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THE

MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS

OF TUS

SENATE OF THE UiNITED STATES

FOR TIIK

FEBST SESSION OF THE FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS.

Vol nine l.-
Volnuie 2.-
Volume 3,"
Volnme 4.-
Volnme 5.-
Volume 6 -

IS SIX VOLUMES.

-No8. 1 to 13, inclnRive.
-Noe. 14 to 163, inclusive, except No. 78.
-No. 78, Report ConimiBsioner of PnU*nts.
-No8. 164 to 245, inclusive, except No. 178.
-No. 178, Tariff Statements and tabU's.
-No 'Miif ApproprintlouM, Now Ottices, etc. '

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1890.

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THE MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS

THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES .

FOR
THE FIltST SESSION OF THE FIFTY-EIliST CONGRESS.

^bject. \ V '^ V \ t ^^' • ^^*'

^3"t\\\ \\

Accoants dae to and from the United States. Letter of W. S. Rosecrans j i

relative to -.| 44 | 2

Adjoamment. Concurrent resolution bj Mr. Edmnnds in relation to the. | 229 , 4

Agricnltnre. Letter of the Secretary of, transmitting synopsis of report i
upon the subject of irrigation by artesian wells '. 179

166

246
99

20:{

40 I 2

4
4
6

Agricultural interests. Resolution relative to the depression of

Alaska. Resolution in relation to seal fisheries in

Aldrich. Ckincurrent resolution by Mr., relative to the preparation of a

code of joint rules 2 1

Aldrich. liesolntion by Mr. , relative to the appointment of a select com-
mittee to be called the Qnadro-Centennial Committee li 1

Aldrich. Agreement by Mr., proposed for the consideration of bill H. H.

9416 (tariff) _ 221 4

Aldrich. Agreement for the consideration of H. R. 941 6 (tariff bill) : 221 4

Allison. Resolution by Mr., to limit debate on amendments to appro-

priaticm bills IKl ' 4

American citizens. Resolution relative to the protection of, in Cuba 19f)

Appropriation bills. Resolution to limit debate on amendments to 184

Appropriations for new offices ^

Arkansas. Petition of citizens of Union County, for legislation for the

protection of voters in theSoutliern States

Artesian wells. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of Washington

relative to sinking __ ; 71

Artesian wells. Synopsis of report of the Department of Agriculture I

upon the subject of irrigation by i 179

Athens, Greece. Letter of the Secretary of State in relation to the Ameri- '

can representative at.-- - I 134 | 2

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. Letter of the commissioners of
the District of Columbia relative to the occupancy of certain streets by
the _ __

Bankruptcy. Resolution providing for recommittal of the bill (H. H.

tVMG) to CRl:ftblish a uniform system of

Bankrupt tiill. Memorial of commercial bodies for the passage of

238 i 4

245 I 4

III

INDEX TO SENATE MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS.

Subject.

ISaie. Concarrent resolutions by Mr., relative to obstruct iug the view of
the equestrian statue of Andrew .Jackson by the erection of the Lafay-
ette statue

Kills. Resolution relating to printing private

Blair. Statement of Charles L. Randall concerning mica industry pre-
sented by Mr

Blair. Resolution by Mr., to amend the rules of the Senate to fix the

limit of debate

Blair. Resolution by Mr., to amend the rules of the Senate

]k>nded merchandise. Resolution of in(iuiry relative to the transship-
ment of _ 1— -

Benfoey, heirs of D. B. Memorial of

Borchuj^t, Albert. Petition of. relative to the destruction of forests in

the United States .

Bradford, U. S. Navy, Commander. Letter of, relative to system of elec-
tric lighting the Senate wing of the Capitol

Brightwood I^ilway Comp^tny. Report oonoemihg the operations of the.

Brown, George. Report of Court of Claims in case of

Burt, G. Rodney, and others. Petition of, in relation to lands owned by
, them in the Fiji Islands

Business of the Senate. Resolution relative to the order of. (Part 2)..

Business of the Senate. Amendments to resolution relating to

Butler. Resolubioa directing the Sergeant-at-Arms to lease the Mai thy
House -

Cal i fornia. Resolution relative to war claims of _

Call. Resolution by Mr., relative to land contests in the State of Florida.
Call. Resolution by Mr., relative to circuit court expenditures in Flor-
ida

Call . Resol ution by Mr. , relative to the Island of Cuba _

Call. Resolution by Mr. , relative to selection of swamp lands in Florida

Call, Wilkinson. Resolution relative to remarks made by

Call. Resolution by Mr., relative to the sale of lands claimed by the

Florida Central and Peninsula Railroad Company ___

Call, Wilkinson. Order relative to remarks make by

Call. Resolution by Mr., to amend Senate rules

Call. Resolution directing an investigation of published statements

touching Charles E. Swayne and Joseph Stripling

Call. Rc^lution of inquiry by Mr., relative to the landing of an armed

force ftrom the revenue-cutter MrLane

Call, Wilkinson. Resolution of inquiry relative to remarks made by

Call. Resolution by Mr., directing the preparation of a history of Senate

bills and resolutions .\

Call. Resolution of inquiiy by Mr., relative to elevators in the Western

States _ _

Call. Resolution by Mr., relative to the protection of American citi-
zens in Cuba .- _

Cedar Keys, Fla. Resolution of inquiry relative to the landing of an

armed force at

Central American States. Resolution relative to reciprocity with the

governments of the

Chambers, Smiley N. Rescilntion of inquiry relative to charges against
Chandler. Resolution by Mr., relative to organisations among navtd

officers -

Chandler. Concurrent resolution by Mr., relative to immigration laws.
Chandler. Resolution by Mr., relative to the maltreatment of Henry J.

Franz (Part 2)

Chandler. Kesolution by Air., relative to the assn^-<i nation of Deputy

United States Marshal W . B« Saunders at Quincy, Fla

No. ! Vol.

22.")

4
*>

232

207
192

4
4

153

2
2

51-

27
46

2
1

173
f210

4
4

r2i8

\219
55

9."^

103

105

122

150

174

175

187

199

150

188

.lit

•

INDKX TO 8ENATK MISCF^LLANKors OOrrMKNTS.

Subject.

No. ! Vol.

Chandler. Rcsolation by Mr., relatiTe to remarks made by Wilkinson
Call, a Senator Irom the Stateof FJoridu

Chandler. Resolution by Mr., to amend the rules of the Senate

Charitable institations. lieport of commissioners relative to the exclusion
of persons from, in the District of Columbia

Chiel- Justice of the Supreme Court. Letter of, transmitting letter of the
marshal of said court in response to Senate resolution calling for detailed
statement of fees charged -

Cherokee Indian tribe. Resolution authorizing investigation into the
status of negotiations with

Cherokee Nation. Remonstrance of the chief and delegates of the, against
organizing a Territorial government for Oklahoma

Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians. Memorial relating to lands of the

Chinese immigration. Resolution requesting the President to furnish
diplomatic correspondence relative to--^ ^

Chinese. Remonstrance of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presby-
terian Church of America against the proposed enumeration of the

. Chinese. Concurrent resolution relative to the prevention ol the entry of,
into the United States

Citizens' Equal Rights Association of the United States of America. Ad-

. dress of (Part2)

Clerks of Senate committees. Letter of the Secretary of the Senate trans-
mitting list of -

CloTeland Vessel Owners' Association. Memorial of the, relative to
St. Mary's Ship Canal

Cockrell. Memorial of convention of commercial bodies for the passage
of the Torrey bankrupt J)ill submitted by __. ..

Coeur d'Alene Indians. Correspondence relative to the ratification of
certain agreements between the U nited States and the

Coin and bullion. Resolution of inquiry relative to

Collins, Thomas T. Resolution of inquiry in relation to

Commerce^ the schooner. In the matterof

Commissioner of the General Land Office. Letter relative to entry in cer-
tain cases .

Confederate Government. Resolution of inquiry relative to records of the
late so-called — _ ..._

Conlerence report. By Mr. Plumb on disagreement of the House on
the bill (S. 2781) to forfeit certain railroad lands _.

Congressional Directory (Parta 2 and 3) __.

Consular fees. Resolution of inquiry relative to those paid consular oflieers

Colored citia^ens. Resolutions adopted at a mass meeting in Boston, Mass .,
praying for legislation to protect. -_^

Colorada Letter of the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries relative to
the erection of a fish hatchery in the State of __

Columbia River. Memorial of the legislature of the State of \Vasbin»ton
relative to the removal of a bar in the ♦_.

Coke. Resolution by Mr., relative to the protection of .luKtice Field

Copenhagen. Letter of the Secretary of State relative to raising the urade
of the American mission at

Court of Claims. Findings of, in claim of Webster Shaffer

Findings of, in case of George Brown

Report of the, in sundry spoliation claims

Findings of, in case of John N. Lynch

Findings of, in case of George H. Plant

Findings of, in case of E. A. Fish & Co

Memorial of, relative to the improvement of the low-
water channel of the Lower Mississippi River

Cbwdon, John. Memorial of, relative to the protection from overfiow ot
that portion of Washington City lying south of PenUvSylvania avenue. .
Cowdon, John. Memorial of, relative to the improvement of the Missis-
sippi River

Cnllom. Resolution of inquiry by Mr., relative to the transshipment of
bonded merchandise ._

r.rr

228

243

109
1U7

141

82
167
202

I '

Court of Claims.
Court of Claims.
Court of Claims.
Court of Claims.
Court of Claims.
Cowdon, John.

245

9r>
142
180

236
189

007 I

13 ,
11

ri2

07
32

135

127

159

165

1JK<

20})

153 .

2
2

2
o

4
o

2
4
2

4
1
1

o
o

1
1

o
o

2
4
4

INDEX TO SENATE MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS.

Subject.

Cullom. Resolution of int^uiiy by Mr., relative to the transshipment of

merchandise in bond 1

Cuba. Kesolution of inquiry relative to the island of

Cuba. Resolution relative to the prot.e'itiou of American citizens in

Currency. Letter of the Comptroller ot the, showing number of national
banks, etc - — -

Daniel. Resolution of inquiry by Mr., relative to State war claims

Davis. Resolution of inquiry by Mr., relative to postmasters' claims in
Minnesota

Dawes. Report by Mr., on letter from Secretiiry of the Interior trans-
mitting copy of a communication from the Commissioner of Indian Af-
fairs relative to coal leases in the Indian Territory

De Laveleye, Emile. Paper by, on monetary contraction

Delaware Bay, harbor of refuge. Letter of Secretary of War transmitting
papers relative to

Denver, Colo., Exchange. Memorial of, in relation to financial legisla-
tion ^ _ --_

Delight^ the schooner. In the matter of

District of Columbia. Report of Commissioners of the, on the cost of
gas and electric lighting for the (Part 2) ..

District of Colnmbia. Report of commissioners on employes of

District of Columbia. Report of commissioners relative to charitable
institutions in

District of Columbia. Report of the president of the Brightwood Rail-
way Company of the

District of Colnmbia. Memorial of the Woman's Christian Temperance
Union of the District of Columbia praying the prohibition of the liquor
traffic in the ,

District of Columbia. Report relative to steps taken to render fire-proof
the new eight-room school building in the.

District of Colnmbia. Letter of the Commissioners of the, relative to
permit granted the United States Electric Lighting Company

District of Columbia. Communication of the commissioners of the, rela-
tive to wages of laborers employed by the government of the

District of Columbia. Conference report on bill making appropriations
to provide for the expenses nf the government of the.^

District of Columbia. Letters of the commissioners of the, relative to
the occupancy of certain streets by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Company

District of Columbia. Conference report on bill to establish park in

Dolph. Concurrent resolution by Mr., relative to the prevention of the
entry of Chinese laborers into the United States

Eckington and Soldiers' Home Railway Company. Report of the names
of the stockholders of

Edmunds. Resolution by Mr., relative to the hour of meeting of the
Senate

Edmunds. Resolution directing an inquiry to be made into the adminis-
tration of the office of the United States Pish Commissioner

Edmunds. Reeolntion by Mr., relative to the appointment of Edward
K. Valentine Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate

Edmnnds. Resolution by Mr., for the appointment of a committee to
in vestigate the administrative service of the Senate .

Edmunds. Order by Mr. , providing lor the suspension of certain ru les of
the Senate

Ed m unds. Concurrent resolution relative to adjou rnment offered by Mr. .

Election, Federal. Petition of colored people of Birmingham, Ala.,
against , _

No.

Vol.

181

199

4
<>

186

182

145

223
162

4
2

113

148
24

6 1
19 ,

•

114

115

161

176
j 177 ;
1191 ,■

203
242

4
4

141

111

157

164

171

206
229

4
4

231

INDEX TO SENATE MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS.

VII

Subject.

Election law. nationaL Petition ior the paasage of, by (^ra Nat Hill ..

Electric Lighting Company, l^etters of the Commissionen of the Dis-
trict of Colombia in relation to the United States

Electrical industry. Memorial and statement of the National Electric
Light Association favoring a special oenoos investigation on

Elective franchise. Petition of citizens of Utah to restrict the, in Utah..

Elberfeld, Germany. Memorial of Charles Forster in relation to the dis-
continuance ot the United States consulate at

fUevators. Resolution of inquiry in relation to, in Western States

Electric lighting. Letter of Commander Bradford, U. S. Navy, and other
papers, relative to the system of, in the Senate wing of the Capitol

Ellis Island. Petition for the removal of the powder magazine at

Elseffer, William L. Communication from, relative to the high-water
condition of the lower Mississippi River

Employ^ of the District of Columbia. Report of commissioners on the

Entry.' To limit the right of, in certain cases

Executive Mansion. Resolution relative to providing additional office-
room and other accommodations in the

Extraterritorial iurisdiction. Treatise on, by Adolph Hepner —

FairhaTcn, Washington. Petition of citizens of, to make that city a sub-
port of entiy .

Farm products. Resolutions and memorial of the New Orleans Cotton Ex-
change remonstrating against the passage of bill prohibiting dealings in
options on

Fanz, Henry J. Resolution concerning the maltreatment of

Field, Justice. Resolntlon of inquiry relative to the protection of

Fiji Islands. Petition of G. Rodney Buit and others in relation to
land owned by them in the

Fitch, E. A. & Co. Findings of the Court of Claims in case of

Financial legislation. Memorial of Denver (Colo.) Exchanges in relation
to — -— -.

Fish Commissioner's Office. Resolution directing an inquiry to be made
into the administration of the United States L

Fish and Fisheries. Communication of CommisBioner of, giving statement
of expenditures .

Fish hatchery in Colorado. Letter of the Commissioner of Fish and Fish-
eries relative to a .-. -

Fish hatchery. Memorial of the Legislatuze of the State of Washington
relative to the establishment of a

Fisher, George S. Petitionof.

Fish & Co. , E. N. Findings of Court of Claims In the case of

Flandreau, S. Dak. Paper relative to the establishment of an Indian in-
dustrial school at ^

Florida land contests. Resolution directing an investigation of

Florida. Resolution of inquiry relative to circuit court expenditures in.

Florida. Resolution relative to swamp land selections in

Florida Central and Peninsula Railroad Company. Resolution relative
to sale of lands claimed by the

Florida. Coireapondence relative to swamp or overflowed lands in the
State of- , _

Food products. Letter from the Interstate Commerce Commission in rel-
ation to transportation rates on

Forster, Charles. Memorial of, in relation to the discontinuance of the
United States oo^isulate at Elberfeld, Grermany _

Forests in the United States. Petition of Albert Borchordt relative to
the destruction ot

Fortification appropriation bill. Conference report on the

Franklin, Gen. William B., president of the bcMutl ot managers of the
National Home for Disabled Soldiers. Letter of, relative to admission
of ex-soldiers and sailors to the National Soldiers' Home

French, Henry S., legal representative of. Resolution requiring re-en-
rollment of bill for relief of ^-

French spoliation olaims. {See Court of Claims) ,

No. Vol.

244

161

197 I
15(J

119

187

152

19,
23(i

57
211

120

/139 I

\128 ;)
53 ,

173 ;

165 I

148

157

72
91

172
12

J>8

97
100
119

r>i

2U1

239 1

9 i

•)

•>

o
4

•<«

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4
4

2
o

4
1

VIII

INDEX TO SENATE MISCELLANEOnS DOCUMENTS.

Subject.

No.

Vol.

Free delivery system. Resolution ot inquiry relative to cost of extension
of- -

Friends. Memorial of the society of, for Indiana and Illinois, remonstrat-
ing against large expenditures for the Navy and coast deienses

Galveston, Tex. Papers relative to the harbor at

Gay, Lieutenant, of Metropolitan Police Force. Resolution relative to

charges against .

Georgetown Barge, Dock, Elevator, and Railway Ck>. Report of the

president of the -..

Gibson. Resolution of inquiry by Mr., relative to the construction of a

road to the Soldiers' Home

Godfrey^ the schooner. In the matter of the ,

Gold and silver. Resolution in relation to

Grant, Gen. U. 8. Concurrent resolution relative to the removal of the

remains of •

Gray. Resolntion by Mr, , in relation to furnishing fifty copies of Vol. 20,

Statutes at Liarge, to Senate library

Greece. Letter of the Secretary of State relative to the American rep-
resentation at Athens .

Hale. Resolution by Mr. , relative to the hour of meeting of the Senate. .

Hall automobile torpedoes. Memoranda relative to

Harris. Resolution by Mr., relative to printing bills for private claims

or pensions

Harris. Resolution requiring re-enrollment of bill for the relief of legal

representatives ot Henry S. French submitted by Mr

Hazeldine, William G. Memorial of, relative to constitution of New

Mexico

Henry, William Patrick. Memorial of

Henry^ the brig. In the matter of -

Henry, Mary A. Petition of ._-

Hewson, M. B. Letter of, relative to levee system of the Mississippi

River

Hepner, Add ph. Treatise on extraterritorial jurisdiction, etc, by

Hill, Ezra Nat. Petition for the i>assage of a national election law

Hoar. Resolution by Mr., relative to terms of the Senators from newly

admitted States

Hot Springs. letter of the managers of the National Soldiers' Home rela-
tive to the establishment of a hospital at

Hoar. Resolution by Mr. , relative to the importation of lumber

Hops. Resol u tion relative to increasing the duty on

Hoar. Order reported by Mr. , relative to remarks made by Wilkinson

Call -- .- -

Hoar. Resolution by Mr., to amend the rules of the Senate

Howe, Silas Q. Resolution relative to the claim of

Hoar. Amendments by Mr., to resolution relative to the order of busi-
ness of the Senate.
Hoar. Petition of manufacturers and importers of velveteens and cor-
duroys for a modification. Presented by Mr

Hoar. Petition of E. N. Hill for the passage of national election law.

Submitted by Mr

Homcsteadenw Letter of Commissioner of the General Land Ofilce de-
fining

29
131

216

185

155

195

136

134

117

36
239

121
79
24

118

144
211

244

Idaho. Constitution of

Immi^ratiou. Concurrent resolution relative to

}i2
101

io:i

204

208
/218
1219

230

244

235

4
2
2

2
2

2
2
2
2

2
4
4

2
o

2
4
4

4
4

INDEX TO SENATE MISCELLANEOUS r»OCUMENTS.

Subject.

No.

Indian depredation claims. Memorial of the legislatnre of the State of
WasiiingtOD relative to the settlenientof --

Indian lodnstrial School. Paper relating to the establishment of, at
Flandrean, S. Dak .__ __ __

Indian Territory. Letter of the Secretary of the Interior transmitting
commnnication from Commissioner of Indian Afifairs relative to coal
leases in ,

Indian Territory. Kesolntion of inqniry relative to coart practice in the .

Industrial Christian Home. Report of the Utah Commission on

Inicalls. Resolation of inquiry by Mr., relative to remarks made by
Wilkinson Call

Ingalls. Resolution of inqniry by Mr., relative to Thomas T. Collins, an
American citizen, doing business in the Philippine Islands _.

Infsalls. Conference report on the bill (S. 4) to establish a public park
in the District of Columbia, submitted by Mr :_

Interior, Sectretary of the. Letter transmitting report relative to des-
titution in Oklahoma

International arbitration. Concurrent resolution to provide for

Interstate Commerce. Resolution directing the Committee on, to inqnire
and report concerning arrangements alleged to have been made be-
tween firms owning elevators and transportation companies .

Interstate Commerce Commission. Letter from the, in relation to trans-
portation rates on food products

Irrigation. Resolution to continue the Senate Committee on

Irrigation. Report in relation to, by artesian wells

187

160
147
179

Vol.

172

223
IM !
34

174

180

242

220

4
2

4
4

Jersey City, N. J. Petition of the board of trade of, fot the removal of
the powder magazine from Ellis Island

Joanna^ the ship. In the matter of

Joint Rules. Concurrent resolution to prepare Code of

Jones, of Nevadik Resolution authorizing an investigation into the
status of negotiations with the Cherokee tribe of Indians, reported by. .

Juno. Report of Court of Claims in the matter of the brig

Laborers. Communication of the Commissioners of the District of Co-
lombia relative to wages paid to, by the District governments

Labor. Letter of the Acting Commissioner ot, relative to the cost of
steel rails in the United States. ;

Labor. Letter of the Commissioner of, relative to the cost of labor in tho
manufacture of steel rails in Great Britain and on the continent
of Europe.

Labor and capital. Resolution to investigate ^.

Lafayette statue. Concurrent resolution relating to the site of the

Land Office. Commissioner of General, letter of, relative to title ol home-
steaders.

Land Office. Commissioner of General, letter transmitting report relative
to right of entry ;

Lands. Memorial relative to, of the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations. . .

Lands. Correspondence relative to swamp or overflowed, in the State of
Florida

Library of Congress. Report of Chief of Engineer, V. S. Army, on the
construction of the ._!

Library of Congress. Annual report of the, for the year 1H89

Lincoln, Nebraska. Resolutions adopted at a meeting of citizens of, rela-
tive to a public building at that place

Liquor traffic, alcoholic. Statement made before the Senate Committee
on Education and Labor..,. _.

I jquors. Resolution to prevent the sale of, in the Senate wing of the
Capitol

Loans. Resolution relative to government, on real estate

Lucy, the brig. In the matter oC

Lumber. Resolution in relation to the importation of _.

2
2

234
14

4
2

176

198

212
240
225

4
4

235

236

107

4
2

8
213

217

215

104

2
2

INDEX TO SENATE MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS.

Sabjeci.

Lynch, John A. Findings of the Court of Claims in the caase of.

McPhenon. Resolution of inquiry by Mr., rolative to the labor coat in
one ton of steel rails. (Part 2.)

3IitLane. Resolution of inquiry relative to the landing of an armed force
at Cedar Keys, Florida, Irom the re venne-cntter

Mail service. Memorial relative to the establishment of bonded, between
Tampa, Fla., and Aspinwall, South America

Maltby Honse. Resolution directinu; the Sergeant-at-Arms to lease the. .

Mandeison. Petition by Mr., ot Dr. Mary K Walker, praying for com-
pensation for services during the late war

Manderson. Resolution by Mr., to print treaties on extra territorial ju-
risdiction - -..

Manderson. Resolution by Mr., relative to abandoned military reserva-
tions - -

Manderson. Resolution })y Mr., relative to the Nebraska boundary line.

Military reservations. Resolution relative to abandoned

Maricoba County. Memorial in reference to the bill authorizing the issue
ot certain bonds ,

Monetary contraction. Paper prepared by Emile De Laveleye relative to.

Merchandise in bond. Resolution of inquiry relative to the transhipment
of -

Mexico. Letter of the Secretary of State relative to the acquisition of ter-
ritory from, for a deep-water harbor

M ica industry. Statemen t of Charles L. Randall concerning

Military wagon-road. Memorial of the legislature of the State of Wash-
ington relative to, along the Straits of San Juan de Fuca

Milroy, Mi^. Gen. R. H. Memorial of the legislature of the State of
Washington praying that, be placed on the retired-list of the U. S.

No.

Vol.

127

205 1

150 1

93 '
55

226 i

211

10 I
30

241

162

4
o

181

112
232

Army

Mint. Letter of the Director of the, in relation to silver coinage

Mississippi River. Memorial of John Cowden in relation to the improve-
ment of the low-water channel of the

M ississippi River Commission. Memorial of citizens of Vicksburg, Miss. ,
relative to appropriation for the

Mississippi River. Resolution of the Southern Press Association and of a
convention held at Vicksburg relative to the improvement of the

Mississippi River. Letter of M. B. Hunson relative to the levee system
of the

Mississippi River. Communication of William L. Elseffer in relation to
high-water condition of the lower

Mississippi River. Memorial of committee of the Merchants' Exchange
of St Louis, Mo. , in relation to the improvement of the

M ississippi River. Memorial of John Cowdon relative to the improvement
of the

Mitchell. Resolution by Mr., relative to Chinese immigration

Mitchell. Resolution by Mr., relative to cost of extension of the free-de-
livery system

Mitchell. Resolution by Mr,, relative to coin and bullion. ...

MitchelL Resolution by Mr., relative to reciprocity between this Gov-
ernment and the Republics of South America and Central American
States _

Mitchell. Resolution of inquiry by Mr., relative to records of the late
so-called Confederate States .

Mitchell. Resolution by Mr., relative to increasing the duties on hops..

Morgan. Resolution offered by Mr. , instructing Senate conferrees on Sen-
ate bill 2718 in relation to railroad land grants

MoEgan. Resolution offered by Mr. , Northern Pacific Railroad Company,
relative to claims of settlers

Morgan. Petition presented by, from Alabama, colored people of Bir-
mingham, against the Federal election bill

Morgan. Resolution by Mr., providing for a recess of the Senate

Morgan. Resolution by Mr., relative to the reference of private claims
of citizens of the United Stales against foreign governments

188 '

189 I
101

234

I
233

231
194

166

90 '

130

143

144

152

158

209

142

4
4

INDEX TO SKNATK MISCRLT.ANEOITS DOCtlMENTS.

Sul)ject.

No. Vol.

Mallan, Dennis W., U. S. Navy. Papers lelative to conferring ^ g;o1d '
medal apon Commander _

National Electric Light Association. Memorial and statement of the..

National Banks. Letter of the ComptrpUer of the Currency showing
nomber of

National Mosenm. Letter of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion relative to a building for the accommodation ol the .-_ :

Naval officers. Resolution of inquiry relative the organizations among . .

National Academy of Sciences. Report of the, for the year 1888 . _

Navy and coast defenses. Memorial of the Society of Friends of southern
and western Indiana and Illinois remonstrating against large expendi-
tures for the

New Mexico. Memorial in relation to the constitution of

Nebraska boundary line. Resolution of inquiry relative to ....

New Orleans Cotton Exchange. Resolutions and memorial adopted by
the, remonstrating the passage of the fi utter worth option bill

Northern Pacific Railway lands. Memorial of the legislature of the State
of Washington relative to certain _

Nooksachk River. Memorial of the legislature of the State of Washing-
ton relative to the improvement of the

Oklahoma. Memorial of a convention of, held at Oklahoma City, pray-
ing for the adjustment of contests growing out of settlement upon town-
sites in the Territory of

Oklahoma. Remonstrance of the officers of the Cherokee Nation against
organizing the Territory of __ _.

Oklahoma. Letter of the Secretary of the Interior transmitting reports
relative to the destitution now existing in the Territory of

110

]M7

1H«

116 '

1«:?

VX\

10 i

ri-:iH

\ VMi

tVA

(]{i

109

220

Offices, new. Appropriations for __ ' 244)

p '

4
6

Patents, Commissioner of. Annual report of _. ' 78

Park. Conference report on the bill (S. 4) to establish public, in District ;
of Columbia submitted __ 24',>

Palonse River. Memorial of the legislature of the State of Washington '
relative to the improvement of the | 6h

packet, the sloop. In the matter of ^ ._. 3.')

Packwood. William. Memorial of the legislature of the State ot Wash-
ington relative to . .. 6*i

Pacific sea-coast. Memorial of the Chamber ot Commerce of Seattle,
Wash., for an appropriation sufficient to place the, in a condition of de-
fense - _ 222

Peace Congress. Letter of the Secretary of State transmitting dispatch
of United States minister at Paris in relation to the i 124

Pnyallnp Indian Reservation. Memorial of the legislature of the State
of Washington relative to the construction of a railway through the. . . iji)

Pettigrew. Resolution of inquiry by Mr., relative to l^ock Creek Park. . 14(>

Plant, George H. Findings by the Court of Claims in the case of 1 50

Piatt. Memoriid of the Prescott and Arizona Central Railway Com pany for
the passage of a bill authorizing Maricopa County to issue certain bonds
submitted by .» 241

Piatt. Letter of the Secretary of the Interior transmitting reports rela-
tive to destitution in Oklahoma 220

Plumb. Resolution by Mr. , relative to patents for lands within the limits
of the grant to the Union Pacific Railway Company 37

Plumb. Resolution by Mr., relative to Alaska seal fisheries 40

Plumb. Concurrent resolution by Mt., relative to increasing the pur-
chase and coinage of silver bullion (Part 2) . . 1.32

Plumb. Resolution by Mr., directing the preparation of a statement to
acoompanj the tarifiTbill _ 151

2
2

XIT

INDEX TO SENATK MISCEU.ANKOUS DOCUMENTS.

Sabject.

I'lumb. CoDcarrent resolution by Mr., relative to the removal of the re-
mains of General U. S. Grant _•

Plumb. ^ liesolutiou by Mr., relative to charges against Lieutenant Gny.
ot the Metropolitan police force __

Plumb. . Resolution by Mr., to prevent the sale of liquors in the Senate
wing of the Capitol.l

Plumb. Conference report on disagreement of the House on the bill (S.
2781) to forfeit certain railroad lands. . -

Plumb. Letter of Commissioner of General Land Office i-elative to titles
ot homesteaders submitted by. (SecS. 4176)

Plumb. Letter from the Secretary ot the Interior transmitting letter
from Cpmmissioner of the General Land Office

Plumb. Resolution providing for recommittal of the bill (H. R. 3316)
to establish a uniform system of bankruptcy presented by Mr

Plumb. Resolution relating to labor and capital submitted by Mr

Port Townsend, Wash. Memorial of the Chamber ol Commerce, praying
the appointment of a commission to select a suitable position for a dry-
dock on the har))or of

Port Townsend. Memorial of the legislature of the State of Washington
praying the removal of obstructions between the bay of Port Townsend
and Oak Bay

Portland, Oregon. Memorial of the Board of Trade ot, praying an appro-
priation for the erection of a custom-house in

Post-office of Washington, D. C. Communication relative to a site for
the city •

Postmasters' claims. Resolution ol inquiry relative to those in Minne-
sota

Postmasters' claims. Resolution o( inquiry relative to, for the State ol
Indiana

Postmaster-General. Resolution directing the, to make inquiry relative
to records of the late so-called Confederate States

Presbyterian Church of America. Remonstrance of the Board of Foreign
Missions of the, against the enumeration of Chinese

Prescott and Arizona Central Railway Company, in reference to bill to
authorize the donnty of Maricopa to issue certain bonds

President of the United States. Message of the, in regard to the neu-
trality and autonomous government of the Samoan Islands

President pro tempore of the Senate. Resolution relative to the election ol

Private claims. Resolution relative to the refiprence of, of citizens of the
United States against foreign governments

Prohibition of the alcoholic liquor traffic Statement before the Com-
mittee on Education and Labor

Public Printer. Annual report of the

No.

i Vol.

195

1
1

1 4

216

215

227

1 4

235

'436

238 •
240

140

■^

138

145

183

189

123

241

81
HO

i()t)

217

2;")

Quadro-Centennial Committee. Resolution for appointment of

Quadro-Centennial Committee. Resolution authorizing the, to employ a

stenographer

Quay. Resolution by Mr., instructing the Sergeant-at-Arms to make no

changes in his subordinates —

Quay. Resolution by Mr., relative to the consideration of legislative

business (Part 2)

169
1210
i 214

4
4

Railroad land grants. Northern Pacific, relative to claims of settlers —
Railroad land grists. Resolution instructing the Senate conterrees on

Senate bill27Si in relation to

Railroad lands. Conference report on disagreement of the House to the

bill (S. 2781) to forfeit certain railroad lands

Randall, Chas. L. Statement concerning the mica iudustry

/Sany^, the brig. In the matter of

2:«

2:14

232
45

4
4

INDEX TO SKNATE MI8CKLLANE0US DOCUMENTS.

XIII

SubjecU

Heal estate. Resolation relative to Govern men t loans on _

Khey, Geoxge. Memorial of, relative to repeal of law providini; for the

coinage of gold and silver money, etc .. _ »

Kock Creek Park, District of Columbia. Uesolntion of in<juiry relative

to the asBeescd valne of land embraced within

Koaecrans, W. S. Letter of, relative to acconnta due to and from the

United States _

Rnles of the Senate. Resolution providing for the amend men t of the

Rules of the Senate. Resolution relative to amending the

Rnles of the Senate. Resolution to amend the

Rales of the Senate. Resolution to amend the

Ralesof the Senate. Resolation to suspend certain

Rules of the Senate. Resolation to amend the, to tix the limit of debate

St Louis Merchants' Exchange. Memorial of, relative to the improve-
ment of the Mississippi River [

St. Mary's Ship Canal. Memorial of the Cleveland Vessel-Owners' Asso- i
ciation in relation to the completion of the improvements of

St Paul and St. George. Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury in rela-
tion to leasing of the rights to engage in taking fur-seals from the isl- i
andsof ___|

Samoa. Letter of the Acting Secretary of State communicating advices !
of the political situation in .

Samoan Islands. Message of the President in relation to the neutrality
and autonomous government of the i

Sault Ste. Marie Canal. Petition of the Western Iron Ore Association in ,
relation to the _ ... j

Saunders, W. B. Resolution of inquiry relative to the assassination of |
deputy United States marshal ;

Sea-coast defenses. Mem<vial of Chamber of Commerce of Seattle,
Wash., for _J

Seal fisheries. Resolution relative to _.

Se;ittle. Memorial of Chamber of Commerce, relative to Pacific sea- ;
coast defenses

Senate, Secretary of. Annual report of, showing receipts and expeudi- :
tares _ |

Senators. Resolution relative to terms of those from newly-admitted •
States — _ .

Sergeant>At-Arms. Resolution directing the, to lease the Maltby House !

Sergeant-at-Ajrms of the Senate. Resolution to appoint Edward K. Vul-
entine _.,

Shaffer, Webster. Report of Court of Claims relative to claim of !

Sherman. Concurrent re^>lution by Mr., relative to negotiations forar- j
bitration of disputes between nations !

Sherman. Resolution relative to the hour of meeting of the Senate

Shy, Samuel. Petition of _ _ '

Siam. Letter of the Secretary of State in relation to the legation prcm- !
iaesat _ __ '

Silver bullion. Concurrent resolution relative to increasing the purchases
and coinage of (part 2)..- __ _ __.i

Silver coinage. Letter of the Director of the Mint relative to

Soldiers' Home. Resolution of inquiry relative to the construction of a '
road to the ;

Soldiers' Home. Letter of General William B. Franklin, president, trans-
mitting certain inlornmtion in relation to the admission of ex-soldiers '
and sailors to the _ j

South America. Resolution relative to reciprocity with the Kepubicsof

Soathern States. Petition of citizens of Union County, Ark., for legis-
lation for the protection of voters in the

.'^Iftilter, Albert D. Petitio!! ol

»Si)oliutiuu. Keport of the Court of Claims ou sundry claims -

No.

Vol.

101

•>

VJU

116

»)

»«

105

i;^7

192

204

206

207

158

202

■84

196

222

102

222

164

**0

190

•1

108

125

132

185

224

188

!>9
20
49

4
4

• >

XIV

INQEX TO SENATE MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS.

Hile.

No.

Spooner. liesolution by Mr., relative to providing additional office room
and other accommodations in the Execative Mansion

SlK>oiier. Resolution of inqniry by Mr., relative to court practice in the
Indian Territory

Squire. Memorial of the Chamber of Commerce of Seattle, Washington,
relating to an appropriation for sea-coast defenses, submitted by Mr.

Squire. Memorial of Chamber of Commerce of Seattle, Washington,
submitted by Mr _

Stanford. Hesolutiou by Mr., relative to California war claims ....

Stanford*. Resolution by Mr., relative to Government loans on real
estate --

State. Letter of the Acting Secretary of, transmitting advices of the
political situation in Samoa..

State. Letter of the Secretary of, relative to the acquisition of territory
from Mexico, for a deep-water harbor

State. Letter of the Secretary of, transmitting dispatch in relation to
the Peace Congress

State. Letter of the Secretary of, in relation to legation premises at

State. I^etter of the Secretary of, recommending the advancement of the
American legation in the Empire of Turkey

State. Letter of the Secretary of, in relation to the American representa-
tive at Athens, Greece

State. Letter of the Secretary of, relative to raising the grade of the
American mission at Copenhagen

State war claims. Resolution relative to

Steel rails. Letter of the Acting Commissioner of Labor transmitting an
analysis of costs of 1 ton of, in the United States

Steel rails. Resolution relative to the labor cost in 1 ton of (part 2)

Steel rails. Letter of the Commissioner of Labor relative to the cost of
labor in the manufacture of a ton of, in Great Britain and on the conti-
nent of Europe ,

Stewart. Resolution by Mr., to continue Committee on litigation

Stripling, Joseph, U, S. marshal. Resolution relative to

Sundry civil appropriation bill. Conference report and statement sub-
mitted by Mr. Allison on the

Supreme Court. Letter of Chief-Justice of, transmitting letter of mar-
shal in response to Senate resolution i

Swayne, Judge Charles E. Resolution relative to

Swinomish Channel. Memorial of the legislature of the State of Wash-
ington praying an appropriation for dredging -_

Senate administrative service. Resolution for committee to investigate

Senate. Amendments by Mr. Hoar to resolution relative to the order of
business of the «.

Senate bills and resolutions. Resolution directing the preparation of a
history of.

Senate library. Resolution relative to fnrnisbing 50 copies of volume 20
Statutes at Large to the ._

Senate. Letter of the Secretary of the, transmitting list of clerks of
committees of the

Senate. Resolution relative to the election of a President pro lempore of
the -.- _

Vol.

Senate. Resolution fixing the hour of the meeting of the

Senate. Resolution directing the Sergeiint-at-Arms of the, to make no

changes in hissul)ordinates

Senate. Resolution relative to the hour of the meeting of the

Senate. Resolution providing for a recess of the

Senate. Resolution relative to the order of business of the (part 2) |

Senate. Secretary of the, annual report of the, showing property of
the Ignited States in his posseasion .._

Senate wing of the Capitol. Resolution to prevent the sale of liqnors in
the _

lol

• >ilO

16 I
104 I

84 ,

112 i

124 i
125

133

134

135
182

198
205

212 I
147 j

200 I

228
122

70 '
171
218
219 I

176

136

167

80
111
117

169
190
194
210
214

4
2

<)
2

2
2

4
2

215 I

4
o

2
4
4

4
2

2
2

4
4
4
4
4

INDEX TO SEXATK MISCELLANEOUS DOCUME]^TS.

