 
wc alae’ Yo 





to eorivey Specie from Vera Crt, ~ 


o se ash 
aneits Fat Matra ail; find mooags of 
sending fo Erg mero at along direct, thence be 








iH) she (most property ng more, than 
Sree serrate at Ses ca 


sae ,Analatlinmen sisdh lise of aed 
pry 
‘London, toth March, 1830. 






by especially noo 
Treontains, and will ombraoe, matters of pecaliar invert 1 the pra 
nor can the seleet authors of 
plete, reasonable, and eon 
Tux History or Scortany, ax Stn Warsen Seorr—Sxcoxd 
‘The last. month's produce of ‘The Cabinet Cycloyedia has added a 
concluding volume wo Sir Walter Scot’s History of Sootaud. This 
lable und attractive accession to the accepted chroticles of 





Ma riled. 
Maske of Great Brituin, ay Jai 
E&evctopmors Burranxto,—Sevesta Eorrios,—The 


‘be made aeceasible n 
ar ‘secessible to them ip, 





EDITOR'S PORTFOLIO. 503 
bas rosulted from the rage for dabbling in ite Sey ae eee 


‘of the sect, has furnished texts to be. imitators, when not 
comaged i sie oe te hl = 


be diffiowlt and somewhat uni le to conrort his 
of Corn Merchants the vast scale he 
ly 


y Velores nconkiuntcn of aur opinion, — 
Jand were reduced rout and branch, * at one 





I otaaas es fajndcodila.ces rolewest Contender 's New 
AMcunting Guns, has buon very filly and oped repre in 
Ie ie 





Ms efor aio im ret We spa cme 
ir com su 
ie bate tod feo wlendars Commande Etcepsiar leased 
ae discoveries, having been absent a month from the yin an open bewt. 
Io Port Gallant the reorained 9 fortnight Tefitin every, 
pain ere fix Jabours. ‘The «i ot ete Dele Port 
ith the intention, soe farther observations, abd. then 
out to Chiloe.. Adelaide sailed from Port Gallant athe 
proceeded to examine the channels leading: up from Cape 5 
he Hata lace sey the survey, and soon ufter anchored in a 
a 















4 fir He ty pay Ge at a 
Hi rate ee ie Ha a 
ee 
: filiat tela bial 
it Hl bail aa nea ee 
AE it ae or i fit dit 
ah i Hit if an aaah i an ae att a 
: iF ae fale HG al 
li lin 8 5 ata: Ht lia i al 
Hie a Raa H Ge une 





GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, ke. 505 
adopt 





rene 
aeeee F Baeeeennek 


PBL, 1690) 





506. GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &e. 
fang Moriay Act, must all be exmined, | Axr. SA nerum from very ship is wo 








oath. 
Ai erence waters shoxld Powel Sasa the ree Comandante Canes 
ox te png or of the rat, idehipres mastery 








eS ANT. VESSELS 


is 
Ne eecanteeens seca Alex ca ey ‘and. the dats ei. 
Fen 1030. sok aay ale Stipa al 
jporoon is hereafter to pasied hie examination for mies 
lass, r 






of their shige or 
evs bere fone a the eos 


Pieter) ccalmaierre of Ca” eet 


Ant. —Ta cases of wea the 


tho Poca ‘of the Admiralty, for their 
ears aes is a ‘trond, to oe 
in the tater aor, in wo be deemed sient 
te autre te eat. 
Hr. 4—-No person Hi, on 
eh mii Sn 
iy midshipman,” except 
ships’ special authority. 
QUEHTIONS 10 ME 4xSWeRED ON THE DANE OF YOUND GRXTLINEN APFEVING TOR 
severed AS YOLUNTERNA GF THK VIKAE Ch4AS 1X Mis MAIEATY's NAV! 










‘Date and Place of hie Mirth 


At what School, and how tong he has been at School. 
‘Father's Name, 
‘Father's Profession, or Rank, 


Any other circumatances which the Applicaat or Nin 
‘may wish to stato may be here 























on shore at the back of 
the tae Wig on then ‘of tha 10th 
instant. ‘The Court consisted of the follow 


the Hon. Sir Robert Stop- decasions when 
in which are detailed the eirevmstances 





‘Wolf, 
Portsmouth Harbour, March 13, 1890. whether the pilot or mastorthink it. 

Sin—I beg leaye to. state, for the infor Paine AE ‘master 

ymmnssioners be 


‘Basil, thet cu he 9 aseak a dee shes coelostod,antie aoe abated ea 
; ant, 
oy Wel, under my commun, eater- fully hve, und deth therfore. a ‘he 


jeaty sloop Wolf un 
‘el the English Channel, in her passago from said Cominander, Robert , Bag. 
‘Tangiers Portsmouth 5 the wind Blowing be diaitad Hi Majeety's eneiee, andthe 

from NN. to N,W. prevented my making said Mr. Richard Hodges, to bo pre 
‘any par ofthe English const unel he ship primanded and placed at the bottom, of th 


RE 
i 
He 
eee 
id 


Z 
i 


ay 
ae 
i 
2, 





OE. 
ef 
=o 
= 

i 


at for pas hip 
Galatea, Camelion, wae 
‘at 11-3000 the 132th, gocceedad he oceusion ; and did sdjudge him to be 


r 


aving the ship of, with the loss of her acyities, 


Worth. Balled Ht. 


MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. ¥ 


ATULIVALS AND SAILINGS, 
February 18 Ponrswoorn— Salted MM. 0. 
, Livnt. Poreell. 
PLYMOUTH — Arrived HM C.Leveret, Lieut. 


M,C, Snir, Liewt, Golie. 
Pacwours.—Arvived HM. #. Stanmer, 1.8. 


ms 
ae Roan ers aoe 0: Pach, 


‘eat Gol, amt H.C. Mihiyer, 
Purnooru—Bailed H. Me 
21. Fowrswourn.—Arrived MMs Gs High: 
dyer and Starting, Lieot, Harison, Sailed the 
cand Aunclia, Licat. Mayne, 
WBBM ease—Anvived HL M.S. Ramillien, ant 
be naga w Chatham to pay « 
‘2, Comk,— Arrived the SuMeld Transport, 
iewts Barber, trom Cort, 


‘Watoroorm —Arrived Wi. M.V Mariborongh, 
3; Pell tom Lin Salle 14h ltr 


‘Allaabevs, Liew. Dunstan, for the Went Indiery 
ard HM, P. Calypoo, Livat, Paylin, for tbe 


Puywouru—Adived the Amphiviie Tran 
‘ort, Lent. Cooley. 

BB, Smaaunnss, —Salled HM. Cs Swilyy 
Lent. Caherwood. Arrived HL. M. C. Antelope, 
Becagyracamived 1. MP. King 

LOUTH 5S ts 
Lieut, Walker, (rom Buenos Ayres 

‘Portexoorit.—Arrived HM. 8. Cordelia(10), 
Coun Cs By We Boyle trou the Mestiterrenens, 
Lett Cian oo the Lith Ln. 

‘2. Pymourn.—<Arrived HM. 8, Undaunt- 
4 (4B), Capt. Clitord, Cy He and Hs Mu C, Leve- 
swt, Lient. Worth, 

Ponts xour—Bnlted H. M8. Conte (10), 
‘Com, €. BW. Hoyle, and H. M. C. Hight 

6. Swexnnsis Balled H, M. Cs Antelope, 
evi, Johus, 

Downs-—Parol by He M8. Corletin (10), 
‘Com, Boyle, 

Prxmourm—Bailed Hy Ms Br Beltomart (40) 
Com. Jobason. 


‘Vas mous t—Salled He My P Stanmer, Ry 8+ 
Sation, for Lisbon, 

Poxrewouru.—Areival HM. 8, Dartwouth 
(42), Capt. Sie T. Fellowes, CB. trom Calls, 
Saifed om the 100h Fouls Arrived) Hy My C, Sine. 
ing, Lew Macrivon, and Kavon Teruter. Mailed 
He MGs Netley, Hy My, Gabaten (aa), Cnptes 
Napler, anchored ai Splihent, 

7, Sumenxass—Arvived HM, M. 8. Cordelia 
10); Com Hoyle. 

‘a wourn.—Aueived He MP. Biiselsy Lieut. 
Downie, trom Malitux. 








Come—Arrived the Lord Wellington Trams. 


Bort, Ueot, Hur, ftom Bermuda wo Bear 
Truneport, Lieut, Barney. P 
He” Surenniasse beled Me Agno 
(i), Cat Yorke wae 
La Tc, ‘and H. M.S. Meron (18). 





SN RESCH MMe. 


Purcell. 
Jono rite=heived He Me isomer 
uo Com. Johnson. 

Poussnourn.—Sailed He MeO. Sparrow, 
‘LicatsMestnte, nnd Dartnoath (fs Capt Ble Ts 
Vellowes, 0.8. 


— Boi 7 
uu HAR ita eh aap 
west Sie MM, Brame Ke 


Tavwovrit=Anved MM. ot 
Laney, from Lisbon. Sil iat 

“ Ponvewoorst,—Sallad 
Lieot Percell, rived the Hope 
Liat Piichard, "The Wanderer’ 
 Sinnmcasse—Avtin’ The eB Bases 

RRA — 

(a0), Capt Bir. Pellowens CBs 

Pirwourn, — Arrived It. M. 
Lente Loney. Arsive Mi Me By 
(Com. Semon. 


























9 Pourssovrit—Passe fy the Lan eh 
‘Tran 









‘Com. Hawley. for tl 
ein 
Worth. Arrived H.M. C- Sebpos Kieut. 
MOUTH Arrived Fl Me 
‘Diets J. Walkie, trom Havana. 
7. Powrewouri—Salled HM, otters Rae 
‘Yen ani Hhguyer- 
& Patxourn,—Arvived HM. Pe Baris 
Shore ae 
iM. Be ville Liat, Ce We 
‘dhe Wont Endion. sei 
Porrsnowts.—Sallot the Wanderer 


Egghead Your, ae. 
Wtchard, Passed & 

IR Role, fr te Cobo Goad Nope 
& Pevwourn—Sailed He M. Ce 
ees Mae ete WS. 

(Mt. Maswell, and HL. My P, Golatineh, 
Wallies 


Posrewours.—Arvived W.-M, $8 Comet 
AW), Lieut. Cs Lackerate, from the Metiterra: 
tan 2 

Fawoern—Arrived tt. aM, ¥: Magnet, 











MONTHLY NAVAL RUGISTER, — 


10, Swcennsst—Salled H. M.S. Aitigunr 
(28), Capt. Yerkes 

Ponto wourn——Suiled Hl My. Arrow, Liew’, 
Tarackstone, and Todwtry and Diligeace “Trane: 


ports. 

ML. Portewourn—Ardved Uf. M. CSulpe, 
Lieut. Purcell, 

Patonouris=Put back with foot winds T.-M, 
8. Badger, Com. Rowley 

12, Sweumness.— Arrived TM, ©, Haven. 

Ponryxtourns—Arrived H, M. 8. Wolf (Uy 
Gon. Te Rens, won fhe Mediorranen, Tos 

‘llngton ronsporly Liewl, Harciny 

Stuntor, Liout. Marney. 

Pormovri.—Saited H. M.C, Bramble, Lieut 
Harwell 


12 Powramourl.—Arvived the Henry Por. 
cher Lieut. insted, from Cor 

Vauwourn.—Sailob He M. 8. Badger Com, 
Rowley. 

Powrswouriie— Arrived tbe Lowd Samed 
‘Transport, Lient Binaiead, from Corfn, std wilect 
‘mmestately. 

Puraourn—Salled I, Me 8 Ariadne (2%), 











Capt G- Revie: He M, Kinny Ut ta 


‘ey, and Leveret, Lieut. Worth HM. Me B. Drnld, 
Capt. Hamilton, auchored in the Sound. 
keMouTit—Sailed HM. 8. Barlger (10), 
Com, 1K, Rowley, for he Cape Statlon, 
i. Puymoeriy—Arrived He My Cy Arrows 


16, Pontsaourit.—Sailed the Henry Porcher 
‘Teanpport, Lieut. Mnsied. 

12. Pomrswovstiom Salted H, MC, High: 
‘yer, and Stentor Transport, Liew, Barney. 

16. Peywourn,—Salled My Ms Oy Arromy 
Went, Thnickston. 


19. PoRreMourn—Avived M- M. 8, Onyxy 








‘ent, Boteler, from Sonth Amerien, 
MISCELLANEOUS, 

‘The mont ‘event smnoug sarval mattern 

aE has tr nines one Last wadier, Is the 


saveasure atecing the promotlon of naval ulcers, 
row the date of this new regulation, Nhe promo 
{Woo of all clasien of acer i toe Pearce to 
‘he filing up of one out of thnee vacnneles which 
ny cour In any raky howe vaeaucion being 
Aled from alist of oMhcers in eveh rank os they 


endant of the other, but the proportion between 
hem will now te wel diierent i what it har 
‘been. The wndisninished let of all ranks of off 
‘cers Is the motive for measure, tending. Uke the 
Prevent, to iy gevfual refaction, 

His Majesty’s Ship Blonelve (48), wus eons. 
sooad me Pismont, om e360 of NVbenaE Ny 


‘Ae Ka 
i ei Cai i at 8 
Btatlon will be moder Coys, Parqubar, who will 





auodores 
is Malerty’s Boop. ‘as commissioned 
‘ou the 11th of Mare at by Capt. 
diterraugaa Beaton, 


fs 
FE 
if 


i 
? 
i 
= 
HE 


E 








“Vitts Stajesty' Bhips Leaner wna Cepliloy aro 
patna ings pie Former at Portmacoty, tt 
at yma 

His Majesty's Sloop Heron (10), Commands 
4, Barnet, arrived at Portsmont, from the 
American Station, om the ath Pobruary, and was 
Mi So atin On, Oe 
Reunley led roma on the a 








‘March, ani is naw preparing Yo pay ot, Tho Wolf, 
Atendeavonring to make the Needlox” pane, wax 
‘woturtwmately drifted by the tide oo the rocks at 
the back of the Isle of Wight, on the evening of 


We 100, nnd gue off With the Jost oF Her masts, 
‘eu, ad stove. j 
‘The (allowing ave pated 


G, Ba Paty. ew 





PROMOTIONS. 
CAPTAINS 
Dunne, de As 
Rrsey, 3, - 
Hope, J. 
Stopford, Re He. 
LIEUTRN AST 
Ewer eee He 
Meret, 3 —_ mn 
Woodrum Ht, » 


510 CHANGES IN THK STATIONS OF CORPS, 


, marine © Sewmne A. TMavers 
Sulivan Re Pookey, °, 
, ‘SURORON. ‘Packott, C. Dit 
Gry, D. Bead, He Fe ‘Hyperion, 
MANINES—=TINST LIRUTENANTS. pO. ees 
Parlor, BAL Sas ee 
Pivir tg ' Bow, 1B, Talavera, 
carrai, Te 
‘Tio eer 








prey 


HE 


‘Blanche. 
Talavers ManusEs—riner LivrRvAsT 
= PG. ao ‘Smith, H. Galaies. 
Motley, 1M. Ditta worn. * etiam” 


—S— 


CHANGES IN THE STATIONS OF CORPS 
SINCE OUR Kast. 





24 Dragoon Guards . . from . Limerick . . 4. » to « Cabin 
20th Foot... . |. from . Cork ~ oi ‘ 

2d Batt. 60th Ditto. from. * to) Mest 
99th Depot... . from > Com . . 





511 


ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY. 








Pecpl Saf ot Head Quaten, | Prbetel Commander Chet ad 
iewe-Gem, Sr Hed 
ante KB. 

Secreryat War-— Right Hon. W. | Rat fain —4 Leet ecel Geant 

cel ike, ee aad ane 


Captain.General_ and Commander.in- 
Chief, Field-Marshal H.R. H. the 
Dake of York, K.G. 





1801. | Adjatant-General—Gen. Sir W. Faw- 
War with France] _ cett, K.B. 
‘and Spain, “| Colonel Harry Calvert. 





Leeward Intands— § 


ers 
Ate ‘Sir Ralph 
‘Quarter-Master.General,—Lieut..Gen. ‘Abercrombie, K-B. 
‘Mediterranean. 


‘David Dundas. Lient-Gen. the Hon, 
SirJohn Hely Hat 
chinton, K.B. 


Gen, Hon. H. L. Fox, 


‘Master-General of the Ordnance — 
Gen, Marqals Cornwallis, K. G. 

Joba Earl of Chatham, K.G. from 
37th Jane, (Sir G. Youge, 





Lient. General of the Ordnance.—Gen| 
Hon. Sir W. Howe, K. B. 

















‘Total Number of Troops maintained by the Country, incloding 
Miser Pacer ws ene eset wee A 
India Fores oe tao 
‘Amount of the Army Estimates for the Year 180... + + :£12,002,057 6x. od. 
India Forces see ee ee ee eB BAOGSS 198, 10d. 
DISTRIBUTION OF THE REGULAR PORC! 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney 75,610° 
Plantations, Gibraltar, Minorea, and viberStatlons ia the Mediterranean)? 7 wap 
Cape of Good Hope, and New South Wales... ee ee ee ee 
East Indies (four regiments of Light Dragoons and seventeen regiments of Foot) 20,2104 











‘Embodied Militia—Soath Britain... . . . 39404 
Ditto—North Britain ee ee OOD 
Cornwall and Devon Miners se ee O88, 
Fencible Lnfantry, in North Britain...) ) . 3080 
Embodied Militis, in Ireland... 2. +. 31077 
Fencible Infantry, in Ireland. 2 2. 2 2. 29,040 


Foreign Corps see ee 18S 
Expense ot ditto. yy ss e+ + + SMBTAML 4s, 6d, 


Wivows OF OFFICERS OF THE LAND FoR 





48 Widows of Colonels... ss 
+ + LletColonels 





Mion. ee 








10 LL Captains and Paymasters - ‘ 
a5.) 2. Leute... : 
100 | 1 1! Second Lieutenants, Gornets, Bnalgos, Adjatants, a 


Materte ve eee 


sesgsse sess? 














+ 4 + Governor or General Offer Fo Tt 

[11D physielans and Parveyors. 20502 f pe EMS e 
{1 Surgeons and Apothecaries . 5 Banste ie 

1111 Chaplains, Depaty Porveyors, and Hospital Mates 22. 

ID D1 Asstwant Commisary of Stores. ee ee 

Srp e DNMD ce esmseles was Elbe hla aR GE AS be 

‘Namber, 5036 Cavalry, and 11,200 Infantry were in Ireland. 

+ Exclusive of Recruiting Troops and Companies, in Great Britain, amounting to $40 men, 





512 ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY, 


LY ACHIEVEMENTS AND OCCURRENCES, AND CHRONOLOGICAL 
a us EVENTS OF THE ARMY, 
‘ 
‘Fasnary 8. Leut-Colonel John Teaver, Commandant 6€ the Garrison of Gover, bn conjunction wit 
‘6. Hamilton, LLN, detached a part of the Airiens Corps, with same samainen, tm Down, to ew 
in whioh they suceceder, 


ee 
ie 
ln: 
Hel 
He 
HE 
jit 
eeti? 
He 
Hin 
Le 
it 


HE 
i 
# 
i 
I 


Fiat coamt Fe he rip ioneed ve ikon he bien be Seg 
5 ito . 

qual, abd very lke to chat of Camperdown.” —Disraven. ‘The entry 
thee Toms a Wall hie Aniiibery tt Tha remain os peens Ses 


EFIE 
i 


HI 
i 
=3 


reed te wha ewe lute of Alaniin-—I8, The Bas moved female 
geoasly posted on a rie: ‘not Bowever walt, Dut came 
bee tot telesent vere cterraiees Aecel edie be NUP ge! 
Ralph, tn Whe ation, bad. his hovae shot Hier’ Nim, and wnt reseed from Baing aed 
oe Cavalry by the Oth Reylment, whe received the ehange upon. thete 
ohms vary eens, Leal. Henke fo lg, Hs epee 
roll, bit suferad aeverely—U. ‘The fort of Aboukir enpltulated to Sir Ralphs An ater toa 


i 
EF 
e2F 
: 








‘Vetween a patiole of Titi Cxvalry and one of the enemy near Alexandria, to which Colowely 

Goneral, Archiall Jet an armn—2, ‘The Powis Wovt Tosti Talon, Saint Hariholawww, 7 
10. force under . Thomas Trigee, and Kenr-Adiiral Dackworth==2l. Battle of Alexa: 
delag The Preach defeated with the low of 3000 killed || wouwlet, and Valen prisoners. "The i 





i 


to 1925. Bie Halph Aborcrombio © mortally wounded. We hie sustained an ire 





‘= The wey amonnied between KF and 18,000 men, Corps eMnploved on this serwiees Ais aD 
‘aah, andd 26th Dengoous ; Tom pesch's 195 Lat Battalion Coldstream Guards, Ant Hattalion 3 
et Battalion Raguls, %, Wilh, 10th, Hath, Hath, Moth, 4, ith, MAb, ‘Teh,’ 





‘Sie Talph wuskesly stated ** St must have been eonskderaie.’* ~ 
Iteeeetet bn hile wonndet, and lang, 1200 deere an private, The enue othe Bel 
‘in Rgypt, not only Yn this attack, but thronghout the whole eannpaign, established the i 

Tevertoty of te Baclsh bayonet,” Whenever they cm reach the enemy, 9 advange of 


vatfared for thelr evnidrnce 
{WH more Frequently It carried them irrenotbly Into certain victory and a Basting glory. 

4 The 2 of March, 1901, om ever memorable day tn Trish history > day ta whieh victory om 
‘the lous OF those brave men by whom it wns achieved it woatier: 








foubt, whether to tail (tn oar annals with. smonrning or thaukagivs ent 
servantiur wb Utie, "Tbe Thaulhs of Pavliavent were voted, om the 18th of Mays £9 the offloees, troop, 


BE 
: 
i 
1 
hs 





Crudnet, Lode 
wT aie undp oa ty of orp eed toe lovato uirtesren of whem hd pees op 
tat colar ig extend he Grands when the remalooronSacted ad ebsieed gemtar Tae) 


be erected in Bi Pav!’ Corbedral, Lv memory of the even lamented ConmamierinChbet of bie Majesty's 
Land forces, Lieut Geneent Sie Ralph Abercrombie, KB. who being anemonnted, by bls valour and 
‘conmimmate abiiity, the obstacles opposed by a powerful enemy 10 his lauding Op Ure coast Of mM 
‘amt sho, afer having sarresafully establisbed those dispositions necesuary for the farther operaitons 
Strano hero te Morn ne erent aco ae 
serena om the aot ‘ten inh i 
wont, notwithstanding which be remained on rhe Geld, animating by py Eat 

by fis example, the brave troops under Wim, ULL Uneit vabuar bret achieved the victory of that 
‘ble days” : © Tae tee 


r a 


ANNALS OF THLE URUTISH ARMY. 513 


acable tase in dhe pers of our ever auibaivuily to be lamented Commander la-Chief, Sir Ralphs 
“Abcreromble, ho wae mortally wounded 40, the action, and led on the Wh oF Maret (am bowed Ade 
aniral Keith's ship), I believe he was wonidest ¢arly, Uae be coacealed inl ataation from those about 
‘him, snd coutinwed in the felt, giving bib ordars with that cealoew and perspienity, which had ever 

‘is charieter, tll long afer the notion was over, whet be fatnted through weakriess nnd lows of 








Giviully discharges their duty w their evnory, sul thersboy wpb the fae af the Heitieh wae an 
‘ation’ —Disratowto@i. St. Martin sumetdored to Lieol.-Cina, Thomas Trike ad 
Deck wonth.—a8, St Lhwunassaoh St. Johv, capitulate lke ay Gi Croley ‘Ww dite 
British Corps emplayes on these servicer: Hoyal Artillory, tot Battalion Reyne Lt, and 64th 











i 
i 
: 
i 






iiuenph of the British force off the harbour of Copembiagen”? Lond 
“The Hom Colouel Stewart did woe the faseae tbe om heel the 







‘the commant of Lieut-Colone! Bimat aod Capt, Perkins, KN. 
May 0s Licut-Gen. Hutchinson, with 4990 Hits, in eormpany with a Corpe of Toke of quel 





‘emeredd on the 25th «f Muy, 1786, and 
‘uewakig ont ofthe war he wre with 
Sir Charles Gray ae Commanler-in-Chict of 
‘Jnnuiary 1797, he was raised to the rank of HeatenantAeneral. Ht 
‘bellion tw Kreland, avd, jn 1774, be war second In command in the expedition against 3 aun 
Aatly lus war invovted with the chief comunand of the army destined to diopomens the Vronch of Maypts 
Me was Interret winder the Castle of St, Elio, in Lan Valette, Malte (is whieh Islnd Wis boxy” wax 
conveyed by le frieud Loot Kelty), by MajorsGea, Meury Pgot, Commmader-in-Chiet of the and,’ 
Tn addition te the ational wownneot, « peasion of B000K, wae ett a hie fhanlly» and ie witow 
‘was created Haroniost Abercrombie, with rvmainier to her bane mate by Sir Ralph. 
* During the early part of the engage, when, fa the darhness of dhe witht anable to distingushe 
‘viens from fo, Sir Walp ye Involved among the <numy, he wns rescued frm Immeitinte destrwe 














© 
‘war deciited. Having deen wounded (wo hoarse fainted ak goon ak be wave the Fetvest of 


£ 


ih 
vi 





5l4 ANNALS OP GRITISH ARMY. 


the Capitan Pachsyaitrched the Froweh near Hamavich, ‘The enewsy wore diisen tt and 

rete alr haviog 3 cen of die Fort -—ie. Maankh orrnder, a te 

‘Neier ume Si tte Wit, Hompent Brag, Rdiveenrs emir le 
se 


acquaint Partingeat, 
‘nllicary eedence, Mia Majesty thioks that 
‘will nd to the skit! ant diseiption, whieh. coinbined with Britt valour, have boen x0 
_n-the ervve of the cooutry." Auto the 2 Geveral the Aion. Wan (ao 


i 
i 





‘ 
| 
f 
i 
I 








Harcourt, wat appointed Governor of the College —10, Lievt-Colonel Femer, Commnndant 





to whom Clone Spencer pare 


large, thongh they did 
200 sme) ve wns veyed with the 


to 
spirit and 4 determination worthy of 


cover the jo Aloxateiria, * The wanagemonts of that excellent off 
‘able and —Disrarcit—Ot Baiteries were opened ageinst the Redoubt de 
sven 





satizmbes 2 Th fail ows of Alesana, rendre by np: 


public serviec” Allow me to expres x humble buye that tbe army in Egypt} have grated the 
‘warmest wishes and expectttone of their country; To them every ting is dae and to ive nothing: 








* Thy thincapittation the enemy wore 1o be conveyed te the French porte hn dhe Medierraneamy 
writ ee arm vil, bageng, a eet wa ny dye rom the date ofthe rotten 
‘wes the capitulation rigned, when the army wider MajorGen. Hair arrived. Aner mays 


‘route was throug w defile of ce bundred aad ity wuilesy between hills and barren rocks : wot 
tole of herhayo was to be seen, aml this long and tollsorme march eowld not have bees 
‘aut the friendly xid of the Mamalakes ard Arabs. 


‘em to partiepate, om this occasion, in its orien, athe 
On the termination of the war in Egypt, the Bultan ordered fifty gold metals to be atrveky bene 
ng « eveseeut wi tar Go the eeoniye, wits « sulle Srueription, Wn be dateliated amoog the Kplish 


sad ted sed pen dsr ayen te ‘ering A similar adror wa voted to the 





ANNALS OF THR BRITISH ARMY. 515 


It was my fate to succeed a man who crested such a spirit, and established such a dlselpline amongst 
‘them, that litte has been left for me to perform, except to follow his maxims and endeavour to iml- 
tate hls conduet.”—Disratcu—t4. LieutColonel George Airey,commanding the troops in Britlah 
Day in the island of Elba, with a force of 1000 men, including Tuscans, Peasants, de. destroyed the 
enemy's batteries of Penita Pina, the Grottoes, Giovanni, &c. 

October 1. Preliminaries of peace,* between Great Britain and Franee, signed, 


OBITUARY, 1801, 

January &. Lieut-Gen, Philip Goldsworthy, Colonel of the Ist Dragoons, Equerry and Clerk- 
Marshal to his Majesty, and M.P. for Wilton. 

March 25. In his 40th year, the Hon. Liect.Gen. Sir Charles Staart, K.B. brother to the Marquis 
‘of Bute, Colonel of the 26th Foot, and M.P. for Poole—27. Lieat.-Gen. Wynter Blathwayte, 
Colonel g7th Dragoons.—28. Lieut-Gen. Sin Ratru Auuaceousie, Commanderin.Chlet of 
the Egyptian army, &c. of his wounds. 

‘April24. Gen, Moriscoe Frederick, Colonel 64th Foot. 

May 7. Gen, Cyrus Trapand, Colonel 524 Foot. 

Sune. ' Major-Gen. Richard Bettesworth, late Colovel-Commandant of the 211 Battalion of Royal 
Isish Artilery-—8, “Major.Gen. Thomas Jone, Liest-Governor of Hall—10. Lleut-Gen. Charles 


Gen, Flower Mecher, Colonel Oth Dragoons, 


‘of the Royal Scot 
December27. Gen, Peter Bathurst, 
‘Major-Gen. Hon. John Knox, Colonel-Commendant 9th Foot, lost on his pasmage to Jamales. 
Lieut.-Gen. Alexander Campbell, 





ABSTRACT STATEMENT OF OFFICERS OF THE BEITISH ANMY, WHO SERVED IN EGYPT In 
‘Tax rea 1801, 














Total that | Hled or 
Ranks in March 1901. served in | died of | Wounded, 
Egypt. | wounds. 

Lent-Generla se ee 1 1 ~ 
Major-General 2202 LY Soatihy 8 = 1 
Ce rartearer nme crskr ‘i 35 1 6 
Lient-Colonels 2 2 ee ef Or 4 4 
Majors eee 43 3 2 
Copii tee eee eet] me 8 at 
Lieutenants 1... Lt oe re 10 a 
Second Lieutenants, Cornets, and Emsigns | |). | 3a 6 2 
8 a us 














David Baird, Hon. E. Finch, Brig-Gena, 
|. Oakes, tod Ro Lawson.” Lieut-Gen- 





Hon. G. J. Ladlow, John Moore, Richard Earl of Cay 
John Stewart, Hon, John Hope, John Doyle, John 
Sir John Hutchinson was advanced to the Peerage, wit 

‘* On the 6th of April, in the following year, the thanks of 
the Navy, Army, and Marines, “for the meritorious and eminent services which they have rendered to. 
their King and country during the course of the war:” to the Soldiers and Sailors “ for their exem~ 
plary and gallant behaviour,” and to the Militia, Yeomanry, and Volunteers “ for thelr seasonable and 
eminent services.” 











AULATARY PROMOTIONS, &ex 
ROM FEN BL FY MARCH Be 
‘OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, Fro, 23. 
LONDOS GARETT Phy 

‘Faster Glaworgan Corps of Yeomanry Cavalry. 
‘—Rert Liter Ilckarl gems be Line vice 
“Mogaridge, prom. 

WARDFFICE, Pen. 
WaDAT, Yam. 20, 

Ant Regt, of Dr. Gdn Him. Thownne Tod, from 
he Tad FL to be Cor. by p. vee Grant, prom. 

Tih Ditto. — Cor. Richard Harcourt Syrnouy 
{rom bp. 6th Dr. Gale to be Cor, pay. the dit 
ab Feste—Menne Am. John Nextag, MD. 10 

mh Bite ta Wnt: anten, to 
Gayle Uy pe vice Gages who eet: Ents Geore 
Grrovile Giovr, rom te #2l'Pi te be hieet 
yD, Floe Morshead, 

{Mth Dito John Bene ft tobe am by 
1B vlee Campbell, spp. to a0d Ph. 

‘a0th Ditio—Gent Cadet Jamon'T. Aleey. trom 
WU. Mil: Coll. to be Bs, without yp. ¥ign Cook= 
‘ane, whose pp las nat teen pce. 





Capt. withont p. wlow Orway, dee. 


‘Gl, from the 48:0) Phe vice Peter Powell, wh 
Tot upon b. p.2i West India Meg; Capt. Honey 
‘Des Virus; from by py vie dob Foy, whe ene, ts 


Ditto—Capt. Christopher Thowas Bird, 
1 to be Cupt, vice Robert Ficklin, who 
rth ie 
Ditto—Rar, Thomas George Armstrong, 
te by pu vice Kerns who rete Jub Pare 
ker, gent. to be Bos by p. view Armetrong, 


£ 


oy 
= 
F 





Capt by p. vice Daniell, who ret.; Ks. Alex. 


Jartine, tobe Thee by pe view Graham oho 
Ryle, gent. to be Ens. by p. view Jnrdlino, 

‘Aad Diuwo—Javves Brash, get, (0 be Bur by 
pasion Glovers prom te 7h Ph. 


(0 be Theat. without ps vice Thoreau) deers Ba: 

‘minel Hodson, gent. to be Kn. view Tassel. 
‘Vnattached.—Lient. Lord Charles Wellesley, 

from TU. Moree Gin tbe Capt of Tafantry, 


ye 

Trovet-—The undermentioned Cadets, of the 
How: the Bs Ts Company's service, to have tem- 
porary rank ax Xn daring the period af their 
being ploced onder the evmmand vf Licut-Coh 
Pauley, of the Te. Engineers, at Chatham, for 
‘neld Instructions tn the art of Sapping and Nine 
ing -—Geuis Cavdete Wan, Douphne, Wary Step 

















WHITEHALL, Mancut 3s - 

FRIDAY, MARCI Ds 
‘The King has deen pleasod fo mominnie sit 
appoint Vice-Admiryl Sir Thomas Hyam Martin, 
Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Mi- 
litory Order of the Bath, to be a Knight Grand 





OPPICE OF ORDNANCE, Manon 16, 
wurosy, eaKew 12. 


of BA, King re 
oe aren oe ae 
‘cup. vies Ral 


Roger Kelsall, to he Cops, view’ 

Bey Kaban on ve oe a 

sall, proms 3d Lieut, Joho Chaytory 10 be Tat 

ee 
ce re 

Chadwick, gent. to be Bas, vice Baddler, dire. 

WAR.OFFICR, Mancu 14. 
phere om 

aon te ie ee 
eae A a nes 

rein to bear 2a ts ences son ag ae 

addition to any other badges or devices whieh may: 

regiment, the 





‘the regiment in the actions fonght at Cornea, om 


the 16a Jan, W400; at Pacutes divers: ym the 






sand Angunty 18135 

the month of Dees 

22th Pedy ISL 4 age cede 
His Majesty bas also been graclonsly pleased 


ireet that, In commemoration of the gallant eon 
‘duet evinced vy the 020 Boot, ln the attack ofthe 
forveand destrustion of the bridge of Almarax, on 
the INth May, IHL, the Regiment shall be pers 
‘hited 10 eat the word Almaray ow Ite co- 





‘td Regt Life Cla—Cept. A. Pileington, from 
‘hs ps anatt. to be Capt. view Je W. Cnthbert, who 
‘exter the dif) Leute. T, Batlesleys to be Gupte 


hy ps Wee Pikington, wha vet; Cor. and Sub 
ent. J. Rocke, tw be Lieut. by py Ylee Bulkeley 
land BP, Blackbarn, gent.to be Cor, and Sub-Lieut, 
‘by pe view Roche, 

Keg. Hone Gla, — Cor George Augustus 


‘Viscount Fordwichs To be Adjotant; = Lieat. 
‘Thomas @ Cosby vice Shelley, who rodigoa the 
Adjutaney only. 

‘i Ret. Lt. Dri.—Cor, Hatward Kills, 10. be 


‘Lieut. by py, wise Alloy proms 

tn Hage Dretion George Vandelour, fen 
‘bob Lea, vie O* Nell Begreve, who ene, 
n 


Coldstream Poot Gd Bos and Lieat, 
Lord Mootgve Wm. Graham, to be Liew. and 
‘Capt By p. view Lori Graves whe rat 

lat Regt. Foot—Lient, Arthur Johnstone Law 
vnc fn Bp 10 be Lewy view Wt, Rvs 
Burrow, who exe. #: the diff. 

Ad Ditom=To be Liewts p=Bins, John John. 
‘Mone, without p. vice Bamuel Robbiue, whe ret. 
‘upon hp. ak Hina af the Hay Kot» Kw Donald 
‘Meent Cameron, by ps vice Kenyony who ret, 
‘To bo Tins.s—Kue Walter Alex. Wan, frow be pi 
‘Of 18) Hoot, vier Johnstone; Grenvitle Lanstalo, 
ent. by pe vice Camerou. 

Sth Ditto,—Lieot, Richard Praneis Poore from 
‘hp. to be Liewt, vice Thomas Le Marchant Sau. 
‘muaresy who exes the di - 

Wath Ditto—Lewt. Habert Bolton, fein Ws po 
Ww be Lieut. vice Moorhouse, app. to o6ib Foot. 

Ath Ditton—Lieat. William Robert Ball, from 
1p. 71M Poot, to bo Lieut, view Alen, app 100% 


‘20 Ditto, —Lewts Charles Folios Bergvery 
‘rom i. p. 10 be Lient. view Palmer, whose app, 
‘bay wot whew place, 

‘20th Ditiov—Lwut. Charlos Weilderiurne Web, 
ster, trea ti, p. lst Poot, 10 be Lieut, viee Peter 
Singh Wie Garis whe ses: 

BH Ditto,— Cem, Lord Charles Heory Romorse, 
‘rom the lee Wont India Regt, t0 be Col, vice 
Gen, Sir Fubn Cope Bherbroobe, dees 

48th Ditto —Hrevet-Major Jatnox Aguew, from 
‘a peMalta Regt 10 be Capt ree Ore, who 


‘8M Dittom—Lleut, Joba Ht, Alles, from Hb, 
Fest tobe Lian: vse Chass Bimal, Wi om 
at 








2 
i 
i 
E 
f 
: 
z 
F 
£ 


Pe view Pringles apy to 83d Foot, 
20th Dite.—doohus John. Waiting, 

Bus, without p, view Northey, dee 
The Beigae—Ldent. Arthur Johnstone 


hp 
‘eei-—dajor-Gen, 


i 
re 


i 
q 
3 
ij 
Ene 
i 


Sy view Wes who ret 
atached-—-Najor Bes). Chapman Browne, 
‘rom rib Foot wo be Liewte Gol, of 


Dento Capt. of infamy, by pe 
revels Capt. Jab Galley, oF the 6th Poot, 
‘to be Major in the army. 
_. Memorandas—Lieat-Col. Heary Sunart, of the 
RE Enginears, has been allowed to eet, from the 
service by tie sae of an anact. eormalislon. 

‘The Christin ames of Base Gonkooy of 10h 





instead of Doe, 98, 1820. 





FRIDAY, MANOH 19, 
Cheshire Yeomanry Cavalry —Addlington Treop 
Of Lancern—Grorge Reade, gent, to be Cormety 





; 
I 
zis 


i 

i 

i 
aa 
HEteiTs 
Pera 


‘ 518 


BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. 


Nt Obeltenbinn, the Lady 
‘Chiebosion W. Crookston, of danghtor. 

Veb. 240, At Lake House, Hunts, the Tay of 
Sapmie FL Macigwn, sf Sie, Rayel 
‘North Britis Peaileers, of 4 1. 

‘The Lady of Henry Wire, Haq. TR. No of a 

re 


som, Be 3. of 
‘March dih, Ac Plymouth, the Lady ef Capialn 
‘Hobson, B.S. of « duaghter. 


March arb, 
John Kell, 37, Reglineot of » ron, 
“At the Phannix Park, Dublin, the Laity of Liew- 


In London, the 
swonry Re ot Soop, 

‘The Lady of Lieuteasnt Corneck, R.N. of a 
Angier, 

‘Ar Southampton, ths Lady of Cxptabn Feary 


tn i 
of Capt Digby) Ba Ne of 


‘Murer fod, At tactsunt, sear Cork, the 
ally of Onptain Thomas Otho Troworn0f w #00. 

-AL Plymouth, the Lanly of Liewienant A. Newer 
hhovat, Seth Rezlinent, of « daughter. 
Linn te 3 Beae’s HUL Torquay, te 

ly o€ Majer Gammell, of a 

Mich 20h AL'Mevat Elly Devo, he 
Lady of Capt, Chrtix, HN. of son. 

At Brinton, the Lady of Liewtenmnt-Colonel 
‘Bie Williawy De Bache, Hart. of & denihter. 





Hey, Dr Tomkyos, of 
fondibive. 
“As Antouy, Lieutenant FX. Rleghens, RN. to 
‘Mins Yate, of Millbrook. 
‘Veh, Sarde Liewlea0e Critehelly He Ny to. 
Panny, youpet eer teat F.C a, 
eb, 331. Heutenamt Benjanin T. Salers 
nL Neto Cubariae Bareard, young daguer ef 
1p Loudon, Capa he Honour P. Sper, 
iy | jo 2 a 
RN. to Mids Poynte, second danghwor of W. 8. 
Ej. of Cow Park, Kamer. 


faliner, Lirwtenaat W. We T Je 
antr o Weve- foal 


why Me, We Ce Middle 
meaty Mastor of HM, . Undaunted, to. Max 
‘Campos eldest davghiler of Mrs Cannon, Mester 
BLN. 44 Cormen, 

March oth. In Landon, Assistant Surgeon John 
Bowling. 314 Guarda, t0 Amur, olden dangbicr 











™M evsidewt 
of Major Eldogton, Corner of te 


Ow the 19h instants st Bt Wee. 
suinor Me Henry Vlugy Marco eee 








ver ah, At Berney Kivchberget be ps Wate 
tevile’s Reginent, 
big a8 At ialing, inca Farr, be pe 
oS ‘1630, AL Newry, Thowmpoi, Bo the 
Jon. Bist, AL Bath, Cra, hop. Work Ranges, 
ANUP 


om ‘King, bate Mt Royal Veteran atta. 

Peby Gthe At Port Ctarewwe, Chathiain, Sheer 

Wek, h. p. 20th Foot, 
sxnioxt. : 

Payee, apt Peet. 
bee Sth ao. At Maen, Nanay pore 

Fan, 270, 1690, Gordon, ate Yeh Toya Ve 
toro Bottaons 

raesttirens, 

New, 0th, 1409. Mt Queliery. ‘Beatty Late tthe 
‘Yetera Haat. - 
= Hot At Doulaginey Crommgrurey to Op Fatty 

obs 1890, At Fore Clareteés Chatham 
ee he Jans Sanlnes) 

ete lat, 18HD,. AGjatan . Copal Amat 
and Bute Milita. 

‘QUAKTeRatarrEEs 

Jan, 3th, GL AL Naunghmnores 
O'Neil he pe LOTT Poet 

Jan. Bist. Henery, he pL 6th Dragoon Guard 


AMLETANT DEE EON, 


os 











DEATHS. 


oe iz a8 fills ft 


ful i au 
es 
BHT 
He 


alia } i 


ee 

Tea] tee 

: zy le: 

H itis 

3 HI Bul 

i Fu ass 
Pi 





nppolated to the sat 


‘of the army in the Ponindls, and yak sewn in 


‘command ak we bautte of Talavera. Ht 


dee Tn 1900 be was 
‘at howe, dated 4h August, 1800, "The condack 


‘ow that oceaaton was noticed ia the toll 
OF Licatewant-Gevers! irs 


he actions of Malaeelly, the eaptnee 


i i 


pot ghiae at 


‘At Corks Cx 





nt 81 ae 3 


"Ae Desmnoetis Mr.Thécana Gruybedon, Master ner la the Oaeeral Desay of ig AQatsat-icea 


‘Feb. ith. At Tours, aged 42 yeart, Hoary 


‘Mareh th. At Stourton Candle, Dorset, Capt. 


Lieut. Zaovard Dayoan, TM (1811): 
Soha Serrelty (AN, 


March Tit. At Woolwie, Capt. OH 
Anal, TAM. trom the elfects of severe wounds patan, 
received in the services 


RN. aged 





ine i 


"+ marked 


probidon, His Majesty tins sient mh 
Nbereresabie ia faetow the mannor in which he 


en Hr 


mand, in enti hs tothe 
‘ae 
vuahie 
address fromm 
Ile Adenia 
perenety. 
io 1771, wns 
ana 
in tte 
abe, and 


10-the etarge with, 
‘bat which, om alk 
the stewaitlons 


Shortly ater 


fileman, and approbe- pela 


i nd Fan officer. "He had rim 


Ho was 
10 he 

Ppyerieg of 
om 


wine ery 


atallnn. 
i active duty foe a number of yeurs, 
My a whlch Pet 

wae 
token of thelr regan 


rejained forty yearm and 





wader Sie Wa 
the 18th, o Royal 
Veentpree Selepene 


the ‘Sth Garviaon 
seamed 

«Di 
eens 

Kenton 


bat ilt 
ce ine ny 


Ba 


aT ale 
i a ae 


anita 
Hn ee 


1 
ce BH 


ili! 


LF 
#2 iy il 
en 











METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, : 
REPT AT THE ONSERVATORY OF CAPT. W. M, SMYTH, AT DEDFORD. 












































pet 

$ 2/3 

9 3] 

44) 

v4 

bs 

7 

dD 8B 

so f 

¥ 10 7060. W.S.W- light! breve, fine day. 

YU) 40-0 | 94-2 (39-16) 371 +040 SW, light variable winds, 

Q 12) 40 | 91 3011) 400 -020 8, by E, variate and squally. 

fp 13] 4-4 | 37-0 g049| 395 +060 'S. by W. frosh brea, dowdy.) 

© Us| 44 | 367 | 30-11) ADS 020 $.8.W, light broeny, eloady. 

D 19] 425 | 350 |go-nq)| 962 frozen NE frosh browns, 

& 16) 362 | 398 (29-27) 350 

B17) a02 | sp9 |yo-97| 344 

‘UL 18, 969 | 92-9 29-76 | 369 

219) 87-0 | 39-9 | 20-80 | 36-6 «| 7080 W. to NW. variable, elonds.| 

fh 20] 97-0 | 31-7 | 20-84) 97-8 frowen BWV. ia 0h Seal 

@ Uj 38-0 | 3a6 | 29-62 | B44 

D 22) 39-6 | 905 | 29-64 | 29°6 

¢ 23) 43°0 | 362 29-H4 | 440 

% 24) cow | 426 | 30-09 | 609 020. W. to NW. fresh events | 

% 25) 502 | 47-3 | 3013 | 66-2 +100 SW, fresh briexe, some sath. 

3 26) 663 | Go-1 | 3003) Gre "100 8. to W, variable and mally, 

hh 27| fa. 49-0 | 30-03 | 63-1 +100 8.WW. stiff been, cloudy. 

© 29) 69-8 490 | 9010 | ore “100 SAW, light airy fogeye 
wy 

ae 

= 
—« 


MEMORANDA RELATIVE TO THR LINES THROWN UP TO 
COVER LISRON IN 1810.* 


Boru the subject of this little work, and the name of its distin~ 
guished author, will ut once command the attention of our readers ; 
and ax the volume itself is not accessible to the public, we fee! assured 
that some analysis of its contents will be gladly. received. The famous 
Lines of Torres Vedras are not only in their kind the proudest monu~ 
ment of British military science, but present the most stupendous ex- 
ample of « mountain-chain of intrenchments which any age of the 
world has yet seen. The results produced by those works sro still 
‘more memorable than the mere triumph of art which was achigved in 
their execution ; ond history will wetuate the moral effects of their 
structure, in the final emancipation of Eu: from the yoke of Napow 
Jeon for it is searcely too much to affirm, that the successful defence 
of the Inst nook of ugal behind the Lines of Torres Vedras, was 
the crisis of the Continental struggle ; and that the recoil of 
‘Massena’s army formed that point of reaction in the career of French 
conquest, from which all the subsequent reverses of Napoleon may be 
dated. That fallure of an eit, which he’ hd ao cavefuly pre 
pared, and so boustfully am , first khook the belief of Europe in 
the invincibility of his nrms; it taught Russia in what spirit of con 
stancy his gigantic power might be resisted, and it awakened the sub- 

j a many Be earliest hope of deliverance. 
ih eee terest which must att to every circumstance 
regarding these celebrated Lines, ar the value of all the details of their 
construction, as forming a complete study of practical science, it would 
be idle to dwell; nor will the general qualifications of Colonel Jones 
for duly illuatedting thoir features be doubted for an instant by any 
who hag perused his admirable Journal of the Peninsular epee 
Brae he has left his peculiur fitaess for the task which he bas under- 
taken to be here firat gathered from the official correspondence in the 
spans for the fact now appears, to which he had altogether abs 
t from alluding in his former volume, that, from an early period 
in the construction of the lines, the whole executive direction of the 
works was committed to his charge by Colonel Fletcher, the chief en= 
[ister, swhone plans hacl-so ably: ulélled| Uke. greet ‘conseptlten if the 
iding genius of the war, A great part, therefore, of Colonel Jones'« 
s) of the lines is, in fact, necessarily a personal narrative of 
labours under his own superintendence ; and the confidence lin 
his judgment by Colonel Flotcher,—while himself at a distance with 
the army on the frontier of Portugal is strikingly observable inn 
variety of circumstances, Among these, we cannot omit to notice one 
remarkable instance, because the gallant author hos himself modestly 
avoided to draw the attention of his readers to ite consequences. It 
that, late \¢ Frogreas of the works, Coloricl Jones discover- 
“a reason to apprehend that the intrenchments at Alhandra, on the 
Tagus, which formed the right of the advanced live, might>be tamed 


‘Memoranda relative to the Lines thrown up to cover Lisbon 
+ Jones, KLE. Gyo 188 pp. (tiated for private eiscul 
U.S Jouns. No. 17, May, 1830. 























J 





322 MEMORANDA RELATIVE TO THE LINES 
the valley of Calhandriz ; and henccordingly, on his own suge 
ps eer aamed wiakenale mae chat valley By 
in of retired redoubty and abattis. fap fo 
very 
the atten~ 
a the 
closest, ‘the 
lines; when the discovery of the manner in ek 


wilt. 
Deeacting beet at car ae cin 
formation in ‘Colonel Jones's Memoranda as our limits will admit, we 
have in the outset to express our regret, that we cannot afford our 


ies on any scale more minute than may be 
assistance of Arrowsimith’s common maps. 
Colonel Jones's first chapter contains the history and 


é 
i 
Pep 
eee 
oF 
i 
? 
FE 
i 
e 
E i 


pani 
Raoy ot ett trl fee tnt of cxpeation aor ce ft a 
ae, ie Wellin ee 


‘onsul. mon ‘a final struggle was thenceforward chee great “peat 
consideration ; and as the hope of successfully defending an extended 

ae like that of Portugal, against.a very superior and highly skilful 

ould scarcely be entertained it was decided to seek out soma. podiian 
lower Fatremadura, not Tiable to be turned or and havin 
assured communication with the sea, whieh dhoald command all the 
to Lisbon, and which position, being retrenched in the strongest 
offer a een, for re ty aie vs ued irre! a 
army, militi#, inegulars, Ke. where might, in conjunetion 

ve vietualled and supplied with ammunition for pet fakes eiea 
Brig a mort avoumble Bld for deciding the fue of va ania te aengs 
mer Ps 











nel ameeg: and bis et ‘engineer, jhe sionet Fletcher, 

‘connolssance of the country in front of Lisbon, and judying the: 

pecan by means of a chain of fortified posts to extend across the 

irected the — of engineers to poe cee miautely. ‘ite “ 

‘Slleayia tae to enable hit to ar beny theron de ine fd of defence whet 

‘ever he should deci the moment arrived for commencing the —e 
Meanwhile, the defences of Fort’ St. Julian, at ee mouth of the 

Tagus, were to be extended to caver and ensure a com: with | 


TUROWN UP TO COVER LISBON IN 1810, 523 


the fleet ; and some advanced posts at Torres Vedras, eather 
ously commanding palats, were to be retrenched, to paper 

nomavres of the aes while retiring em the meditated line or place of 
embarkation. These labours Peet uninterruptedly until the 
commencement of February 1810; when 


“The ions of the French for the conquest of Porta having pssued 
a deciled Sees Lord Wellington, duriog. the march of the army from the 
Guadiana to the Coa, revisited Lisbon, to give final orders dics ting he works 
to be erected for its protection, A few days wore sufficient to ride over and 
decide on the range of hills convertible to his views ; and having fixed the prin- 

cipal points and grand outline of his defensive system, he rooloed his army on 
the frouter, leaving the plan, trace, and exoaution of the Lieut 
Fletcher, soimnd military kaowladge and indofatigable zeal wore pledges 
forthe doais being worly the desig.” 


at once to the: ir comny and endeavour to give a gene 
ral spel pee the great features which they finally pres ae 
tural dine ee on which the principal nes were teed is, it 
is peor! to promise, the neck of that peni the 
right bank of the 2 3 and the sea, at the cn hr — 

is situated. across the whole breadth a this ca had 


ecemnee ta Bees sequel the form of a complete double aud nearly paral 
Tel chain. ateaieta and other intrenchments. The outer, or neatly parade 
line, extended from the mouth of the small river Zizandra, on the 


Agraga, the keys of the position, to Alhandra on the 3 and fol- 
lowing the trace of its defensive features, this outer line measured 
‘twenty-nine miles, Tn rear of this, the second, or principal line of de= 
fence across the Peninsula, had its loft on the sea at the mouth of the 
Tague wt Vie St. Lorenzo, (in front of Ericeira,) a ” right ae oe 
oven ings on its trace, 
PMc ence 3h Bucellas, 2 errs a ment 


e808 
Te the four et toads to Wen, while the fourtl Beret the river. 
ay rine Ts in its sinuosities, measured twenty-four miles = 


oe di deh of tho neck of the Peninsula eeess tho bad 
of the pallaes being, however, twenty-five and twenty-two 


for m moment, farther mention of the works on these 
prmcioal re wo poche sn notice the subsidiary defences which formed 
a ‘These were :>— 
Ist. ‘The no object bane ‘peat und attention ; a secure 
sens cries Seine eee : 
le power nie] 's own Janguage im 
plc lead Teas or 
eee rocky nature of the const of there: fow. 
we ns tr as 
Projected lines, only one suitable point could be found, Seager ‘bay, y 
hundred yards in length, sheltered. ocean 
ToruSt-Jalias a ihe oe‘o the agen; anderen at tat spe tara, 
gud 


524 MEMORANDA RELATIVE TO THE LINKS 
such a sea rolls in for days together that no boat can with safely approach the 


“The works to cover an embarkation were therefore to be traced of a th 
fold natures first, 'o form a. position of such extent that the whole army might 


a sy with mal post iaily Saou bo ames a ae 
fist mas bite iasu of wline’of detached radoubis abd 


intermediate defences ‘ing its right on the near Fort das Maias, at 
He fon te cstn bind he he hide 


within theis 





a was 
fected onstruction of « lags. Srsegular codlaved ia 
sammit of the height immediately én font of Fort St Julian, “The lat 
yeas found in Fort St. Julian itwlf, which, from its extravagantly 
and deep ditches, can never be successfully assaulted agninat the alight 
pepe ee bios 

int of embarkation, and looking to the re 
sitios of operations eboinating on the leh of the Tugus® a ine Bee 
‘be thrown up at Setuval, to cover the right bank of that harbour, and keep « 
-ite communication with the sea. ‘These works were to be formed | 
connected trace and partly of detached redoubts, their right bei 
ported by Fort St, Phillippe, and their left resting on a searped elif, 
Er tofence rather exceeded 1500 yards, and, besides oceupying tho, 
most favourable for the erection of batteries to annoy the transports, 
with Fort St. Phillippe, a strong post, in which a division mi 


during the embarkation of the main body of the army, and arewaly 
retreat by the sacrifice of a small rear-guard in the Fort.” 


Daly, Lion ites the prae to be dispotody was soonred ; 
$mmediate danger in case the lines should be fared: That 


Being of great size and advantageously placed for defence and subsiatino 
on the Tight hank of the Tagus, is bailalogs being of such an r 
‘nature as to ronder bombardment almost harroless, and the suburbs being ren-— 
dered ay susceptible of an lar defence, by their narrow and sunken 
approaches, and the stone houses with ironagrated windows which flank them 5. 
it was not deemed necessary to fortify the enceinte, but the Portuguese n 
couraged to ereot barriers and traverses at the several entries, to a 

j, and to mount guns on the eastie, the Pela convent, and other 
Feist pole n we 


By these means the city was placed altogether beyond a coupadee 


* « Evon in the advanced season, between the end of April quid middle of 
1610, at the large fshing-iown of Ericeira, such a surf prevailed that the 
not be launched for a ringlo morning. sali 
“Tu 1811, four jetties, to cover the place of embarkation at St Julian, were 
mwa by Capt Holioway, at an expense of £19,000, which, nok 
ocal and iautical upinion being unfavourable to their stability, vesinted the mont 
gles of wind throughout whe war, aad rendered a tonbarkavon prnctcable in all peas 
fons and weather. 





re 














THROWN UP ‘TO COVER LISBON IN 1810. 525 


main, when occupied by such forces as it was intended at the moment: 
of to throw into it. 

Bdly- The two places of Peniche on the sea, and Abrantes on the 
Tan which the enemy in an advance against the lines would be com- 
pelled to leave in his rear, were cat 'y occupied. But here again 
Colonel Jones's description will spenk for itself. 


“Ta aid of a defence of the peninsula of Lisbon, Abrantes had 
been enclosed with works, and the fortifications of Peniche had been repaired 
and augmented. The good effect of these meayunes now became carn 


frequent sorties from Pouiche kept the cantonments of the invaders ina state of 
watehfulness and alarm ; whilst Abrantes blocked to the French, and kept open. 
to the allies, the best communication across the ‘Tagus, 

“ Penicho was in all respects 2 fortress; but there being. np Poway: 
of transporting heavy artillory across the Serm de Estrella for the attack 
‘Norantoy, its defences were lirited to n resistance aguinst a euup-de-matn, oF wa 
Ei twelve-pounders.* ‘s a ~ 

garrison of Abrantes was composed altogether in the service 

of Portugal, commanded by a 1 governor. ‘The only British in the 

place were the engineers, the senior of whom, Capt. Patton, (the officer who had 

conatructed the defences,) being a man of peculiar gallantry and firmness, was, 

order of Lord Wellington, male one of council of defence ond any prope 

ilvon for surrender was forbidden to be tendered cor reedlved without RE nena 
‘being signed in approval of the measure. 

™ Marshal Massena early saw the importance of Abrantes, to secure a com- 
munication with, and euable him to draw supplies from, the Atemtejo ; and 
previously to retiring from before the lines, caused the works to be closely ree 
eee ies when they were deemed too strong to be attempted by a coupe 
main.” 


Athly, and lastly. The country opposite to Lisbon on the opposite 
bank ct the river was secured. 

“In the beginning of Decembor, some movements of the Fronch troops in 
the south of Spain leading to the belief of a diversion being intended in the 
‘Alomtojo, in aid of renewed operation against the lines, the promontory of Al- 
mada, on the left of the Tagus, opposite to Lisbon, which commands the navi- 
gation of the river, and from whence shella will range over a great portion of 
the citys} was rotronched, under the superintendence of Capt. Goldfinch. 

“'The left of die povition rested on the broad basin of the on the 
boights immediately ore Mutella ; its centre was on Monte de Caparica, Lu= 
garde Monte, and its right on the rocky cliff called the Altos da Raposaira, 
rising above the sea, the whole extent of its front being about 8000 yards. A 
chain of redoubts, severitoon in number, flanking each other, and having tleches 
in their front, more completely to see into the rivines, were established on the 
‘most prominent knolls of this line, their defence being united with, and support= 
ed by, several country houses in their rear, which being built of stone with stone 
onclosures, might at any moment be rendered formidabl Lr A sunken 
which extended nearly throughout the position, in rear 
a secure communication between them, and was — 
cutie ofcer to ad to ter, defences by cutting a ening of 

in its front so as fo into a regular covered-way, wi 
tL points which gave tho best Raaks, and could beet be soppovied from the 











eee Timited to the ealibre of « 12-pounder, to 
ss aang tar ai in th ee stip —— 
$ Tae e oes patios of tivitend bed ed emilee ‘completion of the 





526 MEMORANDA RELATIVE TO THE LINES 


“The dilapidated castle of Almada was repaired and armed for . 
‘as to form a species of interior citadel, which should we the tu 


tion between the fleet and the several of the roads were 

ay oatlous pats of fe fomag 15 gor vey samt 
we being proposed to nce of this position 

aarines of 


entrust the of 
oe of he Hit the wie suit tte cor} 
were made of uni 
igemeti ed 
tivons for the whole when cor being 7500 inen and 


ordnance, Any attack st Alwadia a iste Cold 
operation ; for, even if successful, the Tagay would 








‘ive 
¢ rude outline, and Art 


i rendered it 

shall begin with the has already anid, was the principal 
line ; its most important points being the three passes ‘roads of 
Mafra; Moatachigue. and. Bacelles, Commencing. the trasii-fraax Bie 
sea 


Ribamar, to the pass of Mafra, Py 


therafore, presenting no 
to select it for his prineipal line of 
tracks, and the establishment of artillery i 
loubts being seven in wumber, on the projecting lank 
sible part the avcent, was sufficient to enable a small corps of 


nies 
‘The next portion, from the of Mafra inclusive to that of Mon- 
ERA caes cere fell Srtitied — 


“ For, though the main ascent at Mafra, viewed as an isolated e, 
sossen great al Shore jasmboh ypoans pois ight aeaaee Sa as 
a royal park (tapada), the featares which are bat very moderately bold 






ee 
reminder wis, suspetdd, in of the iaconveniencn it w the 
teeuplor of privite dwellings, and the ki shat the road re 
yr eae el pie 
sand mach through the Abecatcj.” ; 





THROWN VP TO COVER LISBON iN 1810. 527 


Set ear a Races ete 


post, consisting of three redoubts, prevented the strong corps 
allotted for the defence of Matra from being turned With art on 
their left, in case any portion of the ravine from Ribamar be 
forced, und formed a support to the whole of that front ; the 
town of Mufra itself was also formed into a defensive se. 
mame In vse amen details, the 


‘The difficult pass of Montachique 
was closed, and the ‘igh road ircugh iv optlsded Uy e seater af 
twelve ee redoubts mounted with twenty-five pieces of artillery. 
From Moutachique to Bucellas, the heights being of » nature 
ye Rpeced ont aadige oe ae 
eee al 


the feN ey oe! ‘its entrance 
road to the advancing — under their firv-” 
But between the of Bucellas and the 18, full scope wis 
ger ea cour drome ex thi’ rede ee reel 
the first two miles, indeed, the Serra de Serves, « high and ra 


dificult ridge, with ea any break, still 5 but at 

its feb termination, the ally fal tothe river. This in- 
terval Se os Peay Brown th right fk fe monn. 
and the Tagus, was most laboriously fortified ; ee oes A 


taken of every feature of the ground to give it 
of the village of Via ha ot works were ane a ony iy ee 
a Iacoments for artill 
musketry, abate were felled, and broad and bed wn 
a eee ee a direction to be 
beers by the fire elise hoe on the river. But, notwi ring 
after every resource of art had been exhausted, this part of the line 
pevida th Longa remained confessedly far the weakest ; and there- 
foro much operant aeoeeerly Sas the nid which b i would 
receive from a post An 
bout Be souiet : 





S28 MEMORANDA RELATIVE TO THR LINES: 


tured, if the rest of the advanced Jing to its left should be 
transverse chain of redoubts was constructed by Colonel Jones's 
gestion between the two lines, to securely connect the advanced 
of Athandra, with the bluff extremity of the Serra de Serves in the 
second ; while the whole of the breadth of the valley was blocked ae 
by astrong, abattis and well-flanked retrenchments, and the face of 
Serra itself, all the way from Bucellas, was artificially fi 
‘Such, then, was the traly formidable aspect of the or princi~ 
pal line, extending, as already said, across u direct distance of twenty> 
two milos, and connected and strengthened by sixty-nine redoubte, 
which mounted 232 pieces of cannon (12 ‘aad O-posadecs)s Sxd9e2 0 
quired 17,600 men for their j 
The first, or advanced line, presented a character of leas aystematic 
arrangement, which was im} upon it by the different circumstances 
of its original objects. For, as its principal natural features of Torres 
Vedras, Monte Agraga, and Albandra, had not, been at first occupied 
with the same view of pain ean into a continuous chain ag the 
works of the principal lino, t] appear to have been more 
ity of design, and less harmony of completencss in its parts. 
the mountain summits and dependent features of ground at 
Vedras and Agraga were first fortified, those two places were 
merely as strong isolated posts, of the nature of petty or field fortrosses, 
to block up the principal approaches into Lower Estremadura, and 
cover the manceuvres of the army, while retiring on the meditated 
sitions in rear, or indeed, on the place of embarkation ; and even 
the works of the prineipal Tine were in. progres, theae tive were de 
tended only to serve * as valuable outposts to the defensive line, nt 
distance of from six to nine miles in its front.” The works at Torres 
Vedras, therefore, consisted of a large fort, with two dependent re~ 
doubts, mounting forty pieces of cannon, requiring a gurrison of 2200 
men, and ering te pina seni the eantle fn the town, and 
the convent of St. Joa above it, being algo converted ite oe 
for artillery with 700 men; and it is worth noticing, after 
Jones, that it was only the accidental circumstance of these works: 
being undertaken three months before any part of the main ling, added 
to the previous celebrity of the pass, that caused their nume to kp 
pulurly given to the whole system of defence uf which they formed bi 
thesmost advanced portion. Like that of Torres Vedras, the summit 
of Monte Agraga was occupied by a principal fort for 1000 "men 
25 pieces of ordnance, with three dependent redoubts, requiring in all 
gurrisons of about the same number, and mounting 19 guns. . 
ie was, then, tes pe ee outworks ae Fi aa 
» Monte Agraga, advan covering the right flank of 
main defences at Alhandra, that eh es exiga of 4 protracted resist= 
ance became matured, the whole of the advanced or first line was. 
dually formed. On the left, from Torres Vedras to the sea, 
country along the course of the little river Zizandra was open, and 
offered an aaa facility to the enemy to turn thut Sakata 
three redlanlits onty hd ven thrown tip to.wateh the eft bsink Bear 
stream. Here, 
“ Following up the course 6f the Zizandra (whieh in summer is a ings 
count stream) to Torres Vedras, additional redonbts were now thrown up to" 





THROWN UP ‘TO COVNR LISKON IN 1810. 529 


mains. 
menoed, whieh the ‘that the advance of the army entered the 
Tines, the river overflowed its ‘anrl in a short time more than half the vale 
Tey became so complete & bog, that no reward could induce aay of 
to altempt to [ass over iC; and that position of the front which in 
mer 
attack.” 