Subject.

T« riff revision. Kesolution relative to ,

Tampa, Fla. Memorial in relation to the establishment of bonded mail

sendee between Aspinwall, 8onth America, and ...

Tariff bilL Resolution in relation to statement to accompany the

Tariff tables „-, _ - - --

Tariff. Proposed agreement for the consideration of bill H. K. 9416, re-
lating to _ -

Teller. Resolution by Mr. , in relation to gold and silver

Texas ooAfit. Papers in relation to ports on the..

Torpedoes. Memoranda relative to HalPs automobile

Treasury. Letter of the Secretary of the, relative to leasing rights to en-
gage in taking fur-seals finom the islands of St. Paul and St. George.

Treasury. Letter of the Acting Secretary of the, transmitting statement
of buildings wanted by the various Departments in the city of Wash-
ington _

Treasury. Letter of the Secretary of the, relative to bill to determine
and settle final balances of accounts due to and from the United States

Government .

Treasury. Letter of the Secretary of the, relative to issuing and record-
ing commissions in the Treasury Department . ..

Treasury Department. Letter relative to issuing and recording commis-
sions in the

Trust goods. Resolution relative to the seizure of

Turkey. Letter of the Secretary of State relative to. the advancement of

the American legation in the Empire of ^

Turpie. Resolution by Mr., relative to the seizure of trust goods

Tarpie. Resolution of inquiry by Mr., relative to postmasters' claims

from the State of Indiana ..^

Tnrpie. Resolution by Mr., relative to the claim of Silas Q. Howe.....

iKi

•>

151

178 .

'J21 ,

[

155

r<0

•>

m '

75 1

100 i

126 ,

I
126 ;

18)

i:$3

18 :

183 i
208

»>
2

»>
•>

4
4

United States Government. Report relative to the settlement of final
balances of accounts due to and from the

Union^ the sloop. In the matter of. __

Union Ckmnty, Arkansas. Petition of citizens of, for legislation for the
protection of voters in the Southern States ._

Union Pacific Railway Company. Hesolntion of inquiry relative to pat-
ents to lands within the grant of the ._ -_.

Utah. Petition of citizens of, to rastrict the elective franchise in the Ter-
ritory oi

Utah Industrial Christian Home . Report of commission on

Velveteens and coL-duroys. Manufacturers oi', praying a modification of
duty on \.. -,..--.

Vest. Resolution by Mr., relative to fees paid consular officers

Vicksburg, Miss. Memorial of citizens of, in relation to appropriations
for the Mississippi River Commission

Venus, the brig. In the matter of

Voorhees. Resolution by Mr., relative to a revision of the tariff

Voorhees. Resolution by Mr., relative to charges against Smiley N
Cliambers _.

Voorhees. Resolution by Mr., relative to leasing right to take fur-seals.

Voorhees. Resolution by Mr., relative to agricultural interests ..

100
35

5)9

15G

2
2

230 i

130

24 1

4'> i

•>

102

106 i

Walker, Dr. Mary K. Petition of, prayiuj; compensatiou for services

during the late war __ ..

War claims. Resolution of inquiry relative to State

226

182

XVI

INDKX TO SENATE MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS.

Subject.

No. VoL

War. Letter of the Secretary of, tniDsmitting papers relative to a harbor

of refuge near the month of Delaware Bay ..

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, rehitive to the

navigation of Gray's River .

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, pniying the

appointment of a commissioner to investigate losses sustained by

settlers by reason of Indian hostilities \.

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, relative to the

selection of lands granted to that State

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, relative to

William Pack wood

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, relative to N.

P. Lands

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, relative to a

military wagon-road along the Straits of Sao Juan de Fnca

Washington . Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, praying nn

appropriation for the improvement of certain rivers in _.

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, relative to the

construction of a railway through the Poyallup Indian Reservation ...
Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, relative to the

removal of a bar in the Columbia River

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, praying an

appropriation for the improvement of Palouse River 1

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of tl 9 State of, praying the

improvement of the Nooksachk River

Washington. Memorial of the I^eislature of the State of, praying an

appropriation for dredging Swinomish Channel

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, relative to

sinking artisian wells .__ -..

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, relative to

establishing a fish hatchery in * ■.,^.

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, praying that

Miy. Gen. R. H. Milroybe plaoH.l on the retired list of the Army

Washington City. Letter of the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, trans-
mitting statement of buildings rent^ by the various departments in..
Washington, D. C. Communication relative to a site for the city post-
office of. _ -

Washington. Memorial of the Legislature of the State of, praying the re-
moval of obstructions between the Bay of PortTownsend and Oak Bay.
Washington City. Memorial of John Cowdon, relative to the protection

from overflow of that portion of, lying south of Pennsylvania avenue..
Western Iron Ore Association. Petition of, relative to the Sault Ste.

Marie Canal

William^ the ship. In the matter

Wool industry. Memorial of committee of the National Convention of

Wool-Growers in relation to the

Wool. Memorial of the Wool Consumers' Association praying for a

reduction or abolition of the duty on _

Wyoming. Memorial of State constitutional convention of, praying for

admission of

50
60

138

140

193

196

149

168

: 4

51st Congress, \ SENATE. < Mis. Doc.

1st Session. J ) No. 164.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES-

June 12, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Edmunds submitted the following
RESOLUTION:

Resolved^ That Edward K. Valentine be, and he is hereby, api)ointed
SergeaDt-at-Arms of the Senate, to take office on the thirtieth day of
Jane, eig^hteen hundred and ninety.

$• mis. t—rl

51st Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doo.

1st Session. § \ No. 165.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

Junk 16, 1890. — Referred to the Committee on Indian AJQfairs and ordered to be printed.

Letter from the Assistant Clerk of the Court of Claims transmitting find-
ings filed bg said court in the case of B, N, Fish d^ Co., and other
causes.

Court op Claims, Clerk's Office,

Washington^ June 14, 1890.

Sir : Parsuant to the order of the court I trausmit herewith a certi-
fied copy of thd findings filed by the said Ooart of Claims in the afore-
said causes, which case was referred to this court by the Committee on
Indian Affairs of the Senate, under the act of March 3, 1883.
I am, veiy respectfully, yours, etc,

John Bandolph,
Assistant ClerJcj Court of Claims.

Hon. President of the Senate of the United States.

(Court of Claims. Cozijn^eBaional Caae, Ko. 1158. E . N. FiBh & Co. «# . United States.]

At a Court of Claims held at the city of WaBhington on the 26th day of May, A. D.
1890^ the court filed the following statement of case and findings of fact, to wit :

STATEMENT OF CASE.

The claim or matter in the above-entitled case was transmitted to the conrt by the
Committee on Indian Aft'airs of the Senate on the22d day of Jnly, 1886.

John Mnllan and W. B. King, esqs., appeared for claimant, and the Attorney-Gen-
eral, by Henry M. Foote, his assistant, and under his direction, appeared for the
defense and protection of the interests of the United States.

The case having been brought to a hearinc on the 7th day of May, 1^^, the court
upon the evidence and after considering the oriefii and arguments of counsel on both
sides, finds the facts to be as follows :

FINDINGS OF FACT.
• I.

The claimants, Edward N. Fish and Simon Silverborg, were partners, as mer-
chants, doing a general mercantile business in Tucson, Ariz., under the firm name of
E. N. Fish & Co., in the year 1873. In the summet of 1873 the Indians at the San
Carlos Indian Reservation, in Arizona, were turbulent, and an outbreak was ex-
pected, to prevent which it was necessary* to furnish them rations regularly. No
safficiont flour for issue to said Indians being then on hand, Capt. William H. Brown,
Fifth Cavalry, U. S. Army, then acting as Indian agent at that agency, came to the
claimants at Tucson, Aris., in the latter part of August, 1873, and represenied these
facts to them, and urgently requested them to furnish and deliver, at their own ex-
pense, 100,000 pounds of flour at this reservation, and assured them of payment there-

2 E. N. FISH & CO., AND OTHER CAUSES.

for witbiu thirty days, agreeing to pay for said flour, inclading transportation by
wacons to said reservation, a distance of over 200 miles from Tucson, Axiz., for first
quality 13 cents per ponnd^ ftnd for seconds 11 cen ts per pound.

On the 2d dajr of September, 1873, the claimants delivered flour at said reservation
as follows, to wit :

(50,000 pounds of seconds, at 11 cents per pound |6,600

40,000 pounds of first quality, at 13 cents per pound 5,200

Total 11,800

lU.

The claimants have received on account from the United States the following sums
of money for said flour, to wit :

Bydraftof July 21, 1884 $5,750

By draft of May 25, 1885 1,750

Bydraftof Novembers, 1888 2,500

10,000
Leaving a balance still unpaid of 1 1,800

IV.

The reason for non-payment of the full amount claimed was that the Second Comiv
iroller was not satisfied that the flour was worth the amount claimed per pound.

The claimants have since the reference of this claim to this court taken testimony
as to the value of the flour at the date of purchase and place of delivery, stated herein,
and the court finds as a fact that said flour was worth the amount herein claimed.

By tub Court.

Filed May 26, 1890.

A true copy.

Test this 14th day of June, A. D. 1890.

[SEAL.] John Randolph,

Aesistani Clerks Court of Claima,

ICourt of Claims. CoD^osaional case No. 1158.) W. B. Hugas, for the use of £. K. Fish & Co., m. The

United Stetes.]

At a Court of Claims hold in the city of Washington on the 26th day of May, A. D.
ii^JO, the court tiled the following statement of case and findings of fact, to wit :

STATEMENT OF CASE.

The claim or matter in the above-entitled case was transmitted to the court by the
Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate on the 22d day of July, 1886.

John MuUan and W. B. King, esqs., appeared for claimant, and the Attorney-Gen-
eral, by Henry M. Foote, his assistant, and under his direction, appeared for the de-
fense and piotection of the interests of the United States.

The case having been brought to a hearing on the 7th day of May, 1890, the court,
upon the evidence, and after considering the briefs and arguments of counsel on both
sides, finds the fact« to be as follows:

FINDINGS OF FACT.

(1) In the year 1873 the claimant, Wilbur B. Hugns, was a merchant doing a gen-
eral mercantile business at Tucson, Aris. In the summer of 1873 the Indians at the
San Carlos Indian Reservation, in the Territory of Arizona, were very turbulent, and
an outbreak was feared. To prevent this it was necessary to furnish them rations
regularly. No snfiQoient supply of rations for issue to said Indians bein^ then on
hand. C'apt. William H. Brown, Fifth Cavalry, U. S. Army, then acting Indian agent
at said agency, came to this claimant at Tucson, Ariz., and represented to him the

E. N. PISH Si CO., AND OTHER CAUSES. 3

condition above stated, and reqneated him to furnish daring the months of Jnly,
Angost, and September, 1873, varions necessaries or supplies then required at said
agency, and assured him that payment would be made within thirty da^'s, agreeing
to pay, iuclndin^ transportation by wasons to said reservation, a distance of over
200 miles, the prices stated in the schedule recited in the next finding.

(2) The following-named supplies were delivered by this claimant at said reserva-
tion on the dates therein stated :

July 10,1873, 40,000 pounds flour, at 12t^ cents 15, 100. 00

1,000 pounds soap, at23cent8 230.00

Aug. 15, 1873, 25,000 pounds flour, at l:< cents 3,250.00

Sept, 10, 1873, 15,290 pounds flour, at 13 cents 1,987.70

300 pounds coffee, at 40 cents 120.00

260 pounds soap, at 23 cents 46.00

30 pounds tobacco, at $2 60.00

30 pounds candles,at50 cents 15.00

8,000 pounds hay, at 1^ cents 120.00

Toi4iX 10,928,70

(3) The following sums of money hare been paid on account by the United States
for said supplies :

By draft of Jnly 21, 1884 |5,076.18

By draft of March 16,1885 3,452.32

8, 523. no

Leaving a balance still unpaid of 2,400.20

The delay in payment has not been due to any fault or negligence on the part of
this claimant. The reason for non-payment of the full amount claimed was that the
Second Comptroller was not satisfied that the supplies were worth the amount charged
per pound.

(4) The claimant has since the reference of this claim to this court taken testimony
as to the value of said supplies at the date of purchase and place of delivery, as
stated, and the court finds as a fact that said supplies were worth the whole amount
herein claimed.

(5) The vouchers issued for said supplies were indorse<l and assigned by the claim-
anty W. B. Hugiis, to the firm of £. N. Fish & Co., consisting of E. N. Fish and Simon
Silverberg, merchants, then doing business at Tucson, Ariz., partly in payment of an
indebtedness of said Wilbur B. Hngus, the claimant, to said E. Is. Fish & Co., and

Sartly in cash at their face value. At the time when said vouchers were thus iu>
orsed it was customary in the Treasury Department and in the Indian Bureau to
recognize similar assignments and indorsements of vouchers ah valid. All paymente
which have so far been made upon this claim have been paid over by this claimant
to said assignees, E. N. Fish & Co., and said Hugos has always fully recognised the
right of E. N. Fish & Co. thereto. He has filed a formal petition expressly recinesting
that the balance found due herein may be paid by the Government to E. N. Fish «& Co.,
the assignees herein, and not to him.
Filed May 26, 1890.

By the Court.
A true copy.

Test this 14th day of June, A. D. 1890.
[seal.] John Randolph,

Assistant Clak Court of Claims,

iCoart of Claims. CoDcrreMionnl casto Ko. 1168. Jfitnea H. Barney, for tbe use of Bowers &. "Rich-

ar«U, V8. The Uiiiteil Stat^^H.J

At a Court of Claims held in tlie city of Washington, on the 26th day of May, A.
D. 18£i0y tbe court filed the following statement of case and findings of fact, to wit:

STATEMENT OF CASE.

The claim or matter in the above-entitled case wns transmitted to the conrt by the
Coromtttee on Indian Affairs of the Senate on the 22d day of July, 1886.

John MolJan and W. B. JCiug, esqs., appeared for claimant and the Attorney-Gen-
eral, by Henry M. Foote, his assistant, and under his direction, appeared for the de-
fense and pioteetioQ of the intereHts of the United States.

4 E. N. FISH d& CO., AND OTHER CAUSES.

The case having been brought to a hearing on the 7th day of May, 1890, the conrt,
upon the evidence and after considering the briefs and arguments of counsel on both
sides, finds the facts to be as follows :

FINDINGS OF FACT.

1. A written contract was made between the claimant and the United States on the
2dth of Juno, 1873, the United States acting through Edward P. Siiiitb, Commissioner
of Indian Affairs, whereby the claimant agreed to furnish to the United States
2,000,000 pounds, more or less, of fresh beef, to be delivered on the hoof to various
Indian reservations in Arizona, during the fiscal year ending June 30. 1874, at tho
rate of 5 cents per pound. The material clauses of said contract are as follows :

"Articles of lu^reement made and entered into this 28th day of June, A. D. 1873^
between Edward P. Smith, Commissioner of Indian Afiairs^ for and in behalf of the
United States, of the first part, and James M. Barney, of Arizona City, Yuma County,
Arizona Territory, of the second part, witncsseth : '

"(1) That the said party of the second part, for himself, his heirs, executors, and
administrators, hereby covenants and agrees with said party of the first part to fur-
nish and deliver to the United States Indian agencies nituated at the Colorado River,
Camp Venle, Chiricahua and White Mountain, San Carlos and Camp Apache divis-
ions, Indian reservations, in Arizona Territory, 2,000,000 pounds, more or less, of
fresh beef on the hoof, hides and all refuse incinded, during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1874, at such times and in such quantities as the said agents may reqnire.

^'(3) In consideration of the faithful performance of this contract ou the part of
the party of the second pait, the said party of the first part agrees to pay, or cause
to be naid, to the said party of the second part, his heirs, executors, or administrators
for all the beef received under this contract, the sum of 5 cents per pound gross
weight, in Uqited States currency, on the presentation at the office of Indian Anairs,
in Washingtou, D. C, a proper reeeipt for the same, signed by the United States
agents stationed at the aforesaid Indian reservations, respectively."

2. Large deliveries of beef, amounting to nearly 2,000,000 pounds, more or less, were
made under this contract, and all the beef so delivered was paid for by the United
States at the rate of 5 eents per pound, excepting two deliveries at the Rio Verde
Indian Agency, one in May, 1874, of 139,427 pounds, amounting to96,971.35, and one
in June, 1874, of 140,000 pounds, amounting to $7,000, a total of $13,971.35

3. Payment was not made for said last-named deliveries at said time
only because of the exhaustion of appropriation of money therefor. The
following payments of money have been made ou account by the United
States for the said deliveries of beef, to wit :

By draft of January 8, 1877 $4,,'S20.24

By draft of May 5, 1877 5.34

By draft of July 21, 1884 3,.500.00

By draft of July 21, 1884 1,893.01

By draft of July 21, 1884 518.00

Total 10,436.59

Leaving a balance still uupaid of 3,5.34. 76

The delay in payment was not due to any fault or negligence on the claimant's
part.

The reason for uon-pavment of the full amount claimed was that the Second Comp-
troller was not satisned that the beef delivered was worth the price charged per
pound, as agreed to be paid in said contract.

4. The claimant has^ since the reference of this claim to this court, taken testimony
as to the value of beet at the time and place of delivery as stated, and the court finds
as a fact that it was worth fully the whole contract price, aa herein claimed.

5. The beef furnished and delivered to the United States under this contract be-
tween James M. Barney and the United States was supplied by George W. Bowers ,
and Hugo Richards, partners, then doing business at Tucson, Ariz., under the firm-
name of Bowers <& Richards, as subcontractors. Barney assigned and indorsed the
vouchers issued in settlement of these claims to said Bowers & Richards in payment
of an indebtedness due them from him, with the expectation on both sides that said
assignment would be recognized by the United States and payment immediately be
made. At that time similar assignments and indorsements of vouchers were recog-
nized as valid by the Indian Bureau and by the Treasury Department, and payments
were made to assignees and indorsees. The first payments, hereinl>efore recited,
aggregating $4,525.58, were made by the Department by warrauta and drafts drawn
in the names of and paid to said assignees, and all other payments since made have

E. N. FISH & CO., AND OTHER CAUSES. 5

been paid over by said Barney to said Bowers Sl Richarda, the assignees. Said Bar-
ney has filed a formal petition expressly requesting that the balance found due herein
may be paid by the Government to Bowers &. Richards, the assignees, and not to him.

By thb Court.
Piled May 26, 1890.
A true copy.

Test: This 14th day of June, A. D. 1890.
[seal.] John Randolpu,

Aaaisiant Clerk, Court of Claims.

[Court of Claims. CoDgreftsional case, No. 1158. AVilliaai B. Ilooper Sc Co., for tho use of Satro St,

Co., ««. The XJuited States.]

At a Court of Claims held in the city of Washington on the 26th day of May, A. D.
1890, the conrt filed the following statement of case and findings of fact, to wit:

STATEMENT OF CASE.

The claim or matter in the above-entitled case was transmitted to the court by tho
Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate on the 22d day of July, 1686.

JohnMullan and W. B. King, csqs., appeared for claimant, and the Attorney-General,
by Henry M. Footo, his assistant, and under his direction, appeared for the defense
and protection of the interests of the United States.

The case having been brought to a hearing on the 7th day of May, 1890, the court,
upon the evidence and after considering tho briefs and arguments of counsel on both
sides, finds the facts to be as follows :

FINDINGS OP PACT.

1. In the years. 1873 and 1874 tho claimants, William B. Hooper and James M. Bar-
ney, were merchants doing business in Tucson, Ariz., and elsewhere as partners un-
der the firm-name of William B. Hooper & Co.

Under the authority of tho Commissiouer of Indian Affairs, and the direction of
of Julius W. Mason, major of tho Third Cavalry, U. S. Army, acting Indian agent
at the Rio Verde Indian Agency and Reservation in Arizona, and in order to meet an
exigency then existing, said firm delivered certain supplies at said Indian reservation
or agency on the dates naitied and described as follows, to wit :

OaApHl 26,1874:

50.000 ponnds flour, worth 11| cents per pound |5, 875. 00

9,900 ponnds barley, worth 7.43 cents per pound 7:i5. 57

6, 610. 57

On May 29, 1874 :

57,000 pounds flour, worth llj cents per pound 6, 697. 50

Total.-.. 13,308.07

The prices above stated were agreed upon by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs
and the claimants.

2. Tho following sums of money on account have been paid by the United States
for said supplies, to wit :

By draft of June 10, 1876 $2,500.00

By draft of Jnly 21,1884 4,172.25

By draft of March 16, 1885 3,156.50

Total $9,828.75

Leaving a balance still unpaid of 3,479.32

The delay in payment was not doe to any fault or negligence on the claimant's part.
The reason fbr non-payment of tho full amount claimed was that the Second Comp-
troller was not satisfied that said supplies were worth the amount charged per pound.

3. The claimant has, since the reference of tho claim to this conrt, taicen testimony
as to the value of flour and barley at tho time and place herein stated, and the oourt
finds, as a fact, that it was worth fully the price claimed.

4. The vouchers for said supplies, so issued bv tho United States, were indorsed and
assigned by the claimants at the tiuio of their issue. At that time it was customary
in the Treasury Department and in tho Indian Bureau to recognize similar assign-

6 E. N. PISH & 00., AND OTHER CAUSES.

meats aud iudorseuents of vouchers as valid. All amonnts of money received from
the United States have been paid over to the assignees, and the claimants, William
B. Hooper & Co., havo always recognized the right of the assignees thereto. Sabso-
quent assignments and indorsements have been made, finally resulting in an assign-
ment of the rights of all parties to Gustavo Sntro, Eroile Sntro, and Charles Sntro,
partners doin^ business under the firm-name of Sutro & Co., San Francisco, Cal. By
petition filed in this court the firm of William B. Hooper &, Co., through James M.
Barney, the member of said firm charged with the conduct of this business, have re-
quested that payment, when made by the United States, be made to said Sutro Sl
Co., as assignees.

By thk Court.

Filed May 26, 1890.

A tnio copy.

Test : This 14th day of June, A. D. 1890.

(.SEAL.]

John Randolph,
Assisiant CUrhy Court of Claims.

51st Congress, \ SENATE. r Mis. Doc.

1st Session. ) ( No. 166.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES. .

JuNR 18, 1690. — Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations and ordered to be

printed.

Mr. Morgan submitted the following

RESOLUTIONS:

Reaolvedj That all privat'e claims of citizens of the United States
against foreign governments, presented to the Senate by petition or
otherwise, shall be referred to the committee now styled the Select Com-
mittee to Inquire into all Claims of Citizens of the United States against
the Government of Nicaragua, which shall be hereafter styled the "Com-
mittee on Private Claims against^Foreign Governments," and is hereby
made a standing committee of the Senate.

Besolvedy That said committee shall receive any proofs that shall be
offered in support of any such private claim and refer the same to the
Department of State for consideration as to the legality and value of
the same as evidence; and if said committee shall make any recom-
mendation in respect of any such claim the same shall be reported to
the Senate for consideration.

51st Congress,
1st Session.

SENATE.

i Mis. Doo.

\ No. 167.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

June 18, 1890.— Ordered to lie on the table' and be printed.

LBTTSR OF THE SECRETART OF THE SENATE, TRANSMITTINa,
IN RESPONSE TO SENATE RESOLUTION, A LIST OF CLERKS OF
SENATE COMMITTEES RECEIVING ANNUAL SALARIES.

Office of Secretary of the United States Senate,

Wmhington^ June 18, 1890.

Sir: In response to a resolution of the Senate, —

That the Secretary of the Senate be, and he is hereby directed, to furnish the Sen-
ate vi'ith a list of the names of all annua! clerks to Senate committees dnring the 3'ear
ending March 4, 1890 ; io what committees assignetl and the salary received by cach|
also under what authority and when employed.

I have the honor to submit the following ntatement.

Kespectfully yours,

Anson G. McCook.
Hon. Levi P. Moeton,

President of the Senate.

Committee.

Printing

Appropriations

Finance

Claims

Commerce

Judiciary

Private Land Claims

Pensions

Do -.

Military Affairs

Post-Offices and P08t Roads. . .

District of Colnmbia

Library

Census

Naval AO'airs

Foreign Relations

Public Lands

Contingent £xpenBos ;

Indian Afiairs

Public Buildings and Grounds

Agriculture and Forestry

Education and Labor

Rules

Territories

Interstate Commerce

Epidemic Diseases

Under
legisla-
tive act

from
Julyl—

1850
1868
1879
1856
1857
1874
1880
1875
1876
1878
}883
1870
1879
1880
1880
1830
1881
1882
1882
1683
1884
1886
1887
1888
1888
1888
1880
1880

Incumbent, \farcb 4, 1890.

W.H.Michael

T. p. Cleaves

J. S. Morgan (assiHtant) .,

B.Durfeo

H. C. Reed

W. Pnlsifer

O. H. Cutler (assistant)...

Geo. P. Bradstreet

T.R. Ransom

J. B. Pott«r

E. S. Goodrich (assistant)

W. P. Huxford

W. T. Ellsworth

F. J. Haig

A. W. Johnson

P.Pulsifer

H. J. Gensler

£. J. Babcock

B. F. Flenniken

Engeno Davis

W.Tm. Olln

J. B. McCarthy

W. E. Anuin

H. P. Blair

W.H.Smith

E. T. Lee

M. W. Blunionberg

C.H.Harris

Annual
salary.

♦2,
3.

2,
1.
2.
2,
2,
1.
2.
2.
2,
2.
2.
2.
2,

I
I

2.
2.

220.00
000.00
220.00
500.00
220.00
220.00
440.00
220.00
220.00
220.00
440.00
220.00
220.00
220.00
220.00
220.00
220.00
?20.00
220.00
220.00
220.00
220.00
220.00
230.00
220.00
220.00
220.00
220.00

51st Congeess, \ SENATE. ( Mis. Doo.

1st Session. J . \ No, 168.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

June 18, 1890.— Presented by Mr. Carusle, referred to the Committee on Finance,

and ordered to be printed.

MEMORIAI. OP THE 'WOOL CONSUMER^' ASSOCIATION PRATING
POR A REDUCTION OR ABOLITION OP THE DUTY ON WOOL.

The Wool Consumers' Association,

No. G6 State Street, Boston,

Boston, June 14, 1890.

To the Senate and Hovse of Fepresentatirea of the United States in Con-
gress assembled :

For the protection of tlie woolen mannfactnre of the country, and
for its rescue from a most hampered and depressed condition, we ask
for a great reduction or the total abolition of the duty on wool.

The system of excluding wool by more or less prohibitory duties, in-
volving still higher duties on woolens and worsteds, has been tried at
great cost to the consumer, with destructive restriction to the manufact-
urer, and without any compensating advantages to the wool-grower.
Under this system the wool-grower has utterly failed to supply the raw
wool in adequate qualities or quantities, the high cost of foreign wools
has forced^ the manufacturers to resort to shoddy, hair, and cotton to
make so-called woolens of, and the importation of goods made by for-
eign manufacturers, who have the overwhelming advantage of free
selection of free material, has been enormous.

A free selection from many varieties of wool is essential for the manu-
facture of the cloths required by the trade, and the exclusion of foreign
wool so interteres with the necessary supply of raw material as to re-
duce rather than increase the quantity of American wool used.

The natural advantages of Australia and South America, for instance,
in the production of wool are so great as to practically put wool in the
class of things which can not be produced in this country under such
conditions as to justify any duty for protective purposes. The interest
of the consumers in this case should be controlling in putting wool on
the free list, even more than in the case of tea or coffee or tropical fruits
or any other article that can not be produced in the United States.
Besides this the woolen manufacture cannot be successfully developed
without the free selection of raw material, and the prosperity and activ-
ity of the home manufacture of woolens is the first and essential ele-
ment in increasing the use and demand for American wool. The high
duties on wool hamper the manufacturer and drive him to the use, not
so much of American wool as of shoddy and cotton, and increase the
cost of all woolen and worsted cloths, and thereby diminish consump-
tion.

Keferring more to the details, we may say that the wools coming under
the third class, or carpet wools so-called, are almost entirely cwirse wools

2 WOOL CONSUMERS* ASSOCIATION.

of very low foreign cost; that they can not be raised here at all; that
they interfere with no native wools; that if wools are to be raised in
the United States it is clearly more profitable to raise wools of higher
value, and those which are produced in heavier fleeces, and that for the
supply of combing wools for the better classes of carpets the manufact-
urers are entirely dependent on a foreign supply. In spite of a heavy
duty on these wools for nearly twenty-five years there are none raised
here, and there is no native industry to protect even in an infant state.

It has been conclusively shown b^' the statistics collected by the
American Carpet* Association that nearly all of the third-class wools
imported are needed by, and are used for, the carpet trade. The duty
merely hampei*s the trade. Increases needlessly the cost of carpets to
the consumer by several millions of dollars annually, even under the
existing rates, and under the largely increased rates proposed would
have also a discriminating and disastrous effect on certain branches of
the carpet trade, handicapping these branches against those which use
largely the free raw materials of hair, cotton, and jute.

The duty on third class or carpet wools was put on avowedly for rev-
enue purposes, and we contend that no good reason has been given
why it should not be abolished. We beg to refer to the protest of the
American Carpet Association of Mnrch 17, 1890, and to the additional
protest of June 0, 1890, for a full statement of the case in detail.

The heavy specific duties on first and second class wools discriminate
against the American manufacturer. Our laws practically forbid the
American to compete with the foreigner in the purchase of certain
essential descriptions of wool. Thus the heavy duties increase the cost
of clothing and help the foreigner to send to this country vast quanti-
ties of woolen goods that, with free wool and moderate duties on the
goods, might be manufactured at home.

The proposed advance on wools of the first and second classes directly
affects two of the leading kinds of textiles, or woolens and worsteds for
men's and women's wear. Fine combing or delaine wools are produced
to a limited extent in the United States, chiefly in western Pennsylvania,
Ohio, and Michigan. The strictly fine qualities are grown in but small
quantities. One establishment in New England has at times consumed
more of the finest grades than the whole quantity produced in the United
States. A large proportion of all the fine combing wool has been and must
be imported. The full supply is not grown here, and is not likely to
be under any system, as the lands of the above named States are worth
more for other products.

By reason of this scarcity of fine or merino-bred combing wools a
large quantity of worsted fabrics, similar to our own, has been imported.
Most of these goods are not better in quality than the domestic product,
but the lack of raw material has compelled an importation which would
have been anticipated and supplied by our own production had the
wool been afforded as cheaply as the foreign manufacturer obtained it.
The larger carding or wool interests, producing fabrics generally felted,
consume the wools grown in the United States, both east and west of
the Mississippi, in Texas and California. Nearly, but not quite, enough
of medium and fine wool is grown in the United States to supply this
demand. There is a gradually increasing deficiency in the finest grades.
Our contention is that if the wools now imported in worsted fabrics, as
above stated, could be obtained by our manufacturers free of duty they
would displace the imported worsteds and afford so much more employ-
ment for our own labor.

Worsted is an expensive manufacture, directly and indirectly — indi-

wool' consumers' association. 3

rectly because a portion of the fleeces and assorted fibers are selected
and rejected as too short to be placed in the combs. A further portion
is thrown out by the machines in the tbrm of noil, i. c, the particular
fibers too short for the polished, silk-like luster of the worsted. From
15 to 20 per cent* of the best wool is thus thrown off in noil. These
rejected fleeces, sorts, and noils are well adapted for many fabrics which
are caixled, as are doeskins, cloths, beavers, flannels, cassimeres, ho-
siery, hats, and many kinds for women's wear. The felting qualities of
these rejected worsted wools, and of the fine Montevideo wools from
South America, are generally better than the felting qualities of our
domestic kinds. Our wools are in general well adapted for warps; the
above mentioned are better for weft or filling, since the felt or solid
wearing characteristic of the fabric is thus gained in the cheapest and
best way.

This new enlargement of one class of manufactures and the relative
improvement of other classes by the advantage of freer selection and
combination of different kinds of wool, would stimulate the woolen and
worsted industry and all the kindred pursuits. The products would be
cheapened by the better application, arrangement, and consumption of
the values involved. A better value would be afforded at the same or
a slightly lower price.

As all the wool grown in the world is now wanted the American
grower could hardly be injured by the readjustment of values. If, at
the worst, his product should fall slightly in price, he would be com-
l>ensated soon by the larger and more certain demand from the stimu-
lated and increased manufacture. The demand for mutton is rapidly
increasing, and it is afforded in better quality by sheep which produce
long wool than by the breeds producing short, fine wool. The half-
breed mutton sheep's wool, in the warp, works admirably with the re-
jected worsted fibers and the Montevideo fleeces in the filling. Thus
the mutton flocks would be stimulated through the importation of free
raw materials. The American consumer of woolens and worsteds would
get better fabrics at prices generally lower.

In view of all these considerations we respectfully ask that, in recom-
mending amendments to the pending tariff bill, you will put wool and
all raw materials on the free list.

The Wool, Consumees' Association.
By the Executive Committee :

Abthub T. Lyman, Lowell Manufacturing Company.

Jesse Metcalf, Wanskuck Company.

William B. Weeden, Weybosset Mills.

G. C. MosBS, Worumbo Manufacturing Company.

Charles M. Beach. Broad Brook Company.

T. Q. Browne, Assabet Manufacturing Company.

Henry C. Weston, Weston, Whitman & Co.

61st Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

1st Session, i \ So. 169.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

June 18» 1890. — Ordered to lie printed.

Mr. Quay sabmitted the following

RESOLUTION:

Resolved^ That the SergeaDt-at-Arms be instructed to make no
changes in his subordinates, appointees, or emi^Ioy^s prior to 1st July
proximo, without the consent of the Senate.

* ■

K '

,*■ -^i

filST Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis- Doo.

1st Session, i \ No. 170.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THB

American Historical Association

FOR

THE YE^R 1889.

June 18, 1890.— Referred to the Committee on the Library

and ordered to be printed.

WASHINGTON :

GOVBRNMBNT PRINTING OFFICK.

1890.

LETTER OF SUBMITTAL.

Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, 2>. C, June 16, 1890.

To the Congress of the United States :

In accordaDce with the act of incorporation of the Ameri-
can Historical Association, approved Jannary 4, 1889, 1 have
the honor to sabmit to Congress^ the annnal report of said
Association for the year 1889.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient
servant.

S. P. Lanqley,
Secretary^ Smithsonian Institution.
Hon. Levi P. Morton,

President of the Senate. .
Hon. Thomas B. Beed,

Speaker of the House.

ACT OF INCORPORATION.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assmnbled^ That Andrew
D. White, of Ithaca, in the State of New York ; Greorge Ban-
croft, of Washington, in the District 6f Columbia ; Justin Win-
sor, of Cambridge, in the State of Massachusetts ; William F.
Poole, of Chicago, in the State of Illiuois ; Herbert B. Adams,
of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland ; Clarence W. Bowen,
of Brooklyn, in the State of New York ; their associates and
successors, are hereby created in the District of Colupabia a
body corporate and politic, by the name of the American His-
torical Association, for the promotion of historical studies, the
collection and prese^ation of historical manuscripts, and for
kindred purposes in the interest of American history and of
history in America. Said association is authorized to hold real
and personal estate in the District of Columbia so far only as
may be necessary to its lawful ends to an amount not exceeding
five hundred thousand dollars, to adopt a constitution, and tQ
make by-laws not inconsistent with law. Said association shall
have its principal office at Washington, in the District of Colum-
bia, and may hold its annual meetings in such places as the
said incorporators shall determine. Said association shall re-
port annually to the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
concerning its proceedings and thecondition of historical study
in America. Said secretary shall communicate to Congress the
whole of such reports, or such portions thereof as he shall see
fit. The regents of the Smithsonian Institution are authorized
to permit said association to deposit its collections, manuscripts,
books, pamphlets, and other material for history in the Smith-
sonian Institution or in the National Museum at their discre-
tion, upon such conditions and under such rules as they shall
prescribe.

[Approved, January 4, 1889.]

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

AiiEBiGAN Historical Association,

Baltimore^ Md.^ June 13, 1890.

Sib: Incompliance with the act of incorporation of the
American Historical Association, approved January 4, 188^,
which reqaires that ^' said Association shall report annnally to
the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, concerning its
proceedings and the condition of historical study in America,"
I have the honor to transmit herewith my general report of
the proceedings of the American Historical Association at the
sixth annual meeting, held in Washington, D. O., December
28-31, 1889. In addition to this general summary of proceed-
ings, I send also the inaugural address of President Charles
Kendall Adams, on '^ Recent Historical Work in the Colleges
and Universities of Europe and America," together with a paper
on "The Spirit of Historical Research," by James Schouler, of
Boston, the historian of the United States, and a monograph
on " The Origin of the National Scientific and Educational In-
stitutions of the United States," by Dr. G.Brown Goode, Assist-
ant Secreta^ of the Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the
U. S. National Museum, and a bibliography of the published
works of members of the American Historical Association, pre-
pared by Paul Leicester Ford, of Brooklyn, New York.
Very respectfully,

Herbert B. Adams,

Secretary.

Prof. S. P. Langley,

Secretary Smithsonian Institutiony Washingtonj Z>. 0.

CONTENTS.

1. General report of the proceedings at the annaal meeting held in Wash-

ingtou, D. C, December 2&-31, 1889 ' 1

2. Inaugural addresct of President Charles Kendall Adams on '* Recent His-

torical Work in tbe Colleges and Universities of Knrope and
America." L.. 19

3. '^ The Spirit of Historical Research" by James Schoaler, of Boston... . 43

4. '* The Origin of tbe National Scientific and Educational Institutions of

the United States," by Dr. G. Brown G6ode, Assistant Secretary
of the Smithsonian Institution, in charge of theU. S. National Mn-
- seuui 53

5. Bibliography of the published works of members of the American His-

torical Association, by Paul Leicester Ford, of Brooklyn, New York. ][63

VII

REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS AT SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

By Hebdekt B. Aoam8, Secretary.

The American Historical Association was organized at Sara-
toga in ISSij with only forty members, for the promotion of
historical studies. In six years this society has grown, by a
process of historical selection, to a membeiship of six hundred
and twenty, with one hundred life members. At the sixth
annual meeting, which was held in Washington, D. C, from
the 28th to the 3l8t of December, 1889, there were jiresent
eighty-seven members, the largest attendance in the history of
the Association.

The following is an alphabetical list of members present:

Charles Kendall Adams, president.

Herbert B. Adams, secretary.

Prof. H. C. Adams, Ann Arbor.

Dr. Cyrus Adler, of Baltimore.

Miss Maria Weed Alden, Now York.

Dr. Charles M. Andrews, Bry n Mawr.

Dr. W. G Andrews, Guilford, Conn.

Dr. £. M. Avery, Cleveland.

Prof. Simeon £. Baldwin, New Ha-
ven.