‘To prevent the necessity of reverting to this part of the works again, 
JEioad bere be oncced’ Het, after the occupation of Wio‘linwa ax ths 
spring advanced, fourteen udditional redoubts, 

+ Mounted with 36 pieces of orduance, were completed bebind the Zizandia, 
and the left bauk of that river was scarped to compensate the fall of the water, 
‘and'preserve the equilibrium of defence,” 

At the other extremity of the advanced Ine, the interval from the 

across a marsh to the summit of the heights of Alhandra, was 
converted sod - — continuous line Pee so ax to admit 
of the ground in its being generally and closely flanked by re- 
tired batteries, which were excavated in the flank of the sors at 


been weakest, became, during the winter, in some degree secure from 


Those battories wore of a very powerful nature, and being complately.co- 
vered from all ground in their freak cont ‘not be cannonaded or even ae by 
an enemy, until almost on the glacis of the defences actoss the low ground, 
consequently rendered any effort to force that line utterly hopeless. 

ve ftom the right ofthe mountain of Allandra, two miles of front were, asa 
fleld postion, eendered strong (o-au exceas; for slong whe thes of the outta, 
near. lis suimmnit, u scarp, almost perpendicular, frow Aftcen to. eighteen’ feet in 
Sopth, was cut oe blased; every part of wich vas closely flanlce! by a covered 
Pay ead geal aed ty alley acu neler eo 
Srvc ow the at pons of the’ hgii~al hee aking work be 
jor, and. plumged into by lorger and stronger redoubt, situated ‘ou comunda, 
fag tnterion peaks of the mouiain.” 


Finally, from the left extremity of the works on the Alhandra 
heights, the hills through the Arruda pass to Monte abr} 
naturally bold and precipitous, and admitting by thoir ration. 
an casy dofesce with limited numbers, the establishment of a few re~ 
doubts, the destruction of roads, and the blocki as the ravines in 
the gorges, sulliced to give great strength to all termediate space 
between Alhandra and Monte Agragn, ‘Thus the defences of the se~ 
cond line may be snid to have been uninterrupted on the Sy arated 
tho Tagus to the great work on Monte Aaraps, and on the loft from 
the npieo tha mala post ab oreo Veins 3 i Scaied error shee 
two points, a distance of seven unprovit 
with artical defences. But oe ta AD ae 

“This space, from having a and intersected front, and both flanks se 
our Presented @ most excellent of battle fur on army with an inferior 
cavalry 

‘The front or advanced Hne appoars to have contained, besides the 

forts of Torres Vedras and Monte Agraga, about sixty-five re~ 
and other entrenchments; mounting in all 319 of ord= 
nance, and requir ER ls - 

‘To many vul te detuils in the preparations of the defences, 
fally dgsorlbed by Colonel Jeno, and all most admirable in thotr kind, 


2 | 
$30 MEMORANDA RELATIVE TO THE LINES: 
can but briefly refer. Military roads covered from the 


we 
the shortest lateral communication between the works, had 
ed throughout the whole extent of both lines. The bridges 


ij 
in 


eee ee for destruction ; woods in 
every direction were felled and ereatSd into impassable abattis ; 
and all ol ions to the fire of the works, such va 


3 


trees, walls, &c, were generally levelled at the latest moment that 


ion of orders, were secure and commanding along 
the whole front of defence on both lines, and the at these 
stations, which were worked by a part; tafe tee 
Hine to another in seven minutes, with i 1 


de~ 
fence, to the different works, and made to exercise the 
guns, and practise various defensive mancuvres. 


“The artillery mounted in the several works wore 12, 0, or 6-pounders, with 
fou esate tela howitzers in the larger forts; they were all 
iron ordnance, on carriages of a most primitive construction, with su 
trucks, as to be perfectly immovable aver broken ground, and 
‘not tovbe immediately rendered useful to an enemy on carrying a redoubt. 
amtillery of every work, being mounted with the view to guard some fixad ob- 
Ject, fleed through embrasures.” 


‘The large forts at Torres Vedras and Monte Agraga were supplied, 
in good, ae splinter-proof magazines, with 160 rounds of ammunition 


© gun, 80 of which were gra 
Fodonbts were supplied with 00 


vided smal plaaod a monary to held fo geese oer 
water per mean for the calculated rine : heeibes the token enfag te 
oceee se aie 3 and in work « depét of entrenching tools 


z 


in 
SS aA he valaaia ot years ay from 
the beginni i prince! ine in the spring of 1 this 
ia undertaking wat eckaally completed in lee thon Sight taper 
workmen employed, besides a detachment of regular 5 Be 
lected to act ws overseers and artificers, and two regiments of 
guese militia which were ullotted as pioneers, con wholly of the 
itry of the surrounding districts, who were put in requisition as 
Ekensecss and the greatest number thus employed at one time, ex- 
ceeded scven thousand. Peeters eg tees | 
number of officers of engineers employed on the lines never e 
seventeen, with the assistance of about a score of their own soldiers, 








THROWN UP TO COVER LISBON IN 1810. 53 


and a hundred and fifty artificers from the line. ‘The 
ir tel, on acento te te, otic omen 
ae ‘ray, amounted 10 nearly 100,000 ad 


a rag epee ape pee es Sage et Ae tan ny 
povition of Almada, the repair and preservation of the various defences and 
‘communications, and by indemuities to some individuals for wrentoaly 
destroyed, ar taken for the use ofthe troops during the occupation ofthe Hinwe’ 

ator th the timbers of magazines, for ilatforme, ah ee ee bar- 

and bridges across the ditches, above 50,000 tres 
iors) wer then sient teenie 
eae auger image! for them, provision of artil~ 
iy ami ad ordnance stores, was made by the Portuguese 
ities from the arsenal at Lisbon, Finally, 

“The length of retrenchment completed at the period when the army oceu- 
pneame phery of 126 enced work, wee catlated 
‘on the data before mention = ofan 29,751 ean ee 


the same peal. 
“Tn 112, when the lines were considered as perfoct as they could basses 
‘they consisted of 152 distinct works, armed with 534 pieces of ordnance, 
required on the same calculation 34,125 men for their garrisons, ‘The embarka- 
tion position remained as above deseril 
After this general deseripion‘of thn lnaas woe next abridge the 
i tk author's ‘Reston i) history of their occu) ay pogaehe 
back by the most leisurely movements, time was 
the ny pcg ht whch and on the 7th of 


The whole of the country whieh had been wo hook as 
ir cl catty cheno “i 
fed 60 ach district, for the purpose of erp iiaining the shed pnd 

of the several fortified posts, 10 beable thn Feneral officers to take up their 


allotted ground in the most expeditions manner. <r ened 


vere Gane pais mea a ceet ot 
as shoul it 
on snd oa ren rb columns” 
Tho original intention by Colonel Jones's account, to have” 
Ln hcirpe ih fs map ry ere pao 
lew acisnts to old points of the advanced line. 
ther rirenienla 66 ea 


“ Not being pressed by the in eoosequence ofthe sendy siping 
otis sf ry ne 





532 MEMORANDA RELATIVE TO THE LINES ~ 


‘Torres Veds and Monte Agriga. ‘To cecupy tiem proporly, would be to 
[poles and encribice a tssaber St good tvopewllcaut any Shion; able aban 
don, oF leave them with inefficient garrisons to fall or capitulate, would be to 
faroah subject of ump to the invades, ky t produce She wont ect om 
the flings of the troop and of the populaven. Lord Wallington, aware 
the great steength which whe heights of Aland, Calhandrit, Ke othe right 
flank of thane floats had aitxined andi that the fins then pouring down witht 
their accustomed autumnal violence, rust swell the Zizandra on their lef flatiky 
and soon render it a formidable defensive obsincle, when there would remain 
from the sea to the Tugus”” 
Only the open but easily defensive epace of seven miles before re~ 
ferred valbaoreen Torren Vedsea“and onto Agract, decided Kiba ey 
halt. Destining that space as the central point of his defensive ma~ 
noeuvres, he placed “ 
‘Tho main body of his troops upon it, fixing his personal hesid-quarters at 
ero Negro, immediatly in its reas, and’ commuicating wth all parts of the 
ling) from the telograpt on the elevated point of Monte Agrasa, forming its 
right flank” 


‘The British army which entered the lines consisted of 22,000 in~ 
fantry, and 3000 cavalry, with about u similar number of P. 
infantry ; besides the artillery, militia, and ordenanza, who, formi 
the eae of the works, left all the regular troops deo! di 
for their support. Colonel Jones here gives no statement of the 
assilngforee; but adopting bis previous estimate from authentic dow 
cuments in bis Journal of the Sieges, it may, on the lowest computa 
tion, be ascertained at 5000 cuvalry, about an equal number of 
and troops of the ordnance, and 40,000 infantry—or in round numbers 
60,000 men. OF the allies, Gen. Hill's corpa of two divisions were 
posted on the right to guard the position of Alhandm; from thence 
the light divison, under Gen. Craufurd, extended along the front 
through Arruda, to the great work at Monte Agraga; the divi- 
sion, under Gen. Leith, took post on the reverse of that height ; three 
divisions, (the first, fourth, and sixth,) under Gens, Spencer, Cole, and: 
Campbell, occupied the central interval between Monte 
‘Torres Vedras; und finally, the third division, under Gen. 
supported the works at Tortes Vedras, and watched the line of the 
Zizandra nway to its extreme left on the sea. A corps of 
niards, which ‘crossed the Tagus from Budajos, under the Marquis de 

ana, was afterwarde placed in reserve bebind the centre; and the 
cavalry were cantoned principally on the flanks of the rear line, to act 
if occasion should require on the plains near the Tagus, and on the 
broken tracts betiveen the two lines. The defence of Lisbon, in case 
of a reverse, was entrusted to its dy apes irrison, a fine of 
British marines sent from sine and det vents of seamen 





the powerful squadron in the 

“On the Bth of Cetober, the advance under Gen, Hill reachéd Athandra. 
‘The previous night the autumnal mine had began to fall in torrents, and eon 
tinuing throughout the two following days, the newly-formed communications 
became heavy and deep with mad ; nevertheless, in consequence of the good ~ 
arrangements previously made, the succveding divisions marched directly 
thelr allotted points of occupation, and separated at the fixed turnings, into 





THROWN UP TO COVER LISBON IN 1810. — 


acres 


as! 


their respective 

the alert, the field artillery pit cor it} position, and every other arrangement 
made to repel an attack. ‘It was, however, late in the aNemoon before the ener 
began to net: Marshal Massena then, with a eone body oF exraey dike 
the Fi regina ill ee e height ‘shove the: ‘town, from 
whence full view of the works opposed to him; and judging from theit 
extent and formidable ay ince that it was the intention seriously to dispute 
the ground, he withdrew his cavalry in the night, and Sobral was next morning 
re-occupied by strong British pickets.” 


Here we may observe, that the profound ignorance in which an 
enemy, 80 fntelligent and inquisitive as the ich, had been kept 
respecting the lines, is all one of the most extraordinary circam- 
stances in modern warfare. Colonel Jones says, 


“ Secrecy, with respect to the extent and nature bide works goit 
was seieoed, ‘and it is highly creditable to all concerned, that sca a vague 
Paragraph respecilog the fies found bs way ino the public prin notwithe 
Hing the mugni finde ‘of the works, the invaders remained ee of the 
natare of the barrier raised against them, till they found the army arrayed on it 
to stop their farther advance.” 








guese traitor, De na, who attended mh im 
assured Massena, that after passi ida, hae 
nothing 10 arrest his The astonishment. of the French 


Marshal at_his fst view ef the formidable works of the ooter line 
Babi therefore, be conceived; and is said to have been naturally 
ited in his laconic question to De Lorna, “ Do you call this nothing, 
Marquis?" 
“On the 1ath, the French infantry having elased ee 
dlzected a great tft agninst Bare hoi 


be aden oe, to him without a struggle. He eine st it 
and closely su them by ‘bodies bivouacked in its 
ima py ha a Ri with, he remainder ‘of his 
re of Alemquer. ee = ee bPnedis A 
Roe act on the weakest point of the LA 

the road_ of Zibriera and Bibaldiera, to fel lies, pig 
ack: driven back, the advanced posts of the hostile armies arranged pot 
selves almost in contact along the valley by Doas Portas Peelag ord Tuna. ‘The 
French cavalzy pickets took, on the road between the town of Sobral and 
Monte Agraga, with their vi ei the lower kaolls of the moaninin imme- 
diately under the great redoubt; and the remainder of the Freach army formed 








Bat MEMORANDA RELATIVE ‘TO THR LINES ? 


hivouses in the tract of country froin Sobral 10. the agus, 
= crery past of tine Trou Zibriore to Alhandra, and vieie ght bag, a 





relieved, were unceasingly em u 7 
cahsanligg pole shove ebaldie’ aod dicen: Tew sly fase } 
cep ep 
es fon were estab on various ing ts 
ea ee roads of communication formed to them, Po iat waa tne 


Firs cen Gera lt ainda pao = lowe 
aren parry tbe skid dispeciion ofthe Towadlng army, eight 
ie r, tO a tion of the int 
tions from il earn feta 
Hing ete as of Buell retin to move ay moment othe supe 
of ra, of of the mala body of the army, by the roads of Zibriera 


. . . . . . * 


7 morning, two hours before y-totel Ci tore stele 
at the point oreseubly of their several cantonments, as did also the 
of the works; Lard Wellington, in penn, beng in the fort, on Monte 
in readiness to direct any geneml movement, according to the exigencies 
moment. The army thas remained under arms till a communication from 
joc ‘of the line, and ocular demonstration, had assured their o 

‘no change had taken place in the disposition of the hostile ‘nor amy 
jprepustion Pern mae for immediaio alaak } tbe sores divisions aad begat: 
Were then ordered to resume their daily labours of strengtheuing their vespective 


‘Marshal Massena mado in a very close reconnoissance of the right 
ofthe fines; and on the 16th, faring remal 

rous staff examining the entry of the valley of Calhandriz, a shot eng fixed at 
piers eichcr hae ee 

jes a the wai Sy ie had, and 1 
oni This reconpplemnce served wo ron fona meh cama tbe 
means to attack an army 80 
sbebn fared! alshla vias tell s. focom an cont eae 
forced ; aud after remaining’ in his original bivouacs till he bad exhaasted 
the country, and his troops were becoming sickly, he retired on the night of 
the 14th November towards Senta, and was nest day clowely followed by 
ington.’ 

‘Thus, after the French army had remained a fall month inactive 
before the lines, terminated the pouinr ioc eae 
During the winter, Marshal Massena continued to oci his. qT, 

inal etroa, he | 
Tt in needless 

* There was no with to injure Marshal Massena, but merely to-make him ret 
a doven guns might & readily have boon dachargd at him as one. Napoleon, who, 
Storage spoke aoa Seasoned on mifitary sut ‘baa left recorded, in Count Las 
Cases’ Journal, an excellent olnervation om fly ot Steg haga plo srt 





at an individoal injury is medis 


THROWN UP TO COVER LISBON iM 1810. 535 


popsin cee biel the lines ever put their-value 

epritcated tambon me ie iiftanit to reps = hele ot 

smi ike denn, tat the French should have proved 

‘wary to assault ee ent ee a anne bee 

Sint thee temerity would ghia the deen al cap 
Tt was und {, indeed, at the moment, says Colonel 


“That Gen. Junot strongly urged Marshal Massena to jit him to ad~ 
yen mies toe (Monte Agraga) with ave eae the dawn of 
make a desperate effort 10 cary tie Aasgo work by 

‘rood counsel abstractedly, and the assault would Ml probaly have been crowned 

‘with success, had the gurrison been isolated j Alvar Baing/& division ef to- 

bol Necheearcee in roar of the Mayhew as od under arms every morning: 

long daybreak, and had a ready communication all round the counter 

they would Have marched on the flauk of the assailants on thy 

‘being tired, and te ede een aorta hy ds 
structive.’ 


é 
z 


had not found it necessary to fall back on their principal line of 
jee ; nor had the invaders even been permitted to see the inex 


pagnable bulwarks of that line. 
the masterly consideration of the merits of these celebrated 
Tines, which occupies Colonel Jones's second chapter, we much 


regret 
‘that we have so little space left. His details fully bear out the asser- 
tion given in his Journal of the sieges, that 


All the objections heretofore wi Vines fail in their to 
igs re htt perinte pecs eee 


% gorges alone ‘uerived their total strength from retrenchments.”” 


For Tnst extract, afford onl ion of his judicious 
refleatiour anjete'peuuliay charectorlitise ‘ia Bikes is 


«Ona comparison of the two lines, it must be admitted me) looking to 
mations during summer, the rear line Pesaran liciousty 
for the arena of defence, as it contains rane most | 
tibution of strength of front, ‘Thus the greater Loomer rehash from 


ne ty Parton andy de bi tithe toed 


Europe, atthe 
advantage fi ipducel ‘that i Se 
tha go of rent ual eaten am Siyrn be 


“Th any extromity arising from an overwhelming putvuity ond a aunt 


536 MEMORANDA RELATIVE TO THI LINKS! 





dering thom nither fortresses of support than 
alluded to is the: peri ‘of Monte Junto, 
front of the centre Cor pacpereche gen paren re aein 

ts to preolude the march of an array with avtillery over its summits not. 
cidgo of Barepido, which nearly connects Monte Junto with the position 
eroased with artillory without a publicity and delay which would have 
‘the movement of 


: ey y and the can only be avoided: 
ing along the road of Rana, which was included within the line of 
strme coneuently divide the ack an tet of he Roa 
two. tions, givi he march £0. 
orps ftom Gppoalie Allanden to the line ot the Zaandra below Tors 
‘whsrens, from the postion of the main body of the 
mn 




















“ Trimay also be observed, in flrther justification 
that the and ith whi 
could be sent at 


‘over 
5M Asa 
of their meri 


eee. 


THROWN UP TO COVER LISBON IN 1810, 53T 


‘ments of troops within, and to cramp and confine the movernents of those with- 
‘out; in short, to give such powers of defence and communication to every por 
tion of the front that the army might remain concentrated in a body, keopi 
only detached corps of observation on its right and left, which, from setarel 
artificial strength of their positions, might repel a weak or’ sustain a serious 
attack il mecoured; and that at no point should a.com engage, bot wider the 
favourable circumstances of a strong front, secure flanks, facility of movement, 
‘and ain open, but inattackable rear. 
“The redoubts, generally speaking, were merely securities for anillry ia 
those situations where a fire of that azure was demanded by some speci ob- 


the lines altogether present a most favourable example of the just applicution of 
‘the engineer's art in. ance of, bat invariably: ncbescefen! to tactics, creating 
pivots and supports, but never a tie of restraint, on field-movemonts.”» 


Of Colonel Jones's two lust chapters, containing “ Observations on 
Line and Retrenched apa ly,” and ‘* Memoranda relative 
to various Details of Field Works as thrown up on these Lines,” we 


shall only observe, that they afford some lessons of experience, which 
aro perfectly invaluable. ‘The author state, that the furmer of these 
two chapters, “was originally com; as a vehicle for a series of 
notes illustrative of the principles of Field Fortification, and of the art 
of fortifying generally, but which are too bulky to insert in this parm= 
phlet:”"but we cannot conclude without declaring a hope, that the 
private form of circulation which he has chosen for Memoranda ie 


aly rating tothe Tne, wil ot be allowed to bnew suporndd 3 
it wit vement to nem of every branch 
of his profession: we trast that Colanel Jones willbe persuades 


2 we trust that to en= 
large and publish, for the benefit of the young alficers of the British 
army, the Inst portions of this little work, which, we do not hesitate 
to say, already contain, even in their present simple and unpretending 
form, an infinitely larger portion of professional instruction, than is to 
ae is, muny very voluminous and elaborate systems of Field 

leat 


U.S. Jouns. No. 17 May, 1930. ax 


See - 
SERVICE AFLOAT DURING THR LATE WAR 


BEING THE PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF A NAVAL OFPICER. 


‘Tue P— was one of the old eighteen-gun-brig loops, 9 class 
Dappily long since gone by. Circumscribed in their meh for the 
complement of men, which, in common with the largest spo 
they were allowed, and their heavy thirty-two pounder 
the long slides of which whon the guns were ran out completely 
cumbered the decks, so as to render the working of the and all 
Tocomotion extremely difficult ; they were but ill adapted to such a 
station as the North Seas in the inclement season, La their construc~ 
tion, convenience or comfort, from the arrangement and want of 


T had j jitted, made all this the it, and the first coup= 
just quitted, m: this the more apparent, am 
tail an penting foot on board, produced rrtpees which subse 
quent ex; ‘was not calculated to obliterate. + 
Under the immediate orders of Commodore Owen in the Immorta- 
lité, who, as I before remarked, commanded a detached squadron of 
the lighter vessels, and whose attachment to the smell of gonpowder, 
and the praiseworthy desire of inspiring others with the same ai 
Jed him often, without other apparently adequate inducement, to court 
destruction under the batteries,—we were frequently @ mark for the 
eran wactice, Now and then, ‘tis true, a tempting opportunity 
would offer when some of the numerous convoys continually dropping 
down along the const, from a scant wind or otherwise an the 
headland, would be obliged to stand farther than ustal from the 
and of which we sometimes successfully availed ourselves, hold 
of a gun-boat, or a few small craft with stores; but in general, the end 
ie did not appear proportioned to the risk and sacrifice incurred 
Wh aaa be th jive thar dictated ffensive moves 
hatever it e motive that dictated our of 4 
ments, they were incessant, and the honest bourgeois of Boulogne will 
Jong remember our feats ; our frequent and various enterprises, and thé 
‘uncertainty of our attacks, could not fail to keep them on the qui vive, 
particularly in the lower towa, which suffered more than once our 
shells, Several of the squadron suffered severely in the loss of men 
and boats, in various Gnolnted attempts to cut out vessels under the 
amuzzles of their guns, and even at their pier-heads ; and these under~ 
oad desperate as they were hopeless, never paused for want of 
lunteers. oe 
A short time after I quitted her, the M—— lost some of her boats, 
with the second lieutenant, two or three midshipmen, and some 
or thirty of the élité of the ship's company, the greater part of whom 
were killed or wounded, in the forlorn attempt to cut out a brig, one 
af the oil moored withia musket-shot of the shore. On 
occasion, the first-lieutenant of one of our frigates, reconnoitring: 
harbour by night, mounted the pier, in defiance of obstacles apparently 





* Continued from page 302 





SERVICE AFLOAT DURING THE LATE WAR, 539 


insurmountable, and the Ar vigilance of the sentinels, one of 

whom he surprise and shot on his post. Avnarrative of these affairs, 

many of which from their failure, and the sacrifice of lives and men, 

wore not always fully detailed to the public, would form an interesting 

volume of the most dauntless daring ever recorded; but I shall con- 

Hine myself to the flatten of li blak ol fri love tna aae 
vor in. 

At daylight on the 12th of March, having kept well in-shore durin, 
‘the night, in company with the Aggressor gun-brig, perceiving a sm: 
convoy coming round Cape Grisues, on ite Lin from Calais, we 
in among them, in spite of the batteries, and succeeded in capturing 
three of them; one the French National lugger gua-boat, the Pene 
riche of two guns, and two transport Schuyts. 

In the month of April, the notable attempt to block up the harbour 
of Boulogne, by ing large mnsses of stone at the entrance, and 
whieh ‘hal been for a considerable time delayed by the unfavourable 
state of the weather, was at length made. On the 12th, the Monarch, 
bearing the fag of Admiral Lord Keith, with the greater part of the 
‘Downs squadron, escorting the lony stone chips, arrived at 
the anchorage off Boulogne. ‘The Intter were three old Indiumen of 
considerable bull, filled with huge blocks of stone, remularly cemented 
and clamped together with ifon, s0 as to form one mass, extend~ 
ing from the after to the fore-hold. Between this and the sides of the 
‘vessel, a space was left, a a ready communication fore and aft, 
in which, asin other parts of the hold, were distributed faggots and 
combustibles for consuming the hulls; and in the fore-bold, neur the 
step of the fore-mast, was a scuttle opening inwards, by which it was 
proposed to sink them. The only point for the effectual execution of 
the project was necessarily within formidable line of enemy's vos- 
sels in the ronds and the sen batteries, and withip less than half mus- 


kot-shot of the pier-heads, under the mmugsles of the numerous artillery 
which bristled from every point of the heights overlooking them. 

‘The tide serving betiveen ten aud eleven v.m,, and the wind and 
weather being as favourable as could be wished, every pi ion was 
made for the hermatical blockade of the Loci tos Seana 
‘night, and the P—— having a prominent part to per! on the oven~ 
sion,—our station being to carry in and deposit the said masonry st the 
spot before Se a eatietins Amid the bustle and 
— whic! as the anxious moment approached, the infu= 
ence of that high and iadefnsble excitement, a melenge of hope, dab, 


and suspense, which usually precedes the immediate execution of somo 


results, all Barer the experiment would not be made without 
some broken ‘As the day closed, the wind fell. a 
Snir i Sas with a Light breeze, but tho 
being unable to male su! ee et ee 
after obliged to resume our anchorage, and forego any farther 
Se Ser eee eae ee ae 
id fow: nights on only the 
tides permitted the exocution of the scheme, the same cause frustrated 
any farther efforts to carry our charge to its final destination ; and as 
2x2 


540 SERVICK AFLOAT 
th of th esses, already much shaken by.the 
ae eee or roar tie Decca eadets tanita 


artificial dyke at low water, leading ieee 
logue, aud such the rapidity and eddy af 
it was a hundred to one if any large vessel, in a 






i uld hit with sufficient precision the ni point. What 
Hote en, coud be ruonably fotersned of ing with these 
huge unmanageable hulks, which sailed so ill, the. 


able to the ent l, what would have been effected ? 

the whole would have been left sufficiently dry at low water to 

ite pean sp pit have <—— no aie 

placing at isposal, e enemy a timely suppl ling ma- 
Paral foe thele vor attoriog, ot ot ton ent oe 


Between this and the month of July, we had few mingr affairs 
with the flotilla and ies, but whicli, unproductive of any results 
“of interest, it is not ‘to dwell on. < 


any hostile attempt on a sufficien 
went lesvons, bearded and defied to their very teeth ax 
continus haa must in no small degree have abated that 
final ixgue of their momentous adventure—the 
soul of enterprize, and on which the morale of an army must. mail 
depend, So palpable in a short time was all this, that the 
of invasion which the formidable demonstrations made in this quarter 
had created, and which at first caused so lively a sensation aang: all 
classes, and for a long time continued to frighten so many old indies 
out of their senses, soon lost all its terrors. "A small. portion af Joasl, 


DURING THE LATE WAR. 541. 


being able to avail themselves in ois serie of the fees and short 


eee 
the roads outside, 90 as to act hates tts nest he 

tingencies were so numerous, that these eee woul vets 5 
contend with in the interval of assembling, for want 
open unsheltered road, among rocks and shonls, with pets for 
want of practice, on the most favourable occasions, evinced no no great 
= of nautical skill, and which, when encumbered with sea-vick 

totally unused to the watery clement, and distracted by the 
Es of u apna and was ‘Legeten on the one side, ach beset with 
all sorts of di dangers on the other, could not be expected 
to improve, that he ac ee of even this fundamental operation was 
extremely problematical. 

‘These facts and many more were daily exemplified. bis the finest 
weather, seldom more than a hundred or a hundred and thirty of the 
flotilla ventured to tuke their station in the roads, a situation no 
longer tenable when a gale or heavy sen set into the bay 

On: the 19th of July, « division of praums, brigs, ‘one Isggery, to the 
number of one bundred and fifty, were thus sudden! ones it ied 
north-east gale and heavy sea setting into the roads, 
to weigh in the greatest Tonfutian aed week refuge Satie tink pare 
the Tine to levvard of the harbour bearing up and running away ee 
Etaples, Portel, and St. Valery. The day mae drawing to a close 
= the latter, taking advantage of the weather tide, Pec reed * 

ped 5 cen when, our sigaal, with that of the Autumn, 
beret being made to attack them, we stood in shore for that par 
ae close ieee top-sails. We were soon among them, but the 
Kary of the gale, the heavy sea and a lee shore, though our vicinity 
bee, less poe the confusion and contributed to the Taio 
: destruction Cand ee us from mikonk ip ea 
rently occupied with the more appalling dangers 
did not return a shot; the inertee batterie were not Newer; 
ile ‘hey comtinned playing on us all the tine we were within 
ited trains of the shells tracing their flight tov 
cae of y through the lurid tempestuous al ere, 





bore a melancholy testimony to tho ie wed ht, 
numerous must have been ‘camualtien Gazing. Ghia evebttal nights of 
which the waves had left no traces. According to the French accounts, 
four hundred seamen and soldiers sta ‘the number of veusels 


ba tarttandnt 
ery with signals arn i ing To the westward 
. harbour of Boulogne we observed a brig, a lugger, and several boats. 


me SERVICE APLOAT, 

ak Tia eyes to thu-dmopraotiasblliey- of ie digniag 

r x all 

dispel a of ie eghiaot wales rrasnde ls ie mil 
LOM 


the latter end of August, the vent, 

Ae eal ian the tog an Papert 
N ari ha rep wh 
1 for 


the ete the heights north-east of the town. 
about noon, a movement was observed a he flotilla in: 
ig of sixty-two brigs and forty-two Iuggers, and at 
7 AE yy Saree = 
a Ae latter, under the command of Count Julian Le Ray, es 
corting two handsome een | 3, easily disti ible from: 
ie by their rich gilding, in which were embarked Napoleon, 
arshal Soult and Admiral Bruix, ais and worked up 
ecmerd! GAT Wild axenecr Sieur qu 
Sarees Immortalité, ourselves, and some three or four 
cutters, were tranquilly riding, as usual, at single acre! 
the town, a little out of shell ly ata 
amove. It being an a day,’ Sunday, every one ‘had 
obsor' in the camp and the harbour; and as the 
increasing stir, chiefly eto aes the flotilla, 
awakened our attention, all eyes were turned to the shore, and 
glass was in requisition. The weather was remay phy is fine, a 
lant breeae, just suficient to manauvre with, ls 
‘sea, Which, as smooth as a mill-pond, permitted the boats 





fy 
beet 





reed] 
ne 2 

















* This subject naturally leads to the interestin si 96 Oa 
sie it nating 5 eee eatin 


‘nullplied facie forthe transport of an 
the all Ree spne articoe, nay Decome init 
‘eho, viewing the {ute fa the mitror of th pst. an 


tpl a at ora ipa 

ouliar ing motion of sloamers, Ww lo @1 ‘ 
caleuted to exit Momorer, stexm-veurs, a conpleationand 
the machinery, ennnot always be manoeuvres! totally Peet vals 
action, the greater number, from one coutinyency or other, must look to 
chance shot through Tear copper, or paddles, will A  eotietn ae 


‘ciont Fights of send them again to trim their eanvaste onion 
enemins af the old Continent, therefore, we bave little, Lam of i 
these Our asl sine, our matin hai ne 


Jquiry that keeps us foremost ia Ue race of ‘sas, wal ae 


DURING THE LATE WAR, 543 


Fon to de out,—a circumstance, asthe will show, extremel; 
Tortanate. Between one nnd two dat. ustafler the ‘crew lad finished 
dinner, ‘iy from the Commodore, our little squadron weighed, and 

standing in for the shore, under a tremendons fire from some hundreds of 
connon and mortars, mere sos ee Cp Rarer Seo 
At this moment the specta “I che Sabb the posing interest. It 
being, as I before remarked, the Sabbath, se popeiation of the town 
und numerous troops encunped in the neighbourhood were drawn forth, 
and their countless thousands covered the surrounding heights to wit< 
nose it, 

In the midst of the “ pelting of the pitiless atorm” of shot and 
shells, which, like hail, were falling or Lager gad in Pea rsx ae 
around us, the Constitution, a fine cutter of Darra Say 
fe istol-shot. on our larboard-beam, received a lary sel ast 

er amidships near the main-mast, passed complete i 
her destruction was so sudden, that the boats, ed as Lol 
fore, were towing astern of the different vessels, hud barely tees to 
saye the crew ere she went to the bottom; her mast-head remaining 
above the surfuce, continued for many months after to mark the scene 

af the contest, 

pahoat the snme time we experienced one of those providential os- 

from a similar or more serious catastrophe, which ore to fre~ 
oars recorded in the eventful annals of naval Re Laslett Co 
‘tures. heat of the action, a lar, 
Peete ptewignipemrmn wet rer congas 
which however arrested its farther progress, and remained 
by the splinters over the macloa scuttle, and within the screen 
with which it is usual to a 


TS 
our peti itdid not explode. It seems the ignited of the 
fusee, a thing of rare ace been ae 1 seking 


the ri ng shroud of which it carried away. In voles tive 
sonnet ic) am the nea ar the Ns anantan dace gabe 
¢ BUM) standing pT 


wage Hk a 36 of Selene wo tad bru with he tl 
Of all the vessels of the ight of the squadron most mer 4 Geli 
ed, P—— was to her full share of hard knocks and 


the 
duty. This was all very tolerable in fine weather, but for Pwcsthiads 
of the srt ut an te yw eet or tr 


we con 
com relia paey es 


eee 
teal life, is to be found occasionally in the worst craft. 





Sib SERVICE APLOAT) 
after a spell on the enemy's coast, or buffeting about in 
‘it , in the heaviest gales, and on a lee shore, when w 





difficulty clawing off shore, and barel ome point or head~ 
lendidl Sodll is ie nepemery oop eich ee AOE 
PE Soar spb des ring and deck wit 
id this is no ideal pleture—when ing the n 
fae , we would seek the brig eens sib 
to com our water provisions, 
‘relaxation 5 ly would the anchor reach the 
made snug, when up goes the signal to weigh, and off we were again im 
dadtlnsies, 1a sate we wore! she ng oF es etc . 
the latter end of September, the vessels and machines forming: 
the famous Catamaran expedition, organized under the immediate su< 
perintendence of Sir Home Popham, in the Romney of 50 guns, were 
assembled in the Downs. By means of a novel and destructive species 
of fire-vessel, filled with combustibles and live shells, and certain ma- 


well as the greater part of the bodies of those who, clad in a water= 
proof drées, plied them by means of paddles, would, it was 
effectually elude the vigilance of the enemy by night, even 
hows of their vessels, to which it was intended to alix them, 
On the second of October the whole reached the outer off 
the town, at which time there might be ubout one hundred ii 
of the enemy's vessels in the roads. Capts. Winthrope and Owen, 
the Ardent and Immortalité, undertook to oupcrintend the operations to 
the southward of the line, and the Hon. Capt, Blackwood, of the 
Euryalus, to the northward, while the P——, in company with. the 
Groyhound and Castor frigates took up an advanced position fi share 
for covering the whole. The same evening, about dusk, the five fire 
vessels, 6 each under the command of an officer of the rank of 
commander,” weighed, und with a fair wind stood in shore. These 
were followed soon after by some of the lighter vessels and boats of the 


E 


it} 
The = Missle of the encmy’s marine, on this occasion, seemed ex— 
traordinary. As the fire-resecls and boats eppreached the JeftoP thee 





* Captains M'Leod, Sulphur; Edwards, of the Autumn ; Jackson, Fury ; Collar, 
Railleuy | and Searl, Hilder. 


DURING ‘TR LATE WAR. BAS 


line, searce any attempt was made to repulse or frustrate their inten 
Freel icy about nine p.w. a heavy cannonsde commenced, and soon 
the whole bay from one meth the other was one continued blaze 
from this and the uninterrupted discharges of musketry from the troops 
which skirted it, while the showers of shells from the batteries, burst 
ing in their luminous and meteor-like it like rockets in the airy 
ith the voleanic explosions and contlagrat of the fire-vessels and 
machines, illumimoting the atmosphere to a great. distance, formed a 
towel aad Sopenkng specian of "few erarafce® elavax wiémtaleds 1? 
All watched anxiously the coming dawn, which should disclose.to us 
the dire effect of these mighty engines of destruction, and when this at 
Tongth afforded us the menns of scanning the enemy's line, we were not 
a little astonished at the apparent trifling impression made on it. The 
extent of the injury has never been exactly ascertained, but it appears 
‘to have been very inconsiderable ; with the exception of one or two 
bo ee on ane snd, a we bad renton to believe, a few bt, 
occupied nearly the same ion as on the preceding evenin, 
‘Whether from want of local Tnfermnson= fir it! does ane nee 
there was any deficiency of zeal or gallantry on the part of any intrust- 
ed with its immediate exeoution—t unacquaintance with or mis- 
calculation of the direction and rapidity of the tides, the greater part 
of the fire-ships appear to have been consumed ere they reached the 
enemy. " Moreover, the project bad long got wind, and they had ample 
time to take mensures for parrying the threatened blow. Althou, 
‘et secrecy, the key-stone on which the success of such an enter- 
prize must mainly depend, was not easily attninable, as to the ulti- 
ste intention, the moment of is execution ight ealy ave Deen 
concealed ; but the appearance of the Monarch Hag-ahip, an event of 
sufficiently rare occurrence to denote that something unusual way 
brewing, and the unnecessary paride of a numerous squadron, must 
have fully advertised the enemy of the coming storm. Thus they 
could not complain of being taken unawares; nevertheless, the occa~ 
sion was Jaid hold of in France to raise a clamour, and the public in- 
dignation was highly excited by this sinister and barbarous mode of 
= a8 the fironch journals of the period were pleased to consi- 
ler 
I was now beginni to be tired of Deal beach und Boulogne Roads ; 
« surly winter,” with bis “ruffian blasts,” had once more begun “ to 
deform the day delightless,” and my experience of the last was by no 
means of a nature to make me desirous of encountering another. 
Those only who have tried it can form 2 correct notion of a winter's 
cruise in a small vessel on such a service and station. The duty fell 
particularly hard on the midshipren, of which useful arm of the service 
we were for a considerable time short ; indeed, for some time, I was the 
only one, Thus constantly in requisition, everlastingly in the boats, 
alternately half-drowned in the surf on Deal heach, on duty at the 
Dock-yard, or otherwise, and drenched in answering si , or board- 
ing vessels in hi gales and the most inclement jer, it will not 
appear unreasonable that I should gladly aynil myself of an opportu~ 
nity which now offered of joining a just luunehed in the river, 








546 


2 


LINES ON THE DEATH OF MAJOR-CEN. DAVID STEWART, 


ila 





jon ar 2. LUCTAL 


HES ESE etna 


is too ume, 
conduct of 





aaa 


appr pares a 
Rash aran ee narioterment oh 
‘Our virtuous: 


eon di 
"Tis eS it Tow Ve fault 





When Stee relieved his, pee earl, 


wiw ‘warmth of soa] fe did this tale iampart — 


“ Some anxious friends in Caledonia's land 





Tagp et donee tat 
A biindred years tiger er i gontly steal." 





thi 
obs from the just, whom kindred souls las 


A few brief: 


lel eas o evel the 

Whien “ne thse of Fle pig il 

Hf hs grave, wo do et 

His irely from th’ Piet ky 

Torts sad sel en & ponive ye 
destruetion’s brink 


ink 5 


| 
Hut griels there are, above the minstrel’s theme, 


=i 





‘on authentic: 


o4T 


THE STORY OF JA'PAR, SON OF THE SULTAN OF WADAL® 


ae eee BAL Aero ioe ater T was taken out, I pussret 
myself in the midst 4 crowd, who were me along 
vaulted lleries ; nnd one man’said to me, te Basta wants ra 
On ‘ing the presence-chamber, his Highness met my view with an, 
insulting sneer, and exclaimed,“ Ay, ay3 this isas it should be. I 
am glad to see thee thus. Had it not been for the entreaties of my 
son in thy bebalf, thou shouldst never have come forth alive from thy 
prison.” A za 8 hope now shot across my mind, but I could not 
articulate a syllable in reply. The men who held and posperees mi 
were ordered to let me go, and I fell to the ground. The Pfishi cried 
out, “ Get up, get up, and fo to the doctor,”—I replied, “ I swear 
our Highuess’s head, that I cannot stand on my feet.” He 
in ordering the slaves not to afford me any assistance, und seeing there 
was no help, I crawled out of the hall on my hands and knees. When 
T got to the palace gate, I found there an sssedriver, whom 1 engaged 
to convey me on his ass to Doctor Dickson, an Englishman, who was 
Hakém-bishi, or chief physician, to the PAshi. 

By the humane attentions and skilful treatment of the worthy Doc« 
tur, in four mouths I was restored to perfect health, and could move 
about upon crutches. Unfortunately, as I waa one day aking the air 
in the streets, a servant of the Pishi saw me, und reported it to his 
Highaoss, who thereupon immediately sent for me. On bei 
into his presence, he sail, * Well, I find thon haat the use 
of thy legs enough to walk about the biairs, and I suppose art medi« 
tating another ee art thou not? > But to me thou couldst not 
come without crutches forsooth! Take away those sticks from him, 
and Icad him off directly.” I wax ut first harshly dealt with, but 

the rigour of my treatment was relaxed, and I was at 1 
allowed a separate apartment in the castle, with a servant to wait ypon 
WIR re Mah LC eye a ae 
were made responsible fur my person, the Pash having sworn, that if 
Lescaped, they should each undergo five hundred bastinndoes. 

About ten months slepeed in comparative PSrea, ais, an unfore 
nate occurrence again disturbed my tranquillity. I had acqnired a 
sum of money, and was inclined to make little speculations, with a 
view to mugment ite Having heard that olive-oil was in demand 
in Malta, I resolved to put all upon ono cast, and pu petly 
with cash, and partly on credit, fifty jars of oil for that market. 
sent my servant with the goods to the custom-house ; but he 


returned in iret agltatton, and informed me that he had been pal ely 
and grossly ted by the Jew book- at the gate, who w 
Anew whose servant he was, I instantly adjusted my arms, and sad~ 


dled my horse, to extort satisfaction, eigen that tho Jow would 
have been ready to express his regret, an asuitable apology ; 
but be was insufferably iusolent, openly me at defiance, 

me a vile slave, and using other ious This 1 

‘not brook.“ What!" thought 1, “shall 2 son of ’Al eri suffer 





* Continned from page 445, 


548 THE STORY GF JARAR, 
he ri from n despicable Jew seribe!" Passion and 
inane Penge sere reaucn. e ppest) 1 wad’; 
3 Seon aera ah oe eae sent Soa 
wi ‘by a blow and in =) . 
sea he Sa prove oar ae 


opie ed Temorse and horror. of sharif Pasta showed me 
pee pre eetnd ‘ing from justice; wherefore, to 

horse, I was out (apie door He, I raed for 
Geri nthe oof the dee ere furl 


Lond bei nrinbes i eben oa, chat ane ees 
town, lying five days’ journs Ped sentyearel to! 20 
were no traces of a road to it. ee T met with: 
‘no more wells. My ee nn e want of water for three days, 
but was then nearly exhausted, and (es a deat At 
., at seven o'clock in the morning of the sixth day, I came toa 

cero eee In_my haste to exomine 

SAI ee ei eect on econ: tie ae ae 


= its Fon eeatinuall over ve anouth of the well, Mocking ran 
commiserated my fite, and ippeared to regret that he ould 
me no succoRr. 

I remained in this helpless, wretched state for five hours, when @ 
Sa at en eee eee Fae identially ex~ 
tricated from ar langerous situation, by th erd who tans 
them. I procured acne lian Geared ger 
was only three or four hours distant. T mounted my horse, but 
‘it was impossible to make him put one leg before the other; rye 
fore vetired to the shade of 0 largo tee that was a0t far of, ead taking” 
the bridle from his mouth, let him loose to repose or to browse, as he 
might feel inclined. Towards the evening he recovered su to 
eat.a little of the lost ration of harley which remained. 1 ‘the: 
night under the treo, but could get no rest, in consequence of the me~ 
dicinal quality of the water which I had drunk, and the next — 


— Nea ive ane I bad to cross the desert to: 





4 The Jems of Bastar, thongh tolerably froe ax to religious observances, eae 
splsed, persecuted, money-making rice. They are limited to riding asses, and uo 
tee nbans aan beige ofialanorty.. Aes death for nay of them to if thee had 
bev ‘4 Mahomotan, though they themselves may be beaten with impunity, oven. 


pe the banking 0 sr ‘sath wie pebyng afd dae rly a tal 
al ur of thle reat while prying” and 
Gist el stony thas the Jow, fas much as they 


ie lee of animals, imperfectly tanned, have immemorial wed in the: 
Leguat he ine conveyance SC), dl,oioa ani tec Thoo a a hasta 
made ftom sheep oF goats. by cutting off the hend and foot, and drawl ee 
Qa opening the belly. ‘These bornichas, ill eully be see, are not 
ts pth, aod wget aman 

om ‘would deter an sy bosiorraan ioe arising 

il ate gen toma, an fon of pines atti 
itis sometimes pelle with lime, ‘The reader will, in these vesiels, recognise 
impropriety of putting “new wine into old bottles.” 


Ha 
Fy 
z. 
4 
ieee 








SON OF THE SULTAN OF WADAI. 549 


T felt much weakened, and jeapable of ‘irrational 
cero heme recited the aisle aedion tpaaiena eee 
= sna) aes nome ie na om Hale pute wih the 


ae the Pasha had dispatched twenty horsemen in parm of 
me. They came up to the futal well, and obtained intelli 
the shepherd who had assisted me out of it. Having perociv oe 
the horizon of the desert, they made no doubt of my being near it, and L 
saw them galloping with the confident alucrity of men who imagined 
‘they had. Asari their purpose; but the beast having strayed to 
some distance mse TA penn baring anheey pape Glia 


They were ed by the disappointment,, 
buekiogen ban debug listen canto asaakatioeen ie 
thie time nearly dark, and perceiving that they towards the tree, 
where it was evident they would put uj fete shit, Cimeutelsp 
‘the water-skin, the bridle, and the e-bags, climbed up 4 





ied in us li 
their ae see their girths, und in driving e stakes to picket 
them around, others were eagerly preparing the scanty materials for a 
fire to boil peta colfee. na heard the chink of the steel and flint, and 
saw the bright sparks fly over and ignite the touchwood. A small 
carpet was st i th igo tee at he ie 

ations against its trunk; and the grateful fumes of 
eee unowneed to me that the cups were distributed, ‘Their wal 
pi soon opened, and the pleasing sounds of cating struck myer 
to render the of hunger more excruciating. 
TLioxwoceayt of their Upmraytientent vas quiclened by 
being mayeelf te sole subject of their conversation. One ssid Jafar 
is perbaps dead.” —" It is more probable that, he is sick,” sald another ; 
“and not far off."—They often spoke altogether, when I could not 
ther the sense of their remarks. At last, one took the load, and. 
“ Listen to me, brothers ;+ we cam do nothing more now, because it is 
dari; we have ‘got: possession of his horse; let us remain quiet till the 
morning wl ws soon as Tigh return we wil go acl jaa dierent 
Alrection,send Gapend; upo ds,tvu shall. Bnd jkie: allrw or den, and 
do you but swear to sh hate hand ey ig i 
wit! his horse, and tell the aw that we found his 


is body | 
mes ”—" That," said another, * would ng 


—" You know very "said a third, “ that the Ww SWORE 
would give us each fiye hundred bastinadoes if we did not being hae 
Jal but now that we have got is his horse, it will ae lpi 
his Highness that we found the rider dead. What bei er rook 

he expect than his eurs? The first negro shepherd te we meet with 














This is perfect pctre of» ra X of Mocrish travellers, and reminds the writer of 
bec Bes fs “pale Z 
wt 





ie | 


‘550 THK STORY OF JATBAR, 
our way, we may kill, and produce his ears as those of 
cir 


both the Pishi and Ja’far, as the cause of 
But I had an urlvocate oo eet “Why do you eurse 
Ja'far because he ran away? I tell you he did right to abscond. 


sent him loaded with his liberality to Wirah. phere 
that obvious policy, you have seen how he treated him the first time he 
isla! Chev +, and how cruelly and unjustly he hanged the poor 
who lent Ja’ 
collector of eustomns, what bad he-to do but to flee?” ‘To this another 
refused to assent, “If,” said he, “ you cannot tall more to 


that 
, 
ent for aving absconded, and not for having cracked a 
Jew's skull. I know that if Jo’far had not fled, the Bashaw 
cortainly have pardoned that action ; for when the affiir was 
and his Highness had learned the provocation, he said in my 
‘that * Jo’fur was in the right." bed 
The was contradicted in his turn, by one who said, 
“You tell people to hold their tongue, when you ought yourself to be 
silent. T know from the best authority that the Bashaw desires 
nothing more ardently than to find an occasion Si Jwfar to 
doath. "It is true, his Highness publicly spoke of Ja'far’s conduet in 


the affair of the Jew as ‘td but thot wus a mere feint, thrown 


out for the of lulling him into security, and for 
Blight; fur I am sure that if ever he can lay hold of im nial 
Anstantly. the order for his execution.”* ‘To this his 
assert, 
5 and 


- 


ied, witness, brothers, to what I am now to wp 
ty the Bashaw will not kill Ja'fur; and why “Teald he kal him 


Jc or white, he is a King’s son, and is heir to a kingdom 
Tus been brought up with the ideas suitable to his birth; could: 
th , be expected that he would have borne the insolence 
Jow? Nay, Lam sure if any of you had been in his place, you 
not have put up with the affront he received from him.” i 
The night was now far spent, and the chief addressed the rest in these 
words: “ Now, brothers, it is not convenient that we should all 








* This would appear dangerous language for the soldiers of an absolute monarch to. 
elt ‘ue only peeves thatthe natural awe of morality are tenga than, does ich 
tyrants impose; und men serving together, learn hy experience, the expediewce 

tual confidence, although they may be iasémible to the higher priuciples of virtue. 





aie 
i then ‘by the effects of 
she water of the well, aud in {it ceteyen tan, they curved 


‘far his camels, “Having then in this case killed a 


80N OF THE SULTAN OF WADAL 


551 
of their horses, and departed.* ‘The i ceated 
ting Tg ein som ope Unt they al ch ber 


their journey, they all-certainly kaye quickly fallen ato that 
state, had not their slumbers been disturbed by the peristaltic ton- 
dency of the water. That accidental quality, which ‘had totally de- 


‘ived me of the of ling the day before, I now to 
Tilak oes destined to p Sa renitsbaae’ty all possi ly at ex= 
tricating myself from i imminent danger. 1 listened with 


my present 
pitig Saxe >the ight wands whic eld inate sleep 
learned by degrees to distinguish the peculiar drone of each man’ 
breathing. My whole soul was in my organ of hearing, and I verily bee 
lieve that it red, on that night, a preternatural aeuteness. I often 
distinctly heard several snorers at the eame time, but all was spoiled 
again, and my heart fell at Seine » sigh, or a hem, or at some one 
hoursely cursiag Jafar and the Bashaw, as he unwillingly rose. One 
in particulur excited my utmost malevolence: he si disinclined 
to rest, for he never lay down, was often on his legs, and at last only 
sat, leaning against the tree, At length, however, my wishes 
made me conjecture that he also was dozing; and as the firat streales 
of light in the east had become visible, I determined to risk my fate, 
and let myself down by degrees. Luckily the wind was’ boisterous, 
which favoured my descent, by the rustling aie in the leaves 
til my progress to its successive gusts, ing my efforts w! 
‘the wind TRermitted, and quickening them on a ark of the blast. 
L approached the horses softly, and selected ae that was the farthest from 
the sleepers. I cautiously foosened the cord frou his fore fuot by which 
ho was picketed: I then drew his pirths tight, and put on the bridle, 
‘which was suspended from the saddle-bow.t My tions not to dike 
turb my dozing friend, however, failed, for ere I had got my left foot in the 
stirrup, he out with all his might, “O brothers! Ja’far! Ja'far ? 
tnd in an instant every man sprang up, and ran about in different 
directions, repeating “Ju'fur! Ju'far !" But before they could gather 
up their effects in the dark, and arm and mount, I bad con- 
sHlersbly the start of them; and as I had accidentally at 4 
one of their best runners, in about two hours’ hard riding L 
Zawiyeh in safety. 
As soon as I entered the bialr, I called out with a loud voice,‘ O 
men of ZAwiyeh, I, Ja'far, the son of 'Abd-el-Korim, waka’t bi ‘uw 
kom,” by which a man with us, whatever may be his crime, nequires the 





gti Monit jl¢ over a considerable extent of country, on their jour- 


ys, with a view: of their and finding the there 
thy nbs jus tr darn tedious Yee grvtes lication eer 
fubakkuk, '* Their horsemen shall spread themselves.” 


$ “Travellrin the Levant when 
hang the horse's bridle on the high peminol of the 






jursuers, With their chief, entered the apartment. He 
demanded of the Sheikh, in the name of i nan Cosel aia 
his hands, ‘The Sheikh replied, to 


for myself, T can have no, 

to do any thing that 

was t ta me by the elders of the town. Let us see if 
content that he should be delivered 

Mi pee pera Rene ‘ho 

the places of 

Highness the Bashaw of Tripoli, 

‘man up to him. o 

aatee iattamorel is then our “urd + to be trifled with?"f 
‘When tho chief of the soldiers 


the firm tone in 
answer of the elders was delivered, be his voice and 
“ But what then is to be done, brothers? How can we | go 
pence hel Jn'far? His Highness the Bashaw 
chastise us severely if we id not find thie man"—* We 
replied the elders,—*"" ou hive found’ hil ¢ epee 
pingastee ere} , where he has 

That we renpetflly Kis th the shes = 
selves, in a present. Jighness, wnt 
Pee eg lteter “Tt is true,” said 










‘i 





* Te is fortunate that a oe nn 


instances, inviol 


the! fugit 
whe off ¢, which is a stale of society very common under 
sesh. Whee areas He Pap the pine 
Baraed Caer ‘the ks muna Tone 
in the other eannot 
the! ant other # luctions, 0 







Toad Seat pas god's ‘tnderstandiny, and ens of thin arises the 
of influence, which was now a0 generously and beneficially exerted, 


: 


SON OF THE SULTAN OF WADAL. 


5353 
Of the soldiers calmly, “ we now know where Ja’far is, but our orders 
are, not to return to Tripoli without him, alive or dead. We will, 
allow us to accom; on that we may enter 
sence chamber 2 the tae ie with yo, dune yur epics 
‘To this the olders axsented ; but ax: the maintenance een 
horsemen 


would bea burthen to the town so as they stayed, 
was poner P rapa ped pitied frost po 


it 

He Shek, hose name was Karmfidi, was by fifvees 
wi ew . accented Y 

GE Heloetcal aaa tia tress hel Oat armed. These, 


‘servants, formed a much than that of the 

‘twenty: half-starved soldiers of the Baath, who, ‘by way of pres 

caution, always tra and encamped apart. Twas treated with 
ir and even di the journey; and 

assurances of safety. When we aramid the city, I suggested the 


‘one of us, before he destroys thoe 


EERE TEE 
F hi 
‘BY rt AE 
SEER. CEE 

idteetl 
E. eile 
Ee a eft 
= Hil 

3 Hat 
H al 
Heal 
goREe 25 

apige tft 
eEeliej seh 


SS 

* The God, a solomn samurance that life will be spared, which plahhe often 

gtd eae 
U. 8. Jounr. No. 17, May, 1830, ao 





568 vox POPULI. 


not believe that he could elicit a new idea on a sul which. 

gecupiel every faculty of my woul. | He "dhux.. You will 
feign to fall slek, but that Success, ie the 
manner of doing it. Top ee pa mess ill complain of & 
head-ache, your loins and joints, with a disi ‘ion to 


a 
tt t create suspii yourself to go to the 
Serer ay pe they 
Sigieapethedere! reality. ‘of these papers: 

to 
» On the ej ith day, u favourable crisis of F 
get up und ian ele naa doe ied ape 
Sorored from a ee ger You wil aval yoursalé oF 
interval to recruit your stren; oe abusing the liberty 
convalescent, Vout ox'fve ays you will swallow the 


Pr ieh leapt h ina “ied the 
Ton of tren ee hoor 
relapeo, at pra Bho first shea (chat midnight,) when 

ia the palace, you wil muddle: and (brill Bocas 
carry him off without wali oe I will wait for you on 


if 
HG 


FE 


e vn etal ate eas Pin ex and I 
iy oe gps you, ae 

Mi erwil never ‘anby Ie to 
[(fo bo concluded in our nest.) 


i 


oF 





VOX POPULI, 


ee Ko is proverbially. ible and nein. 
7 Bee plait ra ans eects bo mplife 
wa thet lute Lord Howe, before and after the eee Ast of June, 
iter has seen that 4 scaman and accomplished tacticias 









out of the Pump-rooin at Bath, by the hissex and jeers of the mbt 

that assemble there, the Walls echoing with the epithets, “1 
Ein Frtoy "Tho Channel Pilot!" ‘The Featherbed tn 
“He Pee tne ‘what volte fight ? ‘Nothing but theses or cara 

ila mee cTeant ea ecey ta Thootvoclent WET Lardshiip. 
le, more vi it and eq ws as Inconvenient to 
ia next visit to Bath, liter ally carried into the Pam 
the air resounded with cheers in compliment of his deeds, and he’ 
not stir without t being assailed by the deafening shouts of use of 
those wigs a few months before had been loud in their execrations 
against bi ; 

‘The gates of most Turkish towns are’ eesadty oe ‘soun after dark, and 
uw daybreak. is ; alge 
a i ent ie hart Sar analy a rae ip Resa icy a 

a oi ‘ thea mee tie ie “yard, oes obstacle 
is likely to encounter, would be the nuimerous dogs who gual asta’ 


E 











a 


359 “ 


A VISIT TO THE ISLAND OF AN'TICcOSTI, 
DURING THE SUMMER OF 1829—HY A AVAL OFFICER. 


‘Tux discovery of the St. Lawrence is attributed to Certireal, a Por- 
tuguese, ina rovege undertaken by him from Lisbon, in 1501, for the 
discovery of a N-W. pasogo 40 India, This navigator is supposed to 
have continued his course the coast of ;, which he named, 
to the northward as fur as Hudson’s Straits, the supposed termination 
of the fabulous Straits of Anian in the Atlantic, The first accounts we 
have of the island of Anticosti, ore in the voyages of Cartier from St. 
Maloes, in 1535, « period like the former, ia which this species of en~ 
terprise met with less encouragement ia, jand than ut foreign 
courts. In the account af his voyages, this island is called Assumption, 
aname which he expressly gave to it. Intercourse with the natives, 
however, seems to have been the means of perpetuating the original 
name Naticostec; one which assimilates closely with the language of 
the Indians, and of which Anticosti is a very fair imitation. 

‘This island, the terror of vessels ing to Canada, is about 130 
English miles in length, 40 in its broadest part, It ix situated in the 
midst, of the vast estuary ph ae rps ty entrance into 
two from twenty to forty miles in width. It 
dred leagues in circumference, and ata distance eecmns te powscas fine ex 
tensive forests, but on a nearer ap| the illusion vanishes, and the 
tres dwindle into mere dwarfs of the birch and pine species. “The 
latter never exceed fifteen inches in diameter,—a circumstance that may 
be attributed to two causes: want of soil, aad severit climate. 





is nearly a hans 






son berries, the latter with their v: ited colours ; and edible plants 
of various deserip ‘ng in a wild condition. 

‘The ge fran of the island is entirely a shell limestone, 

‘« ‘The limestone, which is of apparently the same age 

as that of fhe Manitoulin islands on Lake Huron, dips to the south-east, 

at aconsiderable angle. It contains muny of the same organic remains 

‘ox the Manitoulins, such as Encrinites, Orthoceratites, 










rock may be almost id one comy 
being lly composed of Encrinites. the vicinity 


and abounds in small lakes and ponds, the retreats of a vast quantity of 
wild-fowl. Although containing neurly three hundred miles of coast, 
prom tena eae west part, il 
afford an) vessels 

eelre, 


sion ‘the anchorage i 
ing from cither shore, that it is generally termed & cove ; and: for/the, 


; $ 


mall 


a 


560 A VISIT 10 THE 
protection it indebted reefs ot its entrance. A 
Bech areen called GLEE cursus ns the ey 0 Sn lasers 
tremity, close to which, on the declivity of the first ridge of rock, stand 
oie ie tained the a ee eee 
store. Thi u epreracneen 
i those who Berita ied at rs 
landed, and were hospitabl j 
pon Day adele a kam 
ment at 
‘at Shallog, Creek, on ST eae 
the inhabitants: At the establishments, fine powerful New= 
are trained for the of hunting bears and foxes, 
which are numerous in the island. will keep the animals at 
bay, while the hunter deliberately shoots them. Martens and sea-otters 
are also in ity. ‘They nre all hunted for thesake of their furs; 


i ; 
but the bibs as food, the largest of them three 
hundred weight. The teacks of these animals are to ba 
in the winter, dui re tes Hog tie . 
the roots of trees. © ‘spring, forth from 
thelr i ep per et 


swine. 

~ At this time, hunting-partios resort to the island for peor fn 
killing them, in common with the other animals, as well as for pe 
car of taking salmon, which are very plentiful in the numerous: 

lots that rush down the ravines from the middle of the island. sh 4 
when dried, form a valuable article of commerce, The foxes are of 
two Ikinds, tho red and the silver gray ; the akin ofthe ltr ela 
article of much value ; indeed, was it not for the advantages the 
affords in the trade of Furs, seal oil, aud dried salmon, Anticosti would: 
be little frequented. Its climate is most severe, net 

without frost. In the month of Juno, ice has been formed of consider 
able thickness, and the snow-drifts increase to 
summer is far advanced before the snow disay 
the winter is seldom interrupted. It cou 
middle, but sometimes in the oats part of November, and continues: 
till about the middle of March. 


Hi 
Ht 
i 


seen on account of the ice which covered its surface. wa 

We left Ellis bay, and continued our course towards the southwest 
point of the island, Here we observed an unusual aia of wreck, 
Sats, Goquest'of Les sod Valery Res col ea Sea 
masts, ents of keel, and 1 as 
Secll’te ciaeaticies of deals, andistavas scascared:sbouriz all iieualaaam 


_| 


ISLAND OF ANTICOSTT. 561 


as the pieces of rock were only covered with a few inches of soil. A 
ee }, which had ovidently been washed on 
shore, and by some writing, not quite obliterated, it had belonged to 
Soneae 6 kee eee Tay about. Soon 
after’ we met with a board, on which was pai ie oe oe 
Canning of Li ” We had been it ed ut Ellis bay of 
loss of this with the tragical details. 
In a tem ni of the ling November, when enden= 
wing to get clear of the river, he on the south-west point 
of the island during a snow-storm. violent was the shock, and. 
an i Sereda ae ee ae on deck were 
instantly to e to at once 
pr eller eer 0 the 


i 
5 
5 
= 
("3 
i 
rcs 


at 
Writlia boys Bered ofall they peaseoed, but gravel for thet dak, 
at Elli + it 
veranee fftmn she ite of Sheis low fortunete. companions, they a 
wy were ill prey for such a 


bilge se innprttiey ed ae» ina but at the paste 
‘his man had sop wrecked on the island in a schooner, 
and sinew that time had 


Ghieered by hi tthe 
conan ih ey tected a eacleg ad ace ee 
ich they receded 


562 A VISIT TO THE ISLAND OF ANTICOSTI. 


‘We are on board ; our boat is secured, and sail is made to gain 
for the night. The breese ; sail is reduced, and 


uy ol 
red ins bentnd a bank of clouds. The elder seamen watch 
its it; they read the sky as if it were a book, and consult | p 


i 
. 
F 
i 
i 
i 
‘ 


‘their 
experienced chief. ‘hey remark with looks of satisfaction that thelr 


little vessel has gained so far to windward, that ee 
w line of blue mist ulong the horizon: whilst to the ward. tr 
inly discerned the mountains Hee ee 


with 
clouds, fit seat fur the genius of the coming storm. + 
sad geil a stll reduasds e's now the warmest rae of te yuaes 
wad yet we are clothed in flushing and flannel. =a CAAA 
“The next day (Ist Angas) we fund ourcve, a 
i the 5.E, ee of Anticosti 
ight 


ceased, and was succeeded by a light wind. ‘The fog bung round eha 
island, and at times ly hid it from our view ; 





sea that its base. ‘The cliffs in some parts overhang the wa 
their summits being covered with a small pine, checked in its growth, 
and half withered by the freesing blast of winter. “ 


irotracted, f 
‘This part of the island possessed more San ‘ordinary elaims to our 


miserable and untimely fate. The accounts of this 
sad event were yet fresh in our minds, and we had ete py 


‘These vessels come from the 
amongst them are French and Americans, from the y i 
Pierm: and Miquelon. The north-west point, forming the entrance 
this Bay, is a bluff limestone cliff: the south-east point is of the same 
rock, but low, with a dangerous reef runaing off it. Over this we ran 
into the bay, and were guided by the rocks at the bottom, which we 
could plainly see. On the west side of the bay iso fine sandy: 
und in the upper part an outlet to a small lake, which rons back to 
the northward behind this beach, leaving a long slip or isthmus cavered 
with trees, excepting im one part, where they have been cut down, 
On this clear part stand the wo buildings which form the provision 
post, We found it re-established and occupied by two 
who were provided with a large stock of pork, flour, and pews J 
‘The day was beautifully fine; the sun appeared in all his splendour; 





A VISIT TO THE ISLAND OF ANTICOSTI. 563 


and his rays were tempered by the cool breems of the Gulf. All 
nature was clothed in her gayest attire; tho brilliancy of light reflected 
from every object around, exbi our spirits, and we felt happy 
we knew not why. Like all earthly joy, it was but transient, 
Jooking around, n. profusion of half-decayed articles of male and female 
attire soon attracted our attention ; and oe others, children’s 
frocks, and a bammock deeply stained with blood. ith these 
vestiges before ux, the scene with all its horrors recoiled on our minds. 
Here it was that the unhappy crew and passengers of the Granicus 
had escaped the calamity of wreek, and had safely effected a landing to 
find only a more dreodFal al eae death. With j for thelr 
deliverance, they had reached the buts before us, and fondly, vainly 
expocted to find relief. What must have been their feelings, when, 
haying eseaped the fury of the waves, they found but sxe walls, ond 
thls te thar mooi. of Movember thesereant! ified Wii eae acl 
the sea with ice, so ns to render all hopes of relief impossible till the 
following spring! What must have been the feelings of the unhappy 
maoshoe, Ganon to witness the last agonies of her offspring ; fea 
them perish slowly and gradually, the victims of cold and famine, ere 
her own superior strength became exhausted, and a period put to her 
own sufferings! ‘The impression was too complete. The tear of pity 
started as we turned from the painful sight, and hastened to leave the 
polluted syot: But Jet ua refrain {roar pursuing further thie tale of 
sorrow, with the chain of all its vating horrors; it has been 
already told, and the measures are ted which we trust will pre- 
vent its parallel ever occurring on the island of Anticosti. Vartous 
vumours are abroad relating to this event, and circumstances have 
transpired which have occasioned its investigation. It is perhups ex- 
traordinary that no exertion was made by these unfortunate to 
reach the nearest provision post ; but this might have arisen their 
ignorance of its situation. All their valuables were found with the 
and even in the hammock several gold coins were 
carefully tied up,—acireumstance which would go fur towards remori 
the impression, thut they had met with any other exd than thut w! 
would Ne the certain result of thelr wre situation. 

‘As we passed along the northern coast of the island, we found it 
yery different in feature from the southern, and entirely so from the 
‘idea we had formed of it, Instead of a low shelving coast with dan- 
gerous reefs, this was bold and high. Instead of « samenéxs which 
rendered it difficult to distinguish one part of it from another, we had 
here \ ined headlands, high parallel ridges, and deep valleys, 
euch of the latter having a small, clear, and rapid stream of water 
going. lato the sea through ii ic 






semi fre 5 int 
terminates abruptly in a magnificent limestone allt, ‘ing vertically 
from the sea sometimes to the height of 500 feet. The limestone ix 


very white, so that, with the sun shining on them, bear much 
Yeouablance to the ahalky elif af Old England, | 


564 


SIERRA LEONK IN 1827. 
BY AN OFFIGER IN THE Anory. 


‘Towanns the end of October 1827, I embarked at Gravesond, with 
a volunteer for Sierra Leone, in the ship C——, of 500 tons burden; 
chartered by Goverament. On board I found an officer Jat joint= 
ed to the African Corps; three merchants belonging to my, 
who had returned to England some months before to renovate , 
and make purchases for their stores ; and a young man, a relative of 
‘one of these ipecrsg oe 8 out as clerk San Next morn. 
ing we set sail, and in a few days the * chalky cliffs of Old England’ 
disappeared from view. Oh tho , the usual means pour passer 
Te temps were resorted to. Some l, others play is or 

non, and the weather was in general so favous att 


voyage, I as many interesting works as 1 thought would 
engage me tll ts completion, and my time was ehefly fin 
reading. I had just left a comfortable home, and, contrary to the wishes 


and inclinations of my friends, preferred Sierra Leone for some 
rather than remain fi ey yeurs in the almost eq) anki 
climates of the Enst or West Indies, to one or other of which I 
otherwise pretty certain of ultimately going. Fully aware of the risk 
about to be encountered, I suffered no ke of a ‘nature 
to tuke jon of my mind ; yet, occasionally, home und the doar 
friends I had left behind, p for ever, came insensibly before 
and I then could not help cherishi ig the many acsociations that 
remembrance excited, nor avoid, at times, coupling them ably 
with my present destiny. But I had every reason to expect a sp 
return, and this contributed not a little to render of 
or danger of the climate transitory. Rules were laid down for 
‘dance, but I had them from men who fancied that abstinence, gd 
stinence, was the grad peop letis of all inter-tropical diveases ; I 
soon, however, was enabled to judge for myself, and x eee 
turers of better experience were of more use to me in than 
the followers of iE To live neither too abst nor too 
freely, to steer a middle course was their maxim, and a few months” 
i proved to mo it was the more correct. te 
Tt was the 23d of Noy. that first brought the Gold Coast to our 
iv At three o'clock in the afternoon, a man employed in the 


breeze now died away, and the blue waters seemed at rest 5 =| 
so short in the tg ch ye into darkness, and Cape 

Leone soon became invisitile. We lay all night motionless, and in the 
morning there was not a breath of wind afloat, even so much as to’ 
a feather; the sun ehone forth in all pene iene evory 
cloud wus dispersed, and a9 his altitude ii |, the heat became 
most ive: although we had a strong, thick awning, I found it 
Jmposs{ole to remain above a few minutes on deck, without experien= 


SERRRA LEONK IN 1827. 


through the burning canvass over head. ‘A lasting calm 
tow Ureuded, ad pei oo men. fe hou ai Seoul bring 


called, sprang up, and we made for three hours. At six 

Eo tele Weert enn fae a 
a lively en Scene, ‘umerou 

filed with Kroomen, pagsien seekio = 


came 


‘These men come from a country south of Sierra Leone, to which 
they resort for employment, They are, general i , 
strong-built, mi men, active and more intelligent than their 

ighbonring tribes. ‘Their countenances are open and manly, their 

eads Jugh and well-developed : they are not so dark as the more 
inland African ; the skin is in almost all of a deep brown, but in seve= 
tal of a copper-colour, In their manners and habits they bear a re= 
semblance.to the water-carriers in Lisbon. They are strongly attached 
to their own country, and to each other, 80 much 40, that when torn 
from their homes and their friends, for the purpose of slavery, x 
have frequently been known to destroy themselves, and invite deat 
by the most cruel privations, They make the worst of all slaves 

5 mi 


their freedom, of which they bave the highest opinion. Ask a Kroo= 
fae ab, onda pasere! wnawers, ia Weereat r 





ecplayd in lading ships 


towns work hard, and, with few ex: are honest 5 

they nre their money, and seldom spend it on spirits. ‘They 
ve. among themselves, a head-man of their own 
number, on whom Canal pepe licit confidence: all 
grievances are gent to him. Their chief 
ie is wrest they seem to rely more on strength than urt, 

u some are very dexterous. At Slerra'Leoue they gineciily re 


‘main onl) sbten ce Scio pag iE suerapet then purchaso 
tod ens Seta eld. of tout infloence fa Silrfooantry. 1 Te 


E 


565 
cing violent throbbings in my temples, co powerfully and freely did his - 
was 


566 SIDRRA LEONE IN 1627. 


Frome hopecona ben dieonedpentabeshbehiepefon i 
San hen nn ey cea ing oa all 
ity of a Bond-street buck, dressed in a worn-out a and. 
et, without nether garments, with no other article of clothing, 
a loin-coverer. 


ss thet morning Twas upon deck, and) ha «cloud ew 
othe Cape and ining ld It was a and we had 
only shifted pesipetayamiog itind yy the ‘ites whieh 
prefs ‘The sun had not yet dappled the cast 
was cool and refreshing; but a thick’ bagi: overhung: Kreg surface of 
the waters, and enveloped the promontory. As soon, however, as 
he began to show his influence, the scene became more and. 
Betas a light breeze arose, aid we graduall; 
shore. At ten oclock we were off the Cape, and a 
Gapegrentopeiel dethiesi Between the Cape and the town, 
ove extremity of the bay, there {s a projecting tongue of Jand 
foi ‘ing Thom’s Point. Between this tend es 
able projection, the Cape, the scene is truly beautiful, and I a 
sball never forget the im as it made on his eye teckel eee 
into the harbour. The beach, at one part white, consisting 
of large round fossbet coejabel eiblvngs fatal Ring ar 
is Gee epee oad and. 
above which 


ship from 
arrived for aix or eight anouths before, and i a 
neatly drew out the whole of the white population. With two 
tions, the unhealthiness of the climate at once 
fr countenances. ‘The sickly season had just and 
pine ghastly ABS that Royal themselves, failed not to 
lunteer of | al African Corps, who was aa 

Pieereh djutant, boarded us fa the Government 
just recovered from fever, but his convalescence was’ ert 
wretchedly ill. My fellow tyros, who were about to be initiated, could 
not help Dorion these ill rere they were but too siden aan 
gentleman was so much affected, or in the Janguoge of seamen, taken: 
aback, that he determined on returning home pepe A 
circumstance I shall presently advert to contributed ad ethene this 

I believe his intended brief visit was never carried into eft, 
‘solely because his resignation would not be aecepted! 

Enger as our visitors were for news, the returnin, actos hip 
board were not less inquisitive, und, after the tings were ¢x— 
a ve first _question I heard asked was, eehin-are dead 2" 
‘The sickly season, I have already mentioned, bad just terminated, and, 
Sodiningters many deaths that then occnr, the question, though a 


damper.to the new-comer, wat very naturally the first, and one not to ys 


SIERRA LEONE IN 1027. 567 


for 
sions; I knew him well, and i deh ec much. Rigi 
abstinence, his diet consisting ipally rete fd, pedi 
posed him to the endemic Pas gp Raab ore iced to 
terminate his short and mortal career. 

On passing King Thon» Bunt, you are in the bay of Sierra Leone 
a tolerably well defended and good anchorage, formed on the opposite 
side by the Bullam shore. 

Freetown, the eapital of Sierra Leone, is situated at the mouth of 
the Mitomba, or Sierra Leone, on its left or southern bank, in long. 
12°30 W. lat. 8°30 N. The whole town is enclosed in a semicir= 
cular ridge of mountains; rising not far from the river, and at the 
town, taking a turn backwards, they form a kind of crescent, appear 
ing from the anch terminate in the Cape. Behind the town 
they are thick! enti and in many places clothed to their very 
summits in brashwood and ju 

Thad formed 


this I was wore deceived. 
inter-tropical v ion, ay ing to cover almost ‘untrodden: 
spot, and prodosing eolsure vying with each eer “ia lchweay an 
beanty; the , green mountains in the distance, varying’ in shi 
and size, and stately palm-trees, here and there waving thee 
Pikman tes Saas ees a scene that scription. 
approaching Sierra Leone in thedey season, all idea of its unhealthi= 
fess vanishes ; you think es and say, here may live to a 
old age; bot it is as a wolf in sheep’s clothing, and he that lives in 
it two or ‘miraculous 


peoeteted report 

son, Leer dient creer sD amphi al: 

matter, and we were obliged to procure horses to enable us to 

with any comfort, or to avoid an liture of cutaneous 

exhalation, For mine I was indebted to a kind-hearted Irishman, 
itul-assistant, who has since been numbered with the dead. ‘To 


not 


uaual landin, ascend 
= the right pet emetigeoe 





4 


568 SIARRA LEONE IN 1827. 
eis: tak ey creph expe actor! sees 025 on 
a ernment, House, a stone: iMdingt. 
iar, cal " ras Tein sea 
», with verandas, and, with a few exceptions, windows without 
The next edifice of any consequence is the church. Ibis a 
plain, ‘neat structure, built in the gothic style, with a coarse sea 
‘sand stone abundant everywhere, Oaths smuson-work was finished 
in 1827, and the had been standing for many years, with Teele 
addition to the interior. It scemed destined never to be completed; 
although it had already cost Government £60,000, and time was be~ 
op te eeegertt abel ng tele Passing the church on 
hand, and going the you have at about sixty 
urds distant on the opposite side of the street, or, to speak more core 
rectly, of the road, a ver hinds pega > 
lousies, th ToT S 3 
direction come an almost work, 
ounting ax or ih mine. Clooe 40 lt; and an the: righig diy 
“ Pavilion,” a round building, rapidly falling into decay, formerly the 


mess-room of the African Corps, and now the quarters af one or two staff 





be the flat at King Thom’s Point. Here they would. be nearly st 
rounded by the sea, and fully exposed t0. tho before it 

‘any track of land; water could be obtained in abundance ; » 
they been built on this spot, Government would huve, saved, I. have 
heard it stated, a fifth of the expenditure incurred in selecting: 


following appears to be the strength of the coloured 
of Siorra Leone, agreeably to the returns of 1826: +f. 
‘Nova-Scotians a+ a eee om = 
Marcns 2 we O88 rae 
b het becc pt and Americans . ee . 4 
era. . . . 
ibernted Afri |) 1071 


SIERRA LKONE IN 1827. 560 

: The population, exclusive of the military, but includi 
‘other ptumonated av A087 08 vemiow kathleen than ont 
Sone and forty persons, and in September of that year there were 


= te Black troops’ -  - se 50 
=m Whiteditto) 2 2 5 2) gaa 
© While in Sierra Leone, tiie hung heavily on my hands, The scene 
is one of unvarying monotony, and a person who is at all careful of his 
Health must confine himself to his room from eight o'clock in the 
‘morning till five in the afternoon. There is no society, except that 
‘afforded by your few brother officers who are uble to leave their roams; 
‘and melancholy is the daily meeting at the mess, far the conversation in- 
variably turns on the ever-present sights of death and sickness. There 
aa tobe oe fy ey but ee Pade id 5 ‘the deep pene 
ngs on all completely untits the mind for any salutary exertion. 
thiak only of home and tle illsfate that seat them to the channels 
house of Africa.” Nostalgia is a aniversally reigning disease 
‘classes of the military; and the desire once more to plant the firm: 
step on dear England's sunmy land, can be equalled only by the anxiety 
with which the expectant criminal, day after day, waits eves, 

A few days’ residence in Freetown, and a ride in the neighbourhood, 
‘soon tindeceive you ax to the appdrent fertility of Sierra Leone. You 
no longer observe that Inxuriance of vegetation so striking and beauti- 
ful from shipboard, and you begin to revert to, and think of, the cor- 
rectness of your first anticipation of the acenury you had previously 
pictured in your mind. ‘The soil is barren and rocky, except in some 

wots “ few and far between.” and there the coarse red granite, 

ining thé rocks and hills ih and about the town, peeps above a thin 
stratum of a reddish-brown earth, Strongly resembling iron-rust, and 
utaining every article of dress with which it comes in contnet. In the 
‘town ond on the way to the barracks this is remarkable, and we hang 


‘that you may procure them in the market-place for a threes 
Laie Jornedoke Becton cop eqnalle gist and oh ona betaas 
thed, yout Have an excellent fulk Heecmbling the melon: The ehict 


Toured population principally subsist. Gray care, but their 
feria zarclty Oo Hot compensato for eas required in 
raising them. ‘Tobacco has boon cultivated, but with poor succes, 
‘One gentleman hns succeeded in rearing ginger in ‘consi le quan- 
tities and of a description not Inferior to the bést West India. The 
coffee and tea plant are to be seen in some places, and particularly on 
the face of the hill rising up from the ravine in rear of Die terroir 
but sha: padnte of either is 30 scanty ax recy tes ‘merit attention, 
and, at all events, not sufficient for exportation. Indeed, I know of no 
U.S. Jouns. No. 17. Mar, 1830, ar 


570 SIERRA LRONE IN 1827. 


id; ‘to accompany 
Thon end) esitons of seeing mote ef. the oxloay, 1 did ioe fall teins 


is 
and we had almost wished for their absence. But it is not my 

tion to detail the particulars of this tour; I notice it merely to 

an idea of these and the manner in which the liberated 

can is located, ‘Their site appears to me to begenerally bad. One, I fore 


t which, is at the bottom of a d ine, and in every direction. . 
ge at the oe atin ry you 


fcan see Tittle but bitre rock, lage consista of a 
huts, built either of wood or mud, some few, of pieces of 


port; and tell him the English have hi , that 
clothed and fed him, the only return he gives is, © T'rne, but me no aak 
while man for that.” He has no idea of comforts sndif BEAM OCR 


‘by one day's labour rice sufficicnt for a week's sustenance, he 

Ref t repose for the rest of it, nor will any inducement except 

Force him ta renew it, £ = 

My visit to these abodes of sloth, bratality, and wretchedness, was 

productive of little good. I indeed ‘gained some insight into the mia 

wrest pelea y of my benevolent countrymen, and my eyes were 

oe to the sion long practised on their eredulity, In 
lays I returned to my quarters. The exhaustion sitendant on 

‘most trifling exercise the excessive heat, nnd no doubt 

to miasmata in passing through the brushwood, sowed the seeds of fever. 


a sin Douglas, barrack-mastor ;—within these fow mouths also numbered with 
the de: “Eo, 





SIERRA LEONE IN 1827. on 


Noxt morning, the incipient sym i of that demon vat Sierra Leone, 
mai appearance. pu quick, a gathered 
over my whole frame, I ater hed chilly, listless, and seizod with 
an idea certainly not the most favourable to a speedy recovery. A 
brisk emetic, however, followed up by some other medicine, had the 
effect of checking these forerunners of evil, and I had the rare felicity, 
after two days' it illness, of escaping without serious injury. 

The rains had now set in, en ey with a freshness as if it 
occurred yesterday, the first tornado, 1 had been prepared for it; for 
the sable clouds collecting in the east during the afternoon, foretold 
‘the coming storm, and in every direction might be seen the ly= 
domiciled native tuking every precaution to withstand its well- 2 
violence. How a ly grand is it at all times to hoar “ Heaven's 
artillery thunder in the skies;” but it is in the tropics, where every 
peal seems louder than another and another still, and every flash dis 
Plays objects far and distant in the clearness of noon-day, that the 
effect is truly terrific. This was the first I was ubout to witness. I 
wished, and yet I feared its coming. Four hours after sunset the wind 
gradually arose, and a broad sheet of cloud, dark as ink, wag seen 
slowly advancing, and veiling the blue sky to the west. It soon 
became a complete hurricane ; the house shook to its foundation, and 
the vessels in the harbour were driven from their moorings, The cloud 
Wax now seen using sapidly alongs and from different points the 
lightning flashed in Fivid streams, nad. darting into the: water and 
pound, seemed to return with inconceivable speed to ite ori site. 

‘he rain now fell in torrents, and in a few minutes every be 
came the bed of a stream. It rained incessantly for an hour, and the 
storm died graduully away, and was succeeded by a calm still ns death. 

Day after day passed away, and the friends on whom I depended for 
achange seemed to have forgotten me, I let slip no ity of 
= Ges nam inne ope well ier Tee 

lescended, I the is i i noe 
ae into a regiment of the Bae, pay orders pee etcore Sea 

England, by the first ship. An opportunity soon offered, und T 
as led to embark. It was lute in the evening when L 
bade adieu to Sierra Leone, The silver moon threw her pale soft 
ee eae a ae ee ee 

ing of crickets, ani 
the bach 


and 
from the shore, methought that that light wray it in additional 
horror. “My heart casera ee pe good, 














Bi | 


572! 


py oncd 
PARKER, THE MUTINEER. 


ieiabel svc aetis wale Silay ob she Nien ech a 

have w ive to the mutiny at the Ee 

eee eat t, dinat ul tie nani indies eee ete 

tiine threatened the integrity of the British =e oe 

n word of palliation at least may be offered towards the =e 
wn bor ao prominnt «par it ae the individual a he ead 

paper, and wl Fe ra ie hie tebe ee 
es desing He th ed 

int le was 

Heat acca segtanetirere i Trt, ewan at the ont 

of man to be made Geciepeae that knaves who unfortunately 


board the fleet ‘eer aes imednaly ton the 4 ‘1 
Mr, Pitt's “hiewsd ieee almost ——— aeee 
ing out, its origin to the measure of the 

introduced Jandsmen into the naval service under the ‘i pln 
anaes ‘The military awe country was to 

«teal ticable means ; to assist Im tonsa and dal to complete 
ou : ‘too favour 
ae an Geeeiee for that hotbed of bens the <i 
Society,” to pass over for the seduction of our gullant tars from 


y Pi was to ae aside the sailors from their 

mn a sone Sa Gea =a 
hos to spread discontent out vi 

len. OF course, when men set oat with a araeontiag won he 
best pote institutions cannot stand the test of such partiality. 
ble motives for discontent at any rate might be met hy a bay 
real abuses might exist. It is not necessary now to discuss pond 
‘They were, however, hunted up in ubundance by the Rae 
Corresponding Society. The provisions were bud ; the allowances were 
short; the pursers were fraudulent; and various other bens were: 
touched which it wus: known to. these designing ee 
vibrate — ‘sailors’ hearts. Parker's mind was worked 
by two distinct objects—the desire of redressing what he inde 
‘be the grievances of the sailors, and ut the same fre he was desi 
of ohtaiins, the command of the fleat, so that _ might use the: a 

ssed in controlling the delegates, md. clckiog the 
ofebematiny. His His connections, even at ‘hin aps peer tt i = 

tort been his only motive in ass the authority that the 
offered to bim. However that may be, wo bellorn there ivlittle donbts 
as to his anxiety, when he was placed in the cao situation of Cams 


mandor of the Fleet, during the mutiny, all the means 
within his reach to prevent extremities. Tho opia of —e sees 
that on that account Parker ought to have been sy he had 


taken a step, whether arising from an error of the ead oF ore does 
not matter, as far as regards subordination, too decisive to be overlooked. 


ail 


PARKER, THE MUTINEER, 573 


Strict and uncompromising discipline is the strength of that great arm 
of England's power, her er had been interrupted in a most 
signal and alarming degree; and if there were, as the writer of this 
memoir has reason to believe, extenuating et) in Parker's 
case, they were not strong enough to check the course of justice against 
z Tingle Se Uy ante wah eneavelcit Sangerove smutiay thst 
ever disgraced the annals of the British Navy. It was a dark cloud 
thut for a moment overshadowed the resplendent deeds of the es 
tars of Old England, and in that dark cloud, there was one bright 
eck exemplified in the resolution constantly declareddn o1 
a the mutiny, that if an enemy's fleet dared to leave its shores, it 
should meet with as warm a reception as had ever been the case: 
they would forget the mating till they lad conquered the foe. Whe- 
ther in their praca state ter, would have succeeded is another 
question, but it showed the will. ie inclination to have a brush with 
an enemy under all circumstances of domestic irritation, and acting ns 
’ they were, in a great degree, under the wicked influence of traitors, 
ed, that however much British sailors might be warped from their 
luty, they could not altogether lose sight of their country and her 
cause. 


Parker was born at Exeter, and brought up to the trade of a baker, 
but he had recvived un education far beyond that which his situation 
in life would have demanded. He wrote a remarkably fine hand, and 
d himself both in writing and spenking with considerable 
fluency, At the close of the American war, in which he had served 
with some credit, he was appointed mate to an Enst Indiaman, in 
which berth he made some money, with which he subsequently pure 
chased a small craft at Plymouth, and traded for some time between 
that port and Leith, In one of his voyages into Scotland he met with 
his wife, The result of Parker's trading between Leith and Plymouth 
‘was unfortunate, and he was at length thrown into gaol in shire, 
during the period that the counties were raising senmen. Parker 
volunteered, and paid part of his bounty for his release from prison, 
and from thence jained the fleet at the Nore. 
‘The attachment of Parker's wife to her husband will best appear in 
the pela yale After his execution, he was let dowa for in- 
terment at Sheerness at low-water mark. Mrs. Parker was, of course, 


family affairs, in an unshaken hand, ly free from any thing like 
the nervous debility that it is natural to. aes might at the moment 
have affected him. Parker was a remarkably affectionate relative, and 
in all the relations of domestic life he was sincerely beloved by those 
most nearly connected with him, 


ott 


ON THE CAPTURE OF CURACOA, IsT OF JAN. 1807. 
To the Baitor of the United Service Journal, 


Mn. Korron—The recent de: aay oe SE Ee ee en 
Siitission of tee pte of Caropas by he Bosuoee of he hevnon soy many hn 
acceptable (0 some of your Feadens, 

‘Coxex all you warlike heroes, and listen to my song, 
Adit Fl pay enon wo ean yo ang 
the fest of Jauuary the action it began, 
Commanded hy Capain Bishan, who nob id Sho ya 
With Brisbane we will go, my boys, with Brisbaoe we will 
With Death or Vietory "oa our cups, our courage for to 





on satya the nt did 
r alan pe we lf tent Co ate ter 
‘The retin the harbour ween 
Ee naling Tact frcy tavaeen tillytops 
Se aes xo vi wy Se 


‘The Anson abe came in the next, a 
‘Commanded by a valiant man, tat Tet ees pam ‘ame: 
Garo ue betel wel with cage at Wa 
‘The Dutehaen thought that Curacoa we never should aubue, 
‘he Laon ab cme nt nat, show te Dateien pl, 
Commanded by bold Captain Wood, it was a 
Oar seamen all determined were their utmost for to try, 
Gu fit ee Duin 

‘he Flag ae camo i the latin good time fr he ply. 
ap lion Ye coed, an ng lee 

alain nee al eine, ey vtal Gould we do more? ; 

‘attend our jolly tara! we landed on theie ahoro.~ ‘ 
loop of-war athwart the I 
ieee reg ee oes hen Boab 
ce th a only 

Faris a scbie sabre tos Dade Conant tal 
“i ogo whe ft luv 
Ji lend ona tay wo wt serie cf Holand 
Than gute one C ‘id go, 
are oy mult taal dows the: Demh tag ov nob 


Ret ont Repuigue did arth our ri ci 


‘of our men. 
dn ear Meath 

a a tv Gee 
Here's a health to our noble Commodere, his Lieatenant also, 
Pe Mbeya fees ais "er afraid to gos 

ey nua on to glory, or noble stl 0 ty, 
Like Bri ish tans wo ak Teabed for death or ny. 
‘Now when the warn aro ovor, and God shall spare our lives, 
A g wel sik tocar ewoethents kad our wire j 











"Tis now I will conclude, ay tse ‘and rake something like an end, 


Ile at You oo Rng tas wil ght, 
i 
ea ard aur pn socoumepl Fg 


With ie ‘we will go, my boys, with Brisbane we will go, 
For Brisbane is a valiant man, and 3 fighting man, you know. 


515 


ALGIERS, 


NARRATIVE OF O'REILLY’S EXPEDITION, FROM THE JOURNAL OF 
‘A BRITISH OFFICER, 


Ax no former period have the vast military and naval resources of 
France been more rapidh od, than ia the scale of the 
expedition destined for the at of Algiers. Cherbourg to 


Toulon, nothing is heard but the notes of warlike preparation. Su 
rior as will be t! is armament, both in numerical force and mili AM 
acter, to every other which ever departed from the shores of Europe 

to chastise the lence of the barbarian powers, there exist circum 
stances which rest the ulterior success of the expedition problema~ 
tical. Imposing us are the iene of attack, it must be recollect~ 
ed that the materials for defence are equally formidable. Since our 
attack in 1815, the Dey has not been ile! ‘The city, by Nature stron, 
has been rendered by the art of foreign engineers nearly imy 
A formidable chain of batteries lines the coast at all the vulnerable 
piealae Large bodies of troops, chiefly cavalry, are marching from 

to the coast, jn to @ the invaders a warm reception ; 

these, taken in conjunction,with the nature of the spacey, pray 
fayournble for the operations of cavalry, and the sultriness of the cli- 
mate, will present a combination of serious obstacles, geen even the 
gonsumate skill and well-tied gallantry of a French my may find 
it impossible to overcome. Neither does the 
warrant the ition af success, Charles the fh, es sats 
4 numerous and veteran army, retired Een been ces the cit creed vith 
disgrace, The little impression made by the 
French in the reign of Louis the Fograently ma bea 
the aneweriof the Dagita tha gical 
the latter the number of millions ae the me Jos 
Grand Monarque, “Had His Majesty ly ps me aa that 
sum, I pet myself have razed the city: 

‘Towards the close of the last century, the Spanish Government fitted 
out a formidable alien ist Algiers, which at the time aes 
the attention of ull Euro) i¢ disastrous result of which cast « last~ 
ing stigma on the Spanish arms. The following necount of the ex; 
Sica Ss stent fe om the Journal of a Bri ‘fioer in the Spanish 


c] we Barly i in the month 9 June ae ATP» ay regina, the 6th of the 
Tine, was ordered to murch Se apt \ere was assembl. ner 
a armament, nee the a petted of Admiral Don Pedro 

on board of which large body of troops com= 
se by sara te Conte de OR el O'Reilly, with an immenso quantity 
pas the ‘33h there was a solemn ceremonial in the church of San 


—F 


576 ALGIRRS. 


‘On the following day the fore called ond ence Saar 
Algiers on the Tat of Jay. ‘The oxpedition consisted 


Line-ofbattle-shiy a! ‘having on bound 20400 ih. | 
Fri 5 ie . tlle ‘800 cavalry, 
Xeber eat oa) ot Hae ng 
bmntaty a peiect Shee . 

Ureas ero. rod eae eet 
Bombs 4 ‘er 
Armed vessels 7 

8 and 34 tramspores. 





Antllery 30 escent pounders. | Artillery 
12 twelve ditto. 10 vines 
18 eighteen ditto, © 8 Howiters, 
‘80 finld-pieces four ditto, 


‘From behind a Peet east of the river Xaracha, which imaatie 
ceaikirard of the city of ste wth 0 def Hm ol ao 
which at sunset eo were saluted with a fea de joie from small arms, 

On the 2d, the principal officers were assembled on bourd the Ad= 
miral’s ship, phan: anders wore lene for Boo troops to hold. vb aie 
= readiness abe) eevee at daybreak the Bap te Bot. 

it squolly, and # strong wind settin, 
i aie was countermanded. Fro this day rg ty ents cent 
shiney prevailed ; Oe Ho ‘councils were held, in in which violent 
tests arose, particularly between the Conde O'Reilly and NajonGenes 
ral Romatia, a man of ‘warm and impetuous temper, who on every occa 
sion sought to thwart the measures of his commander, and drew down — 
Pischape having’ previous pies theories 
ation, ven icers tl bet 
Se agi The Ml the es enya only’ a tae ak 
a) at les 0 Moors were rey a ‘ort u 
atin eee mee = ware Fecommended nd to-Broale Uhl 
FF ws nothi could ensure success = area a 
enemy skilful ja He au, or seh ing—an error which, however, “4 
afterwards committed, and which proved fatal to ier 
battalion was eae w ie itself with 200 
200 sand bags; and Dh eae on. Janding aoe a ane 
freak six ae andthe ahh alt “ ae in front. The ha a 
ing, was to carry 6ome heights, the possession of while & 
xEry would ensure the success of un attack on the citys The 
march was to be in four columus, with the 
ht Tnfantry im advance and om the flanks, ench column to bave fome 
field-pieces in front, to be increased as exigency required. Two mi 
doubts were ordered to be thrown up ot the 2 pole oh ieee disembarkation, — 
and a strict communication to be kept up between the army, these for — 
tifications, and the fleet. In the aflernoon, some ships of war were — 
ordered to stand in und en the batteries ; but their efforts proved < 
fruitless, as the San Josoph, 74, only got within range about sunset 


she hauled out, withont pul dismounted a. 
‘On the 7th between and nine tenet iectied bere i= 
‘on board the launches, and advanced very near the shore, about « mile 











a 


ie 

a 
if 

iE 

F 

F 

z 
e343 


ve-pounder; but at seven in 
returned pa doar: transports ; not a v 
fired = the whole day. The ending was not effected, 

there were not boats enough to hold 


le 
We 
Foul 
ales 
HE 
allie 
ue 
Heer 


cipal fics. re therefore issued to.man the ira 

tong boats at daj ie the following morning; but the 
been committed in marking out to the enemy the real 

attack. ‘The 8th was, as the Spenierds em ei sal “a 

perdida y sentimento para Exparia." The shi ent 

sition foe battering ‘he fats ‘situated on the i of the 

of disembarkation, the troops to the number of 9000 emburked Bove 

launches formed in six columns, at the head of which were the 

diers, preceded by the armed Xibecques, galliots, and other 

that were to cover the landing. ‘The es now opened their fie, an a 

the troops moved forward to ibarkation, about a 

and a half distant from the city, the Tie Cane towards Algiers, and 

= towards the embouchure of the Xaracha when near the bets: the 

vessels opened their fire with considerable effect, and Chase 
in admirable order in the intervals between them, not 
there were upwards of 80,000 Moors drawn up on the or sire 
=e 


i 


3 
Fe 





‘them, two-thirds of a were cavalry under the orders of the 
Constantina, The Turkish garrison remained within the 

defence. It is said that the Moorish force assembled on 
amounted to 150,000 men, one hundred thousand of which oon 


ng 
t und left to cover their flanks, while the boats id off for the 
ine to bring on shore the remainder of the troops. the landing of 
the first division, a sinall body of the enemy made w demonstrution in 
their front, but on our making an en ‘sand navement they immediately 
dispersed af oe pl oe brig in get Van de 
Jorious day 5 pushed on having in = the Voluntarios de 
Seog y Cotalufia, a kind of irregular "We continued tm 
fe etan dae coaereaes Saori in 
but most advantageously posted in ditches and behind old 
walls, ae they sept os a galling fire upo oar adeuncing co- 
lumns. ies, 
forward in Pl rans considerable loss, ‘Ae'tts 
o— some eid _ second division joined us, and 
some heavy} 14s COM at same time, we against 
some enclosures, etilary from whic however i pie of one heavy and de 
structive Sea eet aaa tao igo the enemy. Delain: 
hitherto behaved with the cat preston Fi 
the havoc made in their by the well-sustained fire ie acy 
fl at enfin in pie of ah Uh exertion ofthe fer, Toh 
igen on our left, with a 
di re edieantan one 2 nee in an instant a sudden panic 
ined the troops, a ery was heard that we wore cut off, a complete 
f ddbdole® Solloweal, the whole army quitting the fekd inthe prentink 


578 ALGIERS. 


and with the utmost jou, leaving an immense nume 
ber of id and wounded. ine oft ater er gto 


tothe oi hastily up by the artificers and 
troops of the third division. ‘This work had been already fortified with 
Soe oe ders, to whose well-directed ‘that of some 

eeddcieton saceet Leora pon 


‘seventeen engineer officers who had been sent 
fourteen were either killed or wounded ; the remainder not being sufi 


cient to direct the construction the works, the 
scarclyextensire enough to shelter the try. In this conned posix 
tion we were y the fire of tivo thirty-six 


‘the 
enemy brought out ‘from two batteries on our ri ie the Stam 
galloped up to our very entrenchments in spite 
Sich killed great ete tea chumanuicie army 2 in voor 
till dark, Leesa the regiments were ordered to re-embark, tama and 
with the you Tegiments to save time; the eee 
confusion wid whi ich it it was executed, showed the 
enemy, who might with ease have cut off the major part pee rene 
ur lous amounted to upwards of 5000 killed and wounded ; the Mur~ 
bears at the head of his brigade early in the action 5 i 
of the Moors was estimated at 6000 men: no quarter was gi 
= wounded, the Government havin; ing offered ten zequins for 
of every Spuniard ; fifteen pieces of cannon, three howitzers; and an 
immense quantity of arms and ammunition were abandoned to the 
enon 
‘Tha terminated an e: ion, which, from ee 
up in the Rice and the canta in the Filet pens gave the enemy 


an opportunity ‘he generals were iga0~ 

rant not Sees eee ‘lr ot the scite of the const, 

but even after reaching the Bay of Algiers, the point of disembarkation 

on to be among them a matter of dispute. How far at last it 
well judged is not determined, but even admitting it to have been 

to, the great ermor consisted ia ing forward the first division imme= 

aa on landing ; they should have eateries and have: 
till the whole army had landed, and then have pore 

bat tho iden of penetrating into an enclosed country, with 

Hatori which the enemy in immense force were eee 

was infatuation bordering on madness. Thore 

Pxlated neither talent nor resource ufter the retreat to remedy the mite 

fortune. On the army's reaching the Pace a ripe alterea~ 

tion arose as to what line of conduct was to be purwus 

exception (Gen, Vaughan, a British officer,) Gone 

to embark the troops and abandon the enterprize. 

‘warmly opposed this measure, stating, that the army “sa Vong 

ee ene attack an the following morhing ; ies 

overrul 


Large sums of money had been expended gee 
expedition, the public pbs ‘was raised to a tieh i 
when the news of the defeat spread consternation 








out 
ex 





LETTERS FROM GIBRALTAR, 579 


bled on the rouds to Alicant, and stripped! every Jeaukenprnecd rad 
i ae iutention of wreaking their thet Ontanender 


him aceate- Gone of Andaluzia. As a proof of the unis 
tation of the Spanish nation towards him, Gen. Ri who command~ 
ed the cavalry of the expedition, ced th the intimate friend roa re 
on landing at Sets; entered a café, which was filled with 
the different regiments of the garrison, who, on seeing cored 
geen the meas a left him to ruminate alone. id fy ie ec et 

in giving an account of the expedition to some of his comrades, 
suid, Nox mandaron a tierra como si themoe heber café con los Moros— 
ne sent us ashore as if we were going to drink coffee with the 

loors.”” 


LETTERS PROM GIBRALTAR, 
NO. IT. 
BY THE AUTHOR OF THE MIEITARY BEETCH NOOK. 


BENITO DE soTO. 
20th, 1830. 
I snanu now, Gentlemen, resume the sxtiec with which I cons 
cluded my former letter. 
When The pl pirates who boarded the Morning Stur had succeeded in 
fiona tating al all the  pesple on deck, they drove most of them 
bolow, and the rem jainder to assist in their operations. Un- 
less the circumstances be closely examined, it pu iheseaps how 
a ae could have so easil; jis a crew of English seamen, sup> 
ted by about twenty soldiers, with a major at their head; but it 
Tall not appear 20 oor when it is considered that the sailors 
more 


were alt hee oe warmed, soldiers worn out damalidsy and 
‘ticularly, thot ite carried a heavy: Ty ‘to sink her 
Pain ak dabot. Major Legle wes f5lf iaproned sot che Gilet 
lag #9 powerful and an greeny, nal shanetineadviod 


fore aS hy ‘only course for the mein those under his charge ; 
presuming, no doubt, that something Tike hi jumanity might be found in 
tho breasts even of the worst of men. But, alas! he was woefully de- 
cvived in his estimate of the villains’ mw felt, when, Sfivlotey 
that even death would have been preferable to the barbarous treate 
ment he was forced 


to endure. 
Beaten, bleeding, pacehty fea ee renner 
proceeded 


LETTERS FROM GIBRALTAR. 








the Tealnen of Mog caret Lena apusl, we oe 
ie ¢, it may be well imagined, were 

i descrip : vain did he intreat to be re 
remain; he was hurried ae piri even the chance of 
defenceless wife, and battened down with the rest in the old, 
be racked with the fearful apprehension of her almost certain ae 

The eet of the reba | being = a sre sat ae to 
regale ves, pre to the ‘euure 
eerie 8 Tine teritledodking. gop. of daciideie Ga 

Steward declares, could not be well Jaeaied Sioa Ree 
attentions at the cabin-table. However, 
naturally polite, he acquitted himaelf in ‘the tice 6 of cur beeen if 
as gracefully, at least as anxiously, as ever did Ganymede 
‘Yet, notwi ing this readiness to s scive the vatay tt eee 

desires, the Steward felt ill-requited ; he waa 
ened into an icicle, and twice thawed back into conscious 
by the rudeness of those he entertained. In one instance, when 
aeons lass for'n rolfien; axid belicred that ‘bel 
wou the heurt of the drinker by the uct, he found himself 
roughly an and tightly by the throat, and the point of a knife. 
Tt seems the fellow who thus seized him, had felt 
his teeth a shi bit of broken glass, and faneying eae 
‘been put into the wine to poison him, he determined to prove 
ions, by making the Steward swallow what remained in 
which the liquor had been drawn, and thus unc 
faced his command ; however, ready and implicit 
wate ‘bad ‘consequences. ‘The other instance of the Steward's 
ly wae this: when the repast was ended, ono of the 
eens him to aie = delicacy, and point out the 
oa iptnin's mone: cians fe might as well b 
asked tie to toro the vb ‘opher’s stone, However, ple 
truth was of no use ; his ‘ined requisitor seconded the 
by snapping a pistol at his brent ; having missed fire, he recoaked, 
presented ; but the fatal weapon was struck aside | E 
reproved the rashness with a threat, and thus i the Si s 
ge ne pening fate, It was then with feelings tarmac 
self ardered to go down to the hold, and in a moment b 
eae in fag ow-sufferers. 

‘The rafiane’ indulged in the pleasures of the bottle some time 
per a lered down the females, pee rmbt 
= humanity than characterized their ee towards the 0 

‘The screnms of the helpless women were heard in the hold 
who were unable to render them ‘aeefeeance; and 

























LETTERS FROM GINRALTAR. 58 
must those screams have been to their incarcerated hearers! How far 


ccadiog Ime Ur 

huge erste the erdere of Soto were to Dutcher 
‘ing on board, and it is re peers een 

fnsenetiong in consequence of the villains having wasted too much time 


ae and borin y= the = of the “ 

@ suri the water, so in destroying the unhay ‘ret 
», they mi  Oerakatiefictiedian ete eas wnhepy the 
shi », sinking fast to her lieth eer fate, 

it may be reasonably supposed, as their conduct was towards the 
females, ee ee as was the suffering it produced, that the lives of 
the whole k irish were rved through it; for the ship must 
have gone down if the women had been either taken ont of her or mur- 

and those in the hold inevitably have gone with her to the bot- 
tom. But by good fortune, the females succeeded in forcing their 
out of the cabin, and became the means of liberating the men coat 
in the hold. When they came on fae diane ith al hee sl 
could see the pirate ship at a considerable distance, with all 
set, and bearin; sp rom them. They prudently waited concealed 
from the possibility pen ieee by their a and when the night 
fell, they crept ite the a and called out to the men below to 
endeavour to effect their liberation, informing them that the pirate was 
away and out of sight. They then united their efforts, and the lumber 
being removed, the hatches way to the force below, xo [eat 
released captives breathed o| Sirens again, The delightful dra 
howover, was checked, when the ship was found to oot six 
water! "A momentary collapse took possession of all their newly ex- 
cited expectations, ant pe 9 of des} —— burst, —— ithe 
sailors’ energy quickly returned, and was) . 
others: they set to work at the pumps, and by dint of hi eae 
ed in keeping the vessal afloat. Yet to direct her course was impos+ 
sible; the ists hain having Careers disabled her, by aie ava) ie 
rigging and sawing the mast half through. ‘The eye 
Hic tigeeseg yey mare iless people, pees foll in with 
= vessel next day that relieved them real lime their ‘ls ing situation, 

it them to Ei id in safety, 

yee now return to and abow how tho hand ofthat Providence 
that mcedl his intended vietims, fell re pe ohare his wicked as= 
sociates, Intoxicated with their infamous success, the night had far 
advanced before Soto learned that the peenle "inthe the Morning Star, in- 

informa- 





stead of bein; Ceres he left to be drowned. The i 

Satlaneepentedinee oadoertcee is order ond 
im in tl 

Raney ee 

‘Scar, to datars rare in See eee preventing 


oB2 LETTERS FROM GIBRALTAR, 
the 


it Nt ae 
‘course to Corunna, whither he intended to proceed. But, 
his principles of self-protection, a4 soon as he bad made fall ase of the 
unfortunate gailor, and found himself in sight of 






came up to him at the helm, which he held in his hand, “ My 
harbour Dpieesn 
ty well, an 

Decimal 

took the 
a ened . 
wand shire aloet 

for the 


to, expecting to go in to his an 
shafed to the trestoard, and o 


He luffed hiss 
to 4 point that, 
off to windward, but his tar epeaedibae 
italy, daclo=-the faecal Reais 


he the é, and a 
the i despair 
PRE eeeenin Nh peti 
of the storm, and the darkened face of Heaven, for the first tin 
strikes terror on their guilty hearts. Death ie before them, but not 
with a merciful quickness does he approach ; hour after hour the fright 
ful vision glares upon them, and at length disappears only to come 
in in a more dreadful form. The tempest abates, and vhe sinners 
were for the time. “<< 
As the daylight broke they took to their boats, and abandoned | 
vessel to 


their lives. Bat there was no repentance 
pirates 5 ang with he night and the winds went the voice of con= 
science, and tl i a 
the beach gazing at the wreck, and the first soagtient was to 
i caractr, he roponed hi 
a 
intention to his followers, and received their full approbation. The 


instantly arranged ; they were to present themseles as 
Eevee loera te the auvtosities at Cadiz; Soto was 


al 


LETTERS PROM GIBRALTAR, 683 


and presented 


ir story was. 
listened to with 7, aud for a few days avery thing went on to 
, Tgoto hed. sasceeded co wall ax ts conelade the sla 


seven hon- 
dred and fifty dollars; the contract was signed, but fortu: the 
petites earore teelbmeintt od ang interme 
cies in the pirates’ account of themselves, and aix of them were urrested 
by the authorities. Soto and one of his crew instantly jared 
from Cadiz, and succeeded in arriving at the neutral 
Gibralter, and six more made their escape to the Carraceas, 

None are permitted to enter the fortress of Gibraltur, without permis~ 
sion from the Governor, or a proper passport. Soto and his companion, 
therefore, took up their quarters uta Posada on the neutral ground, and 
resided there in security for several days. The busy and 





companion to attempt to enter the garrison in ise and by stealth, 
but could not prevail upon him to consent. He therefore resolved to 
go in alone ; und the object of bis doing sv was to a supply of 
money by a letter of eredit which he ht vith him fom 
His companion, more wise than he, chose safer course; he know 
that the neutral nd was not controllable by the laws either of the 
8 or the English ; and although there was not much proba- 

ity of his being discovered, he resolved not to trust to chance itt s0 
a stake as his life; and be proved to have been right in his 
judgment, for had he gone to Gibraltar, he would have shared the fate 
of his chief. ‘This man is the oaly one of the whole gang who has not 
met with the punishment of his crime, for he succeeded in of bis 
escape on board some vessel. It is not even suspected to what count 
he is gone; but his description, no doubt, is registered, aheatowetl 
of the Morning Star informed me; thut he is a tall stout man, with fair 
hair, and fresh complexion, of a mild and gentle countenance, but that 
he was one of the worst villains of the lo piratical crew. IL believe 
he is stated to be o Frenchman. 

Soto secured his admission to the garrison by a false pass, and took 

his residence at an inferior tavern in a narrow lane, which runs off 
the touin stroct of Gibraltar, and is kept by a man of the name of Basso. 
The gy ee of this house suite well with the associations of the 
wth Bent’ i Lhave occasion to Ie the door frequently s 











jin remained for 
imself as if he had never committed a q 
‘The story he told of his circumstances was, that he had come to 


5Bt LETTERS PROM GIBRALTAR, 


rete sven, and 
been 


be in 
no means common with him. He ae of hit 
it the tears were ae art From 


of him; he stood erect =n 
voice, attended closely to the 
witnesses, and at the conclusion 


trait of his mind hroke 


‘ofloe the Targpucge Wily he'riada uso Of elo, pedantic and. 


‘Soto jntercapeed bim thus, whi 
fied the man of words, “(I don't 
Jike others, and. I'll listen to you,” 
Mr. Robertson, the teunk 





LETTERS FROM GINRALTAR. 585 


peaaebee containing the ill-fated Captain's handwriting were placed 
fore him, and ftolldva ban fora 14 his Hsien tod Wheatthe 
maid-servant of the tavern proved that he found the dirk under his 
pillow every morning on arranging his bed ; and when ho was confront~ 
ed with his own slave, between two wax-lights, the coumtenan: 

of the villain appeared in its true nature,—not de; ‘or sorrowful 

but vivid and ferocious; und when the patient and dignified Governor, 
Sir ‘Don, passed the just sentence of the law upon him, he 
looked a at his heart, and assumed a horrid silence, more eloquent’ 


‘The criminal persisted up to the day befure his execution in assert~ 
ing his innocence, and inveighing against the injustice of his trial ; 
but the certuinty of his fate, und the awful voice of religion, at 
subdued him. He made an unreserved confession of his guilt, and 
became truly penitent; gave up to his keeper the blado of a razor 
which he accreted between the soles of his shoes for the ackuow- 
ledged purpose of adding suicide to his crimes, and seemed to wish for 
‘the moment that was to send him before his Creator. 

T witnessed his execution, and I believe there never was a more 
contrite man than he appeared tobe; yet there were no drivelling fears 
upon him—he walked firmly at the tail of the fatal cart, wing some~ 
times at his coflin, sometimes at the crucifix which he held in his hand, 
‘Phe symbol of Divinity he frequently pressed to his lips, repeated the 
prayers spoken in his ewe by the attendant clergyman, and seemed 

less of every thing but the world to come. ‘The gallaws was 
erected beside the water, and fronting the neutral ground, He 
mounted the cart as firmly as. he had walked. bebind it, and held up 
his face to Heaven and the beating rain, calm, resig but 5 
aud finding the halter too high for bis, neck, he stepped ‘pen 
Mis coflin, and placed his head in the noose, then watebing the. 
turn of the wheels, he murmured “ adios todos, * and leaned forward. 
to facilitate his fall. 

‘The black slave of the pirate stood upon the battery before his dying: 
master to behold the termination of a series of events, the recital 
which tochis African countryinen, when he shall return to. his home, 
will give them, no doobs, a dreadful picture of Enropean civilization. 
The black boy was acquitted at Cadiz, but the men who had fled to 
‘the Carracens, as well as those arrested after the wreek, were convicted, 
executed, their limbs severed, and hupg on tenter-hooks, as a warning 


to rene 

the length of this letter Dam SPH pee to conclude, although 
T fain would send you gome things worth reading. I find T have an 
uccumulution of comments to send. However, you may expect them 
next month, unless another Benito appear before that time. 





* » Farewell all.” 


U.S. Joons, No. 17, May, 1830. 24 


Re | 


A POPULAR VIBW OF FORTIFICATION AND GUNNERY. 
NO. ttt. 






bei 
faces 
with a dit 
usually in 
Souris ie suicient ofa 

to admit of a rapet on ite 
GallLteaseaite twinge ates ikeacetan ae pened 
broad enough for defensive purposes, it is too narrow for an. 
lodge himself without ha Jabour of rem 
from the exterior to the interior edge, in order to cover 
must be done under the fire of the work commanding it. In 
Fig. 7, it is therefore evident that 
works over which they are from the view of 
ment on the covered way, thus acting the of 
lente raves Grex sisi they Gre placet cand 
dawn, ar blown up by mining, ere the revtement 
in their rear can be i - 


Ce ener ee ba pe 
it often placed 
Fini Werk lay bal settecants or tier Gets 


its 
destroyed. A succession of 
on 


"© Bacopt on the land fronts of the works of Florina 


‘constructian, that the count shou 
other, as we see in Fig. 71 for in a continaed counterguerd, 
reach to the whole line of work, 





A POPULAR VIEW OF FORTIFICATION AND GUNNERY, 587 


of Fortification, he covers his works of en- 
tiroly of earth. Those who were geaes \jox in 
1812, will remember an unflshed evant te ae La Trinidad 
bastion; but it was a defective and ill-constructed work (see Iv. 
vol. I. Golonel Jones" ‘Siege in Spain)* Indeed in and 6, 


Sean ase teraet to have a small ravelin (the x ibe) with a 


Te the pert rom desites farther information on this subject) will 
draw three or four fronts of the enceinte and the main ditch, and add 


ravelins und their ditches, then sketch a cow parallel acer the 
countersearp of the main ditch before each of the ving 
corel ays gn Awl and complete i ig Ce 


cover the 
bastions overiwhich Ay ee posal betion “ieee ae 
oe — the view of the enemy's Rein on 
lacis. lence, these counterguards | must completely ‘open, not 
aA to breach the faces of the herkinn tbaosanbahealeot walled 
batteries of attack, constructed on the crést of the glucis, to seé 
es flanks of the bastions that bear upon the passages of the riain 
litch leading to the breaches ; for it ix 2 maxim in the nttack, that ull 
the dlanking defences that bear upon the advance of an ‘anseulting party 
should reeds silenced. 


Deep re-entering ond great saliant angles are favourable to defence, 
as they it the assailant from —. into the deep re-enters 
efore he has possessed himself of the saliants, that would 


Shea see him in reverse. Now a iitle exatnination of the figure 
proposed im the last paragraph will shew, that coun before 
Bastions diminish thea pi Pojeetions, and tring, na it were, all the anlint 
places of arms nearer to the circumference ‘a circl le; and hence enable 
the besieger to arrive at, and to crown the whole of, the crest of the 
cis at the same time; consequently, in this respect, counterguards 
bastions are unfavourable to the defence. 

Let the interested reader now draw a few fronts of bastions and 
‘mall ravelins, placing counterguurds before the ravelins, before he 
puts in veri Wy Bie aaa ee ae this figure be sini ie 
same as the fronts in » counterguards 
ravelins passess the properties este sie speaking of raveling 











its, 01, vol. 1, Jones’ Si * The garrison, since the 26th, had succeeded in 
raising Ey taal before: par oo led to Le breached, about four feet, and 
atthe percd the batteries opined, the couatergard covered tea feet ofthe lower pat of 
ice ul eh ih wa gon nt 

ign 202, at Apa Ape she, iacovereal Sete eure Sa ta 
wes es es ody save daring th net rs rote 

‘During the nighy 2 re phy 
Nae’ parion reidag So HE] 


y inienntors counterguard in frout of the 
sled oer 
‘Also, a0¢ page 434, vol. 1, “comparing the stéep and ditficalt breach male in the 
face of La bastion, with the tea xp kt 
‘Santa Mario bastion.” 


“These extracts go to the utihity of counterguxnds, ar 9s Viding the raved 
vate of ha works i ther a, myst) 
get 





ba A POPULAR VIEW OF 
Se ett te) thee bene a ‘But there. must — 
evidentl limit to ae ee Oe AS =a 





itly be 
os = 
Bee ree ie. Bese sakes ee eee 
these points us the base of a 
eh Soreesy sare 30 i’ hein a 


He 


course 





of the bastions aro tin Go mete 

ravelins being thus discs though, to direct theta still farther from 

the shoulder angles of the bastions, would be to cover the bastions so. 

a us to deprive them of the active defence thet ert ee 

at Tndee i a = considered ux = exstal an -_ 

tom, (ng it is in most sciences) that'an: 

far, sae the principles on which the pel o neigh “fe Tab eats 
Upon the whole, count the best kind of 

‘extra outwork of all those hithert: Sheek ‘Dill beaent i 

the others culled Lunettes, &e. Still com yusrels are 

santracted-capacty, and In the atack, having thelt fees: to the 

works they cover, are subject to be enfladed oF by thet 


icaseiieroe:Diand Te "enaidlons, are works added to a sal raven, 
seen in Fig. 8 (, 1) hee Fig.8. 











having a ditch of ubout 20 yards wide before them ; they were 

to a small ravelin, in order to supply its defect of want of 
city, and to cover the shoulder angles of the bastions, as well 
curtain, Tenaillons, a» seen frout 2, Fig. 8, (a, a) were 





* An equilateral tdangle is when the alee ani angles of the 
qual to each other. ie euily proved by 
angles of any triany id Gents ok 


Ss fn ev eplitoral they a cee or veeyeal to each hate 
‘must be equal to G0", 


PORTIPICATION AND GUNNERY, 589 


answer the same purpose: eee vel the reader feet 
moment, to point out such glaring defects prly detain she rede 
him that e pees hare Bel fon great Aen ae aera 
bey oe constructions. 
pose the assailant to have ‘established himself with a “ful 

ieee crest of the covered way on these fronts, and his 
batteries: (c, cc) to have breached the alin saglea of the Kd 
tenaillons and-of the ravelin at: the fecpeeinser assault of these 
three works can be made together, these demi tenaillons do. not 
long the defence, . But worse than this, they offer to to the enemy's 
tories at (¢, ¢ ¢) two openings, to fire rors, (the ditches ay 
at the faces: of the bastions, therefore have much more extensive 
breaches (a, a) made in a, then than Af thes were, no demi tenaillons 5 
and the same objections hold inst tennillons. 

‘The followin, ketch of the fortit atiane es AD Caen, foes Fates 
a Plate X, Fig. ikea ts 4 specimen of counterguards and 





Counterguards on fronts 1 and 2; tenaillons on front 3. 

Jn this sketch of Ath may be scen the batardeaux spoken of, 
taining the water in one fhe ditches There fronts 81,9, 3, 4, 
and 5, have wet ditches, fronts @ and ao he 

We see, however, (in both Figs. 8 ES that tenalllons produce 
at ulens end deep re-neane ing angles ; wl favourable to 
mcr meg lyin bya dlattrantigres 


“ee pce ak of a nr those constructed be- 
pel ‘works already men! eS ee ok tee 
nsive weapons, ind generally ee the rear. sprees alforcress 


al 


= A POPULAR VIEW OF 






to protect 

phe ti bridge head, th: ope 
ihe e Opa ee hee lat covers: 

gees cr |, oF eee 


a ve woutl: have extended it unnecessarily, pecs 


oh hi enclose such become necessary, 
Shen foe runic they edd 4 atrial othe de vane 
Savkeernace that the nature of the eke beatae 


determine the description and capacity of a outwork. When 
So nok oaalovth ce tie Bly os inthoense 
této-die-pont at Badajoz,) it is called a hora-work. . 

By referring to Plite VIII, vol. 1, Jones’ Si aw bora-work ie 
seen to occupy ah Reh opposite to the castle of 

peed Mee 2, ¢ sane work, is seen the horn-work of St. 

latiereacie a hens side of the place. A 
fae the Ground ‘between two sheets of water, or inundations, as in 
this ouse, is evidently a proper situation for such a work. 

When the advanced worl consists of two fronts, it is a cromn-work 5 
when of three fronts, it is a double crowu-work ; when of four fronts, & 
Cree ei &e 

outwork of Pardaleras, at Badajoz, is 2 crown-work. (See vol. 
1, Plate 1, Jones’ Sieges.) At Males, there is an example of a horn- 
work before Floriana, euclosed ia a crown-work, (See 10. 

In the splendid Atlas that is published with Maréchal 
moirs, specimens of u variety of outworks may be seen. ly at 
Tortosa, where the Fort de Las Tenaxas has a beautiful work 
occupying the whole level of the hill; but the sre in this 
plan is not a horn-work, but s simple ravelin, ‘and covered 
way. In the same Atlas, in the attack We Lert (i (in Misch 1810) is 

a crown-work on the east side of Fort Garden, 

Let Fig. 8, front 3, represent a horu-work, the exterior side € & 
equal to about 360 yards,* having branches ¢ y and f'h, or lines of 
ramparts and parapets, with ditches of about 20 ms wide, communi- 
cating with ‘he main ditch of the horn-work, ae also with the ditches 
LS the place. The ditches of these branches are thus cut 

med Way und glacis, that they may be fully Presi: by the 
the works that look into them. it does not. this 
pres permit an enemy, established on the crest of Rad ec A 
horn-wvork at k, to fire through the ditches of the Tesneliey anit 


the faces of the bastions at i, i, before he has has crowned the ‘ 
main works? hence, an alached kora-work (as this ix called) is f 


‘* See Numborfor March, paget20, whore aid ohm Vaubon ot 
an 









ion that we: ‘must be grounded on he ponte 7 
such wth ray era to one eg sie 

mean exterior side of whoat 360 < reace, may 
idisral areas feat al bet fr oneal er te vine UPR it 


a 


FORTIFICATION AND GUNNERY. 





Floriana. 
Fig, 10 is a curious example of a crown-work A, ahorn-work 
B, (atauiy referred to) beyond the suburbs of Floriana atVuletta, Malta. 


‘When a horn or crown-work is constructed beyond the covered way 
‘and glacis of the main works, and is closed in its rear, it is then an 
vanced horn or erown-work ; as is the crown-work of the Pardaleras ut Ba- 


592 A POPULAR VIEW OF 


be, on the whole, a desirable arrangement to multiply these great out 
works or advanced works, which are expe dive. i Sein 

and are more calculated to im the ive 

ive places, than to enter into the consideration of an engineer 
construct a fortress, If cunstructed on ground on the sume level wi 
‘the main works, these great outworks or advanced works denis bee 
few fect lower than those in their rear, that aa enemy's 

in them may be fully seen and commanded. —ont 

We now proceed to speak of other works constructed bey the 
covered way and glacis ; as advanced ditches, advanced lunetter, 
and advanced covered way and glacis. A complete set of these works 
ail zound « place would form a double line of frtfestion, 

First, an advanced ditch is simply an excavation beyond the glacis, 
generally in continuation of its slope, as C, in 195° in 
this way, in order that its bottom may be entirely swept by the fire of 
the covered way. 

When from the rocky or swampy nature of the ground upon whiel 
the fortification is constructed, it les not yield s sufficient quantity 
soil from its ditches to construct the ramparts and parapets, an 





in Figs. 11 ind 13 
the whole becomes a formidable advanced line of fortification capable 
of prolonging the defence for ten or twelve days, in the hanils of a 
powerful garrison ; and such multiplied works are only suited to places 
capable of covering large garrisons, matériel, and stores, 

Vig. 








ee 
* Ditches having a counterscarp, but no scurp, as in this case, are called Heke 


ditches. 


FORTIFICATION AND eae 593 
length of hoes face of ole Junotte is 








angle, is cny leaf reeciin ia0 ae 
tl ive Ped nape pier 


~ Lunettes are usually made on the elongation ‘of the capitals of the 
Dantionis and ravelins : ates on the capitals of the ravelins are advunc~. 
ed as far into the cour possible, soutien: oie the established 
rnle of keeping their hots Within the range of 
of the place; of never reducing thoir flanked angles below oh 
ie wo as to receive a full flanici: 


a ins are proj 

self of two al jan res before he con meee tho re-entering one 
between them ; 3, for instance, neither of the re-entering Iunettes 
R, R, Fig. 11, can be attacked till the two adjoining saliant lunettes 

L,-L, have been 
Conceive the advanced ditch from the foot of the first, glacis tobe 
formed by a continuation of its slope, (ax shown at C, in Fig, 19,) and: 
running ton in this way till it meets the Bora of the lunettes, or the 
Fees ee of the mek covered way, (and thus receiving a mus~ 
defence from the first covered wi ) in such cases as are shown 
i‘ ie. 11; this slope of the advanced cod ditch may be continued to form 
the ditch round the flanks and fices of the prtticts lunettes R, R. 
In the saliant ioeary however, before the ravelins, it would be better 
to raise the bottom of their ditches in their rear, so as to be some feet 
ope of the advanced ditch ; from their rear, 
in un inclined: 


Soeur in Me case also, the 
“Houta he be, when 





is a section, showing the first covered way, advanced ditch C ; advanced 


— 


594 A POPULAR VIEW OF FORTIFICATION AND GUNNERY. 
Iunette F with its diteh and covered Here ix coats ea ae 


way having its crest six feet above te general nithegianed ere 
‘he See to an advanced lunette is not alwayé #0 secure 
Spree Fig. 12; it is more frequently by a a] G, 

Fis. havi enue in it to prevent an enemy 
raking it, by his fire, ux well as to it the besieged to make 
ee defence in retiring th it. In this case, either: 
steps leads into pol as the lunette, or if 





A ee 2 it - Iunettes, ns +. Mate 
occurrence in practice ; Tecate: Pre Sh 
these works is often to be found i i 


plate 4, of Jones's Bice where we have a lunette bearer: Se. Ro = 


‘one of the fronts of Bie ee ee 

attick in April 1812. In vol. 2, Jones's Sieges, 

tached Soran ae be seen in Plate xvi. che im of oi ies 
tress of Berge eee Seaeet 16, 17, and 18).* 

By anos ng Fig. 11, it will be observed that the saliant places of 
arms of the covered way, before 1 Se ren 
entering lunettes RR; and it ppen \Coties 
Junettes are mueh drawn in), that tt a is noe sal lent apa 
these works to allow the usual slope of the glacis when (int 


the formation of the advanced dite) to be low 
gorge to the Innette, and a counterscarp to its a 
mare rectify this, the g/acis coupé, or cut is is 
is, of prolonging sepa the Co Ba 
ose pare of teen feet thiel 
a broad, dry, shallow ditch, Se gr 
Shcwore of the adjoining re-enterings will merge; by this means @ 
of about six feet can be gained for the gorge Pyro 
counterscurp of its ditch. ‘Thus the glacts coupé is, im fact, 
pel ead ss of countergnard situeted upon the saliant of the 
tert the same neu hs vere way, and Hae 
wie \joining branches of the covered way. he) 


ie glacis coupé is ently used in 
works, or in new relies the g round ing Da the usual 
ella being formed. 