Dr. Frederic Bancrpft, librarian of
the State Department.

Hon. George Bancroft, ex-president
of the association.

General William Birney, Washing-
ton.

Prof. Edward S. Bourne, Adelbert
College, Cleveland.

Henry £.* Bourne, Norwich Acad-
emy.

Dr. Clarence W. Bo wen. New York.

Dr. Jeffrey R. Brackett, Baltimore.

Prof. George L. Burr, Cornell Uni-
versity.

S. Mis- 170 ^1

Prof. Howard W. Caldwell. Univer-
sity of Nebraska.

General Henry B. Carrington, of
Boston.

Judge Mellen Chamberlain, of Bos-
ton.

Kev. Thomas S. Childs, D. D., Wash-
ington.

A. Howard Clark, U. S. National
Museum.

Mendes Cohen, secretary of the
Maryland Historical Society.

W. v. Cox, U. S. National Masenm.

M(^. Gen. George W. Cullum, U. S.
Army, New York.

Prof. R. H. Dabney, University of
Virginia.

General Charles W. Darling, secre-
tary of the Oneida Historical
Society.

Llewellyn Deane, Washington.

Dr. William A. Dunning, Columbia
College.

Paul Leicester Ford, Brooklyn.

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Mrs. Olivia M. Foni, Washingtou.

Dff. £. M. Gallaadety president Na-
tioDal Deaf-Mate College.

Dr. G. Brown Goode, Assistant Sec-
retary of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution.

A. A. Graham, State Historical So-
ciety, Colnmbiis.

Judge Alexander B. Hagner, Wash-
ington.

Charles H. Haskins, Baltimore.

Prof. Paul Hauptf BalUmore.

General Jose^ih R. Hawley, United
States Senate.

Col. John Hay, .Washington.

Hon. Willam Wirt Henry, Rich-
moud, vice-president of the As-
sociation.

Hon. George F. Hoar, United States
Senate.

Pro^. F. H. Hodder, Cornell Univer-
sity.

Roswell Randall Hoes, U. S. Navy.

Hon. John Jay, vice president of
the Association.

Rear- Admiral Thornton A. Jenkins,
U. 8. Nj^vy, Washington.

Miss Elizabeth Bryant Johnston,
Washington.

Hon. Horatio King, Washington.

John A. King, president New York
Historical Society.

Mrs. Martha J. Lamb, editor of Mag-
azine of American History.

Edward G. Mason, president Chicago
Historical Society.

Prof. O. T. Mason, U. S. National
Mnsenm.

John H. T. McPherson, Baltimore.

General R. D. Mussey, Washington.

Judge Charles A. Peabody, New
York.

Prof. John Pollard, Richmond.

Dr. William F. Poole, librarian
Newberry Library, Chicago.

Rev. J. £. Rankin, D.D., president
Howard University.

James F. Rhodes, Cleveland.

Theodore Roosevelt, Civil Service
Commission, Washington.

General Rnfas Saxton, Washington.

Dr. Walter B. Scaife, Baltimore.

James Schouler, Boston.

Prof. Austin Scott, Rutgers Col-
lege.

William Henry Smith, president
Associated Press, New York.

Dr. Freeman Snow, Harvard Uni-
versity.

A. R. Spofford, Library of Con-
gress.

Dr. Charles J. Stills, Philadelphia.

Henry Stockbridge, Baltimore.

George H. Stone, Cleveland.

Heory Strong, Washington.

John Osborne Sumner, Harvard
University.

Dr. Joseph Meredith Toner, Library
of Congress.

Prof. William P. Trent, Univers
of the South.

President Lyon G. Tyler, William
and Mary College.

John Martin Vincent, Johns Hop-
kins University.

Mrs. Ellen Harden Walworth,
Washington. -

President Ethelbert D. Warfield,
Miami University.

J. E. Watkins, U. S. National Mu-
seum.

William B. Weeden, president His-
torical Association. Brown Uni-
versity.

President James C. Welling, Colum-
bian University.

Ex-president Andrew D. White,
Cornell University.

W. W. Willoughby, Johns Hopkins
University.

General James Grant Wilson, New
York.

Prof. Thomas Wilson, U. S. National
Museum.

Dr. Justin Winsor, librarian Har-
vard University.

James A. Woodburn, Johns Hopkins
University.

General Marcus J. Wright, War
Records Office, Washington,

PROCEEDINGS AT ANNUAL MEETING. 3

The headquarters of. the Association in Washington were at
the Arlington Hotel. Three morning sessions, Saturday, Mon-
day, and Tuesday, were held from 10.30 to 1 o'clock at the
National Museum by permission^ of the Regents of the Smith-
sonian Institution, and three evening sessions on the same
days from 8 to 10 p. m., in the large lecture hall of the Oolum-
bian University by invitation of President James 0. Welling.
Sunday and the afternoon hours were free for social purposes.
On Monday, from 4 to 7 o'clock, a tea was given to the members
of the Association and their friends by Mr. and Mrs. Horatio
King, 707 H street, and ou Tuesday afternoon, at the same
hours, Mrs. Walworth extended to the Association a like cour-
tesy at her new home, 1300 L street. By invitation of the
board of managers our members enjoyed the privileges of the
GoBmosClub during the four days' sojourn in Washington.
Every evening after adjournment of the formal session of
the Association at the Columbian University there was a
social reunion at the Cosmos Club. On Monday afternoon
and on Tuesday morning by invitation of the librarian. Dr.
Ban<»x)flt, parties of historical students and specialists visite<l
the State Department for an examination of the interesting
SM^hives there pre^^erved.

The convention opened Saturday morning, December 28, in
the large lecture hall of the National Museum. The walls were
decorated with the Cathii collection of Indian portraits, with
pictures of Pueblos and Cliff dwellers, and with the busts of
American statesmen. The room was admirably suited to the
purposes of the Association. The curators of the Museum had
introduced a number of cases for the display of interesting
historical relics, books, manuscripts, etc., which attracted great
attention on the part of the members as they entered or left
the hall. The first paper presented at the morning session was
by Prof. George L.Burr, of Cornell University, who has in his
immediate charge the excellent historical library of ex-Presi-
dent Andrew D. White. The subject of Mr. Burr's paper was
^The Literature of Witchcraft," for the illustration of which
ample materials had been found in Mr. White's library. The
literature of witchcraft includes perhaps a thousand volumes.
The earliest was written in the fifteenth century, and their
authors were Dominicans of the Inquisition. They regarded
the subject as an old one. Indeed, the Church had always
fought against magic. She had taught that the gods of the

4 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

pagans were devils and those who worshipped them were sor-
cerers. The belief in Satan was developed by medisDval monks
and the Church fathers, re-enforced by Byzantine speculation.
Belief in the Devil's activity in this world was elaborated by
scholasticism into a system, of which the whole literature of
witchcraft is but a broken reflection. To detect and punish the
servants of Satan was the work of the Inquisition and the per-
secutors of witchcraft in England and New England.

The second paper of Saturday morning's session was <' A
Catechism of Political Reaction," by ex-President Andrew D.
White. In his preface to this paper Mr. White called atten-
tion to the fact that while studies of the French Revolution in
Europe have been developed to an enormous extent there has
been no corresponding treatment, indeed no adequate.study of
the reaction after the various revolutions. Mr. White's paper
was a contribution to such a history. His essay was based
upon a very rare and curious little book which he obtained at
Sorrento three years ago. The book wa« a wonderfully well-
argued and well-written catechism by the Archbishop of Sor-
rento, who was placed by the King of the Two Sicilies, about
1850, at the head of the department of public instruction at
Naples, and also made the tutor of the young prince. It con-
tains the most amazing declarations of war against modern
civilization, and indeed against nearly everything moral, politi-
cal, or social which the nineteeth century regards as a land-'
mark of progress. It argues with wonderful force that the
king is not bound by any oath that he may have sworn to
maintain a constitution, and urges with extreme cleverness all
the arguments in support of absolute government. Mr. White
took up several chapters of this remarkable catechism and gave
in detail the argument in each.

The third paper was by Herbert Elmer Mills, Instructor in
History, Cornell University, on "The French Revolution in
San Domingo." In 17^9, San Domingo was by far the most
important of the colonies of France. Commercially it was pros-
perous, but its population was divided into the Creole planters,
the free " people of color," and the slaves, by far the most
numerous class. Government was in the hands of the French
minister of marine, and was administered by a governor and
an intendant. The people had no political privileges, and
this fact had long irritated the Creoles. At the first announce-
ment of the approaching meeting of the States-General in

PROCEEDINGS AT ANNUAL MEETING. 5

France, the people of San Domingo took measures to secure
representation, hoping thereby to win for themselves the con-
trol of the island. Delegates were chosen, but a careful study
shows that the assemblies which elected them were widely
scattered and by no means represented the entire body of
the planters. At first the representatives were given a seat,
but not a voice among the Third Estate ; but before the end of
1789 they had won recognition as entitled to six votes in the
National Assembly. Meantime the free people of color in San
Domingo had not been idle. Their representatives also ap-
peared at the National Assembly and claimed seats. It has
been assumed by historians that these representatives were
actually elected in the island and sent to Paris, but the truth
is that they were chosen merely by members of this caste who
were residents of Paris. No place was granted them in the
National Assembly. Of course neither emancipation nor
representation of the servile class was thought of either by the
whites or free people of color in San Domingo.

The last paper of the morning session was read by Clarence
W. Bowen on a newly discovered manuscript called Reminis-
cences of the American War of Independence, by Ludwig
Baron von Ciosen, Aid to Count de Eochambeau. This manu-
script was found in the early part of the year 1889 among the
archives of the Yon Ciosen family in their castle in Bavaria.
A translation was sent to Mr. Bowen, who read brief extracts.
Ludwig Baron von Ciosen, the author, was born August 14,
1765, and in his early years entered the French military serv-
ice. On the arrival of the French expe<1ition in Newport, B.
I., in 1780^ he was made Aid to Count de Rochambean, com-
mander of the expedition. Previously he had been captain in
the regiment Royal Deux Ponts. Ou returning to France in
1783, Von Ciosen received from Louis XVI. the Order of Le-
gion of Honor, and the Order for Merit, and in 1792 was in-
formed of his election, with the permission of the King of
France, to the Order of the Cincinnati. He died in 1830. In
his reminiscences he speaks of his visits to John Hancock of
Massachusetts, Jonathan Trumbull of Connecticut, and Thomas
Jefferson of Virginia. He conducted Washington from the
Hudson River to Rochambean at Newport. He reports the
conferences between Washington, Uochambeau. La Fayette, and
De Grasse near Yorktown. His visit to Mrs. Washington at
Mount Vernon, a ball ho gave at Baltimore, and visits to other

6 AMEBICAN HISTOBICAL A8S0CIATI0K.

sectionfl of the coantry are described by Yon Gloaen ia the
most charming manner. His reminiscences are fall of histori*
cal interest, and are an important addition to the literatnre of
the French in America dnring the Bevolntionary War.

The evening session on Saturday began promptly at 8
o'clock at the Columbian University, with the Hon. John Jay,
of New York, presiding. In a brief but comprehensive sketch
Mr. Jay reviewed the work of the morning session and then in-
troduced President Adams, who delivered an interesting inau-
' gural address upon The Recent Historical Work of the Urn-
versities. He said that the first distinct professorship of history
was established at Harvard Uni versi ty in 1839, for Jared Sparks.
At Yale, as at other American colleges, history was long taught
by means of text- books without much real enthusiasm. A great
advance was made when Andrew D. White, fresh from original
studies in France and Germany, entered upon an historical pro-
fessorship in 1857, at the University of Michigan. From that
institution President White's influence was transmitted to Oor-
uell University, which developed the first distinct professorship
of American history. Senator Hoar, after President Adams's
address, called attention to the fact that Jared Sparks's lectures
at Harvard University were largely upon American subjects,
and were at the same time original contributions to American
history. Mr. Adams reviewed the progress of historical science •
in the various countries of Europe, including Great Britain,
Holland, Belgium, Italy, Germany, and France. His conclu-
sion was, that the best advantages for historical study are now
to be found in the schools of Paris, and that before the achieve-
ments of European universities American scholars find more to
encourage humility than pride. Bemarks were made upon
President Adams's paper by President White. Professor Austin
Scott, of Rutgers College, justly called attention to the works
of the smaller colleges in America, and to the services of the
late Pfofessor Allen, of the University of Wisconsin, who was
one of the most critical scholars and ablest teachers of history
in this country.

After the inaugural address, Mendes Cohen, corresponding
secretary of the Maryland Historical Society, gave an interest-
ing account of the discovery of the Calvert papers in England,
and of their recent publication in Baltimore. He exhibited to
the Association the first volume, which has just appeared from
the press. Mr. Cohen's statement of the progress of an impor-

l>ROCEEDINGS AT ANNUAL M]t:ETlNG. Y

taut work nndertaken by a State historical society perliaps
foreshadows similar reports that may be presented at futare
meetings by delegates from the various historical societies of
the United States and of Canada.

The Association re-assembled Monday morning, December
30, at half-past ten, in the National Museum, President
Adams in the obair. The first paper was on <^The Origin and
Early History of our National Scientific Institutions,'^ by Dr.
6. Brown Goode, assistant secretary of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion. Dr. Ooode reviewed the entire history of scientific and
philosophical societies in this country, and gave special atten-
tion to the development of literary and scientific institutions in
the city of Washington. He called attention to the fact that, as
early as 1775, when Washington was in his camp at 0am bridge,
Major Blodgett said to him that a national university ought to
be erected in which the youth of the whole country might re-
ceive instruction. Washington replied, <' Young man, you are
a prophet, inspired to speak what I am confident will one day
be realized." Dr. Goode pointed out the various tendencies
toward the development of a larger scientific and intellectual
life in the Federal Oity. He traced the history of its various
institutions of learning, including the Oolumbian University,
the American Academy of Sciences, and the Smithsonian In-
stitution, with which the American Historical Association was
allied by Act of Congress approved January 4, 1889.

The next paper was on *^ The Development of International
Law as to Newly Discovered Territory," by Dr. Walter B.
Scaife, Beader on Historical Geography in the Johns Hopkins
University. His paper opened with a brief sketch of the policy
of the Roman See as the arbiter of Europe, from the eleventh to
the fifteen th century. Dr. Scaife showed that the bulls of Alex-
ander YL, dividing the non-Ohristian world between Spain and
Portugal, were not manifestations of an unheard of presump-
tion, but wei*e the natural outgrowth of precedent conditions.
But this authority was now rejected, and was replaced by the
rule of force. Meantime, international law had started on its
career to try to persuade men to be governed by reason rather
than by force; and ever striving toward the ideal, but keeping
the practical in mind, it advanced iu the course of two cen-
turies and a half to the formulation of rules of action, high in
their aim and still practicable in their application. During
this time the practice of nations was undergoing also modifica

8 AMEBIC Al^ HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

tioDs. Spain, 'finding the Pope's authority rejected by other
Iiowers, set up the right of possession by discovery; bat in
this England was at least her equal, inasmuch as her repre-
sentative had seen the mainland of the Western Continent be-
fore any Spaniard. England advanced also this theory as long
as it answered her purpose, then turned to another, viz., that
actual occupation is necessary to effect a complete title. Fi-
nally, during the present decade, a union has been made of
practice and theory in the formation of the Congo State; and
rules have been formulated and adopted by the Great Powers
for the future regulation of national action in the matter. The
whole subject goes to show the value of forming correct
scientific theories as to the affairs of men, even when appar-
ently there is the least hope of their ever being realized ; that
they do have effect on the practices of mankind, and that a
time will come when they will be recognized as the true stand-
ard of action.

An important contribution to post bellum historical literature
was a paper on ^^The Impeachment and Trial of President
Johnson," by Dr. William A. Dunning, of Columbia University,
New York. The points which he considered were three : first,
the causes contributing to the impeachment proceedings ; sec-
ond, the issues involved in the impeachment by the House ;
and third, the issue involved in' the trial by the Senate. The
causes which seem to have been peculiarly efficient were the
personality of Johnson and bis theory of reconstruction . There
were three different attempts at impeachment in the House.
It was the President's removal of Stanton in apparent defiance
of the tenure of office act that precipitated the final impeach-
ment. Before the Senate the most important question really
answered was, whether the Senate could be viewed as a court
proper or not The radicals said no. The Senate's action,
however, favored the contrary opinion. With this divided sen-
timent, conviction on any of the numerous charges was practi-
cally impossible. Article XL, involving the President's
resistance to reconstruction, was most likely to prove success-
ful, but failure to obtain a two-thirds vote on this matter was
the knell of all impeachment proceedings. Dr. Dunning con-
cluded that the framers of our Constitution built strongly in
co-ordinating the various departments of our government No
circumstances more favorable to removing a President from
office are likely to arise in the future, and the result of the

PROCEEDraGS AT ANNUAL MEETING. 9

Johnson impeachment was a confirmation of the principle ba:
serted by the fathers of the Republic.

The subject of the next paper was '^ The Trial and Execu-
tion of John Brown," by General Marcus J. Wright, of the
War Records office, Washington, D. O. The paper was sub-
stantially an answer to Dr. H. von Hoist's charges that John
JBrown did not receive a fair trial. General Wright reviewed
the whole matter from notes and evidence taken at the time,
and clearly established his thesis that every thing was done
which the law required. The concluding paper of the morning
session was '^ A Defense of Congressional Government,'' by
Dr. Freeman Snow, of Harvard University. Dr. Snow said
that Americans are now engaged in drawing comparisons be-
tween the English and the American Constitutions, and, like
Mr. Bagehot, they find nearly all the advantages on the side of
the English. The multitude, it is said, needs leadership.
Hence, if we would save our society from disintegration, we
roust adopt the English system of responsible leadership.
The error of this view, Mr. Snow contended, lies in looking too
intently at the mere machinery of government, and not at so-
ciety as a whole. The effect of obeying leaders is to take away
from the masses the habit of thinking for themselves. If our
government is at any time less efficient or less orderly, it is
the safest in the long run, for it develops the capacity for self-
government among the people. Dependence upon leaders, as
in the English system, has the opposite effect. Too much is
expected of popular government We should not expect per-
fection from an imperfect people. If w;e want more efficient
legislation-, we must send men to Washington for just that pur-
posCh The present condition of our politics is largely a legacy
left us by the slavery struggle and the civil war. It is an
abnormal condition of things and will pass away. It is even
now on the wane.

The evening se^ssion of Monday was at the Columbian Uni-
versity, Judge Chamberlain presiding. The papers were de-
voted to New England and the West. This feature of grouping
contributions by large subjects, such as European History,
National History, the North, the West, the South, and Histor-
ical Science, wlis generally recognized as a great improvement
in the arrangement of historical material. The first paper of
the evening was on '^ The Economic and Social History of New
England, 1620-1789," by William B. Weeden, of Providence.

10 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

New Eugland oommnnities were founded on freehold land
tenure ; on a meeting^ the local and social expression of religious
life and family culture ; and on a representative^ democratic
gathering corresponding io the old folk-mote of the Germanic
race. Economically New England settlers profited by trade
with the Indians through wampum. These beads were both
jewelry and currency. As currency they were redeemable in
beaver. When immigration was checked in 1640, the colonists
built ships and bartered their own products among themselves.
Vessels were loaded with fish, and sailed for the West Indies
or Europe. Returning they brought iron, cordage, and all the
goods needed by the new settlements. In this commerce the
Puritans prayed, labored, and traded. Stephen Winthrop wrote
to his father, after having sold his wine, '^filessed be Gtod, well
sold!" Commerce and the fisheries were nourished by home
products. The New England whale fishery began in boats from
the shore, and finally extended into every sea. The slave-trade
and the making of rum were important factors in the industrial
life of the eighteenth century. Even the founder of Fanenil
Hall helped forward this form of commercial intercourse. Eco-
nomic history is the basis of political life. No grand theory of
government caused our American colonies to form a republic.
The economic resistance of strong citizens to stamp acts and
other economic grievances won us our magnificent rights of
freedom, as truly as the charters of mediaeval cities were ob-
tained by purchase.

Mr. William Henry Smith, president of the Associated Press,
New York, then read a valuable liaper on ^< The Oorrespondence
of the Pelham Family, and the Loss of Oswego to the British.'^
Mr. Smith said that the president of the Association one year
ago forcibly presented the importance of governmental aid in
the collection of historical records, and commended the example
of Canada to the attention of our legislators. If that admirable
address by Dr. Poole penetrated to the interior of the Capitol,
it would seem to be confined to the subterranean vaults, or
buried beneath innumerable applications for office. The patri-
otic work of the Dominion of Canada should claim the atten-
tion of our great Republic. Mr. Smith said he was disposed to
favor an extension of the Canadian Governmentoverthe (Jnited
States long enough to inspire our legislators with sufficient
patriotism to secure the collection and preservation of histor-
ical manuscripts relating to America. He then proceeded to
illustrate the value of the papers of the Pelham family which

PROCEEDINGS AT ANNUAL liEETINO. II

are now aocessibley and relate largely to Americaii affairs. The
entire collection comprises 522 Tolnmes, 305 of wh ch contain
the official correspondence preserved by Thomas Pelham. It
is arranged chronologically, from 1697-176S, and is especially
rich in diplomatic papers relating to this country. Mr. Smith's
paper will be published in full in the proceedings of the Asso-
ciation, and will doubtless be highly suggestive to students of
American history.

The next paper was on <' The Early History of the Ballot
in CJonnecticut,^ by Prof. Simeon E. Baldwin, of the law de-
partment of Yale University. The paper was read in an im-
pressive manner and held attention. The professor said that
election by ballot first appears in American history as a consti-
tutional provision, in the constitution of Connecticut of 1639.
It was coupled with a sy8tem of prior official nominations; as
regards the ^' magistrates," or those who came to form the upper
house of the legislature Twenty were annually nominated, of
whom twelve only could be elected. The list was arranged by
the legislature, on the basis of a previous popular vote, and the
present incumbents were always put first, in the order of their
official seniority. Only as these died, or refused a renomination^
was there practically any chance for the election of any of the
last eight. The first name on the official ticket was always voted
on first, and so on ; no one being allowed to vote for more than
twelve. This gave great stability to legislation, and was what
kept Connecticut so long subject to a Church establishment.
When the power of the Federalists haddecltnedevery where else,
it was as strong as ever in the upper house. The representa-
tives elected, semi-annually sh^ired the feeling of the day; but
the councillors, or ^^ assistants," stood for that of ten or twenty
years before. . From 1783 to 1801, only one was dropped with-
out bis consent; and it took a struggle of seventeen years
tonger to give a ranjority to the " Tolerationists " and Jeffer-
soniaus. Congressmen were elected in a similar manner, and
with similar results, down to 1818. The legislature published
the nominations (twice as many as there were places to fill), and
arranged them so that the first half— those already in office —
were almost invariably re-elected, The Colonial charter of 1662
made no mention of the ballot, or of an official ticket, but both
bad become so firmly imbedded in use, that they were read into
it, between the lines, and stood as fundamental institutions of
the commonwealth for nearly two hundred years.

12 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

At the close of the evening session, Theodore Boosevelt, of
the U. S. Oivil-Service Coinmissiou, gave an extempore address
upon ^' Certain Phases of the Western Movement daring the
Bevolationary War." He deplored the ignorance of Western
history shown by Eastern historians. He likened the ignorance
to that of the English regarding American history in general.
Those who find American or Western history uninteresting and
anpicturesqae have only themselves to blame; for the fault lies
in the critics, and not in the subject-mfatter, which is as heroic
and inspiring a^ au^' great chapter in the history of the world.
Mr. Roosevelt said the great West was won in the midst of war
and revolution. He gave a graphic picture of the westward
movement of the pioneers and the conquest of the Western
country from the French and Indians. The motives of the first
settlers were adventure, better lands, and the improvement of
material conditions in life. Daniel Boone and his followers
were joined by vanous parties of hunters. The region of Ken-
tnpky, that old hunting-ground of Northern and Southern In-
dians, were successfully occupied, but only after Lord Dun-
more's war. There was but one route to the West, and that
lay through the Cumberland Gap, which the frontiersman had
to protect. The conquest of the Illinois country was achieved
by. the expedition of George Rogers Clark and the Virginians.
Few Uevolntionary heroes deserve more credit than this bold
and aggressive military leader, who conquered the West for
the -American Republic. Mr. Roosevelt described how govern-
ment was organized in that Western country upon the basis of
English institutions, with which the settlers were familiar.
The reproduction of the old English military system and of
representation baseil on military districts, with palisaded vil-
lages as the primary seats of self-govi^rnment, is most curioaa
and instructive. The county-type of organization was nat-
urally copied by settlers who had come from Virginia and the
South. The foundation of this great Federal Republic was laid
by backwoodsmen, who conquered and held the land west of
the Alleghanies, and thus prepared the way for the continental
dominion of the English race in America. The westward move-
ment of the early pioneers can be best understood in the light
of the westward march of immigration in our own time.

A lively discussion followed Mr. Roosevelt's spirited presen-
tation of his subject, and exceptions were taken to his state-
ment that there were no permanent settlements beyond the

PROCEEDINGS AT ANNUAL MEETING. 13

AUeghftDies antil after the Bevolation. Dr. Toner, of the Con*
gressional Library, raade a plea for the early settlers of the Ohio
Valley, and Dr. StiH6, of Philadelphia^ and Dr. Poole, of
Chicago, entered the listB in behalf of numerous local settle-
ments b§yond the mountains. Mr. Roosevelt defended his
thesis as a general proposition, and Mr. Edwanl O. Mason,
president of the Chicago Historical Society, sustaiaed him-.

Tuesday morning the convention met once more in the Na-
tional Museum, with a large and enthusiastic audience, to
listen to a series of papers upon Southern history. In place
of Edward Eggleston's paper on ^< Bacon^s Bebelliou," which
he was prevented from giving, General Henry B. Carrington,
who had just returned from Montana, spoke of *^The Concen-
tration of the Flathead Indians upon the Jocko Reservation,"
as betokening a better future for a tribe which, since the ex-
{^edition of Lewis and Clark in 1805, has been uniformly
friendly with the whites. Chief Carlos and every member of
the tribe had consented to the removal. Their lands in the
Bitter Boot Valley are to be sold for the benefit of the Indians
to the highest bidder. General Carrington maintained that
the history of this tribe shows that Christianity must precede
eivilization and is essential to Indian development.

*<The Constitutional Aspects of Kentucky's Struggle for
Autonomy, 178i-'93," by Ethelbert D. Warfleld, president of
Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, was the next theme of dis-
cussion. As early as 1776 Kentucky began to feel the neces-
sity of self-government. In that year George Rogers Clark
made the first demand for the separation of that region from
Virginia. The mother colony allowed the institution of the
county of Kentucky, which concession for the time allayed
agitation. It broke out again in 1780, and soon became
chronic From the year 1784 to 1792, when Kentucky was
admitteil to the CTnion, no less than ten regular conventions
were held and several irregular assemblies besides, in the
interest of self-government for Kentucky. The history of the
time is one of constant turmoil. Threats of violent separation,
both from Virginia and the Union, were frequent; and yet not
one action of an unconstitutional character stains the records
of these various conventions. The conservative element was
largely Scotch-Irish Presbyterian, and it held the balance of
power, which was always exerted on the side of law and order.
When the Constitution of the United States came before the

14 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Virginia OonventioDi the district of Kentucky voted , eleven to
three^ against adoption. And yet when their own convention
finally drew np a coustitntion, it leaned -strongly toward the
Federal instrument. Kentucky shares with Vermont the
honor of^ first insisting on manhood suffrage. The period
known as that of the Separatist Movements is one of singular
self^estraint when viewed on the constitutional side.

The next paper was by President Lyon 6. Tyler, of Williams-
burgh, Va., who presented some historical facts from the records
of William and Mary College, the oldest institution of higher
education at the South. Mr. Tyler called attention to the
fact that this venerable institution had lately been brought to
life by an act of the Virginia Greneral Assembly,. which appro-
priates ten thousand a year to the support of the college. He
traced the historic influence of the college upon the univer-
sity idea in Virginia, and dwelt particularly upon the early
elective system in vogue at Williamsburgh. He thought that
this system was developed by Jefferson at the University of
Virginia, and was not an importation from foreign universities.
The first law-school in America was established at William
and Mary. The professorship of George Wythe was the
second law professorship in the English-speaking world. Mr.
Tyler also maintained that the college exercised all the powers
of a civil-service commission in appointing the county survey-
ors after examination. He described the early discipline of
the college, and illustrated by extracts from the old treasury
books the intimate relations between the college and the
colony. As early as 1779, William and Mary College was
doing its work by an advanced system of lectures on law,
medicine, and natural science.

One of the most imixirtant papers presented at the conven-
tion was on ^' Materials for the Study of the Government of
the Confederate States," by John Osborne Sumner, a graduate
of Harvard University. The author said that historical at-
tention had been directed almost exclusively toward the mili-
tary operations of the Confederacy, but its constitutional and
internal history were also of great interest. Much material
for a study of the Confederate Government was destroyed dur-
ing the war, and much that has been preserved is not yet ac-
cessible. We have, however, a full series of statutes, about
one hundred and fifty executive messages, often accompanied
by documents, and various reports of secretaries and bureaus.

, PBOCEEDINGS AT ANNUAL MEETING. 15

There are also in print namerons congressional dociuments,
ordinanoesy statutes, and governors^ messages of the several
States, together with the joarnals of their legislatures and con-
venlions. The joarnals of the Confederate Congress are said
to be still in existence, bat their present place of deposit is not
known. The Bichmond newspapers contained fall reports of
public proceedings, but much business was transacted in secret,
and is little known. The historical material actually existing
is widely scattered among tbe public and private libraries of
the country, and there is as yet no systematic bibliography
of what has been published. The most important manuscript
collection wan that purchased by the United States Govern-
ment and now preserved in the Treasury Department. It com-
prises a large portion of the correspondence of the Confederate
Oovernment with its agents abroad and at the North. Other
Confederate documents are in the custody of the State Depart-
ment, and there are several small collections in private hands.
The publications of the War Records Office include Confeder-
ate documents; but the series thus far has been devoted to
military history. The newspapers of the South in war time
are a mine of history which has been but little exploited.
Various magazines were published at the South, and two or
three illustrated papers appeared at Bichmond during the war,
among them a Southern Punch. A noteworthy euteri)rise of
the Confederate Government was the publication in Loudon of
The Index^ a weekly review established for the cultivation of
friendly relations between Europe and the South. Mr. Sum-
ner suggested the organization of inquiry with regard to the
existence of materials for Confederate history.

The Hon. William Wirt Henry, of Bichmond, said that the
library of the Southern Historical Society in his city was the
chief Southern repository of collections relating to tbe civil
war and the Confederate States. Dr. J. B. Brackett expressed
the hope that Mr. Summer would print, in connection with his
paper, a full bibliography of the materials which he had dis-
covered. Prof. William P. Trent, of the University of the South,
then read some interesting ^^ Notes on the Outlook for Histori-
cal Studies in the Southern States." He called attention to
the collection of materials for Southern history now being made
in New York City. He sketched the condition of the various
State Historical Societies in the South, and regretted the great
. lack of public enthusiasm for historical work. He described

16 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. ,

theexistinfT historical collection atBichmond and other places,
and gave some acconut of the leading pablications and mono-
graphs now in preparation, Mr. Trent urged that Southern
history should be more earnestly studied by scholars in all parte
of the country, and recommended a report of historical progress
from the State societies to the American Historical Associa-
tion. Dr. Justin Winsor, Librarian of Harvard University,
paid a merited tribute to the historical work of Mr. Hannis
Taylor, of Mobile, Alabama, who, isolated from libraries and
historical associations, had produced a valuable constitutional
history of England. Dr. H. B. Adams emphasized Mr. Trent's
idea of the importance of an annual report of the work done
by State Historical Societies to the Secretary of the Smithso-
nian Institution through the medium of the American Historical
Association.

The morning session was concluded by a brief and interest-
ing paper on ^^ The Relations of History to Ethnology," by
Prof. O. T. Mason, of the National Museum. He showed that
the student of human culture is constantly a debtor to the
historian. To illustrate this idea he spoke of the myth of the
armadillo. The existence of musical instruments bearing the
same name among negroes on two continents can be explained
historically. The student of ethnology spends quite as mueh
time in libraries as in the field. He urged the Association to
use ite influence for the increase of the collections in the
National Museum. He called attention to the motive which
governs the operations of the ethnological department as
entirely in harmony with the utterance of President Adams,
that all things are now studied by the historic method. Pro-
fessor Mason then explained the contents of the Museum cases,
which had been wheeled into the audience room, to illustrate
the nature of studies in the history of culture now in progress
in Washington.

During the morning session the venerable historian, George
Bancroft, now in his ninetieth year, eotered the hall, and amid
the applause of members of the Association was escorted to
the platform, where for a few moments he occupied the presi-
dent's chair after he had briefly addressed the Society over
which he presided three years ago. The -closing session of
this, the most successful meeting of the American Historical
Society, was devoted to historical science in general. A
special report on the bibliography of members was made by •

PROCEEDINGS AT ANNUAL MEETING. 17

Paul Leicester Ford, the bibliographer of Franklin. A report
was read by the secretary on <'The Present Condition of His-
torical Studies in Canada,'' by George Stewart, jr., D. 0. L.,
LL. D., president of the Literary and Historical Society of
Quebec. Mr. James Schonler, of Boston, the distinguished
author of the ^^ History of the United States," read a philo-
sophical paper upon ^* The Spirit of Research." He said re-
search is a fitting word to apply to historical studies, for it im-
plies that one is not content to skim over the surface of past
events, but prefers to turn the soil for himself. (See page 43
of this volume.) Space will not permit even an abstract of
Mr. WinsoT's very suggestive account of ^^The Perils of
Historical Study." The writer of the great ^* Narrative and
Critical History of America" warned the Association that
history must be continually rewritten, either from new de-
velopments or from new sources, which keep historical study
fresh and perennial. Each generation must renew the dis-
cussion of historical events. Opinious change; and the
history of opinion about facts is no small part of the history
of those facts. Mr. Winsor's paper was discussed at some
length by Judge Chamberlain, of Boston. The last paper of
the session was by Worthington C. Ford, editor of the new
edition of " Washington^ Writings." Mr. Ford spoke of " The
Government as a Guardian of American History." He con-
demned the past policy of the nation in allowing valuable
historical papers to pass into private keeping rather than into
our national archives. He criticised past and present methods
of treating our State papers, and made a strong plea for a
better system of government control in these matters.

£esolutions of thanks were passed by the Association for
courtesies received from the regents of the Smithsonian In-
stitution, the curators of the National Museum, the president
of the Columbian University, the governors of the Cosmos
Club, the Librarian of the State Department, Mr. and Mrs.
Horatio King, and Mrs. Walworth, of Washington. A com-
mittee on the time and place of the next meeting reported
through Dr. Poole in favor of Washington, and of meeting
during the Christmas holidays, from the 28th to the 3Ist of
December, 1890. In behalf of the committee on nominations.
Judge Chamberlain recommended the following board of
officers, which was unanimously elected : President, Hon. John
Jay, New York City ; first vice-president, Hon. William Wirt
8. Mis. 170 2

18 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Henry, Bichmond, Ya.; second vice-president, James B,
Angell, LL. D., president University of Michigan ; treaHnrer,
Dr. Clarence W. Bowen, New York; secretary. Dr. H. B.
Adams, Johns Hopkins University; assistant secretary and
curator (a newly-created office), A. Howard Olark, curator of
the historical collections of the National Mnseam. Two new
members were added to the executive council, namely Dr. Q.
Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian insti-
tution, in charge of the National Museum, and John George
Bouriuot, D. G. L., clerk of the Canadian House of Commons.
The Executive Council already embraces the ex-presidents of
the Association : Hon. Andrew D* White, LL. D.. Hon. George
Bancroft, LL. D., Justin Winsor, LL, D., William P. Poole,
LL. D., and the following elected members: Prof. John W.
Burgess, of Columbia College, and Prof. George P. Fisher, of
Yale University. The treasurer's report, which was audited
by Mr. John A. King and the Hon. John Jay, shows an in-
crease of $1,116.62 since the last report, and total assets, in-
cluding cash and investments, to the amouutof $4,584.94. The
Association has just completed the third volume of its pub-
lished proceedings, of which there is a stock Of handsomely
bound volumes and some unbound reports in the hands of
Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons, the New York publishers. This
property of books and plates is in addition to the above assets
of the Association.

The Regents of the Smithsonian Institution have passed the
following resolution :

Be^olved, That the American Historical Association be and hereby is per-
mitted to disposit its collectious, man ascripts, books, pampbletii, and other
material for history, in the Smithsonian Institution or in the National
Miisoum in accordance witli the provisions of the act of incorporation ; and
that the conditions of said deposit shall be determined by the secretary,
with the approyal of the executive committee.

RECENT HISTORICAL WORK IN THE COLLEGES AND UNIVER-
SITIES OF EUROPE AND AMERICA.

iQaagnral address of Preft!dent Charles Kendall Adams, LL. D. *

Daringthe last few years we bave beard much of tbe tendency
to give to all great and profound studies tbe bistorical form.
The contributions of Darwin to natural bistory ate, in a cer-
tain large sense, tbe result of a study of tbe bistory of nature
carried on in a scientific spirit. Studies in roacbinery, in pbi-
losopby, in politics, in electricity even, are everywhere inclining
to take on tbe same bistorical methods. In all branches of
study it is apparently coming more and more to be seen that
one's chances of discovering important new truth are quite
exactly in proportion to cue's knowledge of tbe truth that has
already been discovered. So far as I remember, it was tbe French
historian Thiers that first pointed out the significance of the
bistorical spirit of tbe nineteenth century as distinguished from
tbe speculative spirit of the eighteenth. This difference, in-
dicated nearly half a century ago, is now very generally recog-
nized and understood.

There is another fact, however, that is not less worthy of
attention. I refer to tbe extraordinary development of studies
in history in the colleges and universities of tbe world during tbe
last few years. This development has amounted to a veritable
revolution. Every American at all familiar with college life in
this country knows that great advances have here been made ;
but a very brief presentation will be enough to show, I think,
that even greater progress has been made in many oi the coun-
tries of tbe Old World.

*In the preparation of this address I have been placed ander obligations
by many persons for valnable information. I desire especially to express
my thanks to Prof. H. B. Adams, of Johns Hopkins University, Prof. Paal
Ft^^ricq, of the University of Li^ge, Prof. £. Levasseur, of Paris, Prof.
Willard Fiske, and Professor Villari, of Florence. ~C. K. A.