Sometimes ts are made at the foot of a as at Fy i, 

anise sha aasritme ot ieee 

the covered way, ort fark some part of an advanced. from 
sr abupe they are called arrows (or fldches) ¢ capes 

ih) ly Jead to ther 

‘See Jones's Sieges, vol. 1, Plate 8, of the attack 6a thé ease gk 

Pumentae e es G, G, G, bad been constructed on some of the 
low ridges of hills under the horn-work of St. Michael. a3 


& Also so the Atlas (o Maréelal Suchat’s Campains in Spain, where lune 
in the space botween the notthern fronts of Turragena and the sea 


or more 3 













ADDITIONAL STATEMENT OF PACTS ON BREAKING 


THE LINE, 127M APRIL, 1782, 
AY SIR NOWARD DOUGLAS. 


Sm Howane Dotoys bas bon induc oct rect ari te 
on, ove subject, in a 

Siatet ot Sit Churea Dest ea in the March, Number of out 

Journaly—and, more. at length, by an ix of additional oe elected 


been made, from motives at once hor Ee cy potites equally 
strong, but more ineal 
sl rensig thatthe question has the Quarterly Reviewer to 


pate ‘Apel and the former branch of the fnqulry as 
decided in the negative by the Teviewer, wh now Ms. Clerk's 





lusive. 


‘The evidence which I mean to bing forwant and refer to upon thie part of 
tte queda ohio diane rt 


FIRST CLASS OP EVIDENCE. 
That of Offers who wore prsent on tard the Formidable in the Aeton, ortho joined 
00 afterwards, 


int. Sir Charles Dashwood. first Statement, 1. Profice 
yal Gunnery and the orks oot bcs ain 
2d. Sir Soorpi twit. to Naval Gunnery, may first 





Thesiger, fmt Saiede-Camp to Lont Rodney. 
Ash. Frodrik Kg Fag, Secrtaty to Sir Cares Dough ia the action. 


ipman on beard the Formidabl 412. 
Buk The ane Liege. Norra Formidable Seu Sc bens Rl Lou. 


ib. Sir Gilbert Blane, < > 
Frederick Edgcombe, who Joined the Formidable in July 1782 
Taving referred my readers to what has been the to fist 


“eet (p, me cee eS ed 


| 


596 ADDITIONAL STATEMENT OF FACTS 
‘The subjoined is vee from a ontire stranger to we, namely, Mer. 
ver of hepa Sir Belt of 
di ishetaticer, who sho wa on board the idubie 









blotter to Sir Geog tery ae 


ea standing to tho wheel, 
pele Sie) sry jtat Poe time, ‘and to his! 
‘soon afterwardé, a full and circurnstantial account of the action, which 
corroborates, in every word and particular, tlie stutements which [ have 
brought forward, 


(Copy) 
+13, St. Alban's Place, St. James's Square, 
$Sin—L neat ee ee number of iil ato, 


ae orobortve of the 
Sask ser rt Uiney eis aploed pee 
timonies which you have a 

< na tar tt en ‘was twontysfour years of 
oown fn the nary atthe tne of bis death, when be hid utalned thera 


wome extracts Gs 
red to 





‘Leossation of fit Hie to bo found io te Naval Cl 
minutaly and corwetly given ; and he was not onlya gallant officer, bat at 


‘questionable veracity. 
T have the honour to. bees 
* To Sir Howard Douglas,” Signed) 


* If you should have the least curiosity to eS those parts which 

1 have’ copied, I shall at all times be ready to predace my brothers tie” 

 Eirsets From F. heiper ners, eommanond Darnley, 170 on 
‘21h 178, He had before announced his safety, and the 
ante ot the 12K of Api and thls won ta suger wo ons of ine, desiring 10 
ished with more particular information. C, Ty 
+ About seven on Sunday 

tho enemy boing under «ail. W 

; And in the evening, 

= rasmus clon 
















oars ote tine Ap shed dnc 
seventeen of our ships being more wpoctators, ce cesta 

Lhe ship astern of ws came into action ¢ the rest of the centre. 
Brera, from dh cane Ihave mentioned ieee ce 
fut, Hale was aang the Killed ery unable young man” 


ie i i at sce pe 
“Wo certainly sailod mucl ‘enomy, our 
whereas the Srvech had not twenty chan ehij ‘The espana ve ie 














slthough the trench Hoet quote 

eee eg e Spe up ihe th of Tur ils f 
we should heve brought them to action 

Sider he accident sich happend to the Zee, an a very f6 

Sh gu af th V Grpti ei a  ale 

pnt, whieh brought tn fleet very rauch to leoward ; in the morning on the | 

Sav tha eto hi tow iy a igalce whlch was guing with ‘her inte 







ON BREAKING THE LINE, — 507 
sent tna re hip fr he, bat the’ Branch beat do we eclted thes, 


SeSe She wonpten ts ig, Soray loupe pane ons aaah 
seme, but were too late, bane ine at tl weenie 
ou tie oth abd Tn ery tone tainly a 


chose our distances ‘The van and the head f us, pool clove fl 
the French line. ‘The Formidable went 1 the rest of the centre and vear 
tisisins fll. pot preety Wad Fae ey ea el aS 
os FZ Tinwithershoukd wo have. got dhrough it his 
Setar tava chad bk Bee Bs bin 
eee ge Charles Douglas the 
ao. ytho had the: tole mi i of fighting tho capper 


fino, fiowrobaal ating 1 hear Sir Charles gi 
clearness, and at the same time so rouch elated ; it had a Wonderful eifect upon me, 


vod T felt Af honoured fighting by a snueh: Me 
Conducted te For wel alae Eriiae Steeraties aloer 
throwa coh near. The Ad- 












si Tat i board ther, they 
tira er my 
Ane ne, Cy rapes Ain Bia 


ie asa Chars tpn vin 
tas Sir B 
inforior officer's duty to obey the a con a. Sy 
re into execution.” 
"The latter so often adverted to, and to which you altach some importance, ean! 
‘matter of a private and domestic nature, which prevents ime from snag omy 
pa ion , but thove parts relating to the Seal events of wy Pena ine 









1 side of tho quostion, (Signed) nie 
x een of a letter, fom Frederick Knight Hey, now ising at Sionehoutey Deson, who 
‘war'Sie Charles Douglors Seerelary at the Gime af the ation, sas. pretend. on the 
quarter-deck, and whase peculiar duty at wax to observe and note all that passed, 
nen t) as bechep pape eae bheay wpe 26th, And 
* In reply to. your inguin enone ject of broaking ou 
the 1208 28 rie 770, bog Ebene theteed thal ‘old ‘and fortu- 


nate Manccuvee rests seins on mae 4 ate Sir Charles Douglas, 
opening astern of the yee Paris, Seer sneeti 






‘eyo, viet 
ile do Paria bf ir” the wir as goes 5a to atts tha. 
ial o mg tema. * But Sie Chir 





or breaking the" fg, tad we Me Fees 
ordered it a-starboard, The ined 
short time, aud then retumed to Cela 1, when Sir coor 
elie tobe Me Hin, when. he in Aline! sae bey plese 

thon put os and the hai foe, and wae 
Reuse anf Se. se its hat syle 





“4 Couumisatoner Bdgecoube, Viciaalliog 0) 
+ Betract of @ Baier from Copt, Blaney, who was a Midshipman vn board the For- 


midadte in the Aetions 
), Fobruney 3A, 
‘« Be sus Sien,—T am fivoured with yo ae Me tae oat boone 


rrr not Sik bar woo i pula eso a the enemy's Ino, 
pag recor fone em has ‘irae 


‘the Captain of the Fleet, whether the he tn sha el at 
alternately done, and even a-port by the era he 


598 ADDITIONAL STATEMENT OP PACTS 





Sutalsnentenne 
“Tewas: 


and ftom thir Soca 


‘My journal for the Formi fe ade aaly 6 hese is 
paar gemini he ra che 


Peereretntdalsstertas hte red sina tena 

Sy ie compliance wi Si i wits ttt te qoenie enon 

part of cetngregineg than mane esa ee 

Sis Clben Blane os one atthe beets Prom fetid ir necuatse Bat 

learsing from. him that be bad alr determination 
=H subject mye a ‘which woul, sory place | 








"work: 
a i eneh atten tori er om Sacto 
the eet and I have seen, within these few nace 
Sir Gilbertson some, professional matty, in whic find tt wheel follows, 
fresh from his hand. 


Extract of a Lelter from Sir Gilbert Blanc, 


“My being late in Lope they home when I received your letter, prevented’ me fiom 
‘answering it as 490n ax you 


tes 
“* Lean have ue objection to rr ingacti the note you r 
send Sahn ctttse er ing et ru pope Tn ae 


"The Adil rly was dea) in the eabiw wader the 
the action, and T enployed yall in acting to work nine-poa 
they Tino, we were both 


ws fast ay ec G ieee 
round, and a er ap, he sent me to the lower gun-déek 





bers it T abstained from publishing it, as ft would Took raiaglorious and out 

ractar for me. in not the smallest item of contradiction oF inconsistency betweet 

‘my printed account and the statement you showed mo. - 
Signed)“ Gaunen Busy” 


Jit be not wmuch our of place den to neat sath wen soins 


circumstance for the sevien, that the Commander-in-Chief of the foe in ‘at 
iio 10h i Mb rvotinls campaiga of ine, should have had sin his 
from it 








dvi him, 30 able an officer «4 Sit Charlos Douglas, be 
in such bad health, either from illness or vo 
Uilty an unequal spints, so as 10 rendor him less 


duties ine from such high responsibility. "— 
ty Sv Giller Blane - 23s 








BREAKING THE LINE. 599 


I bdlieve no one who has heard the terms io which, in conforaity with his 
catiarreslations, 8 Gilters replis to questions put to him touching the fick 
which Laser, or who considers the import of what preados, with & 
the time at which it was written, namely, in the middle of this 7 will 





magnanimous, or that he, Sir Gilbert, more occasion to admire, than the 
manner in whic my Faber waved ihe subjet in society, and disclaimed com- 
iments which he, Sir had 0 at 

linens which he, Sir Gitbert, hd often tendered, at his table, to my 
Tramaly aber 

x iy 

ssion on 1ay mind of the tranmaction in is ay follows -— 

ret Wha opp te loreue SiC. Dg paid t have a Now ithe 
rlorious ‘moment for breaking the encmy’ line ;" Lara Roduay to have replied, * Sup- 
poue the fleet should he scattered ,” Sir aries to have rejoined, ‘ The fleet will not 
weattered ;'—that port and atarboard was ‘ondered by those officers ; that in 
the end Lord Rofney mid, * Do as you pletse,’ and weat inte his cabia, when Sir 


‘Charles said, ‘ Down with the helm.’ "Of course there were many versions of thi con~ 


rersation in circulation, but I have the strongest recollection I havo stated the substance 
‘of what 1 honnd on joining the Formidable, in July 1782. 
iyawd) “FB. Epacomnn. 
© Sir Howant Douglas.” 


SECOND CLASS OF HVIDENCE. 


Letters addrested (0 my Father, and found among his papers, bing to hi 
hs Stsentre folio, e08 agroblatag IS PLT ory fo kak eban 
tate Liout, Cleiland, of the Fame 74. \" 
2d. Gen, Smith, Unele to Sir Sidpey Smith. 


Extract of w letter from Lieut, Cleilandy of the Famey Ty who was. inthe ac~ 
Sant Bu. Chizign Dasples, daied Pong Monday, oneaipge= Saeed: form 
Father's paperss amen 4 


+ Fame, Monday Noon. 
Sic Chaslto— have Ween exceédingly unhappy in hewiag of your tullpdiden, 


“tL to God, len, for health, whieh is of more consequence to the 

te nation ofa at prdeat acquainted with..1 bare wndea alse 

‘ae my humble abilities can sean i nc et 

ty. if ot 7 will see. And it contains nothing but cruth—it will add 

lustre to: and poi ‘out 60 masterly o stroke that records 
cannot  Thave the honour, de. fe. 
(Signed) « Rowr. CLu4iaxn, 


+ To Sir Charles Douglas, Bate rr 
at oe nae eee TEE 
2, inthe East Indies hand and ha i j but L thi 
a se ae eho i al 


Briract of a letter, dated Stoke, Devonparl, th beans Ms J 
a 


Royal Navy, lo F. Bdgecomt, 
“| was myself in the batie a¢ a midshipman ou board the Anson, Capt, 
=n acert oF) yas yell wound a he 
Tieotenanis were—tst, Anthony Gibbs; 2d, James May, and 3d, Su J; 
alive esd y wud fel the opinion was, tal on 
oe oh dato 


ta thraggh of core was to you 
derstood that the line would not 
Douglas. 7 


* Sir,—T bad the howour yeatenday of receivi 
‘answor to which [can only state what waa 
the bieaking of tha Fronch, on the b2th of Apal, t 
+ Jtwas genomlly | that at the 


Douglas, 
‘was Mot 0 i 
to 
ile 5 ‘ras for the measure, ‘was calling out to port 





ON BREAKING THE LINK, 


° This is what ocours fo my recollection respecting 
atthe'tine was, and always his been, as { have elated above. 


‘* Major-Gea, Sir H. Douglas, Bt.” 


""T huve the honour to be, &e. Se. 
(Signed) 


“Davin Moxie 


pring iad ee teens pe Sit Howard Doan, wil you have the 


to thank him for the honour, 


conceive, he does me, in sending me his State 


avot Tas ‘acts respecting the Breaking of the Enesay's Line in the Action of the 12th of 
we tebe is ot na all the eireum- 


stances of that im; event, It was my fortune 1 ben 

‘Nuwur, the ip nea Strath Fae 
Hired, that Sr Charles Dooglas 

glasous opportunity si Gan 


feaqualare Lady Bryee, in whieh 












Lieutonant io the 


mtg oe Cot : 


Sipe 


meet 


Mrs. 
© Major-Gea. Sir A. Bryce." Giysel) Sond Lawroyex 


is somevhat sang that T nor koe an 








“Tego Feary 
“tind eon 


= 


jv Tastes, nor-can | now fed ny abeount of inthe Jour 
te stata in the work respecting the breaking oft line oo the 12h 


capa ny and has alvnys an er tga that it wis put in force on a 


sudden suggestion of your excellent Father to the Comrmandarein- 


ty to auch am p arbatright have 1 to doub 
H reputation and integsity, who wqre on ibe quarterdeck o 

hems to watch every word, look, and motion 

declare have been the ease ? 

ersten 8 Sir H, Douglas, Bt.” Bees 








(Copy) 
re to Totter of 20h insta 
Pet aoe eae 
mo. at of Apt, 
know lit 


— L resetve pout of hit Totter. 
U.S. Jouns. No, 17. Max, 1880. 2 


testimony recently adduced in your yarapblet, cannot but (of course) seta to gi 
bi ion. Tndeod 


Ct ee 


2, 


pees eae 
Cae ra 
the Commanderdn«Chi 


© Geo. Toners 





ry 


602 STATEMENT OF FACTS ON BREAKING THE LINB. 


wepes CLASS OF EVIDENCE, * 
Letters from Officers ue jamaica when the Pleet and Prices 
‘days fle Ue dein the hth nd were generally 


appease eo decisive oprration was 
cat ty wy Pukey ac cs iuprtent ome 

ist. Tle an Matta ts Cicaen af Bur Hopes 

2, ‘steritae 


af ote fa writi te adean'd an tenet om = 
when T bay Sonics nn nee 
Lond and Sir Charles 

That 1 wa in Jamaien, bei ee hn in the 14th 









“ This T heard 
‘he suite opinion © 


© Major-Gon. Sir Howard Douglas, Bart.”” : 
“ sien re: 
+ Sity—T wan favoured with 








“ Kirkaldy, Mageh 2 
Fe honour to receive yous letter of the Oi inant, in 
= shat rede concer jon oe nod a 
le engaarement ofthe 12th of A 1 1783. 
"Twas in the West Indies at # time, ‘but not vt at that beiltiant 
rictorions feet with 

yl facts generally stated were, that 

practicability of broaking tho Fronch line, and 
oe aie gel te moatur0 strenuously. [do not recollect 

Riel pasatieat or predetermined on this mode of attack whecevee the. Bats. 


sich now sour and Ta fouracore years of o 
nies ae ri Sse cer sare 
Chaclos as, by thoes who wore and ewe ciecumstances 
y ave bi Prete SIL have the honour to pares 

“Sir H, Douglas, art. (Gignaly 4 W. - 

T here cleae the evidence upon this part of the sees rid the stock 
T possess, almost every day contributes, I regret that I should have 
obliged to my so much ‘on the subject, and have only to hope that I may not be 
under the necessity of reverting to tt. 


al 


ay G0 wee wa i “ 


ON THE DIMINUTION OF EXPENSE, AND THB INCREASE oF 
EFRICIBNCY ATTAINABLE BY THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE 
MATERIEL OF THE NAVY. 





-oncrease tho facility cpodil : rt 
randa which 1 have submitted to the superior authority, 
munda, amongst other suggestions in regard to our naval armaments, different 
modes of mousing guns ae alluded to, ‘These modes appear toe in various 
produativo of econ efficiency 5 of economy in 
pe er he ed 
D0 worl ns; am means 
firing at least toro. (nies ‘one from guns: pile in the usual manners 


with s0 mounted, 

alc Ee her thir Tagen the vores as a 
broadsides.” Various other advantages of mounting suns on 

non-tecoil, with other observations relative to thebuing vamils wat may 


be seen in my Naval Papers, No. 7+ 
MEMORANDA. , 
‘The matériel of the being a term which, although very expressive, door 
‘hot appear tts rn neal yam poe tele 
under that com, 
torm, arranging them in the order of their more immediate subserviency to the 
attainment of the ultimate object of @ naval armament, the the 


OF these. my 


af 
Fgs' 
i g 
Ha 
Bf: 
ji 
1H 
Hii 


un, 
fined to the the shot in a certain F 
eukiidesgua icons sea tnbieurte talento 
eativaacteteclion aimed at; and) fifthly, that pre-eminent imple 
ment, tho vessel of war, by which the above-mentioned more imuediate imple= 
ment of desniction are to be brought Into the situation and postion most 
aaa ett eteee caer aeons 
a le ron 
ist of Sa Uomdlts alti ad for er anatponsee tareate 
‘more or less readiness for service, such aro docks, basins, quays, jetties, and 
* Vol.2, page 402 to aa r - 
‘Patlshel by Langan & Con, and ‘Hatelard and Son, —- 


e 


604 ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF 





Iecs deieteds or oft pectctan oo Sitch thle eee Re ae 
ig on wi oie ae 
fer pend alo weer ay uth ‘ ar ba Tel ae 





‘be evident in articles already provided, or to the providing of articles of wu 
rior efficacy in future, "The need. of th = 


power to diminish per 
to upply the force of steam to the navigation of veeet:of wari sine 


iid 


ich 3 





. ro ae 
of 
So in regard 
the yariety i 
some of those which mount the same number of gone the ate 


of different vessels, ia respect to the different number gare they. (as 
appears by the naval list) about forty-four, the greatest oi eared 
board tame vessel being one hundred and twenty, the smallest 
and this exclusively of vessels mounting aly one, gunyaash hk 
under the denomination of gun-boats, have found under some circum 
stances more efficient than any of the larger vessels, 

‘As to the considerations which may have given riso to the providing 
‘& variety of vessels, I will venture to aftiem that is 
subject is to be found on mcard. T have heard, indeed, that some 
have, from time to tine, heen introduced into the several classes of ny | 
he porpens ok endesig them more fit to engage with vessels of the’ 
similar class or description; and were it supposable that each vassal of 
should be destined to meet with, and ought therefore to be prepared 
no other of the enemy's vessels than one of the same 


— 





‘THE MATERIEL OF THK NAVY. 605. 
sent 


‘might afford & plea for introducing a new variety ; but while every vessel 
qo gets Buble on sneer with/ any CT lap qsiatieg ot veunle wid 
may have at their spor it must surely be deemed of the fra importance 
that every vesel, whatever be its class or denomination, should be furnished 
with means of propelling shot of the most efficient description, although few in 
number, to the requisite distance, and that the guns for proj 

shou be mound nx manner ate wel he 





eseel on 
‘auch efficient guns with which it is armed, but also most decidedly on its power 
in a itu 


sels, even though of the lass, 

means of locomotion, should be enabled, although from a single gun, to throw: 

shot with due accuracy beyond the distance to which the enemy ean throw 

their's, the ealeulable chance of success would be greatly in favour of such a 

vessel, trusting only to the force of a single gun, although toon 

‘yessel carrying guns according to its class, even to the amount of an hundred 

and twenty. On many occasions it as been said, that the adoption of so many 

varieties in vessels or in guns, has been preceded by experiment; but om refer 

Ting to the statement. of experiments that have been on any subjects: 

comprised in the naval intent as officially recorded, few are the cases 

in which the results will be found to have been sufficiently decisive to have 
led good groiinds either for the adoption ot for the rejection of the 

which gaye rise to a ppecteene| and when the resuit has indicated an ad= 


vant 
which the obtaining of that advantage has been pursued.* 5 


e 
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for the id 
rate (not published) 2 course af iments such 
Jon to mole querions lai core 


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sae 
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Poser pot thay oe rent, some further experiments seem req) 
site to afford sufficient grounds for the decision of questions so important. 
the mean time, however, £ will venture to indicate some improvements, whi 


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Bx i Ha seals Hun aye bifitH tie 
; soy ne Hf wi 
He yey faa ne antes | a 
: Wah ay Bi ue 5 
s TATED En aut M aR 
i iy Ue ae 
: fetta il! nie id 
: ilpaae abe it 
3 spate wey at 
2¢ Hey Hie aig atl 
‘ aie au ae oyei ae 
HEH Heat high 
ee i tastiest 


boa OX THE [NT ROVERMENT OF 





the other to the situation most for 
she ne on prea rpc ne 





senses tas oie cepa fect 
: rs ae : 
seni Sica siagenas, alfoed oti ren he go 


‘As to the mode hy which the ccs of inary from the ening ‘be 
diminished, that chance, as le, will depend on the | 
time the vessel whilst ‘hoe he the rete, frober of shot i expooe. Ao the 


ote wl pte a 
carry Car e coer cn |, on the quick= 


deepetircan cealiy chasse) salleyh the eaemy’s fire; that is, om the 
ebtien/'eed on the ind of material of the easels sides a 










wve considerble in the sides through : 
pats into the = tc a 


‘or platform, be traversed toditlerent (sane a must then be: 
tended in a'manner sulted to this purpose. When guns are mounted 
recoil, $0 as to turn on a pivot to fire in various directions, the exposure 
's shot is ad much evcreased, unleys a kind of bulwark be 
Foran sar fs nant of w ccie/sb'en tu be cayecsed SURES 
round the pivot on once ipa 
As to the Tuduerce which the mode ‘of mounting aay have ou the number of 
ins, of the bands to work them, and of vessels to bring themrt an mere 
enemy, the advantage of one mode iw preference to another, in as far as it is 
calculable, is exactly in proportion to the number of shot, wbich, ‘to 
lich mode, may be fired m a given time; since it must be evident that 
the number of vessels by means of which the went of guns ore 
within reach of tho enemy, that constitutes the force of an armament, 
number of the most efficient shot that can be fired in a time, 
to cither of the two modes of mounting if ie 


te 
6th, In to that improvement in tho naval 
Rope 
duction of the use of steam for navigating vessols of war, whilst the 
this locomotive force seems by some persons, disposed to investigate 


















* See note page 65, in my Naval Exeayy. 


THE MATEREKL OF ‘THE NAVY. Gog 


of be looked 1 

Pr or eer eye | 
ith ovr anemia as Tk 

naares ai edioes sees berpreoelie 


0 
all its bearings, are likely to be desirous of deferring their . fe 
Under thee dreumstancer, Tam induced to ubuit a mode of proceding 
see pemanied itself as suitable to the occasion, and as likely to meet 
witl fewest ol . 

‘ing the naval forve of other countries to remain composed of veascls 


It is usual, indeed, on penal to employ this force in the towing 
great ship, by means of rowing boats, as also to employ great oars called. 
‘on board the ship itself; but the number of hands thus employed is but. 
the time Jom fm proparation great and the made of spplicalien, by onre vesy, alse 
advantageous in w troubled sea. By means of paddle-wheels, such as ure used ia. 
steamvessels, this force might be applied more advan although the 


paratus (wiodlasea,eapatant, fc"), foe tranamiting the 
ike patlecubests roel ail ne fouad’sbjecioesbl on board ap ou a 
count of its cumbersome i deemed worth whileto 


jeness. Tt might, be ; 
have w paddle-whcel on each side, which might be sufficient with the force of a. 


few men to give a progrestive motion, which, though slow, sight be important. 
Potrero neokers mpage ear emp ona tim ney 
wheels in contrary ions, to. turn the to the most, pore 
tion, in time of action. For giving the degree of progressive motion to, 
cach ship of war of the present n, it eects most 08 to 
vide a small vessel to act asa tender, on board which the force of two or 


possibly t 
had occasion to notice in my Essays, No. 1, the of 
litle draught of water; it should Sa vest as much us by 


thelr form and shallowness are suited to the 





‘610 RECOLLECTIONS IN QUARTERS. 


ive vestals ng ee 
steers 
the first attempts at Mmprovenent sou be di 
‘our 


Jn the eonstrdction it veesele of war, and before ar 
‘made to their number. But the habit, on the construction of 
the ndoption of 


a new 
fication of the apparatus, of loc 
‘sidering by what other means the esi net 


Dec. 1828. 





RECOLLECTIONS IN QUARTERS. 
NO. 1X, 
‘THE SKIRMISH IN RUMELIA, BY J. B. ALEXANDER, 167H 


Tne moan-beams were glancing on tho plaid waters of ak 


" ded int w small bay from two 
binn Has ign which lay at some distance. ‘The men were formed | 








conducted to the bivonack of a saat roo] 
force reasinod during the night. After toe 
ir evening , consisting of ensha or millet wit 

waite a te when it had been in the camp-kettles, 
palatable. ‘The men sut round the kettles in creer ar 


Nest morning the troops commenced ici one wl Twiab the, 


ie ie hy nde hows wees fe 

without buttons, and trowsers stra ets from’ 
Be ae sen over aa ry 
ment brass chains ickers 5 nal 
BoE fo mht ie Stbek et fo 

eal thei ridets 
ivallete, in which val 
Se rien anti water 


‘was wanted, it was 


RECOLLECTIONS IN QUARTERS. 6 


‘marching; ‘their broad white belts were worn over the coat, 
and their knapsacks were leather with the bait on. ‘Then two 


There 
coustant succession of hil] and dale, and the roud was crossed by nume- 
rous streams ; the thickets which at first appeared, fie changed 
to lofty trees of oak and beech; then precipitous cliffa succeeded the 
rocks, of fantastic shape and varied colour ; near these falcons hovered 
or whecled in wide circles; at intervals the Euxine was scen lying in 
silent majesty in the distance: 

‘Thou glorious sea! more pleasing far 
‘When all thy waters are at rest, 

And noonday sun or midnight star 
Ts shining on thy waveless breast. 


each of who ducat was promised ; the i 
seceilod meemio ed. with consldorable care, as 


: 
= 
iE 


Cossacks q 
distance they observed immediately towards a 
Ss Gemick tare Soeen ersten ae the fagitives, and danlt 0 
whips, which dropped the unfortunate ‘Turia, ‘The Cameks 
unate 
Mision planed tha in ther fces 


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a hill rose behind the vi , which was half 
and the minaret formed an interesting object on which the 
reat. The walls of the court were close to the roud, and 
clear fountain which gushed out into a trough for the 
horses of wayfarers ; on the other side of the road was a 


eaves; this overlooked the ei aap: prospect was very, 


‘The night passed in quiet, but just before dawn the sentries obsery— 
ed dark moving under the bunk opposite, and then the glancing 


road, fusils were levelled, and a sharp volley (with « 
Ullal) was sent ut the house; this was quickly ut 
‘Turks immediately concealed themselves, ah 


way ; now being e they fell rapidly ; 
tally Eadested on thie pe Reih on she wala 


bb td 
Cossacks, and imaginin, would be charged, 11 
about fifty of hee eee the field. aK! 4 
Oar detachment waited for an hour or two after sunrise, to: 
they were likely to be attacked again, but finding thut the count 
nite clear of the enemy, the march was resumed along the 
little after mid-day several Turks were discovered Tarking 
on the right, many were secured, but the rest fled and 
the appronch of the 8; shortly afterwards, on 
of a gentle eminence, the town was discovered on a p 
connected with the main land by a narrow rock, on whieh was 
tower; there were no batteries on the land side, but several 
sures were observed towards the sea, on which were seen” 


fri 
baal 








NAVAL REMINISCENCES, os 
them desvended to the plain, eS mere anes 


from the Saws wah bm 

commenced u: at Re dloer advancing ; stent 
the cavaliers fal fom their horses, which unrestrained 

the country; the enemy then wavered, and ftally rode slowly or 
the I cing tou fopn ia cumeber en alm thane thasdera tee 

town at the same time sane: and wo aly ened sod Ue ope 


entered and 
ie above details will give ni ides of the nature of the war- 
ire between the Raselass wok ane ree Decpeeie o eseee: 
fare the unfortunate Osmanli had fought with determined 
bry Sn bad shown, on most Sener he bia but after 
‘Sy pened they thoght eof ie awsusoppese tele dainy ead 
ul it it to their destiny, 
pari ve up the contest after a short resistance. betas 
Quarantine, opal Crimea, 


NAVAL REMINISCENCES, 
ALL's WELL! OR RECOLLROTIONS OF MY YOUTIT. 


Auv's weit! how often that joyous watchword has smote on my 
ear during w long period of active and arduous service, from boyhood's 
thoughtless yoars until the brine of angry waves, and the transition 

from clime to elime, but above all, Time! that dire cnem pe say 
ios and auburn hair, has whitened mine to silver gray. 
well! the glad sound seems still to vibrate ou my ear, Gaon 
from its cheering, yet half melancholy notes which break through the 
stillness of night, and relieve the moeantencts of the sonorous bell ; 
and yet I confess it was not always so, for uring 
years of my vn ba st Dot in it wei = aoe my yore, heart to 


tremble with fear, and 
‘This was the effect of an old ont ioe peers ioe de x now in all oo 


5, suIne amusement. 

Shortly after my first entry into his Ms Maleiyare age on board the 
——, then eruising off the mouths of the Twas under 
the seer quarter- Cane di ers a eel cia eae 
ting, splicing, ae ing, &e. then deemed of the first importance, both to 
the tyro himself, and the service in which he may one day bear a cons 
spicuous part. This hard-featured, weather-beaten veteran of the 
ocean, was of the true school whence Britain draws her shot aban 
of oak, the North-sea trade. ig an iy of bis di tga a 
of credulity and ‘and 


-, aed inthe iting Mtoe so fur being. 
= San act Be cate See 








lt NAVAL REMINISCENCES, 
dort and the Sirisg Delaeress were all ns 
unsophisticated. an -henrted tar, as the | a 
dey ed tne were ae Riegauad Been Saoks 
Beattie! St 
‘To stimulate my ardour for the acquirement of. Awoends of 
ae tgs, to the different = 
th aces call pions snduptiatiog st ‘others, he used to. some 


one of his wondrous stories, and were to me ai 
of amusement, except All's Wel! wh rbichs fet its first | 

rooted jinpression on my mind—nuturally woo much 
Pecmneopandineiicadiontt ‘horror—that required ie eaocel 


‘exchange for a better and sonbieaeines Meee but old Be 
as he was familiarly called, Little on the 
young minds, so that he was quietly listened to and d 


on. he taffrail, from whence he cast his vigilant eye. 

ship while entertaining his surrounding y hearers, (for there 
were many of us, and several now officers of high rank,) who, dering 
the first watch, used to assemble there from nine till 


welcome intruders, As a most appropriate prelude, pes 
out his favourite tobacco-box, and replenished his regs absolutely 
eticcpae gaged as he called it; with 


* Once on n time,” sea 
isi ae See cen ped a 
s. hraveology, try and give a version 
ay toupee fonds regres wenen gi ines ie 
moon was just hovering over our heads, and a 
Sat os oa lee that swiftly sorept along; id 1 
gale, which Speen iar tated sounds i 
immense strings of that mighty Adolian 

i me va er en Ten ened for the St te fa 


bai When sgt fleet, under the command of the brave and 
Gartingons end Porte Ball, 9a the cone ot Been cy ser ren, 
agena an lo, on the const. of Mex 
ected (afer a bug clean) eater pom anc 
ts it er ims 
Secliimedace tiger oben care thopht the 
a farther ttacks| were Id aside, and i irae rts 
launtless courage, was her capture effected. " been 
Jong and bloody Se Veth elo: te Doster abd the go Of 
ke strewed with the dead and the ‘sings but but the 
Tad’ beats with success, and there only remained. to. 
the kind isord at ecieniy wortus wobailet ee Re 


Lo er ere fire id the 
iiteak tena gty tae ae 


were cut, Decrlineseiend he was t 

captain ‘of marines, a brave and: hnotane 

prize with an armed party, to ascertain the state of 
expectedly found himself Opposite a strange figure, 
deck, enveloped in a large manteau, cr Spanish ‘loa the head 
and the frame trembling with fear und: apprehension. 


Crees 





= 


NAVAL REMINISCENCES, 615 


attentively the form before and instantly concluded it must be 
Pcie dams erp eran e py prec 
ragement i ips too in 
pte verse poh fF pen cy Fe dept oe 
ed:-her mind, he could not divine. She either did not seem to 
or heard not the proffered kindness ; but his heart was ly 
too keenly touched to desist, and he felt it to be the imperious duty of a 


terrified woman! wi ilo atl loner she pressed some 


ing his presence of mind, he inqnired in tones of soft com) ly 
: — eae 


Ti ase in her afflictions, and kindly bade her have confidenco in 
the humanity of himself and his companions in arms, 
“ Whether from the peculiar gentleness of accent ia which this 
epee was uttered, or some new and sudden hope that 
the terror which as yet had absorbed all her faculties, she 
ly rose, throwing aside her cloak, and herself on her kaveg 
before mel in an agony difficult to describe, she. exclaimed, ‘Saye 
my child!’ If the officer was astonished at the first part of this 
se e esp how ersaiwas mene seu ouside doeaie 
It mpostrop! jounced in 0 prostrate 
before him rai and seriuecoudantor twenty-five years of 
her beautiful dark-brown hair dishevelled and flowing in long and 
tresses over her drooping shoulders, with uplifted hands seamsg 


eye imploring, his suecour for x fae eurly-headed bop, who 
hitherto been closely pressed to her bosom, but who now clung around 
her neck with an affectionate anxiety far beyond his years: ‘Save! oh, 





save my child!’ she repeated in a voice, whose touched the 
very depth of his soul, The could not be mistaken, as it was 
that of a mother nor was itin vain ! for it was made tow man, and 
a gallant officer! I will! I will!’ involuntarily burst from-his lips ; 
“be you comforted—be assured, Arise from posture, my dear 
young lady ; strive to regain your composure, and accompany me to a 
‘where you will be in safety, where refreshments repose mi 


tuin’s future protection for and 
look, wherein a presontimest af some atic cs was strongly diss 
et Godemed lie wither tens tad fant 

le im 
well! turned to leave him for ber couch, and, alas! for ever! for at 
that very instant the guns of another fort, situated ons long low point 








thi story 
permit, and have onl be hae Pte a tious notion 
restit contented the fature prospects Le ee ir con 
Which he-was ever dfterwards known through the British loot. 


FORKIGN MISCELLANY. 
FRANCE. 


corps, 

o'clock, because it hid onder there that time 5 

Toes poe irade dich urea We ae 
ion to obyerve, that on the: of tha St u 


U.S. Jounx, No. 17, Mar, 1830. ‘ 25 


618 VOREIGN MISCELLANY. 
were 


sible for that Fog wom ‘This ig the only reselt that we 
dedi ts 5 history will ae to 

ifidaire, Vol. VILL. Liv, XIVEL, 

PRUSSIA. 
CAVALHY TACHICH 

<a 

“ Ueber dio Kavailerie.” Upon Cat with particular considerations on the 
attaek in column, By Ad. S. Pamphlet ta amo. Berlin. 18200 

, in his observations on the tcties of i 

‘ing the attack in col 

rear-rank adds as in 





His work is divided into six ebapters, in which 
column, the nature of the charge, the opinions for and ‘the in 
column, the value of individual eomsbat, the order of battle of the 
‘The five first chapters relate to the erroncous maxims of Meee ae 
= to the eriticismn of the Mili/air- Literatur-Zeitung of res = 

esto hide that She principe of ‘cavany bas Sent. Poeemay a 
‘stood in the tare wars, as shown hy that arm having been united. 
Napoleon, according to him, was the only person who knew how to 
vantage from cavalry, by forming it in large masses, whiich were rok 


to the action; he, therefore, with an inferior cavalry, obtained more ad 
the Germans and Russians ever derived from i ; 
exceeded the 


far French. : 
‘The author approves of what Capt. Heydebrand has said 5 
chiarge, and assures us that the latter has given a faithful 







justly observes that it is not expedient to employ masses in the 
and that in the third a virtue is made of necessity. 


ree Lin 





that of the Hussars, who 
siers, and that taken in the attack, in the melée, and during anid 
suit. maxims afe tes ia number, and as follows, 

1. Abody of cavalry is a unity. Auempts are not to be 


FORBION MISCELLANY. 619 
enemy. with several of its, fastiont, butt to sh sneered sala Nn ot 


= ron 
ble them to make head pola iapat seh my ay tno 


4, The greatest force exists in the fist line, whic tein anita 
beep ropes se 

5. The commander should be this maxim, that he must seok 

the enemy, and not suffer himself to = fed by him, no. mater hove 


t his adversary’s numerical superiorit 
Lys 6. The reserve lines should have patty tater tarde wallow tbe 
drocs ofthe Rep mer epore to pass through them, and to prevent diaceter 


ieee Seer ret as com 


% aisese soos wok be de tel tap ence coon “ieee losocs 
Et : 





—- et cnow what he is to 
tuthor then, not less happily, refutes the four objections 
y the Berlin Gazetio, viet Ton to impure fae 


ciples, nee han ie supported thevery scthoritios which the Herlin 
tte has ino} ‘cited, pron ba: fst nan analysis ad must be ugh 

- eee ens or ‘The anthor proves that the cavalry has not degene= 
rated since the of Frederick ; that it has even pr pa ettes 
army a number of distinguished officers, that its service has been perfected, 


its rapidity Gwette which construes the 
respecting the formation of the cavalry iv the several relations and hits- 
tories of the oper French army, isto an admission that if Napoleon 
united masses of this arm upon important points of the ficld of battle, he owed 
the victory, with to the well combined use of a part of these 
j deeds which it never could 





rs 





vain theories 5 his 

ibal, bala which ao few-of the leroed 

themselves the troubl foto Wok Bul der Siencen No. Ve 
aso 


: 


620 FOREIGN MISCKLLANY. 





‘Tux work of nay 4 ayers (ed. 182), was the first whieh, to 
order to extract from thence instruction AS the art of war, 


















‘The Turkish wary ieniere xii Ana ica oi fo 
aipetisdtiicn: tha results, is econ and ee 

History. Scat shows the Oslrann power, Kis ps sare 
jucnee. 


wien Europe under its devastatis u 
Toa Tape system Of attack, overran rey land. In te Ta eee h 
jerous 2 


ive system, {pees 
recat eet ‘century, we find them almost 
field; their warlike energy had been acne 
xhibited in the protection of 





ied the most important means of protection tase ey 
‘The campaign of 1828 yave rise to the most viuied 
cereale nat eae 

: ad dla the Turkish ean 
F my, and the defesiye power 
Pethe union acral 


gata cout gen ‘opinion, had opiate 
war with Turkey. 

‘The second edition, in consequence of the addition of the 
ns of 1828 and 1820, and the viows and observations con 
become twice the size of the first edition; the umber of Pp 

“hesc of 1828 and the form 

ws of 1828 and. 1820 are, as er 
part compiled from: tha exouneloatica of ite 
8 to have, had a completo knowledge of events 
13, 


FORBIGN MISCELLANY. 621 


HANOVER, 
ermal ater eet coke ines Brittischon Officiers. Nach di 
Relic. trel i}, x0n Gus N in Kells 


frei bearbeit jagle, vormals Lieutenant in Konigl- 
Grossbr. Diensten. rie tern, of Journal of a British Pa 
translated Baglah by hy Gu ‘Gustwiys Nagle, late Lieutenant in, 
service.”)—Hunnover, 1629. 


Fire le has, with much en peied thst work hoes facinating 
Sepa cot Oc atta erie, ob Wessice tee aaa 
we of its now distir ced author, as that on which to bestow the labour of 
fa firat attempt at a translation from the into his native user 
vice sever years in| De Mon’ rgimant dori: the late wa, fed given 
the translator cree of making himself sequaintyd with our idiom, and 
tho leisure of peace has since him to nd by study to the acquirement 
thus fortuitously obtained, the less accessible attainment of a at the 
style and pan eng of English compositions. 

Professedly not a literal translation of the original, the German version ai 
Subaltern seeks not, nor can it ae be visited with that critical comparison of 
sentences and words which a less hi tithe might have justified. “ Abbrevia~ 
tions and remodellings of the forms of speech,” the sy frankly inti! 





‘armed with the sword instead of the pen,” Ad 

cludes, and fighting in the British ranks, the transtator cx make no eae 

‘sion to reseenren eee in his literary performances, he, ventures 
to bop that wo wel ground of excuse, as upon that of a first atten 

that scoanal Teste jbims which, under other yop 

would not have ventured to claim, 





Mt. Nagl 
ndertakea; but we rust at the xamo time oxy 

aay abbreviations and omiasions towards the ae wade 
Leavshcall ave doprtonl ia deaf ss MIN aintiree eae ee 
olegant English, whith he bis proved himself so eapable of presenting in elo 


‘Were wo called upon to select the parts of Mr. Nagle's translation, which for 
‘spirit and fidelity put forth the clam tothe admiration ofthe ing, 
wo should, capo ee jos scenes which, in the 


3o effectivesthe the fealings 8 solr fry the bat 

plundering of StS Story of Duncan Steward, &e.; and ly 
A hoe passin whic the graphle powers anda manly seasibility of | 

fare more cous Scotch dialect of Duncan it 


wes ct 
course, impossible for negate in German; however, with all due 
mae rth vrei Pounteronrreng mae a] 


ty be won over by the itiavity of the German “ Du,” 
May's to ih rand to * Oly Steward! 
de doch nicht wieder verlasien !" to ye’ 
‘no gawn to leave ine again! 

and virtuous Trishwoman, Mra. M‘Dermot, the death 

of her gallant busbai php ea feeb alk ps soetpe 
soluble to her native city, has not been so gallantly treated by Mr. 
‘Dunean’s unfortunate Mary; indeed, the St eondlenaation in thas fart of 


622 PORBIGN MISORLUANY. 

German work is too ovis id that 30 
poe Se ae dents tare heer at PEA persae ie fotcha 
is also observable in the nineteenth whore the translator: 
phosed a # Hymn to the Vingin," into * Au iuspiring, Ws 
aot aa 

e cultheir eotsring, France 








fae of the ‘Legion, i \ 
wught that his gallant countrymen, being good Protestants, were more | 
to have complimented the god of war, than a more orthodex diviaity, om 
u + Der Reiter und sein jindes Ross 
sind gefiirehtnte Sine" 

‘would certainly not have been an inappropriate stave, ‘ 

Tn conclusion, we hare only to mention that Mr. Nagle’s work it 
bis Royal Highness the Duke of Cambedgo, that it hae bean sews 
oe in the German Journals, and that it is well calculated both to 


Titerary reputation ofthe translator, and extend the fame ofthe wither 
‘Subaltern.” é 





AUSTRIA. 
TNSECTION OF THE ANGLE. 
of a 














three equal parts has 
aoe 
ay 
advertiser then 

celebrated and inventive mathematicians, that the trisection of at 
has been ever ted as an impossibility, and after quoting the 
this author, (of whose name, by the way, he does not inforan us) thus: 
the assertion. 
faa ie thar however ant tnt the rnc een He pao 

j I will prove my words by pure geometrical constructions; voury | 
Si pope Wok aaliGeally cid’ resrbely ead eh dope Of ae 
San Ga Elway Gece eat oie Leealy beret ta : 


ean 
“* Nevertheless it will easily be perceived what difficullion 
communication of a discovery, the possibility of which has 
many centuries ; and [ should have suffered it to.remain 
oe ciky hei ys aoa ber mae ly the great and undeniable 
incovery, ion of an opposite course, 
<r AN Yalnarin tod sbadenien wit. 
this new discovery, will please address themselves by letter, 
Henry Hausmann, Sitzer-stoat, No. 423, opposite the War-Otiee, 
Flom the ouside of the ltrs the word * Geomes ten 
each me in safety. EW AKN WRRSERRSKES 
‘pave Mc Major in the Truperial and 


Ad 
“An Herm Heinrich Hausmann, 
Hofkringagebande gogeniiber, im Wien.” 


FORBIGN MISUELLANY. 623 
NAVY OF EUROPE. 


STATISTICAL SPECIFICATION OF THE EUROPEAN NAVY. 

The following comparative view of the number and strength of the several 
navies of Europe, is contained in No. 15 of the Allgemeine "olive for 
1830, the editor of which states that founded for the most part upon 
documents, or where these faile, upon other credible sources. 

‘The English Navy, according to its strength on the 1st Jan. 1829, consists of— 

[en-of-war from 80 to 120 guns 54 











- 4 7 7 
Frigates + 50 60 37 
» 42 48 112 
Corvettes + 10 38 172 
Briggs . 5 158 
Total 610 
According to an average calculation, these 610 vessels carry 22,920 
‘The French Navy, according to the compte rendu of the Minister 
for 1829, consists of — 
Men-of-war 2 a % 33 
Frigates. at 
Smaller oraft (probable umber, no official return 
having been made) 148 


222 

Taking an average similar to that by which the Engish vessels were caleu- 
lated, these 222 ships carry 7240 gut 

"The Russian Neoy according to the Naval and Military Magazine, the Courier 
of Smyrna, and the \Joumal des Debats for March 1639, consiats of 81 ebips, 
with 3052 

"The Netherlands possessed, in May 1829, of effective ships of war, (amon 
which 12 of the ling) 20 of 720 guss, and’ 63 vessels unrigred, with Boer 
equal number of guns, consequently a total of 93 ships and 1440 guns. 

Sweden and Norway are stated in the Oestreichische Militarische Zeitschrift 
for 1826, to possess 372 ships 2,243 guns; among these are only two men- 
of-war, 

Spain, according to the Bull. des Sciences Militaires, 1828, 6 men-of-war, 12 
frigates, 94 other vessels, 12 ships of different descriptions on the stocks: total 
124, with about 1,920 guns. 

« Bortugal (Ocstrichische Mil. Zeitschrift, 1826.) 

2 men-of-war of 72 guns 144 guns 
270 


6 frigates 45 
7 corvettes 20 140 
2 brigs 18 36 
6 small vessels 10 60 
Total 23 ships with 650 guns. 
Turkey, before the battle of Navarino, had 
20 men-of-war 
15 frigates 
32 smaller vessels 


fi SS tie Total 67 with 2156 guns. Pa 
lence results the following comparison. England alone possesses 131 ships 
of the line, and 479 other vessels, and these 610 ships of war contain 22,920 
guus. On the other hand, the united force of all the other European navies 
amounts to 93 ships of the line, 889 other vessels, and 18,761 guns. The 
superiority of the English navy is therefore undeniable. 





» 624 
GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE ra 


Mx. Eotron,—Some doubts havi been oxpremed a 
Boxann, as to the ads Tiaty ip be denies om 
ied Fee ae ancients, I venture to offer you a few 
the sal L - 
“Thos wo look othe ances or lesen i mee at 


i 


trained, bodily and mentally, to the profession 
WOOMLEW? 96 that wlliaty ‘dong: Babee endl Leow 
And strengthened with their s tctics were 
Ieee alata, Se el ateriter 
inspection ; and above all, tho great militiry historians 
Toads, pai 







what wo want in military mattors—* ‘The rest is all but 
Now the reverse of much of this has been the case in times. 
ifiioultion of military duty and service increased, the profession gr 
a Se Se Uae Se Pe eae and became a disti 
ied and to by i 





n eae ase ens of nel iana down to 
raises ving ined victories, or for having merely e: 

rest i brian a ase rhe ches ane erate 
to stand before us undimmed by the doubts and darkuess. that moderu 
Ad the sorance ef mdr. ist ans, have thrown around the. 


‘arms. 
Tn utter forgetfulness of the wise saying of Ebu-c-Wardi, that ve 
men have fallen short of greatness, whilst the coward has attained his 





Syne artificial stute of society, Ta Bephocen: igen 


© Compared to the present 

NOS ca conan proashony Teaplr eer. ipa SACI 
sor tapi) 

More’ sarmy Urough the bateran is tight, the fruit was Sat aliogetbec WA 

lua themmchvedy Doha priacipely owtay we. wacrom puotseiowa| Vera 

hey bad been trained. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 625 





a 
and that a spirit of patriotism had aprang up. tiremenred i wncited the sol 
diers of that nation to great and generous exertions. ‘This is perfectly trie ; but 
it is a virtual abandonment of all claims to military selence and genius, for it 
attributes the results to the prowess of the men only; avowing in fc tht, as in 
the dark ages, when two Kordes of barbarians encountered each other, victory: 
remained with those who held out the longest ;* there Reopens ee 
reel 

trained on just»principles, skilfully led, and strong from their coufidence in 
themselves and in their leader, easily overthrew a million of imen inn arms 5 oF if 

jerined wns 5. i ebii at Thrasymene where, 





time of Forderick I, Formation and movement Cae and aro still, the 
only objects sought for ; whilst action, and above all, bold, skilful, and energetic. 
otion, is totally disregarded. ‘The-oldier, whose business is wat 

to fight, but remains tinekilled in the ase’ of the 


I juli as when Jeft the loom or the to enlist 
Poe ee ii Te acta tacos enacCicha a ie te who trained 
their soldiers in athletic ie exeroims, and instructed them in the we 





but quoerly.” 1 
i aon aes ea some 
tom of tac! ‘war we us on , 
Te eh ieee akaer Sienltad. fol he fimrchy eocccetanl wid ar 
bout cavalry and infantry uninsteucted in the use of arms, thought they hud) 





of Wallon onl dition to tivance, Up. dy, and dave those 
tm advance, “ Up, M v 

to the rt bree Ges mens haa et at ents. 

frye heap haen anes dpe ga 5 and 

be Vand By Juaun, lad, we have them now t'* 

tive has aot been doue, 


626 CORR ESPONDENOR, 





iueed 10 an affair of posts, to'a contest for a hi 
hee all tha the soldier tad een tught was wel, that 





thaa for the purpose of di ny arms the quarrels of 
rth pot of Uongoumont deeded by & few i male 

nde by a fiw lig 
ed ‘yf vito ad half of French See pra post 60 
itself di 
time 


mnee from. the few ii pai 
5 at to give them all the alvantage of th 
atte happen, to se them to the henour of easing 






in the ceutre of the front line of the French, entinely to i 
body of their arsay, and after it was defeated, the troops 
dered as a matter of course. Thus geaius and the high mer 


anity rave only in the waste of brave ms ives 


all to protect the fame and reputation of their migl 
shock or stain, should the goddess of chance remain 
suppliant, ee uttered in loud of cannon and of 
dying groans of blindly sacrificed thousands. 





Fiphipieatins ails 627 
Cena onl 


ata] thoes Or ode ae seaaay i Heda! 
fetions great only fom te Pan areal 


naval a ine tan history Dae heat Wee teas oe hat tee and un- 


ni other age 
‘They have mised a high standard for futurw imitation ; sad in of one 
rage they cannot be it must henceforth at’ least be criminal to fall 


fing manne, or pointed out the reletions 10 which the si rises 
opinion 
i hare béen achioved with such men bad their tacties and training done 


Edinburgh, April, 1830, 


Disadvantages of an invariable system of Promotion by Soar 
att Bree eet inducements to zeal and personal exertion in any service 
iaily in modern societies, of which Uh nn is not the mee | 
rie is) te rather of a selGsh than a padi ath 
ibe prises for wish alone moon ot devon th shchsalrt teieeote at 
Exerclon which sks if, injures beatth and waster talant wad information, with. 
ut giving reasonable hopes of fhir rewards in these three particulars, (va of 
rewards in some measure corresponding to what bo be obtained 
talents and exertion st ee Tokens ‘or modes of employment,) must, 
pe a, uppeas hight Ue be driven to such exertion by < 
duty, of pride, or ae necessity, but his efforts will be restrained and 
embittered ae conviction of their ogee and ing fa ‘The more 
fly thick wil ape 
iu serv 





Sieassean The het to tbat ets is tor 
it must be taken where it is found and 
ia wanted; and the attempt to infringe 1 Shunsans 

and’ fixed roles of f promotion, ma in proportion as the 
advancément of fey ae: persons iv dangerous. But the in 
RS i 







to wealth, rank, and power, 
ie or Ruan amtisn ae tobe oben 
dividual will Mp 







apathy, ‘He will not only fail of reward, 
Pg ition, Reason ‘opposed to the 
ion ay ice; he will 

Tn oj to these evils, which 


‘nly ‘iad on 
ar ih wy 


am, Mr. 
‘Your most 


+ and Tet tt 
Jie near 204 
increase class, This plan will 


ight to the country’s barthen; for some years to come it 
nfand the reduction ‘that ne wal sake in subse 
af to actu », much upon a par with the 
stating tat oat nl ce ag 
Newaoams, and muster, art allowed to obtain promotion bh 
heads of those senior to them on their respective lists, thern 
their cases, as whatever merit a captain may evinep, he ean only att 
of admiral by the death of his seniors. “Ther are now 350 6 
who have all been longer on it than either of the naval Lords 





CORRESPONDENCE. 629 


bum aud Sir Henry Hotham) were, before they obtained their ranks as rear 
admivals, or than that strenuous advocate in Retin Stiles Tats tet, 


itis hoped, will not i ps, should the alteration 
Hac uarat pon titer tetas ven bent be col ee, 
would obtain the second class of 





Tam, Mr, Eai former: ~ 
‘March 1th, 1830, ba ace a Wimomtes 
Relative Pay of Colonels in the Army and Captains in the Navy. 





of 





more correct 
what are such only in. hin own imagination, ‘There is no pay attached £0. the 
tank of Colonel the pay of  Lieutenant-Colovel isnot increas on, promotion. 





were actually serving at the period of bis promotion, or reduced contrary to his 
bese Tost Capua a an increase froin 108, 6d. to 12s. 6d, 
and eventually to 14s.6d. - Lieutenant-Colonels of 1812 are uot yet Colonels. 
But the truth is, Mr. Editor, that the two Services can never be 
together, bat by their mutual anxiety for the good of their country. Both have 
advantages peculiar to themselves. Youra, aaa 
TRAYAS. 


Colloquies with Folard.—Fire-arms, 

Dean Eprron,—Delighted as { have been at the manner in which epee 
talented correspondent tp. 1G. has conjured up the shade of my old friend Foland, 
and resuscitated the loquacious spint of that lively Chevalier; T cannot but re~ 
gE that the old geatleman’s abode in. Pluto's su ie should have rendered 

jit oblivious, or at least regurdless, of some remarkable changes in the arms.of 
‘that art of which he beer so bright an ornament. 


preceded the musket, and the whecl-lock, currier, snaphaance,caliver,carabine, 
And esclopotte, the foil; nor do I wish the Chevalier to take my ipse dix for 
a th of tle pope but wil toe eM oho SNe of 

Aecheologiay in which he yl ‘descriptions of most of these 
Pieces abl yey ‘Doctor Meyrick and to the exquisite delineations of the 
=—s . Skelton. 
irom 


the limited circulation of the former work, the greater of 
readers must be dobarred from. iy pera, T subjoin the extracts, Slenesion 
support, L would not have ventured to enter the lists with such high anthority. 
I am also ready to admit that these omissiony are unimportant to the general 
subject of the lier's lucubrations. 


os Oe ae 
Y i i fi tty 
Carver Carn yo od is cpa ly a ms tes 


1 The last 60 of the frst 360 worm promoted in 1810, consequently, iu 1&0, will 
‘ever 


630 CORRESPONDENOR. 


we, atl et 
pl oe 
eer ieg erry ey 
be retained. ‘Thin 
thus constructed, and wis | 


ihaurce is shown to have beon a ear approach to the 
riot Dah ‘ign of Elizabeth.” 


name for the d 
shit ring tit of ross downto 160 when the Fea invente 


“ So slow 
‘The growth of what is excellent,” 
Of whose successors I shall not anticipate the account with which 
rir soaien de rtiog of} th epitonaised, 
val pages; T bate 
Teacsive el lane reaing esetipdeog:ecntsiced i vet Accemtada 
tnust, succeeded in proving the @. E. D. of my proposition, ©" 
TBver; dear Editor, your constant 


Ma. Eprron,—Observing in you 
beg to remind ‘the writer, that he has the: 
cage. | Hie might hase added, 

‘as well as C. Fre 





* Doctor Meyrick supotsts the probability of Uiis name 
‘brian vessels, led ‘Carods, which were wie with these hens oe 





CORRESPONDENCE, 631 

seat bie Heald wont cn Sins 

vent 1 woul ve a to seco! 
pee ‘The haleyon times of the dione are, ee 
bebeag ee eee eee should not rewain 
unnamed. James Couch, who eee 1017, was: 
‘appointed to the Perseus, off the Tom jut eats hes fresh-water 
service Of raising PEACE ESTADLISEMENT cori on 
the 2h of Janancy, 1824. This waa not derived from 
ip Src, ia ee ol eth gintimr| 

over 

on corner would render a favour, were he to remind vs many 
vessels have been lost or seriously Ta pela veya 1.” together 
with the dates of the re-appointments of some of encounterod 
suol mishaps. "Yours fs Be Sia 





Military Medical Department. 
Ma. Eorron,—Convinced that the grades of the Military Medical Depart 
ment demand, in an ey manner, the hand of oo to ensure the 
comfort aad 7 abit oto lia cl oe ani 


At present, I chielly refer to the relative situations, of Sat apd Rogie 

as, both of which, Ly His Majesty's regulations, have the same amy 

rank, viz» that of captain 5 en the custom of tho service, the Sia Surgeon of 

: lay, taken preceden offices and duties of the Department, of the 
sta! Surgeon, tho p pereanty 6 Deeaky years’ standing: yet the situm- 

tion oat sete | in other neopets; 3°20 auch Teas ndynnt that Regi 
‘mental Surgeons can but ph induced lo accept of it, ane ise, 1 pont 





be sent hither and thitheryto this orthat quarter of the glabe, and to be 
halpay at the suggestion of an re ual, tho Diner me 


ever just aad well in but man, a tae of eon to 
ie ich ature is subject aie 


the motives 
ee 
nents, to the injury of dheir prosent Sie wih out twat to thee 


was this the only inconsistency: the ieovee arn 


‘ofthe naw Seat Seger Pete tg reco og pay who 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


i, a ‘the ranks th few 

a franks much, a8 there an rm 

ove Stuf Surgeon ; rath Oe eons 
allowance in fieu, would be mere trifle, in comparison 
suet a regulation, and the josie t would aod 10a 


Regimental Staff Ofiicers. 
‘Mx. Eorrox,—Your valuable Journal for the present mouth 
which T perused with no small surprise, augmented on Godinng iat 


le signature 4 A Regimental — = Officer.” ye 
than Burkes an | Easrastars mer 00, 
and complains tat 


are not included in ealealating et Save ‘of contribution to mess 
The pera Cet ts gevenentay und I shall endeavour to prove the oo 


does receive an * allowance," via. that to cover 


x one, bee evr dreamed 
age sae ree ‘and jt would be 


vacant cn — 

ixpence a8 
teacher arenes 
tingent expenses of a company, such as repair 








CORRESPONDENCE, 633 


deaths and desevtions, and remuneration to Pay-Serjewat. It would theye- 
rere unjust to charge my contingent allowance ‘mess or band contri- 
ae do so with the Paymaster’s postage allowance. ‘The same argu- 
ment ies to each, 

Another reaton against #o charging the contingent, (and the observation 
plies equally to thd Sommand. money'of a Tinstesant Selooet) is, that in case 
‘of absenee; whether on public duty or private pleasure, it ix 
Borer to, tote ofcer on whem the temporuy comand 

vot 


je 
ie 





‘responsibili 
+ieij 82 then seach npennblltys aad Sona atonal tay batterers 


to the Doctor's remark, that * the Junior Ensign would conoeive he had 
more right to command the services of the band than ho has ;” his must be an 
unforionate corps, {iftadeed he oe or ever did, along to any compe) and 

a Civil 


one different from any T have seen or bean! of. His observation 





imperative contributions 
outibuting one fithing: more in proportion wo hele pay, than the ml 
Berton of the ofc Hie abo ames the mea, of supporting he band 
sess to be cently unjustifiable v0 fhe xs randy Medical Otfiers: does he 


PS. As peresive ove of your correspondents enquires rgaring the aib~ 
acription for the Clarence Medal, permit ine to ask, what ix doing or about to 
bbe doue, towaids erecting a Monument to his Royal Highness our late lamented 
Commander-in-Chief, to which, in common T believe with every British officer, 
Tconteibuted my mite, nearly four years ago. [73 





Oldest Record existing of the British Naval Uniform. 


liveries, as. sive as the inclosed warrant specitivs, for the principal Com= 
tmanilers of His Majesty's ships now on the Niny Poult be the 
amouni? taking into cousideration, at the sime time, the difference of the value 
‘of money in the year 1604, to what it is at present. 

‘The inclosed was furnished me by an officer of rank, and, as T have already 
‘stated, may be amusing to many of your 





readers. 
Tam, Mr. Editor, 
Your most obedient servant, 
A Nava Orrtenn. 
‘The following is extmoted from a manuscript in the Betish Musou, 


nA % by the Grace of of Scotland, Fr 
Janes R—James, os God, of England, 5 a Sraneee 


and Ireland, Kings, Defem the Fuithe, etc. To our trustie and 

beloved lo Sie George Lowmes, Mr of our grecte wardrobe, 
and to the M* of the same that oe shal Ys grcinge, Wee 
wi you intlio vpon the si Cheeta Jelyer oF cause 
40 be delivered vnto our well-beloved john in, Thoinas Grove, 
Joly Hankin, John Eliot, Roger Morics, artes pelt 
thee Crass te iste Ui To ey ef it es ne roared ee 
‘at thirtone shillings ie ECR 





PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS. Y 





finbsterial purty, and 
‘4 emaments ave eee tate a he rea 
of poll than of professional services, die 
fxason whi reapect to I sined 6 sharacter 
foreign fom the objects of the abstract 1 wll, 
therefore, suffice to state, thal tbe atwemtment of 
Mr, Sinith was, after some disenstion, withdrawn, 

A conversation took place 00 the present mode 
‘of tramiting silver money Wo the. outports wr 
‘he payment of the Navy, hy apectat messengers, 
‘Bur ME W. Riley thought the country bankers 
ought to be able, im 4 move eeonounienl way, to 
object. Mr. ¥. Lewls said he should 


etl upg elt 


ho had 
‘usd, nd should continoe raetie- 














very 

sable monne of promoting ecewny and iy 
the Interests of the service but he had yet heen 
oable todevtee bimvels oF learn tram 


ment In the oxliting wystem, 
‘the 25th oF Maret, 








‘upon which «few wbservations 
‘were mate. ‘Ty yeas amerved that the State should 
avail toelt of commerciat competitions od that 
Goverment should not turn minofacinrery of 


‘Yornment factory ; nt present, ie was conskdered 
seving Uhvt Government 

‘of seme ready for Iino 

sliate use, Mrs Peroeval declined dimaaion wotlk 
regnlarly before the 

store resumved on the 96th, 

‘oielal moniberyy it 

10 flare, rupernnaualions were to 

led for by dednetions from the salarler 

‘mee. There were 

rks made Ow the pre 

Kooping the public seconnts, but 








‘cumstances, 99 Hor reductlens 


if es son 
‘Aner tue Sa 





Mat the Military College could be lave wpa 
the ernie Cuties some other votes 
10; and an animated debate arose upon 


Lord Melville, nd the Hou, W. Li Stbarety 
son of Fart Rathurat, which allowavees were 
nae after n very short period of service, owing 
10 the comolidation with another of the Boned 6 
which they belonged. This debate, however, wae 
merely Iniradueed for the purpose of arralgning 
the conduct of Ministers, nd was but nomleally 


‘A mun of 44,0004 for tho erection of 
Mospital ia Matta, vse 











t 
bi 


i 
i 
Hh 


i 
i 
i 
z 


ipted without success. 





1 the privilege of »ppoloting and 
ested = rong ia: oepive} be te ba 
‘lave of volumtenry are rander the 
direction of the to the 
Uinitation of the of ran. 
‘Mant employment 





4 ; inl Fe 

: cea aa iginen 

a nian ea Shall 
' iain! ne Hun eee 

as 

: i ah a tae He 

2 ile Hit rk 
a Ae Mga Hl HM 





GENERAL ORDERS, CLRCULARS, Se. 