20 AMEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

On this sabjectf as on many others, we are perhaps in some
danger of confininfc our attention too closely to what is immedi-
ately about as. Our eyes are apt to rest with contentment on
our material growth and our general financial prosperity ; and
while indulging in this contemplative satisfaction, it is quite
possible that we shall fail to see the greater advances which, in
certain directions, are being made in the Old World. It would
probably be easy to show that notwithstanding all that spirit
of enterprise of which we are justly proud as a national charac-
teristic, there are many directions in which we have been far
outstripped by what we have been accustomed to regard as the
more sluggish peoples on the other side of the Atlantic. We
are proud of the recent growth of some of our cities, as well as
of some of our universities ; but who can compare the munici-
pal government of Berlin or Buda-Pest with that of New Yor|c
or Chicago, or the educational enterprise of Paris or Strasburg
or Zurich with that of the most vigorous of our own universi-
ties without a modest admission that, after all, we have vastly
more to learn from them than they have to learn from us f And
so perhaps it will be in regard to that branch of academic dis-
cipline which is of special interest to the American Historical
Association. Be that as it may, I have thought that on this
occasion it would not be inappropriate to call your attention to
the great advances that have recently been made in the teach-
ing of history in the colleges and universities of America and
Europe.

In this presentation I shall purposely avoid limiting my in-
quiries to any specific number of years. The scope of the sub-
ject and the brevity of the hour compel me to deal sparingly
with details and critical observations. My purpose will be
satisfied if I succeed in pointing out the most important char-
acteristics of this general advance. It will be convenient to
look first at the teaching of history in the United States, and
then at the teaching of history in Europe.

It was nearly two cehturies after the founding of Harvard
Oollege before the study of history in that institution had any
standing whatever. So far as we can judge from the meager
information afforded, it was customary during the whole of
that period to give an hour at 8 o'clock on Saturday morn-
ing to the hearing of compositions and declamations and to the
reciting of history, ancient and modern. This bare statement
is enough to show how impossible it was that the subject

BECENT HISTORICAL WORK — ^ADAMS. 21

should make any very considerable impreiBsion. It was not an-
til 1839 that the study of history in any American college was
first encouraged with the endowment of a special chair. To
that chair, the McLean professorship of ancient and modern
history at Harvanl, Jared Sparks was called. At Baltimore,
Professor Sparks had madetheacqnaintance of Marshall, Story,
John Qnincy Adams, and others, and was already known as a
successful studentand writerof Americanhistory. Mr. Sparks's
work at Harvard, though not epoch making or even very pro-
gresaive in its character, was an improvement on what had
been done before. In 1840 he published his edition of Smith's
lectures, and in the following year introduced the constitu-
tional history of England. Though in that same year (1841)
history and natural history were offered as elective studies,
yet when Sparks became president of the college, in 1849, he
attacked the elective system with so much vigor that no fur-
ther advances could be made. This distinguished historian
unquestionably gave an impulse to studies iu American history,
but he left the foundations and methods substantially as he
had found them. Very few lectures on general history seem
to have been given to relieve the aridity of Ty tier, Keitley, and
Schmidt, though some gain was experienced by the introduc-
tion of Sismondi and Smith. The small importance attached
to this general work is shown in the fact that from 1853 to 1857
the entire field of history was intrusted to the instruction of a
single tutor. Nor was there any very important change in
method till after the accession of President Eliot in 1869. Up
to 1870 Professor Torrey had for thirteen years done the entire
work ; but now it was a gain of great importance that ancient
history was tranferred to Professor Ourney and medisBval and
modern history to Prof. Henry Adams. This enlargement
of the force not only enabled the professors to give fuller and
better instruction, but, more important still, it made possible
the introduction of new and improved methods. The work of
Professor Adams was not distinguished by any innovating name ;
but tbe volume of essays on Anglo-Saxon law abundantly shows
that the spirit of original investigation, not altogether un-
worthy of a Oerman university, had at length taken root in
American soil. And it is gratifying to note that the work so
welt begun in 1870 by Professor Adams has since that date
been carried forward in a similar spirit. The historical staff
now consists of seven professors and teachers. The number of

22 AMERICAN HI8T0BICAL ASSOCIATION.

oonrses offered the past year was eigbteeo. There appears to
be no very clearly defined seminary work, thongh connected
with six of the conrses opportunities are offered for something
analogous to the methods of investigation that prevail in the
seminaries of Germany and the cours pratique of France. It
must be regarded as unfortunate that at Harvard, where so
much excellent work appears to be done, no provision as yet
has been made for the systematic publication of the results that
are achieved. But it is no small triumph in behalf of histori-
cal studies, that within a single administration instruction in
history has been brought at Harvard from its condition in 1869
to its condition at the present day.

Until within a very recent period the teaching of history at
Yale was not very different from that which prevailed iu the
early days at Harvard. President Stiles taught a very little
ecclesiastical history at the end of the last century, and Pro-
fessor Kingsley imitated his modest example at the beginning
of this. We find that iu 1822, when the first course of studies
was published, ancient history was taught in a way by means
of the ancient historians, and by means of Adam's <' Soman
Antiquities " as a text-book. Tytler's '* General History ^ was
taught during one term of the junior year, and the first vol-
ume of Kent's ^^ Commentaries " was this year introduced for
two terms to the senior class. This course appears to have had
little modification till the accession of President Woolsey in 1847.

Nor was the change during Woolsey's administration a very
radical one. The introduction of political philosophy, of polit-
ical science, and of international law was undoubtedly a very
considerable advance. But these were not wholly within the
domain of history. Graduates of Yale, not yet quite venerable,
remember with little satisfaction the course of history which
consisted chiefly of lessons learned verbatim et literatim ftom
the dry pages of Putz and Arnold. It was, as Prof. Herbert
B. Adams has said, in revolt against this juiceless and utterly
disheartening method of instruction, that Prof. Andrew D.
White determined to make such afresh and original departure
in 1857 at the University of Michigan.

To the theological students at Tale, Prof. George P. Fisher
began in 1861 to give scholarly instruction in Church his-
tory, and for many years Dr. Leonard Bacon lectured to
theological students on the history of the churches in Amer-
ica. But it was not until Prof. A. M. Wheeler entered upon
the duties of his chair iu 1808 that the entire energies of

RECENT HISTOEICAL WORK — ADAMS. 2^

one professor were required for the teachiDg of history, and
it was not until nine years later that Professor Wheeler waa
relieved of the American history. Even after Professor Dex-
ter began- his work the courses appear to have been very
largely confined to such text-books as Eliot's ^^ United States,"
Lodges "American Colonies,'' Johnston's "American Poli-
tics," and Von Hoist's " Constitutional History." Since 1887
Professor Dexter's work of instruction has been taken by
Prof. Oeorge 6. Adams. Besides a class in Boman history,
tanght by a tutor in Latin, eight courses of instruction of one,
two, or three hours a week during the year are given by Pro-
fessors Wheeler and Adams, and a two-year course on the con-
stitutional and financial history of the United States is given
by Professor Sumner. By Mr. Baynolds, an instructor, a
course in comparative constitutional history is also now given*
Two of these are for graduate students, and are conducted,
more or less rigorously, in a manner to teach methods of origi-
nal research.

At Columbia College nothing of importance was done till
the advent of Professor Lieber,'in 1857, as professor of history
and |K)litical science. And I know of nothing that more viv-
idly Shows the conception of what in those days a professor
was expected to do, than the formal requirements of the trus-
tees in regard to this professorship. By special vote of the
board, the following subjects were assigned to the newly
elected professor: modem history, political science, inter-
nationaljaw, civil law, and common law. It ought not, per-
haps, to be regarded as very singular that after Dr. Lieber
had staggered under this load from 1857 to 1865, President
Barnard should report to the trustees as ho did when he said :
"It is quite doubtftil whether modern history, in the proper
sense of the word, ought to occupy any considerable space in
the teaching of our colleges. The subject," continued he, " is
so vast, and practically so exhaustless, that the little which
can be tanght in the few hours of class instruction amounts to
but a small remove firom absolute ignorance." As the result
of this suggestion, a committee was appointed " to consider
the propriety of abolishing the professorship of history," and,
in accordance with their report, the duties of the professorship
were added to those of the professor of philosophy and Eng-
lish literature. Professor Lieber was transferred to the School
of Law. It was not until after ten years that this singularly

24 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

unhappy policy was abandoned. Bat in 1876 the call of Prof.
John W. Bnrgess from Amherst College was to open a new era.

The School of Political Science was opened in 1880, under a
plan of organization which gave assurance of good results;
and yet, if one may be permitted with some hesitation to
express such an opinion, it would seem that the productive
eCBcieucy of the school had been not a little hindered by the
amount of class-room work exacted of the professora and
students. It may well be doubted whether, during the two
years immediately before the candidate comes up for Ph. D.,
more than ten, or, at most, twelve, hours a week can profitably
be passed in the lecture-room. In spite of Euclid, it is some-
times true that a part is greater than the whole. The best of
historical instruction is such work of investigation as can be
carried on under judicious and inspiring guidance; but such
investigation can not be profitably made when the time and
energies of the students are exhausted in the lecture-room.
In this connection, moreover, it should not be forgotten that
the Columbia School of Political Science is essentially what its
name implies. During the three years of its course, the
amount of history that finds a place in the curriculum is not
very large.

It has been already stated that in 1857 Prof. Andrew
D. White carried to the University of Michigan an enthu-
siasm, born of a reactionary spirit against what may be called
the Piitz and Arnold methods that then prevailed at Tale.
Professor White also carried to his work the added enthu-
siasm of a student who had just returned from three years
of study iu the universities of France and Germany. This
beginning of new methods at Michigan was eleven years
before Professor Wheeler began his work at Yale, and thirteen
years before the appointment of Prof. Henry Adams at Har-
vard. And the inestimable service of Professor White dur-
ing his five years at Michigan was the fact that at that early
day, years before a similar impulse had been felt any where
else in the country, the study of history was lifted to the very
summit of prominence and influence among the studies of
the college course. !N'o one who was not on the spot can ad-
equately realize the glow of enthusiasm with which this reac-
tion was welcomed by the students of the university.

The work abandoned by Professor White, practically in
18G3 and formally in 1867, was carried on by myself, his

RECENT HISTORICAL WORK ADAMS. 25

8acc68Sory uutil 1885. Perhaps the most notable fact daring
that period was the introduction of the historical seminary
in 1869. Observation in tbe seminaries of Leipzig and Ber-
lin had convinced me that even advanced nnder-gradnates
could ase the methods of the German seminary with great
profit. My expectations were more than realized. At a
little later period, a working library of nearly three thousand
volumes was given by a friend of the department, and these
books were made constantly accessible to students in the
commodions seminary rooms of the new library building.
(Tnfortnnately there has been no pnblication fund by means
of which papers of value could be given to the public.
But the monographs of Professors Enight and Salmon,
published by tltis Association in its first volume, are evi-
dence of the quality of the work done. During the year
1888,-^89, the number of half-year courses given by Profess-
ors Hudson and McLaughlin was eleven, the equivalent of
five full-year courses of lectures and one half-year seminary
course.

Cornell University was opened for students in 1868. Pro-
fessor White, in coining from Michigan to the presidency,
no doubt brought all his old fire of enthusiasm for historical
teaching. But his interests now had to be divided and sub-
divided between the necessities of the various departments
of the new university. The teachiug of history, therefore,
had to be very largely done by Professor Russell. This was
continued till 1881, when Prof. Moses Ooit Tyler was called to
the first professorship of American liistory established in the
country. Prof. Herbert Tuttle, engaged at first for a part of
the year only, was in 1887 gven a full chair of the history
of political and municipal institutions and of international law.
In 1888 Mr. George L. Burr, having previously acted as in-
structor, was placed as assistant professor in charge of the
work in mediaeval and modern history. Instruction in ancient
history is given by Instructor Herbert B. Mills. During
1889-'90 eleven full-year courses are given, each extending
throughout the year, besides a course in palseography given for
one term by Professor Burr. Of these full-year courses, three
are seminaries, devoted to methods of original research.

Johns Hopkins University, devoted as it hiis been from the
first very largely to graduate work, lias offered unusual facili-
ties for advanced instruction. Studies in history early assumed

26 AMEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

prominence. The plan of dividing the libraiy into depart-
mental sections and transferring the sections to the several de-
partments, with some drawbacks, ofifered the unquestionable
advantage of bringing the students into immediate daily con-
tact with the great mass of literature with which -they would
have to deal. The graduate students of Johns Hopkins, there-
fore, are put into a kind of laboratory or workshop with all the
working tools of the university immediately about them. And
this may be said to be one of the two most prominent character-
istics of the place. The other is the admirably developed sys-
tem by means of w hich the world gets the benefit of whatever
good thing is done. The statf of instruction is not lai^ge, four
men doing both the graduate and undergraduate work. And
yet so completely are the resources of the university at the ser-
vice of the student, and so confident is the student that what-
ever good piece of work he may produce he will be able to
place before the world in a manner to attract the attention it
deserves, that the department of history, in spite of all rumored
pecuniary distresses, has steadily grown until during the pres-
ent year there are forty graduate students in history working
with a view to the doctor's degree.

I have thus passed rapidly over the advances of historical
studies in those American institutions of university grade
where the largest amount of work has been done. It would be
an act of great injustice not to say that in many of the other
colleges and universities of the land important advances hare
also been made. In several of them work of great excellence
is done. It is but just to say that the methods employed iQ the
great mass of these institutions are very different from those in
vogue twenty-five years ago. In several of them there are now
professors of history who received their training in the best
methods of the Old World. If the results of their instruction
are not all that could be desired, the fault is in the plan of or-
ganization rather than in the methods of instruction.

That this brief review gives evidence of very considerable
advancement can not be denied. We shall see, however, before
the end of our survey, that when we compare ourselves with
others, we have no occasion for historical vanity. But I can
not turn from this part of my subject without indicating my
judgment that the mostimportant need of advanced historical in-
struction in this country at the present time is in each great
edncatioual center such a publication fund as will enable the

' RECENT HISTOBICAL WORK — ^ADAMS. 27

uniTergity to give to the world in aoademio form the results of
thorough and advanced research. This is no doubt true in
other fields as well as in history. But the technical journals
afford an opportunity for the fruits of technical research, such
as are not afforded to the historical student The wisdom of
such provisions at Johns Hopkins University has shown itself
in growing measure with every advancing year. The proper
methods of study are already flourishing with us, and the fimits
of these labors, were the opportunity offered, would be forth-
eoming in measure to do credit to American scholarship.

Turning from America to Oreat Britain, we find in several
of the universities almost absolutely no recognition of histor-
ical studies. History is still practically excluded from all the
Scottish universities. At Aberdeen and St. Andrews it has
not the slightest notice, and even at Edinburgh there is only a
single course on constitutional history for students of law.

In England, however, great activity has recently come to be
shown at the two great universities at Oxford and Cambridge.
This activity is of surprisingly recent growth. With a view to
educating public officials and diplomatists, a regius professor-
ship was established at Cambridge by Gtoorge I. with something
of that scholastic liberality which was shown by the Oeorges
in giving the great collection of historical books to the univer-
sity library at 65ttingen. The regius professorship of history
at Cambridge, however, was practically a sinecure. Perhaps
the most distinguished occupant of the chair during the first
hundred years was the poet Gray. It was not till as late as
1869, when the position was taken by Prof. J. B. Seeley, that
it became really important and began to exert an influence.
But under the inspiration of this eminent writer and teacher,
history forced itself into formal recognition as a discipline
worthy of a place by the side of the classics and the mathemat-
ics.

After due consideration, a separate tripos was established
for modern history. As in the triposes of the classics and the
mathematics, three years are given to the course. In four of
the seventeen colleges preparation was at once made for giv-
ing special lectures to prepare students for the university
examinations. Such lectures are now given by Mr. Hammond
at Trinity, Mr. Oscar Browning, and Mr. Prothero at Kings,
Mr. Thornley at Trinity Hall, and Mr. Tanner at St. John's.

28 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

To an American stndent unaccustomed to English ways,
such a bare statement of facts conveys little impression. But
to understand the full significance of these lectureships, two
or three conditions must be borne in mind. The English col-
lege is scarcely more than a place of residence, each student
procuring such instruction as he may desire, and in any man-
ner he may choose. At the end of the necessary period the
examinations are conducted not by the collegers, but by the
university. The student, therefore, is practically at entire
liberty to pursue his studies in private. He may hear lectures
regularly, or he may prepare himself for the examinations with
the help of a private coach. What we understand as the work
of instruction, therefore, plays a far less prominent part in
the English universities than in our own. The work of exam-
inations plays a far greater part. The requirements for final
examinations are planned and carried out with a rigor that I
sappose is absolutely unknown in any other country.

The subjects on which the examinations for a degree are to
be held, though varied to meet the wants of individual classes
of students,are still somewhat limited inscope. ThefoUowingare
stated as the general requirements : English history, includ-
ing that of Scotland, Ireland, and the colonies and dependen-
cies ; certain indicated parts of ancient, medieval, and mod-
ern history ; the principles of political economy and the theory of
law; English constitutional law and English constitutional
history ; public international law, in connection with detailed
study of certain celebrated treaties; and, finally, a theisis
written on some one of ten proposed subjects.

During the three years, special efforts are made to accom-
plish two results. These are : first, to secure a knowledge of
a great body of accepted facts and truths ; and, secondly, by
earnest personal thought to acquire the habit of what may be
called an historical judgment as to the real significance of
facts and events. Toward those two ends all of the very
inspiring lectures of Professor Seeley seem to be dire^sted.
The lectures of the tutors appear also to have the same end in
view. Accordingly, the examination papers are invariably
directed very largely to the work of testing the thinking pow-
ers of the student. That the test is one of great severity may
be known by a single glance at one of the examination pai)ers.
The final trial continues for fivedays, six hours a day, three hours

RECENT UI8T0BICAL WORK — ADAM8. 29

in the forenoon and three iu the afternoon. There are thns
ten papers in ten successive half-days.*

The recent outcry in England against this system of exam-
inations (which is carried into other subjects as well as into
history) can hardly be considered as surprising. It may well
be questioned whether an examination of this kind, put at the
end of a three years' course of study, is not adapted on the one

* The followiag is iusortod as a spocimea of the examination papers set
before candidates for the degree of A. B. in the history tripos:

1. "It is a fact that some nion are free and others slaves; the slavery of
the latter is nseful and just" (Aristotle: "Politics," I., 15). "We hold
thistrnthas self-evident: that all men are Created equal" (Declaration
of Independence of the United States). What arguments can you bring to
support these two assertions f Show to what extent it is possible to
reconcile them.

2. Show briefly the necessity and the nature of the reforms instituted by
Jnstinian in his legislation.

3. The epoch of heroic kings is followed by the epoch of aristocracies
(Bfaine). Prove this statement from Roman history and from the history
of a nation of the west or north, showing the part played by these aristoc-
racies in the development of laws.

4. Gnizot considered feudalism a species of federal government; weigh the
argnmeuts in favor of this view, and compare feudalism with other ancient
and modern confederations.

5. Consider the causes of the universal growth of towns during the twelfth
century, and determine to what extent the revival of Roman institutions
can be seen therein.

6. According to the principles of Austin, what are the limits of rights of
subjects against their sovereign and of the sovereign against his subjects T
Discuss the application of these principles to the struggles of James I.
against Parliament.

7. Show that the following laws are not laws in the true sense of the
word : Lynch law, canonical law, the law of cricket, and the law of supply
and demand.

6. Show bow the penal code has been from time to time adapted to occa-
sion, and give examples borrowed from the history of the law of treason.

9. Show, with examples from history, what influence public opinion can
have on government in countries that hav6 neither democratic nor repre-
sentative institutions.

10. Distinguish, by the aid of ancient iind modern authors, between the
different methods that can be applied to the stndy of politics, and compare
their advantages.

11. What is the meaning of the terms "national will" and "national con*
science," as differing from the wishes and opinions of the citizens f Show
the importance of these terms in view of the development and rank of
states.

12. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the different modes of
electing executive power in democratic states.

30 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

hand to encourage, or at least to permit and condone, idleness
daring the ficst years of the coarse, and to break the health
and the spirit of the student at the end.

It is noteworthy, also, that the tripos makes no provisions for
what may be called original work. There is no seminary work
to be compared with that done in Oermany and France, even
if there is any that will compare favorably with the best in the
United States. Bat, on the other hand, it may faurly be
doubted whether there is anywhere else in the world a system
tbat secures so general a knowledge of what may be called the
great body of the accepted facts of history, and so discrimi-
nating a judgment concerning their bearing and their signift-
cauce. The mere list of standard authors, of which an his-
torical student of Cambridge or Oxford is ex]>ected to become
complete master, is vastly greater than the number required of
students either in America or in continental Europe.

At Oxford the methods are not essentially different from
those at Cambridge. The tripos in modern history was here
established in 1870, five years before that provided for on the
Gam. It has perhaps been even more soi^cessful. While at
Cambridge there is now but one professor and five lecturers, at
Oxford there are two professors and thirteen lecturers, and a pro*
gramme of courses that reminds one of the array offered at one
of the great universities in Germany. It is certain, however,
that the instruction is more elementary in character. There
are, moreover, no courses that as yet correspond in any very
exact way with the Oerman organizations for conducting
original research, and the training of men in the art of histori-
cal investigation. But, when all such deductions are made, it
can not be considered as less than remarkable that in the old
university of Oxford, where, before 1870, there was no organ-
ized course of history whatever, the study has met with such
favor that a staff of no less than fifteen professors and tutors
is required to give the necessary instruction.

The subject ought not to be dismissed without the remark
that within three or four years something akin to the Oerman
seminary has begun to secure a foothold. It is interesting also
to note that this movement was the result of the efforts of an
American student, the lamented Mr. Brearley, who went from
one of the German universities to complete his studies at Ox-
ford. But, as studies so conducted can not well be made sub-
sidiary to the examinations, it is doubtful whether any very

RECENT HiSTOEICAL WOBK — ^ADAMS. 31

considerable success is to be expected till the system of exam-
inatioDS is modified. It is chiefly for this reason that the ex-
periment is likely to confine itself very largely to the holders
of fellowships.

On turning to the continent of Earope one is embarrassed
with the yastness of the subject, aad the number of details
that present themselves for consideration. It must suffice to
give the briefest possible account of what is done in some of
the smaller nationalities, and then a slightly fuller survey of
recent advances in Germany and France.

At Leyden, Groningen, and Utrecht, the three state universi-
ties of Holland, the Uw requires that three branches of history
shall be taught, namely: general history, national history,
and ancient history, the latter including especially the history
and antiquities of the Jews, Greeks, and Romans. Although
Leyden and Grouingen have each two professors of history,
and Utrecht one, still the work is carried on at great disad-
vantage, and is only elementary in character. At Amsterdam,
which is not a state but a communal university, neither the
arrangement nor the work is much better.

The peculiar organization of the Dutch universities has
been unfavorable to historical progress. In these institutions
five degrees of the rank of the doctorate are given, each one
for a somewhat narrowly restricted course of study. These
are : doctor of philosophy^ doctor of classical literature, doctor
of Netherlandish literature, doctor of German philology, and
doctor of Semitic literature. In 1876 the universities unani-
mously asked for the establishment of the degree of doctor of
historical literature. The request was denied ; and this denial
has generally been regarded as fatal to the advancement, in
any large sense, of historical studies. In the state universi-
ties, therefore, history has a secondary place ; and there is said
to be no fit teaching, even for the training of teachers of history
in the secondary schools. To this general weakness there is
at Amsterdam one conspicuous exception. While here, as at
the other nniversities, very little is done in the faculty of let-
ters, in the &culty of theology a more generous course is pro-
vided for. Professor Moll has established what may, with
some propriety, be called an historical school. The work is
chiefly conducted as a seminary for the study of the ecclesiasti-
cal history of Holland. It is now undertaking to explore the
religious life of Holland, from the advent of Christianity to the

32 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

present day. Excellent work is done, and good historical
Bcholars have been trained. Unfortanately for the teaching
of history, however, the pupils trained in this school are,
for the most part, destined for the palpit instead of the teacher's
profession.

In Belgiam somewhat more has been accomplished. Thongh*
the state has given little enconragement to the work, the uni-
versities have been fortunate in having a number of professors
who, in spite of obstacles, were wise and zealous enough to
organize and achieve considerable success. The universities of
Belgium are four in number, two of them being state institu-
tions, and two founded and supported by^ private enterprise.
The state universities, those at Li^ge and Ghent, as well as the
private institutions of the same general grade at Brussels and
Lonvain, have excluded all advanced studies in history from
the courses leading to the doctorate. But, notwithstanding this
fact, much has been done by the enterprise of some of the proles-
sors. Professor Borguet, at Li^ge, was the pilot of this new
work, though he was not able to conduct it very far. It was
in 1852 that the normal school was detached from the univer-
sity, or at least was made distinct from it, and was given an
independent course, extending over three years. In the third
of these years, a cours pratiquej a kind of incipient seminary,
was established. But secondary sources of information appear
to have been the only ones much used. On the retirement of
Professor Borgnet, in 1872, Professor Kurth undertook, with
considerable success, to place the oours pratique on a footing
more nearly analogous to that of the German seminary ; and
this was done amid great discouragements in the faculty of let-
ters of the university itself. Professor Kurth had visited Leip-
zig, Berlin, and Bonn, in 1874, and had carefully observed
German seminary methods. The result was a most creditable
historical enterprise. In addition to his lectures, he organized
a seminary, which consisted properly of a two years' course,
involving a section of juniors and a section of seniors.- The
classes were small, but the work done appears to have been,
if not of the highest order of excellence, at least of entire
respectability as original investigation. Tha scope of the
work was confined chiefly to a study of the middle ages, in-
cluding the study of palaeography and the use of such manu-
scripts as existed in the university library.

But the importance of Professor Kurth's work showed

RECENT HISTOBICAIi WORK — ADAMS. 33

itself quite as much in its influeoce upon others as in the posi-
tive results his pupils achieved. In 1877-'78 Professor Van-
derkindere at Brussels organized a seminary on the German
plan, and in 1879 a similar course was offered by Professor
Philippson in the same university. This officer had already
* had important experience as professor at the university of
Bonn, and his work at Brussels appears to have shown a high
order of excellence from the very beginning. The first volume
of the fruits of these studies iu the seminaries of Vanderkindere
and Philippson bears the imprint of 1889.

In 1880 Prof. Paul Fr^d^ricq began his work at Li^ge,
where he remained till 1884, when his activities were trans-
ferred to Ghent. In both of these universities his seminaries
have been conducted quite in accordance with the best methods
of France and Germany. The Corpus Inquisitionis issued in
1889, a volumo of more than six hundred pages, royal octavo,
is the published fruit of the profound investigations of his
class in the history of the Inquisition in the Low Oountries.

It is unnecessary to go into detail in regard to history in the
Belgian universities, further than to say that in spite of all
governmental discouragements progress has steadily been made.
During the present year the seminaries for advanced historical
work in Belgium are no less than nine in number — one at Lou-
vain, two each at Brussels and Li^ge, and four at Ghent. In
closing what I have to say in regard to Belgium, I take the
liberty of quoting firom a letter recently received from Professor
Fr^d^ricq, in which, he says : << En dehors de PAllemagne et
de la France, il me semble incontestable que les nouvelles
m^thodes historiques out fait le plus de progr^s en Belgique."

It would probably be quite within bounds to say that no
other country in the civilized world has made such remarkable
advanceis in intellectual activity within the last twenty years
as those which have been made in Italy. The unification of
the state gave a great impulse to education in all its grades, as
to everything else in the way of national progress. Exactly
contemporaneous with the unification and the transfer of the
seat of government from Florence to Rome, was the estab-
lishment of the ^^Istituto degli Studi Superiori,'^ a kind of
higher university for the training of university professors,
analogous to the JScole normale sup4rieure of Paris. The emi-
nent historian Yillari was placed at the head of this new insti-
tute, and, taking graduates of the universities only as pupils,
' 8, Mis. 170 — ^

34 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCUTION.

it begau at once to make its power felt in the teaching of his-
tory, perhaps even morie than in any other way. Requisite
brevity will compel me to do nothing more than simply to point
oat a few of the different ways in which historical work in the
universities of Italy has recently been advanced.

(1) Through the very extensive new excavations and ex-
. plorations carried on in all parts of Italy, and conducted with

far greater care and with far more scientific knowledge than
ever before. This work has been inspired, and to a very large
extent even organized, by Comparetti, the founder and editor
of the new Italian journal devoted to epigraphy, himself prob-
ably the first of epigraphists, not even excepting Mommsen.
Lauciani at Rome and other explorers of kindred spirit at Pom-
peii and elsewhere are giving us ancient history in the light of
recent and important discoveries.

(2) The substitution in the universities of the modern scien-
tific for the old rhetorical methods of instruction. The changes
include the introduction of the German seminary,' in all but its
name. Candidates for degrees are now required to write and
defend not simply a thesis, but a memoir of ^cientifip impor-
tance, involving the results of investigations in original sources.
Among the professors who have done most to encourage work
of this kind may be mentioned Villari of the Institute at Flor
ence, De Leva of Padua, CipoUa of Turin, De Blasiis of Naples,
and Falletti of Palermo.

(3) The study of the history of the romance languages. This
work, carried on as it is in a truly scientific spirit, has already
thrown much light on some obscure and difficult questions in
the history of the middle ages. The first great inspirer of this
new activity was Professor Caix, who, one of the first great prod-
ucts of the Institute, died at *jLn early age, greatly lamented.
But the work has been carried on by others, among whom the
most conspicuous are perhaps Pio Bajna of the Institute,
Ascoli of Milan, Bonier of Turin, D'Ovidio of Naples, and Mo-
naci of Bo me.

(4) The study of Italian literary history. This branch of the
work is not indeed so new as the others, but it is carried on in
a new spirit and is achieving new results. The names most
worthy of mention are Graf of Turin, D'Ancona of Pisa, Zum-
biui of Naples, Garducci (the greatest of living Italian poets) at
Bologna, and Bartoli of the Institute, the author of the best
history of Italian literature.

BECENT HISTORICAL WORK — ^ADAHS. 35

(5) And, fiDaHy, the scientific stady of the laws and institn-
tion of the middle ages. Devoted especially to this great work
are : Bchopfer of Borne, Del Yecchio of the iDstitat-e, Del
Oindioe of Pavia, Brondileone of Paleribo, and Oaudenzi of
Bologna.

This great recent work in Italy ought not to be dismissed
withoat at least calling attention incidentally to the fact that
no other nation has sach immense archives, and that these are
now rapidly becoming accessible to all historical research.
Those of Venice and Florence have long been known to be ex-
traordinary; bat every province now seems to have its histori-
cal commission, and these are now i>oafing forth from the press
a flood of docaments of no small importance.

In taming from Italy to Oermany we come upon ground that
is more familiar to American scholars. But even at this great
resort of American aspiration and ambition we should be able,
if there were time, to discover many things that would be of
interest and of profit.

The modern scientific study of history everywhere has atap
root running down into philology. It was F. A. Wolf who, at
Halle, in the last century, established the philological seminary.
He is, I suppose, entitled to the credit of forming the concep-
tion of bringing his advanced pupils together for an informal
discussiDn of their work, in order that he might point out to
them, in the familiarity of friendly intercourse, the best meth-
ods of conducting philological research. To this new method
of instruction, the word seminar, or to use the Latin form, sem-
inariunij was given. It was the idea of Wolf that Banke
adopted, when in 1830 he ctiUed together a few of his most ad-
vanced pupils for the prosecution of historical instruction in
a similar spirit. Tothe teaching of history, the event was the be-
ginning of a new epoch. About the great master were gathered
such men as Sybel, Droysen, Haiisser, Giesebrecht, Dunoker,
Ad. Schmidt, Wattenbach, and others, all of whose names
have since become associated with works of the very first im-
portance. And from that day till more than fifty years later,
when the scepter fell from the dead hand of the great master,
(Germany could scarcely count a single historical teacher or
even scholar of importance that had not been at least one se-
mester under Banke. It would be interesting to trace and to at-
tempt to measure the influence and the power of this instruc-
tion on the development of the nation. How many thousands

36 AlCEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION*

of Oermans now ia places of official responsibility have had
their ideas shaped by the instruction thns provided !

Perhaps I may be pardoned for relating an incident that oc-
curred one day in the winder of 1868, at the close of an exer-
cise in Droysen's seminary. The master said to me, as we were
standing together on the steps of his honae : ^' Three of us, as
we left Banke's seminary, had been impressed with the idea
that public opinion was going all wrong on the subject of the
nature and the influence of the French Bevolntiou, and we de-
termined to do what we could to change that opinion and set
it right. The fruit of this purpose," continued he, ^^ has been
Hatisser's ' History of Germany from the Death of Frederick
the Great to the Oongress of Vienna,' SybePs ^Histmry of the
French Revolution,' and my own ^ History of Prusisian Poli-
tics.'" In connection with this striking saying of Droysen, it
is interesting to note tbat this fundamental idea which was
henceforth to permeate the instruction of these three great
teachers has continued to be dominant in the leading chairs
of historical instruction in Germany down to the present day.
The ideas of v. Treitschke are sufficiently well known from his
books. Those of Maurenbrecher were clearly enunciated in hin
inaugural address, in which he set forth the position that all
true development in politics and national life must be an out-
growth of the past, must be strictly historical in its essential
character; and consequently that revolution, which isa break*
ing ^way from the past, is unhistorical and never justifiable.*
This statement in its completeness, however large a grain of
truth it may have, seems about as defensible as would be the
assertion that surgery is a direct and abnormal interference
with the natural laws of physical development, and therefore is
never to be resorted to. But no one can deny that such in-
struction has exerted prodigious power on the development of
Germany and the formation of public opinion.

The seminary instituted by Banke was the parent of a
numerous progeny. Seminaries sprung up in all the universi-
tieSi but for a litUe more than twenty-five years they were left

* Maarenbreoher's words were : ''Nar aus dem Boden der Oesohicbte er-
wacbst die wahre Lebenskraft des Staatomannes. Nor diejenige Politik kann
eine gate genannt' werden, welcbe die historisobe Eatwickelnng einer bes-
timmten Nation fortasneetzen, an die historiBob erwacbaenen Elemente weiter
ansokntipfen siob eotfiobliewt. DerBrnobmit der gescbiobtlicben Tradi-
tion eines Volkes, das eben ist die Revolution ; Gates kann aus der Revolu-
tion niem»lserwaobseii."^Maarenbreober'9 '* Antrittsrede," 1864, S. ICi

RBCBNT HISTORICAL WORK — ^ADAMS. 37

to iodividaal sapport. It was to v. Sybd, at Manioh, that the
eoedit belonged of persnading the Bavarian government to
give to the seminary an independent subsidy. The* same
method of sapport wan transferred to Bonn by v. Sybel in 1861.
The next step was by v. Noord^n, who saocessively at Oreifs-
wald, Tubingen, Bonn, and Leipzig, showed snch remarkable
power as a teacher that he was able to induce the government
in 1877 to^set up the great seminary at Leipzig, and still fur-
ther to enlarge and endow it in 1880.

As a means of showing the methods of seminary work, a
few words in regard to the seminary rooms at Leipzig may not
be out of place. , They are five in number, grouped closely to-
gether, and filled with such books as are likely to be needed in
the investigations. One of the rooms is devoted to ancient
history, one to medisBval and modern history, one to a general
library, one to an office, and one to a general working room.
The rooms are all open from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. The govern-
ment subsidy and the special fees of students yield an annual
income for the library of about 1500. At the first meeting of
all the sections of the seminary last year, fifty-six students
were reported as pretont. . They received a preliminary lecture
on methods of work by Professor Maurenbrecher, who took as
his test the instructions of Niebuhr: <' Whatever you study ,^
follow* up your subject till no man on God's earth knows more
about it than you do."

It ought, perhaps, to be added, that the State seminaries
were severely attacked by Waitz in his remarkable address
at the fiflly years' jubilee in celebration of Banke's inaugu-
ration. He said it was time to be severe, for subsidized isemi-
naries tended to popularize the work, and he believed that
mediocrity should be excluded from training for historical
teachers. To which we are inclined to exclaim : Happy is that
country, and that condition of education, in which too many
are inclined to take instruction of the grade offered by the
German seminaries ! The system in its present form undoubt-
edly is not without its critics ; but, after all due allowances
are made, it would certainly not be too much to say, that at
the presMit day there is no thoroughly good teaching of his-
tory anywhere in the world that is not founded on that careful,
exact, and minute examination of sources which was originally
institute, and has ever since been encouraged, by the Ger-
man seminary system.

38 . iJUERICAN HI8T0BICAL ASSOCIATION.

It must suffice to add that in the Gtormau universities tbe
number of courses of historical lectures varies from ten to
twen^-five each semester, and that in each institution the num-
ber of seminaries varies, from three to seven. For the work of
preparation for a career as an historical teacher even in one of
the secondary schools, not less than three or four years of suc-
cessftil study in the university is requisite. As there is more
historical instructioq in the German gymnasium than in our
ordinary collegiate course, the training thus acquired at the
university is more than equivalent to three years of graduate
work in the Apierican sense of the term.

It has not been without purpose that the subject of recent
historical work in France has been reserved for the last of
what I fear has been a very tedious review. For it is in
France, as it seems to me^ tl^t greater progress has been
made recently in historical work than in any other nation. I
refer not simply to the number of courses given, though
in this regard the number offered annually at Paris is about'
twice the number offered at Berlin. I have in mind mthei
the organization and methods of instruction in the great
schools for the training of historical writers and teachers.
That they are superior to any thing now existing even in
(Germany, I think even a brief examination will be enough
to show.

The first of the Parisian schools entitled to ikiention is the
Hcole des Ohartres. In 1807 Napoleon dictated a note embody^
ing his idea of a national school of history. But the project
did not take form till 1821, and had but a feeble existence
before 1847. After that time, however, it assumed increas-
ing importance under the brilliant direction and service of
M. Jules Quicherat, who continued to give it the inspiration
of his ability till his death in 1882.

The purpose of the school was to train young scholars of
exceptional promise in the sources of French history, and in
the proper methods of using these sources. Epigraphy, paleog-
raphy, archsBology, the Bomance languages, bibliography,
the French archives, the classification of libraries, the history
of politiciEil institutions, the history of administrative, judicial,
civil, and canonical administration, these are the subjects to
which attention is especially devoted. The mere list is
enough to show that the object is not so much to teach his-
tory as to supplement the liistorical instruction that the stu-

RECENT HISTORICAL WORK — ^ADAMS.

dents may have elsewhere enjoyed. The object of the school
is not only to make known the nches of the French archives,
bnt also to give the greatest possible facility in the best meth-
ods of nsing them. Pnpils, to be admitted, mnst be at
least twenty-five years of age, mast have taken the bacca-
laureate degree, and must have already devoted themselves
for years to historical work. But twenty students a year
are admitted, the course extending over three years. By such
men^ as Quicherat, Himly, Paul Meyer, L^on Gautier, and
others, a very large number of the professors in the Collige de
France and in the other schools have received a most excellent
training. The testimony is uniform that the instruction in
the Hcole de9 Chartres is most thoroughly scientific and com-
plete. So far as I am aware, Germany possesses nothing anal-
ogous to it, unless an exception be made of the new school in
Austria, and that was avowedly modeled after the French pro-
totype and put under the direction of Theodore Sickel, a pupil
trained in the French school.