TO THE ARMY. 


- 


Soe 
Ly Haxorwos, © 


soldir 1a England, eloven-penee 


sore gla, iten-peace 


Cavalry 
per diem: 
Tafustry 
Bee 
ee 
sixpncs per 


‘one 
‘have the honour to be, Sir, 


Your most obediont humble servant, 


to the innkee| 
the soldlaron 


War Office, March 22, 1630. 
gist 
honour to 
‘this month, 


for 
the march in 
Mutiny A 
Brat anor 
for mart 
public 


20 
the 

re to bo made in 

following rates :— 


comovts, 
to eal spp 


the 26th of 
comnts 





639 3 
MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


ARIIVALS AND SAILINGS. 

March Ue Puymourit, = Salted H. 

Droid (46), Capt. G. W. “Mtamilion, 
‘South America, Avrivid HLM. P, Bande, A. 
from Lisbon. Balled on hi. Sailed 
LW. Maguat, J. Porton, tor 

20, Poxrawourit—Arrived M. M,C. Arrow, 
en I, Torvckstows, 

“PaLaouri—aArrived HM. P. Hope, Lieot, 
‘Wright, trom Denos Ayres tnd Monte’ Video. 
Salted HM; P. Bheldeake, Tews. Blo, for the 
oeward funds, and Lapwing, Heat, Poster, for 
the Hirvninss 

TB Porrexooen—Arcived hr Benth worth 

‘Liew, Saners, rom South America. 
‘ate Wie Jntolrv, 20th January. 
22. “Porrewoirri—Arivell HLM. C. avon, 


es 

‘Atvived He Ms Ks VigHtanty 
leat. Loney. Salted HM. . Lay Mary Pol! 
ham, Liew, Carey, Or Rio Janciro. 

W, Pournovru.—Salled HL. M. CL Avvow, 
dont, Turuckstowe, amet Southworth ‘Trans 
eat. Balers Arrived the Britomart ‘Tra 
sport, and Lar Williaay Bewtiack Transport, 
W. Walleor, Master. 

Puy noorne—Belled HM, S; Beicwiart (10), 
Com. KJ. Johnvon, Arrived HM. Stwam 


MP, Swat 
= Coke, from Cort and Malte, 
Avvivet Hl: Me B. Cygnet, Tew, Gooding, ani 
Stuner, Lowe. Ration, from South Aroeibon, 
Balled HM, Btoam-Vesiel et, Liew, Bhwett, 
unt HM, Ke Vigilanty Kent. Laoey, 

B. Sper. 





























2, Pomrewours Arrived 
Hate (FW), Capt. F Warren, trom Mediterra- 
niean. Atrived the Supply, Noval Transports 

Pieper, — Arrived MH. M. I Kingtidhwr, 
ent, Walker, 

B. Powrnourn.—Bailed the Mope Tra 
sport, Lieut. Pitched. 

WH. Powrsxourn.—Arrived H. M.S. Petia 
(18), Com. B.D. Hoeheson, treo the Mester. 
ranean. Left Matta, 21. Camo tito nor 
HM. 8 Spent ( ni wy 

Puvsoors Arrived HH. M. 

‘Mont. Lovey. 
Sieeenens.—Arived Hy 
BR. Deans, 

¥ Poatseourn.—Arrived HH. M. 0. High» 
Ayer. Balled the Lord Willian Beotinek Tranaport. 

VAL MOON —=Sailed H. M. P. Sandwich, A. 
Behuyler, for Lisbon. 
= Powremowra, — Sailed the Beitduart 














‘Childs (18), 


Coun, BJ. Jobnson. 


— Arrived He BM, Gx Stare 
Pelican (10), Commander 








Behe Leet Hint Balled 
(19), Com, Johmon. 

10. Susenuses— Arived ie Dilguwe 
Tranaports 

pc VORveMOUrHL Salted HM, Gy High 





ransport. 
Veta our. —Arvived Ife Me 8, Britomnact (18), 


Sunwuneess —Arvived 1. Me 8, Pelican, 
(1, Gee Hace, eee Mc! 
‘Sanita, Liew, 





‘Thrackaione. 
Pacwvorit—Salled i M. Bramb, Ken. 
Haswell, 

%& Porrseoura,—Arived Hy MC. High 
fiyer, ant” Mf. © Wranitle, Liewtemant 


Manweth, 
®% Pirsocrn.—Amived WM. M. 8. Galan 
(42). Capt, Napier, 
‘PaxoUrM, — Balled HE. M,C. Bramble, 
Havel 


Paiaovrn.—Areived HM. Maynet, J. 
Forievnny froin Lisbon Balke Me Ms Btean- 
‘Yewal Beho, Lieut Bisson HM. P. Brisas, 
‘Ment, Downey, tor the Brasit, 

Cons,—Aemived HM. By Nlanrod (20), Com. 

1s. Fonrixavi— Satie HM. 8, North 
‘Sea te Hnvane, | Artend WMO. ee, 

HN. M. 8. Briton (46), Capt. Hon. W. Gor 
do from the Wet Nadie, La Haran, 81 











contrary. winds, He 

‘Star (28), Capt. Lant W. 
Remar Bets 

“Biout Haswell. Sailod 


tem. 


Surrglag Vel Com: eek as 
M4 Pomrexourue~ Arrived HM, 8) Gala 


Put bch with 


(M.K. Vigitant, Liowt, 
Arrived IL. Mt. 8. Heels, 


fen (at), Capt Napier 4 








60 


‘Suennsnse—Sailed the Tijgence  Treeaport 
Arsived HM. M. C. Barly, Liew, Usierwowd. 

13, Powe wowrn—Anvived MM. # Ocean 
(89), Capt. P. Campbell, (rom the Mediterrsnean, 


Last Moy Ba Mare. 

‘Sm H. M. ©. Surly, Rivut, 
‘Viherwood, 

Favsourite— Aived Ml MP. Rinaldo, 
Lieut. Milltrom Pernambuco. Leh 22d January, 
‘aad filo woun Veoruarss - 


Ning deut, Hverinan. 

Farmovrii—Arrived Hy M- Pe Mutiney Liew 
Paley om Havana, Lett sth March. Sailed 
HM. P. Cygnet, Lieut, Gooding, for Linon. 

32, Powrenowen, — Anived Hh, Ms dnt 
Ons, Liew! Dasewon, Hy Me C. Reweny and 


ta 
Mediterranean has commeveet by the paying off 
ft several spe in the comrwe of the best toni. 
‘The aeslre preparations fopwand ow 

‘of the Prench for the expect ttyck 





ip Spartiate (7%), was pald ott 
‘00. the 11th of Aprity ak Portgmouth, having bees 
-caminisloned by Capt. P. Warren, bn December 


March, arter a 
metview of three yeare la the Mediterranea. 

His Majesty's Sloop Wolf (18), having com 
ried a wervice of more ive three sear On the 

fediterrancnn Station, war pald ol, at Ports. 
‘mouth, on the 304h Nace. 

Majeaty’s Stoop Peliens (18), war pall otf, 
a 10m the Lith Apri, having bees ein 
stbove iheee Fears in the Mediterranean, 
Felicnn was reconunlesioned on the following 
‘day, by Lent. Hon Hoowant, 

hin Majesty's Trig King Geer, was palit oer at 
‘on 6th Aprily having been exmployed 

aboat six years in the Packet Service. 

‘His Majesty's Orn-Brig. Coots was somone 
siount at Plymouth, on 20th March by Lieat. 
G. Swithers, for Atviean Station, The Comet Is 
new vowel, 

Hils Majeriy’s Shoop Conlelia is preparing +t 
‘Chatham for Channet Service. 

His hip Druid (46), Capt. @. We 
Haraition, CH. hae tied for with 
Mr, Cowper, sppoloted Brits Consul at thar 


His Majesty's Ship North Star C2), Cape. Tord 
‘Wan, Paget, tas sailed for tbe Wert Initis Station, 
having on boar Ble Ry Keer Porter, apatite 
‘Commiaioner for the adjudication of Mave ques 
‘ows ac tne Flavin, 

Licot, Cook, HX. has hewn prosented with = 
handomely ormamented cold enuf bax, accompa. 
phd by » leter from the Klug of France, for bis 
val twewation of the Night Life Muay. Other 
Powers have Been equally forward Is rewarding 
Lent, Cowk, anil it ie to cheer that 
while the ingenuity and of naval officers 

















MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


Bl 
i 
H 
I 
i 






z 
I 


H 





cx 

Gh Hoty He Ae 
‘Winlow, He I, Cheavelaud, J. Ge 
in Seamanship, H. 1. Con, G. 
fon, G. G. Te Patey, Pa 








Wiordan, 1. _—_—? 
‘Vertings B eS 
APPOINTMRNTS: 
Asniral Bir Manly Dixon, WiC We 





CHANGES IN THK STATIONS OF CORPS. 


{f Admiral the Right Hom, the Barl of Northesk, 
G.CB. 
“Admiral Str Thomas Foley, G.C.B. Is appointed 

















to the command of the Portsmouth station in place 
of Admiral Sir Robert Stopford, K.C.B. 
‘COMMANDER: 
Leavers, J. Retired. 
Marshall, J. N. Donegal. 
LIEUTENANT. 

Aplia, B. Carron Steam-Veweel. 
Baker, J. V. Pylades, 
Barret, J. F Preventive Service. 
Beatty, D. M. N. 
Bedford, D. 
Buterfeld, E. 
Carey, T. 
Carne, H. 
Dickson, G. 
Denham, H. M. 
Dixon, R, 

an, Gs 
Harmer, 8. F. 
Hay, J. 
Mn, 3. Camellon Catter. 
Hodder, H. Preventive Service. 
Howant, Hon. E. Pelican, 
Homey, R Preventive Service. 
Joues, L. T. Cordelia. 
Kendal B. Ne Hesla, 
Lyell, T. (Flag) Vietory. 

tT. Hyperion. 
Defence Cutter. 


‘Warden, Woolwich Dock 
‘Yard. 


{ 





Pasco, W. M.G.J. 





Rawstone, J. 
Robinson, C. J. St. Vincent, 
Roche, J. Bkipjack. 
Sheringham, W. L. Britannia. 
Shortland, W. Monkey. 
Slater, M. A. Beitannia, 


641 











‘Smithers, G. Consict. 
Strood, 1 Blanche. 
Umfreville, J.C. Preventive Service. 
‘Yosper, W. Greeawich Hospital, 0.P. 
Wilkinson, 3. Preventive Service. 
MASTERS. 
Causdell, B. Undaanted. 
in, G. Te Cordelia, 
Quinlam, A.W. Nanton, 
Middlemist, W.C. Blanche. 
SURGEONS. 
Anderson, Sir J.B. Royal George Yacht, 
Eshelby, T. D. Beylla. 
Kennedy, J. Blanch 
Riordan, 3. Weasle. 
Robertson, T. Heel 
Sinclalr, A. Cordell 
Verling, B. Viet 
Wylie, Re Naatilas 
ABSISTANT-SUROEORS. 
Carmichael, J. ‘Nantitoa. 
Folds, J.C. Emmalos, 
Hammond, H. Victory. 
Kirk, J. Beylla. 
Newman, B,,M.D. Cordell 
Smith, C. Hospital, Malta, 
Punsrns. 
Barber, J. Scylla. 
Breaks, J. Slaney. 
Denails, J. Nasties, 
Pelican. 
Jones, J. Shannos. 
Simmonds, G. Cordelia. 
CHAPLAIN. 
Beebee, M. Bibylle, 


MARINES—=FIRST LIEUTENANTS. 





CHANGES IN THE STATIONS OF CORPS 
SINCE OUR LAST. 





4th Dragoon Guards. . from . York... . . . to . Edinburgh, 
Sth Dito... : . from . Canterbury . 5. to + Coventry, 
Mh Dito 1... . from. ich, +e + + to. Canterbury. 
3d Dragoons |. +. from + Sheffield » -  . . to . York 
9th Lancers =. |. + from < Nottingham . + - . to . Hounslow. 
Jot Huwars ss + from + Hounslow... Sto. 

14th Light Dragoons 5. fe ib... . 1. to. Brighton, 
15th Hussars Ls ae fom . Brighton... . . to. Notin,bam, 
1th Foot Depot 5. «from. Wexford... to. Cork. 
49th Ditto Ditto + 5. from - Chatham... . . to: Upson Castle, 
S5th Ditto. <1 L from 5 Cape of Good Hope" | to | Madras. 
56th Ditto . . . . . from . Birr ss + 2 e+ to. Limerick. 
‘57th Ditto + + + « from . New South Wales . . to . Madras, 
73d Ditto Ditto. . . . from . Spike Island . . ¢ . to: Plymouth, 
sth Ditto... + + from . Fermoy . - ~~~ to . Canterbury.® 
79th Ditto Ditto” : +: from . Bamley . . . s.4 to. Stirlin 
82d Ditto Dito . . . from . Chatham . .. . . to . Canterl 
84th Ditto pu + + + from . Cork + + to. Kinsale, 
90th Ditto Lol 2 from! Fort Cumberland: : tw . Gosport. 
°2t Bas. Ride Beigua de. from: Devoopet - . . . t * Ded 


‘* Under orders for the Cape of Good: Hae. 


642 
ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY. 7 









‘Piamations,, Gibraltar, 
Cape of Goad Hope, wih New South Wales ss ss 5 
East Indlue (foar rogiments Of Light Dragoons and seveuiwen 








MILITARY ACHIEVEMENTS AND OCCURRENCES, AND OLOGK 
The Port of ih Cfeken ty Sajr‘en, Dugald Camgbed | 
Watton dih, 24th, and 731 Regiments, and Naclve Corpe. 
‘scomapiracy wae dvcrvery of eat he wie Black 
eae several 





ANNALS OF THE BRITISH ARMY, 643 
The 


thelr officcrs® in the moat barbaroas waaay other Whites who fell into their bundy 
Governor, the Hen, Corhrane debtome ec ‘sh Colonel of tie reghment), ee oe 
embarked for Leper negra 5 the snatinecrs, 





ay te The Secietery-at-War brovght Dill nto Parliawet 0 eoable bie 
‘IF of the offers of certain Yeomanry and Voluntecr Corps 
finally settled between Great Britain, France, Spain, ‘Holland, ant all oar conquests, exeeptiog 


amy the ita Tas. 





lad and 7 Mult rest the. Kalghits Jersey ae 
‘Tho Luland of Marcou deliveret wp—I7~ Junior the Hogal Military Collage openod 
a Mastow, Wucks—29. The Corps of Marines, for thelr very merilorioun servlees during Ue waty 
frat wyled™ Toyal Marides,” by order of Uve Kling. 


acter of the Hritith soldier, the march froin the shores of the Med Sea, across the anid and burning 
‘of the Thebald nerve about tis dine atthe differen Presklenches, aah wee seqsived ith dhe 

twost distiogaiahed honours, ‘The Governor-General re 

Major.Gen, Baind,t) to be publicly thanked for thelr great and meritorious services, but was farther 

eis Soiree Wake skeet ates Native commissioagd awl now commie 

Mane acer, traspers, ‘wha wore einpluyed In Kergt. 4 

| December 24. Murky 5 or te Garin oe Gibraltar a = 






7 i dibralta, and Calon a the Ph Foot, 

pnt. Gin euethaerns Coal oy Sth Poke et eee 

July 12 eut-Cen, Willam Spry, Royal Engincers. tate 

pnts 18 Ora Bir Rober Sep. Ka Oovemor af Denman Yur ant Clot ote ai 

yazcons. ~~ . 
Gen, Kalward Maxwell Brown, Colonel of the 670 Poot. MajorGen. Sone ph Ryrey Bavalid Am 

Hillery. Major-Geo. Jobn Stewart Royal Artillery, ni -_- 












ve atte tae OO «yea 
_* Cap Cameroa, Lieut. MKay. and Easigh Wasineys. The walneers havi se tater 
‘ltr fotened Ket to a toe pce Si yon ut nnduted tain real me 
ter, roading that death which sould ave bewn « boon ae teeing i wafers, 1 


H 

‘omheers. who, preterninie we 

‘Genera Orters ue b3 H. We Mighoem ; an othe O bee the anb}oet 

ecmument, we ball hero, tn Juation 60 the Tukey reeunt the ‘of the late Gens Pawreett there- 
‘Observed the General, " in Gibraltar, or any other ylace, who makin the exact abit 
















‘Wan ov 1703. 


Commonant, tor Le Tartar, (Head Mi 
capes Dace foseag a Fe. Wa 


Surana, 

Ditiorncn, for Le Brutus (Head Money), 
apt. Wh Dec. WT Vay. OW’ Maret, 1H90— 
‘Agin Cooke sink Halford, at, Norfobk-treet, 


Stand. 

MasorcinNKe, FOr Le Hrwtsn, (Head Mouey), 
capt. 41h Doce ATOR. —Pry, 201i Morel bar — 
Ape. Cooke eet Hsin "4l, Nominate, 

Recuuus, for Le Hratus, (fend Money), expt- 
2704 Dee. 1707, —Pay. 3th Mare, 1830 AGI 
‘Cooke and Meliord, at, Norfobeatreety Straw, 


‘Cooke and Halford, 41, Norfotk-sreet, Strand, 

“Armocks for George sod Jamer, Seiaure, cap 
RRA PSO Key RAG. 

+ Munprait, 9 New Browdatrert 

‘Casixtio%, for Three Piratlest Vowels, expt, 
44th, Bh, wd 2tat Web. THAT; and Two Piratical 
Miaticon, (Bounty Movey)y expt Bath Juve, 1697, 
Pay. 25th Fed, 18a0—Agta. Te Stilwell and 
‘Sons, 22, Arundel.street, Strand, 

Towant, for Mequnt, (Head Money), cape. 10 





PRIZES ADJUDICATED I¥ THE WOH COURT OF ADMIRALTY, a“ 
TREASURER OF THE NAYYs DOWN 70 THE 20TH OF SEARCH 


Acasa, for Porenpine, expt. 17th June, THUS, 
—Cond. ath Nov. Imi9.—Pronounced to have 
‘been a Vessel of War, and 70 men om board 
for Navtaine, ent, Och Oot, 170%, 
‘Now. 1890.—Provoonced to have 
‘Deen a Vewel of War, aud 90 men on board, 
-Acriyis for Madonna d'ldra, capt April, 1807. 
Cond, 26th Nov, Lind —Procesds of Ship aod 
Hineax, for Wasp, apts 20th Jone, 1813— 
Cand. 4th Nov. 192%.—Proc. Vowel of War, and 
Bow, 
Cuntnw, for Parngoe, enpts 13th Aug, 1813.— 












GAZETTES. 


MILITARY PROMOTIONS, > 
how manen 26 70 arm 25, 
WAILOFPICE, Maxon 29. 





‘M'Benn, sith FY. hus been cancelled from Feb. 
95, 1836, inelwiive, opon bis vecelving m com. 
pack ne em 

Waggon Train, bas been cancelled from Mareb 
35, 1830, inelonive opm Me receiving # ceMNK 
fed allowance (or his communion, 





G45 
BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. 


prRres, 

Dec. 10th 180, At Maslras, the Tadly of his 
Bacelioncy Lieut Gen, Bi George Towmhond 
‘Walker, G.C.B. Governor of that Presidency, of 
A danghiter, 

‘March 25th, 1890. At Chatham, the Lady of 
Lisut.:Gol, Pailey, Raysl Engineers, of a x00. 

March 2514, At Plymonih, the Lady af Capt, 
Polklaghorne, Re Ne of» dongbere 
AE the io ants th Lady of Cope Cale 

ways 

‘March 27th" At Bandon, the Yad’ ot Leu 
Colonel St. John Angst 











AU Glasgow, the Lady of Eient. Dickson, 02th 
Memento & 900, ail born, 

March 20{h At ‘Thankerton Cottage, Lanark- 
alee, the Kaity of Capi, Calla Campbell, Re Ny 
‘of « Mangbier. 

March 20th, ‘The Lady of Loot. John Upton 
THEM Sti the Lady Capt Congo, ob 

¢ Lady 0, 00 
ulea of naps ee 

‘At Saltash, the Tady of Capt Sanders. He. 
of a sn, 

‘AL Mount iford, the Lady of Capt. Corti, 
RN. wt 9 sm: 

‘AL the Ele, Worcester, the Tady of Capt. 
‘Mating, BN. of & danaiier. 

[At Dartmoath, the Lady of Ieut, Thomas Btir- 
Hing, RN. oF danger. 

‘At Porte, the Karly of Gapte Mendy, Ke M. of 








meet Tow Lady of Live, Wiliam Clark, 
OF 90h 

‘At Wet Looe, the Yady of Capt. Sonity, HN. 
ore 10, 

Apel t6#h. At Mylor, the Lady of Capt. Sut- 


ean, LN, aa ducghter 
“Aortl (0m. At shawl near te 
Lady of Major Mitdicton, 424. Regiment Taya 
Mightanders, of 3 300. 
April Ob, At Casletowny Teerbaven, the 
La ¥ of Liesl. Allayn Evanson, RN. of 30. 
«1n Chigessineet. Lonon, the Lady of Lien 
‘Colonel Freematile, of «mony ait bora: 
"At Preston, the Lally of Capt. Ltbiteld, 
be ‘Neve Kithmnay, the Lady of Ce 
Ker 
HD, Corayne, Sr Mies aft 50m. 
‘apelt 31m. ‘The Lady of Lieut, Yoba Green, 
RIN. of a danghier: 
MARRIED, 
‘Oct-14, UO. AE Biduey, 
Clones Tnnes, Late of the Sn 
to Margaret, éaughter of Aleeander a 
aq, Colonia ‘Nese Bost Wales. 
Meareh 16k, RGB. At KAlnbargh, Lent, W. P 
Sty am + naclin 












‘March 29th. At Bel Cy 
ante ee eee 
Dtanhope, t Elisabeth Rosamond, eldest daogh- 
ter ot dates Wad ‘of Willey: place, Survey, 
and of Kequncy-aquare, Bi 

Marah 30th. At Bait, Lient-Gol, oat 
‘eldert son of the late Major-Ger, Joh Smith, to 
Peisilla Helleabeth Newport, witow of the 
Liewt-Col, G. 8. Newport, amt sister w Bir 
Mellinghaw Graham, Bart. 

March 30th. At Donnybrook Chureb, Major 
O'Kelly, of the Uith Megiment, to Jnlin, only 
danghter of Capt Foss, af Merrion. 

At Barnes, T, Crofion Croker, Raq. of the Ad~ 
mirelty, te Marisnne, only daughter of Francie 
sere 

Le Liweriek, Liew Alfred Trevelyan, aod 
egiment, son of Bir John Trevelyan, Bart oF 
Wailington, i Northawberland, 10 Margaret 
‘Matilda, cltext daughter of Jobo Boyse, Eaq. of 
Limeriek. 

April td. At Bootertown ene 
Manwell, Be A, pon of View Adiaieal Joseph Man- 

Sophie Me ay ‘Manger of the 
‘Baaq. Sover of Arinngh. 

‘Dire, Bavign Willian Wybrow, 
to Dora Amelia, youngest dangh- 
fer of the late Culowel Barongh, 20 Regiment, 
and niece to Sir Richard Borough, Bart. 

April ith. At Huttevant, Knsign Jolin Vranciy 
Bowehctte, Gib Regiment, to Mary Pranelty only 
ppc ae 

April 1b, 1a Edinvargh, Cap Monilaws, 
RN. to Mise Nivinon, sughior of the Inte 
Sts a 
ny’s Berview, io Kmily Ann, danghter of 
*. Andrews, of Soho Synare, London. 

Chveby 

























‘ee ih tin. Montel, Upper Cota, 

‘ath, 1820. -AL Montreal 

sae Gelert Pigg Nepal Raglan 
CAPraLss, 

Nag. Oh. ACDInapore, | 


Lnvott, Hi, 
pe Ae Trrwrewnn, 


abo Wy De I 


he ers. 
‘Rept. ana 1100. “anit Cinema Cat 


A at Be Dien, dep 


DEATHS. 


ef Valenciennes, iu tho action at tho investment 
‘oF Dunkirk, on Hi eFery alfnie whet he Bae 





tallon was ‘employed duriug that eyonttul eam 
‘pain, ‘Tn 1304, he reecived the rank of Major 
‘General ; In 179, the wax placed on the tait OF 





‘was placid ow the Stull ia the eéuiman of the 
Northern Dibtelct, whencr he wax removed, tn 
0d, to the Beal of Gibewllar. The 7th of An 


seated the information necvimry to appreciate the 
value of dhe ensures Pron dhe terms tn whieh 


Sir Hew to this com: 
‘amet were eouced, (here seenued ronson 10 A0M- 
clude that it was Io If mature and a 


laces by the file and contradictory. arrange- 
‘menix of the expatition of 1600 to 








He wok the common of an army'whieh he od 
never before wom, landed In a country with 
‘which he wes smactyiniated awl wor 


‘on a syste of operations om which he had never 
‘cowabved, The delicacy of his stmatiou wor 
dered by ume’ te trad pity sppre 
Date, whem he stated -rosponmalty, 
‘ye yortod In Tim, ad all the directo ly others 
Ono General eaminoneed the expeditio’, unodier 
‘conctwed fy a0 tid rected the 
‘hat were Wo Hwy veh Me 


‘elative 8 the Anm)atice abd Conventions to or. 
tngal, the fellowing questions were pat t exch 
Member af the Boxe. # Da yom oF do you not 
-xpprove of te Arraatice, ax eouchude ou the 220 
‘of Angi, E8Q8, in the elitive situations oF Che 





rovemLieute-Geny Lieat-Gea, Sir G, 
Kroger, ar of Lord Heath, 
Gen, Craig, Gem, Sie David Dundas * Do you 

do of the Courention, a» cou 


yan at oF aust 1808, he ea 
st in 
tie nation he to amen approve 





g 


: 
i ie 
i 2 
Fosk 
feet 
aie 


‘chavlowe 
Tie wenn ot Cun Sn 
Nii of he Moat Nyy and A 

to Liemt.Col. lalward. Panahawe, of the 


I 
HH 


f 
i 
Lh 


= 


? 
F 


7 

Hf 
He 
pal 


| 
# 


oH 
H ase 
ris 
Hil 


of de 84d Reglinente A 

2h. "Str. P,P. Huntley, late Martor of 
He 8, +e 
" 


‘Wellesley. 
pers Kn cy a | tig at spp 
‘ed & Gentloman Cadet in the Hoysl Aritiery, Cho 





NEW ZRALAND, IN 1829. 


PROM THE JOUNNAL OF AN OFFIEKR OF THY BRIG MAWES, DrScRTBING 
THE CAVTURE Of THAT VESSEL BY THE NATIVES, AND THR CRUELTIES 
FXERCISED TOWARDS HER CREW =WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE COUNTRY. 


Ow the 17th Noy. 1828, I suiled from Syduey us second officer in 
the Brig Hawes of 130 tons, and fourteen yen, commanded by 
Jobn James, having also a pe ‘af twolve sealers, whom we were 
inatstated to Ip efther tel the AGtSGEY cx phe! Boney Keli 
Having landed ten on the fee and two on the latter islands, we 
ade nil for New Zealand on a trading vonage. ‘We asved at the 
Dan of lands December an after ier an watering, alle 
for the East Capo, distant abont five hundred mili ‘On our arrival, 
a great number of the natives came off in large roroblp and through 
the medium of our interpreter, an En; mm, taken on board at 


the Bay of Islands, we unsuccessfully voured to induce them to 
barter. be earns iypey are for the possession of any 
thing European, we regarded their disinclination to trade as an extra~ 


ordinary circumstance ; but the mystery was soon unraveled, by our 
interpreter informing us that they were singing their war-song, and 
preparing for an immediate attack on the vessel. 

‘¢ instantly flew to arms, removed the caps and aprons from our 
cannon, and determined on a vigorous resistance ; but the savages, whose 
success depends on eueprising their victims, fled with the greatest pre- 
cipitation as soon. as they perceived we wore aware of their intentions: 
Disappointed at this place in the object of our vera | we wei Dupe Peay, ane 

=a | ba along the coast, until me Pe A 
where the natives are vi numerous ane A e, avi a a 
pensity for theft, and oe baa treacherous disposition. a Onr a4 
Lota she few of the ape aie to come on boned, text ng 
with much attention, ion to 
ais peu suceeded ver wll, fr in ths 





them to trade with us. in the 
course of two days as much flax was obtuined as ei 

‘The utmost vigilance was observed daring thls per Vas the natfrey! 
made several attempts to seiae the ship, b yes our continued watchful 
ness, and the timely notice given by our int , frustrated their 
intentions. We ee to the mre Mae x to re-stow our hold, 


and make room Beiornia el required for our provisions, 
a reper the ak, sal ince called at the 
head of the Bay of Plenty, several miles from our recent 


ground, and under the reo omaee ofa chiet, who, we were in! 

was of a more friendly disposition. Towronga is a very good hata 
for small ships, with three fathoms at low water. The country is hilly, 
and much diversified with woods, not of any rece extent, but soni 


merous and so delightfall d, ws uppearance of a 
ven ar Talent kno, "Tha aly ke th utanee are 
with ver hey and through every valley rans a beantiful” 


Fealiss sometimes pee in aaa silence, and at Shes rush 
vu GJoces: No. 18, Fuse, 1830. aw 


| 


652 NEW ZEALAND, IN 1829, 


the boat, I roquosted lprbeeichreig ree 
He felt no inclination either to walk such a journey, or 
with the natives he might meet on the road; and for the same 
‘the man with me Se ued oe refused be est fhe hazard 
ous task. etre anes et a 

a to conduct mo, “t 
oes nd the country very “a ‘intersected: 
rivers, et itly increased vl aa eae of our Way, 48 W 
quently compelled to traverse their banks for several miles 
were date. ‘On the sides of these strenms, flax 





moe! 
al iter-mel ‘npn ond Tet with w fr orange 
tes il have best i go HU eictese, 


terre and the Cowry, whic grow to ime git 
iehoat a see and are of sueh recy per 3 to be ihe 
of large ships. The Kaikaterre is found in ee 
banks of rivers; it appears to be an pl cep 2h an 
The ba » which is br restate bo Good ono high beer , 
a tountifl follage, and ylebls abundance of real: 
road lay along the sand, which I found extreme) ie to walk on; smd 
after a fatiguing journey of two ane id 
the natives on our way, we at len, reuched te pais Bae 
my conductor 2 couple of female ha is’ Eas 
with which he seemed much satisfied. On pots i ete 
that provisions were to be ubtalned at the place f had 
mediitely weighed anchor, and ore away for Walkeotanna, See 
oa the next SOS oe seecsing j Apt inhabitants, whe 
off in large canoes, with a plentiful supply of hogs, whieh: 
of them, without Irnging tie ship to phate The: 
Seren beers, and welcomed prise Fie: on 0 
same feeling seeming to actuate his peaple, who, in abedie ir 
ders of thor chief, Rept ata shelete ‘the vessel, whi 
not allow them to bourd. After stowing our decks with, 
thickly as was convenient, and the wind freshening at the 
we bore away again for Towronga Harbour, where we killed a 
our pigs, but not finding our quantity complete, we sailed 
kectanna, where we arrived on Sunday, March 1st, 183 
ther being very fine, we anchored between the Island of 
the main; und we had not ison cht “p ten minutes b 3 
came off in great numbers , from whom we obtained 1 
ore hay which were all 8 eee 
fonday, March 2d, about six a.st. the boat waa 
Pits the chivt officer, and eight pote including the it 
Bs prs of Killa and loin the pen wi with all exped ei 
oiling spring on the beach, a short distance from the 
one vt, we hniled them to come on board to dinner, but 
mi the Captain left me in charge of the vessel with three 
Jing the treacherous intentions of the natives. At 
i ture, Enuraro was.oa hoard, with about ten or 
alongside, J noticed them several times in earnest com 
the “ Kibbookee,” or ship, and suspecting some treachery, 



















NEW ZEALAND, IN 1829, 653 


the steward, who was an Otaheitan, to hand up the entlasses, keeping 
Perse on the preg ienerres rae his pe eda 

“4 1005" OF UP ment men at this on 
Haoeain nina menchatinns wisceticxilibonneamegetie 
their canoes, At this critical juncture we had no pistols on deck, and 
Tyus well aware if but one of us went below for ine 
evitably tuke advantage of his absonce by commenci 





unlashing the muskets, he fired at one of our men, who was playing 
with his cutlass, at three paces from him, and shot him through 
head ; then with his‘ mearee,” short stone club with a sharp edge, 
he split his skull. At this signal the whole number jumped on board, 
aud in a moment the two poor fellows remaining were Inid low 5, they 
then fired a volley at me, at first withont effeot, but while Twas in the 
act of priming a musket, the chief, Knararo, sont a bullet through my 
neh arm, above the elbow, which shivered the bone. On seeing me 
fall, they immediately, with the most hideous kowlings, commenced 
their war-dance. They then began the plunder of the ship, and 
although I was lying in the fore-top in extreme ogony, I could 
piety: perceive that in the height of their depredations, they paid but 
little attention to the anthority of their chiofa, retaining, their ‘i- 
tions with such tenacity, that several, on refusing to relinquish them, 


Es 


were speared and died on the spot. The; 
Biel hecances ingebe ditee cualonereige anes eee 
to fetch me, but being unable to do it himself, he called. for assistance, 


when I was down, and placed ina canoe. The sun 
set, and the day closing fast, they rowed towards the harbour with 
ible expedition, as its entrance by night ix extremely = 
wever, we gained it without accident, although our bibs» led us 
through a tremendous surf. Some of the canoos more heavily laden, 
and containing the greater part of the arns and ammunition, were 
Peep reser saving their lives with much difficulty, with the 
Joxs of their canoes and booty. 
‘Oonaidering the oeeibie clrommmences in sebil Ligeea plane Apacs 
vant of the fate of the captain and boat's crew, who T were 
also cut off, belioving mysclf the only survivor of our ill-fated number, 
in the bands of omnnitnls, who It dosbtad: not were reserving su for 
‘more cruel tortures, and at last to be made the victim of 


for, notwi my extreme i body and mind, E 
their sonic eh Caslatien, ool ing a act of retributive 
justice. On arriving at the sel women 


654 NEW ZEALAND, IN 1629, 


singing and dancing, and, with every demonsteation of extravagant 
joj” welcomed the return Of thelr Herele lords; wha ba thas eseimation 
Tod ankieval aizoost valiant. deed. , Atta landing the plead, hey 
conveyed me to a place where had kindled several | 

around which they collected ; the ‘af the flames 
encreased effect, the horror of their distorted countenances. I observed 
them in eager consultation, and knew sufficient of Srl tobe 
fully aware that I was ad of their Druin ‘considered 
my fate inevitable, but alt many vi for my 
snicifeg, Alnighty, God bad merafallyordecid otterWiactaaial le 
debted for my preservation at that moment to the chief, whe had been 
my conductor to the ship, who earnestly interceded for me, amd at 
Tength succeeded in obtaining my respite, making a that if 
‘was not ransomed by a certain period he would ‘Icill me, at the 
same time remarking that a musket would be of much more impor= 
tance to them than the taking of my life, in which they at length 


juiesced. - 
“Tie ‘then took me to his hut at the Pab, where on ruminating on the 
‘occurrences of this eventful day, I offered my grateful thankegivings 
to the ees my miraculous preservation, imploring his protec- 
tion and merciful deliverance. . 

For the first two nights I could not even close my eyes; the terrors 
tres taaly greclatigtbu pont of sloop aad a 
arm totally ps ing the possibility of sleep, and my 50 

‘ook refuge in 
i any assistance to 
alleviate my pain. Tat length found « piece of pump-lenther which I 
ra my abr i afer te manne opin est 
i wtockit a » the chis ind it around the wound. 
Ths T was chliged frequently to remove, when I went 
Sessile fowid' ballet snd pated coo let ough Es Seale 
was able. Tfound a com] 
wus axsured some slags remained in the gam a7 oe 
ble for me to remove. On the second morning of my captivity 
taken to that side of the Pah which faces the harbour, and my 
tion was directed toa schooner sailing into the bay. On 
the wreck of our unfortunate vessel, which by this time was 





f 









ie vessels, from whence 
could expect the chance of a ransom. I now endeavoured to 
myself to the fate which seemed inevitably to await 
natural love of life, and a reflection on pie 0 
luced a gleam of hope that I should still escape. On the 
after my capture an incident occurred not in any way 
Sicrinish the distrans' ef thy. bacrowed tel, MCACNOnEa 
the bead of one of my unfortunate shipmates. Tt was the’ 
stoward's, which they had preserved by a method peculiar to them= 


| 


NUW ZEALAND, IN 1829. 685 


selves, and cluborately tattooed. Many such are in their possession, 
us they form an article of their trade; and I shuddered at the reflection 
that my own would probably ere long be added to their number. 

On the fourth morning T'was greatly alarmed by seeing all the nn 
tives of the settlement flock around me; and anxiously enquired the 
reason. ‘They told me the people of Towronga, a neighbouring tribe, 
srere/conslng. covetéacks thie thtadniberrhan @xtenctigaevel Sme 
and the report evidently produced great consternation among them, © 

Shortly after, Enararo made his appearance with the captuin's sex- 
tant, which he gave me, desiring me to look at the sun, and inform 
him’ truly if the Towronga people would come down on them. To 
refuse would have been fatal, and equally so an untrue prophecy y but 
judging from the well-ascertained disposition of the mutives of this 
island, that the report of the plunder of our vessel would awaken the 
cupidity of some neighbouring tribe, I obeyed his command, and, after 

ing an observation, denied a book, which I appeared to consult. 1 
told him the Towronga people would come de a him with hostile 
intentions, He enquired “ When?” With m ee scarcely 
knowing what I said, I replied, “ To-morrow." seemed much sa 
tisfied with me, and prepared for a vigorous defence. They built a 
clay bank, about four feet high, on the side of the river at the foot of 
their Pub, where they mounted our carronades and awivels, and in 
conscious security awaited with impatience the dawn of the following 
day, At day-break I heard n generul discharge of musketry, and in'n 
few minutes Enararo came ae to my hut, jaforming ine of 
attack of the Towronga people, as I had predicted ; and having now a 
high opinion of my gift in prophecy, he implored me to tell him if the 
defence of hi sealment would be succfil Ttldi * Yon 
which greatly animat \¢ spirits of hime! am 
twhom. £29; laa prbdietSo orcad atePuvlaleys a apr tala eatiaeelee 
enemy were on the opposite side of the river, and had commenced a 
brisk fire, which wax well returned by the axsniled. A native con- 
ducted me to the back of the settlement, where they imagined 1 
should be out of danger, my preservation a] ing now an ol 


nn separatod from the body and the whole of the 


656 NEW ZEALAND, IN 1829. 


owith turf. The heat is very utoderate,. 
‘seamed tl the late, whch q 
tracted; after which es ir 
some of these heads, the featuros, aya 

















Uae fini, erkich sometimes ac . 

lure They are divided into two ‘lasses, vin. ** 
we, Py mle ; 
“ Cookées”” or slaves, who are nearly: 
a difforont race $e gots? 

‘The features of o Now moet > hele they are i 
pleasing, and many remarkably en al) 
arrives at eats twenty, re must neice the paint 
* be considered unmanly, 


in the following 
the head ofthe subject into his 
his tribe are first warked out 
A small chisel, adast ceo tone ate sobs is used to cut 
through the skin just entering the flesh, when w 
al is neers fee the incisions. The ee ; 
juced by this operation is so great, that al z 
we Jone at a time, so that it is many mouths 
pletely tattooed. The same operation is performed on ao 
ina much less degree. ‘The mon's clothing consists of a 1 
a fine silky flax ‘ourieualy woven by the women, which i thro 
thelr shoulders; and a similar sont ie fastened rotind their 
a girdle. They have also another mat, worn ree bad tH 
cumpletely covers them, Before going to war they 
srich ofl and red ochre: cling thelr hair, which they form inte a ‘bar 
at the top of their hends, decorated with the feathers of the al 
‘The ears of both sexes are pieroed in their infancy ; the perfa 
gradually increased in size te the ae eo d 
ed more ornamental us jt becomes le 
the tooth of a searce fish, whieh aeoawee 
Shaken Crotch ale nepsevany any account a 
round the neck a jue image in 
sent ine very ian pai 
rations. ales is: ie the sume as 


are 
bear with extraordinary m ronan o 
and affectionate wives, and regard their children wi the 


NBW ZEALAND, IN LR29.0 | Ost 


ror among ther, that of dest: 
preempt shied cour af of hei 


cy Tas iri es ys oping af dasa 

is i er on = still 
eee ean this revolting cunt with bso 
abhorrence. Plurality of wives among the chiefs is uni 

there ix a decided distinetion between the head wife and the others, 
‘The union withthe head wife isa union af poli, bing the di war of 
a chief; the offspring of this uniow e precedence e 

of the other wives, whose situation to the head wife is nearly thut of 
domestics. At the death of w chief it is frequently the custom for the 
ead wife to hang herself, which ix an act of the most sacred 


character, 

‘Nuthin particularly interesting occurred to myself Se the uh of 
March, when to my inexpremible joy T was informed of cams 
but before detailing the eircumstauces whi aareoieen my lil ‘liberation, 
I must return to the Captain and boat's crew, 
time the ship was enptured. 

On reaching the shore, the fixst object the Caines observed, 
SiandiVaelinatogeaweyeer sion areas cia peopl anh tate 
the crew he was informed that the natives Dale off with’ all the 
hatehets and knives. 

He gave orders to launch the boat immediately, when they discovor- 
ed thut the ours had also been stolen, and a ore was seen on the top 
of a high rock with them in his possession. Cus pesple pursued him 
with speed and determination, which so lsh op bene that be threw ~ 

we oars and made off. On their retarn to the boat the natives 
kept up a brisk fire on them frum behind 
effect. After they had left the shore, the catastrophe on bourd the brig 
was soon discovered, but secing hur in the poxsession of the armed nax 
tives, and themselves without weapons, it 


t ss pe bs a 
re-capture 5 aan therefure stood out to sea, eee 
and after rowing hard all that day and tthe. iy i er they fortus 














nately fell in with the schooner New Zealander, ke, from 

Sydney. Our ar ‘were received on board, and on the fate 
the brigs i 

in the manner 





with the ay appalling Pra of fragments oF human 
about the decks, with the remains of a fire, from which they concluded 
their shipmates had been all massacred and devoured by the canni~ 
bals, ‘They sailed for Towronga, where they were pee eet 
waralive, and detained a prisoner at Walkectanna. The 
pane with eee si Meh Fansom, 
lly ofeceed oa jan L ce 
stout with thn i ear am vir raat 
at my ecsitare ave 
shel bat ons ows ait re oad hare now more 
eens pros Yoana ee peg wee ae oy 
tay anil Faroe eolereenet en heavy dews.1 
fall pas evening it was Splat to rest upon them, 
My conductors procured ime intervals of repose, by muking holes in 
















Solution. of the Indian merel; Dasive, i taken quite a9 
sais offeotive cafe meget Georgie they exp 
4s posal ing that vietory. 
cine with the least blood and fees meh Sa 
atest pride is to surprise and destroy: but : 
per of fighting. when the only path to 
snonly pees oe +, they behave ne 1 
to 


them wil 
Sroritent dethe iced Beate that 
‘was mude a asajor-general by 


at all intimidated, first placed the Father in safety 
wont to wait for the enemy in a field, in which there ° 
Sepa haere Solon ie cone aces rhole day 
vis lost not a man, it ir enemies to Hight i | 
favered the Geld. with dend bodies pa ow 


But ue —— of chivalric valour snust yield 
am about to relate, The Chiekasaws bad in é 
Quapaws, but instead of standing their 
sequence, as they alleged, pees ere caters ‘The 
standing the eccasion, were determined to obviate the ex 








supplying teens with ma ates 
hia men to empty their powder 
Cater ies ie dinkied the wil wnt nanan 
half to the Chickasaws, They then proceeded to the coi 
terminated in the killing of ten Chiskaaawa, and] 
Peimnerss with with tho death of a single Quapaw. 
de Lion. 


This wild spirit of chivalry has sometimes 
actions which deserve ridicule, There was among 
years ago, un association of the most setive and brave 
were bound to each other by attachment, secured by a 
pea ire an ala itn that sage erent 

they went forery 
oes Tohted/arose we aking theltcastaral eelpa 


NORTH AMBRIGAN INDIANS. O61 


This punctilious determination not to be turned from their course, wpon 
one oceasion, beeame ridiculous. The tribe were crossing the Missouri 
on the ice ; @ hole lay immediatel . ai Stes dane might easily 
have been avuided by going is the foremost of the band dis- 
duined to do, but went straight-forward, und was lost; the others 
would have followed his example, but were foreibl) ited jester 
rest of the tribe. aCe ve a battle with the Rite Indians of the 
Black Mountains, ie i 








cma aneidaal courage and daring wre Ape as common, and 
are equally well attested as those T am about to rel 
Piskaret, a young warrior of the Andirondacks, cc dock hater 
try of the Five Nations, or [roquois, about the time the snow began to 
melt. He took the precaution to put the hinder of his snow-shoes: 
forward, that if any should light upou his Ds. might 
think he was gone the contrary way, For farther security, he went 
Pe Seine habs grounds, where the snow was melted, that 
his track might be often Jost. When ‘he came near one of the villages 
of the enemy, he hid himself Sill aight; and then, while every body wus 
fast asleep, he entered a cabin, ed’ the whole famil ly. and carried 
their scalps to his lurking place, The next day the people of the vile 
lage searched for the murderer in The: followin = 
dered all he found in another cabin. ‘The rede me 
likewise in vain for the murderer, but the third'night @ wat vas kept 
in every house, see: in the night, bundled up the —— he had 
wken the two former nights, to carry home os a proof of his victory; 
and then stole privately house to house, til at last he found: an 
Indian, who was watching in one of the houses, and uodding at hiv 
fers ‘This man he knocked on the head, but a9 this alarmed the Ae 
1 was forced immediately to fly. He was, however, under no 
concern from * ey tes being more awit of foot than any Thiam 
then livin, marsuers come near him from cine ‘to time, 
and then waa —_ them ; this be did with design to tire 
them out. As it bogan to grow dark, he hid hisnself, and bis 
stopped to rest; it not being rh Sarah de el of any danger from 
man, soon fell asleep, und the bold ee ‘hie, 
en them all on the head, and carried away their scalps with 
the rest. 
An fi sentctete or Crow, wir Lp te were hovering ges ae 
‘ineipal the Rickarees, wait ity eerie 
Siew screen 2064 ‘a boy entirely alone, and Pac tka fom 
cour; a ‘about the same age and fey poradttcah ed 
to aoe the ‘eeaipetion boy singly; tl rasan wis wus bec, and 


1 ilicring atcetaus alert tis coolness with» errs they face 
danger. fehl tear tb pt a 


Ott ‘They hud run the gauntlet as-uaua, and were 
sey te a hecenateamape iene oteegtaniand ey a 


rocently killed by the we rashed into the et toh 
pote arigeees Hepa Ton iabctache the einctne 
the spot. She stood i rad 


| 








after quarrelled with a trader near the mouth of the 
Jenged him immediately to single combat with am 
il manner or 


choose, either "nna to thi of the or to the txual 
Indian mode of either combatant ted eee of "ewe fe 
Wurth while to see the contempt they-woild evince fora 


pt they: ; 
at the Fives-Court,) ding it (as it really is) 
relrlpete lal sas A Wiener thet,» srt 
bot! takes pls 


on a war excursion. On his return, being informed of the 
offered his wife, he sought the offender, him down 
war club, and beat him with great and merited severity. 
was summoned by his friends, und seeing the bruised condi 
rolative, yowed revenge. He provided a large 
and throwing his bison robe over bis arm, by way of 
out, and passed twice ee the village, uttering 
loud voice, a chall to Hashea to come forth, and dec 
by oan teh ate knife. Hashea feared no man, 
have | epi himself before bis old enemy, but way 
some friends who were with him in the 3 these, 
trived to elude, and swiftly sought the Brave. 










fight. sos saipietrnlinjer ed = e: he was a 
person was effectually protected by his robe, which” 
tomer obiee sdvereary'ei low the 


nife, whilst at every b 
Brave was slienthed i the body of Hashea,” ‘Th 


NORTH AMMRICAN INDIANS. 663 


patched, butas he staggered buckwards under the gasp of death, ho 
aimed a final blow at his antagonist, and had the gratification to see his 
blade enter his neck, and far downward, at which he uttered a 
shout of exultation and died, ‘The Brave's wound was mortal, and he 
died before the nce of the friends of his fallen for had been ex~ 
ercised upon him. It may be remarked, in passing, that this encounter 
seems to have been the original of that between Mahtoree and his foo 
Hard Heart, in Mr. ‘a beautiful novel of the Prairie. It may 
casily be recognised amidst all the umplifications and embellishmenta of 
that talented author, : 
When they proceed in bodies, nothing can exceed the valour dis- 
layed in the onset ; their attacks in such cues are Frage just: 
daybreak, when they think men sleep soundest. “Throughout 
the whole of an esa night mat will Hetet on their faces with- 
out stirring, anc ¢ their approaches in the same i 
on their hands and feet tll. they are within bowcahot of tho they have 
destined to. destruction. On a signal given by the chief warrior, to 
which the whole body makes answer by the most hideous yell, thay all 
start up, and discharging their arrows in the same instant, without 
giving their adversaries time to recover from the confusion into which 
they are thrown, pour in upon them with their war-clubs or toma~ 


hawks. 

When they succeed in their silent ‘s, und are uble to force 
camp, a scene of liorror that baffles description ensues. The snvi 
fierceness of the conquerors, and the desperation of the conquered, who 
well know what they have to expect, they fall alive into the 
hands of the ussailants, occusion the most extraordinary exertions on 
both sides. The figure of the Indian combatants, all besmeared with 
black and red paint, and covered with the blood of the slain, their hor- 
rid yells and ungovernable fury, are not to be conceived by those who 
have never seen thelr warfure. The scenes which ensued upon the de~ 
feat of Braddock, and the destruction of the American army at’ 
the River Raisin, were horrid beyond description, but they yield the 
dreadful pre-eminence to that which occurred at the massacre at Fort 
William Henry, in 1757. 1 have thought that a short account of it 
may not be uusinteresting, 


_“ Gen. Webb, who commanded the English — in North America, 
which was then encamped at Fort Edward, having received intelli- 
gence that the French troops, under the Marquis de Montealm, were 
making some movements towards Fort William Henry, detached a 
corps of about fifteen hundred men, consisting of ‘English ond Provine 
ials, to strengthen the garrison. ‘The apprehensions of the English 
General were not without foundation, for on the day after the arrival 
of this detachment at the place of their destination, they saw Lake 
Lake Sacrament, to which it was contiguous,) 





the acd 
with eleven thousand Regulars and Canadians, and two thousand In- 
diins. Colonel Munro, a brave officer, who commanded in the fore, 
had no more than two thousand three tandred men with bim, includ. 
ing the detachment sent from Fort Edward. With these he made a 





NORTH AMBRICAN INDIANS, 665 


some held their weapons over my head, the others distobed me of 
amy waistcoat, hat, oh Tackle taste not to ‘take, from a0 what 
money F had in my pocket. piste ais Rear ls a pas- 


Sueno English dog, inl Girne ovwidn idence Eat ape 
the uidat of the Indis 

“ T now endeavoured to join a body of our troops that were crowded 
together at some distance ; but innumerable were the blows that were 
made at me with the different x IT passed on ; luckily, however, 
the savnges were 50 close ti that they could not strike at me 
without endangering each other ; notwithstanding which one of them 
Found means to make a thrust at ine with a spear, which graned snp 
side, and from another I received n wound with the same kind of wea 
poninmy ankle. At length I gained the spot where m Sepa 
‘stood, and forced myself into the midst of them ; efit et 
far ont of the of the Indians, the 
shirt were all that remained of it, is my fat was scratched and torn 
in inany ere by their sm 

By this time the war-whoop waa pion, and! thy Tadlans began to 

pap those that were nearest to them without distinction. not 
in the power of words to give any tolerable idea of the horrid. scene 
that now ensued; men, women, and children were ched in the 
most wanton and cruel manner, and immediate Ae At was. said 
that the Indians were seen dri drinking the blood of ir victiows wy it 
flowed warm from the fatal wound. 

“We now ived, though too late to avail us, that wo were to 
oxpect no Tolidf from thio Frotch j anil that. coatiary'85 sha agreement 
they had so lately signed to allow us « sufficient force to protect us 
from these dreadful injuries, they tacitly permitted them; for T could 

inly Haste 5 the irs officers wi ‘bout at some distance 

liscoursing Seek with puraries unconcern. For the honour 
human nature Id hope that this flagrant breach of every 
Jaw, proceeded rather from tho savage disposition of tho Indians, which 
it is sometimes difficult to control, and which might now unexpect- 
edly have arrived to a pitch not ensily to be restrained, than to un 
premeditated design ia the French commander, An siudiced 
observer would, er be ape ‘to conclude, that a body of ten thou- 
sand Christian t thelr power to t the massacre 
from becoming so slg But whatever was the cause from which 
it arose, the consequences of it wore dreadful, and not to bo ent 
in modern history, 

“As the in which I stood enclosed was by 
thinned, and death seemed to be ay Sue ke 
ae ute to make one roy 
eadeavour to foree our beg lies the savages, 


cwas resolved on, and about twent sh orserengay sna tik 
a id of he, Ino moment melee dj and what was 
fate of my companions I could not learn ti ee ad 
thon T fond that cal sk aero f to eft 
tent only on my own situation, 1 aaah a ok 
U.S, Jouns. No, 19, Juxx, 1830, 


hcl 


WARFARE OF THE 


ast, on receiving a promise 
should ste burn to bar 


of the thi 


the woman every necessary particular relative, 
the means by which she had nequired a knowl 
od te x ith Sr of secrecy, eats a 
wi i 
iE Mhat atelbgesce ceceourateesl the Jatin 


id he ian 





siderin, 
‘udviaed him 20 pay no attention to » ‘This opinion a 
had no with him. He thought it prudent to: 








NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 


669 
true, till he was convinced it waa not 60; and, therefore, without 
revealing his suspicions to any other person, he took every needfial pre« 
caution that the time would adit of, He walked round the fort 
during the whole night, and saw himself that every sentinel was on 
duty, und every sage. of defence in proper order. 

“Ax he traversed the ramy whieh lay nearest to the Indian 
pe he aa ee i bea th Hate imagined that their 
plot was wvered, and were ¢ pleasing anticipa- 
ton of seca A sot the morning dawned, be ordered all the 

under arms, imparti is apprehensions to a 
the principal officers, gave them srobinghentlags iv fig thought neces 
sury. At the same time, he sent round to all the traders to inform 
them, that as it was expected a great number of the Indians would 
enter the town that diy, who it be inclined to plunder, he desired 
they would have their army ly, that they might be prepared to. 
every attempt of the kind. 

‘About ten oclock Pontiac and his chiefs entered the town, and 

were immediately conducted to the council-chamber, where the Go- 
nol officers, with plete i Hota a renee id 
ey could not help , C 
the parade 








which, according to the woman's information, was to be the signal for 
his chiefs to fire; the Governor and all dade a pee drew their 
swords half-way out of their seabbards, and the iers at the same 
instunt made a clattering before the doors, which had Ee 
loft open. Pontine, though one of the boldest of men, turn Ae 
not from fear probably, but ‘ise, and instead of giving the belt in 
size fd tay eens pied eo 
chiefs, who had impatit the sij at er 
with sstonishments but entiaued quiet, waiting the The 
Governor now commenced a speech in reply to that of Pontiac, but 


sions of friendship he had just uttered, he him of the deep 
treachery he was preporing to put in practice. He told bim that the 
English, who knew every thing, were conyinced of his 


the shortened firelock, ‘Ihis discovery completely frustrated their de~ 
sign. They afterwards, ich, notwith- 
standing a most gallant defence, was only saved total destruction 
‘by the timely arrival of the Gladwyn schooner, with o reinforcement 
und the necessary supplies.” 





670 


COLLOQUINS WITH FOLARD, 


NO. 1. - 
Hintus valde deftondus? 

wee 8 9 © © 9, * But these things, 

after all, concern only ourselves, and the pronoun of the first person, 


whether singular or plural, is is but an otoa pated part of speech = 
© Non ragioniam di lor, ma guarda ¢ passa? 

Prooeed we, Chevalier, to higher mattors. In our Iast colloquy, 
proposed, for the next “subject of discussion, the natfonal Sart 
of the various 5 Who served, during the firat half of the 
Century, in the Ttallan schoo! of warfare, as well ns the peculiarities oF 
the tactical system which was formed ‘and illustrated In thelr exm= 

i In redeeming your pledge, the Swiss, the Geeman, the 

oH, the Sraxssn, and the Itarsan levies, will each in their 

‘turn naturally pass under your review.” 

* The order in which you have ranged them is ae 
for our purpose, and marks the succession in 
rose to a greater or less eminence on their pelt of 
action, And fist, of the Swrrzers; who, ‘in their pride of 
frosh aud fieree from their recent victories over the 

ns-d'armerie of that madman Charles the Bold, figu beth 2 
ge regular Eu infantry on the Italian stage. Th 
nerve of the first invadin, Ey, in the long contest wl Sasa 
with the passage of the Alps hy our Charles VII, ; and at 
their native prowess Sitned by the proud experience of, rity, 
—they held no enterprise ti! their achievement, and no enemy 

une of resisting them. Of this gallant but too eafeaumyonn 

Gidedos, there'are shandaat exumples in the arty anese campaigns 
ie more than one on which, for their contemptuous 
fee Se, valour, they freely paid the penalty their own 


ee ‘The mountaineers, Chevalier, seem eae to rank ice oes 
ee as highly as the deserts of their sturdy 
trable array ‘Biol fa fairly challenge.” 
“ Pardon me, not 0: share your utinost sn he ty 





infused as an vdivideal ‘and personal spirit sent Ne cna 


is, I think, easy to discern, from the records of every 
thore were inseparably blended with tho martial virtues of frag 
taineers in that age, some characteristios which were totally 
tible with the operations of disciplined warfare. Unlike the 
Rome in the best days of the Sopot they carried the 
spirit of the democracy ee the camp: Se never be sald | 
the authority of the general under whom they 
even the native captains of mses own bands were Tene eh 
mand or anthority to resist the caprice of their insubordination, The 


=! 


COLLOQUIRS WITH FOLARD. 671 


only extant law of their military code,—which ia preserved to us by 
the report of Macchiavelli, and enhances our esteem of their unflinch- 
ing fortitude,—was founded rather on the principle of a Sportan valour 
than a Roman obedience. The inflexible rule of their national ser- 
vice inflicted the punishment of that death which was far less 
than its ignominy, on the pikeman who, by sepping aside to avoid the 
range of artillery, should make an opening in the ranks, and disorder 
or endanger the close array of the phalanx: yet no law coerced a re- 
publican soldiery, who marched only whither their pleasure led 
them, who advanced or retired at no other command than their own 
wayward wills, and who would accept or refuse the offer of bate une 
der no other dictation than that of their own daring bravery or sullen 
discontent. To no penal code of discipline could the sovervigns who 
employed them appeal, to chastise the insolence of these mercenary 
levies. ‘They openly threatened violence. or doggedly refused obe~ 
dience, mutinied or disbanded, or marched off to their mountains, as 
often as’ they failed to receive their pay to the hour,—or were disup- 
pointed in their hopes of plunder,—or through disgust to a service, 
arrogantly chose, in the absence of real, to invent some imaginary 
grievance, As for the captains of their own bands, the soldiery always 
rather compelled them to march at their head, than condescended to 
render them even the show of obedience. In fine, for the character of 
Swiss troops, on the article of thut discipline of which obedience to 
Jawful command is the very foundation and corner-stone, turn you but 
to the pages of Guicciardini, who for ought that may be discovered 
through bis writings, was on this point at least an impartial judge, and 
hus rendered a free tribute af eulogy to the gallunt spirit of the moun= 
taineers. For, after extolling their matars coviat and the firmness 
of their arruy, he contrasts the true glory which their heroism should 
have won for their country, with the rapacity, the intolerable insolence, 
and the mutinous licence by which the conduct of their mercenary 
levies in the field was disgraced, and their national chnracter corrupt- 
ed: ‘arsuefattisi per la enpidita del guadagno a essere negli eserciti 
con taglie ingorde, ¢ con nuove dimaude quasi intollerabili, ¢ oltre a 
questo nel conversare, ¢ nell’ ubbedire a chi gli paga, molti fustidiosi 
contumaci.”” 





Bur it nothii ist the excellence of the Swiss troops in 1 
hour of combat; andy forthe ret ish 


larly paid ; while Switzors were as ungovernable in their inso~ 
font caprices as ineabable in their extortions. With regard to their 





d 
deed, attributes to their infantry, several varieties of array en orders 
ancients. 





ora COLLOGUIES WITH FOLARD: q 


‘Bur besides that it is not, in itself, probable’ tI 
flere kno cae ty fod wed ten taught by @ 
le, we Know tl ey ly D 

aceree of their position to 

epoch much anterior to. the revi fp 
nsually the simple iF CARLO, 
rant as the ilar sdith whom they led. Nor, in 
dence of the pproach to tactical seienoe 










was never 


of th 
and Tearning ‘ing to 
only fears were lost their enemy should escape 
ausillaried by sharing a. viotory, sbonld rob them of 
and they determined to march out and attack tho 
tired two miles from the walls, before the arrival a 
Accordingly, to the mumber of ten thousand. rithout 
pet aus dee an weer — coe “oe el 
in three masses: the * marched | ri 
the ae Baie array. ‘Then, alike roperdloa of Sts Arg 
many of thelr levies and whole sections of their deep array, 
ble to the charge of the French ‘armerie, and trinmphant 
obstinate resistance of the | echts, they seized. the gi 
ehivaly to a disgraceful flight, and routed the German infants 
merciless sliughter. ‘Their conduct in the attack of the 
M po arsed ex and aa Tmperialists 0 
1692, results, on occasions, were less fur 
Wey precicly eiilars.tn all theoe! waconters tiiaerd ae 
and deadlnees was admirable, but in none can wed 
sion of strategical skill. id 
“Of their deficiency in this respect, there ean be no s1 
the fact—and I know not that it haa ever been noticed. 
not a single soldier of renown sprang from their ranks; whil 
ism of the French chivalry was united with the genius of a ge 
tain in a De la Tremouille, a Bayard, and still more 
4 Gaston de Foix,—while the ee of pipes 
a De lo Marek and a 


th ‘nd discipline of the Spanish foot,--and abow 
Se ee tag alle oF fenlge 

































COLLOQUIES WITH POLARD. 673 


desolated her plains, a crowd of accomplit Soe 

D'Alviano, Pescara, Guasto, Giovanni de’ Medici, izio, and Pros- 

, Colunna,—during all this time, the Swiss binds, so distinguished 

in achievement, could never boast one commander of their own nation 

Dear his day to the least in this catalogue of illustrious men, or 
name has been found worthy of descending to lator times.” 

Tt is still more singular that Switzerland, tl h her peasantry 
have in every sul it ave shown the same aptitude and passion for 
military servgee, and thongh her papolacien hes eorrainly- afforded acme 
of the finest materials to the continental armies, should never have 
peer ‘one generol of the first order, The same thing caw scarcely 

said of any other country in Europe. And this apparent inferiority 
of the Swiss military genius umust strike us as the more strange, from 
the similarity of their national character with that of Germany,—a 
country which has assuredly given birth to some of the greatest masters 
of the art. Yet neither at the epoch before ws, though you have named 
two distinguished leaders of the lanzknechts, did any ‘general 
of the first eminence figure in these Italian wars.” . 

“ Not exactly in those wars: but you will remember that this was 
also the age of the wily Maurice of Saxony—the maternal grandfather 
of his illustrious namesake of Nassau— in the first religious war 
of his native land, after ee Sire ie the political skill of the Empe- 
ror Charles V. proved himself one of the most consummate generals, 
as well as one of the ablest princes, of his times, But in Italy I know 
not, indeed, that the Gisnaran bands,—of whom we have in the second 
place to speakj-any more than their leaders, ever rose, like the Swiss 
oe Spanish, to cho very highest rank in fame. ‘Though formed onthe 
‘Swias model, and closely emulating both the bravery and discipline of 
the mountaineers, they were never hold quite their equals in repu= 
tation.” >. 

“ Yet they sometimes displayed a devoted and constancy 
under arma, which not even the Swiss heroism could excel. In the 
campaign of 1496, in Southern Italy, for instance, a band of only seven 
or eight hundred lanzknechts, in Neapoliton pay, were eut off and 
surrounded on their march by the whole cavalry of the French army, 
Without hastening or relaxing their pace, they threw themselves Into 
a solid square bristling with pikes, and long repulsed every churge of 
the French and Italian gens-d’armerie. In despair of breaking their 
array, the enemy’s generals next assailed them with the fire of tho 
light cavalry ; bat though the mounted arquebusiers grievously thin- 
ned their numbers, they only closed their weet at and con- 
tinued their march in order, until they reached the bank of a 
rapid river. Here their gallant leader Heiderlin, whose name has 
been honournbly preserved, was obliged, in fording the torrent, to ex- 
tend their impénetrable order; their long pikes were then rather an 
incumbrance than a defence; and the armerie, ual and 

ly at~ 
Yet the 





throwing themselves also into the of the stream, individ 
tacked and overwhelmed them by superiority of numbers. 
lanzknechts, in rage and desperation, fought obstinately to the last, © 
until they were destroyed to a man.” : 

“ Many instances night be adduced: of the same devoted spirit, 
which was in a great common both to Swiss and Germans. 