The second of the great Parisian schools to be mentioned is
the JSoole normals supSrieurs, This celebrated school was
founded as a kind of higher university for the special and
final training of university graduates desiring to become uni-
versity professors. Founded at the beginning of the century,
it was improved by Cousin in 1830, and still further by
Cousin's successors after the events of 1848. Under the guid-
ance of Bersot, and still later under that of Fustel de Coul-
anges, work of the first importance has been accomplished.
The quality of students may be inferred from the fact that
the applicants must all have taken the bachelor's degree, that
the number annually applying for admission is about two hun-
dred, from whom often not more than the best twenty-five are
selected. The maximum number in all the classes is one hun-
dred and thirty-five. These, like our students at West Pointy
are for the most part supported by the government and are held
to rigid requirements. Housed in dormitories, the students
are bound by rules which condescend to snch details as to re-
quire that no one shall leave the yard except '<at certain
hours on Sunday and Tuesday," and <'once a month till mid-
night." Half the students are trained in science, and half in
letters. Of the latter class a fair proportion are fitted to be-
come teachers and professors of history. During the third
year, students are permitted, under strict regulations, to

40 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

hear lectures in the ^oole des Chartres^ and in the ^oole
pratique still to be mentioned. After the second year, the
students are required, in addition to their regular work, to de-
vote themselves in the most serious manner to some work of
earnest investigation. Many of the fruits of these studies
have appeared from time to time in the pages of the Bevue
Hiatofique.

From what has been said, it will readily be inferred that the
competition for admission is such that it is easy to maintain a
high standard of scholarship. It is not too much to say that
the school is exerting a vast influence on the rising generation
of historical workers and teachers throughout France.

The third and last of the French schools entitled here to be
especially named is the JScole pratique des hautes JStudea. This
institution was the most important fruit of the schoWly activ-
ity of Victor Duruy, who in various ways did so much for his-
torical teaching in France. It was in 1868 that, as minister of
public instruction, he reported to the emperor that the lectures
at the Collige de France were given to a promiscuous crowd of
all classes and ages, as well as of both sexes ; that these lect-
ures made very little permanent impression, and that some-
thing should be done to teach such methods as those that had
been instituted by the great scholars of Germany. Perhaps
the most important merit of Duruy's scheme was that it was a
carefully devised plan to break up the notion that there could
be such a thing as historical education from the mere hearing
of lectures. It was the formal establishment in France of th^
library, or laboratory method of investigation, as applied to
history. But this intelligent minister did not go about his
work blindly. The ambassadors, ministers, and consuls were
directed by the French government to examine and report
upon the methods of other countries, especially upon those of
Germany. Some of the reports were of remarkable merit.
They revealed at once the necessities of the situation, and the
difficulties that would confront an effort to graft the new order
upon the old stock. Duruy had the very common experience
of finding at the university an imperturbable conservatism.
The old professors resisted his efforts at every point. He
found it impossible either to convince them or to move them.
Finally he determined to flank them, and this he did by estab-
lishing a new school, L* l^cole pratique des hautes tltudes. The
new school was founded by imperial decree, July 31, 1868, and

B£C£NT HISTORICAL WORK^-ADAMS. 41

his purpose was declared to be the bringing together not sim-
ply of auditors but of pupils — ileves. The librarian of the
Soibonne, M. L^on Bonier, was put in charge. Associated
with him were Waddington, an old student of Oxford, and
subsequently minister of public instruction; Michel Br^al,
who had drawn up an admirable report on the methods in
Germany ; and Alfred Maury, director of the national archives.
To the amazement of everybody, Duruy appointed young men,
for the most part unknown, in regard to Whose ability he had
extraordinary sagacity. One of the most noteworthy of these
was Gabriel Mouod, who at once instituted a seminary of the
most approved German thoroughness, and a little later founded
the Bevue Hhtoriqtie as an organ of expression of this new
historical school. During the first year they had* but six
pupils ; but so excellent were their methods, so energetic were
their labors, and so admirable were their fruits, that in 1889,
twenty-one years after the founding of the school, there have
come to be some thirty professors, giving in the most approved
and scientific manner scarcely less than a hundred different
courses, in which the students are required to carry on their
work by means of personal investigation. Of tlie admirable
character of the results accomplished by this group of young
French historical scholars, the most abundant evidence is fur-
nished by the pages of the Revue Historique.

But recent and special activity in historical work is not
confined to the new schools. It is manifest everywhere in pre-
ponderating influence. Of the thirty-eight professors in t^e
Faeuia dea Lettres at Paris, ten are professors of history, and
two are professors of geography. Under the Second Empire
the whole number was only three. A kindred impulse has also
been felt in the .provinces. The city of Paris has founded a
chair for the special study of the history of the French Eevo-
kition. A similar chair has been founded at Lyons. Bor-
deaux has established a chair for the study of ^he history of
southern France. In the J^oole libre dea Sciences politiques^
founded by M. Boutmy in 1872, much work in the history of
political institutions is also done. The French schools at
Athens and Home are doing much in archsBology. And so in
every quarter and at every point, France seems to be fully
alive to the fact that it is in the study of history that the
present needs of the nation are to be advantageously and
abundantly supplied.

42 AMEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

In the preseDce of sach achievements, American scholarship
finds far more encouragement for its modesty than for. its
pride.

Why may not a school, with some sach methods and purposes
as those established at Paris, be established in the United
States f Shall it be in Washington, or in New York, or at
Harvard, or at Yale, or ut Johns Hopkins, or at Cornell, or at
some other edncational center in the nation f

It is not exhilarating to oar patriotism to reflect that until
some such facilities are afforded on this side of the AtlantiC|
large numbers, not only of the brightest but also of the wisest
of our youth, will annually flock to the better opportunities
provided by the institutions of the Old World.

THE SPIRIT OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH/

By Jaioes Bchoulkr.

What, let OS ask, is history t And by what image may we
present to the mind 6f the student a proper conception of that
department of stady f Emerson, oar American Plato, pictures
as a vast sea the universal mind to which all other minds have
access. ^^ Of the works of this mind," he adds,>^ history is the
record." That idea is a leading one of this philosopher. Man
he considers the encyclopsedia, ^ the epitome of facts; the
thought, he observes, is always prior to the fact, and is
wrought out in human action.

Such a conception may suit the philosophic mind ; it may
commend itself to men of thought, as contrasted with men of
action. But it seems to me too vast if not too vague a definition
for an appropriate basis to historical investigation. No one
can project history upon such a plan, except man's Maker, the
Universal Mind itself. Thought itself may precede the fact,
but the two do not coincide nor form a perfect sequence. The
empire of thought differs greatly from that of personal action ;
we each live but one life, while we may propose a hundred.
The works of the mind involve all knowledge, all reasoning,
all experience. Nor can we with accuracy picture the human
mind as a tranquil sea tossing only in its own agitations, but
rather as an onward force working throifgh strong physical
barriers. History, in truth, is the record of human thought in
active motion, of thought which is wrought out into action, of
events in their real and reconled sequence. The individual
acts upon his external surroundings ; those surroundings react
upon him and upon his fellows. Men, tribes, nations, thus
acting, mold one another's career and are molded in return.

*Read before the American Historical AaaocAtKtwn, at WaaUiagton,
December 31, 1889.

44 . AMERICAN UISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

\
I

History leaves the whole boandless empire of anfettered
mental philosophy', of fictiou, of imagination. It deals with
facts ; it notes and narrates what has actaaliy transpired and
by whose agency ; and it draws where it may the moral. His-
tory, in short, Is the record of conseoative events— of oonsecn-
tive public events.

This broad truth shoald be kept in view, that the human
mind (under which term we comprise volition, and not the in-
tellectual process alone), that the individual character acts
upon the circumstances surrounding it, upon external nature,
upon external fellow-beings. These persons and things ex-
ternal notouly modify and influence one's attempted action, but
modify his thought and feeling; they react upon him, ifbrm
and influence his character, his destiny. This makes human
history, and it makes the forecast of that history forever
uncertain.

The picture, then, that we should prefer to present to the im-
agination is not of one vast universal mind, calmly germinat-
ing, fermenting, conceiving ; not of one mind at equilibrium,
having various inlets — but of a torrent in motion. They did
wisely and naturally who mapped out for us a stream of history
flowing onward, and widening and branching in its flow.
Downward and onward, this impetuous torrent of human life
obeys its own law of gravitation. It advances like a river,
with its feeders or its deltas; or like the march of an immense
army, now re-enforced, now dividing into columns, now re-
uniting,— but going forever on and never backward. Let us
reject, therefore, the idea of an a jvrion history and whatever con-
ception conjures up a human mind planning history in advance
and then executing it. Buckle was oppressed to death by the
burden of such an idea as that of reducing the whole history of
this world's civilization to a law of natural selection. There is
no rigid scientific development to the human race. The particle
of divine essence which is In man formulates, creates, compels
to its will, changes because of its desire for change; though,
after all, it bends to the laws of natural necessity. The man
of genius may invent; he may construct a wonderful motive
engine which propels by steam or electricity ; yet he may be
battered to pieces by this same machine, if ignorant or careless
of some latent physical cause. We speak, too, of prophecy;
but prophecy is vague. " Westward," says Bishop Berkeley,
<< the course of empire takes its way ; " and he looked through the

8PIBIT OP HISTORICAL RESEARCH — SCHOULER. 45

vista of a centary. Bat who, of all our statesmen aud philan-
thropists who flourished forty years ago — and wise and great,
indeed, were many of them — foretold with accuracy how aud
' through what agencies the problem of American slavery, which
they SQ earnestly discussed, would reach its historical solution t

To take, then, our simile of the onward torrent from distant
soarces, or the army advancing fron) afisir: Observe how ab-
sorbed was ancient history with the larger streams fed by hid-
den fountains ; how its'narrative w^is confined to the great lead-
^ ers of thousands and tens of thousands. But in modern history
each individual has his relative place ; and looking as through
a microscope we see an intricate network of rills from which the
full stream is supplied. In this consists the difiference between
ancient and modern life, aucient and modem, history. Sim-
plicity is the characteristic of the primitive age ; complexity is
that of our presei^t civilized and widely multiplied societyi
The ancient force was the force of the pre eminent leader — of
the king, the warrior-chief; but the modern force is that rather
of combined mankind— «f the majority. Individuals were for-
merly absorbed under the domination of a single controlling
will, but now thoy are blended or subdued by the co-operation
of wills, among which the greatest or the pre-eminent is hard
to discover. The course of history all the while is consecutive,
knowing no cessation. There is a present, a past, and a future ;
but the present soon becomes the past, the future takes its turn
as the present. And, after all, the onl^ clear law of history is
that of motion incessantly onward.

As students of history we seek next a subject and a point of
view. Look, then, upon this vast chart of the world's progress.
Retrace its course, if you will, and choose where you shall ex-
plore. Do not choose at random, but with this great universal
record to guide you as a chart ; as a chart capable, indeed, of
correction, but in the main correct enough to serve the navi-
gator. Having thus chosen, circumscribe your work ; confine
your exploration to a particular country, to a particular period,
say of twenty, thirty, or a hundred years ; let your scrutiny be
close, and discover what you may to render the great chart
fuller and more accurate than hitherto.. If universal history
be your subject, you will not go far beyond tracing the bold
headlands, while on the other hand, with a small compass of
work, you may contribute much information of genuine value
to your age. Dxplore from some starting point ; you can de-

46 ▲MERICAN HI8T0BICAL ASSOCIATION. '

scend apok it like a hawk. Yoa may reqaire some time to
study its vicinity, to look back and consider what brought
the stream to this point. Bat your main investigation will be
not by exploring to a sonrce, bat by following the stream in its
onward and downward current. In the present age one must
be ignorant of much if he would be proficient in something.

Our chart of history opens like an atlas ; it presents page
after page of equal size, but with a lessening area for the sake
of an inoreasi ng scale. One page exhibits a hemisphere, another
a continent, another a nation ; others, in turn, the state, the
county, the«municipal unit. From a world we may thus reduce
the focus, until we have mapped within the same spaces a town
or city, or even a single house ; from a pofiulation of millions we
may come down to a tribe, a family, or even (as in a biography ) to
a single individual, and we retrace the human course accordingly.
Or we may trace backwards, as the genealogist does, in an
order reverse to biography or general history. As we have
projected, so we work, we investigate. In such an atlas as I
am describing, how different appear both civil and physical
configurations at different epochs. Compare, for instance, a
map of the United States of our latest date with earlier ones in
succession from 1787. Not only in national names and bodn-
daries do they differ, not only in the obscure or erroneous de-
lineation of lakes and rivers in unexplored regions, but in that
dotting of towns and cities, that marking of county divisions,
which positively indicates the advance of a settled population
and settled State governments. Maps of different epochs like
these, where they exist, are part of a permanent historical
record.

Involved in the study of any civilization is the study of its
religion, of its literature, of its political and military move-
ments, of the appliances of science, of the changes and devel-
opment of trade, commerce, and industries. Each of these
influences may be traced apart, or their combined influence
may be shown upon the coarse of some great people. In this
present enlightened age, nations intersect one another more
and more in their interests, and you may feel the pulse of the
whole civilized world through the daily press. How different
the task of preparing such a history as the nineteenth century
requires, from that of ancient Athens, of China, of mediasval
Britain, of early America. But in all tasks unity and selec-
tion should be the aim, and above all circumscription. One

SPIRIT OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH — SCHOULER. 47

must measure out his work with exactness, make careful esti-
mates, and work the huge materials into place, besides using
his pencil with the dignity and grace of an artist. In a word,
he should be an architect. It is because of this union of the
ideal and practical that Michael Augelo \leserves the first
place among men distinguished in the fine arts. And for this
reason, too, we may well rank Gibbon as the foremost among
historians ; as greater, indeed, than Thucydides, Sallnst, or any
other of those classical writers who have so long been held up
for modern reverence. And this is because, with skill equally
or hearly as great as theirs, he conceived and wrought out a
task far more difficult. In historical narrative the greatest
triumph consists in tracing ont and delineating with color and
accuracy a variety of 'intricate influences which contribute to
the main result. And who has done this so well as the author
of the '^Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire," that greatest
of all historical themes, that most impressive and momentous
of all Iiuman events T See the hand of the master unfolding
the long train of emperors and potentates ; painting the re-
volt and irruption of distant nations, of remote tribes; gather-
ing upon his canvas the Greeks, the Scythians, the Arabs,
Mohammed and his followers, the fathers of the Christian
Church, the Goths and northern barbarians who were destined
to shape the civilization of modern Europe; leading his read-
ers with stately tread through the whole grand pathway down
which the highest type of a pagan civilization sank slowly into
the shades and dissolution of the dark ages. .1 will not deny
that Gibbon had faults as a histoi:ian ; that his stately pomp
might become wearisome, that he partook somewhat of the
French sensuousness and skepticism which surrounded him as
he labored. But of his profound scholarship and artistic skill
there can be no question. Contrast with a task like his the
simple narrative of some brief strife under a few heroes or a
single one— like the history of the Peloponnesian or Jugurthine
war, 6t like that of the Cortes invasion of Mexico which our
own Prescott has so admirably described — and see how im-
mense is the difference. Yet I would not be understood to dis-
parage these other writers with simpler subjects. They have
instructed and interested posterity and their own times ; their
{jftme is deservedly lasting; there is room in historical litera-
ture for them and for all. And our Anglo-Saxon appears to be.
of all historical explorers, the best adapted to portray the man-

48 AMERICAN HI8T0BI.CAL ASSOOIATljON.

ners and events of foreign nations and distant times. Thncyd-
ides and Xenophon wrot'O each of his own country alone ; and
so did Sallust, Livy, Tacitns. But Gibbon perfected himself
in a foreign literatare and tongue so as to write of other lands ;
and so, too, did our Prescott and Motley. .

Here let us observe how much easier it is to be graphic, to
interest and attract the reader, when one's story has simple
unity and relates to personal exploit. Biography, or the study
of individual leaders, is at the foundation of the narratives
which are most widely read and most popular ; in the Bible^
for instance, in Homer, in the wsirs of Alexander, Caesar, or
Napoleon. Biography excites interest becaui^e it develops,
as in the reader's own experience, the growth of a certain in-
dividual life to which all other lives bear but an incidental re-
lation; and for this reason^ too, biography is partial. The
modern temperament, however, leads us to investigate, besides,
the growth of the people who were ruled, the development of
their laws, manners, customs, and institutions. In either case
the interest that moves the reader is human. That military
and political course of a community with which history is chiefly
engrossed moves far dififerently, to be sure, under an absolute
monarch than in a democracy ; in the former case foibles and
caprice are those of a person, in the latter they are those
of a whole people. Yet we observe in all but the ruder ages
of mankind the refining influence upon rulers which is exerted
by philosophy, by religion, literature and the arts. Note this,
for example, under the reign of Solomon, of Pericles, of Alex-
ander, of Constantine ; and yet it is a lasting regret to posterity
that out of epochs like theirs so little is left on i-ecord concern-
ing the daily lives and habits of the people they governed.
That must be a rigid tyranny, indeed, whose government
has not recognized to some extent the strong though insen-
sible force of popular customs. Custom constantly crystallizes
into laws, which the legislature, the court, or the monarch
stamps with authority ; and thus are local institutions pruned
and trained like the grape-vine on a trellis. We find in the
most primitive society wills and the transmission of property
recognized ; buying and selliog; trade and commerce (whence
come revenue and personal prosperity) ; marriage and the se-
clusion, greater or less, of the family circle. How seldom has
the reader associated all these with the wealth of Solomon and
the Queen of Sbeba, with the vicissitudes of Crosus, the volap-

SPIRIT OF HISTORICAL RBSEABCH — 8CH0ULER. 49

taoas pleasares of Xerxes, Cleopatra, or the later Gsesars ; and
yet it is certain that unless the subjects of monarchs like these
had pursued their private business successfully^ amassed for-
tunes of their own, brought up families, and increased in num-
bers, the monarch could not have been arrayed with such lux<
ury; for royal revenues come from taxation, and the richest
kings and nobles take but a percentage from the general wealth.
The customs of one nation are borrowed by others ; Moses,
.Lycurgus, 3plon, among the great lawgivers^ framed codes
each for his own people after observing the institutions of other
and older countries, and considering how best to adapt them.
Gh)vemment has rightly been likened to a coat which is cut
dififerently to fit each figure, each nation ; and, more than this,
the garb itself may differ in pattern, since the object is to clothe
different communities appropriately to the tastes and habits
of each. We shall continue to regret, then, that the ancient
writers have left as so little real illustration concerning the
habits of these earlier peoples — bow they worked and sported,
and what was their intercourse and mode of life. Research in
archaeology may yet supply such information in a measure;
and of the institutions, the embodied customs, we have, fortu-
nately, some important remains. No contribution survives,
more valuable to this end, than the books of Boman jurispru-
detice which were compiled uader Justinian. Though one of
the lesser rulers of that once illustrious empire, he has left a
fame for modern times more conspicuous than that of Julius or
Augustus Gtesar ; and this is because he brought into permanent
and enduring form for the guidance and instruction of all suc-
ceeding ages the wisest laws, the best epitome of human experi-
ence, the broadest embodiment of customs, whi^h ever regu-
lated ancient society in the mutual dealings of man and man.

As for the progress of our modern society which emerges
from the mediaeval age succeeding the Boman collapse, its ad-
vance in knowledge and the arts, in the successive changes of
manners and pursuits, there is much yet to be gathered and
exposed to view for illustration ; though with respect to Eng-
land we owe much to Macaulay for setting an example of in-
vestigation upon that broader line which Niebuhr and others
of his school had initiated for Boman history. And Macaulay
achieved the additional triumph of making such investigation
attractive. Statutes and judicial reports (to quote Daniel
.Webster) are overflowing fountains of knowledge respecting
S. Mis. 170 i

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

the progress of Anglo-Saxon society, from fendalism down to
the full splendor of the commercial age. And from the modem
invention of printing, let us add, and particularly since the
growth and development of the modern press, we find (with all
the faults of fecundity and fallibility which are peculiar to
journalism) a picture of the world's daily life set forth which
far surpasses in its vivid and continuous delineation*any col-
lection of ancient records. Our modern newspaper may pander
for the sake of gain ; it may avow no higher aim in affairs than
to please a paying constituency ; and yet, for better or worse,
it wields and will continue to wield an immense power. The
reporter may be brazen -facfed, incliu^ed to scandalous gossip
and ribaldry; the news may be spread forth disjointed,
founded on false rumor, requiring correction; editorial com-
ments may be willfully partisan, or thundered from the Olym-
pus height of a safe circulation; but, even at its worst, so long
as it is duly curbed by the laws of libel so essential for the
citizen's protection, what with advertisements, business news,
the discussion of current topics, the description of passing
eventa and the transient impression made by them, our news-
paper holds the mirror up to modern society; while at its
best, journalism sits in her chariot, pencil in hand, like that
marble muse herself in our national capitol,over the timepiece
of the age. The newspaper's truest revelation is that uncon-
scious one of the passions and prejudice of the times, and of
that cast of popular thought under which events were born ;
it preserves imperishable the fashion prevailing, for posterity
to look upon with reverence or a smile. But in the present
age the journalist should beware how he presents his columns
to bear the double weight of universal advertiser and universal
purveyor of knowledge, lest he make a chaos of the whole. As
in the former centuries records were scanty, so in the century
to come they will be found superabundant, unless fire or deluge
diminish them. Pregnant facts, such as in the past we search
for in vain, lie buried under prevalent methods, in bnshel-heaps
of worthless assertion. To know the old era, you must search
with a lantern ; to know the new era, you must winnow.

Research is a fitting word to apply in historical studies; lor
by this word we import that one is not content to skim the
surface of past events, but prefers to probe, to investigate, to
turn the soil for himself. It is original exploration which
makes such studies attractive and stimulating, We walk the

SPIRIT OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH — SCHOULER. 51

streets of buried cities and roam through the deserted houses,
once instinct with life, piercing the lava crust of careless cen-
taries ; we place our hearts and minds, richer by accumulated
ezperiencct close to the passions and intellects of an earlier
age; and we listen to the heart beat of a race of mankind who
reached forward, as our own race is reaching and as all races
reach in turn, to catch the omens of a far off destiny. The
grand results and the grand lessons of human life are ours in
the retrospect, and in the retrospect alone. And while retrac-
ing thus the foot-prints of the past, we shall do well if we deduce
the right moral ; if we judge of human actions dispassionately
and as befits scholars of riper times and a broader revelation ;
if we keep under due constraint that laudable but dangerous
passion for new discovery, so as neither to revive buried
calumnies nor to weigh evidence with a perverted bias to
novelty. Let our judgment give full force to the presumption
that the long-settled opinion is the true one, and let our spirit
of research be imbued at all times with the fearless purpose to
know and to promulgate the truth.

THE ORIGIN OF THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ANP EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES/

By G. Brown Goods, Ph.D., LL.D., AsBistant Secretary of the Smithsonian
luBtitution, in charge of the U. S. National Musenm.

^^ Early in the seventeenth oentary," we are told, ^^ the great
Mr. Boyle, Bishop Wilkine, and 80veral other learned men^
proposed to leave England and establish a society for promot-
ing knowledge in the new Colony [of Gonuecticat], of which
Mr. Winthrop,t their intimate friend and associate, was ap-
pointed Governor.*^

<* Such menr,'' wrote the historian, '^ were too valuable to lose
trom Great Britain, andOharles the Second having taken them
nnder his protection in 1661, the society was there established,
and received the title of * The Royal Society of London.' "|

For more than a hundred years this society was for oar conn-
try ^hat it still is for the British colonies throughout the
world — a central and national scientific organization. All
Americans eminent in science were on its list of Fellows, among
them Gotten Mathep, the three Winthrops, Bowdoin, and Paul
Dudley in New England ; Franklin, Bitteuhouse, and Morgan
in Pennsylvania; Banister, Clayton, Mitchell, and Byrd in
Virginia, and Garden and Williamson in the Garolinas, while
in its ^^ Philosophical Transactions " were published the only
records of American research. §

* ReTiaed and corrected to Jaly 15, 1890.

t John Winthrop. F. R. S. [l(K)6-'76], elected Governor of Connecticnt in
1667.

I Eliot, John, Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Characters in New
England. Salem, 1809.

$ The first meetings of the body of men afterwards organized as the Royal
Society appear to have taken place daring the Revolution and in the time
of Cromwell, and as early as 1645, we are told by Wallace, weekly meetings
were held of ** diverse worthy persons inquisitive into natural philosophy
and other parts of human learning, and particularly of what has been
caUed the New Philosophy , or Experimental Philosophy,** and it is more than

54 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

It was not until long after the middle of the last century
that any scientific society was permanently established in
North America, although serious but fruitless efforts were
made in this diction as early as 1743, when Beiyamin Frank-
lin issued his circular entitled ^* A proposal for promoting use-
ful knowledge iamong the British plantations in America," in
which it was urged '^ that a society should be form.ed of virtuo9i
or ingenious men residing in the several colonies, to be^called
the American Philosophical Society."

There is still in existence, in the possession of the Philosoph-
ical Society in Philadelphia, a most interesting letter from
Franklin to Oovernor Oadwallader Golden of New York, in
which he tells of the steps which had already been taken for
the formation of a scienti^c society in Philadelphia^ and of
the means by which he hoped to make it of great importance
to the colonies.

Our forefathers were not yet prepared for the society, nor
for the <^ American Philosophical Miscellany " which Franklin
proposed to issue, either monthly or quarterly.^ There is no
reason to believe that the society ever did anything of impor-
tance. Franklin's own attention was soon directed exclusively
to his electrical researches, and his society languished and
died.

Some twenty years later, in 1766, a new organization was
attempted under the title of ^' The American Society held at
Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge.'' * Franklin,
although absent in England, was elected its President, and the
association entered upon a very promising career.

In the meantime the few surviving members of the first
^^ American Philosophical Society " formed, under the old name,
an organization which in many particulars was so unlike that

probable that this assembly of philosophers was identical with the *' Invisi-
ble College '' of which Boyle spoke ia sundry letters written in 1646 and
1647. These meetings continned to be held, sometimes at the Bnli-He&d
Tavern, in Cheapside, but more frequently at Gresham College, until 1660,
when the first record book of this society was opened. Among the first
entries is a reference to a design then entertained *^ of founding a College
for the promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning."
Dr. Wilkins was appointed chairman of the society, and shortly after, the
king, Charles II, having become a member, its regular meeting place was
appointed to be in Qresham College.

* This name was adopted in 1768 to replace that first adopted in 1766,
which was *' The American Society for Promoting and Propagating Useful
Knowledge, held in Philadelphia/'

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS ^OODfi. ' 56

proposed In 1743 that it might almost be regarded as new
rather than a revival. Its membership included many of the
most influential and wealthy colonists, and the spirited man-
ner in which it organized a plan for the observation of the
transit of Venus in 1769 gave it at once a respectable stand-
ing at home and abroad.

In 1769, after negotiations which occupied nearly a year, the
two societies were united* and '^ The American Philosophical
Society held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Ejiowledge,"
has from that time until now, maintained an honorable position
among the scientific organizations of the world.

The society at once began the publication of a volume of
memoirs, which appeared in 1771 under the name of ^^ The
American Philosophical Tran8actions.''t

From 1773 to 1779 its operations were often interrupted. In
the minutes of the meeting for December, 1774, appears the
following remarkable note in the handwriting of Dr. Benjamin
Bush, one of the secretaries, soon after to be one of the signers
of the Declaration of Independence:

The act of the British Parliament for shutting np the port of Boston, for
altering the charters and for the more impartial administration of Jastice
in the province of Massachnsetts Bay, together with a bill for establishing
popery and arbitrary power in Qaebec, having alarmed the whole of the
American. colony, the members of the American Philosophical Society par-

*Some insight into the scientific politics of the time may be gained by
reading the following extract from a letter addressed to Franklin by Dr.
Thomas Bond, June 7, 1769: ** I long meditated a revival of our American
Philosophical Society, and at length thought I saw my way clear in doing
it, but the old party leaven split as for a time. We are now united, and
with your presence may make a fignre ; but till that happy event I fear
much wiU not be done. The assembly have countenanced and encouraged
ns generously and kindly, and we are much obliged to you for your care in
procuring the telescope, which was used in the late observations of the
transit of Venus.''

tA copy of the finished volume of the Trausactions was presented to
each member of the Pennsylvania assembly, accompanied by an address
as follows: "As the various societies which have of late years been in-
atituted in Europe have confessedly contributed much to the more general
propagation of knowledge and useful arts, it is hoped it will give satisfac-
tion to the members of the honorable House to find that the Province which
they represent can boast of the first society and the first publication of a
volume of Transactions for the advancement of the useful knowledge of
this side of the Atlantic ; a volume which is wholly American in composi-
tion, printing, and paper, and which, we flatter ourselves, may not be
thought altogether unworthy of the attention of men of letters in the most
improved parts of the world.''

56 / AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

taking with their oonntrymen in the distress and labours brought upon their
country, were obliged to disoontinae their meetings for some months until
a mode of opposition to the said acts of Parliament was established, which
we hope may restore the former hannony and maintain a perpetual union
between Great Britain and the Americas.

This entry is especially interesting, because it emphasizes
t^ie fact that among the members of this infant scientific societ3''
were many of the men who were most active in the organiza-
tion of the Eepablic, and who, under the stress of the times,
abandoned the quiet pursuits of science, and devoted them-
selves to the national interests which were just coming into
being.

Franklin was president fjtom its organization until his death
in 1790. He was at the same time president of the Common*
wealth of Pennsylvania, and a member of the Constitutional
Convention, and the eminence of its leader probably secured
for the body greater prestige than would otherwise have been
attainable. The society, in fact, soon assumed national im-
portance, for, during the last decade of the century and for
many years after, Philadelphia was the metropolis of American
science and literature.

Directly after the Bevolution, a similar institution was estab-
lished in Boston,-— the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
which was incorporated by the legislature of Massachusetts
in 1780, and published its first memoirs in 1785. This, like the
Philadelphia society, owed its origin to the efforts of a great
statesman. We find the whole history in the memoirs of John
Adams, a man who believed, with Washington, that scientific
institutions are the best and most lasting protection of a popu-
lar government.

In a memorandum written in 1809, Mr. Adams gave his rec-
ollections of the circumstances which led to his deep and last-
ing interest in scientific foundations.

In traveling from Boston to Philadelphia, in 1774-^75-76-^77, I haci sey-
eral times amived myself at Nor walk, in Connecticat, with the very curi-
oas collection of birds and insects of American production made by Mr.
Arnold ; * a collection wliich he afterwards sold to Gk>vernor Tryon, who
sold it to Sir Ash ton Lever, in whose apartments in Loudon I afterwards
viewed it again. This collection was so singular a thing that it made a
deep impression upon me, and I could not but consider it a reproach to my
country, that so little was known, even to herself, of her natural history.

* Some local antiquary may make an interesting contribution to the
literature of Aiherican museum work by looking up the history of this
oollectiou.

SCIENTIFIC. INSTITUTIONS GOODE. 57

When I was io Europe, ia the years 1778-79 in the oommission to the King
of France, with Dr. Franklin and Mr. Af thnr Lee, I had opportunities to
see the King's collection and many others, whioli increased my wishes that
nature might he examined and studied in my own country, as it was in
others.

In France, among the Academicians and other men of science and letters,
I was frequently entertained, with inquiries concerning the Philosophical
Society of Philadelphia, and with eulogiums on the wisdom of that institu-
tion, and encomiums on some puhlications in their Transactions, These
conversations suggested to me the idea of such an estahlishment in Boston,
where I knew there was as much love of science, and as many gentlemen
who were capahle of pursuing it, as iu any other city of its size.

In 1779, 1 returned to Boston on the French fHgate La Sensible, with the
Chevalier de la Luzerne and M. Marbois.* The corporation of Harvard
College gave a public dinner in honor of the French ambassador and his
suite, and did me the honor of an invitation to dine with them. At table
in the Philosophy Chamber, I chanced to sit next to Dr. Cooper, t I enter-
tained him during the whole of the time we were together, with an account
of Arnold's collections, the collection I had seen in Europe, the compliments
I had heard in France upon the Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, and
concluded with proposing that the future legislature of Massachusetts should
institute an Academy of Arts and Sciences.

The doctor at lirst hesitated ; thought it would be difficult to find mem-
bers who would attend to it ; but the principal objection was, that it would
injure Harvard College by setting up a rival to it that might draw the atten-
tion and affections of the public in some degree from it. To this I answered, —
first, tbat there were certainly men of learning enough that might compose a
society sufficiently numerous ; and secondly, that instead of being a rival to
the university, i t would be an honor and an advantage to it. That the presi-
dent and principal profiBssors would, no doubt, be always members of it ;
and the meetings might be ordered, wholly or in part, at the college and

*Tbe Chevalier Anne C^ar de la Luzerne [1741-1821] was French min-
ister to the Unit-ed States from 1779 to 1783, afterwards minister to
England. M. Frau9oi8 de Barbd Marbois [1745-1837] was his secretary of
legation, and afterthereturnof his chief to Frauce, was oAar^^ d'o^atref until
1785. For many interesting facts, not elsewhere accessible, concerning the
career of these men in the United States, and their acquaintance with
Adams, see John Durand's admirable ''New Materials for a History of the
American Revolution." New York : Henry Holt &, Co., 1889. 12°, pp. i-vi,
1-310.

t Rev. Samuel Cooper, D. D. [1725-83], an eminent patriot, long pastor
of Brattle Street Chnrcb, in Boston, and a leading member of the corpora-
tion of Harvard. He was the first vice-president of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences.

The first president of the Academy was James Bowdoin, afterwards
governor of Massachusetts,. and the friend of Washington and Franklin,
and a member of the Royal Society. He held the presidency from 1780
until his death in 1790. His descendant, the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, was
chosen to deliver the oration at the centennial anniversary of the organ-
ization of the society.

58 AMEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

ia thfti voom. The doctor at length appeared better satisfied, aad I en-
treated him to propagate the idea and the plan as far and as soon as his dis-
cretion would justify. The doctor did aooprdingly. diffuse the project so
judiciously aud effectually that the first legislature under the new consti-
tution adopted and established it by law. Afterwards, when attending the
convention for forming the constitntion, I mentioned the subject to several
of the members, and when I was appointed by the sub-committee to make
a draught of a project of a constitution to be laid before the con vention« my
mind and heart was so full of this subject that I inserted the provision for
the encouragement of literature in chapter fifth, section second. I waa
somewhat apprehensive that criticism and objections would be made to the
section, and particularly that the ^* natural history " and the ** good humor ''
would be stricken out ; but the whole was received very kindly, and passed
the convention unanimously, without amendment. *

The two societies are still institatioils of national importance,
^ not only because of a time-honored record of nsefal work, bat
on accopnt of important general trnsts under their control.
Although all their meetings are held in the cities where they
were founded, their membership is not localized, and t<o be a
" Member of the American Philosophical Society ^ or a " Pel-
low of the American Academy," is an honor highly appreciated,
by every American scientific man.

The Philosophical Society (founded before the separation of

■■ II IM ^ I ■ ■ ^. M ■■■ I ■ M— ■■ I. I »^- - ■■■■■ M - ■■■■ ■ , ■■ ■ . I M^— ■ ^»^— ^^i^»^^—^— ^^^.^»^— ^^^

* The provision in the State constitution of which Mr. Adams speaks, was
the following :

*' The encouragement of literature, etc. Wisdom and knowledge, as well
as virtue, diffused generally amoug the body of the people, being necessary
for the preservation of their rights aiul liberties, and as these depend on
spreading the opportunities and advautages of education in the various parta
of the country, and amoug the different orders of the people, it shall be the
duty of legislators and magistrates in all future periods of the common-
wealth, to cherish the interests of literature and the sciences, and all semi-
naries of them, especially the university at Cambridge, public schools, and
grammar schools in the towns, to encourage private societies and public
institutions, rewards and immunities for the promotion of agriculture, arts,
sciences, commerce, trades, manufactures, aud a natural history of the coun-
try ; to countenance and inculcate the principles of humanity and general
benevolence, public aud private charity, industry and frugality, honesty
aud punctuality in their dealings, sincerity, good humor, and all social
affections and generous sentiments among the people.^'

" This feature of the coustitntiou of Massachusetts,'' writes Mr. Adams*s
biographer, 'Ms peculiar, and in one sense original with Mr. Adams. The
recognition of the obligation of a State t-o promote a higher and more ex-
tended policy than is embraced in the protection of the temporal interests
and political rights of the iudividual, however understood among eulight-
ened minds, had not at that time been formally made a part of the organic
law. Those clauses since inserted in other State constitutions, which, with
more or less of fullness, ackuow lodged the same principle, are all mani-
festly taken from this source."

SeiENTIPIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. 59

the odoQies) copied tbe Boyal Society of Great Britain in its
corporate name, as well as in that of its transactions, and in
its ideals and methods of^work took it for a model.

The American Academy, on the other hand, had its origin
^^at a time when Britain was regarded as an inv^eterate enemy,
and France as a generous patron,''* and its founders have
placed upon record the statement that it was their inteution
^* to give it the air of France rather than that of England, and
to follow the Boyal Academy rather than the Boyal Society.!
And so in Boston, the Academy published '' Memoirs," while
conservative Philadelphia continued to issue <' Philosophical
Transactious."

In time, however, the prejudice against the motherland be-,
came less Inteuse, and the Academy in Boston followed the
general tendency of American scientific workers, which has
always been more closely parallel with that of England than
that of continental Europe, contrasting strongly with the dis-
position of modern educational administrators to build after
German models.

It would have been strange indeed if the deep-seated sym-
pathy with France which our forefathers cherished had not
led to still other attempts to establish organizations after the
model of the French Academy of Sciences. The mosi am-
bitious of these was in connection with tbe ''Academy of Arts
and Sciences of the United States of America," whose central
seat was to have been in Bichmond, Ya., and whose plan was
brought to America in 1788, by the Ohevalier Quesnay de
Beaurepaire. This project, we are told, had been submitted to
the King of France and to the Boyal Academy of Science, and
had received an unqualified endorsement signed by mauy emi-
nent meu, among others by Lavoisier and Oondorcet, as well
as a similar paper from the Boyal Academy of Paintings and
Sculpture, signed by Yemet and others. A large sum was
subscribed by the wealthy planters of Yirginia and by the
citizens of Bichmond, a building was erected, and one professor.
Dr. Jean Bouelle, was appointed, wlio was also commissioned
*' mineralogist-in-cbief " and instructed to make natural history
collections in America and Europe.

The population of Yirginia, it proved, was far too scattered
and' rural to give any chance of success for a project which in

'Letter of MaDaaseb Cailer to Dr. Jonathan Stokes, Aiigast 17, 1785.
tCatler, 2 e.

60 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

its natnre was only practicable in a commercial and intellectual
metropolis, and the Academy died almost before it was born.

*^ Quesnay's scheme was not altogether chimerical," writes
H. B. Adams, '^ but in the year 1788 France was in no position,
vfinancial or social, to push her educational system in Virginia.
The year Quesnay's suggestive little tract was published was
the year before the French Revolution, in which political mael-
strom everything in France went down. • • ♦ if circum-
stances had favored it, the Academy of the United States of
America, established at Rich mond, would have become the centre
of higher education, not only for Virginia, but for the whole
South, and possibly for a large part of the North, if the Acad-
emy had been extended as proposed, to the cities of Baltimore,
Philadelphia, and New York. Supported by French capital,
to which in large measure we owe the success of our Bevcdu-
tionary War, strengthened by French prestige, by liberal sci-
entific and artistic associations with Paris, then the intellectual
capital of the world, the Academy at Richmond might have
become an educational stronghold, comparable in some degree
to the Jesuit influence in Canada, which has proved more last-
ing than French dominion, more impregnable than the fortress
of Quebec.'' *

, - ■■ - - — I. ■ .■ .- ■—--■- I- I—— 1,1 ■■■■■ .■^■■., .^. ■■ . ^^M^^— ^^i^»| ■ ■ .1 ■ ■! .1 ■

* Copiesof Qaeanay 'a pamphlet are preserved in ^he Virginia State Library
at Richmond, and in the Andrew D. White Historical Library of ComeU
University, as well as in a certain private library in Baltimore. A fnll
account of this enterprise may be found in Herbert B. Adams's ''Thomas
Jefferson and the University of Virginia," pp. 21-30, and other records
occur in Mordecai's ''Richmond in By-gone Days" (2d edition, pp. 198-
208), and in Goode's " Virginia Cousins," p. 57.

The building erected for the Academy of Sciences was the meeting-place
of the convention of patriots and statesmen who ratified in 1788 the Con-
stitution of the United States, and subsequently was the principal theater
of the city of Richmond.

"Theacademygrounds," writes R. A. Brock, " included the square bounded
by Broad and Marshal and Eleventh and Twelfth streeta, on the lower
portion of which stood the Monumental Churcli and the medical college.
The academy stood midway in the square fronting Broad Street. ' VAcade-
mie Des EiaU-Unia De VAmerique^ was an attempt, growing out of the
French alliance with the Uuiced States, to plant in Richmond a kind of
French academy of the arts and sciences, with branch academies in Balti-
more, Philadelphia, and New York. The institution was to be at onoe
national and international. It was to be affiliated with the royal societies
of London, Paris, Bruxelles, and other learned bodies in Europe. It was
to be composed of a president, vice-president, six counsellors, a treasurer-
general, a secretary, and a recorder, an agent for taking European sub-

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODB. '61

A scientific society was organized at Williams1)urg daring the
Bevolntion, bat in those trying times it failed for lack of atten-
tion on the part of its foanders.

Oar forefathers in colonial times had their national aniversi-
ties beyond the sea/ and all of the young colonists who were
able to do so, went toOxford or Cambridge for their classical
degrees, and to Ediaburgh and London for training in medi-
cine, for admission to the bar, or for clerical orders. Local col-
leges seemed as unnecessary as did local scientific societies.

Many attempts were made to establish local societies before

soriptionSy French profeMors, masters, artists-in-chief attaobed to the acad-
emy, twenty-five resident and one hundred and seyenty-five non-resident
associates, selected from the best talent of the old world and the new. The
academy proposed to publish yearly, from its own press in Paris,^ an alma-
nac. The academy was to show its zeal for science by communicating to
France and other European countries a knowledge of the natural products
of North America. The museums and cabinets of the old world were to be
enriched by the specimens of the flora and fauna of a country as yet undis-
oovered by men of science. The promoter of this brilliant scheme was the
Chevalier Alexander Maria Quesnay de Beaurepaire, grandson of the
famous French philosopher and economist, Dr. Quesnay, who was the
court physician of Louis XV. Chevalier Quesnay had served as a captain
in Virginiii, in 1777-78, in the war of the revolution. The idea of founding
the academy was suggested to him in 1778 by John Page, of 'Rosewell,'
then lientenant-governor of Virginia, and himself devoted to scientific
investigation. Quesnay succeeded in raising by bubsciiptiou the sum of
60,000 francs, the subscribers in Virginia embracing nearly one hundred
prominent names. The corner-stone of the building, which was of wood,
was laid with Masonic ceremonies July 8, 1786. Having founded and or-
ganized this academy under the most distinguished auspices, Quesnay
returned to Paris and succeeded in enlisting in support of his plan mauy
learned and distinguished men of France and England. The French revo-
lution, however, put an end to the scheme. The academy building was
early converted into a theater, which was destroyed by fire, but a new
theater was erected in the rear of the old. This new building was also
destroyed by fire on the night of December 26, 1811, when seventy-two
persons perished in the flames. The Monumental Cliurch commemorates
the disaster, and its portico covers the tomb and ashes of most of its
victims. A valuable sketch of Quesnay's enlightened projection, chiefly
drawn from his curious *Memoire concemant V Academic dea Sciences et Beatix
Ari9 des EiaU-Uni8,d*Ameriquet Etahlie a Biohmond,* wm published in The
Academy^ December, 1887, Vol. II, No. 9, pp. 403, 412, by Dr. Herbert B.
Adams, of Johns Hopkins University. A copy of Quesnay's rare * Memoire*
is in the Library of the State of Virginia. Quesnay complains bitterly that
all his letters relating to his service in the American army had been stolen
from a pigeon-hole in Governor Henry's desk, and his promotion thus pre-
vented."

62 AMEBICAN HI8T0BICAL A88QCIATION.

final resalts were aecomplishAd, and the beginnings of the na-
tional college system had a similar history.

In 1619 the Virginia Company of England made a grant of
ten thousand acres of land for '^ the foundation of a seminary
of learning for the English in Virginia,^ and in the same year
the bishops of England; at thesuggestion of the king, raised the
sum of £1,500 for the encouragement of Indian education in
connection with the same foundation. A beginning was made
toward the occupation of the land, and George Thorpe, a man
of high standing in England, came out to be superintendent of
the university, but he and three^undred and forty other colo-
nists (including all the tenants of the university) were de-
stroyed by the Indians in the massacre of 1622.

The story of this undertaking is told by Prof. H. B. Adams in
the ^^ History of the OoUege of William and Mary," in which
also is given an account of the Academia Virginiensia et Oxon-
iensisy which was to have been founded on an island on the Sus-
quehanna Biver, granted in 1624 for the founding and mainte-
nance of a university, but was suspended on account of the
death of its projector, and of King- James L, and the fall of the
Virginia Company.

Soon after, in 1636, came the foundation of Harvard, then
in 1660 William and Mary, Yale in 1701, the College of New
Jersey in 1746, the University of Pennsylvania in 1751, Colum-
bia in 1754, Brown in 1764, Dartmouth in 1769, the University
of Maryland in 1784, that of North Carolina in 1789-'95, that of
Vermont in 1791, and Bowdoin (the college of Maine) in 1794.

When Washington became President, one hundred years ago,
there were no scientific foundations within this Republic save
the American Academy in Boston ; and, in the American Phil-
osophical Society, Bartram'Sy Botanic Garden, the private ob-
servatory of Bittenhouse, ana Peale's Natural-History Museum,
Philadelphia.

Washington's own inclinations were all &vorable to the pro-
gress of science ; and Franklin, who would have been Vice-
President but for his age and weakness, Adams, the Yice-Pres-
ident, and Jefferson, Secretary of State, were all in thorough
sympathy with the desire of their chief to ^* promote as objects
of primary importance institutions for the general diffusion of
knowledge." All of them were fellows of the American Phil-
osophical Society, and the President took much interest in its
proceedings. The records of the society show that he nomi-

SCIENTIFIC IN8TITUTI0N&— QOODE. 63

nated for foreign membership the Earl of Baehan, presideat ci
the Soeiety of Soottish Antiquaries, and Dr. James Anderson.

Washington's mind was scientific in its tendencies, and his
letters to the English agriculturists (Young, Sinclair, and
Anderson), show him to have been a close student of physical
geography and climatology. He sent out with his own hand,
while President, a circular letter to the best informed farmers
in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Vir-
ginia, ana having received a consideral>le number of answers,
prepared a report on the resources of the Middle Atlantic
States, which was the first of the kind written in America, and
was a worthy beginning of the great library of agricultural
science which has since emanated from our Grovemment press.

In a letter to Arthur Young, dated December 5, 1791, he
manifested great interest in the Hessian fly, an insect making
frightful ravages in the wheat fields of the Middle States, and
so much dreaded in Great Britain that the importation of wheat
from America was prohibited.* It was very possibly by his
request that a committee of the Philosophical Society prepared
and printed an ela^borate and exhaustive report, and since its
chairman was Washington's Secretary of State, it was practi-
cally a governmental a£Eur, the precursor of subsequent en*
tomological commissions, and of our Department of Economic
Entomology.!

The interest of Washington in the founding of a national
university, as manifested in the provisions of his last will and
testament, are familiar to all, and I have been interested to
learn that his thoughts were earnestly fixed upon this great
project during ail the years of the Bevolutionary war. It is

* ■ ■ ■ ■ I . !■ - ■ ■ ■

* In ftn article recently published by Prof. C. V. Riley, he sustains the
popular belief and tradition that Cecidomya was introduced about the time
of the ReTolution, and probably by Hessian troops. He ^ives interesting
details eonceming the work of the committee of the American Philosophi-
cal Society, and a review of recent controversies upon this subject.— See Co*
nadian EnfamologUt, xx., p. 121.

t Before the Organization of the Department of Agriculture, another step
in eeonoibic entomology was taken by the General Government in the pub-
lication of an ofiScial document on silk-worms :

1828. I HXASB, Jambs. \ 20th Congress, | ISth Session | [Doc. No. 226] Ho.

a treatise on the rearing of silk- worms, | by Mr. De Hozze, of Munich, |

with plates, etc., etc. j | February 2, 1828.— Read and referred to the

Committee on Agriculture. | | Washington; | Printed by Gales aud Sea«

ton i 16S8. 1 6P« pp. 1-108*

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

an inspiring thought that, during the long and doubtfol strng-
gle for independence, the leader of the American arms was
looking forward to the return of peace^ in anticipation of an
opportunity to found in a central part of the rising empire an
iustitutioo for the completing of the education of youths from
all parts thereof, where they might at the same time be
enabled to free themselves in a proper degree from local pr^u-
dices and jealousies.

Samuel Blodget in his '< Economica," relate^ the history of
the beginning of ^ national university.

^^As the most minute circumstances are sometimes instmct-

ing for their relation to great events," he wrote, " we relate
the first we ever heard of a national university : It was in the
camp at Cambridge, ii^ October, 1775, when Ms^or William
Blodget went to the quarters of General Washington to com-
plain of the ruinous state of the colleges from the conduct of
the militia quartered therein. The writer of this being in com-
pany with his friend and relation, and hearing General Greene
join in lamenting the then ruinous state of the eldest seminary
in Massachu€tetts, observed, merely to console the company of
friends, that to make amends for these injuries, after our war,
he hoped we should erect a noble national university, at which
the youth of all the world might be proud to receive instruc-
tions. What was thus pleasantly said, Washington imme-
diately replied to, with that inimitably expressive and truly
interesting look, for which he was sometimes so remarkable :
^Tonng man, you are a prophet, inspired to speak what I am
conMent will one day be realized.' He then detailed to the
company his impressions, that all North America would one
day become united. He said that a Ooloif^l Byrd,* of Vir-
ginia, was the first man who had pointed out the best central
seat [for the capital city] near to the present spot, or about the
falls of the Potomac. General Washington further said that
a Mr. Evans t had expressed the same opinion with many other

• Probably the third William Byrd [1728-1777], the son of the author of
** Westover Papers." He was colonel of the Second Virginia regiment in
1756, and perhaps was in camp with Washington on the present site of the
capital, when he became so deeply impressed with the eligibility of the
site for a national city.

tPerhajM Lewis Evans, the geographer, who in 1749 published a map of
the central colonies, including Virginia. Professor Winsor tells me that
there are copies of this map in the possession of Harvard Uniyersity, in the
library of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, and one in the Faden col-

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS GOODE. 65

geBtiemeii, who, from a carsory view of a chart of North
America, received this natural and truly correct impression.
The look of General Washington, the energy of his mind, his
noble and irresistible eloquence, all conspired so far to impress
the writer with these subjects, that if ever he should unfor-
tunately become insane it will be from his anxiety for the fed-
eral city and national university." *

In another part of the same book Mr. Blodget describes a
conversation with Washington, which took place after the site
of the capital had been decided upon, in which the President
^* stated his opinion that there were four or live thousand in-
habitants in the city of Washington, and until Congress were
comfortably accommodated, it might be premature to com-
mence a seminary. * * * He did not wish to see the work
commenced until the city was prepared for it, but he added
that he hoped he had not omitted to take such measures as
would at all events secure the entire object in' time, even
if its merits should not draw forth from every quarter ther
aid it. would be proud to deserve," alluding, of course, to the
provisions in his own will. ^^ He then," continues Blodget,
^* talked again and again .on Mr. Turgot's and Dr. Price's cal-
culations of the effect of compound interest, at which, as he
was well versed in figures, he could acquit himself in a mas-
terly manner." t ♦

Concerning the fate of the Potomac Company, a portion of
whose stock was destined by W^^hington as a nucleus for the
endowment of a university, it is not necessary now to speak.
The value of the bequest was at the time placed at £5,000
sterling, and it was computed by Blodget, that had Con-
gress kept faith with Washington, as well as ^d the Legis-
lature of Virginia in regard to the endowment of Washington
College, his donation at compound interest would in twelve
years (1815) have grown to $50,000, and in twenty-four (1827)
years $100,000, an endowment sufficient to establish one of the
colleges in the proposed university.

Madison, when a member of the Constitutional Convention in
1787, probably acting in harmony with the wishes of Washing-

lection in the Library of CoDgreea. Prof. Josiah D. Whitney says that the
legend on it, "All great storms begin to leeward/' is, so far as he knows,
the first expression of that -scientific opinion.

* " Economioa," p. 22.

t Jb., App., p. ix.

S, Mis. 170 6

66 AMERICAN HISTOBICAL AS80CIATIOK.

ton, proposed as among the powers proper to be added to'tiiose
of the General Legislatare, the following :

^^ To establish a npiversity.

^^ To encoarage, by premiams and provisions, the advance-
ment of useful knowledge, and the discussion of science."*

That he never lost his interest in the university idea is shown
by his vigorous appeal while President, in his message of De-
cember, 1810, in which he urged the importance of an institu-
tion at the capital which would ^^ contribute not less to
strengthen the fonildations than to adorn the structure of our
system of government."

Quite in accord with the spirit of Madison's message was a
letter in the Pennsylvania Gazette of 1788, f in which it was
argued that the new form of government proposed by the
framers of the Oonstitution could not succeed in a republic,
unless the people were prepared for it by an education adapted
to the new and peculiarsituation of the country, the most essen-
tial instrument for which should be a federal university. Indeed,
the tone of this article, to which my attention has recently been
directed by President Welling, was so harmonious with that of
the previous and subsequent utterances of Madison as to sug-
gest the idea that he, at that time a resident of Philadelphia,
may have been its author. It is more probable, however, that
the writer was Benjamin Bush, who in 1787 issued an *' Ad-
dress to the People of the United States," j: which began with
the remark that there is nothing more common than to con-
found the terms of American Bevolution with those of the late
American war.

^' The American war is over," he said, <' but this is far from
being the caise with the American Bevolution. On the con-
txary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed.
It remains yet to establish and perfect our new forms of gov-
ernment ; and to prepare the principles, morals, and manners
of our citizens for these forms of government after they are es-
tablished and brought to perfection."!

* " Madison Papers," i., pp. 354 and 577. ^

J t See Appendix A.

X See Appendix B.

$ The " Society of Sons of the American Revelation/' recently organised,
and composed of descendants of Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, has
for one of its objects ** to carry oat Washington's injunction 'to promote
as objects of primary importance institutions for the diffusion of knowl-
edge,' and thus to create an enlightened public opinion."

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — QOODE. 67

And then he went on to propose a plan for a national nni-
versitj, of the broadest scope, with post-graduate scholarships,
a corps of traveling correspondents, or fellows, in connection
with the consular service, and an educated civil service, organ-
ized in connection with the university work.

In ^'Economica," the work just quoted, printed in 1806, the
first work on political economy written in America, Blodget
referred to the national university project as an accepted idea,
held in temporary abeyance by legislative delays.

Blodget urged upon Congress various projects which he
thought to be of national importance, and among the first of
these was '' To erect, or at least to point out, the place for the
statue of 1783, and either to direct or permit the colleges of
the university formed by Washington to commence around
this statue after the manner of the Timoleonton of Syracuse.*

In intimate connection with his plan for a university was
that of Washington for a military academy at West Point,
fle had found during the Bevolution a great want of engineers,
and this want caused Congress to accept the services of num-
erous French engineers to aid our country in its struggle for
independence.

At the close of the Revolution Washington lost no time iu
commending to Virginia the improvement of the Potomac and
James Bivers, tlie junction by canal of Ohesapeake Bay and
Albemarle Sound of North Carolina. He soon after proceeded
to New York to see the plans of General Schuyler to unite the
Mohawk with the waters of Lake Ontario, and to Massachu-
setts to see the plans of the Merrimac Navigation Company.

It was the want of educated engineers for work of this kind
that induced Generals Washington, Lee, and Huntington, and
Colonel Pickering, iu the j'ear 1783, to select West Point as a
suitable site for a military academy, and at that place such an
institution was essayed, under the law of Congress, iu 1794.

* 1806 Blodget, Samuel, Jr. Eoonomica : | A. Statistical Maonal | for the |

United States of America. | = | The leKislature ought to make

the people happy I Aristotle on government I = I ''Felix qui

The certificate of copyright is in this form :

''Be it remembered that Samuel Blodget Jr. hath deposited in this

office the title of a book the right whereof he claims as anthor, but for the
benefit in trust for the free education fund of the university founded by
Qeorge Washington in his last will,'' etc..

68 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Bat from the destruction of the building, and its contained
books and apparatus by fire, the academy was suspended until
the year 1801, when Mr. Jefferson renewed the action of the
law, and in the following year, 1802, a United States Oorps of
Engineers and Military Academy was organized by law and
established at West Point, with General Jonathan Williams,
the nephew of Franklin, and one of the vice-presidents of the
Philosophical Society, at its head, and the United States Mili-
tary Philosophical Society was established with the whole En-
gineer i.orps of the Army for a nucleus.

This society had for its object '^ the collecting and dissemi-
nating 6f military science." Its membership during the ten
years of its existence included most of the leading men in the
country, ciTiliaus as well as ofGicers in the Army and Navy.
Meetings were held in New York and Washington, as well as
in West Point, and it seems to have been the first national
scientific society.*

The Patent Office also began under Washington, the first
American patent system having been founded by act of Con-
gress, April 10, 1790.

On the 8th of January, 1790, President Washington entered
the Senate chamber, where both Houses of Oongress were
assembled, and addressed them upon the state of the new
nation. In the speech of a few minutes, which thus constituted
the first annual message to Congress, about a third of the space
was given to the promotion of intellectual objects — science,
literature, and arts. The following expression may perhaps
be regarded as the practical origination of our patent system :

I can not forbear intimating to you the expediency of giving effectaal
encouragement, as well to the introduction of new and useful inventions
from abroad, as to the exertions of skill and genius in producing them at
home.

This, of course was in direct pursuance of the constitutional
enactment, bethought and inserted toward the closing days of

*At least three fascicles of '^Extracts from the Minutes of the United
States Military Society " were printed — one for the stated meeting, Oct. 6,
1806 [4^, 14 pp.] ; one for an occasional meeting at Washington, Jan. 30,
1808 [4^, pp. 1-23 (1)] ; and one for an occasional meeting at New York,
Dec. 28, 1809 [4^, pp. 1-22]. The MS. Records, in four volumes, are said
to be 1^ the possession of the New York Historical Society.

I am indebted to Col. John M. Wilson, U. S. Army, Superintendent of
the Military Academy, and to General J. C. Kelton, U. S. Army, forconrteoii«
und valuable replies to my letters of inquiry.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS QOODE. 69

th« convention in September, 1787, empowering Oongress with
such authority. Each House, the Senaf^ on the 11th and the
Representatives on the 12th, sent a cordial response to the
President's address, reciting the particulars of his discourse,
and promising, especially to his suggestions for encouragement
of science and arts, " such early attention as their respective
importance requires ; " and the lower House proceeded rapidly
with the work. January 15 it was resolved that the various
measures indicated by the President should be referred to
select committees respectively ; and on the 25th such a com-
mitee was formed to consider the encouragement of the ^' use-
ful arts." It consisted of Edamus Burke, of South Oarolina,
a justice of the supreme court of that State, and native of
Ireland; Benjamin Huntington, of Gonnecticut ; and Lambert
Cadwalader, of New Jersey. On the 16th of February, Mr.
Burke reported his bill, which passed to its second reading the
following day. It was copiously discussed and amended in
Committee of the Whole, particularly March 4th, when " the
clause which gives a party a right to appeal to a jury from
a decision of referees, it was moved should be struck out."
After a good deal of pointed and profitable remark as to the
true sphere and function of juries, the motion for striking out
was carried. ^

The next day, March 5th, the bill was ordered to be en-
grossed^ and on the lOtb, after third reading, it passed, and*
was carried to the Senate. * Here, in a few days, it was referred
to a committee of which Oharles Garroll, of Maryland, was
chairman, and reported back the 29th of March, where it
passed, with twelve amendments, on the 30th. On the 8th of
April it went forward with the signatures of Speaker and Vice-
President to the President, who approved it April 10, 1790.»
The first patent was granted on the 31st of the following July
to Samuel Hopkins, of Vermont, for making '' pot and pearl
ashes; " and two more during that year.t

Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State at this period, under
which Department especially the patent system grew up for
more than half its first century, took so keen an interest in its
aim and workings, and gave such searching personal attention
to the issue of the several patents, that he has been quite nat-

* '< Statutes at Large/' vol. i., pp. 109-112.

t Among the treasares of tbe National Maseam is a patent dated 1796,
signed by Washington ati President and Pickering as Secretary of State.

70 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

mrally reputed as tbe father of oar Patent Office, and it seeips
to have been supposed that the bill itself ereatipg it proceeded
from his own suggestion. But by a comparison of dates this
appears hardly possible. . Jefferson returned from Europe to
Norfolk and Monticello toward the end of 1789, his mind deeply
occupied with the stirring movements of revolution abroad.
During the winter months he was debating whether ho should
accept the charge of the State Department offered him by
Washington ; making his way by slow stages from Virginia to
New York ; receiving innumerable ovations ; paying his last
visit to the dying Franklin, and he only reached the seat of
Government March 21, when the legislative work on' this act
was practically finished. More than to any other individual
probably the American patent system looks for its origin to
the Father of the Country.*

Jefferson took great pride in it, and gave personal considera-
tion to every application that was made for patents during the
years between 1790 and 1793, while the power of revision and
rejection granted by that act remained in force. It is a matter
of tradition, handed down to us from generation to generation,
that, when an application for a patent was made, he would
summon Mr. Henry Knox, of Massachusetts, who was Secre-
tary of War, and Mr. Edmund Bandolph, of Virginia, who
was Attornoy-Oeneral, these officials being designated by the
act, with the Secretary of State, a tribunal to examine and
grant patents; and that these thrpe distinguished officials
would examine the application critically, scrutii^iziog each
point of the specification and claims carefully and vigorously*
The result of this examination was that, during the first year,
a majority of the applications Mled to pass the ordeal, and
only three patents were granted. Every step in the issuing of
a patent was taken with great care and caution, Mr. Jefferson
thinking always to impress upon the minds of his officers and
the public that it was a matter of no ordinary importance.

The subsequent history of the office is very interesting,
especially since it contains a record of Mr. Jefferson's vigorous
opposition to the change effected by the act of 1793, which he
held, by a promiscuous granting of exclusive privileges, would
lead to the creation of monopoly in the arts and industries, and

*Tlie foregoing paragraplm concerning the history of the Patent Office
were kindly supplied by Mr. Lid ward Farqahar, for many years its assistant
librarian.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. 71

was against tbe theory of a popular goTenunent, and woald be
pemioioas in its effects.

In 1812 a building was pat ap for the accommodation of the
office, but this was destroyed in 1836, and with it most of the
i^ecords which would be necessary for a proper understanding
of the early history of American invention.

In the Patent Office building, and with it destroyed, there
was gathered a collection of models, which'was sometimes by
courtesy called the ^^ American Museum of Art," and which
forded a precedent for the larger collection of models and
natural products, which remained under the custody of the
Commissioner of Patents until 1858, when it was transferred
to the Smithsonian Institution, and became a part of the pres-
ent National Museum.

In 1836 the patent system was reorganized, and most of the
methods at present in use were put in operation. As it now
stands, it is one of the most perfect and effective in the world,
and the Patent Office, judged by the character of the work it
performs, "al though, perhaps, not strictly to be classed among
the scientific institutions, is, nevertheless, entitled to such a
phice by reason of its large- and admirable corps of trained
scientifie experts serving on the staff of examijiers.*

The administration of John Adams, beginning in 1797, was
short and turbulent. Political strife prevented him from
making any impression upon our scientific history ; but it re-
quires no research to discern the attitude of the man who
founded the American Academy, and who drew up the articles
for the encouragement of literature and science in the Consti-
tution of Massachusetts.

Jefferson, as Vice-President, taking little part in the affairs
of the Administration, was at liberty to cultivate the sciences.
When he came to Philadelphia to be inaugurated Yice-Presi'^
dent, he brought with him a collection of the fossilized bones
of some large quadruped, and the manuscript of a memoir
upon them, which he read before the American Philosophical
Society, of which he had been elected president the preceding
year.

* See Official Gazette, U. S. Patent Office, vol. xii., No. 15, Tuesday, Oct.
9, 1877 ; also articles in Appleton's and Johnson's Cyclopoedias.

The history of tbe Patent Office has never been writteu ; a full acconnt of
its work, and of its inflnence upon the progress of American invention is
greatly to be desired.

72 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. «

'^The spectacle of an Am^ricaD statesman, comiDg to take
part as a central figure in the greatest political ceremony of
oar conntry, and bringing witb him an original contribntion
to Bcience, is certainly," as Lather has said,.^^ one we shall not
soon see repeated." *

In 1801 began the administration most memorable in the
history of American science. The President of the iTnited
States was, during the eight years of his office, president of
the American Philosophical Society as well, and was k; toach
with all the intellectual activities of the i>eriod. He wrote to
a correspondent : " Nature intended me for the tranquil pur-
suits of science by rendering them my supreme delight," and
to another he said : ^^ Your first letter gives me information in
the line of natural history, and the second promises political
news ; the first is my passion, the last is my duty, and there-
fore both desirable."

** At times of the fiercest party conflict," says Luther, <^ when
less happily constituted minds would scarcely have /beetbable
to attend to the routine duties of life, we find him yielding to
that subtle native force which all through life was constantly
drawing him away from politics to science."

Thus during these exciting weeks in February, 1801, when
Congress was vainly trying to untangle the difficulties arising
from the tie vote between Jefferson and Burr, when every poli-
tician at the capital was busy with schemes and counter-
schemes, this man, whose political fate was balanced on a
ra2X>r's edge, was corresponding with Dr. Wistar in regard to
some bones of the mammoth which he had just procured from
Shawangunk in New York. Again, in 1808, when the excite-
ment over the ^' Embargo" was highest, and when every day
brought. fresh denunciations of him and his policy, he was
carrying on his geological studies in the White House itself.
Under his direction upward of three hundred specimens of
fossil bones had been brought from the famous Big Bone Lick
and spread in one of the large unfinished rooms of the Presi-
dential mansion. Dr. Wistar was asked to come to Philadel-
phia and select such as were needed to complete the collection

* See Jefferson, '* A Memoir on the Discovery of Certain Bones of a Quad-
ruped, of the Clawed Kind, in the Western Part of Virginia," in the Ameri-
can Philosophical Transactions, IV., p. 246, (March 10, 1797); also F. B.
Luther, *^ Jefferson as a Naturalist,'' in the Magazine of American History,
March, 1885, pp. 379-390.

^ SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. 78

of the Philosophical Society* Th'o exploration of the lick was
made at the private expense • of Jeffereon throngh the agency
of General William Olarke, the Western explorer, and this may
fairly be regarded as the beginning of American goYernn«ital
work in paleontology.

His scientific tendencies led to mnch criticism, of which the
well-known lines by William GuUen Bryant, in *^The Embargo,"
afford a very mil!d example.*^ He cast all calumny aside with
the remark *<that he who had nothing to conceal from the
press hafl nothing to fear from it," and calmly went on his way.
The senior members of his Cabinet were James Madison, a
man of the most enlightened sympathy with science, and
Gallatin, one of the earliest American philologists ; white one
*of his strongest supporters in Congress was Samuel Latham
Mitchill, a mighty promoter of scientific interests in his native
State, whom Adams wittily describes as << chemist, botanist,
naturalist, physici^n, and politician, who supported the Repub-
lican party because Jefferson was its leader, and Jefferson be-
cause he was. a philosopher."

During this administration the project for a great national
institution of learning was revived by Joel Barlow, tn 1800,
when Barlow was the American Minister in Paris, he said in a
letter to Senator Baldwin :

.1 have been. writing a long letter to Jefferson on qnite another snbjeot.
It is aboat learned societies, nniversities, public instmction, and the ad*
▼antages yon and I have of doing something great and good if you will
take it up on proper principles* If you will put me at the head of the in*
Btitution, as I propose, and give it that support which yon ought to do»
you can't imagine what a garden it would make of the United States. I
have a great project, and only want the time and means to carry it into
effect, t ^

M. Dnpont de Nemours was also corresponding with Jeffer-
son upon the same subject, and his work, '^ Sur I'Education
Nationale dans les Etats Unis," published in Paris in 1800, was
written at his request.!

*"Oo, wretch, resign the Presidential chair;
Disclose thy secret measures, foul or fair.
Go, search with curious eyes for horned frogs
'Mid the wild wastes of Louisianian bogs,
Or where the Ohio rolls his turbid stream
Dig for huge bones, thy glory and thy theme."

tTodd : " Life and Letters of Joel Barlow^" p. 208.

I Adams: "Jefferson and the Uniyersity of Virginia," p. 49, «l $eq.

74 AMERICAN HISTOBICAL ASSOCIATION. ^

Barlow retnuied to the American States in 1805, and almoat
his first public act after his arrival, we are told, was to issae a
prospectus in which he forcibly and eloquently depicted the
neoeesfty and advantages of a national scientific institution.

This was to consist of a central nniversity at or near the seat
of government, and, as far as might seem practicable or ad-
visable, other universities, colleges, and schools of education,
either in Washington or in other parts of the ITnitM States,
together with printing presses for the use of the institution,
laboratories, libraries, and apparatus for the sciences and
the arts, and gardens for botany and agricultural experi-
ments.

The institution was to encourage science by all means in its
power, by correspondence, by premiums and by scholarships,
and to publish school-books at cost of printing.

The Military and Naval Academies, the Mint, and the Pat-
ent Office were to be connected with the university, and there
was also to be a general depository of the results of scientific
research and of the discoveries by voyages and travels, actu-
ally the equivalent of a national museum.

** In short," wrote Barlow, . ^* no rudiment of knowledge
should be below its attention, no height of improvement
above its ambition, no corner of an empire beyond its vigilant
activity for collecting and diffusing information."*

The editor of the National Intelligencer, the organ of the ad-
ministration in 1806, commented favorably upon the plan of
Barlow.

This f^entleman [wrote he] whose mind has been enlarged by extensive
obeeryation, by oontemplating man under almost every variety of aspect in
which he appears, and whose sentiments have been characterized by an uni-
formly zealous devotion to liberty, has most justly embraced the opinion
that the duration as well as perfection of republicanism in this country
will depend upon the prevalence of correct information, itself dependent
upon the education of the great body of the people. Having raised himself,
as we understand, to a state of pecuniary independence, he has returned

■-■ , ■ - — - ..Ml ■ I ■ , — ■! ■ . ■ ■ ■ ■» ■■■■■■ ■! ■ ■■ I !■ » » ^^»^» ■ I I ^1^— ^^»^^^— ^

* See text of prospectus in Appendix C to this paper, or in National
Intelligencer, Washington, 1806, August 1 and November 24. The origi-
nal publication, of which there is a copy in the CongreHsional Library,
receutly bronght to my notice by Mr. Spofford, is a pamphlet, anony-
mously published, with the date of Washington, 24th January, 1806.

United States | = | Washington City : | Printed by Samuel H. Smith |

1 1806— 8«, pp. 1-44.

* SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. 75

to hifl native oouBtry, with a determination of devoting hia whole attez^*
tion and labon to those objects which are best calculated to improve its
state of society, its science, literature, and education. The disinterested
exertions of such a man merit the national attention.*

Barlow's proBpectos, we are told, was circulated throaghoat
the country, an4 met with so favorable a response that in 1806
be drew up a bill for the incorporation of the institution, which
Mr. Logan, of Philadelphia, introduced in the Senate, which
passed to a second reading, was referred to a committee, which
never reported, and so was lost

Barlow's National Institution resembled more closely the
House of Salomon in ^^ The Kew Atlantis " of Bacon than it
did the eminently practical university project of Washington.
It would be interesting to know to what extent President Jef-
ferson was in sympathy with Barlow. The mind which a few
years later directed Uie organization of the University of Vir-
ginia could scarcely, have approved all the features of the
Kalorama plan. He was undoubtedly at this time anxious
that a national university should be founded, as. is shown by
his messages to Congress in 1806 and 1808,t though it is proba-
ble that he wished it to be erected in some convenient part of
Virginia, ]:athei: than in the city of Washington. The project
for transplanting to America the faculty of the college of
Geneva, which, but for the opposition of Washington, would
probably have been attempted in 1794, had reference rather to
the formation of a State universi^, national in influence, than
to a central Federal institution.!

Although Barlow's plan was, in its details, much too elabo-
rate for the times, the fundamental ideas were exceedingly at-
tractive, and led to very important and far-reaching results.

Barlow expected, of course, that bis institution should be
established and maintained at Qovernment cost. This was
soon found to be impracticable, and those who were interested
iJX the intellectaal advancement of the capital soon had re-
course to the idea of beginning the work at private expense,
relying upon Gtovernment aid for its future advancement.

Barlow's classmate, Josiah Meigs, his friend and neighbor
Thomas Law, aided by Edward Gutbush, Judge Granch, and

« National Intelligencer, Nov. 24, 1806.

t Henry Adams, '< History of tlie United States,'' 180&-1809, i., 346, 347 ;
ii., 365.
I Adams, op. ciL, pp. 4&-6.

76 AMEBTCAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Other oitissens of Washington proceeded, forthwith, to attempt
that which the politicians dared not.
The essential featares of Barlow's plan were:

(1) The advancement of knowledge by associations of scien*
title men ; and

(2) The dissemination of its rndin^ents by the instruction of
youth.*

To meet the first of these requirements they organized the
Columbian Institute for the promotion of Arts and Sciences,
in 1819 ; and for the second, the Columbian College, incorpo-
rated in 1821. Most of the prominent members of the Colupi-
bian Institute were also among the friends and supporters of
the college. Dr. Josiah Meigs, the friend and classmate of
Barlow, the president of the institute from 1819 to 1821, was an
incorporator, and a member of the first faculty of the college.!

Dr. Edward Cutbush, the founder of the Columbian Institute,
was also a professor, as well as Dr. Thomas Sewall, Dr. Alexan-
der Mc Williams, and Judge Willia'm Cranch, and in publica-
tions made at the time these men distinctly proposed to realize
the aspirations of Washington, for the creation of a great Na-
tional University at the seat of the Federal Government. It
was in this cause President Monroe gave to the Columbian
College his public support as President of the United States.
At a later day, when an hour of need overtook the college,
John Quincy Adams became one of its saving benefactors.|

• *• The Old Bachelor," by William Wirt, p. 186.

1 1 am indebted to Dr. James C. Welliug,' President of the Colambian Uni-
versity, for mach important information concerning this and other matters
discussed in the present paper.

t James C. Welling : " The Columbian University," Washington, 1889,
p. I. The following letter written by President >Ionroe in 1821, indicates
that the public men of the day were not unwilling that the institution should
be regarded as one of national scope :

Washington, Maroh 28, 1821.

Sir : I avail myself of this mode of assuring you of my earnest desire thkt
the college which was incorporated by au Act of Congtoss at the last ses-
sion, by the tifcle of " The Columbian College in the District of Columbia "
may accomplish all the useful purposes for which it was established ; and
I add, with great satisfaction, that there is good reason to believe that the
hopes of those who have so patriotically contributed to advance it t& ita
pre^nt stage will not be disappointed.

Its commencement will be under circumstances very favorable to its sac-
cess. The act of incorporation is well digested, looks to the proper objects,
and grants the powers well adapted tu their attainment. The establish-

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOODE. 77

Thfi donation of $25,000 made to the Columbian College in 1832 waa pre-
ceded by a report from the Committee in House of Representatiyes on Dis-'
triot of Columbia.

That report may be found in ** Reports of Committees, first neseion
Twenty-second Congress (1831-'32,)^' vol. in., Report No. :i34.

After reciting the early history of the college the report proceeds as fol-
lows :

*' Few institutions present as strong claims to the patronage of Gk>Tern-
ment as that in behalf of which the ibrementioned memorial has been pre-
isented. (The Report is made in answer to a memorial of the president and
tmstees of the college, asking Congress to make a donation to the college
* from the sale of public lots or'from such other source as Congress may
think proper to direct.') Its location near the seat of Government, i ts sal u •
brious middle climate, and other advantages, and the commendable efforts
of the present trustees and professors to sustain it. Justly entitle it to public
beneficence.''

The GolambiaD Institute was granted the aseof rooms in the
Gapitol building under the present Congressional Library Hall,
which becai^e a center of the scientific and literary interests of
Washington, and its annual meetings were held in the hall of
the House of Bepresentatives, where Southard, Clay, Everett,
Meigs, and Adams, delivered addresses upon matters of science
and political economy to large assemblages of public men. In
1819, Josiah Meigs, its president, writing to Dr. Daniel Drake,
of Gincinnati, said :

I have little doubt that this Congress will, before they rise, give the in-
stitute a few acres of ground for our building and for a Botanic Garden.
Mr. Barlow made great efforts to obtain this object eight or ten years ago.
He could do nothing — but prejudices which then were of the density of a
thunder-cloud are now as tenuous as the tail of a comet. *

''The supreme legislative power of the United States over persons and
property within the District of Columbia is unquestioned. Congress has

■■ I I ■ - - 1 - jM II

ment of the institution within the Federal District in the presence of Con-
gress, and of all the departments of the Government will secure to the
young men who may be educated in it many important advantages, among
which the opportunity which it will afford them of hearing the debates in
Congress and in the Supreme Court, on important subjects, must be obvious
to all.