674 COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD, 
But, I think, the inferiority of the latter generally e t 
troops of the to tstlena ch ecceditp Se ee ave 





on the apot; the French gens-d'armerie and native 
effort to support the wreck of these bands; and nll the French artil- 





Jory, which had been consigned to their was euptured and 
ieee against them in thee retreat. ience of Novara, 
luwerer, werved only to convince the French of the value 
of the German infantry, and the necessity of opposing them in in- 








force to the formidable Switzers; and two years 

@ battle of Marignano, Franeis I. hed above rk 

lanzknechts in his army ; nor, though again i 

bands of Uri und Underwald, did the Germans iscredit to their 

reputation in that Prine encounter. And finally, on the fatal field of 

Pavia, the intrepidity af the German foot presented so striking a can-_ 

trast to the misconduct of the Swiss, that if we judged only fron 

evont, we should be compelled to reverse our opinion of their relative 

superiority. For, while the Swiss, on that disgraceful day, forg 

their euceat valour—-or in the strong age oF | 

© 7 quali nou corrisposero quel giorno in parte alcuna: al valore = 

suffered themselves to be shamefully broken and routed by the lanz- 

kenechts of the Imperialists under Frundsberg, the German’ Black 

Bands in the French service were the onl of 

who behaved well ; and though surrounded on all sides, they 

with cbpernee paler until enclosed between three masses of | 

countrymen und the Spanish foot, by un able manwuyre of Prune 

berg, they were literally annihilated.” a 
“ There is something revolting in the spectacle of these meres 

of the some lond ond tongue butchering each other for base 

out ae ahs igre or oda set of those passi w 

wars stifle the ordinary sympathies of nature an 7! ieee 
pita bana seflethion ure sonar ty erecta 

with this feeling, in the onset at Pavia, opposed his Swiss to: 

periul lanzknechts, and his Black Bands to the Spanish foot: Dut the 

y rout of the mountaineers gave the Imperi the occa 

sion of showing their indifference to any scruple of the in 

mussacring one body of Germans by another, 7 

‘of the Swiss Cantons, notwithstanding the national avarion and indif= 

ference to every cause, were sensible of the infumy of suffering their 

‘ children’ to cut each other to pieces; upon one o¢e 

their infantry were - echeg in es Leer one aie pare 

sent a peremptory order for the reeal 

tains. With respect, however, to the Germans, you will. dont 

although throughout these Italian wars, bodies : 


b 





COLLOQUIES WITH POLARD. 675 


nation wore usually to be found in the hostile armies, they were sel- 
dom from the same part of the Em scarcely 
as men of the same blood. For 
generally from the ber Austrian dominions the southern 
states: i ie bernmtyeer oy ares ei service, 
were, I believe, with a single exception, enlisted in istant parts 
of Lower Germeny, lees immediately dependant on the Imperial autho- 
tity. OF the former provinces, certainly, were the numerous bands 
which the veteran George von Frundsberg, hitnself an Austrian noble, 
twice raised and led across the Alps; the first before the battle of 
‘Pavia, and the second, two years later, the same whieh, under 
ens of Rome. The German in he 














ie ets toe nro cheno Raat eae 
int ir history may eve some special noti jowever te 
The tn le which they Pecan seems tera varied in number igh 
aix to eight thousand men, and was raised for the Frenel service by 
Robert de In Marck, puigneas of Bouillon or Sedan, among the German, 
atates on the Meuse and Lower Rhine, Under the command of that 
brave and able leader, they first appear to have risen to distinction 

the close of the reign af Louis XII. and Guicciardini eulogizes 
their reputation for courage and fidelity in the service which they had 
embraced, ‘ La qual banda della Germania bassa era per la sua 
Serocin e per la fede sempre dimostrata negli exerciti Franesst in 
dissima estimazione. It wag these Black Bands which fought so 
bravely and suffered so heavily at Novara; where Robert and Wil- 
liam, sons of the elder De la Marck, and seigneurs of Fleuranges and 
Jametz, who served ws cuptuins in their rinks, were struck down co. 
vered with wounds—the former being said to have received no less 
than forty-six—and wore only Paar alive ren under the fat cue 
Swies by the desperation of their parent. It was these at 
Moarigneno, that ogaia attracted the peculiar hatred of the Suries, whe 
declared before the battle that ‘ they would on that day extin, the 
very name of the German een particularly of those compa~ 
nies, whose black standards should be the presage of their destruction,” 
‘The menace was not accomplished ; and for ten years the Black Bands 
maintained their reputation in the French armies, until they were ex- 
terminated at Pavia, displaying to the last an unblemished valour and 
fidelity, worthy of a happier fate,” 

« The estimation in which these mercenaries were held, 
marks a sij defect in the componitic ‘the Frenen armies duri 
the age Vfoe Wile the Soin and German bande ruccirely 
formed an indispensable portion of their array, in ever; ition, 
‘Inreridont thet ny ex kdaccn pea lb fase gavelimeopa ae hatince: 


won any renown in those transalpine wars.’ 
“ No: and our best authority has told you why. ‘Tho influence of 








jealousy. Hence, at the op 

century, was France toil deine of any 
This want was tho moro striking, because, at the 
her military array was in other respects far 
other couniry. Her noble gena-d'armerie For 
ison, the finest eavalry in Europe, and gloriously mait 
chivalric renown in every encounter in these Itali 
solitary exception of the rout at Novara. At Ravenna: 
and at Pavin made every gallont effort to restore, the 
day ; and at Marignano, t! an redeemed the disgs 
for as Francis L. who himself led 1, wrote to his m r, 
cenls et par cing cents, il y fut fot une trentaine | s 
(against the Swiss masses,) ef ne ion plus que les gen 
pains armés ¢ car, sans point de faute, ce sont eww qui 
tion” ‘ 

** So also the French artillery, as we have scen, far su: od t 
of any other nition ; and T may here remark, that the trata with 
Francis 1. crossed the Alps in 1515, was even more caleul 
cite the astonishment of the nge, thin that whieh Charles 
exhibited in Italy twenty year before. It ' 
heavy pieces of cannon, ecmpletely horsed, besides 
nance, und was attended by a body of three thousand 
‘and pioneers, regularly enrolled into bands like the infant 
example perhaps of a distinct organizution for the 
nance which is to be found in the history of any 
difficulty of transporting so numerous a train over 
through the snows of the Alps;—and that, too, before ane 
deen acknowledged even in your own days of boasted scien 
the age of Francis I. the enterprise was one of 
stupendous labour, and could protably have been necomplisl 
the cumbrous and defective matériel of no other army of ti 

“ But while,” continued the Chevalier, I claim the rig 
this eulogy on the advance which on countrymen had 
inone branch of the science, I am the more induced to ad 
miserable deficiency in respect of that force which hath 
entitled the nerve of urmies. The only levies whieh’ offered # 
tension of 0 native infantry, were those of Picardy and G 
latter of which provinces, before the nrbalist fell into d use 
some repute for its cross-bowmen, and afterwards for its arq 
But upon no long experience of the worthlessness of 
plined Navies against the ur infantry in the Italian’ 
into such utter contempt, that 1 know not if a Gascon hath: 
meant morein our camps than » braggart, or a Picard than: 





















COLLOQUINE WITH FOLARD. oT 


‘The insolence af the Swiss, and the Lena all foreign merce- 
naries then taught our monarchs, something too late, to perceive the 
alte se ea a a ee Pietro Na- 
varra, after his © Spanish service, to disci ape 
of ten thousand Basque Yori tag jaime model on wi 
ee trained the pa But his no pas rica equal; 
nor it appear that thia intents was. follo 
crease of reputation to the iat Tn fact, it was. not Lev jive 
close of these Italian wars, that any systematic attempt of the kind was 
renewed ; when, in 1533, Francis i availed himself of the short Lsierg 
of Cambray, to enrol about. forty-two thousand men in Batre 
ments, or bam si fe foot. ‘This was the first standing arm of French 
preety for the ies d'Ordonnance of Charles fifteen 
Bo ne. number, i of are commonly Ge as Sepeaete exam) 
a standing army in Europe, were, as you know, avi a 
composed. oF ttoopeo8 -darmerie with their Ferrier lei 
archers, and other Tigut 


* Yet even this measure of Francis J. ean searcely be said, Cheva- 
lier, to have established the French national inne fr for, rs the reliv 
faecal sean fone rp that ere 

man mercenary foot composed the chief resource and si 
armies of both factions. In your = ebronology, the rise of ‘he 
French notional infantry must be postponed to the seventeenth cen- 
es 3 and I believe you will be contented to assent to the conclusion 

xr that the establishment of its reputation in Fae 
mal from the battle of Rocroi.”” 

‘That point I am contented, at Jeast, to reserve for our later discus 
sion: at present we come, in the order of our pairs to consider the 
jualities of the Santen and Lrattan bands whieh were formed during 
the sixteenth century. 

“ To the charietaristonad, the Spanish foot, as well as the 
arities of their organization and armament, you haye ulready 50 
referred, that lst xiecpinedabancide Whaviones be iiensiieeee 
fortune in these wars, and- owed their glory ax much to the talents of 
the great captains, both Italian and Spanish, who trained and led them, 
an any rent qualities of soldiershiy hin Shera yee 

« Pie taiiae eieoenioe Spanish int try certainly 
ipso but it is not the less true that their national character itself in 

that age afforded for culture all the best constituents of military ~ 
tue: asta es pee eee inflexible fortitude, and patient. 

loftiest pride of penny and country, and the most ¢ 
voted valour, To these moral qui 


for Guicciardini doubtless the sentiment of his times, when he 
ee observes, that neither the French nor even the Swiss were 

80 cay of enduring corporeal fatigue and privation as the Spaniards. 
With all these natural requ: eee cay ter con! 


4 need not 
wonder how readily the Spaniards were moareekctaie aie 
trvops ia the universe. But lien. they fast landed in Tay, te ea 
every thing to learn; a; and six hundred meneat-nrma, 

thonsand infantry, whieh, disembarking from Sicily in. the peur 1405) 


67s COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD. 


formed the earliest Spanish force that entered on oe 

of these Italian wars of thirty years, were routed at y 

sobering! the French ‘ind Sa Suias) byetd nese 
manded da Cordova—the 


by 
ber wth ete ordiony spite f muggy ea 
"The Spasiged bad ove hat age diplaed as 

~ “The Spanii even in that age as 
by rain of Besstiegy wa reales plod a 

the ridicule of the other nations, who as: 
erraganon ne iresleay 

roganc they feared thet wala" 

es: one of the oarlieat satires in may native 

Des Rodomontades Es] as old ax the 


return to Gonvalvo ‘da C » it is ina very 
terity have confirmed to his memory that fae of « Great 








sion on the’ firm array A tied a n 

bravely, were defeated with « facilit ate es : 
riority of 3 discipline. But in the second war of Naples, 

Iupse of onl ie five years, the case was already completely reversed ; the 


interval in giving a regular 
Spanish infin Nasi hei gr he ae very comeacomnt of hte 
those bands displayed all the sulibers which soured {ie ong career 
of glory. Gonsalvy landed agua in eontbern Italy ‘lied 
of twelve hundred horse and eight thousand : na 
nation ; and this small force formed the germ of that army “filled 
all Italy with its exploits, and all Europe with its renown” 
“Tis remarkable how smull, in every campaign of wes 

the numerical strength of those levies who resis such immortal | 

never mustered, I think, Chevalier, on 

sea above some ten or twelve ieee 





¥ zy seldom so many,and never more, “The scanty: 

reinforcements which the poverty of the Spanish court 

the support of Gonsalvo during the contest in the Neapolitan 

Seesayed the precision wit fame their scrivalle detail 

contem| historians. ‘he t cons! -. 1 
eaten Oariagl sand tvasinonced ovina aimed 
drada} and these latter are specified, it is not without interest to note, 
ag the native infantry of Biscay, Galicia, and the Asturian, A 

these reinforcements was that io do Loyva, thea simply a 
soldier, who was destined by his talents to rise on the same t 
with sigual reputation, to the supreme command of the: 
mies. In the kamo army, and already nay meng TAS) 
loaders, served Pietro Navarra, to whom ontem ri 
the immediate honour of having trained he Spaniel Bonde 
in that peculiar order of combating, which gave them #0 deci 
periority over the lee and German p) ‘of pilces. 
such materials, amd led by the genius of Gonsalvo—who, 
ing every eampaign, showed consummate ability in op 









COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD. or 
tient fortitude of his troops to the impetuous but inconstant spirit of m, 
countrymeo-—the’ Spanish. infantry were prepared dor thers belllant 


sequent successes, The hostili which were occnsioned by tho 
Jeagne of Cambray in 1509-10, still farther exercised their’ disci- 
ine and valour: but it is from the war of the ‘ Holy League,’ formed 
Pope Julius II, with Spain and Venice against our Louis XII in 
1511, that we must date the commencement of that undisputed supre- 
‘macy in arms—that palm of Ligne valour and discipline—which the 
Spanish bands were theneeforth permitted by universal acknowl 
‘ment to claim over the troops of all the other nations om the Italian 
theatre, In 1512, at the sangainary battle of Ravenna, though the 
field was lost by the overthrow of their cavalry, they routed and would 
have annihilated the German infantry who were opposed to them, but for 
the efforts of the victoriaus French gens-d’armerie > = repelled every 
charge of that gallant chivalry ; they finally ret in order. 
At Vicenza, in the a » they routed the Venetian or Ro- 
a, 


crowning gloves of Pavia to confirm these tess of tele superiority.” 

« Tow! 

4ny of valour was certainly shared with then ia common by the Swisa 
an 


dorable weight to the ability ‘of their leaders. Not only were they ori- 
goely trained to victory by the genius of the great Gonsalvo; but 


“ of the Spanish infantry, Chevalier, you have not 
included thelr na cavalry pai clay 


620 COLLOQUIES WITH FOLARD. 


“No: for the Spanish troops of that arm were 
Lichen mermegnyroesncmeey Their 








ly “ie at the cet emere of ti 
Ailes: to cones e a2 
ou may add, Sir Knight, that the A feat 
Fa em and some of those noble chi¢ inferior 
Viseclctntadscet mecunary onntaies sana of 


of Bais on their oountty, ane 
Tee Tbe pull bes tomo’ hete uutve’ ood aicald laa pee 


D’Alviano, numbered alone as many generals erty first rank os the 
collective powers who strove for her subjugation. If an 
Shc of epson of ara so tk the warlike 

the numerous native enlery of Taly who served in the hostile 

8 ae SAE oppressors, might sutliciently attest the martial 

‘bent of the national mind Eaoeereion Soe cel aR 


placed their infar a the finest in Europe, the | " 
Sere ea ts the eureel Eatend and ctsoked pollo: Grameen 
fect nly astborinate part athe quarrels ftir 0 
Peters merinorensiatent ere a 

ir common eon - of her conquerars, 
‘he trent whith on of the wisest oh ens te 
would have taught them to expect, : es he 


~2 
they were oppremed a jects and despved ms aliens. at ‘But while the 
Spucral ishsanment ifthe faliaa peo and the cowardice which their 
raw and ill-organixed militia feta ors betrayed in the field, excited the 
contempt of their invaders, there were not wanting of the 
penis among them when cere and Rew 
Pa to your mer her instances, the 
inensy od plotter Nadel Bers P 
‘onetian service at the battle of Agnadella ; when, 
bose though eut offand surrounded in ‘an open 
‘ed by 0 superior , that Romagnol infantry por ine 
‘of a numerous French gens-d'armerie, and retired in unbroken ) AFFASS 






CANADIAN LOYALTY. 681 


leaving six thousand dead on the field. Witness also the merited re- 
putation of the Tuscan Black Bands, raised by the condottiere Giovan- 
ni de’ Medici, (a cousin of Leo X.); they were held confessedly equal 
to the Spanish infantry, and it is remarkable that, like the Intex, they 
were distinguished for the steadiness, rapidity, and murderous exeeu- 
tion of ther fire." 7 9 eo arate 

“ The short history of these Italian ‘ Bande Nere’ (w! the way, 
are not to be confocnded with the Black Bands of Saambanchay ie 
curious episode if the wars of those times. They were raised to the 
amount of some three hundred horse, and three or four thousand light 
infantry, chiefly armed with earbine and pike, for the service of Leo X., 
and on his déath, first acquired their appellation by—in token of 
mourning for that Pontifl’s death—changing their white standards for 
a time to black ; a fanciful device, which they adopted for the second 
time, and permanently, when they lost their gallant and able Jeader by 
the shot of a falcunet in a skirmish. After successively serving 
Francis I. and the Florentine republic, under their own colonels, they 
formed the nerve of the French army in Loutru’s disastrous expedition 
to Naples ; in which, being put forward on every occasion, the greater 
number of them fell in the field, the pestilence added its ravages, and 
on the capitulacion of the French army the dwindled remains finally 
disbanded. OF their two colonels, who successively replaced De 
Medici, the first, Count Orazio Baglioni, was slain at their head, und 
his successor Ugo de Pepoli was swept off by the pestilence.” 

. . . . . 


®. B. 





CANADIAN LOYALTY. 


Durina the last American war, an innkeepor (named Palmer), who 
lived near: Fort: Erle, liad a plctars fi late MaSesty George i 
‘Third, which was suspended over the ehimuey-piece in his best par 
Jour. Tt se happened, that an American General was qi oat 
this house, and observed the picture, One he took some piccos 
and stuck them over the eyos. When Palmer cume in to 
the fire, the General said to him, “ I see you have a 

iad King, Mr. Palmer j’—Ay,” says Paliner, who was 
Jd suan, and has lovt his 






Tctandea’ ould inevitably bare jailed ths Hepes ehioey 
rs, would inevitably have spoil can's joki 
ber ‘abe a ete! aces pds ed thew all 
the war, and, for what I know, does still, as I saw it in 1815, and last 
time in 1822. 


U.S. Jouny. No 18 Sune, 10, ay 


7 
682 


ps tem 
THK STORY OF JA'PAR, SON OF THE SULTAN OF WADAL® 


Tapmrnep “Abd-el-Ralim’s ingenuity, and press to Hee 
suggestions. In another interview we culculat 
acting would consume, and settled the night on Mich T should stem 
mE, Son excape. 
a the mean while “Abd-el-Rabim made the Ber! 
for our journey, I did exactly as he had recommended, 
without difficulty in meet iia at aes Soe me 
He was mounted on a cami ae and 
curried our provisions and 
We tra tepapenpedetsing Meperr ey) —— 
het the next day after dark, arrived at SEhil¢ 
the aie ib ata little distance from a large encempment of 
Before daybreuk we departed, and after sunset, reached a 
called Zuguitah, Our next station being far off, we set out 
hours before morning, yet got there only ms nightfall, on the fi 
vie tage at Ser ce 
in before daylight, and after trays ¢ wi a 
Sopp ety comp, at cape As we were now on 
Veders of n daseri, wa eacreanel our stook of bread ral baetele 
hence we set out in the night, and riding all the next oa 
‘sunset, we arrived at Erd-el-Zafrin in the desert, the iT 
was overtaken when escaping in company with 'Al . Web 
now to extensive downs, before we could repose in security, in a 
rocky ily @ district, ealled Hadadiyeh, which we did not reseh till the 
Sea aiilenianealraite hough we from Erieel- 
Zatrin several hours before day. Here we rested till the a se ‘morn= 
Sng, and after travelling nearly two days, we reached another desert 
lace called Murrat. Four days more brought us Se 20a ee 
lesert called El Yahfidiyeh, and in three days after we seieal 
Takonzi, where there is un ancient tower, as tull as a Minaret, 
such massive masonry, that it must have been built in the times whem 
‘stones obeyed the voice of men. Here, as well os at all our a 
this desert, we always found water, 
We mounted at our usual hour; we were now nearly days’ 
journey from Tripoli. Iwas enjoying the thoughts cote 


obtained my. liberty, when, er sunrise, eye of 

“Abd-el-Rahim descried a speck on the horizon, aes 

pleasing meditations by exclaiming in a tone of alarm, a 

there Ct pecep 1 locked in the dzetion to which ict ba 

and could perceive nothing but the ordinary aspect 

After paicints my vision. ‘for some eared d attending to" 

Rahim’s indications, that it was north of this and sunth: selena 

covered « small spot darker than the rest, which 

tionloss, aud which my companion’s confident assertions | 
ersuade me arose from horsemen. “If they are," said I, 

stationary."—" No,” said he, “ they are going at a foot's | 























* Concluded from page 550. 
+ Mil or Shbul, i wame given to a ctltivated uact betwece Rasa) Amul wad 
she river Khaban, ~ 


JA'PAR, SON OF THE SULTAN OF WADAL. 683 


Lave their horses’ heads towards us."— They may be a party of 

Bedoween Arabs,” suggested [—* I fear not,” replied he; “in a few 

minutes I shall be able to decide whether they are Arabs, or Tripolitan 
liers.”” 

They proved to be emissaries from my enemy, and sixteen in num- 
ber; we could, therefore, nourish no hope of safety but in concealment, 
and there was nothing to hide us from their view. The habitual train 
of ideas engendered KA captivity rushing on my iind, crushed my 
hopes, und T was quickly resi to my fate; but that of my 
friend “Abd-el-Rabim would have resembled “Abd-cl-Aziz’s bud he 
been taken. There happened to be a ridgo of low hills running on one 
side of us:t no time was to be lost, lest the horsemen should perceive 
us before we got to the other side of it, "Abd-el-Rahim urged me to 
follow him, but I had not proceeded many paces, ere I reflected that 
ts 800n, e began to ascend the side of the ridge, we should infalli- 
bly be seen, and having failed in an endeavour to put my horse into m 
canter, I stopped short,and made a sign to my companion to save him- 
self if he could. He gave me a most anxious parting look, and I never 
saw or heard of him more. Being myself the principal. object of 
pursuit, T hoped the soldiers would direct all their attention towards 
me; and in order to give ‘Abd-el-Rnhim time to escape, I proceeded 
in a direction exactly opposite to that which he took in his flight. 

‘The horses of my pursuers were nearly as much fatigued as my own, 
and the foremost did not come up with me for more than an hour after 
1 first sww them. He presented his piece at me, and bade me stop. 
I obeyed, and wus soon surrounded fy the whole ‘ty, ench man 
levelling his gun at my breast as he came up, and exulting in the 
priae. One proposed to go after my companion, but was overruled by 
another, who, humanely interponed and anid,“ Let the poor devil go; 
what erloe hos he committed Besides, our orders regard Jafar nlye 
and he is in our power.” Their horses, indeed, were not in a - 
tion for farther pursuit, and one suggested that they should paxs the 
remainder of that day, and the next night on this spot, which met the 
general approbation ; and having pinioned me, every one sought his 
‘own repose. Some were inclined to enter into conversation with mey 
but I held an obstinate silence. nal 

Ry three o'clock in the afternoon, both men and beasts: having ree 
covered from their fatigue, we set out for the well of Lakonai, where 
we arrived at sunset. Deprived of the use of my arma, I could not 
find a posture in which I was sufficiently at ease to sleep, but T still 
maintained my silence, which E would not break, even ta ask to be re= 




















2 i f Antermni randy wastes, afford i in 
se a asec ee ores 


ences of they rer vi 
lover the same ground, with woary camels and 
watched appearances from amore speck on the 





Arabs, tually approached each other. 

Although the Aff ont ae. sey lin they are neverthlon of - 
tersected by mountainous chains, equally urid with the sea of siliceous mind from which 
they rise. We have ed saeral of thee, and found then to conmint in some 
places of compact limostone, ‘romaine, —in others of harsh 
vitrifications, ree! ne asleasie salstunsay of whlch tha dary, tacts ell the 
‘Haritz, isn notable instance. - 


684 THE STORY OF JAWAR, 
eens was | 
ra fiche one of the sl oldies i by the revan.’ * The 
aes at sunrise inclined me to slumber, erties 





upon my Sate tate sac tie = 
deo copter at Bere! eas 

five or six hours, we halte irk oad 
Hines some area ad 


profound rate which lasted till Twas veplased pga 


to journey. on ~~ 
Ke the She day, a man, with whom T bad had Fie bo 
quaintonce, was moved with com for ides: a 
and dieplayed a warmth of fendi for me, that astonish 
ing. He suid, “Ob, brothers! Let me loosen sh poor mass bend 
for I cannot bear to see him suffer thus, Nay, 1 the name 
of the Prophet, that I was not pleased when we overtook him, for he 
has committed no crime. eared fr are now 
here in the desert, fifteen days’ journey ei will be quite 
time enough to pinion him when we apy the cit 
paste pastes wdsearings hE atald aot e 
strenuous jected, saying, that i at their custody, 
the blame bie not fall i him alone, but be Reps ef by all. I was 
silent, and shed tears of gratitude towards the protector, whom God 
Lad raised up to me in my need. He then sprang up in the midst of 
p who were sitting on the ie te with bestia hoc 
mind pour Caddued > baciers 
et I swear by the living God, that if ch “are resolved eke 
nd, Lam determined it skull not be without a 


at first violently opposed by two or three of his 
grees the majority were brought over to his sido, and refer 
point, From thet Ve through bis exertions and eo 


well treated, being allowed the sume accommodations, and 


ae 
a 
te 
i 
ie 


food us the rest of the party enjoyed Ye 
During our journey, 1 had frequent conversations apart with 
new friend. He kindly used his utmost endeavours to console 


comfort me, warmly assuring me that the Pashi would not put me to 
death. One day he enquired whether [ bad any friend ‘the 
grandees or peo credit, in Tripoli. 1 me 

Abj-Teil, and it was concerted that when we approached the city, he 
should precede us a few hours, to solicit him to exert his 

terest with the Pasha in my behalf, so that, when I arrived, he might 





* A sort of halter made of silk or fine wool, which is always am sppeaiage te » 
‘Turkish bridle, 5 he 
2: Tels be ogre Sha we have nog en Ieee 
ious mats, as we should have been happy to record it, for it sooeoaan 
instances, amid the deplorable ignorence and imbecility 
— of those rogiv i pa of the actual existence Nye etn 
wo have curvelves went proof in remote parts 
society and bearing of the government spewed Cicutead seer hea 
ue aad munier. ‘Thence we may conelude that the avarice, 
sakes bad teaity of ‘character, ret with ia thow regions, originate rather 1 
‘example and bad education, then in naturel disposition. ee pam | 










of 





=o We arrived at t, and I was eels ‘confined 
Ke condemned cell of ae 

poten eee 
carry me before the My friend whispered to me not 10 de- 


fri 

d, assuring me that my aifair was arranged, inasmuch as regarded 
Tey life. Up tar aatasten tiespeenen oeenbeen Galea eaiat 
me: “ Art thou not ashamed of what thou hast been doing? 
wilt at last oblige me aki ‘kill thee,"—and ordered that F should 
stantly reconducted to the prison of blood. 1 answered not a word, 
saying only to myself“ Mukaddar |" * A semnalned isha: fond ‘or water 
till four o'clock that day, when I was egain eer ried before the Pishi, 
I Set on he a Hat Ahmet ‘cil was mh Ra ee a8 2000, 
a9 entered he addressed me in the following words :— prolong 
the life of his Highness! If any other person hud been in his place, 
he would irs 8 thee to death. But now he has kindly extended 
his generosity towards us, and, bas spared thy life at my snes 
It therefore behoves thee to take heed for the future, and be well con~ 
ie that. another time, no one con supplicate his "Highness on ony 


tee inthe sll’ hs Seyyid:  Bebold ! T have granted you 
his life, but he shall never more go out of the palace; and. ifever he: 
again to cross the threshold of ite door, he shall have tive here pad ‘base 





tinadoes, and be thrown into the Hi rest of bis 
days.’ T promi sad retired with Sidi. Ahmed, who as 
we were going said to mez “ For Gi tuke cure you do not 
again abscond, for another time, ee can save you from the wrath 
the Pishi.” ‘The black slaves} were ordered to watch my motions 
continually, and I was lept ares end sad dneied Senta a 
On that. ath wae 
to the Pa: 


rt he was retiri 
ail oFasiiasees ot een re tr dy anid A 
he did not reply but Beckane Pou to py a a his suite, . 
On our arrival at the Consul’ mS to a 
amiable family, all the strange nadanta of my —= 


* What is to be, ill be! or, moce li 

+ fuevch of these interviews, the i 
cally correet, as instantly to reeal! him 
taan, bat Kis Botte puslbe are; on Russo 








‘constant altensance. 
"Tels your protection "or tae 1 tio 
‘our intimate tne ath 












686 THE STORY OF JARAR, 


which they were much affected. When ¥ had conchided, Mr. War- 

iaceetes ana wy eran cag 
e »” Five days elapse wut an 

the Consul, or any Peclesesionen the part wf the Pasta. On the a 

day my kind benefactor went to the castle, and his | 


that T was under the protection of the British him to per 

mit eRe a pilgrimage om Meco} by way of Tetieeae 
I 

scort by land to Wiroh, from whence I might set out om my pilgrim- 

i my ee gving to Alexanicis coald not be alowed: hited 

wi 





to me, aw ‘wonld be glad! 

soon os I heard it, I protested stron; inst aie west 
into the power of the Pasha, and declared ey be i a ot 
intention to make away with me on the rood. Mr, Wi 
not at first entertained an idea of treachery, but became 


accompany him to the palace, telling me: “ Whon you are in the pre- 
sence of tl restraint.” 
the usual compliments, snd the Consul had taken his seat, his High 
diese dressed at ir these word What you mean to do, my 
son? Cun you say that you-have been ill treated while under my 
roof? Have T not maintained you for six years, and have is eee 
ulways here as one of my family? I have paid masters to instruct you, 
—I hove tought you to read,—I have taught you to write,—and | 
after all your undutifal and criminal conduct, I am ready, at our friend 
the Consul’s request, to send you with camels and slaves, and all 
necessary, to your country ; but, instead of accepting my favours 
meeapl you suspect me of a treacherous design to you, 
‘entertained a design upon yourlife, I should have taken it a 
pos taeited it by murdering the Hebrew coribe, and not uel tl 
ot execute my purpose, disgracefully t 
word I have now given for your safety answered whi Ke 
inspired by the presence of the British Consul,— On what prince 
of justice, I should bo glad to know, do you arrogate a right over & 
life? Im neither your subject nor yout slave. Could not mny go 
that, you found in the desert sutisfy you ?"—“ Thy goods!" intern 
the Pasha: “I was a loser by the undertaking, je expenses 
expedition absorbed the value of what was thus recovered.”—* Well,” 
if 
















interrupted I, in my ture, “ whether your Highness ied oF lost 
that ahealiicn, is not now a pint Let the soll Consul 
‘between us—the tyranny which you have been for six years st 
over my person, cannot be justified, neither by the law of Mi r 
nor by that of Moses, nor by that of Jexus. “Yet I um content 
Mould assume over me the authority of a master his slaves, 
have come heré to ask you my liberty aa a favour,” 1 
The Piaha then imed,—* What childish talk is bon | 
Have T not wld you, that T will provide you with every r 
‘our journey, and send you with ull due honours to your country: 


te 
replied that I had no desire to return to ray family, who ipoeee! 
go first 


had forgotten me, and that my only wish was to 
tothe tomb of oar holy Prophet." Welly” salt the Pash, 


_| 


SON OF THR SULTAN OF WADAIL 687 


to Wirah, you may from thence fulfil your yow of going to Mecca.’ 
On imy persisting in what T had demanded, his Highness said sternly, 
te vaes entertain, he Gg Sa eee a vee See 

lexal a.”” 

The Consul renewed his solicitations that I might be allowed to om— 
bark for that place, but the Pishi said, “ It eames had E 
‘not been restrained a respect for your presence, I have chastised. 
this lad for his audacity. But lot that pass; he has put himself under 

‘our protection, so tuke bim away with you." After the coffee had 
again presented, we retired, and returned to the consulate. Mr. 
Warrir then determined to make the British Government ac- 
quainted with the circumstances under which I had claimed, and ob- 
thined, the prveeton of the English fag. 

Thad aes an acquaintance with the family of Dr. Dickson, since 
the tine when'Y aaa bis patient, and I sccuediee pamad ah ‘evening 
at his house, About six weeks after I hod taken refuge at Mr. War- 
rington's, as I was one night returning home, I was suddenly assailed 
by seven armed men, four blacks and three whites, who without saying 
a word, proceeded to pinion me violently. To all my entreaties to be 
told the cause of their assault, I could get no answer, und therefore 
concluded it was done by order of the Pishi, who had revolved to 
murder me. They carried me to a house not far off, and on a light 
being brought, I recognized one of the blacks to be the Kahwehji-bashi 
(chief colfee-bearer) of the palace, who accused me of liaving had a 
criminal connection with his wife. To my protestations of innocence, 
and bens! Ley even ee) he je eee ne he ined no 
regard; but drawing a out of his gir a ib to mn 
Beco AE thus aetsl abcuaii. Hieeyiiepieed error ieae 
in having quitted an asylum. I made no doubt but that tl bad 

lered me to be destroyed, under this false pretence ; yet, a8 hope never 
forsook me, I expostulated with my assassin, and, I know not wtird 


es 





had come expressly at that carly hour to notify to him, that Ja‘fur had 
retired at ten o'clock last pight, from the house of a British subject, 
and had not been heard of since, That his Hi; the Pasha, was 


would of oy lum whieh had 
een sa pscocded tosne' thst his Majeay evuld nat be ible to the 
and that . eicacuel bach ieee awn eee 

me; ering z 
countable for any thing that might ensue, to interrupt the harmony 


— :_ r | 





is 
ial 





688 THE STORY OF JNPAR, 
ss ing between the Regency, and kis Britannic phere 
ment.” ic cee Sse eae the protestations perfect 
ignorance of what had become of’ me, ~~ 
While this was passing in the house of the Kheya, f had been con= 
dueted to the castle ; his Highness hnd sent an officer Lo 
the Consul to say that Ja'far was in prison, and that th 
ension was, bis having hod a criminal conversation with 
the chief coffee-bearer; that the Consul must well know 


ohusnmedun law, ad ime visited by a capital punish 
mint; that ithis Hig ar ts sr empl sab nu 








\petent 
Here Mr, Warrington objected,—* You told me just now, hi 
ness had declared that it was expedient both the deling: 
‘be punished with death, It is plain therefore, that the woman’ 
ention has not as yet taken place, Prodyce her then, or 1 
that there is no woman in the caso, and that the whole ig un. 
machination ist the life of. Jn'far.” He then asked who. 
mien eae he or being atl to soa 8 
juestion, retil it presently returned, saying:— witnesses 
dre the Kal Chakahdir (chiet of the night patrol) and the 
who apprehended him, which his Highness doubts not 
sufficient evidence.” To this the sul demurred, ri 
the testimony of the principal witnesses, the captain of the 
the coffce-bearer was not admissible, as\ persons af the 
hold, and said to the officer ;—" Salute bis Bighoea ia my: 
tell him that, althongh no case has been made aut to justify 
arrest, I nevertheless ask his release as a favour, and by ti 
his liberty, at my intercession, his Highness will give a 















of his regard for the honour of the ish flag. Ina 

nutes the officer came back saying :—'' His Highness 
compliments and has ordered ime to say, that to oblige you, 
ie up Ja’far, but cannot be answerable for the conkequences 
chief coffee-bearer's i ; “ 

‘The Chiaous was agin dismissed with the message that the { 
could not meke bis acknowledgments for so imperfect a favour as 
granting any release while I was exposed to be way-laid by 
powerful persons of his Highnesy’s court, Upon t 
was taken out of prison and conducted to the Const happy. 
had not been carried before the Pashh either on my in) 
release. ‘The officer who had me in charge, on preset me 
Consul said :—* His Highness salutes you, and [am 
form you, that he has understood what you desired me to 
it is well,* only it is not proper that Ja‘fur should go out of your! 

In two months dispatches arrived from England, when the | 


© This iva vory common phase, implying, "I shall take cate that Jn'iar 
no harm through the enmity of my coflve-\waver 


SON OF THR SULTAN OF WADAI. 689 
; 


solicited an audience for the of presenting hix Mintster’s lotter 
to the Pasbii, and I was, peraical ‘to accompany him. ‘The letter 
contained merely a request that his Highness would as un instance of 
his trends the ‘British Government; allow: tie to’ return toot 
count 


ere ln aoe which subsisted between the two states, and finished by 





tended to kill me, he could have i 
solemnly renewed ea safety to me; but although even the 


‘The Consul then retired, and by the way continued his oxhortations; 
that I should trust in the word which the Pashii ec cajseed to the 
British Goverment; but finding me resolved, he is iutely com 
tracted for my passage to Alexandria, with Soe Dabadié.an Austrian, 
and sent me in the evening on board his ship, l'Adesione, for the 

aii > 
used to pase the day in the Consulate, and go on board to sleeps 
when one day, the ik looking out with his 6} observed me 
going on shore, and recognized mest He inn tal called some of 
is soldiers and said to them,—“ Look! there ts that fellow Ja’fur. 
I told the Consul not to suffer hinv to go out, yet there he iss 
me at defiance. Go, ten of you, lay wait for him, and when you | 
him not under the British or other flag, slay him." A slave of his 
Highness, who was present, bad the humanity to think of informing 
me of this order, and the courage to exeoute his benevolent intention: 
T immediately appealed to the and said —* You see, sir, Iwas 
right in refusing to go to Watah under the Pishis protection” ‘The 
Consul derided the report, but I, who knew the seal and veracity of 
my former castle-comrade, made no doubt of its truth. I ther 
prevailed upon Mr. Warrington to accompany me to a short dixtagce 
rom his house, knowing that ax long ax L was in his suite, Thad 
nothing to foar. Having been warned where four of the ten men, who 


* Tk should be borne in mind that though the Pichi of Tripoli, in. pues, 
overbearing iftts- 





is the least unportant of the Farbary soversigns, he is the mont powerful im 
onus anne. ibaag ‘of Fezsin, he bus on 


3 : ng 
‘ie coustren fag Utroan hk nad Wiki, ‘io, 

Toy WPUGA ult Udach cloned ene panel doe a kee 

"The Pashi's caste is at the $.K, angle of the town; close Wo Ue beaiti and 

large balcony, in which he usnally sits, the whiale gor. 





= s 


690 THE STORY OF JAPAR, 
had bon appointed to wey-lay me, were pte inthe ssa at 
Ty protector to the spot, and found them armed wits earabiness 


i Consul, though evidently struck with on Bt a nee ee 
wras not fully convineed of tholr evil Gexigat. But'wo then 
to the beach, where 1 showed him the ayacialay six of the, 
together. We closely questioned see an seat 
tlt no doubt of their being on the alert to destroy me. 

‘That very day, I folded up a letter, in the due form of a a 
the Pasha, in which I onl Wy wrote this sentence —' Men she 
Allal hasbo’h,”"*—and I thon embarked with a determin ‘to land 
no miore in ‘Tripoli - 

We were detained in port three tedious weeks longer; and 1 was 
assured that the Pisha’s rage om pacoes letter, was xo violent, 
that he swore he would take me out of the Austrian gion force. 
But he was moderated by the prudent management of 
(deputy Kyeyi) who was a wine, and and just, pemons On the 


at t sail, ai 
ay Thad the Tote of fn tig rig ali a 


which he Peattt it, were a 

that when in Tripoli the person of 

we well remember, that on qe 

Berg0 were used as esnonyanous natng fora region to the 

between Bighermch and Dar Fir. We were also 

flict between the Sheikh of Born, and the king of Wadai, 

the Sas tratfie, by Kaililas, had beea grievously interr te 
Mit, according to Ja'far, is an absolute hereditary 

pote ane be the eleventh descendant from a pe 


idea by what chance a man of that colour became the a 
nation of blacks. It is probable, however, thet us the tawny or 
‘Arabs and Berbers; of Mount Atle, are considered whit 
negroes, the founder of the dynasty was a successful warrior 
mountainous range. From its being asserted that the a 
guage was cultivated by the higher ieee at Warah, it was, 
ee that an fries i =~ might hare mate the conquest + 

mt Aijemi, which is collog: used to express a 
sits Sorvign or- ele aa js used in that 

jose Arabic is borrowed the Koran. The pea 

ceasors ares, 1. ae oe eee 3 3, “Abdeel- 











varions-accounts, to have been an enterprizing, just, and ade 
‘The unde of Safar ats on the ele gh oan 





pla 
obnoxious to ai hbouri ers; and at about the y 

71604, in contempt of the a Islamism, he m joi hes erage 
accoring Vo Wa Severo = 


= | 





© Gord will rewacd or purinh every samy 


SON OF THE SULTAN OF WADAL 691 


‘This incestuous union excited ion, and 
to repniiate her, he stoutly Cera, dattading: Misoat enti on 
gument that, as it was asual to take a sister to before the time of 


{he Prophet; be’ could. seo to omen why it <luald nce be. pesttiad 
tibet ain [Abdo say Tuomi tgs baron 


meh, which is fifteen days’ journey in circumference ; and that in 


mountain not far off. heat of the climate is vory great, and 
runs aro extremely heavy in the beginning’ of summer ‘The date- 
tree is not known, nor any of the fruits of Barbary, except water= 
melons; but there is a great variety of fr 


other reports, we have some reason to think, that a species of coffe 
may be indigenous, ia mountainous districts, in the interior of Africu. 
In an interview which we had with the Pisbi of Tripoli, in 1817, it 
was distinctly stated, that the principal traffic, at the fair of Gudam, 
‘was in ‘slaves, gold, gum, hides, dates, barracans, nitre, cotton cloth, 
and great quantities ofa frit resembling coffec’+ 

ere are no known mines of metals in Widii, nor are gold dust, or 





tivated ; for Indian corn and millet are said to be the chief articles of 
the sobsistence of. thie peoplet together with the common domestic 
their rivers and lakes 


animals, and the fish of + which last are ropro- 
sented as extremely productive. oe 

‘The cameleopard und the ein were anioals familiar to 
the Prince, but of the crocodile he no iden. 


‘To the question, “how armed men ean tho Kingdom tend 
forth "—tha santer bran S0"5 bes nates and a more satisfactory 





“ a 7 says de lamented = 
© “ On the arrival of these Gy = ey ot 


learned moan ef that country, ‘es pomerful, it seers, at 

Saeiaheiee howe at aah cheese ries 

turned : others ‘voluatanily at Barge, whese they continue to eare « goal 

People niger gee fy 
‘Both ane known by ane bana 

"see Quarterly Review, vol. 18, : 


I 


692 INPAR; SON OF THR SULTAN OP WADAL 
Wareh i built of bricks, made with stone and m 





yecting, desiderat 
Meters ‘than by the following extract from an 
February, 1817 :— 








that any sign of the crovs, or charact 
been observed: and their tenets are so slightly impresmed, that 
the-market, they ceadily eubrace Mel lanism. A’ French 
service of the PAssh, who has resided In Thpoll wwealjeAive yea 
tally elated to me that, several years ap some of them wen 
Kaffila, and that twenty-eight of the finest being selected to be 
he was appointed to transport thera thither, cging | 
their companiens fervently ombriced thom, pointing at th 
ike vessel whonce the soited ieaaod, and repeating tha, word 
thio apy a-cormption of the Ltahian, or mare, properly. 
he made his interpreter inguire concerning th 


alent ther ; [ consequently think, that 
im for the purpose, important results may cip 
to the full discovery of those rogioas in the vioinity of the: 





693 


A CRUISE UP THR SAGUENAY. 


BY A MAVAL OrFICER. 





of the year by almost every ae in the direction of the wind. In 
ae dit Say io rabirly bab 
mer, the opposite extreme of heat — with the nights frequent 
attended eae At Quebec, during the last winter, the ¢ a4 
meter fell to 33° below zero; and in the month of June following, it 
was up to 94° in the shade, thus making a minge of 127 degrees; yet 
the climate is remarkably healthy, and instances of os are com= 
mon. At the mouth of the Rivitre du Loup, on the Ist » the 
temperature of the sea water at the surface was 39°, whilst that of 
the air was 46° To July we several times found the water at 38°, 
while the air was once or twice even lower than 40°, at a period whieh 
is generally the warmest of the year. 
vious to leaving our anchorage off the Riviére du Loup for the 
Saguenay, we experienced a severe gale of wind, ‘The few following 
extracts from our log, will, perhaps, best describe it. 
3d Sept, p.t.— Detained by a fresh breeze from NIN, W. at anchor 
off the 








fg rain, each stronger that 
ani 





hawse, 1 
length during’ the night, he will be fi the 
orig, Sitch" Sng sepals il an ery My geal 


drives two cal 


spray flying forward clear over our tafrail Hark 18 — 5 
Joss for a comparison that will look well on paper. Riding harder 
than ever, Cut up Q spare top-mast, und wedi in between the 
night-heads and the windlass, to enable the latter to bear the heavy 








694 A CRUISK UP THE SAGUENAY. 


is now Sachin Bi with two anchora ahead: his stern is mot 

than two cal th from the breakers. The surf in 

of foam over the pala strata of dark slate close under 

poe cut through a vessel's bottom as if it were made of paper.” 
at 





‘ 
fee 
tik 





Dies 
as we sine the sea flying over her from stem to stern, and 
our inability to reader the smallest assistance. It was @: 
sight, and the danger with which it was attended, 
im) one, f 
the noxt morning wo left our anchorage. As we 

mouth of the Ragen, the wind died away, and son geritor| 
to anchor. We were strangers to its It navigation rc 
‘two of our companions professed a Pe wiig at ea it, we 
our cost that they were not to be trusted, 
tide had ceased, we took advan fal fe wled that ote 
and shortly found ourselves securely at in the little harbour 
‘Tadousac at the mouth of this river, 

The view from our anchorage was of the most 
tion. To the southward were the long reefs off each Lr 
entrance of the Saguenay, forming an effectual barrier to the: 
of the St, Lawrence, an ‘affording security to the harbour. 
distance was Red Island, beyond it Green and in their rear 
blue hills of the south shore, To the north-westward up the 
quenay, precipice succeeded by pacies was seen in : 
their bases washed by the dark waters of the sree 
surface they cast their shadows in gloomy, solemn pes Near uw 
was the little semi-circular beach of bright sand, ing the bay or 
harbour of Tadousac. Rising immediately above this a eee 
on which stand the houses of the faretraders, ornament 
a row of ald guns, placed round the confines of a tolerable garden, more 
for the sake of appesrance-than for ose. Above this terrace a 
ridge of white pranite hills, on the other side of which is a 
a view in this dircction is finally closed by mountains of 

‘to the height of about two thousand feet. 

ay ie astonishing depth of the Saguenay renders it one of the ‘moat 
extmordinary rivers in the world. ie 1 is the grand. outlet of ci aaa 
from the Saguenay country into the St, Lawrence, which it 
its northern shore, at about a hundred miles below. w,Quobeo, and 
though only a tribut eee has the appearance of, 
Jake, in an extent ere rather than that ot a 
scenery Is of the oe a alficent description. The iver 
varies from about a mile to vee es in breadth, and follows its 
tuous course in a south-enst direction, 
mountains of gneias and sienitic ‘Sahat a 
vertically from the water-side to an elevation of two thousand 

‘There is w feature uttending this river, which renders mere 
carleaty, and is probably the only fnstence of che Kiedy ig St. X a 
rence is about eighteen miles wide at their confluence, and has a dey t 














of about two hundred and forty feet. A ridge uf rocks 


A ©RUISE UP THE SAGUENAY, GuS 


‘of the water, through which there is a channel about one hundred and 
twenty feet deep, lies across the mouth of the Saguenay, within which 
the depth increases to eight hundred and forty feet, so that the bed of 
the Saguenay is absolutely six hundred feet below that of the ‘St. Law- 
rence {ato which 4t falle @ depth which in preserved: satay rallenitip 
the river. So extraordinary a feature could only occur in a rocky 
country, such as is found in some purts of Canada, where the beauties 
‘of nature are displayed in their wil dest form. ‘The course of the tide, 
meeting with resistance from the rocks at the mouth of the Saguenay, 
occasions a violent rippling, or surf, which is much increased and ex- 
ceedingly dangerous to boats during the ebb tide, The extraordinary 
depth of the river, and the total want of information concerning it, has 
given rise to an idea ee credulous fishermen, of its in 
many parts unfathomable. 





‘is effect is admissible on uninformed 
minds, for there is always an appearance of mystery about a river when 
its water is even discoloured so as to prevent the from being seen, 
and the delusion is here powerfully assisted by the lofty overshndorr- 
tae peschooes of either shore. 

‘ollowing the course of the river upwards, it preserves a wile 
direction to the distance of about sixty miles, in some parts about half 
a mile broad, in others expanding into small lnkes, about two miles 
across to their borders being interspersed with a few low islands, In 
the narrow parts of the river, the depth at the distance of a few yards 
from the precipice forming the bunk, is six hundred feet, und in the 
middle of the river it increases to nearly nine hundred. It is, as yet, 
only known to the few fur-traders who den] with the native Indians, 
ro the salmon fishermen who frequent its banks. These latter have 
erected some small huts on the narrow muddy banks left in some parts 
Uetween the water and the precipice, in which we were glad to seek 
shelter on our way up the river with our boat. On the night before 
our arrival at Chieotimy, we encamped on the bank, and, as we bad 
imagined, out of the reach of the tide, In the course of the night, 
however, our fancied iat vanished, by the appearance of the water 
in our tent, and we were suddenly awoke by its noise beneath us, our 
beds being fortunately off the ground. hk our condition was 
by no meuns free from danger, the scene that ensued was sufficiently 
ludicrous. We were in total darkness, the water was nearly knee- 
deep in our tent, and in attempting to find the exit, we encountered 
various articles, such as trunks, canteens, and other ee ert 
inimical to our design. At Jengtl however, on gaining the outsi¢ 
of the tent, we had the satisfaction ‘of: dlecovering our boat riding By 
her anchor close to us, the rope by which she was moored having 
allowed her to swing, All dry land had disappeared in the darkness 
of the night, au = 





© Oue wide water all around us, 
All above us one black sky,” 


soemed to be literally vorifid. A. gale of wind whioh was blowing 


from the north-east, accompanied violent rain, had occasioned the 
water to rise above its usual level, Our first consideration was how 


a 





in. civilis at native Late a is y 7 
ie @ Indians, and is anau: ‘init a 
bhp eta 
area Sk pom and the mouth of the river, A fine tract 
commences here, intersected by several rivers issuing : 
Joba, distant about sixty-seven miles farther to the westward. — 
little communication which is carried on with this Jake is, by means of 
these rivers, in bark eanoes, and batteaux, the flat-bottomed boats of 
the country ; but it is subject to much interruption from the or 
ene ate naetene i vid ae ee ‘The tide 
of eoigraion is rece ta this querer, and wall na doubt shortly 
heur of a flourishing settlement on the borders of Lake St.John. ‘The 
Segueuny fits, steoed colobrated ax having aferdedia some 
shipa of th squadron, at memorable si ‘ c, 

under Gen, Wolfs, as if tatended to facilitate the colonisation of that 
country, will then prove of the utmost importance for the conveyance 
of its surplus produce, by means of steam-vessels, to the St. Lawrence, 
from thence to be re-shipped for the foreign market. 

‘The old aystem of exclusion, which so long prevuiled in the central: 
Eas Anierica some few: years since, seems to have 

with uninterrupted quietness. Known only toa few 

whose interest it was wo represent the country of the Sagu as 
rocky and barren, that they might enjoy the benefit of the 
fur trade, it was not until within two or three years ite real 
character became known. All that had hitherto been told of it, was about 
its sterile nature, and mysterious tales of the depth and dangers of the 
river, which the Sees of its entrance tended but too much to 
confirm. All this had the desired effect; but the charm is at: 
broken, and the sterility of the country, as well us the i oFror 
of the river, are already dissipated by a statement of facts laid before 
the House of Assembly at Quebec. appears to have been customary 
hitherto to let the country to individuals for terms of twenty-one years, 
and the time for a renewal of the lease being at hand, two public 
spirited persons, the Messrs. Tach’, of Kamouraska, who have re 
aided there, have nears Sf ite hich po 
government to send an exploring party for the purpose of investigating 
their aoc in Cece of last tioer. The report of this commis~ 
sion is as favoural as was expected. it uppeared ut length im the 
first volume of the Transactions of the Literary and Historical Seckety 
of Quebeo, ia a ‘on the Saguenay country, from which we are in= 
duced to snake the following extracts, as a conclusion to the above fer 


4 











A CRUISE UP THE SAGUENAY, 697 


“ The Saguenay is navigable by vessels of any size for a distance of twenty- 
two or twenty-three leagues to Ha Ha Bay, and by vessels of large dimensions 
for five or six leagues higher up to Chicotimy. 

«The harbour of Tadousae would contain, it is said, twenty-five ships of war. 
The following harbours, there is reason to believe, are to be found between Ta- 
dousae and Chicotimy. 

“At La Boulle, about two leagues above Tadousac, is a good harbour for 
vessels against the north-west winds on the north-east bank of the Saguenay ; 
and a good harbour for boats on the south-west side, ata place called L’Ance- 

.-Barque. 

“ At three leagues from Tadousac, at the place called La Passe-pierres, is a 
good harbour for schooners against north-west winds. 

“ At the bay St, Etienne, about two leagues from La Boulle, is a good har- 
bour against north-west winds ; and opposite this bay is the Bay A la Grosse 
Roche, which is a good harbour for shipping. 

“ On the anne side of the river is the bay’ Ollgpermuche, with a good harbour 
for boats; and at a small distance from it the Ance-aux-Foins, having a good 
harbour for schooners. Opposite the Ance-aux-Foins is the river St. Marguerite, 
distant six leagues from Tadousac, having a good harbour against all winds. 

“ About seven leagues from Tadousac is the island of St. Louis, having a good 
harbour at each of its extremities. 
acid, lease higher, we come to the river Petit Saguenay, which bas = good 

rbour. 
hadpHlaifa teague higher are the istands Cocard and Barthelemy, having a ood 

arbour. 

“A little higher is the Bay of St. John, a good harbour against all winds, 

“ Higher up is the Bay du Rude, a very good harbour. 

< Opposite La Trinité, isthe Bay & YAviron, a good harbour. 

« La Descente des Femmes, a good harbour for ships. 

« Ta Grande Pointe, a good harbour. 
« Ta Ha Bay, an excellent harbour.” 





FAREWELL TO INDIA, 
May, 1826. 

Now cheerly on, my gallant ship, my Indian course I've run, 

‘And for a happier climate quit the regions of the sun: 

But though my prospects give content, and though my heart be gay, 

I think on those with whom I’ve spent full many a happy day. 

Some friends I leave behind me, and some are gone before, 

‘And some within the cold, cold earth, are laid to rise no more. 

T’ve tasted sorrow’s bitter cup, I’ve sunk in hopeless woe ; 

I've had a friend to lift me up, and I have had my foe. 

The foe I now forgive—but the friend I'll ne'er forget 5 

‘And haply I may live to reward him for it yet. 

Oh! may he noi, but if he should e’er want the friendly deed, 

Not mine the hand that could refuse a welletried friend in need. 

India} thou st seen me part take in many a reel and row 3 

‘Thou hast given me many a heart-ache and many a head-ache too: 

But as I would not part unkind, and you would make amends, 

Take care of those I leave behind, and we'll continue friends. 

To those I leave behind me, along and deat farewell 

In my true heart and mind they shall ever, ever dwell. 

May no misfortune light upon the worthiest and the best! 

But every prospect brighten on, and Home be their's at last. 

‘ADOLESCENS, 

U.S. Journ, No. 18. June, 1830. Qz 





G98 
oa 
GENBRAL SIR HEW DALRYMPLE, BART. 
prec ipbed Otel ieee ~ 
Ma, Eorror, 
fresnel 
Tnquiry ns ne Convention in rious T think the 
utters of histor; to the Lb 
Pet areiraqetat ton tod nesta ae ose Hew Daeg = 
have the honour to 
oir Son aaa 


ALS. 
Pavk-street, Grosvenor-square, May 10th, 1830. 


In 1806, Licut-Gen. Sir Hew Dalrymple was honoured with His 
Majesty's commands to proceed to Gibraltar, and take’ himself 
the command of that garrison, where he arrived in the of Noven 
ber. The communication with Spain was open et he 
which circumstance, of necessity, led to a 
Cavin si ‘who .conamended 5 in the Spanish lines, and foal 
confidence arose between them. In the 
Teo B07 lance boos “Gf. French troopa Baring enteral Egil 
clared purpose of attacking Gibraltar, ‘Gon. Castafiox received | 
a ee pease to prohibit all communication with the 
and as fur ag jo to prevent any rupplies from 
Sir Hew never failed pape che to His Mi 's n 
the earliest and best intelligence he could obtain of the 
Spain at this interesting period; but on the 8th of itn 
arrival of a confidential agent from Gen. Castatiog, to inform 




























it reports a new 
: iy ae ni i 


and tho Prince of the Asturias been constrained to fly, he 

to have token refuge at Algesiras, and from thence to have 

over to Gibraltar; reposing entire confidence in the i 
English nation, strengthened by the personal cansideraticn ' 
wis Aer ors ce oor 
Sra Lalli da at aaa 

prescat Baronet, ‘daughter of Sir Janes Graban 


tho only da iar fhe lt Si Jstaee Grain, ME for Cai z 
Sandford Graham, Bart—En. 








CENERAL SIR JEW DALRYMPLE, BART. 699 


known to subsist between Gen. Castafios and the officer commandi 
thut fortress. Sir Hew Dalrymple had un opportunity that ef day of 
communicating this curious and important intelligence to His Majesty's 
Government, at the same time stating his opinion, that th the 
sanguine hopes then entertained from the firm, or rather, as they 
selves described it, es ferocious paces af the S) = ish nation when 
roused into action by wrongs or insult, ent cir entertaining 
any fninediate ‘ebcbeaclacinn set sevens pei lianas ata pete te 
conld perceive that in such an extremity, Gibraltar would be the point 
to which the new King of Spain direct hix retreat, and 
he felt confident ke should be fulfilling the wish of the King in 
ing wn asylum to an illustrious fugitive from French seer yet 
beyond this point he should with diffidence and caution, if not 
first honoured with His Majesty's commands, Whatever were the views 
entertained by Gen. Castafios and the friends of the Spanish 1 
at that moment, they were frustrated by the unexpected joarney of 
Ferdinand VIL, to Bayonne. Many other important communicat 
with Gen, Castaiios aleatacedty took place, which, with the succes 
sion of events as they arose in Spain, were communicated by Sir Hew 
Dalrymple to Lord Castl ¢ but. notwithstanding urgent 
manner in which he had prayed for instruction in his important dis- 
patch of the 8th of ‘Apel |, no acknowledgment of any of these dis- 
patches reached Gibraltar until the 8th of June, ¥ 
Sir Hew Dalrymple was thus compelled to take upon himself a 
Jnrger share of responsibility than bas often fallen to the lot of any 
itish officer. He folt that the energy of the people in the South of 
Spain might bo damped, if ho did aot promptly and decidedly act. 
e therefore did not hesitate to afford that assistance to their cause 
which he was enabled to do from his command of the fortress of Gibrul~ 
tar, and by so doing he obtained thelr entire confidence. He had no 
doubt that his conduct would be viewed in the most favourable manner 
by his Sovereign, and that it must be the policy of the British Govern- 
ment to aida great nation in their resistance to the usurpation of Buo~ 
naparte ; but, nevertheless, he felt that he was acting without inntruc- 
tions, aud that for a consideruble time after His Majesty's Ministers 


Ms i 
every assistance to those with whom, when he last heard nal, 
she was ina state of war, His decided co-operation had enabled Gen. 
Custafios to withdraw the garrison of Ceuta, and a timely loan from the 
merchants of Gibraltar had assisted that General in putting his troops 
in motion from the camp of Alj ‘He had also sent the 
under the orders of Major-Gon. Spencer, who had been destined 
another service, to join Admiral Boreis by i 
junction with the British squadron, to assist the operations of the S| 
nixh army, should their services have been required. (Gen. Custatlon 





i 
i 


tand who, in consequence of the information be transmit 
the fleet off Toulon the end of May, to resume his 
Cadiz. Those who 


| 


700 GENERAL SIR HEW DALRYMPLE, BART. 


see Decree pees afer 
to the sense of obligation that was governments, 
and by th Ne at large, to th Gibraltar. ‘They 

if for tls meristensn Gen he Goer of Gita Ty fh 


that, but for 

situation to fight the battle of Baylon ; they felt that he w 

merely a zealous advocate for the svcred cause they had 

but that in him the Spanish le had a friend to whom 

ook with confidence. “Nor were Hix Majesty's Ministers ins 

the services Sir Hew Dalrym, jee rendered to his country, — 

they found that tho aeaiee of peepee of Spain were roused ogainst 

es invaders, ah ie were dare ae bape ie ned 
wir assistance, F joaty was vit to 

hale oer, i Tanieaty poe tari to ea of J om 

letter from Lord Se aequainting him that His Ma 

approving the zeal a igment which had marked the 

conduct, under the late important events which had aes rie in 

Spain, had been iously pleased to entrust to him for 

the chief command of his forces to be employed in 

with Sir Harry Burrard as second in command; the icc ee 

garrison of Gibraltar being entrusted, during his absence, 

noxt in comm; But before Sir How Dalrymple could 

fortress, the arrival of Prince Leopold of Sicily, on board 1a 

line-of-battle ae oes by the Sere: peter for the 

avowed purpose of offering himself as Regent of ‘the eap- 

tivity of her Bourbon monurch, again called or the. ju 

delicate interference of Sir Hew, who pointed out the mischievous cou~ 

sequences that he thought would attend such a which was 

therefore given up by Prince Leopold, and the Duke of 

ceeded to England. a 
On the 13th of Aug. u 

fin the main body of the troops that were coming from England wadee 

liverance of Portugal from the French, under Junot, as a 

step to the principal object of rt Cal in ee, let eres 

Charles Cotton, who was off the T: enn teat the Russian fleet 

which had tuken refuge in that part sir foe pa Dalry rmpleya e 

ing towards the rendezvous at Mon afi een 

gence that a victory had that moraing oa re 

at Vimiera by Sir Arthur Wellesley; and 

having left the reinforcements from England Danas 


at Mondego Bay, had Janded and taken the command of the: 
shore. ‘The defeated Fronch bad retired to the position in 


» It then became the duty of 
























prariae morning of the 22d of ‘ua and having o 
with Sir Harry Burrard and Sir Arthur Wellesley at the b 
ters at Maceira, and given directions for the advance of 
daybroak on the 23d, was proceeding to Sir Arthur Well 


GENERAL SIR HEW DALRYMPLE, BART. Ww 


ters at Vimiera, about half 2 distant, when he was informed 
that Gea, Kellerman had arrived with a fig of truce from Junot. 
The object of his mission was to propose, on the part of the General 
in-Chief of the French army, a suspension of hostilities, in order to 
settle a definitive convention for the evacuation of Portugal by the 
French troops, with their arms and baggage. LientGenerals Sir 
Harry Burrard and Sir Arthur Wellesley assisted in the discussions 
which: took place upon thn acon and Bir Hew Dalrymple, (who 
had not been four hours on shore,) adopted the measure, because it 
was thought advisable to allow the French to evacuate Portugal with 
their arms and 10, and that every facility should be given them 
for that purpose, from the relative state of the armies, on the @ 

of the } considering that the French had then resumed a formii 
able position between us and Lisbon, that they had the means of retir= 
ing from that position to others in front of that city, and, finally, of 
crossing the "Tagus into Alentejo, with w view to the occupation’ in 
pace! of Elvas, La Lippe, and eventually Almeida, and that the 





French troops were in fuet at that moment in military ponaein of 
the ope oF Portugal, except the ground on which the British army 
stood. 


The Convention was negotiated at Lisbon by Lieut.-Colonel, now Sir 
George Murray, one of his Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, 
and being concluded upon the basis agree upon at Virniera, was rati- 
fied by Sir Hew Dalrymple ot the head-quarters at ‘Torres Vedras. 
The a guined by it were immediately acted ae The 
Buffs and 42d Regiment, which had arrived and were with Sir Cha: 
Cotton's fleet, were consequently landed, and took possession of the forts 
which command the entrance of the Tagus, where the Russians still 
remained blockaded; and the army also, Passing formidable position 
thus ceded by the French, advanced towards Lisbon. 