With these peculiar advantages, this institution, if it receives hereafter
the proper enbouragement, can not fail to be eminently useful to the nation.
Under this impression, I trust that such encouragement will not be with-
held from it.

I am, sir, wit|i great respect, your very obedient servant,

James Monrob.
* "Life of Josiah Meigs,'' p. 102.

78 AMERICAN HI81X>JSICAL ASSOCIATION.

repeatedly made grants of portions of the public lands to seminaries of
learning sitnided within the limits of States and Territories where saoh
lauds lie. The Constitution having thns confided to the care of the No-
tional Legislature the rights and interests of the District of Columbia, and
Congress having made liberal donations out of the national domain to pro-
mote the great cause of education, in all the other districts within which
the Greneral Government has exclusive Jurisdiction, it would seem to be
cruel injustice to refuse the small boon now recommended. These consid-
erations induce the hope thaC the proposed donation will be exempt from
all opposition not founded in doubts of the Just claim to patronage of the
institution for the benefit of which it is designed. And these claims, it is
fully believed, will stand the test of the severest scrutiny."

The report from which the above extracts are taken was made February
27, 1832. (to accompany House Bill, No. 422), by Mr. Thomas, of Maryland,
(on behalf of the committee on the District of Columbia), in answer to
memorial of the trustees and the president of the Columbian College.

On the ground granted by Gongress, a botanical garden was
established by the society, in 1822,' or 1823, with the co-opera-
tion of the State Department and the consular service. In
1829 the society applied to Congress for pecuniary aid, which
was not granted.*

The Golnmbian University was. also an applicant for govern-
ment aid, which it received to the amount of $25,000 in 1832,
on the ground that it was an institution of national importance,
organized by private individuals to do work legitimately within
the domain of governmental responsibilities.t

* The original members of the Columbian Institute were : Hon. John
Qoincy Adams ; Col. George Bomford, U. S. A. ; Dr. John A. Brereton,
U. S. A. ; Dr. Edward Cutbush, U. S. N. ; Asbury Dickins, esq. ; Joseph
Gales, Jr., esq. ; Dr. Henry Hnntt ; Thomas Law, esq. ; Edmund Law, '
esq. ; Dr. George W. May: Alexander Mc Williams, esq. ; William Winston
Beaton, esq. ; Samuel H. Smith, esq. ; William Thornton, esq. ; Hon. Roger
C. Weight man.

Among the later members were Dr. Joseph Lovell, U. 8. A. ; Col. Isaac
Roberdeau; Dr. Thomas Sewell ; Judge William Crauch ; Hon. Henry Clay ;
Hon. lohn McLean; Hon. Richard Rush; Hon. S.L. Southard; Hon. Will-
iam Wirt ; Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger, U. S. N. ; Hon. J. M. Berrien ; Hon.
J. C. Calhoun ; Rev. Obadiah Brown ; and Rev. William Staughton.

The minutes of the Columbian Institute are not to be found. The treas-
urer's book is in the National Museum.

tThis appropriation was made on the strength of a report by Senator
Barbour, of Virginia, chairman of the Committee on the District of Colum-
bia, in which, after alluding to the long recognized '* utility of a central
literary establishment^' and to the failures of the recommendations of
Washington and Madison, he gave a brief history of the enterprise, which
was as follows :

*' At length a few eaterprising and patriotic individqals attempte4 \iQ

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS GOODE. 79

TheGcdambian College received nearly one- third of its origi-
nal endowment from the Government of the United States.
Of the remainder perhaps one-half was contributed by men
like President Adams, whose sole interest in it was a patriptic
oDe.

Daring Jackson's presidency all ideas of centralization, even
in scientific matters, Appear to have fallen into disfavor, and
the Colnmbian Institnte and the Colnmbian College were forced
to abandon their hopes for governmental aid. The institnte
langnished and dropped ont of existence, while the college,
under the fostering care of a chnrch organization (which finally
dropped it in 1846), and through the beneficence of individuals,
one of whom, a citizen of Washington, gave it property to the
value of $200,000, has grown to be a university in name and
scope, and is included among the thirteen ^^ foundations com-
prising groups of related faculties, colleges, or schools,*' enu-

achieve by voluntary donations that which it had been sappoaed conld be
effected only by the power of Congress.

" Their efforts were crowned with distinguished success. One individual
in particular, the Rev. Luther Rice, with an unwearied industry and an
unyielding perseverance which prompted him to traverse every part of the
Union in pursuit of aid to this beneficent object, contributed principaUy to
that success.

''The funds thus acquired were faithfhlly and Judiciously applied to this
object • * • Application was made to Congress for an act of incorpo-
ration, which passed February 9, 1821. This, however, was all the aid
which Congress dispensed.

"The accompanying document shows that there have been expended in
this institution $80,000, of which only (50,000 have been procured ; and as
a consequence the institution is embarrassed by a debt to the amount of
$30,000. * • * Under the circumstances the individuals who have thus
generously devoted themselves to the promotion of this establishment, and
who have disinterestedly pledged their independence upon the success of
the college, present themselves to Congress with a view to obtain their
protection by a pecuniary grant. * * *

"The committee in reviewing the peculiar circumstances which charact-
erize the origin of this establishment, its progress, and the great benefits
it promises to society, are of the opinion that the application is reasonable.
It can not be doubted that had such an establishment grown up, under
similar circumstances in either of the States it would receive the helping
hand of its legislature. Congress stands in the same relation to this estab-
lishment, from its exclusive power of legislation within the District, etc."

Report of Mr. Barbour from the Committee on the District of Columbia
to whom was referred the memorial of the trustees of the Columbian Col-
lege.—April 19, 1824.— Senate.— Eighteenth Congress, first session (67).
80-83 pp.

80 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

merated in 'the report of the Oommissioner of Edacatiou for
1886-'87.

Although it has not since 1832 made any claims for govern-
ment aid, nor assumed to be in any way a ward of the nation,
its early history is significant, on, account of its connection
with the project for a National University, which has been for
more than a century before the people. The Government has
since established in Washington City the National Deaf Mate
Gollege, which it still maintains, and the Howard University,
intended primarily for the freedman, but open to all.

The founders of the Columbian Institute and the Columbian
University were building better than they knew, for they were
not only advancing knowledge in their own day and genera-
tion, but they were educating public opinion for a great oppor-
tunity, which soon came in the form of a gift to the nation
from beyond the sea, in the form of the Smithson bequest.

The story of the Smithsonian Institution is a remarkable
one. Smithson was a graduate of the University of Oxford,
a Fellow of the Boyal Society, a chemist and mineralogist of
well recognized position. The friend and associate of many of
the leading scientific men of England, he found it advisable,
for reasons connected with his family history, to pass most of
his life upon the Continent. A man of ample fortune, he asso-
ciated with men of similar tastes, and died in 1820, leaving in
trust to the United States property now amounting in value to
nearly three quarters of a million of dollars, to establish at the
national capital ^< an institution for the increase and diffusion
of knowledge among men." No one has been able to explain
why he did this. He had, so far as we know, no friend or cor- ^
respondent in the United States, and had made known to no
one his intention of establishing an institution of learning in
the New World.*

It is more than probable, however, that he knew Barlow
when American Minister in Paris, and that the Prospectus of
the National Institution, or the trentise by Dupont de Nemours,

* The only snggestion which has ever been offered is that by Mr. W. J.
Bhees, ia his history of " James Smithsoa and his Bequest," in which he
calls attention to the fact that in the library of Smithson was a copy of
*' Travels through North America/' published in 1807, by Isaac Weld, Sec-
retary of the Boyal Society, in which he describes the city of Washington,
and refers to it prophetically as likely some time to become the intellectual
and political center of one of the greatest nations of the world.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — 600DE. 81

may have attxacted his attention. He was aware of the faiI^re
of the attempts to obtain national support at the- start for
scientific uses, and conceived the idea of founding, with his
own means, an organization which should, he foresaw, grow
into national importance. Any one who will take the pains to
compare the criticisms and objections to Barlow's project, as
set forth in Wjrt's essay in • " The yid Bachelor,"* with those
which were urged in Congress and the public press in opposi-
tion to the acceptance^ of the Smithson bequest thirty years
later, can not fail to be greatly impressed by the similarity of
tone and argument.

The Smithsonian Institution, with its dependencies and
affiliations, corresponds perhaps more closely at the present
time to Barlow's ^' National Institution ^ than an>* organiza-
tion existing elsewhere in the^ world. The names of its three
secretaries — Henry, the physicist (in office from 1846 to 1878);
Baird, the naturalist (assistant secretary from 1850 to 1878,
secretary, 1878-^'87) ; and Langley, the astronomer, suggest in a
few words the main features of its history.

Becurriug to Jefferson's Presidency, it should be noted that
its most itpportant scientific features were the inception of the
system of scientific surveys of the public domain, and the or-
ganization of the Coast Survey. The first was most peculiarly
Jefferson's own, and was the outcome of more than twenty
years of earnest endeavor.

The apathy of the British government in colonial times in
the matter of explorations of the American continent is inex-
plicable. Halley, the philosopher and mathematician, was in
charge of a fruitless expedition in 1699 ; and ISllis, in 1746,
explored Hudson's Bay under government auspices, searching
for a northwest passage.

The first inland exploring expedition under government aus-
pices seems to have been that of Oovernor Spotswood, of Vir-
ginia, who in 1724, accompanied by a party of young colonists,
made an excursion to the summit of the Blue fiidge for the
purpose of ascertaining what lay beyond.

Nothing else was done in colonial days, although it would
appear that Jefferson, and doubtless others as well as he, had
in mind the importance of exploring the great northwest. In

* The Old Bachelor, Baltimore : F. Lucas, Jan. smaU 89^ pp. 1-235 page

H. Mis. 170 6

82 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION*

the recently pablished life of Matthew Fontaine Manry, the
story is told of his grandfather^ the Bev. James Maary^ an
Episcopal clergyman and instructor of youth, in Walker
Parish, Albemarle coanty, Va., who nambered among his
pupils three boys who afterward became Presidents of the
United States, and five signers of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. He was a quiet thinker — a serene old man who
gave the week to contemplative thought and to his school,
and Sunday to the service of the sanctuary. In 1766 he was
already dazzled by the rising glory of the new country. He
was intensely interested in the great Northwest. The Mis-
souri was a myth at that time. Oox had ascended the Missis-
sippi to the falls of St. Anthony, and leported the existence
of such a stream, but all beyond was shrouded in mystery.

'' Bat see,'' said the aged clergyipan, pointing with trambltug finger and
eager eye tu the map of the North Amerioan ountinent — '* see, there mast be
a large river in that direction ; mountains are there, and beyond them there
mnst be a stream to correspond with the vast river on this ^ide of the
chain" ; and by a process of rea9oning based on physical geography, he
pointed out to his pupils (Thomas Jefferson among them), the existence of
the line of the river as accurately as Le Verrier did the pllMie of Nejitane
in the firmament, and predicted that a great highway to the West would
some day be opened in this direction.*

It would appear that Jefferson never forgot the suggestion
of his venerable teacher. While Minister of the United States
in Palis in 1785, he became acquainted with John Ledyard, of
Gonnecticut, a man of genius, of some science, and of fearless
courage and enterprise, who had accompanied Captain Cook
on his voyage to the Pacific. '' I suggested to him," writes
Jefferson, '< the enterprise of exploring the western part of our
continent by passing through St. Petersburg to Kamtchatka,
and procuring a passage thence in some of the Russian vessels
to Nootka Sound, whence he might make his way across
the continent to the United States. He proceeded to within
200 miles of Kamchatka, and was tliere • obliged to take
up his winter quarters, and when preparing in the spring
to resume his journey, he was arrested by an officer of the
Empress of liussia, and carried back in a close carriage to
Poland. '< Thus," says Jefferson, <* failed the first attempt to
explore the western part of our northern continent."

* " Life of Matthew Fontaine Maury," hy Mrs. D. F. M. Corbin, Loo-
don, 1S88, p. 6.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS GOODE.

In a letter to Bishop Madison, dated Paris, Jaly 19, 1788,
Jeffersoti tells the story of Ledyard's fail are, and of his de-
parture ojd an expedition up the Nile. ^^ He promises me,''
continaes' Jefferson, ^' if he escapes throagh his journey, he
will go to Kentucky and endeavor to penetrate westerly to the
South Sea.'' Ledyard died in Africa.

The proposed expedition of Ledyard, though undertaken at
the instaface of the American Minister in Paris, can scarcely be
regarded as a governmental effort. It is of interest, however,
as leading up to the second attempt, which also was inspired
and placed on foot by Jefferson.

"In 1792," writes Jefferson, "I proposed to the American
Philosophical Society, that we should set on foot a subscrip-
tion to engage some competent person to explore those regions
in the opposite direction, that is by ascending the Missouri,
crossing the Stony Mountains, and descending the nearest river
to the Pacific*

" Captain Meriwether Lewis being then stationed at Char-
lottesville on the recruiting service, warmly solicited me to ob-
tain for him the execution of that object. I told him that it
was proposed that the person engaged should be attended by
a single companion only, to avoid exciting alarm among the
Indians. This did not deter him ; but Mr. Andr6 Michaux, a
professed botanist, author of the ^ Flora Boreali- Americana,'
and of the ^Histoire des Chines de I'Am^rique,' offering his
services, they were accepted. He received his instructions, and
when he had reached Kentucky in the prosecution of his jour-
ney, he was overtaken by an order from the Minister of France,
then at Philadelphia, to relinquish the exi)edition, and to pur-
sue elsewhere the botanical inquiries on which he was employed
by the government, and thus failed the second attempt to ex-
plore that region." t

* Jefferson does not mention in this connection tbo well-known fact that
he himself became personally responsible for raising the sum of 1,000
guineas from' private sources, to secure the sending out of this expedition.

t The late Dr. Asa Gray, in a letter written to me shortly before his death,
remarks : " I have reason to think that Miohaux suggested to Jefferson the
expeclition which the latter was active in sending over to the Pacific. I
wonder if he pat off Michaux for the sake of having it in American hands.''

I think it is sufficiently evident from what has been written, that the
project had been considered by Jefferson long before Michaux came into
America. A statement parallel to that of Jefferson is found in the brief
biography of Miohaux prefixed by Prof. C. S. Sargent, to his reprint of the

84 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

It is related by Jefferson, in his ^^ memoranda of conversa-
tions," that Judge Breckenridge, of Kentucky, told him in
1800, that Michanx was not only a botanical agent of the
French, but a political emissary, and that he held a commission

Jonmal of Andre Mich^inx, pabliahed iu the *' Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society," vol. xxvi, No. 129, page 4 : ** The French Govern-
ment was anxious in 1785 to iutrdduce into the Royal plantations the most
valuable trees of eastern North America, and Michaux was selected for this
nndertakiufi^. He was instructed to explore the territory of the United
States, to gather seeds of trees, shrnbs, and other plants, and to estaUlish a
nursery near New^ York for their reception, and afterwards to send them to
France, where they were to be planted in the park of Rambonillet*. He ^aa
directed also to send gam^birds from America, with a view to their intro-
duction into the plantations of American trees. Michaux, acoompamied by
his son, then fifteen years old, arrived in New York in October, 1785. Here
during two years he made his principal residence, establishing a nursery,
of which all trace has now disappeared, and making a number of short,
botauical Journeys into New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. The
fruits of these preliminary explorations, including 12 boxes of seeds, 5,000
seedling tfees, and a number of live partridges were sent to Paris *at the
end of the first year.

^'Michaux's first visit to South Carolina was made in Septomber, 1787.
He found Charleston a more suitable place for his nurseries, and made that
city his headquarters during the rest of his stay in America.

" Michaux's journeys in this country after his establishment in Charleston
are detailed in the journal (printed in the place already referred to). They
cover the territory of North America from Hudson's Bay to the Indian
River of Florida, and from the Bahama Islands to the banks of the Missis-
sippi River. His ambition to carry out his instructions was equaled only
by his courage and industry. The history of botanical explorations
accords no greater display of fortitude and enthusiasm in pursuit of knowl-
edge than Michanx showed in his journey to the headwaters of the Savan-
nah River in December, 1788, when his zeal was rewarded by the discovery
of Shoriia on the return from his visit to Hudson'rt Bay. The hardship of
his last journey even did not satisfy his craving for adventure and discov
ery, and shortly after his return he laid before the American Philosophical
Society a proposiwiou to explore the unknown region which lay beyond the
Missouri. His proposition was well received. The sum of $5,000 was
raised by subscription to meet the expenses of the journey, all arrangements
were made, and ho was about ready to start when lie was called upon by
the Minister of the French Republic, lately arrived iu New York, to pro-
cecd to Kentucky to execute some business growing out of the relations
between France and Spain with regard to the transfer of Louisiana.''

'* It was this suggestion of Michaux, no doubt," says Sargent in conclud-
ing this reference, '' which led Mr. Jefferson, who had regarded him with
great favor, to send a few years later the first trans-continental expedition
to the shores of the Pacific." Professor Sargent, like Dr. Gray, has evi-
dently not been in possession of the history of Jefi'erson's early interest in
this matter. *

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS GOODE. 85

as oommissary for an expeditiou agaiast the Spaniards, planned
by Genet, in connection with a plot to gain possession^of the
eastern Mississippi Valley for Prance.*

^< In 1803," continues Jefferson, ^' the act of establishing trad-
ing houses with the Indian tribes being about to expire, some
modifications of it were recommended to Congress by a confi-
dential message of January 18, and an extension of its views to
the Indians on the Missouri. In order to prepare the way, the
message proposed sending an exploring party to trace the Mis-
soari to its source, to cross the highlands, and follow the best
water communication which offered itself from thence to the
Pacific Ocean. Congress approved the proposition and voted
a sum of money for carrying it into execution. Captain Lewis,
who had then been near two years with me as private secretary,
immediately renewed his solicitation to have the direction of
the party.''

In his life of Lewis, prefixed to the history of the expedition,
Jefferson gives in full an account of Lewis's preparation for
the expedition, including his ipstruction in astronomical obser-
vation by Andrew Ellicott, and also a full text of the instruc-
tions, signed bj him, addressed to Lewis and his associate,
Gapt William Clarke. Captain Lewis left Washington on
the 5th of July, 1803, and proceeded to Pittsburgh. Delays of
preparation, difiicnlties of navigation down the Ohio, and other
obstmctions, retarded his arrival at Cahoki until the season
was so far advanced that he was obliged to wait until the ice
should break up in the begiuningorspring. His mission accom-
. plished, he returned to St. Louis on the 23d of September, 1806.
" Never," says Jefferson, *' did a similar event excite more
joy throngh the United States. The humblest of its citizens
had taken a lively interest in the issue of the journey, and
looked forwanl with impatience for the information it would
furnish. The anxiety, too, for the safety of the corps had been
kept in a state of excitement by lugubrious rumors circulated
from time to time on uncertain authorities, and uncontradicted
by letters or other direct information*, from the time they had
left the Mandan towns on their ascent up the river, in April of
the preceding year, 1805, until their acDual return to St. Louis."
Thcsecond expedition towards the West was also sent out
during Jefferson's administration, being that under the com-

• " JeflTeraon's Writings," ed. T. J. Randolph, iv., pp. 513, 514.

86 AMERICAN UISTOBICAL ASSOCIATION.

mand of General Zebalon M. Pike, who was sent to explore
the sources of the Mississippi Biver and the western parts of
«( Loaisiana," continuing as far west as Pike's Peak, the name
of which still remains as a memorial of this enterprise.*

The expedition of Lewis and Clarke was followed, in dne
course and in rapid succession, by others, some geographical,
some geologics^l, some for special researches, and some more
comprehensive in character.

To those who are in the least degree familiar with the his-
tory of American exploration, the names of Long, Cass and
Schoolcraft, Bonneville, Nicollet, Fremont, Sitgreaves, Wizli-
zenus, Foster and Whitney, Owen, Stansbnry, Abert^ Marey,
Stevens, Gunnison, Beckwith, Whipple, Williamson, Parke^
Pope, Etaory, Bartlett, Bryan, Magraw, Johnston, Campbell,
Warren, Twining, Ives, Beale, Simpson, Lauder, McGlellan,
Mullan, Baynolds, Heap, Jones, Ruffuer, Ludlow, Maguire,
Macomb, and Stone will bring up the memory of much advent-
urous exploration and a vast amount of good scienti&c work ;
while to mention Hayden, Wheeler, King, and Powell is to
leave the field of history and to call up the early stages of the
development of that magnificent organization, the United
States Geological Survey, which is still in the beginning ot its
career of U8efulnes8.t

The history of the Coast Survey began with the earliest
years of the century. It has been thought by some that the
idea originated with Albert Gallatin, and by others that it
was due to Prof. Robert Patterson,| while Hassler, whose

* It is a matter of hUtory that AlezaDder Wilsoa, the ornithologist, was
aDxioas to be appointed the naturalist of Pike's expedition, and Jefferson
has been warmly abased for not gratifying his desire. It should be borne
in mind that at this time Wilson was a man whose repatation had not yet
been achieved and also that it is quite possible that in those days, as in the
present, the projectors of such enterprises were bften hindered by lack of
financial opportunity.

t The U. S. Geological Survey was organized March 3, 1879, and Clarence
King was appointed its first director. Major J. W. Powell, his successor,
was appointed March 18, ISSt.

tThe committee of twenty, appointed in 1857 by the American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science, to report upon the history and progress
of the Coast Survey, made the following statement :

''It is believed that the honor of first suggesting a geodetic survey of
the American coast, is due to the elder Professor Patterson, of Philadelphia,
who, as early as the year 1806, availed himself of his intimacy with the
President. Mr. Jefferson, and the gentlemen who formed his Cabinet, to im-

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — OOODE. 87

name is so intimately associated with ite early history, seems
to have supposed that it w^ suggested by his own advent, In
1805, bringing with him from Switzerland a collection of math-
ematical books and instruments.*

Passing by the question as to who was the originator of the
idea, with the simple remark that it is doubtfhl whether such
an enterprise should not have for long years been in the minds
of many Americans, it may be said that, without doubt, the
early organization of the survey was due to the scientific wisdom
and political foresight of Jefferson, who realized that within a
few years the country would be involved in a war with Great
Britain, and that a thorough knowledge of the coast was essen-
tial not only to the prosperity of the nation in time of peace, but
still more to ite safety in case of invasion. At that time the
only charts availably for our mariners were those in ^* The At-
lantic ^t^eptune " of Colonel Des Barres, and the old hydro-
graphic charts issued by the Dutch, French, and English gov-
ernments. Jefferson realized that American seamen were less

-. - u ■- - - III w- I .1 ■ . ._ _ . ^m __i _ _i , i_ ■ — ~- —

press them with the feasibility and quality of the meaflure." — '* Report
on the History and Progress of the American Coast Sarrey np to the Year
1858, by the Committee of Twenty, Appointed by the Association for the
Advancement of Science, at the Montreal Meeting, Angust, 1857 " (pp. i~8d),
p. 18.

"'I arrived in this country in October, 1805, having relinquished my
public station in my native country, Switzerland, foreseeing the turn of
political events which have since come to pass, and firom a taste for a rural
life with completely different views and means quite sufficient for them,
but which I have failed to claim. Having arrived in Philadelphia, the late
Professor Patterson, Mr. Garnet, of New Brunswick, and several other gen-
tlemen, on seeing the books, mathematical instruments, etc., I had brought
with me for my private enjoyment, were so kind as to show me some atten-
tion. I had occasion to show them, in conversation, by the scientific pub-
lieations of Europe, that I had been engaged in an extensive survey of
Switzerland, which was interrupted by the revolution. Professor Patter-
son sent to President Jefferson an account of my former life, which I fur-
nished at his request ; and Mr. Clay, the representative to Congress from
Philadelphia, before setting off for Congress, in 1806, asked me if I should
be willing to take a survey of the coast, to which I assented.'' (Letter pub-
lished in the New York American, probably in February, 1627. Principal
Documents Relating to the Survey of the Coast of the United States since
1816, published by F. R. Hassler, Superintendent of the Survey. New York,
William Van Norton, printer, 1834. Octavo, pp. 1-180, i-ui : folding n^ap.
Second Volume of the Principal Documents Relating to the Survey of the
Coast of the United States, from October, 1834, to November, 1835. Pub-
lished by F. R. Hassler, Superintendent of the Survey. New York, Will-
iam Van Norton, printer, 1835. Octavo, pp. 1-156, i-ui (i).)

88/

AMERICAN HI8TOBICAL ASSOCIATION.

familiar with many portions of their own coast than were the
European navigators, and he apprc^ated fally the importance
of having a knowledge of this kind far more accnratcthan that
which was possessed by any foreigner. ^^ With the clear ifind
bold perception which always distingnishes men of genius
when they are trussed in times of danger with the destiny of
nations, the President recommended the snrvey of the home
coast with all the aid of the more recent discoveries in science; "
and in his annual message tp Congress, in the year 1S07, pro-
posed the establishment of a national survey, for the purpose
of making a complete chart of the coast with the adjacent shoals
and soundings.

In response to this recommendation, Congress made an ap-
propriation of $50,000 for the purpose of carrying out the pro-
vision of the following law :

AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR SURVSYING THB COAST OF THE UZaTBD STATES.

Be it enactedf etc.y That the Prettident of the United States shall be^ and
he is hereby, authorized and requested to cause a survey to be taken of the
coast of the United States, in which shall be designated ther islands and
shoals, in the roads or places of anchorage, within 20 leagues of any part
of the shores of the United Sfcates ; and also their respective courses and
distances between the principal capes, or head lands, together with
such other matters as he may deem proper for completing an accurate chart
of every part of the coast within the extent aforesaid. (Act of February
10, 1807.)

By the direction of the President, Albert Oallatin^ Secretary
of the Treasury, addressed a circular letter to American men
of science, requesting their opinion as to the character of the
plan to be adopted.

In the circular of the Secretary of the Treasury, tbe work to
be performed was defined as consisting of three distinct pari;|3,
as follows:

(1) The ascertainment by a series of astronomical observations of the
position of a few remarkable points on the coast, and some of the light-
houses placed on the principal capes, or at the entrance of the principal
harbors, appear to be the nirist eligible places for that purpose as being
objects particularly interesting to navigators, visible at a great distance,
and generally erected on spots on which similar buildings will be continued
so long as navigation exists.

(2) A trigonometrical survey of the coast between these points of which the
position shall have been astronomically ascertained ; in the execution of
which survey, the position of every distinguishable permanent object should
be carefully designated ; and temporary beacons be erected at proper dia-

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. ' 89

taneea on those parts of the coast on which. sach ohjeots are really to he
fonnd.

(3) A naatical survey of the shoals and soundings of the coast of which
the trigonometrical survey of the coast itself and the ascertained position of
the light* houses, aud other distiugnishable ohjects, would be the basis; and
which would therefore depend but little on any astronomical observa-
tions made on board the vessels employed on the part of the work.

This circalar letter wassabinitted to thirteen scienti6omeD,ancl
in response thirteen plans were received at the Treasury De-
partment. A commission, composed of the experts from whom
answers had been received, was formed. They met at Profes-
sor Patterson's, in Philadelphia, and the pl^n which they finally
selected was then proposed by Ferdinand Bodolph Hassler, at
that time, and for several years thereafter. Professor in the
Military Academy at West Point.

Nothing was done to secure definitely the execution of this
plan until 1811, when Hassler was sent to Europe to procure
the necessary instruments and standards of measure for the
proposed work. He was detained as an alien in London dur-
ing the entire war with England, and until 1815, when he re-
turned to the United States, having, as a matter of course, far
exceeded the limits of his appropriation, with a large claim
against the government for indemnification.*

I harve been unable to ascertain the exact date of the appoint-
ment of Hassler, as the Superintendent of the Coast Survey,
although it was thoroughly understood at the time of the
acceptance of his plan in 1807, that it was to be carried out
under his direction.

It was not until August, 1816, that the contract was signed
with the Government which authorized Hassler to proceed with

* An interesting reminibceoce of his career in this period is contained in
the diarj of John Qninoy Adams for Jnly, 1815, where there is descrihed an
interview hy himself, with Mr. Gallatin, at that time United States Minis-
ter in London, in which the latter spoke of Hassler, who had jnst left them.

'* That is a man of great ability. He was sent by the Qovemment to Eng-
land, to procure theinstrnmoDts for the general snrvey of oar coast, bat he
has outrun bis time and his fands, and his iustmments cost £800 sterling
more than was appropriated for them ; and he is embarrassed now about get-
ting hfkojs. to America. I have engaged the Messrs. Baring to advance the
money for the Instruments, and he is to go for his own expenses upon his
own credit. He has procured an excellent set of instruments.''— Adams's
" Memoirs," m., p. 248.

The circulars elicited by Hassler's plan are printed in the Transactions of
the American Philosophical Society for 1812, vol. ii.

90 AMEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCUTION. '

his work. In 1817 a begioning was made in the bay and har-
bor of New York, bat Congress failed to provide for its con-
tinuance, and it was soon suspended, and in 1818, before the
snperintendent had the opportunity to publish a report npon
the results of his last year's labor, Congress,, on the plea <* that
the little progress hitherto made in the work had caused gen-
eral dissatisfaction," ordered its discontinuance by repealing
the law under which the snperintendent had been appointed,
aud providing that no one should be employed in the survey of
the coast except officersof the Army and Navy. This was prac-
tically a discoutiquance of the work, because there was naone
in America but Hastier who was capable of directing it.

Immediately after beiug thus legislated out of office, he was
appointed one of the astronomers to represeht the United States
in the settlement of the Canadian boundary.

From 1819 to 1832, attempts were made at various times by
the NaVy Degartment to survey several portions of the coast.
A few detached surveys were made, but no general systematic
work was attempted, and the result was not on the whole
creditable. In 1828 the Hod. S; L. Southard of New Jersey,
at that time Secretary of the Navy, in response to resolutions
of inquiry from the House of Representatives, admitted that
the charts produced by the Navy were unreliable and onnec-
essarily expensive, aud declaring also that the plan which had
been employed was desultory and unproductive, recommended
that the provisions of the law of 1807 should be resumed.

In 1832, Congress passed an act reorganizing the surveys on
the old plan.

AN ACT TO CARRY INTO EFFECT THE ACT TO PROVIDE FOR A SURVEY OF

THE COAST OF THE UNITED STATES.

Be it enacted, etc., that for carrying into effect the uct entitled, ** An
aot to provide for surveying the coast of the United States/' approved on
the tenth day of February, eighteen hundred and seven, there shall be, and
hereby is, appropriated a sum not exceeding twenty thousand dollars, to
be paid out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated ; and
the said aot is hereby revised, aud shall be to provide for the survey of the
coast of Florida, in the same manner as if the same had been named direct.

8bc. *2. That the President of the United States be, and he is herebyi au-
thorized, in and about the execution of the said act, to use all maps, charts,
instruments, and apparatus which n<*w, or hereafter may, belong to the
United States, and employ all persons of the land and naval service of the
United States, snch as astronomers, and other persons as he shall think
proper.

SCIENTIPIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODB. 91

Haasler was now agaio appointod superintendent of the
Coast Sarvey, and held bis position until his death in 1843, the
work for a short time, at first, being assigned to the Treasury
Department, and in 1834 transferred to the Navy Department,
and in 1830 again re-transferred to the Treasury, where it has
since remained, its Istatns being finally definitely settled by act
of Congress passed in 1843, shortly before the appointment of
Alexander Dallas Bache, as the successor of the first saperin-
t-endent of the survey.

At the time of Hassler's death the survey had been extended
from New York, where it was begun, eastward to Point Judith,
and southward to Cape Henlopen.

It should be mentioned that in 1825, during the period of
the suspension of activity, Hassler presented to the American
Philosophical Society a memoir on the subject of the survey,
which contained a full account of the {)lau, which he had adopted,
a description of his instruments, and a history of what had
been accomplished up to 1817. ''This memoir," wrote Pro-
fessor Henry in 1845, '' was received with much favor by com-
petent judges abroad, and the commendation bestowed upon it
was of no little importance in the wakening of sentiments of
national pride', which had considerable influence in assisting
the passage of the act authorizing the renewal of the survey
in 1832."

With the appointment of Bache as superintendent in 1843,
the survey entered upon a new period of prosperity, the dis*
cu3sion of which is not within the province of this paper, and
it seems appropriate to close this notice of the origin and early
history of the organization by quoting from the first report of
his successor an estimate of the value of Hassler's services.

**The Coast Survey," wrote Bache, " owes its present form
and perhaps its existence to the zeal and scientific activity of
the late superintendent, who devoted the energy of his life to
it; and who, but for its interruption at a period when he was
in the prime of manhood, and its suspension for nearly fifteen
years, might have seen its completion. Tbe difficult task of
creating resources of practical science for carrying on such a
work ni>on a stjitable scale, required no common zeal and per-
severance for its accomplishment, especially at a time when our
country was far from having attained its present position of
scientific acquirement, and when public opinion was hardly
sufficiently enlightened to see the full advantage of clearness

92 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

in executing tbe work. For his saccessfal struggle against
great difficulties }iis adopted country will do honor to his
memory as pioneer of a useful national undertakiug,"*

The history of the Coast Survey under the successive snper-
tendentships of Bache [l'843-1867], Peirce [1867-1874), Pat^.
tersou [1874-1881], and Hilgard [1881-1887], would make a
volume in it^lf. Under its present director, Professor Men-
denhall, it is growing into renewed vigor and efficiency.

The Goast Survey was the last of the great scientific enter-
prises begun in. Jefferson's administration. If. the '^ Sage of
Monticello " were now living, what deliglit he would feel in the
manifold scientific activities of the nation. The enlightened
policy of our Government in regard to scientific and educational
institutions, is doubtless to a considerable degree due to his
abiding influence.

<< Nowhere, in all the long coarse of Mr. Jeiierson's great
career," writes Henry Adams, "did he appear to better ad-
vantage than when, in his message of 1806, he held out to the
country and the world that view of his ultimate hopes and
■ aspirations for national development, which was, as he then
trusted, to be his last beque^st to mankind. Having now
reached the moment when he must formally announce to Gon*
gress that the great end of relieving the nation from debt was
at length within reach, and with it the duty of establishing
true republican government was fulfilled, he paused to ask
what use was to be made of the splendid future thus displayed
before them. Should they do away with the taxes 1 Should
they apply them to the building up of armies and navies t
Both relief from taxation and the means of defense might be
sufficiently obtained without exhausting their resources, and
still the great interests of humanity might be secured. These
great interests were economical and moral ; to supply the one,
a system of Internal improvement should be created commen-
surate with the magnitude of the country; < by these opera-
tions new channels of communication will be opened between
the States, the lines of separation will disappear, their interests
will be identified, and their union cemented by new and indis-
soluble ties.' To provide for the other, the higher e<lucation
should be placed among the objects of public care; ^a publio
institution can alone supply those sciences which, though

'Report of Alexander Dallas Bache, Saperinteudent of the Coast Survey.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS GOODE. 93

rarely called for, are yet necessary .to complete the circle, all
the parts of which coiitribate«to the improvement of the coun-
try and some of them to its preservation.' A national nni-
versity and a national system of internal improvement were
an essential part, and indeed the realization and fruit of the
republican th^ries which Mr. Jefferson and his associates put
in practice as their ideal of government." *

Madison's administration, which began in 1809, though
friendly to science, was not characterized by any remarkable
advances (except that the Coast Survey was actually organ-
ized for work under Hassler, after his return from Europe in
181 6). The war of 181 2 and the unsettled state of public affairs
were not propitious to the growth of learned institutions.

Monroe became chief magistrate in 1817. He, like Madison,
was a friend and follower of Jefferson, and in the atmosphere
of national prosperity scientific work began to prosper, and
there was a great accession of popular interest, and State geo-
logicarsurveys began to come into existence. Schoolcraft and
Long led governmentexpeditions into the West; the American
Geological Society and the American Journal of Science were
founded.

The city of Washington began to have intellectual interests,
and public-spirited men organized theOolumbian Institute and
the Columbian University.

Monroe was not actually acquainted with science, but was

* Adam'H " Life of Gallatin," pp. 349, 350. Henry Adams in this admira-
ble biography has shown that Gallatin was one of Jefierson's strongest
supportecsin plans for the public enlightenineuti and that he had an ambi-
tion of his own for the education of ail citizens, without dis inction of

** I had another favorite object in view/' Gallatin writes, ** in which I
have failed. My wish was to devote what may remain of life to the estab-
lishment in this immense and fast-igrowing city (New York), of a general
system of rational and practical education fitted for all and gratuitously
opened to all.' For it appeared to me impossible to preserve our democratic
institutions and the right of universal suffrage unless we could^ raise the
standard of general education and the mind of the laboring classes nearer
to a level with those born under favorable circumstances. I became accord-
ingly the president of the council of a new university, originally estab-
lished on the most liberal principles. Bnt finding that the object was no
longer the same, and that their object, though laudable, was special and
quite distinct from mine, I resigned at the end of one year rather than to
struggle, probably in vain, for what wns near unattainable.'' — Op, cii., p.
648.

94 AMEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSpCIATION.

in hearty sympathy with, it. When he visited New York, in
1817, he visited the New York Institation, and was received as
an honorary member of the Literary and Philosophical Society,
and in his reply to the address of Governor Glinton, its presi-
dent, he remarked that ^^ the honor, glory, and prosperity of
the conntry were intimately connected with its literature and
science, and that the promotion of knowledge would always be
an object of his attention and solicitude."

The most important new enterprise was in the direction of
organizing a national meteorological service.

The first move was made by Josiah Meigs, who was in 1814
appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office. With
th^ exception of Franklin,* he was perhaps the earliest scien-
tific meteorologist in America, having, while living in the
Bermudas from 1789 to 1794, made a series of observations
which he communicated to the Royal Society.!

In 1817, or before he began to advocate Oongressional action
for the establishment of meteorological registers in connection
with the Laud Office, writing to Dr. Daniel Drake in 1817, he
said :

If my plan be adopted, and the registers be fbrnished with the reqaiBite
instruments for temperatare, pressure, rain, wind, etc«, * * * we
may, in the oourae of a year, know more than we shall be |ible to know on
any other plan. (Page 62.)

Without some system of this kind our country may be ooonpied for ages,
and we the people of the United States be as ignorant on this subject as
the Kickapoo9 now are, who have occupied it for ages past. (Page 83.)

In 1817 he also issued a circular to the registrars of the
Land Offices of the several States, calling upon them to take
regularly certain observations and make monthly official re-
ports upon ail meteorological phenomena.