‘The dispatch inclosing the convention was, by these early mover 
ments, forwarded from the head-quarters at Cintra, in the cantonments: 
which had been obtained by its provisions, From this circumstance, 
the convention improperly derived the name of the Convention of Cin 
tra, adding thereby an erroneous cause of misrepresentation and blame 
to the whole transaction ; for few events have ever taken place in the 
history of this country thut have created so strong & sensation as this 
memorable convention. The Government of the country itself had 
formed an erroneous opinion of the strength of the French army, and 
the country they still occupied after their defeat at Vimiera, and ex 
erted themselves but little to allay the popular ferment, Whilst 
things were thus proceeding in England, Sir Hew Dalrymple was 


putting into execution, according to the strictest wretation, the 
stipulations of the convention, and had sent Gon, and 
Lord se as Commissioners to Lisbon for that purpose. He had 
also the difficult task of arranging the Government Here 


h Teft to lis own discretion, Tiis Alajesty’s Mishters, nat 
fruasie’ the tease and eats Uberaion of the Mien sf Por 


702 GENERAL SIR HEW DALRYMPLE, BART. 


the landing of Sir Arthur Wellesley; they bad lg rege 
«Bre sia jooal 3 Junta of Government ae eee phir 


direct from England. Sir Hew Dalrymple thought it his 
dct Hv but, ct lo phicmet ll to re-establish 


encourage 
gral be dine, che Hogesy at Lisiow appointed by the 
ree ng nee Orc eee 

Ino cori wae a een i aelerer he 


Regene the va 
Hons Dalryinp Little thought that the iced presi 
the Junta of Oporto would be attended to by the Government at 
home, in ition to the strong ussurances of support and 
Hance in his judgment, that he had received from his ‘6 Mi 
nisters through ete He, therefore, ly i 
his course, and when he received his order of recall the 
his command were in a state to advance inte 
fax as was compatible with the uncertainty vi “rlich he was: eft by his 
instructions, us to whether it should be his Majesty's pleasure that 
they should proceed by land, or embark for the north of Spain, for 
which latter purpose an ample number of copper-bottomed transports 
‘were at anchor in the aga. 

Lord William Bentinck had been selected and sent by him to com 
cert with Gen. Custufios and the Spanish Generals at id, the 
of fature operations, and to make arrangements for the supply 
army if it should enter Spain. Brigadier-Gen. Anstruther, 
been sent to superintend cea evacuation of Almeida by the 











had orders to obtain every information, should the army 
enter Spain by that route, eto Sir ‘Sir John Hope was ordered to 

with a considerable body of :, an advanced position towards 

where Colonel Graham re Lynedoch) had been 

sent to remonstrate with the iah General Galazzo, on the 


Sel throwing in the way of the evacuating oF that forteeas by tia 
nc 

‘The last act of Sir Hew Dulrymple’s command, even after he had 
received his order of recall, was to equip and embark on board British 
Se 4,000 
the Tagus by the 
quest, in which he was supported by Gen, Galluazo, to join the 
of croie together with 10,000 stand of arms for the use of th 


On Sir Hew Dalrymple’s arrival in England, a Court of 
was ordered, to read into the Convention. bri 

is unnecessary to say more upon this pote than to vena 
although tea majority of the Court approved of the 

unanimoush seal there was no cause for further 

although jurry Burrard returned to the staff of 0 
district, which he iad left to go to Portugal ; sail pes 
lesley was sent to assume the command zal, 
where he was destined to prove, by his glorious defence of the lines 





nish troops, who had been ia in ships on 
by Bi to send them fra riers 


‘a 


GENERAL SIR HEW PALEENB LS BART. 3 


Spanish and Portuguese nations : Se ee ey a oe 
tion of he had not merited, and which was the more unex~ 
pected, as Lord Casth had declined Inying before the Board some 
important documents, rth others those which hud reference 
to the views and proceedings of 

being irrelevant to vias mite of ii pnue 5 and also a let 

self to Sir Hew Dalrymple, dated 

following sentence: “In the mean time, and whilst the necessary mea 
oe pursuing to collect pom, I trust you will not hesitate 
to use the full discretion with which you have been invested, in such 
manner as your own excellent judgment aasaee eee ‘out to ie to be for 
the a cantaes, of his Majesty's service, w. deeming it necessary 
to wait for authority or instructions from home ; and I can safely assure 
you that you will find, not only in me but in my colleagues, the most 
sincere and cordial disposition to support you in the exercise of a re- 
sponsibility, which I am persuaded you will not sbrink from in any 
instance, where the good othe vervicy may be promoted by your aeking 
without reference home." Sir Hew had withdrawn these documents 
from nmongst those he had himself submitted to the court, su) 

that the Government did not wish them to be made public; and litt 
dreaming that that part of his conduct on which they denied him in- 
vestigution, was to be the ground of heavy censure—to deprive him 
of the command at Gibraltar, and any active rae tion in that. 
fession which lad been the pride and the oceupation of above 
years of his life. 

Sir Hew Dalrymple had soon the satisfaction of observing a hee 
in the public pial as to the wisdom of the convention for the eva- 
euation of Portugal, and he subsequently received vome praying 
marks of Royal favour, particularly in 1814) when honorary 
were conferred wy oae officers who had distis a emasltes 
during the war, His Royal Highnoss the Princo 

otal ales to create him a Baronet, as Afni ipeatal a ae 


ite never doubted, that, when the subject of the convention in Por 

tugal, and the share he had in the transactions of that period should 
ieee = males EY eer due ieee would be ere be 

FR ong expectation in Dr, 
Southey’s and Colonel Novier's Thawrie of the P War 
works tase must be referred to by the future historian, and the Tatter 
of which, from being written by an oficer of distinction, ani 
such evident marks of talent and roilitary science, must ever be 
‘a classical work by his profeasion, 


lo 


104 é 


a 
SERVICK APLOAT DURING THE LATE wart 


DEING THE PERSONAL NAIMNATIVE OF A NAVAL OFTICER® 
NELSON AND THR COMBINED PLEBTH. —p 
Ow the 26th of January, just as we were vee oy ta 








‘Downs on another eruise, an order was 
ship N—, fitting out at Wei eae 


Utrecht, an old Dutch eee 
the port, aud bore the eli, of Vi 
other supernum ih an ae was a ey 
my late ei in oy who, in the 
having been left on sl oT 
Baba 




















xperience, would, at an earlier 

as wT betre ea we 50 lamentably deficient in this ‘useful 
service, have been a desirable reinforcement, as he then 

tively have supplied the duty, as he effectually m 
in our little berth, (six feet and a-half by five,) of two or three 

sized “ reefers.” In his uniform, of provincial cut, which 

spoke th green-horn, and in full panoply, with his belt 
his portly curcase, @ fa Falstaff, his whole appearance 
came ussociuted with the grotesque reminisveuces of that 
of the olden time, as portrayed 2. 

‘This, with the gaucherie of one who had not yet * go 
‘on bourd,” and seemed altogether out of his clement, harmo 
Untle with that well-known badge of many an embryo 
weekly account, as the luxuriant lets of sweet sixteen 
waving over the wrinkles of age and erapitude cr adoll in 
of my grandmother. And now, when placed in 
the swarm which surrounded him of the more iol of | 0 class, 
whom, unlike the sister service, the idea of boy! 
is commonly associated, the incongruity see dict 
ing, that it will not be-wondered at that he should bi have 
mark for the jokes, practical and otherwise, so much in_vog 
theve mischief-making and laughter-loving denizens of 
who, always alive to the ridiculous, seize on a prominent 
liarity with a singular acuteness of discrimination, 
sume time with some uppropriate or whimsical 
hero was already well knowa among the squadron 
fant. Among the thousand and one tricks const 





* Continued frees page 546. 


| 


- 


SERVICE AFLOAT DURING THE LATK WAR. 705 


ordeal to which in the good old times a new comer was exposed, there 
wos the lanyard cutting, which, like a stroke of logerdemain, at once 
twansfers the snorer from the horizontal to the vertical, or hsply from 
his downy couch to the hard deck. ‘The sluicings by which the unfor= 
tunate novice awoke from his peaceful slumbers, and from some do- 
lightful vision of the rich domains and Vinenee salons of his father's, 
by a deluge of cold water on his devoted head, starts wildly up 
in his hammock, impressed with the notion of drowning, and strikes out 
manfully to the cry of “ Heave him a rope!” “ w rope !" 
through the submarine regions of the orlop. And then therewas the 
ecourts-martial, with the eobbings, and all their concomitant pranks 
and drolleries, ‘These and many other gambols, of which the seaery 
is fast fading away, were now played off on our Infant. When 
bore the above tribunal of the elders wf te mess for eartsin infmo- 
tions real or su ; rlesque inquiry, acco to the forme 
orc by pees code, geunalip eeaainate’ p finding the 
lelinquent guilty, and adjudging the penalty of cobbing. ‘This, 
over, war net eal carried fale exeontion, ead’ ths dénsuement of ke 
highly ludicrous farce sometimes threatened to become tragical. When 
standing ut bay, like a huge bear beset with whelps, ax he resisted 
the host of urchins, constituting the marine gens-d'armerie, appointed 
for the purpose, woe to the unlucky wight wis came within the 
of his ponderous clutches. On these and other similar occasions, what 
droll scenes, whut “ jibes and jokes that were wout to set the cockpit 
in « roar,” and occasionally seasoned with the true attic salt too, 
have [ not witnessed in this and other ships; and although this sj 
of licence may not at all times, when the joke is carrivd too far, be 
strictly defensible, allowance must be made for the ebullitions of 
juvenile vivacity, concentrated by the circumscribed limits of its 
action, For in morals, as in physics; the animal spirits sometimes 
but ferment by evercion or restraint, and burst forth, where they find 
a vent, with an elasticity und force in the ratio of the endeavours 
made to compress them. “Chis faint but real eketch of Jifo in a cock~ 
Preih) or ts ‘e tates wey tier. aes eho petites 
growth, w! our Infant, either mistake their 
and not a few there have been, who forming « false estimate of their. 
capabilities, but too late rue the day when they quitted thelr mo- 
ther’s apron-string—or those who in like manner may make their 
début in it at so late a period as to render their ultimate success more 
than problematical. For as the old song says, “ D'ye mind me, a sai-~ 
lor shonld be every inch all as one ux a piece of the ship," und the 
time has been when both officer and tar, real ‘ Hearts of onk,’ might 
well have been considered such ; but they ean rarely be so unless the 
it dual enters the profession at an age when the ductile mind rea~ 
» dily yielding to, and imbibing new i can without an effort 
conform itself to every vicisaitude and change; making its home us 
‘well on the mountain wave, as the Jandsman’s on the mountain shore = 








in ‘short, to Ll yl Paap neecrtie. — 

uni it is necessary to be reared ax hosdshpe, vale 
Sen ead taeee TAGne Wad sli and abrendy 

he evinced evident of for the rash experiment 

which he bad been tempted to make. 


106 SERVICE APLOAT 
In abont a fortnight, ipo sigs pn occurring, by the Dart sloop 


apis in ber to the Noro, whore 
eR i ar apt Pte br he dad 


Port-Admiral at Sheerness, and was the general dept 


vy" i 
it from time to time to mg te nay eae 

(tie sae eg Tie io 

Every now en cargoes arri) 

from the Thames, were consigned to this evan 


confounded in one heterogeneous mass, 
conditions: the comleted delinquent of theft, 
commuted to the honour of serving in his 01 
compliment to the profession at abesrecto, Sos the an ath athletic smug 
gler whose peosive and abetrected, hough determined, als, so 

with folded arms the deck, forms a sy pee pet 
pcr secoraacteregoar toni Rinne 

he, tiswwexers Sep w Serta depredations 


ue 
He 
it 
rh 


guns, courting apis not oan “pete in all the silent = 
and eloquence of grief and despair, the Kidnapped father of a 


denly away, gnd, perhaps, about to be exiled from 


ever 
In Seep of the uncertain tenour of a. Tener in this chip—the. 


stay of each individual being at the mercy of Llp pom 
rope iney spolintions of the menage on Tciiege ant as well 
sional depredations of the light-fingered gentry, eH a a. 


of habit, still continuing to labour ia their vocation, 
man, thought it no sin “ to pick up the wee things that abe th 








decks"—the accoumodations for supernumeraries of every 

midshipmen, warrant, or ry officer, were but of a very et 

and seurvy description. Happy was he who, dicharged at 2 at ae 

dubious of hours for hungry supernumeraries, noon, could 

arrival, after no small contention at the shoo pe of the viet " 
ing tment with Jack o' the Dust, or the 

dicate his claim to tutions for the dey, and niin th 

in time for supper, succeed by dint of hard words in 

amid the univer strife end confusion in the aes lig 





pm or an introduction to some of the warrants or petty — 


=| 


DURING ‘THR LATE WAR. 107 


they might be accommodated per favour in their messes. On makii 
the very natural inquiry om my arrival of where 1 was to mess, 
after an interval spent in vainly exploring the gun-roam, and the dise 
mal unillumined submarine orlop, at the risk my head or 
my neck in its intricate navigation, by running foul of stan 
chions, bullehends, or cordage, for some le token of the mid- 
shipman’s domicile, withont having caught a glimpse of one solitary 
weekly account ;” some one at length took me forward to the fore- 
cockpit : here groping our way, as well as the dubious light from the 
fore-hatchway permitted, to the starboard wing, we da bulke 
head, a door in which my conductor pointed out as the entrance to the 
berth appropriated to supernumeraries of my : this admitted 
us into a narrow cul de sac, or blind alley, the exact width of the 
door, about three feet, extending uthwart to the side of the shi 

‘At the extremity of this den dimly glimmered the ins of a 
“ purser’s moon,” stack in a quart bottle, the neck and sides of which 
were enamelled by the luxuriant streame occasioned by the of 
its long and unsnuffed wick, The doubtful radiance which 
though barely sufficient to “render darkness visible” at one end of the 
apartment, was sufficient in that in which it was placed to show that 
no lavish expenditure in the ornamental had ever made, neither 
did it disclose greater portion of the useful. The whole was in 
that rigid style of pate simplicity, which scorning the aid of art 
to embellish, seemed with a truly ascetic taste at no smi veins to de- 
face, and, with a. ae mab entirely to exclude all those re~ 
finements of modern, fury, Stel ered chose degenerate days of 
steam and intel Progression, 3@ much among the necessary con- 
veniences of life, as to be met with more or less in the hovels of the 
meanest paupers. Nor table, nor chair, bench or shelf was there; a 
large billet of wood placed on end, the original purpose of which seemed 
to have been vither a butcher's block, or the pedestal of the armourer's 
anvil, occupied the place of the former, and two or three rusty 
nails served some purposes of the latter. By certain mouldering tol 
of a dingy white remaining about the upper parts, and from time to 
time peeling off, it appeared that the interior had once been white. 
washed. But this the constant it from the burning of oil and 
candles had long since replaced with a more permanent huo; and 
overhead the beams, carlines, and deck, were variegated with sundry 
hieroglyphics, and black patches, wantonly executed by its ever 
aes But for the honour of the profession, think not 





jh uninitiated reader, that this is to be considered as a 





the es of all thie, and were even embellished by the as 
“well as the painter's art. 

At the extreme end of this truly unearthly abode, within the flickering 
halo of the beforementioned “ glim,” seated on a trank, sel eas 


leaning over the aforesaid table, “' like Patience on a monument,” 
nate oe eT ee No ceremony of introduction was neces~ 

a) emagonry circumstances: at 
Rome and while we merry some Dotted. eof. en 


a 
708 SERVIC APLOAT 


ries of teeth, fingers, and the occasional Ioan of my new mess. 
mate's knife, I 


necommodation, which 
sea later pester of lifo might be regarded as serious evils, they were 


thought of but as matter of merriment. 





tigued and half-froeen—for it was a bitter wintry day in the | 
February, and I was outside the coach without be - 
treasury was fast ebbing. The packet not suiling till the 
morning at four, T was fain to sit ap until the momei 
At length, in utter darkness, and in a thick fag, that see. 
ing beyond pur noses, we tool our departure. Misfortunes 
alone. We had only proceeded a few miles down, when we ran | 
in the mud near Gillingham, and stuck fast. On c 
no frigate was to be seen, and as T could not return to the: 
that day, it was necessary in the mean time to se 
quarters, for 1 stood in need of both food and rest, but by this | ¢ 
coc of my = shilling had Heese it 80 oe water with : 
that I was completely aground, the very picture of a Midshipman in 
distress ;" and a bY fais the wind,” 1 ph fain to make: at 
that fiend in need, my Uncle” of the Golden Balls, 
conscientious iborality that distinguishes the : 

















on the 
coal-hole, T found the ship had been obliged, by 
put back to Gravesend, and she did not arrive until two or t] 
after, 
‘The N—— was one of the class of small th 
built of fir, and hastily run up at this period:—the N— 
space of six weeks from Inying down her keel. Bilt; as 1 


DURING THE LATE WAR. 109 


were, for experiment, the result eae no means of a —— to i 
an sanguine expectations that pesjestars might have 
Of their capabilities as men of war. This ship, although from the first ~ 
supplied with am extra ion of ballast, on leaving Gravesend 
proved so crank, that it was found necessary to put back and wait more 
moderate weather; on arriving at the Nore, it was thought oxpe- 
dient to take her into Sheerness harbour, where all her masts were 
reduced, and an additional supply of ballast taken in, Few could 
be less qualified for the purposes of war. ‘These Sei og 
at that time influenced but little either my waking or sleeping dreams, 
Twas satisfied with the immediate advantages of the change into a I 
ship, and was much too agreeably occupied with the present to trou! 
myself about the chance on some squally night of “turning the turtle,” 
as Jack facetiously calls upsetting, or other fature eontingenei 

‘The required alterations detained us a fortalght in the Medway. 
When these were completed, and the crew paid their wages, we pro- 
ceeded on to Spithead, where we remained a few days, and after a 
boisterous passage down Channel, reached the Cove of Cork, where a 
convoy was assembling, which we were destined to take charge of to the 
West Indies, Adverse winds, and the tardy arrival of some of the 
ships, detained us in this place a few weeks. At length, on the 23d of 
March, the whole, consisting of two hundred and fifty sail of merchant 
ships, weighed with o fair wind, and by sunset were clear of the hurbour. 

‘ew spectacles are more striking of animating than a numerous eon 

voy like this in motion, stretching far and wide as the eye cam reach, 
and spreading “ their white bosoms” to the gale as they scud before it, 
* the dullest sailer wearing proudly now ;” while in the curling foun 
of the wave, ploughed up by each dashing prow, shoals of porpoises 
and roll a-head, or, contending in the raco al le, the grompus,, 
the bonnetta, or the dolphin, alternately exhibit their fins above the 
water, contrasting their brighter hues with the purple of ocean. 
Ever und anon swan of dyingsihy shinning ebeir wealy tyrant, 
emerge from the deep, and skim their évanescent flight along the sur- 
face through the froth of many a breaking billow, as the sun's rays, re— 
fracted through the snowy spray, exhibit all the prismatic colours of 
the rainbow: or in light winds, the little nautilus, with 
Se his transparent suil ; or that constant attendant of the calm 
and of smooth seas, our old friend and never-failing visitor the shark, 
with his faithful attendants the diminutive pilot-fish. Of the ravenous 
vorncity of this hyeas ofthe deep, I have witnessed i 


instances, One io kadk been pam 


ing as usual under the stern in a calm, idee whatsoever or whom- 





opnle he pet HERS eee forts from. 
he returned once more to his own element. Although 
mouth of this animal must have been lacerated in 

gle, the bait was no sooner put over board again, than it was attacked 


mo SERVICE APLOAT 





EE 
5 
E 
E 
F 
z. 
i 


by ee 
to their several destinations. Here we learned the arrival of the 
bined French snd ish fleets, under Villeneuve, which had re 
Martinico on the 14th; and not many days after, we 
experiencing a somewhat disagreeable confirmation of this m 
falling foro thelr head Ow eur way from 8. 


‘off anal vba 2 800 
‘them cruisir that island, were still to | 
for Ioagantdotat ia ths oaraiog) aa asooo ot a 

saved us, as it was evident we must have passed through 


hem. Once in this bay, we continued to be so closely 1, t 
‘was no easy matter to get out again. ‘The ship was 
and we were content to wait a more favourable oppartunity fo 

no few days the enemy's movements coinciding with 
mation received of a premeditated attack on the , or the ab 
the bay, we tock up a more favourable position. The mar : 
sent on shore to join the garrison, and the seamen of nerclus 
ships to man the batteries at the Cabritts, where, under the | 
superintendence and —_ of the Leda Gen. Sir Gor re 
‘vost, evi aration was lc to give the enemy a warm 
In fact, at daybght of the 6th of Jia nba assumed & 
cal und more threatening aspect. ‘The whole combined fleet. 
fone aail of the line andl four or five frigates, appeared off 
little more than gan-shot distance, und us no one doubted 
all wore on the alert, and with a corresponding interest 
denouement of the scene. It being a dead calm, they reu 
same position motionless off the anchorage the part of th 
and as the want of wind apparently prevented the farther 1 
ment of events, every fresh token ats awakening breeze, a6 | 
then a faint air from the valleys rippled the smooth suri 
waters, was anxiously watched, 

At Tenet ‘between three and four P.m. here eto 
which filled the sails of the enemy's ships, and which, 
very nearly akin to dikappointment, we saw them avail 
to make all sail to the northward. This was soon accounted 














Bar Secinad par ule oeaianeones t 
ere he only remained just lo: to complete b 
ombark two thousand ae ntdes Gen. Myers, c 
quarters, if any where, he reasonably expected to be fur 


DURING THE LATE WAR. m1 


Pcie ererpagt tender sabnc? mpee ly bewildered and led 
to believe the enem: were at Trinidad, the 
eatreoe sot sefeeatahe ee) a ene when in 


a S vil sees ithe dieccion Ute crane 
them, and it was on their return from the fruitless search, we 
Peet et any feo see enceenn ot EOL en rea ‘Thus 
was five or six day ‘own away 3 an interval, which, employed as it 
should have been by an enterprising enemy, might have been produc~ 
tive of serious events. But, thanks to their supineness, they did not 
fit by our errors. With a force that insured uncontrolled comand 
in these seas, their inactivit eae they ihr mien comet ne a 
rs had elapsed, and all 
reduction, after a protracted peter deinen ere ed part of the 
litele garrison, a sloop-of-war’s ae of seamen, under Com- 
ey Morris—of Diamond Rock.* Up to the moment of our 
appearance, all traces of the enemy's fleet had 
ours under easy sail, waiting intelligence from the shore. That which 
we so opportunely brought, was therefore highly welcome; snd no 
sooner was it communicated, than the whole fleet i in sailing order, was 
pace a cloud of canvass in pursuit, a 
can be imogined finer and more im ‘than the appears 
ance mechs superb fleet, sailing in compact wets two lines At 
this moment, it consisted of thirteen sail of the line and four frigates, 
and the uniformity of the whole, every ship being bern the same, 
their right yellow chequer-paintad sides, reflecting like burnished 
gold the rays Ae ic sun, produced, as they gl i ical 
Tridovistinpiy aloo  pathless way, a highly stcking Brey 
ship was in #) eet admirable ition and state of discipline 5 
thirteen to twenty-one was somewhat odds, such was 
the confidence in our naval suj ‘ity und the hero coe commands 
whose very name was a host, that there was not the smallest disineli- 
nation to try the remult-of = brash. 


Jn 8 J 's Rends, Antigua, the flect anchored for the of 
pee taken on board at Barbadoes ; these ig di 
bited fato the cumberiad 7 "ah bearing he ine ‘of the 


der-in-Chief of the Leeward Island station, Sir Alexunder Cochrine, 
and eome smaller vessels, of which we were 05 his Lordship lost 
‘no time in following the or and the same evening, with twelve 
sail of ines bade is final adieu to the West Indies. ‘The next 


+i 





= 











ilar rock, sometimes callod rly Eel or, by the French, Esle de 
uarters of « milo diatant the southern shore of Mertinico : 





3. 


CAVALRY TACTICS. 
MOVEMENTS DY xea 


in the er of Bai pesgar, Xe , ae continue because we 
have ees the same road now, 

travelled it before, and Hieedless of the betas lesa! and cir- 
cuitousness of the favoured path, still obstinately toil ‘its course, 
unmindful of the ee which ore 

of the smooth ahd dltect Toute, Which Has Oeon traced by tha 

hands of our neighbours, and the testimony of those who x 
perienced its benefits ? 


re eyo will best prove its claims to euch 
a long continued Yy ‘os it is understood to occupy as con- 
ey ap the revision of the cot arin 8s 


the accurate 

and ne invention of teat. Dm with much 

judgment, preferring the mechanical to the mati mode of 

proh when set wat era, 

‘were, absolutely placed before us both men and harses, and to completo 
the representation has rendered them moveable.* 

By this skilful contrivance, the acct of which was established 


by actual measurement, we are furnished wh the brit data. 
‘That the extreme breadth of a mounted file fe two feet ‘inches, 
that the average length of honk ie eight feet tio inches chat 
intervals of Sx tached al Rab "fy aa 


inches. . 
The flank movement will also cause a trifling prolongation of the 

line which marked the fot pion ofthe le, tothe retin ty 

wie iele aol heh too experienced cavalry officer, that the 
low, it 

dlstance of ope foot the laches etraen ras, fs is torall oad 





© Vertical supreseatntions of six ee ee ee 
fel seen eg ee ee imreasarements of 
the wheat fire's al 
eae ty Liat Cat moO Bol Mr 1 
U.S. Jounx, No, 18, Jonr, 1890, 


m4 CAVALRY TACTICS. 


to the purposes of manceuvre, that with euch intervals the 
could not move, except by successive threes from the head 
Tumn, and that to possess sufficient space for a united 

a distance of at least two feet between each rank of mt 

be obtained, to effect which, the squadron must be prolonged either 

‘the front or rear, or both, which prolongation will cause an extension 





we he exendi hat be nel ios ceed fy Oe 
Lensi iat 
ag ean anes aa De ie Diet en ea 














officers and their coyerers will be pi ee after th 
‘squadron by threes to w flank, which may be Gases 
to Col. lonnel's re] tion of rank and filo, four 
to represent these officers and ecoverers: suppose then th 
ardered to wheel hy threes to the right. The lefts by 
the righty retire, the centres by threes regulating the 5 
the half squadron officers and coverers endeavour to 
‘own movements, If the figures be pat. in motion. 
shall find that for about one-eighth of the circle 
coverers are ennbled to move in directions 5 
files, and that soon after they have posted this oblique 
‘be found s0 cireumstanced, that if precision of mover 
they can scarcely avoid coming in contact with the ad 
and even allowing that this collision, owing to peer 
feos ofthe Fs fen aa beige hee peg 
vorses of the right flan! nik aaounesdation Linea 


unimpeded under the heads of their cig ly ond : 


mises cag bs ale toadvanes hen 

ss eet oe a jundron by 
flank, with files formed at the it ed fn 
Heer thoes a ooo re 
give a proportionate freedom between ranks, but even 
of eight inches, the that we have beard 
Goal make accented connected flank mo) u 
degree of rupidity, if, indeed, it could, without injury 
exceed a moderate walk. 


Flank marching by trees ic subject tothe very evils 0 
ank mart 
the cavalry ia. the time of Cuatles V. when eight 
re 


= | 


CAVALRY TACTICS. 5 


uselessly crowded a ench other.* A smaller and 
front is certainly presented by a cla obese than aioe 
masses alluded to ty Rags Rogniat, but the density of the colamn 
the same, indeed, becomes greater with a war establishment, and rh 
are not aware of any such peculiarity in the horves or horsemanshij 
the present day, as to obviate that Senpatiieg to free action ‘which 
was then found inseparable from column movements of ca 
But other and equally important a to the system of threes 
still remain to be noticed, namely, the repeated derangement of the 
telling off in uction, ars difficulty of ‘ing the movement “threes 
about,” in deep ground, or with horses, and the inconvenience of 
manesuvring i with the rear ronk in front. This combination of disnd- 
vantages it was which—united to the conviction of a fact established 
during the late war, that when regiments became reduced in Gere 
and their t off destroyed, they invariably manceuvred by di 
sions—confirmed the growing disuse of threes i in the continental Lae 
mies, and led to found the subdivision system of 
‘This substitution for threes and fours was first brought into notice 
in 1816, when the talented tactician alluded to, rn ang ‘entrusted 
with the remodelling of the Wirtemberg cavalry, introduced it us a 
fundamental movernent of their squadron drill, and the change is said 
to have proved completely su |. Having wisely in view a war 
- establishment, (for we consider that all books of gee 
have prineipal reference to active service,) he fixes his divisions at 
is subdivisions ut eight files, upon which latter front, 
d generally all movemente 
where threes were formerly (und are stil! by us) employed, are made, 
—Bismark contends that every movement necessary for a service 
stem of drill can be thus performed, and that while as same 
ility of manauvre that threes afford is retained, all the disad~ 
bere! to which they are subject are obviated, that movements by 
subdivisions cause no extension of the squadron, are not subject to any 
destruction of telling off, inconvenience respecting the rear rank, or 
difficulty in wheeling about. 

‘The only objection that we have heard raised against the substitu 
tion of subdivisions for threes is, that cases may occur when the 
—— ofa puters munis oe It to koe fel a Sse 
ment of a body of and that in the a defile, or in 
Tarching over, ground where dilicalles presented. themselves, 1 








‘tension of the tien and ee in its execution of the rm 


might not be ‘more general ey 
aio rea ih vi er erent of a stb 
division, or even three files, for it Netebey wate aint heck 
ape inciple upon which that front is formed, which ee 
threes so wble, Subdivisions ‘that is to 
my, throm whesled upea a flank instead of & ceniral pivot, would be 
atlended with much lass diidvantage ; and if there be Fuch a chars fn 





* Soe U, 8. Journal for Dee. 1899, p. 680, *! Rogmiat Controversy.” 
Bad 


nT ® 


MEMORANDA ON REDUCTION. 


COMPRISING TRE REPLIES OF THE QUARTER-MASTER-ORNERAL TO THE 
QUESTIONS OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE. 


Q. Will you have the goodness to consider, against a future day, if a redue- 
tion should be deemed absolutely necessary in the Quarter-Master-General’s 
Office, and that which immediately belongs to that Department, in what way. 
you would suggest that the reduction might be made. 

‘A. Having considered this Question in the view in which it appears to me to 
have been made, that a great savings will effect a great saving, and 
having looked at’ the manner in which the officers and persons in the Quarter- 
Master-General’s Office and Department are employed, I cannot see that the 
services of any individual could be at present dispensed with, without neglect- 





ing some necessary part of the public business. 
‘@. Will you have the goodness to consider that Question, with reference to 
the omy generally. 
‘A. The consideration of this Question, with reference to the army iy, 


requires a much more extensive range of enquiry, and to do justice winad eo 
afford the Committee the fullest information in my power, it will be 

to go at some length into the affairs of the army ; and as the mode best 

to show these affairs in the clearest point of view, I propose to lay them before 
the Committee in this manner, viz. . 

‘The present formation of the army, its numbers, and composition. 

‘Tue Nemanda wade upoo tie perem.ot tie xem, ean] Oe quences una- 
voidably arising from the extent of those demands, both to the military service 
generally, and to the country; and to offer from time to time, such observa- 
tions thereupon, as may in my opinion tend to enable the Coramitice to arrive 
at a clear and right understanding of the case, throughout its whole bearings. 

1st. Formation of the army, its numbers, and composition. 

The numbers ofmen and ofcers estimated forthe yur 1828 are as follows vie. 

en, 


Officers and Men. 
For Great Britain, including relief . . 23,448 . . 26,838 
For Stations abroad, India excepted . °. 35,912 . . 40,569 
ForIreland. 2... 1 1+ + + 20,3847 . . 28,112 
Forming a Total of 79,707 90,519 
‘This force has been formed into corps in this manner, viz. 
CAVALRY. 
‘Two regiments of Life Guards. 
One regiment of Horse Guards. 
‘Nineteen other regiments of Cavalry, besides four regiments in India. 
INPANTRY. 


Three npoet of Guards, composed of seven battalions. 





Eighty three battalions of the Line, besides the twenty batalions in Indi. 
Two West India regiments. 

Royal Staff Corps. 

Royal Waggon Train 

Three Veteran Companies, Newfoundland. 

Three ditto ditto, New South Wales. 

‘African Colonial’ Corps. 

Ceylon Regiment. 

Malta Fencibles. 

Cape Corps, Mounted Ri femen. 


‘The manner in which this army is distributed over the various parts of this 
extended empire, is 2s follows, viz. 

‘The whole of the Cavalry, with the exception of the four regiments in India, 
is distributed in small separate bodies over Great Britain and Ireland, but only 
one regiment can be conveniently allotted for the service of Scotland. 


MEMORANDA ON REDUCTION. — mg 


2 sat sa 3 Be ta not me pont 






for 

one Yi font yams at | Now South Wales ria Ue A 5h 

= nabs not bias Gist, Pa aciten the 
‘not years at hors sj Sacaln tae PH margin, and yet there 





one year at home 


‘The Government have frequently dese it to be their intention that the 
Seen in India aay relieved after a service of fifteen years; ia the 
est Lull aera sercon of five yeurs, and in the other Colonies ifler a service 
of eight years, but this has never yet been effected ; and the regiments now about 
to be brought home from India, will have been twenty-two years abroad > im 
“America fonteen yarn; and in the West Tndies nine nd ten year 
t without possibility of contradiction, that this demand upon the 
service of the British army is unprecedented in any former period of our hise 
rfl ond see senate In the practice of any other military sorvica in 


support ‘expenses which ie protection of them must unavoidably incur ; 
‘ut it ie his daty to show the effect which the ‘of this vast and seats 
tered eslonal empire baz upon tha sevice ot Ex aan and to prove that the 
system which has been adopted for this purpose, after the experience of man 
Jit pokoniy nal peylnllinteg as far as the means are all 
ut that it could not be c! without essential disadvantage to the best ine 
terests of the country. 
If the interests of the country require that this extended colonial 
should be preserved, upon which no.opinion is here intruded, it will 
doxboete 2 Lees hat suiclant mildary force, must be allotted. for ne 
the only question therefore for a military officer is dint (ae 
peel, it isthe intention of the Committee | should examine and 
sriether any otber plan cat in my opinion, be adopted fortis Pa 
dogs efficient with that now in Forge keeping in anes Jp pro 
must never be lost sight of, at the 00s ust be 
appllcsblads or Cegtr ae of service, and that their servi ete ees 
‘red as formit nertl military system of the einpire, and not to 





‘be exchusively ua a in jer words, @ perpetual exile in distant lands. 
U.K morn 'o be. proposed that one or two of our most pees 
‘possessions should Nae ere by troops es Lesclesialy for that. ee 
might gain, though in 
manner a amall force aot in could fees be reer ‘attached for 


that sacle asvore tele pase peahladconer bane elton 
ibe sepenlel jroo whian ee he eee 





* ‘The demand, swith 170%, i hy vie Litho year 1202, the infantry 
wy ae han ans Boros sccm 





MEMORANDA ON REDUCTION. RI 


: effective strength, it at the time maintains a sufficient 
feces sata Wes devised Mab tne whehysohiry af aie' 


i parm st yond 9 






i above 
Awenty year; 30 that oo efcent duty could be exacted fom dhe, anl from 
to 


i 
i 
i 
i 
i 
i 

2 
eet 

24 
4H 


z 
5 
g 
2 
Eg 
i 
E 
H 
: 
& 
z 

$F 


bore sum, according to the prosent estimate, would maintain an amy of nearly 
80,500, mn, 00-that the eifaren oe Detweed Unene: two unitede Bas beter aac 
lost 10 the country for 2 poriod of nino yours ; and thie exstusivaly of the 
aos mate he pera ‘halt-pay by these froquont changes of the 
maitary-ootablishment : cis 
‘The ‘Committee will from the: detailed statements, a proof of 
the followig facts, viz that Of 1031 oF at 


‘Lattalions 
eon respectively endesed's olberwiaer 
ons abroad should bave mid TY, exclusive of the Guards and 


MEMORANDA ON REDUCTION. 723 


repeat and rove on rd Sr sce tary sec aos 
mates and a wear and tear eee unexuinpled in the military history of the 


“Te ‘show this sow actually in (cemes ider the 
inwualiase eye a Si me it Searle oak only necessary to tate that shere are 


four regiments now on the point of Spain fr oy i 2 hy 6 


Fire a eel be shied Same 
a 


Gist |. . 91 yours and 7 months. 
20 


Tad years and 8 months 
So that embarking as the eons to ar oo doy or Tn t mut fol- 
Tow that candesartan service of 


pon between 

fory and fifty, tyme ay be the te of pension tbe dri. pan 

Syapepede a eae oat eeeesetinee 
ge of the wear and tear upon 


big? oa ee 
present numbers, and em Sa Tea Pie 
‘ad: dinate aot riomaand-retoan ciERneS ore Al ATEN Dose 


wr Tinay be in this place proper to observe that the employment of men in the 
Colonies, and coofined altosether to tha "service, would net, in my opinion, 
tena te Siminiob (hie wear'eed tear of iy ead consequent cost to the public, 
Bat ati would in many ees very uch Yacease i 
the Bt ole, be Kept in wew that to cacoumge men to serve'in 

th Catt bs ben od ‘necessary to enact that two years service i ee 
‘East and W should, a3 to pay and pension, count as three in other 
places ; and (rea ‘true that the reliefs would not be seat in bodies as at 
cm the aurber to be discharged would a8 se it bo inerntd and 

emurbers 0 be sant also increased ; und with this the consoquentinersie of 
pension and levy-moneys and this too, for the support of an array tot 
applicable, er beyor fron 418 composition 
principles of an effective and powerful army, viz. in ambition, in energy, and in 
Ffaracior; 30 that intaad of Wg bes; ax a present, wa should fa’ the change 














wh respectfilly submit my answer to the terms of the general 

‘question, 

Te any va cdlo ha main Gu Geng eh ace inied by a propor- 

fooute dint ‘of the demands now made uj rn, mod demands 
nesent ea omnensurate with the anil mire ans 

bat tolsbed thaquphoot coe wasted 

ort Se or isan iver ees mie tor 

Tf any reduction be sade in the ary under the foregoing 

ig submitted that the it aystern should be closely — moe 





tion ; a systern, as I have endeavoured to show, formed after long. of 
oe eno eee eee ae 
fuetions i Sa numbers and. eatablshasent, to rogard to eoguaeetation and-re- 





if 
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wi 
hint of ours acceptable, we eould add thi if to the 
on aieedy tneifistel by ir Coan waliota aes 


eT 
nigel 
Epis 3! 
bee =a} 
is Bake 
abe > i 
Ave 
ruil 
Ee ag 
F = if 
air Ey 
gifts = 
rip 
lige 
2 { 
ie 


The r 
transmutes British sailors to callous machines, has bees, not unaptly, 
compared 10 the chemical result of roducing diamonds to-charconl, and the au 
pep so correctly, as to stamp the impression of fhot and 

le jyamated . st 

“Tho Autor teqrete iat the’ dlarejasd of tepdttell ond hunsbs rasctibeenes 
fruitlessly mace ST Se es have genemtod that 
‘nhappy intubordination. As there were undeniably just grounds 
es ‘Should Have granted as a favour what was Seaily extort by ee 
importunity. But countries, as well as i ea imude;— 





Bn Pa eae oa ieee Gas Conta 
rape a re each ets Cah Ct 
the subile sprite is at last compelled to ry by the name of its most potent 
yotary, awful crisis is thus brought onz— o* 
“By all that is eon! his patriotiem, his affection for the army and 
sii i le et 
Soe rit con atl eod i 
the the animated of 
lite whiok he Author has deplete Moxy cag scenes of sea 


the Author has depicted, but 
ducing the hero, =! ~~ 





‘THE KING'S OWN, TH 





++’ God in Heaven bless you, Adams, ime cet Peto wi faltering voice, and cast- 
ing a look of fond aifection at the child, ‘The heart of the mutineer wus at that mo- 
tue sefcoa ly parental Fig, a eRe the ‘off the touchhole of the 
gun, lest an nccidental spat rink the life of hin child, who was now aft with the 
Sire and thei ae 
“* Reader, this little bay will be the horo of our tale." 
see it other fortunate delineations of character, we were touch entertained 
with those of pee Mons. de 2 nent the bo “man, 
of the pee Billy Pitt, Ee Saye tie bilious liew 


Seon te Tete coaek Themis alee 4 wot eter ap 
rove ofthe carly Adventures of the aocomplished meee apres 
fred piouze of Cappers te one Suara kan be riences 

noble. 8 


and 
ervice. Of Serimm: ea oa We panelibes the: 
De 
the 


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shadow 
fe iran Wii leet pra bons Ie etd Te Kama es 
trurmured fr cle, but noone anrwered Again an agua be tiene 0 


ue 
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Bee 
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THE KING’S OWN. 


: m9 
which were surrounded by the natives, who had been «1 da rseoerin: ot Mee 
had been joined from the town and A 
eta eae ice the ees = 





be phe re < 
‘of every 55 oe Ten 

itrlllagWaatdo ofthe Monkey tbe Gas 
futens—now looking tack with on fastens ares his 
i 3 al oe 


flight—while the air was thronged 
ioaally dropping dow i 
sonltcle et rchanes ope 






ingly i coxswain’s delectable detail of the disasters 
‘consequent 1 and drowning a black eat, for havi 
ter’ sextantense “all of Y ta es at the ea 
chapters. Here extraordinary talent is evinced ; i 
interest, we have actually fancied the spray flying over tis, 28 
and though we would not: the edt ofa tale by babbing 
—that mysterious criterion of dexterity in novelists—we cannot irda 
= had almost said resentment, at the unexpected horrors of the tein’ 
nations 
Johnson wsserts, that all thie fictions of the last agé would vanish if they 
deprived of a * hermit and & wood, x battle. and a shi 3” but the ‘sturd) 
moralist Imd vever met with a battle Tike that between the Aspasia and her 








THE KING'S OWN. 1 
fiom the serious disasters dvat lead 


i 
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it 
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i 
2 
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3 
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Hal 
nn i] 
2 
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Fetkge ee 


crew 
the the vessel lurched so heavily as oftea to throw the men who were 
tho guns into the loe-scuppers, rolling one over the other in tho water wi 
soci worn Susp ea ey a Ek Coe eae 
smik wich the earls speed BAA emma, ‘The fe 
precise aim, had the effect intended, that of ahah ia Fre nisin 
‘any thing like a oe ‘Occasionally ‘hip kept more 
pes by inereasing hor distance, but tho aga oe ms 

that of hor opponent, and she continued her gelling 

* Te was oo time for man to war es apes Heaven were loose, 
pee Geetere ‘The wind how! tensa rages oe RS ane eae 
lightning. blinded. ‘The Eternal was present, in all his mg} i 
wore ganniioge Be But Copt. M—— was unmoved, unawed, 5 and a 


it 
He 


i 
= 







i ms rum apt up, hon th mare gain exe 

















they could not sae So ers em 

after the Freach vesnel, rust be 

Shaconane r-Look to windward—the 
Sarah end arth ‘he wind now redoubled its fury, and the rain, that 
‘took a horizontal, instead of a cular direction, from the force of the wind, fed 
the gale instead of Julling it. ‘The thunder rollod—and. the (rigaie was so drenched 
‘with water, that the guna were primed and reprited, without the-ire communicating to the 
seconde was ature wilh the rain and apa ras but of 
Titi ecauqeane, the squall and torrents of rain had now ti Ty oamny ham te 
* Look out for hers my men, as oon a8 the wall passes over," cried Cay 


1 ciel Gaye Mane 
“A fast of lightning, that blinded ther for 4 tire, wan fogerty abe, 
abled with the ‘the A 


der, 80 close, that th 








‘tho rest, blinded and 





. . 
«Tho on gi were no tg ce gs fo nc ar witha 
vaitn a tramondous nus surf, nboat three-quarters of amie to loewand 
ean about two. ep pate ints aa the weather-bow of the frigate, and = 

spied itself far out on ber weatherquatar, ao that both ea 





each Frenehmen 
Pies) ‘of her was lot, She rolled gunnel wader, and her remaining mast went 


Neti can save at ow i repli the master. uM 
“+ Now’ replied the Captain, * We have done our work, and rust now try to save 


lady you work forsourliven, We must pt he 








‘her masts on each si¢ har—' or oine hundred poor 
account in the course of & ‘nas, Tide could 
ana » 





MILITARY SURGERY. 
“ pn. panzewortary's becroRns.* 
“ Campysrs suid to sions, etal a ty in 
Pra ope Ae ery et |; they would be much more usefully em= 
Played 6 they sais devote their attention to a maar of ep disease, 
‘ing ite. progress among '—We cannot express 
tur, coacarrenceawitt ti op Pipe danne a 


Tiedical officer, woullt embrace the follow ning ner Gene pe 


Nes of the recrui ofan includis period ‘Ke. Ke, 
Wetinitia at Masts rt va ales of 1 





Fel 
Fie 
pay 
i 
F 
e 
he 
at 
ile 
E 
3 
3 

ua 
z 

unt 


inspection of recruits ;—The peculiar attentions whi 
aan ae care of ecrultsy “The provisioning of cops, This 
i degerves ie tnost.curfut 


rt 
es. 


ie 


Hi; 
fe 


at repaty 
‘The Cloth 


FLEE 
a 
ie 

ee 
Hird) 


‘of climate Teal of salir, and. We her eae of enting hurtful 
consequenctsthe duty of discharging soldlere wt i LE 


shi 
assisting sense tb ee fea 
ag sag: brats pete gets 


fuumerated and we thst hewn 
‘of sae ‘some of the subj 





instruction upon the meuesigt pommine ming ie oon soldiers. =f talents, 


L 
i a 
me 





‘opinion, 6 
Rie nip hen igh ME to the press, is to enable 


Dn Weeds epee Mer of Mitr 








MILITARY SURGERY. ‘135 





dence, in regard to his prospective efficiency. Previously to the age of twenty, 
taatury is ersployed in pesferting Her work, and although & onrtain degree of 2” 
ercise is conducive to health in adolescence, it is certain that a youth requires 
more food and sleep than the perfect man, he is at the same time less able to en- 
dure the fatigue of drill. The privation of friends, physical and mental excitement, 
are debilitating influences, which are much more felt by the youth than in more 
advanced life. Young lads are peculiarly susceptible of consumption and other 
diseases of the chest. Persons who have been three or four years at a trade, or 
some regular occupation, make much better soldiers than mere striplings. 
They assume military habits, and they conform with more ease to the system 
of diet, and the restraint necessary to subordination ; having more experience, they 
are commonly more careful of their health, and less disposed to brave the causes 
of diseases. When indisposed, they give more aid to a medical officer in his 
curative measures, by better attention to uhe means recommended for thelr re- 
covery.‘ Growing lads” are commonly spoken of in tenns of recommendation 
by recruiting officers, chiefly, perhaps, because they may generally be engaged 
alittle under the standard height, but we should never wish to see a recruit 
approved until he is fully grown. ‘The period at which a man attains his full 
height, is very different in various individuals, During the greater part of the 
last war, the minimum height of conscripts for the French army was five feet 
one inch, English measure, and this height was frequently not attaived until 
twenty-two or twenty-three years of age. 

“* Si nous sommes sages, nous exigerons que nos recrues aient au moins dix-huit ans , 
ot sans dovte nos neveux plus anges que nous exigeront qu'ils sient ant leu ving’ 
unidme année.”—Art. Engagement, Ency. Meth. 

We shall make no apology for extracting a short paragraph on this topic from 
a work lately published in France under the following title:—* De !Opération 
Médicale du Recruitement, et des Inspections Générales. Par A. G. Coche, 
Chirurgien-Majo 

“ On voit par cet exposé qu’d dix-huit ans la santé du jeune homme est sans cesse 
‘compromise ; qu'il trouve au dchors comme au dedans de lui mille sources de maladies 
plus ou moins graves ; et qu’en cet état il ne saurait présenter assez de garanties 
réelles de son existence pour faire un soldat dans toute l'acceptation du mot ; les 
armées recruitées d’hommes trop jeunes se depeuplent Lien plus par les maladies que 
par le feu de ennemi. 

‘The Professor gives us a quotation from Dr. Luscombe’s work on the Health 
of Soldiers, where it is said, that “a corps or army would be very consider- 
ably more healthy and efficient, if all men under twenty were excluded, and 
recruits admitted of forty or forty-fire years of age.” To enlist men at forty or 
forty-five would be an admirable plan to speedily recruit the pension list. A. 
man at forty-five may no doubt be able for certain duties, but how long will he 
remain sot No; the period during which a man may be expected to be able to 
meet the exigencies of military service, is between twenty and forty years of 
age: under twenty few individuals are able to undergo the fatigue incident to 
a soldier's life; and above forty, but a small proportion of an army is both able 
and willing to execute the various duties to which soldiers are liable. 

Our author next insists upon * the importance of wholesome diet to the pre~ 
servation of health, and its efficacy in resisting the inroads of disease.” His 
remarks on this subject are judicious and approptiate. He seems to thivk that 
“breakfast messes are not yet universal in the army.” Now, we are of opinion 
that breakfast is recognised as a regular meal in all, or very nearly all, the corps 
in the service. Dr. B. will be glad to learn, that a successful attempt has been 
made to establish a third meal, namely, a “coffee,” or supper, in some corps. 
‘The men generally approve of the measure, and the prevalence of intemperanice 
has been checked by it. The following are the items required for supper to ten 
men in one corps, and the price each cost last November. 

















MILITARY SURGERY. — 13T 


Pee fet the bisects states, denon Ja cision orga de- 
shallow argument igwxication gation for 
et inne 





od — 
jist vs opinion ha spn come 0 erable men 9 neyo ret 


me ifies the human 
sioutheenenacere ys aun the ete 
On this, ‘in hig Medical Histoy ofthe French 
demonstrates ‘that almost all 
atineked with fevers, 


th of obscring wedi oficar of the Baush army” 
2S. y aie of ihe gee Undlaig i 





the quality of the liquor, rather thin 
te een i sie ee ets Sine ie rnaloreds 
= or bad sprite’ Carian Aumuck." Now, what is 
Pari Seer ers Row spilt f partape axe 
likely that wl bul 
Tom 
od 
“ith, On the site, 60 ie 
gree 
conse fo tes 





Doremee oie eae etic =e Ree 


NAVAL ADMINISTRATION OF GREAT BRITAIN. 739. 


is dae, AML atevibut involk eaptesain satura 
phoveeeee fe e Sid Shia hes Bate iat Soke Sepemaae eae 
fr to pertinaiounly adhering to antiquated aysema, and not suficiently attentive to 








‘time prevailed to the greatest extent, 7 
sind) eC aden Soctt neces ed sea 
war, Instead of carefully observing the nsproramon 
‘especially among ome ‘most formidable rivals. A 
ube of 1763, 


| 


ol 
walt 
when the combined flects of 


i 
: 
i 








i the an ‘any j and, 
with) ame ily almost ontirely rebuilt, but on wach 
different principles, that when war ‘broke out in 1778, we very soon found our 
selves eniely overnatche, not only in the numbers, ba nthe description of sh 

wi us on pursuing our. 
shop cease abs ene eee ae 
7 fours, with a very formidable «prinkling of heavy 
‘cighty-fours in their line, oarrying twenty-four pounders on the main-deck, and a 
‘course very decidedly superior to on the couse 


of America, in 1778, with twelve sal ofthe li Pan hi 
ri h, writh ts re sail ve line, two. ly sl 
oareny- tars, tea tery fons, union Apolo de dere i 
‘devon sixty-fours, and five fiften; numerical 
‘muperior, bat so much the everne in point of actual force, that that brave 
venture to engage them until he could find an opportunity of brinyiny hin 
aid of his atlack, And a most convincing proot of our inferiority was 
tye afrarty whee the Bate having town patel nd ire 
two of our fifty-gun in with two rench eighty-foure very 
abled ; nnd alibong both re 


— 





i 


3 

H 
i 
Aaa 
pte 


ach cape fivally obliged to retreat ou the appearance 
tusistance of their aatagoniat, A third action, fought at 0 

nis of fifty and Le Cesar of seventy-four, was equally indecisive. How | 
hae bee the result four ships hd eon seventyfots or eightgun ships! 


‘D'Estai: May -shiy © 
re of DE ayes) ave prac! 


f 
- 
i 
HN 





the war in 1703, wo bd a dosee figates fn eur whole thvy 





ia yay paw 
the oe lt are wet the wat Ste Pens pean he hfe 


¢ Se tc tthe haere ea a PB 


i 
E 








NAVAL ADMINISTRATION OF GRRAT DRUTAIN. TAT 
ef the Usitat Stas Conetitation end Praiden pier AL tae re 


ee eaeiee ae, ‘there were not, I believe, 
uly reals the ‘of theo 

eee eareu cig oeaeateeaeee 

‘niled thera, and esea 

“With our weual , however, the whole nubjgct was dismined from our 

mind th moment pea was cevtlndd. “Phe Leander ad Newoustlo wero forthwith 

fitted out as thy form stations, with the usual incumbrannes of poops, Ae. 5 


beat ‘their sailing became out of the-question, and: 
vero in tee aaa frormost ted whee to pissy ede enly a toatl let 
‘actual service. xtrandiny eye: has bows conte wth 

GE ao i of im hy ae oo 






+ Now thi guration might sod ough 1 hae been 
giet is ioctl alia gh esse sie 
{vs ll oo fe ‘these first-class 






a cet 
ER ima 


fs stations y wssious 
ois ® sed ith a full cargo maki 
ip mi 
a. Brit mana dl dy 
pris tied 
Cab viens one dot 
officers 158 Hy replacing: those whose 
car's tye of esigrote an 
‘ment of a new war, ‘OOF utmost 
1 over Hale wh ‘het certainly Unt 
i tomer een 
bation an sae a pe oat 
4 practice introduced, Sieber ee oe 
ry itn = Si mets 
(phen eh 





bay tr ha! 
jaar anes 

sie Gee . 
ae Siena = Boe 


Smee 


efgeieereet 


‘unfortunate results. 





NAVAL ADMINISTRATION OF GREAT BRITAIN, TH 


sh as i pn tenant when ian that nnna say ve be fish 
roid ovtagons sm ale wees supnioat aie ¥ ‘ 
[ave 0 thibe bao, tha grealon pate-of anc malian hipaa sage cledaceees 
tos rl athe ast tp indgntion be lpndand enemies, and wl 
‘su suficient vindleation to ia many particulars, the Deitish 
Navy wa fur mor inferior atthe coormencerbent offormct hots,” 
ait tian eee Thave to offer, and by what means I 
would ‘0 remedy the complain of, (withott IncurHing an 
iiss Revcsal neater esata ie ene ae lo beat) ry an 
Can onl reermend or daontiing, witha! os of tine lt ts exper 0 
ny of thon cates of ships which I cosier 4 wales and cigcetinabloy to enspend 
fret egen the easton of ship th in| (cents the of eae 
Ghanem progres of snl on ro decks tne er 


alities by actual "To down,) hod 
ur thoughte shi tarde howe elses mete to which [have nc ly ch 


E 
rg 
i 
He 
é 


in the egurae of those cbutrvations. should recommend ous satialying euralven, oe 

fil and areas eas wheter th fu nad vachod ara Kapa, neck oa thw DOs 

and soe aw in all respects equal ‘entertained of them, 
ty 


iabasesge armament, &e. &¢- and prevent that general uncertainty on thes 
pointe, whieh anes eran oer if aaa Ina ted out ty f often ones 
‘qvainted with their caly ty exparlnents which ar wight 
payer ts rea in the latter ease occasion much hapten delays 
woulk ‘that cnercise 






ch, in all the variahs cineummtances of wind 
eat allies can be formed and many of our younger offs mest 
ay a in these particulars I eg 
ous fat enien, ew 
‘twenty-four and cighteon-pounder Tinie “ 
able number of almost new twanty.eight-gun ships, “eich i ata are 
only ealeulated toa isa int aa iograce ws, E them 
tono,corvetes, th ules it nt be ti cose tiny 
oe ales tax imation in po huge 
Fie A a py ei eee 
Speneably necoorasy, that 1 abou not featuntl Ind auceended to faction 
in this particular, Here, such officers ax Captains Hayes 
rienced seamen as well i ts exotllent naval aie, would 
the second, if not the first a1 produce & 
Tho ri their corvetios, armed with twenty-four pounders for 
chace guns, will te ub to ‘beat off our eightoen- cies paeoar tein ie and curate 
superiority tn sailing is equal to their Thar oe li Toute ‘of metal, such an event 
ty ao metus inpouible, The French, 1 be ee al wouse of netriy equal forces 
tind shall we, while these i ‘nd tre kg on al ies 
rovad un, catfntaly pert four old iyvten,Untl defeat und stsane io Tals ote 
WOOT harder eerimend euthaly toed 
w recommend «1 our ten- 
moat oofcuay ved ef wre coir eek aed 
the public money. “A era a4 th’ ihton x rg, en a 
trigs, would, 1 eer very real ai S seullrovaaaiehes 
zai Las ‘where enemies ve a Sere class. nit 
. To em imately or on 
the caus of North; Americ, or in the Bay of Biscay dui canes 
thet Bap Ri ey beer bagel org 
bla in the conduct of naval afar.” ~ 


‘Our shige of the King might be ona oto, a, at man they clay, 
fist rates, Ike the ‘one-hundred-and-tweaty-guns—aecond ates, =a 


pe ‘rompleté repair, 





NAVAL! abhiNestitatton Gy GRiAT 








‘tw aura the ni ‘tystems, and she strong. 
oe eee 






cee ata ae aaa 








= 
counts, Sc. are oqually , 
qualify thor for tho duties of thelr station ; but when wa turn 
‘aval “do toy 





tan t-gnnra) ‘wi : 
: ‘the navy employed as store-keepet 4 atonifen . 
ee Sette 
Ue in shor the whole deta of th maleic of our nary is spn 
rT alt bre oncinde ee ym 
Cpr of eobebcn fine eral eps, nowt Gage yes Taha 
, te in 
canaot lok forward wit aa ee ap Sain, mp 
“Tam old enough to re ; 
war as that which we siW 30° 





ment but the 
U.S. Jorn. No. 18. Juxr, 1830, ae 


FOREIGN MISCKLLANY. a \ 


discourse of the old soldiers, who rejoloel to soe again amongst them) . 
iF La ae 
“ Atseven in the evenings ‘Charl 

wed ae Note aid th Prince, t 

an vy Ne} is © : 

taka the Counsel of Us Bat ad seo ope afanae Coniliaetine 
with tice dvisiasupon Gomelce. | Gen. D'Evlon uta 
‘Marchiennes-au-Pont; sou silva have the li 

3a leo ie Serene Jancers: 


Soon 
ncn kip aa 


Kite 
we At i ibe eveniog, the Dtassbal ocoupied he ma eats 
hata Soy ‘commanded 


— rm a t The 
4 joa was taken Uy front. of Prasnes. 
ven ie orders, and ecoumended the. most gen fd 


eek ae Mera mca t avoid hore in 
to observe. 

Ba ret at Quntes o tneiae 
reached the French genera 








VORKIGN MISCELLANY. m9 


} AUSTRIA. 
DAMASCUS: SWORD-ALADES, : - sf 


eR lgrap tober thes ceaitemara ek deny 
inferior to the Eastern original, has fabricated in the dominions of 










Austria and Prussis, and Professor Ciel tha inventor ofthat which bas bans 

‘doped in he Imperial anny has bean Libera enough 4 give publiiy tthe 
moans by which saatattet mate monnkchrels ails 

mas will be found in @ sm: ft Mulan, and entitled 

ia aull arte di Fubricare le following 


a 
a 


Picattable steel, of about one and a 


thickness, is to be first bound with iron-wire at intervals Scare ot ati, 
‘The iron and steel to be then He bape ‘by mel and repeated additions 
(10 to 20) of iron-wire made to the they must be firmly. 


nth hich 

Amalgamated, This compound material Samnento be =the a ie 
shorter lengths, to which, by the usual process of melt 
posing any wished-for form may be given. ear filing sei 

sides of the blade, and aa jecting it to the hammer, emul re 
shaped Damascus is obtaii ‘the material can also be made more 4 
other form. The infusion by means of which the figures are made visible, 
pec fe ne The success of this method, and the 
excellence of the which have constructed aceording to these direc 
tions, have by various tae been placed beyond all doubt. ‘Professor Crivelli 
has had several sabre-blades eps comune he Fay 
similar ‘iments have, by the 
technical Institution at Vientute an 


cation on & scale, These blades, which, when made in quantit 
are but little ene 


a 
Abt 
i 





city may be formed from the Eo ‘out of 210 Riaheg tet ema ene 
a military commission, poy kad of whi 


Sepia ie wed ce oat stat epotas wie note pinta ootecereae 


In Prussia this method of preparing sword-blades is stated to huve been 
seven year in ice, and to ae bevo atiended wilh oqia) eaeas fone 


others tf i SehaaeoNe Marea ilesia, has been dis- 
tinguished "fer "hie excellence of its imitation Damascus which aro noi- 
‘thor in boauty nor durability inferior to those that Lave been Need 
betes tt 
“ Wabre und Abentheuerliche Lebensgeschi sie Dells ae te 
Kriege-Jahron 1807 bis 1615, in 
fund? -_{Troead Adventur Li se Vacate 


from 1007 to 1615.) Berlin, 182 


‘attendant upon war, 
‘Tho author 1s x compositor, leaves erin de Lehto tthis 
atrives, per varios casus, at Lucern, enlists bere in 

marchs with a party of recruits to Barcelona. eins conten to 


. = 


Se oldiers ti and to: yale His coon suandamraiier he many inei- 


75h 


GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 
‘TO THE EDITOR OF TRE UNITED SERVIOR JOURNAL. 
B.A. fo Miles Minden. 
TO THE WORSHIPFUL MILES NINDEN, EDITOR OP THE UNITED SeAYECE 
JOURNAL. 

Drax M thou kr 
wc Re ea Para a ta a et 
of alan ha the wate cant igen Se eee M. of Edine 


burgh, Petronel, and upon the two former numbers, 
rach ed me. What Aes aby will lay to the a 
lievalier, it perhaps becomes not thy friend, who ix but the poor echo 

Seale imagine; yet it Bn, confidently be pronounced, that J. M. of 

burgh hath given assurance of a soldier according to the fiers own 

Rory ous his eloqaent vindication of the supremacy of Ge ancient 

it icted that our Cae master will again 

science of Antiquity is see a 


= 





af 


8 





Lin 
ie 
Hy 





“"to'Paronl my ols mel i eno i ati ot 
‘0 Petronel are my thanks 

term, which was, vith cal loqui xis in too genera 
re tive. as Clieaiety daesine y of 
“the lighter fusil which was the fiest im ees on thes mi redly 
could not mean, a to designate the aaa 5 because, 
jin the very next ye agtyi Pe sia} iumt was Hot gene 
rally adopted rary a Savy ed a ites but he mere res ‘a conve- 
‘sient general term for that, which, under denomi- 


nati leat ieaemetal eee ma t:——or, as in the modezn vulgar sanee, 
2 light musket is sil olled a fas ‘Thus he even fieel) pee Me 
age, ‘Archibusieri Spagnuoli,” as tho fasileers,” and afterwards 
" pes gb es fusileors " indit mea 10 sigiy the same free. 









that the haquebut was known in Enyl 
pa the demihaque inthe nate curs 
musket as Dinero he A 


CORRESPONDENCE. 563 


including those provided with cuirasses. tise re there any diffoulty left in the 
Collpqulea for golesion ‘on the: sstsemeat. of the Osun ada the © 
equipment of the eae. Spas fafuatry ior ie Malian wary vacsatoatovclied 
in more doubt. 

‘Thirdly, lent, in sj that the first 
iat is Someta ar nee ears et 
of history, has again himself manifestly been led into German free 
Leal tire Sinn ae Count peas (or {orube Be Duke Guarnier, athe 
ix oallod by the Italian writers,) were not lam or in a0} 
Doula foray Sclstgew/at Sed ery belek 
Giovanni Villani (J. x1.) Even this, as every one the Teast “Ailar vith Tee 
lian history is of course aware, was by no meins the earliest instance of the em- 
Bape of German mercenaries in that cout oA though Werner was the first 

Condoten who set the example 

“companies ee eaieatant as‘ such organized banditti, or Innd~pirates, came to 





ae 
ieee which was 90 fir sti ey 


always 
Aiea eo a pe Tepe a en vine 
they were never famed in that age, like the Spanish and Italian foot, for the exe 
ecution vam fire. * hens : pala te 
With reapect to the origin area cad as 

cation oe ts Berton trate farm of Mogcatta is not to Tearn. 

what occasion that place was the scone eta eaten Restle is inetiobd 
in goneral history. But, not to insist again uj Tealion 
etymology frm mous (0 mall hawk) I al wala add th ‘ifannlogy con 
prove any thing, we are not withoat som bre evidence in cbt 5 which 


our esteemed: itor will hardly eee to ie word 
musket itself, is “ marvellous an ere ontion wll ahias 


pan 5 and that, the emaller bi areas to have lent it name to the 
fine enging, a# the nobler falcon pate ‘more hae calibre: for, 
says Dryden, (using the term after Shukspearey 
“<The muakel and the coystsel were too weak, 
‘Too farce the falcon.” 
Mavi Reh rook ote livered my response 
tions’ of ‘thy worthy Correspondent and and ot den 
voured to emulate their own spirit a a due observance of | which best 
becomes every lettered discassion,—refellere sine Jocuudy nfl tne ‘pertinacia 
—H woot only frtber marae thee that Cam 
Bre thing 80 now thet, 
RR 


fa 





CORRESPONDENCK. 155° 


the dese neta ten oe ee 
cause ony against us, at the moment when, as in 10%! us 
reduced wane last extremity. In 4792, tho six. Gevasieva South 

bad no independent existonces nor did we possess the additional colonies we 
have now to garrison, and which, at the lowest estimate, require some 20,000 
men for their protection. On what principle then enn any one aoquainted with 
the above facts, that every school-boy should know, now call for the establish= 
ment of 17021 ‘Lhe mighty benefits it has entailed upon the country are easily 


It was the establishment of 1792, the spirit from which it and as 


sarnbbiogipwitla ont islands, carry on a paltry war with gold instead of iron, 
and made vs at last almost fritter away the Gnext army that modern timos had 
seen before we ventured to step forward, and pele age eee 
it, hetany concen the many saillions of treasure, aud the 

of gallant lives that might have been saved, had 25,000 Bestreoldirs, euch at 
those who, in 1815, decided the fate of on the plains of Waterloo, taken 
the field at the outset of the contest, when troops were but a weak 
and disonganised Pah semaics wo the tried and vietonous bands of lar 
timex. ‘The mournfal balance of blood that must appear aguinat the then 
pursued should act at pinnae aoe ‘its repetition ; that balavee 
surely both long and melancholy enouy 

the evils of being without an army, without military pride, character, and confi- 


ds od, above all, without that high and commandi it and 
Prertge eg epmagisenig pr ejorgen deat lea 


cour mili ation, for it ccats nothing, 
not brought info estimate, and will, peat rey ‘the world go on sh 





military stress mais Shay fotiy ad ‘entanos i their tarn, but from whick 
they can never be separated. i 

Seotiac on ta STG a ia ta oe we Sel Bl Oe 

‘of vietory to refer to tn support of our-claim Yo military 

‘igen waa ‘the system of tactics since had 

in pretty general use; yet with all these advantages, to which it 
ciple no new one has been added, we were nearly (wenty yours 
Sahel to take the Geld, a:dalay due dndapend exe fatter 
upon the country about 500 millions ef thar debt of which we ary now 
complaining, and which the loudest Iainers are, by their constant 
upon the army, using thelr hest efforts to double at 
One really begins to believe, with the accomplished author 
there is no such thing ax a fact in the 


} 
: 
: 
z 
é 
2 
i 


E 

= 
He 
Hail 


a 





E 
i 
i 
i 


* Loan Fi , anu. am speaking of; 
on ras er elaeree aaa 


& 
i 
i 
is 
i 
gE 
i 


tie Betish antes porm 
tat Sp in detall In the woods of America, was not awing to the misconduet 
tren, but tthe ely of thee mho sent, ot hove mo led the 


a 
«Fs 








, CORRESPONDENCE, 1 
Adninistration of the Mestical Department of the'Army. 


Mn. Eprron,—The lettor of your correspondent in the Inst number 


of your excellent Journal, relates toa has 
nok Leeeibclinaaate oceoenteal minor rpreh aa eae 
‘soon lose Mt ins r. ‘not, 

attention to such trifling matters as are mentioned by: ‘Medicum tat | baad 
ix to. be benefited; nor can I see any thing improper in the circumstances to 
Which he alludes, considering the Medical ent of the anny as now 
regulated. If the seniors of the service will not of it can be 
no hardship to be com ten above them. No, 


hut the ‘galluat Secretary-at-War had taken the Medical 
wrell as theeahercivl departments ofthe army, into his considuaton; end if he 


has, I feel assured it will be thoroughly ‘We must come buck, Sir, 
he pre of ras got up i bury and 
r yrenent system was got up in ® and was as com- 
plete a job as ever was got up to advance one party and depress unother=to 
aed widhost slereses egeal Temaived of either it the 
partment. This, Sir, is literally the fact. 
of the. revolutionary war with France, and daring the 
i of et campnions in Flanders every npotearys 
boy that could be laid hold of was taken into the service, and employed in 
italy, oF as a a mate, “Mont of thege young mien bad veey Title 
knowledge of medicine or surgery, Yet those of f-rurvived the filth 
‘contagion of ‘landers itals, aequired a practical experience in 
the detail of miliary duties, and some from their humanity and attention 19 
wounded or sick secured sincere and friends. Hence, as 
i ; they became surgeons of regiments; and afterwards, when 
higher rank and. rewards were to be disposed of, the quastion came 10 


i 


Sull, the place tr he s 
generally received and ‘literary distinctions in all services and in all civitited 
countries, exeept England. Men who had never i 


sec in 

Secie cotdoa: Lesage Wonr vo susplessaly Gry Gu weiie eel Eee 
#0 CO 7 s 

“4 Unloarned. Practi- 


tute! a 
ale secured th ia of lsesay Ed Real dncnicnet like Sci- 
Yor Literature hs bo the Departuent und sor petal 


an erature ba a banished from parlinent, 

‘its present i. ‘ 

Sit M‘Gregor, wnach to bis credit, red sone Tearning inca 

ioabert at en acne orem ee 
lencies 

that cin toad ibis vena. Tt “wold be ditianto- Yau oul eny mn or 


‘young ten of talent or education to enter it, 


‘The first thing to be done is to return to the old lished i of 
Physicians and. and to equalize their sank and pay 0 
aaa of ome Spies St 1b ea io ete ae oe 

proliant tt nes Renae goa 
called upon to practise on his Majesty's i ry 7 
et ion should be that of Assi tonregiment ; foras 


CORRESPONDENCE. 759 


Bat first, Sir, let me, ask, is it too much to 
that the fin Lord of the ‘Admiralty (ihe ate Lord 
would fair 


as onr beloved Sovereign, 

the long standing of the senior captains, by 
have enjoyed long since had the war continued 
services of the captains mainly contsibuted to conquer that 
all its merits and its glory, has proved to be 80 disastrous for 


‘Adin 
of 


is to 
Bur lite ofa boon; But thourk ln the sou-pert the 
is well understood and. cheerful 


Fert ihe renee trate bi fo felis, Skt prea — feed 

Jot us go on to suy 1 pecuniary value of ‘commission 

mated ® 4500 ion ant coches juired. r 

to be doubted that a number of the present n 

tinguished favour the permisvion to puirchade the rabik 

for 1500 guineas, even though subject to the condition Of their 

more than thei present ‘Commander's pay, woeit they could be finally 

oa the list as Captains, according to the preseot regulutions of the 

If this be con |, sind there is little doubt of its success, there is then only 
fide, aud the simple ion is, whether an 

a 


worth 
without taking into 
Adimitals, whieh 


‘ins, while whint is 
Tiberaly rede oo 








CORRESPONDENCE. 161 


all, before any commander can be eligible to be appointed to one of the King’s 
packets; he must havé served five years ‘in constant sea servicé ; he must then 
a very strict examination as to lunar observations, and should he have been 
Bog on baltpey, seamanship will be inquired into’ but the most. particalar 
thing is navigation ; he must know how to ascertain the longitude by chrono- 
meter, by any of the fixed stars, as well as by the sun, The candidate 
having obtained his appointment, the very lowest calculation for his outfit 
is 6002; furniture for seven small cabins and two large ones; plate, linen, 
china, giass—in fact, the same as for an admiral, who keeps a good table. This 
will' make a d—I of'a hole in a half-pay purse.’ He is then told, that although 
he is purser of his ship, he must find all the necessaries for the ship's company; 
nor is he allowed a clerk to keep his accounts, nor any compensation money 
for passing them ; this alone is a hundred a-year out of his pocket ; that he 
must pay and feed his own steward, steward’s mate, cook, and two boys; the 
* boys are ordered as servants to the master and gunner, and his cook must 
drudge fr all hands, and no good cook will ake the berh without being well 

id. Those five persons will cost him 300/, a-year out of his own pocket. 

re then is 400/. a-year he actually pays for his situation. All this was done . 
at the suggestion of the man who ought, (if he has a conscience,) to be the sup- 
porter, instead of the oppressor. On his arrival at Falmouth, he most probably 
comes in for a very bad voyage,—such as the Mediterranean, Halifax, Buenos 
‘Ayres, and the Leeward Islands,—and it may so happen, that he goes several 
times, to his utter ruination, for there is scarce a dollar to be made in either of 
those voyages. Three of these running will sink him 15001. ‘There are only 
three good ones, Mexico, Brazils, and Jamaica: so that the Packet service is 
mere lottery ; besides, they are fagging nine months in the year at sea, 

‘As to the freights, there has been some underhand work about that, and pro- 
bably Justitia knows more of that transaction than anybody else. ” Jealousy, 
envy, and spite, reduced the quantity of freight to thirieen tons, while one of 
the same class came home the other day with more than a million of dollars, 
and she had her ten guns on board and seventy-five people. The Falmouth 
packets are able to bring home fifty tons of silver with ease and safety, and as a 

roof of ity vessels that brought home half that quantity, drew less water on 
Bretr arrival than when they sailed, "As to the Old Lieutenant. growling about 
his having applied for the command of a Packet, and could not get one, I 
think he had better say no more on the subject, since he confesses that it may 
be with the idea of probably improving his professional knowledge.” 

The officers of the packets are chosen for their practical knowledge as well as 
a reward for long services, and instead of promotion ; therefore the best place 
for the old Lieutenant to improve himself, prior to his getting a packet, will be 
to get on board a tight and high disciplined frigate, as he must be aware that 
the Admiralty would not trust a packet to an officer who has been on half-pay 
nearly twenty years. 

As to its being permanent, I think it might be timited to tn years, many 
would give it up before that time. It will take more than three years to be- 
‘come acquainted with all the ports and places they go to, and be perfect in the 
routine of Post-office duty, and it would be absurd to think that the Post- 
‘Master-General would sanction such an alteration, especially for such as wish 
the berth for improving in their profession. More has been said by the croakers 
at Falmouth about the King’s Packets, to their prejudice, than they ever deserved. 
I say from experience, that they are without exception the finest sea-boats in 
the world ; only let the passengers come forward, I am confident that ninety- 
nine out of a hundred will give the King’s Packets the preference. Thus, hav- 
ing’shown in true colours the advantages and the disadvantages, Justitia had 
better be silent for his own sake, or, according to his own expression— Most 
properly so—he sha'l have a pleasant smack of bitter to his punch, which seems = 
to abound in acid 





Verax. 
U.S. Jovan. No. 18, Junz, 1830. 3v 





165 


GENERAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS, &. 
TO THR ARMY. 


Horse Guards, May 14th, 1890. 

Iw juence of a reference made to 
the General Commanding-in-Chief, by the 
‘Master-General and Board of Ordnance, 
relative to a partial misconstruction of the 
Pinciple upon which canteens are, esta- 

ished in barracks, Lord Hill considers it 
necessary to communicate the following ob- 
servations to commanding officers of regi- 
ments, and to direct that they shall be con- 
sidered as instructions for their guidance in 
any case which may occur hereafter :— 

‘Canteens have been established in Bar- 
“racks for the convenience of the troops, and 
for the ready supply to the soldier of such 
liquors, and other provisions of various kind, 
as could not easily be procured otherwi 
or for which it would not be consistent 
discipline, or the obligations of their duty, 
that soldiers should at all times, and indis- 
criminately, be permitted to resort to the 
markets, or to shops more or less remote 
from their barracks. 

In order to enable the lessee of the can- 
‘teen to furnish these articles to soldiers, 
without material prejudice to his own in- 
terest, and to afford to him such remunera- 
tion as he has a right to expect for the ac- 
commodation given to the soldier, it is in- 
dispensable that he should be encou 
and protected ; and it would be wholly in- 
consistent with the view, or with the prin- 
ciple on which the canteen is established, 
that commanding officers of regiments should 
be permitted to introduce the sale of liquor 





or provisions of any description, within the 
Sarucks, by soldi wives of any other 
persons, either at stalls assigned to them for 
that purpose, or by access to any of the bar- 
rack rooms. 

Lord Hill therefore deems it necessary 
positively tp forbid the continuance of the 
practice, wherever it may have existed. 

Tn case of extortion, or improper conduct, 
con the part of the lessee of @ canteen, com- 
manding officers will make such representa- 
tion, as the circumstances may seem to Te- 
quire, to the General Commanding-in-Chief, 
who will thereupon communicate with the 
Board of Ordnance. 

The lessee is under the most particalar 
restrictions tly under the countrol of 
the commanding officer in barracks, and 
always responsible to the Board of Ord- 
ance, for any impropretes which may 
occur; and the Board have reserved to 
themselves, in each lease of a canteen, a 
power to eject the lessee upon one week's 
notice, in case of any well-grounded com- 
plaint, made by the Commanding Officer. 

‘These checks appear othe General Com- 
manding-in-Chief to be amply sufficient, 
and to exclude the necessity of any prac- 
tee at variance with the principle on whieh 
the interior economy of Garrats bas been 
established. 

By command of the Right Hon. 

"The General Commanding in Chief, 
Henseat Tavtor, Adjt.-Gen. 











COURT-MARTIAL. 


A Court-Martial assembled on board the 
flag-ship at this port, on the 23rd of April, 
and continued by adjournment (Sunday ex- 
cepted) tll the 26th, to try Mr. David Gray, 
seting ‘Surgeon of the Hecla, on the follow- 
ing charges, preferred against him by acting 
Commander Harding, of the same ship, 
viz.:—1. For having made use of expres- 

ions to Mr. Cater, acting Master, highly 
disgraceful and derogatory to the character 
of an officer ; endeavonring to provoke him 
to fight their quarrel out in the gun-room, 
and making frequent efforts to strike him. 
2. For having neglected some standing re- 
gulations [of the sloop, which he deemed 

gatory to his character as a medical 
man, and not quietly remonstrating with 
his acting Commander respecting the said 
order, but starting quibbles on the same. 
3. For having disobeyed the orders of the 
ship, by smokin, rs upon the gang- 
trays between the hours of one and ive. 
m,, thereby sctting an example to the crew 








of disobedience to an express order given by 
the acting Commander, to suppress the prac- 
tice of smoking in every part of the ship, 
and at all hours. 4. For having treated the 
acting Commander with marked disrespect 
con the quarter-deck of the Hecla; endea- 
vouring to disturb and provoke him, par- 
ticularly in daring him, in an insolent tone, 
to give him (the acting Surgeon) an un- 
lawful onder. 5. For haviug treated him, 
ie acting Commander) in his cabin, with 
the greatest contempt and disrespect, when 
the said acting Commander was necessitated 
to threaten the Master, Surgeon, and Purser, 
that if he heard a word more of the disaffec- 
tion of the gun-room officers, he would con- 
fine them to their cabins, with sentries over 
them.—The Court having heard the evi- 
dence, defence, &c. was of opinion that the 
Ist and Sth charges had been proved, and 
the 4th in part proved, against the said Mr. 
David Gray, and did adjudge him to. be 
dismissed his Majesty's service. 














MONTHLY NAVAL REGISTER. 


10. Ponrswourm.s+Arrived H. M. C. Nets 
ley, and Ainphitrite Transport, Lieut, Cooley. 
Puywoors,—Salled H.M.C. Bramble, Lient. 
Haswell 

Sunrawass. — Arrived H. M. B. Martial, 
Lieat. M'Kinty. 

1. PonrswoorH.—Sailed H. M. 8. Pelorus, 
(10), Com. M. Quip, for Sheerness, to be paid off 
Purwovrw.— Arrived H. M. B. Leveret, 
Lient. Worth. Sailed H. M.S. 8t. Vincent, 
(130), Capt. H. Parker, for Portsmouth, to take 
her station as Flag Ship. Sailed H. M.S. Gala- 
‘tea, (42), Capt. C. Napier, C. B. 
led H. M. C. Raven, 
. Bighayer, Arie 
(120), Capt. H. Parker, 
and H. M.S, Galates, (42), Capt. C. Napier. 
Sniled H.'M. Steam-Vessel, Confiance, Lieut. 





















Salled H. M. P. Duke of 
Marlborough, J. Ball, for Lisbon. 

Purwocra—Sailed H. M. K. Vigilant, Lient. 
Loney. Arrived H. M. Steam-Vessel Confanee, 
Lieat. Richardson. 

16. Portswovra.—Amrived the Supply Na 
val Transport. 

Puywourn.—Arived H. M. C, Bramble, 
Licat, Haswell. 

Fatxoura.—Arrived H. M. P. Marquis of 
Camden, (rom Rermuda, Left 34 April, and Ha- 
lifex 20th April. 

Faraourn.—Arrived H. M. 8. Leveret, Lieut. 
Worth. 

Pontsmovru.—Sailed H. M. C. Highflyer, 
and H. M. 8. Galatea, (42), Capt. C. Napier. 

17, Fatwourn—Sailed H. M. 8. Leveret, 
Lieut, Worth, 

Ponrswourt.—H. M. 8. Seylla, (18), Capt. 
43. Hindmarsh, went oat of arbour and anchored 
at Bpithead. 

|. PLxwoura.—Arrived H, M.S, Leveret, 
Lieat. Worth, 

19. Poxtsmourn.—Arrived H. M.C. Raven, 
‘Lieut. Finch, and H.M.C. Netley, H. M.S. 
Bt. Vincent, came into harbour, and took up the 
moorings of H. M. S. Queen Charlotte, a3 the 

. Arrived H. M. S. Columbine, (18), 
|. Townshend, from Halifax. 
Puymovru—failed H. M.S. Leveret, Lieat. 
Worth, and Antelope, Lient. Johns. 


























MISCELLANEOUS. 

‘The usual relief of the Comnrande 
the expiration of thelr three years servitade at our 
Drincipal sea-ports, has taken place since our last 
number. His Majesty's Ship Victory, was paid 
off on the 30th of April, and the flag of Admiral 
Sir Robert Stopford, K.C.B. struck at sunset. 
On the following morning, His Majesty's Ship 
ges, received the flag of Admiral Sir Thomas 
Foley, G.C.B. appointed to succeed him, amd aa- 
lated ‘by every verse! of war present. “Om the 
arrival of His Majenty’s Sbip St, Vincent, the fag 
of Admiral Foley, was transferred to that ship. 
His Majeny's Ship 3t, Vincent was pald off at 
‘Plymouth on the same day, when the flag of Ad- 
biiral the Right Hon. Earl of Northesk, G,C.B. 
























‘716% 


‘was struck, and that of Admiral Sir Manley Diz 
‘oa, KCB. holsted on board His Majesty's Ship 
Caledonia, under similar ceremonies. ‘The gallant 
officers left thelr respective stations with the ge- 
amoral regret of those amongst whom they had 
amed the short period of their command. Tye 
‘Victory is paid off into Ordinary. Capt. H. Par- 
er comminnooed the St. Vincent, and Cape. B. 
Carry the Caledonia. 

"His Majeny Ship Detar, xt Chatham, bas 
‘been paid arrears of wages dowa to six oaths, 

“His Majesty's Ship Ocean (60), Capt. P. Camp- 
Dell, C.B. was paid off at Plymouth into Ordinary, 
cn the 15th of May, having completed a period of 
three years service in the Mediterranean. The 
‘Ocean was fitted oat for this sation in the early 
part of 1827. 

His Majesty's Sloop Cadmas (10), Commander 
Sie T. RT. Toomptoo, returved from the South 
‘American Station on the 25th of April, and was 
pd of into ordinary on the Tth-of May. ‘The 
Cadmus was commissioned in Jely 1836, at Wool- 
‘wich, by Capt. Charles Hallowell. 

His Majesty's Ship Briton, was psid of at 
Portsmouth on the 30th of April, and recommls. 
sioned immediately for Channel Service, by Capt. 
Dott Markland. 

His Majesty's Ship Herald, was paid off at 
Portumouth, and recommissioned for her former 
Coramanter Capt. G. B. Maxwell 

In consequence of unfavoarable winds, His 
Majesty's Ship North Star, did pot sail from Bt. 
Helens for the West Indies tll the 26th of Apel. 

On the ist of May, His Majesty's Sloop Pe 
Jorus, Commander M. Quin, was pald off at Cha- 
tham, baving been employed above three years 
{im the Mediterranean. The Peloras was on the 
‘Cork Station previous to ber going to the Medl- 
terrane 

His Majesty's Ship Hecla, Commander Hard 
ng, Intely returned from the cout of Africa, 
‘wat paid off at Woolwich on the 20th of May. 
Of her whole complement of commissioned and 
‘warrant officers who sailed from England, only 
two have eetarned, and of her crew about one- 
fourth. ‘The service on which ahe was employed, 
‘was in surveying a part of the cosat of Africa, 
about Sierra Leone. In ber late Commander, 
His Majesty's Naval Service has sustained the 
Joss of a mot zealous aod active officer; one 
‘whote leading principle was to advance the Inte- 
feats of bis couutry and the character of bis pro. 
fession. With his officers and a greater part of 

‘men, he fell a vietio to the climate of Afra, 
er having withstood its malignant effects der 
ing more than (our years of service in the Inte 
expedition nader Capt. W. Owen, With a more 
tan ordinary degree of composure, he prepared 
for bis approaching death, and devoted the lust 
moments he coald command, as he had throogh- 
‘ut his illness, to the duties of bis station. The 
Hecla will most likely be told oat of the service. 
Capt. Beleber bas been appointed to the ima to 
complete the survey. 

ils Majeuty’s Sbip Talbot, has been commls- 
sioned at Porsmonth, by Capt. R. Dickinon, 
C.B. for foreign service. 

His Majesty's Sloop Clio, was commiasia 
Plymonth by Commander J. J. Ondow, 

Th of May. 



























































CHANGRS IN THK STATIONS OF CORPS. 








169 

















Roberts, R. Hie. Hammond, H. Bt Vincent, 
Row, C. W. Bt, Vincent. Bt. Vincent. 
Sinclair, A. Clio. Caledonia. 
Shambler, J. Lively. Roney, J. M. Caledonia. 
Bt. Vincent, Caledonia. 
Donegal. runaeas. 
Sperk, T, Syivie. Herald, 
Stirling, J. P. Briton. ‘Talbot. 
‘Twysden, H. D. Prince Regent. Caledonta. 
Ward, 3. H. Pelican, Be Vincent 
Watkias, T.V. St. Vincent. Briton. 
Winsor, 6. Talbot. Co, 
Winaiett, W. Hyperion. CHAPLAINS. 
Wharton, J.P, Pymoath Ordinary. St. Vincent. 
Wright, C. M. Hyperion. Goldney, 3. K. Blood. 
masters. Briton. 
Farley, W. Herald. Caledonia. 
Sadler, F.W.R. St. Vincent, Secretary to Admiral 
Sidney, W. Talbot. Sir T. Foley. 
Thompson, R. MARINES CAPTAIN, 
sunGEONs. Caledonia. 
Chevers, F. B.M. Bt. Vincent, vinst LIEUTENANT. 
Rich, J.B. Caledoala. Caledonia. 
MD. Briton SECOND LiRUTENANTS. 
Herald. Chorchill, EW. Caledonia. 
ASSISTANT-SUROEONS. Parker, Britoa, 
St, Vincent. Reed, T. B. Talbot. 
CHANGES IN THE STATIONS OF CORPS 
SINCE OUR Last. 
Ist Dragoon Guards . from . Lo se ee to. Cahir, 
20 Dite se eS from. Dublin 2) 2! to 2 Manchester, 
3d Ditto): 2. from + Coventy : . 1)! to : Exeter. 
Gth Dito <2 5 + + from + Dublin ts to. Cork. 
Ist Dragoons . . + . from . Manchester . . . . to . Norwich. 
Qd Dito... + +; from + Ballincolly : : 2! to : Dorchester 
6th Dito +... from . Dundalk...) ) to} Dublin, 
7th Hussars |) | 1 from } Newbury .. . . ; to . Dundalk. 
Qh Dino. s+ fom 5 Dublin’ Sw * Longtd, 
12th Lancers |. + + from + Edinburgh 2. 2) to Dublin. 
Tith Ditto. from . Dublin... . . to . Newbridge, 
‘8th Foot under orders for Halifax, Nova Scotia. 
Lith Foot Depét.. . « from . Cork... . . . to . Portsmouth. 
th Dito". Bengal, under onder for England 
17th Ditto , under orders for New South Wales, 
2B Dito Dito Nee tome Tialee een. to + Fermoy, 
32d Ditto + under orders for Canada. 
33d Ditto Ditto . . . from . Nass . ~~... . to . Burley. 
42d Ditto fff from! Paisley 2522 1 1 to] Perth. 
53d Ditto Ditto. |: : from > Nass 2... . . to + Chester. 
55th Ditto Ditto . . . from . Sheerness . . + + to . Chatham, 
57th Ditto Ditto: . . from . Languard Fort; : 2 to | Chatham. 
62d Dito Tlf from S Cork 2 2 ft 2 Chatham.® 
Sith Ditto ss + + fiom Chee shee 2 to) Dublin 
72d Ditto Ditto’... from +s 4 to. Glasgow. 
75th Ditto | + Canterbury, under orders for the Cape of Good Hope. 
86th Ditto Ditto from. Buterant «0s. ss tos Traleo 
88th Ditto Ditto . . . from lee. ss 1. to. Languard Fort, 
89th Dito. . at Madras omdered to England. 
GIst Ditto Ditto from . Londonderry . . . . to . Paisley. 
‘2d Batt. Rifle Brigadedo. from . Deal... 2 |] to. Dover, 


‘* Under orders for Madras. 





DEATHS. 


April 11th, At Oxierbrook, near Frankfort, 
Croasdale, b. p. Sth Foot. 
LIRUTRMANTS. 

May 28th, 1827. At Mangalore, Rose, b. p- 
Royal Waggon Train. 

Jan, $24, 1830. Borns, b. p. 6th Foot. 

Feb, 24th, Schafle, b. p. Brunswick Cavalry. 

‘March 7th. At Omagh, Ireland, Moses, a7ih 
Poot. 

March 20th. At Mangalore, Browne, bh. py 
Royal Waggon Train. 

‘March 224. At Woolwich, Davie, late of Sap- 
pers and Miners. 

March 30th. At Jersey, Stanford, ate 3d Royal 
‘Veteran Battalion. 

‘April eth. At Newark, Else, b. p. 35th Foot. 

April 10th. At Leith Fort, Dawson, Royal Ar- 
tillery. 

‘April 12th. Hendly, h. p. 17th Foot. 

April 13th At Trowbridge, Waldron, b. p. 
61h Foot, 

ANSIONS. 

Oct. 26th, 1829. At Bangalore, Cathrow, Ist 
Poot. 

Feb. 30th, 1890. Marsoo, b. p. 13th Foot 

March 10th. At Elgin, Du, late 3d Veteran 
Battalion. 

PAYMASTERS. 

Fete Sth, Kerr, b. p. 624 Foot. 

March 23d, At Omagh, Ireland, Duddea, 
32d Poot. 





March 14th, Morrison, Inte 7th Veteran Bat- 
talion. 
‘March 15th. Armbrecht, h. p. Sth Line Bat. 





April 4th. Dawsoa, h. p. 19th Dragoon Guards. 
April Sth. Thompsoo, b. p. 6th Dragoon 
Guards. 
cbtilow. Bradbry, hp. Pembroke Pencible 
avalry. 
Feb. 3d. Assstant-Commissary-General Ermat- 
inger, b. p. 
Dee. 20th, 1629, At Pau, Depaty-Assstant- 
Commissary-General Nugent, h. p- 
Feb. oth, 1830, At Hildesheio, Wetalg, b. p. 
nt Line Battalion German Legion. 
‘28th, At Wellington, Shropshire, Pant- 
ing, h. p. Staff. 
‘April 13th. At Mullingar, Farnan, 24th Foot. 
ASHISTANT-AURGEONE. 
March 26th, Nelson, b. p. Stat 
April 20th. Finlayson, b. p. 99th Poot. 
APOTHECARIES. 
Dec. 24h, 1820. At Prior Park, near Clon- 
smell, Constable, bs p. 
Feb, 28th, 1930. At Kingston, Ja 























Nov. 19th. At Madras, Major-General James 
Leith, of the Hon, East India Company's Ser- 
vice. The deceased held the office of Judge Ad 
voeste General of the Madras Army upwards of 
thirty years; and, during that long period, was 
‘emineitly distingaished by a clear and compre- 
hensive Judgment, and 2 powerfal and acute 
mind. The varios works he ptblithed afford 
roof of his deep research, his critical dizeern. 








m7 


ment, and the extent of his acquirements. The 
few, the very few, who now survive, of those who 
‘shared his friendship, may traly say, in the em- 
phatic tanguage of the poel— - 

“ Quando ullam laventent parem 1 


In the East Indies, Mr. George Mar, Parser, 
of Hl. M. 8. Challeager. 

March 29th, On board H. M. 8. Pallas, on 
hhis passage from the Coast of Africa, Lieut, 
artes B. Greene, RN. late Lieutenant of the 
Bibylle, youngest son of Capt. Pitt Burnaby 
Greene, R.N. of Wykebam, Hants, 

‘On the Coast of Africa, Lent. B.C. M. Car 
ringtoo, RM. of H. M. 8. Sibylle. 

‘On the Coast of Africa, Mr. George Moxon, 
Purser of H. M. 8. SibyHe: a an whose 
‘many estimable qualities will endear his memory 
In the soinds of his mesamates. 

‘April 17th. Commander Joseph Withers, R.N. 
retired 1829. 

‘At West Malling, Kent, Lieut. Charles Broome, 
RN. 

‘At Bexill, Colonel Weatherstone, of the Hon. 
E. 1. Company's service. 

"At Exeter, Capt. Thomas Brett, formerly of the 
Sth Light Dragoons. 

May 3d, Admiral Tsane Prescott. He com- 
manded the Queen of 98 guns, bearing the flag of 
Vice-Adroiral Harland, in Keppel’s action with 
D’Orvilliers; an action which, from the pecullar 
Clreamstunces attending It, was productive of 
‘more party clamour and acrimonious invective, 
than perhaps any other event in naval blatory 
and which led to the celebrated court-martal 
Admiral Keppel. In 1781, be was stationed 
Newfoundland 1a the Mercury, of 28 gums. He 
‘was made Post, April 8th, 1778; Reer-Admiral, 
June Ist, 1795; Viee-Adsalral, Feb. 14th, 1700; 
‘and Admiral, Nov. Othy 1705: He married a 
daughter of the Rev. Richart Walter, who was 
‘Chaplain of the Centarion with Lord Anson, and 
the repated author of "Anson's Voyage.” ‘The 
‘Adiniral has left several children, one of whom, « 
Vost-Captain in the Royal Navy, has much dis- 
tinguished himself. The Admiral at the period of 
hin death was in the 03d year of his age, and 
cond in seniority on the Navy List. 

Lieat. John Bloomfield, R.M. (1822.) 

May 5th, Lieut. Cesar Arthar Hawk 
Regitnent Bombay Native Infantry. 

‘May 6th, At Blackheath, aged 63, Lachlan 
M'Lean, Eig. He had served upwards of afty 
ears in bla Majesty's naval service, and searcely 
‘ twelvemonth has elapsed since be retired from 
his office of Paymaster of Peasions of Greenwich 
Hospital. 

May 10th, At the Royal Naval Hospital, Hi 
lar, Mr. W. Kingdon, Admiralty Mate of H.M.8. 
Palla 

‘At Leominster, aged 44, Capt. C. Stevenson, 
RM, 

May 16th, James Greensill, Esq. prinelpal 
Clerk in the Commander in-Chlef's Offic 

‘At Windsor, aged 75, Capt. Richard O’Meara, 
ove of his Majenty’s Poor Knights, and formerly 
Captain in the 40th Regiment. 

May 16th, After a lingering Ulness, Capt, 
Janes Garland, BLN. in his 44th year, 

May 20th, Capt. R. B. T. Sutton, B 
ther of the late Sir Charles Sutton, K.C: 















































773 


SUPPLEMENT. 
LETTER FROM TOULON, TO THE RDITOR OF THE U.S. J. 


Brirpctrpey Ah Wi tt 
We have the pleasure of giving below a portion of the communication from 

our Correspondent at Toulon to which we alluded in the Portfolio. "Tt has 

reached ufvat the eleventh hout, and after we had gone to press;, but the subject 

is of such peculi terest at this moment, that we have 

all hand# to give it a Ieee! habitation in the present Number of the Journal 

‘A mouth henee, it may not have possessed the same interest.—En. 


200k May. s 
i ‘Toulon, May 16th, 1830, — 
Touron presents at this moment not Jess an amusing, than an {n= 
ceeetiog SBDB and well repays the inconvenience to whieh all are ex- 
posed who venture within its walls, which it is calculated contain, at 
resent, double the usual population, From the windows of La Croix 
Malte, the Place de Lys presents # scene of the greatest confusion. 
It is encumbered, almost jonchée, as our French acquafitances wonld— 
say, (not, however, -as thiey often amply the term to afield of battle, 
with cadavres, but) with earringes! It is a Colonne serrée of Diligences, 
like the bodies of half a dozen couches aud chariots glued back to buck 
of Cyclopean mail-portés, with their solitary lamp In the iniddle of 
their—foreheuds ; of Cabrivlets, exhibiting in their various forms the 
links between a carriage anda tax-cart ; and of Voilwres of all sorts and. 
sizes. Misplaced among them appear private carriages of all nations ; 
and eminent amidst them is seen the handsome coach of the Duchess 
de Montebello, worthy of the best atelier in Long=Acre, The panels 
are embellished with two Marshal's datons, covered with fleurs.de-tis, 
crossed and tied together, surmounted by the strawberry-leafed coronet, 
composing a beautiful oroament. Even this handsume equipage can- ) 
EI cing netric a remise being as scarce as a 
I-rOUm. i 
Her Grace ix here in order to take leave, aw bord de'la mer, of her. 
son, x young officer, who has volunteered to serve fn the ranks os a 
private in one of the regiments of the ling, and whose ambition is to 
wear the red cotton epaulette of the grenadier company. But this is” 
impossible, being against efiquettc, until the regiment has been in 
fire—when it is promised. He is not singular in thus coming forward, . 
as La Gloire has produced a like sentiment in others, among whom is 
a sous-prefel, who has for the time turned his pen into re taal Tt 
may be doubted if he has changed his more appropriate weapon into 
‘one more dangerous, (however murderous the other,) that is to ray 
“ since the schoolmaster is abroad.” 7 . 
‘The confusion ix wmusing toa spectator ; but when he ventures down 
into the arena, it is almost as dangerous ag to have become a combat- 
ant in the olden time of savage and gladiatorinl Rome. It is difficult 
to parry the uttacks of all sorts aimed at you, on all Sen. by all kinds: 
of s+ Quatre bons Chevaux, ils feront le trajet i Marseilles, 
en huit heures,” says un importunate Voiturier, * Non, je vons remer- 
cie,—Ils sont forts—Non, mercie, mercie!—Je lex garniral on ini 
minutes, si Mensieur—Non, diable, non! Croyex vous nanan 
avant l'expedition!—Cela sulit.” 















di 


Tie LEDERER, PROM POULON.) 


almost regret that ae 
street contains a moving mass of hustlers ‘and elbowers, 
raniks and conditions to an i, that would ini ; 


* says. a gol 
eos who ‘til of Bonet by pe ieee by the officers of ‘itt 


importance a¥ though’ 

veal conamtsioned teplack te ey by the OSCE 
tating over the best meuns of currying their instru 
“ Gare!” says @ lees polished faquin, with am oneravone Grunkcson aie 
shoulder, followed by aba! 9 owner, whose cocked bat and crimsoaveleee! - 
facings, embroide preprihealeerresgers cor, 
feel bound to give way to this gay th un 

to regiments not in the Deighbourhood hie: 

uaintly eall them galopins, who bavi 
Hiajoe a extra staff officers 5 all feeling t they shall, en 
have higher claims on France and posterity ever B 
boast, Groups of officers of the Tin “ener 
Tong blue surtonts, with weal 
are met at every turn, each indis 
basket-Hasks oF bavereacks enn] 


the whiskers belonged, into which ia 

for their noses Seagal to meet | 
other cheek! "The toush ims peste | 
even notice from, the hi 
‘were not causes suflicient to prener ems 

thelr station to increase the crowd, and unfo 
wit to warble stanzas the most likely to draw 






LETEER FROM TOULON.| | Tisyt 


Frenchmen at this eventful period. The following it was necessdry 

to purchase to understand, as, though it was to be ascertained the Dey” 
was the subject, its fall purport wax lost in the dang of the“ " 
minstrel,” worthy of a parish elerke giving out the 119th Psalms 


LExreuirion propa. 0099 8 








+ nk ohne 
‘Tu soumetteas le Dey'd’ Alger, Chaute dans hes bataities sy 
France, pa to vaillance j Sois sie qu'au son duennon, |) 
Eibarquans-ncus go Vgliger Der clairoas, das chansons, |...) 
‘Lo Frangaia ne craint pas le danger (6is.) “Famoberont tes murailleg. | 

stron sou bien, ‘Tu soumettras, ett, ~ vt 

‘ous avons Ie moyen “ i 

Ds pvitloc at pirates} Bi dans les fern out souifert 

‘Tous tes forbans, tos brignnids ‘Par des tourmena diversy 0) 

Seront-ils arrogans Dos Chiritiong. x 

En yoyant nos trégates 2 ‘Tous lours wi % leurs 
‘Tu soumettras, ete. ‘Ont exalré leurs corre 5 

Cou 

‘Nous te battrons, te vainerons, 

FA puis nots te prendrous, o 

Comme un loup 4 la trapipe. 

Quond le Francais est tout prot 

De voler an succds, % 

Craindhit-il un satrap Gea arian Oee nhad 
To spemmageate Gloire d tous ncn troupinny, "|! 2! 

‘Toujourn houreux et joyouxy Gloire a notre: marine. difoad 





Lo Frangais. couragoux ‘Tu soumettrag, ato, 
Besides living obstacles, the street is encumbered with tracks Iadens* 
with ne, boxes and trunks, and that travelling indigponsable: to! 
1a Frenchman, a sae de nuil, which, by the by, will make no bad pile!» 
low to their bed of sand, . The treasure is ulso wheeled down om small! 
i carts by the sailors, wham the wags of Toulon eall Lex Robine da! 
bots. i neers) 
‘The first and second divisions of infantry, commanded by Geveral 
Barthegene and General Loverdo, and the ‘artillery, corps de Geniey) 
and sappeurs have been embarked these two days, but the third diviz | 
vision of General Le Due 2'Excars only went on board this mornings 
‘The different regiments marched in from the villages around, where 
they have been quartered, to the beat of their eternal drums, aad pre" 
ceded by their scarv-crow pioneers Some of the regimenta were in 
their light blue or French Eray rent coats, and others in their blag 
uniforms, and ay rod in tolerable: order, though by no means ~ 
body of men. ie See are much imp and sed far Wetter 
than their former mi haversacke, and by being boarded at the |” 
sides, allow a ticken case, containing their wt ts ‘oF great coats, to” 
rest upon them. They were munty with an ianut and choice — 
selection of ‘tin kettles and pans, exemplifying the interesting fact in |” 
the natural history of man, above all the Frenchman, being a cooking» ' 
animal. It is supposed, out of the 35,000 now embarked, 17,500 are’ 
‘ofessed cooks, thaagh Bat all Cordon Blens, ‘Chey have but one © 
Getty the ay onet being» attached: the! pouch, aad though it: 
destroys uniformity, ax it lightens the soldier, they have done 4 
in suppressing the other: -sio hice Were se) hee ue alt 


Unless the Minister of War thinks the army requires promotion, lie © 














é rater as ‘the rest, from. the 
et rome teatro arene 
boop bt bar aeelione orarieclo tna 

> oF thé: yalité, B 


. Gene 
ate overloaded toa degeve.. ‘The 


in with roofs, and though 
jon of thely guns on board. It isito b 
ii bl Abend and con 
ove! ase 





* LETTER FROM. TOULON. e9Tr 


from Boulogne to Moscow, and from Cedis to Dantzie. . Had bus,her 
piri ed-on the passage, what misery, bloodshed, and distress, 
th public and private, might not have been saved to the world! . At 
the moment when descending from her side to the boat, from whence 
he was carried on the people's shoulders to the land, and when populer 
feeling broke throngh all quarantine laws, and overcame all persanal 
fears, little did Napoleon think this vessel would, within fifteen yeara, 
again bear the Fleur-de-lis, Yet they are conspicuous .on her stern, 
and eugles and bees are passed into oblivion. Sic (ransit gloria mundi ! 
‘Immediately behind these fine ships, is the barrack of the Garde, (nei- 
ther the old nor the new,) but of la garde Chourme—both a corps.and 
appellation, that require explanation. There are no less than 5000 
oondamnés, or forcast, or convicts as we call them, employed in the 
Dock-yard at ‘Toulon hale and hardy ruffians—and to keep them in 
proper control, and to prevent all ibility of their rising, much 
precaution is taken. They inhabit hulke, which only communicate with 
an insulated part of the Dock-yard, to he approached by boats, and which 
ints of passage are in the face of troops, and cannon pointed and 
louded. That troops would not be flattered with such an occupation is 
easy to be conceived, and to avoid bringing the military class into dlis- 
credit, or hurting the feelings of officers, an experiment was tried, 
which has fully succeeded, of forming a battalion of 800 men, who sleep 
under the hospital of the convicts, without any officers whatever. 
This sounds very anomalous, bat is no less true, and the highest 
rank among them is a serjeant-major. These are the garde Chourme, 
for which no other meaning is given, than its being an old, almost 
lete word for dregs, and possibly, if not certainly, our scum, , The 
front of the arsenal to the harbour is faced by a bomb-proof rampart, 
pierced with innumerable embrasures, and bristled with cannon, aw 
niveau de la mer. This may appear within what would be si 
all chance of attack, but the harbour is capable of being entered with- 
out any overwhelming danger by a hostile squadron, and Lord Ex- 
mouth, in 1814, at one moment, after chasing the French fleet from 
Rosas Bay, had the intention of following it into its haven of refuge. 
On the left, on a stone jetty, are erected the finest Sheers posible, 
and consist of three masts, one being lately added, in order that they 
may still be employed, if one should become dangerous or require re- 
pair. A Government steam-vessel, only launched two days since, (for 
our neighbours begin to understand the value of time,) was taking in 
her engine and boilers. Immediately beyond the sheers, are seen ris- 
ing above the water a number of black and misshapen points or ends 
of large pieces of timber—being the miserable remains, the ribs and 
trunk ef the Blanche, an old eighty-gun ship, lately burned by 
‘two convicts on board, who hoped to escape in the consequent con- 
fusion. Though tried, the evidence was not strong enough to bri 
the crime home to them. Shot were fired through her bottom to sin 
her. At Marseilles, a vessel armed with cannon ever loaded is always 
for this. purpose in the harbour, to prevent the calamity spreading. 
The view of the roadstead, when fully opened, iv magnificent, and 
recalls to the recollection the Mother-bank at the most active period of 
the late war. Tho ships gradually increase in size as they recede from 
you, till the line-of-battle ships seem resting on the oppesite benk, 
U. 8. Journ. No. 18. Junr, 1830. Be 





TS LATTER Pee roskey. 


winle cheir white tags sre-seil comernecect wishk tie qversr bite: beyond: 
and chrngh “herr <egny woe the cme zew naval heenirei. Fo 
the vett ue Gane Sent. the western ourward iimit of tie Zarhemr; snd 
spperte che Fort of 3t. Margaret. om the eastern beamdary. with the 
Toten Fyeres hevond : sad siose w onr ‘eft. as2 corecreand, in Lea Grose 
Tear. somaietsng the panomms. This torcrese is said to bewe been 
commenced ov St. Leonia. bur whether thin Se toe oF false. it om 
va ride in the curiems incidems thet ocurred after our 
erscastoa nf Tsnina. 

in dir 2. Her came into the harbenr, suppesing the place stil 
jm sar prenesaon. 1nd Daming chin trewning bulwari, quietiy anchored. 
Tie Capitaine du Port came off. aa in dury beend: thous mot te 












ho 

Fies were munued. i at be ae bt eee ~ Cat the exble !” 

wan the oa!7 zepiy. and the vessel wae sone retruciag ker track, amd 

the Capicsine dav Port foand. we his grest astmighment. that he hed 

caught a Tartar, and was carried vat to sea, himeelfa primmer, sunleré 
Jo Growe Tomr, and the reat of the defences 

The wanle sea in abve with bmea, and the nesrest vemels ta the 


by experiments, ex- 
tending even to whole broadsides, the firing gives ne check to the 
fallest play of the engine. 

Next to the steamers are the six bomb-veasels, each of which has, 
besides the crew, 120 soldiers om beard ; for the troops, with the ex- 
ception of the cavalry and train, are all embarked on board the men- 
of-waz, The next vessels, rather to the right, are all transports, sum- 
bared on the side, as in our service, of which many, particularly these 
“taken up” in Italy, are very bad. 

Only about 150 still remain to receive the 4000 horses and mules 
belonging to the artillery, train, cavalry, and staff: a fleet of 200 more, 
with their immense materiel of the army, are lying ready to sail oat 
ride Lex Isles Hyéres, at the entrance of the harbour. It is impossible 
to conceive the expense and liberality of Government in fitting ent the 
Expedition ; nothing has been spared thet could be required, under 
any pomible circumstances, and in consequence it is impossible to-be 
more complete ; indeed, it did require the form of a carte blanche 
for this purpose, when the Minister-of-War and the Commander-ine 
Chief of the expedition are united in the same person. - Little short of 
a hundred pieces of battery artillery, (exclusive of the ships and bombs 
‘vesscls,) accompany the army, with 1000 rounds to each, and they have 
even taken gabions, and fascines, und sand-bsgs, ready filled, to prevent 
fallure from the want of any thing on a landing | ‘The cost, or rather the 

“timate, (and estimates are much the-same all over the work, about 

{what is eventually expended,) is reckoned at four milligas sterling. 





LUTTBR FROM POULON a9 


ue, eases) iAioezs to wih this immense means, are -Lahitte of ‘the 
‘Artillery, and Velazie of the: Engineers. we 
But to return to the view of the harbour. Beyond the transporte, 
which have no bails, or divisions, like in oure, the borsesetanding toose 
oa the shingle, (though they bave slings in case of bad weather,) are 
the 23 brize and guburres:;:outside of these the 24 frigutes; of which 
32 are of 60 guns; and last ure the.11 ‘sail of the line, only-three: ef 
which ure-armed complete. As the frigates are neared, the wheels #£ 
the field artillery and caissons, of which six batteries ‘accompany the 
‘army, are seen festened in their chains, and the tlat-bottonted Beate for 
landing the troupe sre slung outside, amidships ; the larger ships 
carry others between the fore and muin-masts:' Fhe size-of the six¢y 
gum frigates is not. known--till on board, when: they are found to have 
finer decks thon. the:main-deck.of the seventy-fuurs, and-are by met 
surement higher and wider, ‘They carry French thirtys (our thirtyt 
twos) throughout, and have masts of eighty-gun ships. ‘Their equi 
Page consists of 500 men. In fine weather little inferior to's 
seventy-fuur, they woald in bad weather be a match for two, as’ th 
carry their guns so far out of water. But they are much finer 
than the old sixty-fours, which used to be considered as line-of-battle 
ships. Qaght not our Admiralty to consider the changes these kitid 
of-vessela,-und the use of others propelled by steam, are likely to pre: 
duce in warfare? Ench of these large frigates have 600 suldiers'én 
board, while the line-of-battle ships have 11, 12,and 1300, being. perril. 
crowded; but the French have at all times stuffed their. ships wit 
troops almost to repletion ; the dirt and confusion ix in consequenod 
very great, and the officers of the ships by no means in good-humour, 
From thie cause the fleet is seen to great disadvantage, but they are, 














pesiect vand creditable stats. 
Commander-in-Chief,-Virs= 


while-on boord; aud have little foraging caps, eurrounded with tive 
aud red plaid. ‘The officers. have the like, and are distinguished ibp 
distinctive marks in their bands. : et tte thé 
zdnpalling alongside; you fancy the stale joke renlised of their-béheg < 





LEUTER, FROM, TOULON., B- 


trinngles! one of its sides; | to. the wea, 
a mate 


7 
watt the Fort of Bab sear equally, 
Sultwun Rellabsia: ‘The. sea face a gay 


sbsiniag kati he 9 tare 
middle of the , Smelly: 
the miore ie rb the ge 





ire Dey hing Jatel 
key of the whale line 
Citadel of Sultaun Kellahei, whieh 


Erber erp a | 


deri otra cpr bosie isclgal ae ms 
mn bebrind, nn ted to be the principal object of att 
fallawill lay all el y tbe tnvedery 

“The most feasible place for landing is offered ward 
town, ss the country des east of the apot where Charles 
Janded:and O'Reilly in 177: Bea ee) broken sand covered 
‘bushes, and incapable of to 

fw se not that, Bg ‘ 















tay fm 
diermbathativn, for 
surf 


boats, cach able to contail 1 
Iebeing thus ute to bring, 
8000 nen, oF half 

So rene a a ape SL 


URI RR? PRONE 1OOLON! 8 
vwith 20 cistorm of rain warorsT eh 


the! bat . 
err aera aa siencee aac 
are to receive through a 

the coayt ofS) " ins which will "nbt’ We ‘ntueli ‘Fresh xc 
itis nov staned htt ti be a ree quit 
other jes, which would Be! 40 eit 

sith eA SDI od 0H oA 
i] 


separa las aaa me shi 1 oad of sed 
: haw till’ now teen directed 
cant ae rae ea ea 
im comparison to what threatens them, that little mu: bu tol Le 
Tho wholenorthert oust of Africa’ Be t 
a 


countey; like Endia ia our’ hands, 
timed IE) oe 

















tances, iets likely, to 
rally round the? stun 
be-thus: 


has not an ally without the wall 
murder the st 


INDEX 


To THE 


FIRST PART OF 1830. 


Asnanan plains of, 24 
‘Achievereats, ‘Miltary, 129, 256, 382, 
‘Acdons and ater remarable cocurences, 


at, 83 
‘Address to “sa in 


‘Adventures in the Ride eel 478 
African Travellers, 187 
‘Albuera, battle of, 100, 206, 223, 420 
‘Alerander, J. E., Eaq. his account of the 
thirmiah in Ruel; 610 
‘Aigiens expeditge weninee 076 
expedit inst, 67 
aie Teach Bape agaist, 763 
Ali, Prinee,. aceount of, 148 
All's Well; or Recollections of my Youth, 
613 
Alsianack, companion to, 108 
‘Almirante, captared by’ the Black Joke, 
14, 503. 
Altes, Gen. Baron, 5, 207, 488 
Amencan Navy, its state, 217, 362 
‘Anatolius city built by, 38 
‘Ancients thee tactic, 624 
André, Major, his melancholy fate, 15 
‘Andrews, Capi. ile, 23; presentment of, 


dee trisection of it, 622 
‘Antals of the British Army, 256, 381, 611, 


647, 770 
Fleet, 123, 264, 38¢ 
Peninsular Campaigns, 201 ; 
errors in, 231, 491 
i, ships’ wrecked on the island of, 
306 ; visit to, 559 
‘Aphorisms of Sir Philip Sidney, 84 
‘Appointments, 121, 133, 248, 510, 640, 768 
Naval, remarks on, 636 
‘Armies, European, priority of services in, 
160 
Army, minor punishments in, 97 
—, composition of, 720 
— distribution of, 125 
— General Orders, Circular, éc. to, 
103, 244, 373, 505, 638, 765 
— French, law for recruiting, 62 
U.S. Journ. No. 18. Juxe, 1830. 




















Army, French, for 1830, 216 
——-, Indian, 95, 118 

——-, Estimates for 1430, 377 
tal teers oe 

— t of, 75" 

Amold, his a e 

‘Amaral and 2 saa 508, 

val ’y 
eres ey 
Arta, or Eraerum, city of, 29 
Arata, Foreign, standard p 


——, French, 676 a8 
Royal Marine, 3320. 
Asia, Russian conquests in, 28: 
‘Aasye, battle of, 211 : 
Athenaid, ‘or Modern Grecians, a Poem, 


‘hanes; Acropolis at, 162 
Atlantic, North, rocks ia, 241, 242 | 
Austria, military studs of, 90° 
‘Austrian army, its state, 160 

Ava, the late service in, 340 








Babert, town of, 31 
Baleares, Lord, 140 





pension to his widow, 99 
Beamish, Major, his tranalation of Bis- 
pate Tactio, 209 
wer, Capt. Philip, design of a perpetual 
log proposed to him, oe 
Beeches, Cop. marative of, 98 
Belzoni, te, 191 
Bengal army, particulars respecting, 361 
Benito de Soto, account of, 427, EB 
Bentham, Sir'Samuel, his su 
naval economy, 41, 197 ; on th 
tion of expenditure without ii pie 
efficiency of the naval and military esta 
Dlishments, 332, 603. 
Bentinck, Lord William, 702 
Berpan-up-Zoom,aurprie of 4) 
Berkin, condact of Napoleon at, 8 
ar 











INDEX. 


9n Thomas Holloway, i. ; on Mr. David 

Cou Matal, regula respecting, 508 
courts ations a 

Craufurd, Brigadier-Gen, secre expaition 
under, 311 ; 

lise up the enay, 69% 

ser ae, Eee from, 446 

Csikos, or horse-keepers, 91 

Cuba, bloodhounds of, 142 

Cudjoe, a Maroon chief, 138 

Cuirassiers, fate of, 313 

———-; French, aj 

Cumberland, Richz 
354 

‘Curagoa, lines on the capture of, 674 

Cyril Thornton, interest in, 201 


Dacres, Admiral, letter of, 601 

Dalhousie, Far! of, 233 

Dalmatia, Duke of, 1 

Dalrymple, Gen, Sir H. biographical ac- 
count of, 646, 698 

Damascus sword blades, 749 

‘Dashwood, Sir Charles, 93, 95 ; on break- 
ing the line, in reply to the Quarterly 
Review, 352 

Davoust, Marshal, 89 

Day's Journal on board a Transport, 311 

Deaths, 134, 262, 389, 618, 645, 770 

Defensor de Pedro, a pirate ship, 430 

Denham, Col. travels of, 188, 191; error 
respecting, 364 

D’Erlon, Count, 1 , 

Devil’s Rock, account of it, 241 ; its posi- 
tion, 760 

Diamond Rock taken, 711 

Diary, secular, of the nineteenth century, 
102 





cr 











nce of, 154 
is memoirs, 93, 














Dickson, Col. Sir Alexander, 89 
Disabilities, contracted on service, pensions 
for, 108 
Discharges, conditions “under which they 
may be obtained, 112 
Discipline, Naval, observations on, 277 
—— force of, 348 
military, 468 
Discovery, maritiine and inland, 233 
Distinctions, honorary, 101 
Ditches of fortresses, 321 


























Dockyards, reductions in, 235 
Donkin, Sir Rufane, his letter to the Edi- 
tor of the Quarterly Review, 187 
Douglas, Sir C, 94, 99, 952, 467 
ir Howard, on breaking the ene- 
my’ line, 93; allusions to, 100, 925, 
92 ; his reply to the Quarterly Review, 
353 tional statement of facta, 
595 ; on naval gunnery, 604 
-, town of, 309 
Downes, Lieut. captures the Almirante, 74 
Drunkenness, sin of, 466 
Dublin, castle at, 342 
Dubourdieu, Capt. brigade of, 231 





Earthquake, shock of one, 176 
Echalar, pass of, 7 
Economy, naval, st 


ions in, 41, 197 
Edgecombe, F. Esq, letter of, 599 
Editor's Portfolio, 100, 233, 369, 502, 





Education, Naval, 59 

Egypt, mids of, 189 

EO ead, arial of, in France, 219 

Eighteen-gun-brigs, equipments and qual 
ties of, 330 

Elliott, Mr. 144, 145 

Ellis Bay, Anticosti, 559 

Enactments, penal, 67 

Enaro, a New Zealand chief, 651 

Encyclopedia Britannica, new edition of, 


Endicott, Capt, breakers discovered by, 243 

English Army in France, 635 

Enrolment, voluntary, 62 

Equator, ceremonies ou crossing, 10 

Erectheus, temple of, 162 

Enzrum, city of, its situation, 28 

Estimates, naval and military, for 1830, 
376, 377 

Europe, navy of, 623 

European powers, comparative strength of, 
92 


Evans, Colonel, and India, 229, 492 

Excerpta Historica, 685 

Exmouth, Lord, 325 

Expenditure, diminutios of, without im 
ing the efiiciency of the naval and mili- 
tary establishments, 332, 603 

Extracts from a cruiser’s ld, 446 





Family Cabinet Atlas, 763 

Family Classical Library, 103, 369, 502,763 

Farewell, Lieut. murdered, 519 

‘wo India, 697 

Fire-arms, remarks on, 629 

Fitch, Col. 141 ; killed, 142 

Fiteroy, Gen Lord Charles, his death, 268, 

Fleet, British, annals of, 122, 254, 364 | 

Folard, Colloquies with, 265, 450, 624, 
629, 670, 751 

Foreign Miscellany, 85, 214, 346, 617, 746 

Fort Bard, capitulation of, 295 

Fort St. John, 24 

Fort William Henry, massacre at, 663 

Fortification, popular view of, 49, 316, 686 

Fortresses, on the attack of, 50; irregularity 
of, 320 

Foster, Commander, survey of, 234, 370, 
635 

France, naval force in, 88; military mis- 
sions in, 34: 

Francis I. artillery of, 676 

Frazer, Vice- Admiral, his death, 263 

French anny, law for recruiting, 62 











Lawford, Admiral, Jeter of, 601 - 

‘Lazaca, bridge of, 3 

Tecwaat Islands, deaths of the army in, 

Legge, Sir Arthur, letter of, 601 

Lester, Mr. his letter to the Earl of Sand- 
wich, 33 

Letters from Gibraltar, 423, 578 

Lieutenant-Colonels in the Army, 760 

Lieutenants, number of, 501 

Line, ceremonies on crossing, 10 

—, on breaking it, 93, 100, 325, 695 

Lisbon, memoranda relative to the lines 
‘thrown up to cover that city in 1810, 
621 

Liverpool, tele ah station at, 242 

Ee ee 

, perpetual, design for ope, 193 

ieee ‘Lord’ bis Narrative of the 
Peninsular War, 201; his account of the 
‘War in Germany and France, 369, 471 

Longitude, late board of, 486 

Loyalty, Canadian, 681 

Laneville, account of the French camp at, 
153, 

Ly h, Lord, 2 

eee 191 


Macintosh’s Waterproof cloth, 98 

Madras army, reductions in, 495 

‘Maitland, Lieut.-Gen. letter of, 602 

Malabar East Indiaman, destroyed, 13 
Lieut. 402 

en. his death, 646 

‘Manning, Lieut. court-martial on, 120 

‘Marcus Aurelius, observation of, 275 

‘Marines, uniform of, 370 ; tardy promotion 
of, 761 

Marly, Major, 20 

1a War, account of it, 137 

‘Marriages, 134, 262, 389, 518, 645, 770 

‘Marshall, Commander, his new mode of 
‘mounting and working ships’ guns, 69 

‘Marshall’s Naval Biography, 490 

‘Masters, second, in the navy, 98 

‘Materiel of the Navy, improvement of, 603 

‘Mathematical, knowledge, on, 49 

Mechanics, treatise on, 635, 

‘Medical inspection, 369 

Memoranda on reduction, 717 

‘Men-of-war, proposition for employing as 
traoapors, 45. 

‘Men-of-war's boats, new mode of construct 
ing, 235 eh be 

Metcorological Register, 136, 264, 302, 
520, 648, 772 

‘Mexican sea, fucus of, 237 

‘Mezoehegyés, stud of, 90 

‘Midshipman, curious description of one, 704 

Midshipmen, duties of in the Company’ 
service, 9 

Milan, grand military mancouvres near, 350 

















at West Point, 217 
emesis, 129, 256, 382, 512 
———- and Naval Portraits, 234 
establishments, present and former, . 





360 

—— medical departments, 631 

——- messes, address to, 716 

———- missions in France, 346 

Pensions, notes an, 221 

——- Promotions, 230, 387 

ishments, observations on, 465, 

223 











38 

‘Milne, Sir David, letter of, 600 

‘Mina’s soldiers, song of, 414 

‘Miscellaneous Intelligence, 247, 379, 509, 
640, 767 

Miscellany, Foreign, 85, 214, 346, 617, 746 


Missolonghi, engagement of, 164 

Moncrieffe, Gen. George, his death, 390 

‘Montagu, Admiral Sir George, his death, 
2 


63 

Montego Bay, town of 140 

‘Monthly Naval Register, 120, 246, 378, 
508, 699, 766 

Montijo, town of, 291 

Moorsom, Capt. his letters from Nova 
Scotia, 480 

More, Sir Thomas, 266, 267 

Moriarty, Capt. recommendation of, 35 

Morillo, Gen. 1, 4 

Morning Star, piracy of, 429, 579 

Morris, Vice- Admiral, his death, 647 

‘Movements by Thregs, 713 

‘Munro, Sir Thomas, life of, 208 

‘Murray, Hon, George, 275 

., Sir George, 700 

‘My First Affair, 186 


Nagle, Admiral, his death, 519 
—, Gustavus, his German translation of 
“Tha Subaltera,” 621 
—, Lieut.-Col. his death, 391 
Napier, Col. statement of, 87 
, his History of the Peninsular War, 
202 ; his reply to Gen. Brennier, 223 
‘Napoleon, on the art of war, 404 
at Berlin, 68 
Narrien, Professor, 81 
‘Naval Administration of Great Britain since 
15, 738 
— thd military establishments, diminu- 
tion of expenditure without impairing 
their cficiesey, 332, 754 
— Board to investigate plans and in- 
ions, 
College, instruction at, 60, 61, 366 
—- Commands and appointments, 630 

























INDEX, 


‘Quarter-Master-General, his replies to’ the 

Finance Committee, 717 

Jonathan Reader, 174 

‘Quebec, literary and historical society of, 
233 

Quilliam, Capt. his death, 135 


tt, R. report of, 337 
igh, remark of, 72 
Reader, Jonathan, account of, 174 
Recollections in Quarters, 340, 610 
Red Island, 306 
Redoubt, storming of one, 180 
Reduction, Memoranda on, 717 
Re-engagements, remarks on, 66 
Regimental subseripions, 497 
Staff officers, 632 
Reminiscences, naval, 613 
Rifle Brigade, adventures in, 478 
Rock, newly-discovered, in the West Indies, 
100 
—— in the North Atlantic, 242 
Rocroi, battle of, 268 
Rodney, Admiral, on breaking the line, 93, 
352 











Rogniat Controversy, 404 

Rorica, affair at, 87, 223 

Rose, Mr. wisdom of, 97 

Rotherham, Capt. letter of, 600 

Rothwell, Mfr. the portrait painter, 284 

Royal Edward, West India ship, 173 

—— Marine Artillery, 232 

—— Military College’at Sandhurst, sys- 
tem of Education at, 76 

— Naval College at Portsmouth, 220 

Navy, distribution of, 249 

Robens, picture by, 269 

Rule, Sir William, 326 

Rumelia, skirmish in, 610 

Russell, Commander, court-martial on, 507 

‘Russia, Emperor of, his letter to Baron’ Von 
Muéiling, 218 

Russian conquests in Asia, 28 








Saguenay, cruise up the, 693 

Sailings and Arrivals, 120, 246, 378, 508, 
639, 766 

Sailor's Home, Institution of, 762 

St. Bernard, mouiatain of, 8 

‘St. Christoval, Fort, 417, 419, 491 

St. Helena, observatory at, 242 

‘St, Lawrence, scenery in the, 306 

St, Petersburg, school of engineers at, 91 

Sainthill, Capt. Richard, biographical me- 
moir of, 32 

Sam Sprit to the Heditur, 226 

Sand Bank, account of one, 240 

‘Sandford, Col. 140, 141 

Sandhurt, system Of military education at, 

6 
Sandwich, Earl of, 32 ; letter of Mr. Lester 


ment of, 97, 365 





to, 33 
Savings’ Banks, establi 


191 


Sayer, Capt. letter of, 600 

Scammel, Colonel, 19 

Scott, Sir Walter, his History of Scotland, 
103, 502 


‘Sea, sparkles in it, sd 
Seniority, promotion by, 627 
Serapis, taken, 33 


Service Afloat during the late War, 9, 173, 
294, 538, 704 

rules in reckoning, 111 

Services, priority of, in European armies, 
160 

Sharp-shnoting at Woolwich, 658 

Sherbrooke, Lieut-Gen. his death, 519 

Ships, on the manning of, 248; number of 
‘put in ordinary, 254; thoughts on the 
Classification of, 324; appointments to 
the command of, 490 

Shoal, newly-discovered, 242 

Siborn, Lieut. system of, 40 
iney, Sir Philip, aphorisms of, 84 

jierra Leone in 1827, 564 

Simon’s Town, 345 

Sleep, advantages of, 265 

Smith, Capt. John, on Naval gunnery, 69 

Gen. letter of, 599 

Toshua, 16 

——; Matthew, report of, 339 

Sop VttrAdinira, anocdote of, 29 

‘Smyth, Capt. W. H. Meteorological Regis- 
ter, kept by, 196, 264, 392" 520, Ga, 
776 


















-———— his Memoir of Capt. 

Philip Beaver, 193; on the late Oceul- 
tations of Stars, 231 

Snodgrass, Major, work by, 750 

Soldier qualifeatons of obe, 86 

narrative of one who served in the 

Peninsular, 287, 415 

Soldiers, billeting’ of, 104; alteration in 
the mode of discharging, 244 ; regimental 
records of, 374 

Somerset, Lord Charles, 187 

Southey,’ Robert, on the Peninsular war, 
201 


Spain and Portugal, recollections of the late 
a 2 aT 41S 
‘Spanis iery, 677 
Te War, stale of, 313 
Sper, or Isper, plains of, 31 
Staff officer, rekimental, 632 
Stars, late occultations of, 231 
Staten Island, 234 
Stewart, Major-Gen. his death, 390 ; lines 
on, 546 
Storming of a Redoubt, 180 
Subscriptions, regimental, 497 
Suensen, Cap. theory of, 243 
Suggestions in Naval Economy, 41, 197 
Sully, minister of Henry 1V. 319 
Svrpiement—Letter from Toulon, 773 
Surgeons, regimental, 631 
Surveying Systems, military, remarks on, 38