In 1819 a co-operative movement was begun under the direc-
tion of Dr. Joseph Lovell, Snrgeon-Oeneral of the Army, in
connection with the medical officers at the principal military
posts, by whom reports were made at the end of each month
upon the temperature, pressure, and moisture of the air, the

* See Benjamin Franklin's '* Meteorological Imaginations and Conjec-
tures,'' in the Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Mans-
field.

Communications made at Passy (France), in 1784, and reported in the
^Pennsylvania Packet (in Congressional Library; of July 18, 1786.

t " Life of Josiah Meigs," p. 27.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS OOODE. 95

Mndant of rain, the direction and force of the wind, the ap-
pearance of the sky, and other phenomena.

The.Land OfQce circular was a remarkable one,, and led to
the extensive system of Patent Office observations^ the results
of which, published in connection with those of the War De-
partment and the Smithsonian in 1859, formed the foundation
of scientific meteorology in the United States.

In 1839 a most admirable paper by the French geologist,
I. K. Nicollet, an << Essay on Meteorological Observations,''
was published under the direction of the Bureau of Topo-
graphical Engineering. Some years later the lake system of
meteorological observations was established by the Engineer
Department, under the direction of Gapt. (afterwards General)
George G. Meade. This included a line of stations extending
from the western part of Lake Superior to the eastern part of
Lake Ontario.

In 1835 a system of observations had been established under
the direction of the Board of Regents of the University of
the State of New York, the points of observation being li>t the
academies of the State, and in 1837 the legislature of Penn-
sylvania made an. appropriation of $4,000 for instruments for
use in meteorological observations, which were continued until
about 1847. Those of New York were kept up until 1865 or
later.

In the meantime, the idea of the pre-announcemeut of storms
by telegraph was suggested in 1847 by W. G. Kedfield, the dis-
coverer of the law of storms, while Lieutenant Maury from
1851 onward, and especially at the International Meteorologi-
cal<7onference (held at his instance in Belgium in 1853) was
promoting the establishment of a system of agricultural
meteorology for farmers, and of daily weather reports by
telegraph.*

In February, 1855, Leverrier obtained the sanction of the
Emperor of France for the creation of an extensive organiza-
tion for the purpose of distributing weather intelligence,
though it was not till 1860 that he felt justified in making his
work international, t In 1861 and in 1862 a similar organiza-
tion was begun in England, under Admiral Fitzroy, which
was extended a little later to India.

• " Maury'8 Life/' p. 77. •

t Scott, "Storm Warnings/' London, 1883.

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

In th^ meantime all the essential features for the prediction
of meteorological phenomena were in existence in tbfe Smith-
sonian Institntion as early as 1856, having grown up as the
result of an extensive series of tabulations of obs^vations
recorded by volunteer observers in all parts of the country.

The following historical notes on weather telegraphy, pre-
pared by Professor Cleveland Abbe in 1871, • give a summary
of the progress of this work :

However frequently the idea may have been snggested of atilizing our
knowledge by the employment of the electric telegraph , it is to Professor
Henry and his assistants in the Smithsonian Institation that the credit is
dne of having first actually realized this suggestion.

The practical utilization of the results of scientific study is well known
to have been in general greatly furthered by the labors of this noble insti-
tution, and from the very beginning Professor Henry has successfnlly
advocated the feasibility of telegraphic storm warnings. The agitation of
this subject in the United States during the years 1830-'55* may be safely
presumed to have stimulated the subsequent action of the European meteor-
ologists. It will be interesting to trace the gradual realization of the
earlier suggestions of Kedfield and Loomis in the following extracts from
the annual Smithsonian reports of the respective years :

1847. *<The extended lines of telegraph will furnish a ready means of
warning the more northern and eastern observers, to be on the watch for
the first appearance of an advancing storm.''

1848. ''As a part of the system of meteorology, it is proposed to employ,
as far as our funds will permit, the magnetic telegraph in the investigation
of atmospherical phenomena. • * * xhe advantage to agriculture and
commerce to be derived from a knowledge of the approach of a storm by
means of the telegraph has been frequently referred to of late in the public
journals; and this we think is a subject deserving the attention of the
Government."

1849. ''Successful applications have been made to the presidents of a
number of telegraph lines (o allow us at a certain period of the day the nse
of the wires for the transmission of meteorological intelligence * * * As
soon as they [certain instructions, etc.] are completed, the transmission of
observations will commence." (It was contemplated to constitute the tel-
egraph operators the observers.)

1850. " This map [an outline wall-map] is intended to be used for pre-
senting the successive phases of the sky over the whole country at different
points of time, as far as reported."

1851. " Since the date of the last report the system particularly intended
to investigate the nature of American storms immediately under the care
of the Institution, has been continued and improved."

The system of weather reports thus inaugurated continued in regular
operation until 1861, when the disturbed condition of the country rendered
impossible its further continnance. Meanwhile, however, the study of

"American Journal of Science, July, 1871.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOODE. 97

iheae daily luoniiDg reports haA led to such a knowledge of the progress of
oar storms that in the report for 1857 Professor Henry writes :
- 1857. *< We are indebted to the National Telegraph Line for a series of
observations from New Orleans to New York and as far westward as Cin-
cinnati, which have been pablished in the Evening Star, of this oity.

"We hope in the conrse of another year to make snch an arrangement
with the telegraph lines as to be able to give warnings on the eastern coast
of the approach of storms, since the investigations which have been made
at the Institution fully indicate the fact that as a general rule the storms of
oar latitude pursue a de6nite course."

It would seem, therefore, that nothing but the disturbances of the late
war prevented our having had, ten years ago, a valuable system of prac-
tical storm warnings. Eyen before peace had been proclaimed, Professor
Henry sought tojrevive the systematic daily weather reports, and in August,
1864, at the meeting of the North Ameiican Telegraph Association (see
their published report of proceeding), a paper was presented by Professor
Baird, on behalf of the Smithsonian Institution, requesting the privilege
of the use of the telegraph lines, and more especially in order to enable
Professor Henry " to resume and extend the weather bulletin, and to give
warning of important atmospheric changes to our seaboard." In response
to this communication, it was resolved, '*That this association recom-
mend— to paasfree of charge — brief meteorological reports for the use and
benefit of the Institution."

On the communication of this generous response preparations were at
once made for the laborious undertaking, and the inauguration of the
enterprise was fixed for the year 1865. In January of that year, however,
occurred the disastrous fire which so seriously embarrassed the labors of the
Smithsonian Institution for several following years. It became necessary
to. indefinitely postpone this meteorological work, which, indeed, had
through its whole history been carried on with most limited financial
means, and was quite dependent upon the liberal co-operation of the dif-
ferent telegraph companies.

It will thus be seen that withont material aid from the Government, but
through the enlightened policy of the telegraph companies, and with the
assistance of the munificent bequest of James Sraithson, ''for the increase
and diffusion of knowledge," the Smithsonian Institution, first in the
world, organized a comprehensive system of telegraphic meteorology, and
has thus gl'^n, first to Europe and Asia, and now to the United States, the
most beneficent national application of modern science, the storm warnings.

In the report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1858 it is
stated:

An object of much interest at the Smithsonian building is the daily
exhibition on a large map of the condition of the weather over a consider-
able portion of the United States. The reports are received about 10
o'clock in the morning, and the changes are made on the map by temporarily
attaching to the several stations pieces of card of different colors to note
the different conditions of the weather, and the clearness, cloudiness, rain,
or snow. This matter is not only of interest to visitors in exlt^ibitini^ the

a Mis, 17a,~7

98 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCJATIOn!

kind of weather which their frieDds at a distance are experiencing, bat is
also of importance in determining at a glance the probable changes which
may soon be expected.*

In a still earlier report Professor Henry said :

We are indebted to the National Telegraph Line for a series of observa-
tions from New Orleans to New York^ and as far westward as Cincinnati,
Ohio, which have been published in the Evening Star, of this city. Thes^
reports have excited much interest, and conld they be extended fnrther
north and more generally to the west, they wonld furnish important obser-
vations as to the approach of storms. We hope in the coarse of another
year to make such an arrangement with the telegraph lines as to be able to
give warning on the eastern coast of the approach of storms, since the inves-
tigations whieh have been made at the Institution fully indicate the fact
that, as a general role, the storms of our latitude pursue a definite course, t

In 1868, Cleveland Abbe, then director of t}ie Cincinnati Ob-
servatory, revived the Smithsonian idea of meteorological fore-
casts, and suggested to the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce
that Cincinnati should be made the headquarters of meteoro-
logical observation for the United States, '^ for the purpose of
collecting and comparing telegraphic weather reports from all
parts of the land and making deductions therefrom." His pro-
posals were favorably received, and he began, September 1,
18t>9, to issue the <' Weather Bulletin of the Cincinnati Observa-
tory," which he oontinued until, in January, 1871, he was sum-
moned to Washington to assist in organizing the national
meteorological service, with which he has ever since been iden-
tified.

The Smithsonian meteorological system continued its func-
tions until it was finally consigned to the custody of the Chief
Signal Officer of the Army. Like all the efforts of this Institu-
tion, this work was in the direction of supplementing and
harmonizing the work of all others, and attention was espe-
cially devoted to preparing and distributing blank forms in
this direction, calculating and publishing extensive papers for
systematizing observations, introducing standard instruments,
collecting all public documents, printed matter, and manu-
script records bearing on the meteorology of the American
Continent, submitting these materials for scientific discussion,
and publishing their results. The Smithsonian work was, dur-

* ^'Thirteenth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution," p. :«. (1858.)

t ''Twelfth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, 1857/^ p. 26. Also, "Twentieth Annual Report of the Secretary of
the Smithsonian Institution^ 1865," pp. 54-57.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. 99

ing its whole existence, under the immediate personal direction
of Professor Henry, assisted by Professor Arnold Gayot, who,
in 1850, prepared atid published an exhaustive series of direc-
tions for meteorological observations, intended for the first
class observers co-operating with the Smithsonian Institution.

The seeds planted by the army in 1819 began to bear perfect
fruit fifty years later, when by act of Congress, in 1870, the
Secretary of War was authorized to carry into etfect a scheme
for '^ giving notice by telegraph and signals of the approach,
and force of storms," and the organization of a meteorological
bureau adequate to the investigation of American storms, and
their pre-announcement along the northern lakes and the sea-
eoast was, under the auspices of the War Department, trusted
to the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, Brig.-Gen. Albert
J. Myer, and a division, created in his office, was designated
as the ^^ Division of Telegrams and Reports for the Benefit of
Commerce."

By a subsequent act of Congress, approved June 10, 1872,
the Signal Service was charged with the duty of providing
snch stations, signals, and reports as might be found neces-
sary for extending its research in the interest of agriculture.
In 1873, the work of the bureau of the division having been
eminently successful, and its successes having been* recognized
abroad as well as in this country. Congress, by a further act,
authorized the establishment of signal-service stations at the
light-houses and life-saving' stations on the lake sea-coasts,
and made provision for connecting them with telegraph lines
or cables, ''to be constructed, maintained, and worked under
the direction of a chief signal officer of the Army, or the Secre-
tary of War and the Secretary of the Treasury," and in this
year also was begun the publication of a monthly Weather Re-
view, summarizing in a popular way all its data showing the
result of its investigations, as well as presenting these in
graphic weather charts.

In 1874 the entire system of Smithsonian weather observa-
tion in all parts of the United States was transferred by Pro-
fessor Henry to the Signal Service. A few months previously,
at the proposal of the Chief Signal Officer, in the International
Congress of Meteorologists convened at Vienna, the system of
world-wide co-operative simultaneous weather observations,
since then so extensively developed, was inaugurated, and be-
gan to contribute its data to the signal-office records. It is un-

100 • ABfERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

necessary to trace farther the history of the begiuning of the
meteorological work of the Signal Service, bat I doubt not
that every one at all familiar with its sabseqaent history,
under the leadership of Oene)*als Hazen and Greely, will agree
with the opinion of Judge Daly, the president of the American *
Geographical Society, when he said that '^nothing in the nature
of scientific investigation by the National Government has
proved so acceptable to the people, or has been so productive
in so short a time of such important results, as the establish-
m*ent of the Signal-Service Bureau."*

The sixth President, John Quincy Adams, a man of culture
broad and deep, found the presidency of the American Acad-
emy of Arts and Sciences so congenial to his tastes and sym-
pathies that he did not hesitate to say that he prized it more
highly than the chief magistracy of the nation. He considered
his most important achievement to be the '' Report on Weights
and Measures," prepared for Congress \n 1818, and was justly
proud of it, for it was a very admirable piece of scientific work,
and is still considered the most important treatise on the sub-
ject ever written.

John Quincy Adams revived Washington's national uni-
versity project, and made battle valiantly for an astronomical
observatory.

In his first message to Congress afterward, he said :

Amoug the first, perhaps the very first, instraineut for the improvemeDt
of the condition of men is knowledge; and to the acquisition of much of
the knowledge adapted to the wants, the comforts, and enjoymeuts of
hnman life, public institutions aud seminaries of learning arc essential.
So convinced of this was the first of my predecessors in this ofiice, now
first in the memory, as living he was first in the hearts, of our country, that
once and again, in uin addresses to the Congresses with whom he co-oper-
ated in the public service, he earnestly recommended the establishment of
seminaries of learning, to prepare for all the emergencies of peace and war,
a National University and a Military Academy. With respect to the latter,
had he lived to the present day, in turning his eyes to the institution at
West Point, ho would have enjoyed the gratification of his most earnest
wishes. Bnt in surveying the city which has been honored with his name,
he would have seen the spot of earth which he had destined aud bequeathed
to the use and benefit of his country as the site for a Uuiversity, still barp
and barren. t

* 188:^, History of the United States Signal Service, with catalogue of its
exhibit at the International Fisheries Exhibition. London, 1883 ; Wash-
ington City, 1883; octavo pp. 1-28,

tJohn Quincy Adams, in his diary for November, 1825, 4e8crjbe6 an inter-

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. 101

And again :

Connected with the establishment of a university, or separate from it,
might be undertaken the erection of an asth>nomical observatory, with
provision for the support of an astronomer, to be in constant attendance of
observance upon the phenomena of the heavens ; and for the x>«riodical
publioations of his observations. It is with no feeling of pride, as an Amer>
ican, that the remark may be made that, on the comparatively small terri-
torial surface of Europe, there are existing upward of one hundred and
thirty of these light-hoases of the skies; while throughout the whole
American hemisphere there is but one. If we reflect a moment upon the
discoveries which, in the last four centuries, have been made in the physi-
cal constitution of the universe by the means of th^e buildings, and of
observers stationed in them, shall we doubt of their usefulness to every
nation f And while scarcely a year passed over our heads without bring-
ing some new astronomical discovery to light, which we must fain receive
at Second-hand from Europe, are we not cutting ourselves oft* from the
means of returning light for light, while we have neither observatory nor
observer upon our half of the globe, and the earth revolves in perpetual
darkness to our ufisearohing ^yes f

This appeal was received with shoats of ridieale ; and the
proposal <'to establish a lighthouse in the skies" became a
common by-word which has scarcely yet ceased to be familiar.
So strong was public feeling that, in the year 1832, in reviving

view with his Cabinet, and the discussion which followed the reading of
his message before it was finally revised for sending to Congress.

'* Mr. Clay wished to have the recommendations of a National University
• • *• struck out » • * The Uuiversity, Mr. Clay said, was entirely
hopeless, and he thought there was something in the ponstitntional objec-
tion to it. * * * I concurred entirely in the opinion that no projects
absolutely impracticable ought to be recommended ; but I would look to a
practicability of a longer reign than a simple session of Congress. General
Washington hiad recommended the Military Academy more than ten years
before it was obtained. The plant may come late, though the seed should
be sown early. And I had not recommended a University. I had referred
to Washington's recommendations, and observed they had not been carried
into effect.''

Such opinions as these of Mr. Clay were evidently very much at variance
with those of John Quincy Adams and of his illustrious father, whose ac-
tion in the constitutional convention of Massachusetts has already been
referred to, and at variance as well, it would seem, with the opinion of the
early Republicans, as with those of the Federalists. The views of Wash-
ington and Madison, as well as those of Jefierson and Barlow, on these sub-
jects have already been referred to.

Mr. Adams, in commenting upon an address delivered by Edward Ever-
ett before the Columbian Institute, January 16, 1830, remarks :

"I regretted to hear a seeming admission that the powers of giving en-
Gooragemeut to literature and science were greater at least in State gov-
enimeuts than in that of the Union." Vol. vii., p. 171.

102 AMERICAN HISTORICAXi ASSOCIATION.

an act for the continuance of the sarvey of the coast, Congress
made a proviso, that ^< nothing in the act should be construed
to authorize the construction or maintenance of a permanent
astronomical observatory."*

Nothing daunted, Mr. Adams continued the struggle, and
while a member of the House of Representatives, after his pres-
idential term had expired, he battled for the observatory con-
tinually and furiously. An oration delivered by him in Cin-
cinnati, in/ 1843, closed with these words: .

Is there one tower erected to enable tfaekeeneyed observer of the heavenlj
vanlt to watch from ni^ht to night, through the circling year, the move-
ments of the starry heavens and their annumbered worlds? Look aroand
yon, look from the St. John to the Sabine, look from the mouth of the Nev-
ersink to the month of the Columbia, and you will find not one! or if one,
not of our erection.

A correspondent of the London AthensBum, writing from
Boston in May, 1840, spoke at length of the dearth of observa-
tories in the United States, and of the efforts of John Quincy
Adams to form a national astronomical establishment in con-
nection with the Smithsou bequest. The letter is of great in-
terest as showing the state of opinion on scientific matters in
America just half a century ago.

Boston, May, 1840.

One of the prominent sabjeots of disoassion among our savans is the estab-
lishment of observatories of a character suitable to our standing as a civ-
ilized nation, and still more to our exigencies as a practical, and esp'ectally
as a commercial copimuoity. I verily believe that the yearly damage and
destruction along our coast, for want of the securities which such instita-
tions would supply, out-balances, beyond comparison, all it would cost to
establish and maintain them in every principal city of the land. It is partly
a sort of electioneering economy which leaves things thus, and which has
hitherto refused or neglected to fit out exploring expeditions ; to acoumn-
late national treasures of art and science, and facilities for their prosecu-
tion ; and generally to pursue a system of ** in-breeding and cherishing/'
as Milton has it, *^ in a great people, the seeds of virtue and public ciyil-
ity ;'' excepting always what is done for the diffusion of elementary popu-
lar education. This education, to be sure, and this diffusion of it, we are
taught to regard as necessaries in our moral and social being— the ''staff

* It is interesting to know that in 1827, Mr. James Cofirtenay, of Charles-
ton, published a pamphlet, an urgent plea for the establishment of a naval
observatory. I am indebted to Mr. William A. Courtenay for the oppor-.
tunity to examine this rare tract, which has the following title :

1827. CouRTKXAY, James. An | Inquiry | into | the Propriety | of |
establishing | a | National Observatory. | == | By James Courtenay,
I of Charleston, South Carolina ^ = | — | Charleston, Printed by W.
Kiley, 125 Churcli-Street | — | 1827. 6^ pp. 1-24.—

.SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTI0H8 — QQODE. 103

of pnblio life ^ among as. . And we are right. It is so. Bat there are many
other things which we have not been taaght to appreciate as they deaerYe,
and the valae of which we have gradaally to grope oor way to. Their day,
however, will come ; though it can not be expected that either a govern-
ment or a people so yonthiul, so harried, so fluctaating, oan reach at <^oe
to the graces and the ''fair hoinanities " of the Old Worhh Remember
that the ''United States" are only some half-ceutary old ; and remember
what we have been obliged to do and to snfier meanwhile, and nnder what
circamstances. But, as I said before, the time is coming, if not come, when
t^e heart of the nation shall acknowledge what is the high duty and destiny
of aconntry like this ; and then, I need not tell you. all is accomplished. Con-
gieas and the Government mast always represent the general as well as the
political character of the nation. It will be refined, scientific, pablic-
spirited, or otherwise, as are the people. At this moment, as at all times,
the representative and the represented, bear this relation to each other as
intimately as might be expected from the natnre of oar institutions ; and
hence, from the signs which have appeared in the legislative bodies, I de-
rive hope, and feel authorized to say what I have said of the advance,
thfoagbout oar commanity, of what may be called the graceful and genial
system of civilization, as distinguished from the practical and hard. This
subject of observatories is quite in point. True, nothing has y et been done,
but then a good deal has been said; and that is much : it is, in fact, doing
much, in a case like this. It was something for Congress to bear being told
what they had neglected, and patiently to discuss the subject.

The priacipal agent in bringing the subject forward has been Ex-Presi-
dent Adams, who, as you may be aware, is still an M. C, at the age of
between suventy and eighty, and one of the halest and hardiest men in that
body. His spirit is equal to his iron constitution. He spares himself no
labor. So well is this understood that it has been of late rather a practice
to select the old gentleman for special burdens ; and there are mauy matters
of legislative action which he really understands better, or knows better at
least how to explore and determine, than any member of the House. Thus
the observatory business came upon him, at least indirectly ; for, to some
extent, he brought it on himself. You are, no doubt, familiar with the
the history of the great Smithsonian bequest. When that business came
before Congress, and especially as it was not a party one, all eyes were
turned on Mr. Adams, and he was appointed chairman of the committee.
In this capacity he has made saudry reports : the last and ablest reviews the
whole subject. In this he'labors to show what general appropriation ought
to be made of the fund — for that is not yet determined — and then to sustain a
special recommendation, which is, to devote the income for about ten years
to an observatory, to be founded on national land, at Washington, "adapted
to the most effective and continual observations of the phenomena of the
heavens, and to be provided with the necessary, best, and most perfect in-
struments and books for the periodical publication of the said observations,
and for the annual composition and publication of a Nautical Almanac."
The details of the plan may be omitted. Many, however, of the statistics
connected with them, are new to us here, and of iutet>e8t, including a re-
port on the British establishments, furnished, on request, by the Astrono-
mer Airy. To a greater extent (hese may be familiar to English readers,

104 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

bat perhaps not wholly bo. I hope they do not know, for example, haw
mnoh we deserve, as compared with other nations, the canstio strictures
and lectures of Mr. Adams, who really gives us no qu^ter, being resolved
not to spoil the child by sparing the rod, but rather fo provoke us to find
a remedy for the evils he describes. You yourself adverted, not long since,
to the state of things among us, but only in general terms. The facts are
these : They have a small observatory in process of erection at Tuscaloosa,
Ala., for the use of the university in that place. Professor Hopkins,
of Williams College, Massachusetts, has a little establishment of the sort,
and this is about all in that State — all in New England ! The only other
establishment in the United States, known to me, is that in the Western
Reserve College, Ohio, under the charge of Professor Loomis. Nothing of
the kind at our national seat of government, or anywhere near it ! Even
Harvard University,'' with all its antiquity, revenue, science, and renown,"
has thus far failed, though it appears that they are breaking gronnd at
Cambridge ; a house or houses having been purchased and fitted up, and
one of our '* savans'' is already engaged in a series of magnetic and other
observatious. Now, how stands the case on your side the water? Why»
in the British Islands alone, there are observatories at the Universities of
Cambridge and Oxford — at Edinburgh and Glasgow, in Scotland — and at
Dublin and Armagl^, in Ireland— ail receivjng some patronage from the
Government — to say nothing of an observatory at the Cape of Good Hope,
or of the establishments on the various remote and widely- separated de-
pendencies of the British Empire, including Van Dieman's Land, for the
furnishing of which, we nnderstand, arrangements have been made in con-
nection with Captain Ross's expedition. In France, I believe, the pro-
vision is not less ample. On this part of the subject Mr. Adams merely
remarks that the history of the Royal Observatory of that country would
show the benefits conferred on mankind by the slightest notice bestowed
on the ralers on the pursuit of knowledge, and that " the names of the
four Cassinis would range in honorable distinction by the side of Flams-
teed, Bradley, and Maskelyne."

Special reference is of course made to Greenwich, and Mr. Adams takes
much pains to show hoW much that institution has done for science and
for man. After recapitulating how to preserve observations, we are in-
debted for a fixed standard for the measurement of time, — how, by the
same science, man has acquired, so far as he possesses it, a staoAard for
the measurement of space, he observe, that th^ minutest of these Observa-
tions contribute to the ^'increase and diffusion of knowledge " (the ex-
pressed object in Sraithson's bequest). As to the more brilliant, we are
reminded of an observation of Voltaire, that if the whole huuian race
could be assembled from the creation of man to this time, in gradation of
genius, Isaac Newton would stand at their head; and the discoveries of
Newton were the results of calculations, founded on the observations of
others — of Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Kepler, and Fiamsteed. Greenwich
has been considered rather an expensive establishment (among us), but
Mr. Adams shows that, though costly, it has not been profitless.

Not to enter further into details of European countries, it appears that
there are about one huodred and twenty observatories in Continental
Europe; and that tbe mpst magnificent of them all has been lately founded

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — QOODE. 105

by ihe Cear in the Tioinity of hU capital: an enterprise 8affloiently«glori-
ooe, Mr. Adams observes, for tbe sovereign of sncb an empire; bnt tbe
merit of wbicb is enhanced by ^be fact of its being undertaken and aooom-
plisbed in such a latitude and climate : — '< a region so near tbe pole, tbat it
offers to tbe inspection of tbe human eye only a scanty portion of tbe
northern hemisphere, with an atmosphere so chilled with cold and ob-
acuved with vapors, that it yields scarcely sixty days in the year when ob-
servation of tbe heavenly bodies is practicable." This fact, it must be al-
lowed, is rather an aggravation, or ought to be, to us republicans, some
among whom affect to be special despisers of the bigoted Nicholas, and all
his works. It seems, too, that Mehemet Ali has come forward as the
patron of philosophical inquiry.

Thus matters stand at present, and Mr. Adams strongly urges prompt,
practical action; and this scheme, with some modifications, and after our
onstomary delays and discussions (in Congress) will be carried into execu-
tion, at least to a respectable extent. I am the more inclined to the
opinion as it has been made clear in the progress of discussion that the
establishments referred to need n^t be so enormously expensive as they gen-
erally are. In this matter we have been misled and discouraged by your
example, among others. We found that Cambridge observatory cost
£20,000, and tbat, among the instruments, tbe price of the mural circle
alone was over £1,000, lo say nothing of an equatorial telescope tit £750,
^or a transit instrument £600, and that as to Qreenwich, the annual ex-
penses, including salaries, repairs, and printing, exceeded £8,000. Now,
this may be ''sport for you," but it knocked our calculations on the head.
Our ideaa are not yet enlarged, to that extreme point. To be sure, we can
■pdnd money for Florida wars; nay, for belter things— for internal improve-
ments— for bridges over the Ohio River (St. Louis) or for market-bouses and
meeting-houses of most liberal dimensions — for whatever, in a word, is prac-
tical— as we nuderstand it — and especially so much of it as private enterprise^
can execute without calling in Government aid: — but ask for the adornments
and muniments of art and science, iu the ornamental or even in the scholar-
like way, and it must be acknowledged .the ''sovereign people'' move
slow; they button their breeches' pockets and begin to ^'calculate." As
to the Observiitories, however, the case is better, for we find that much
can be done at small expense. An establishment of the merely useful
kind may be set up for a trifle. Not that Mr. Adams proposes to establish
the National Observatory on such a scale. On the contrary, he thinks the
Smithson fund should be devoted to it for the present, and that not less
than ten years of the income will be required. A more explicit estimate
is also added, but it will be sufficient to observe that it comprises, besides
a salary of $3,600 for the astronomer, funds for the compensation of four
assistants, at flySOO each, and two laborers, each at |600; for the purchase
and procurement of instruments, |30,000; of which $20,000 might be ap-
plied for an assortment of the best instruments to be procured, and $10,000
for a fund, from the interest of which other instruments maybe from time
to time procured, and for repairs; for tbe library, $30,000; being $10,000
for first supply, and $20,000 for a fund for an income of $12,000 a year;
and finally $30,000 for a fund, from tbe income of which $1,800 a year,
sliall go to defray the expenses of the yearly publication of the observation
and of a Nautical Almanac.

X06 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSbqUTION.

It was the idea of Mr. Adams, in his later days, that the
Smithson beqaest, or, at least, its income for ten years, should
be applied to the fonndatiou of a national observatory and the
pablication of the '^ Nautloal Almanac," aud he only abandoned
it when an observatory had actually been established under
the Navy Department, in connection with the Department of
Charts aud Instruments.

The establishment of an observatory had, indeed, been prom-
inent in the minds of Washington and Jefferson, and was deft-
nitely proposed in Barlow's plan for a national institution, as
well as in the project for a coast survey, submitted in 1837, in
which it was proposed that there should be two observatories,
formed at a fixed point, around which the survey, aud particu-
larly the nautical part of it, should be referred, their situation
preferably to be in the State of Maine or lower Louisiana, since
from them every celestial object observable, from the tropics
to the Arctic circle, and within about twenty degrees of longi-
tude, could be observed. Still, however, since various consid-
erations might occasion the desire of placing one of these ob-
servatories in the city of Washington, just as observatories had
been placed in the principal capitals of Europe, as a national
object of scientific ornament as well as a means for nourishing
science in general, Hassler conceded that it might there be
placed, since it would then be the proper place for the deposit
of the standards of weights and measures, which also makes a
special part thecollection of instruments. JamesMonroe, when
Secretary of State, in 1812, strongly urged upon Congress the
establishment of an observatory, urging, first, the necessity of
establishing a first meridian for the continent, and, in the sec-
ond place, the fact that every enlightened nation had already
established such an institution of learning. The immediate occa-
sion for the intervention of the Secretary of State was the
memorial of William Lambert, of Virginia, which was presented
at various times from 1810 to 1821, and was accompanied by an
elaborate report in 1822.

The action of Congress during the Adams administration has
been referred to. In 1830, Mr. Vance, of North Carolina, Sec-
retary of the Navy under Jackson, strongly urged the estab-
lishment of an observatory for general astronomical purposes.

The beginning of the observatory seems to have been actu-
ally made on Capitol Hill during Mr. Adams's administration,
under instruction of Astronomers Lambert and Elliott, em-

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOODE.

107

ployed by Gongress to determine the longitude of Washington.
The President, in his diary of 1825, described a visit to Gapi-
tol Hill, in company with Golonel Boberdeau, and spoke of
witnessing an observation of the passage of the snn over the
meridian, made with a small transit instrument. This instru-
ment was very probably the one obtained by Hassler in Europe
in 1815, which he never was permitted to use in connection with
the coast survey work, and which passed into the hands of
Lieutenant Wilkes in 1834, when it was placed in the small ob-
servatory, erected at his own expense, about a thousand feet
north of the dome of the Gapitol.

It wasnt this establishment, which was known as the ^' naval
depot of instruments,'' that the five-foot transit was used, mainly
for the purpose of reading the naval chronometer. When
Wilkes went to sea with his expedition in 1837, Lieut. James
M. Oilliss became supelrintendent of the depot, and having ob-
tained a 42-inch astronomical telescope, commenced a series of
observations on the culmination of the moon and stars, In
1842 the establishment of a permanent depot of charts and
instruments was authorized by Gongress, and although the
establishment of an observatory was not authorijsed in the bill,
every effort was made by Lieutenant Gilliss and others inter-
ested in his work to secure suitable accommodations for astro-
nomical work, and his plans having been, approved by Presi-
dent Tyler, work was begun on the Kaval Observ%fcory, now
known as the National Observatory.

There can, be little doubt that the excellence of the work
done by Oilliss himself, with his limited opportunities, did
much to hasten the establishment of the observatory , and there
is in this connection a traditional history; Encke's Gomet
appeared in 1842, and was promptly observed by him. He
read a paper concerning it before the National Institute.
Senator Preston, an enthusiastic member of that organization,
was present at the meeting. When Oilliss, still a very young
man, shortly afterward made a visit to the Senate committee-
room, the Senator remarked to him : ^' If you are the one who
gave us notice of the comet, I will do all I can to help yon."

A week afterwards a bill passed the Senate and the House
without formal discussion. The appropriation was $25,000,
and although it was expressly for the establishment of a
depot of charts and instruments, the report of the commit-

108 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

tee which had secnred it was so emphatically in favor of
astroDomical, roeteorologica], and magnetic work that the
Secretary of the Xavy felt justified in assuming that Con-
gress had sanctioned the broadest project for an observatory.
Oilliss was at once sent abroad to obtain instruments and plans,
while Lient. Matthew F. Maury was placed in charge of the
depot, and when the observatory was completed in 1844 became
its superintendent.

Maury's attitude towards astronomical work has been
severely criticised, and, I think, misunderstood. He was,
first of all, an enthusiastic officer of the Navy ; second, an
astronomer, and he deemed it appropriate that the chief effort
of the office should be directed toward work which had a direct
professional bearing. Although not neglecting astronomy (for
under his direction two volumes of astronomical observations
were published), his own attention, and oftentimes that of
almost the entire office was devoted to hydrographic subjects.
The work which he had accomplished was of the greatest
practical importance to navigation, and nothing of a scientific
natute up to that time accomplished in America received such
universal attention and praise from abroad.

His personal popularity and his infiuence were very great,
and the necessity for the maintenance of a national observa-
tory was not in his day fullj^ appreciated by the public. It
is not aft all impossible that, indirectly, through his meteoro-
logical and hydrographic work, he may have done more for
the ultimate and permanent welfare of the ^N'ational Observa-
tory than could have been possible through exclusive attention
to work of a purely astronomical character.

In 1861 Gilliss again became the superintendent, and under
his direction the Observatory took rank among the first in the
world.

Before leaving the subject of the Observatory, reference
should be made to astronomical work almost national in char-
acter accomplished in colonial days at Philadelphia under the
direction of the American Philosophical Society, by which a
committee of thirteen was appointed to make observations
upon the transit of Venus in 1769.

Three temporary observatories were built, one in Phil^el-
phia, one at Norristown, and one at Cape Henlopen. Instru-
ments were imported from England, one of them a reflecting
telescope with a Dollond micrometer, purchased in London by

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOODE. 109

Dr. Franklin with money voted by the assembly of Pennsyl-
vania. The transit was saccessfnlly observed and an elaborate
report was published.

This enterprise is worthy of mention, beoause it was the first
serious astronomical work ever nndertaken in this conntry.
Being under the auspices of the only scientific society then in
existence, it was in some sense a national effort. Had not
the Revolution taken pla^e, it would undoubtedly have re-
salted in the establishment of a well equipped observatory in
this country under the auspices of the home government. Dr.
Thomas Ewing, the Provost of the University of Pennsyl-
vania, who seems to have been the first to propose the ob-
servations of 1769, and under whose direction they were
carried on, visited Loudon a few years later, and while there
made interest with Lord North, the Prime-Minister, and with
Mr. Maskelyne, the AstronomerBoyal, for the establishment
of an observatory in Philadelphia, and that his efforts gave
great promise of success may be shown by the letter here pre-
sented, addressed |;o him by Mr. Maskelyne in 1775.

Greenwich, Angusi 4, 1775.
Sir : I received yoar late favor, together with your observations of the
comet of 1770) and some (copies) of that of 1769, for which I thank yon.
I shall commuQioate (them) to the Royal Society as you give me leave.
In the present nnhappy sitnation of American affairs, I have not the least
idea that anything can be done towards erecting an observatory at Phila-
delphia, and therefore can not think it proper for me to take a part in any
memorial you may think proper to lay before my Lord North at present.
I do not mean, however, to discourage yon from presenting a memorial from
yourself. Wexe an observatory to be erected in that city, I do not know
any person there more capable of taking care of it than yourself. Should
Lord North do me the honor to ask my opinion about the utility of erecting
an observatory at Philadelphia, I should then be enabled to speak out,
being always a well-wisher to the promotion of science. You did not dis-
tinguish whether the times of your observations were apparent or mean
time.

I am, your most humble servant,

N. Maskelyne.
Bev. Dr. Ewing,

No. 25, Ludgate Street.

In this connection mention should be made of the extended
astronomical work done from 1763 to 1767, by Charles Mason,
an assistant of Maskelyne, and Jeremiah Dixon, while survey-
ing the bonudary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland,
and especially of the successful measurement by them of a

110 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

meridian of latitade. Mason was a man of hififh scientific stand-
ing, bnt, though he became a citizen of Philadelphia, where he
died in 1787, little is known of him beyond the record of his
scientific work. He had been one of the observers of a transit of
Yenns at the Cape of Good Hope in 1761, and it was no doubt
he who inspired the American Philosophical Society to its effort
in 1769.

Another event in the Adams administration was the begin-
ning of the National Botanic Garden. The foundation of such
an institution was one of the earliest of the projects tor the im-
provement of the capital. Washington decided that it should
be closely connected with the National IJnlversityi on the site
now occupied by the National Observatory, and stipulated that,
should this site not be found available, another spot of ground,
appropriated on the early maps to a marine hospital, might be
substituted. The Columbian Institute, already referred to,
had begun the formation of an arboretum as early as 1^22, and
in 1839 applied unsuccessfully to Congress for an appropria-
tion to re-imburse it for its expenditures. Th^re was, however,
no definite foundation until 1852, when the numerous living
plants which had been brought back by the Wilkes Exploring
Expedition in the Pacific, and which had for several years been
kept in greenhouses adjoining the Patent Office, in which the
natural-history collections of the expedition were kept, were
removed to the present site of the Botanical Garden on the
south side of Pennsylvania Avenue just west of the Capitol.
This garden was first under the direction of Mr. W. D. Brack-
enridge, who had been the horticulturist of the Wilkes Expe-
dition. Mr. Brackenridge was succeeded by Mr. William B.
Smith, a pupil of the Kew Botanical Garden, who has since
been in charge of the establishment, and through whose industry
it has been developed into a most creditable iustitutiou, which,
it is hoped, may in time have an opportunity to exhibit its merits
in a more suitable and less crowded locality.

Under Jackson, from 1829 to 1837, notwithstanding the re-
markable commercial prosperity', and an almost equal advance
in literature, science did not prosper, and of actual progress
there is little to record. The Coast survey was reorganized
under its original superintendent, Hassler, in 1832, and Fea^er-
stonehaugb, an English geologist, made, in 1834, a reconnois-
sance in the elevated region between the Missouri and the Bed
Biver.

80IENT1PIC INSTITUTIONS— OOODB; ^ 111

y&n Bnren's administration, which began in 1837 and ended
in 1841, presents more points of interest, for althongh the
conntry was in a state of ftnancial depression, his Oabinet was
composed of extremely liberal and pnblic-spirited men. Poin-
sett as Secretary of War, Kennedy as Secretary of the Navy,
and other public men did much to promote science.

The United States Exploring Expedition was sent out undef
Capt Charles Wilkes, on a voyage of circnmnavig&.tion. Al-
though published in an extremely limited edition, the magnifi-
cent volumes of its report are among the classics of scientific
exploration.

The Wilkes Expedition was the first of a series of naval ex-
plorations which have contributed largely to science— Lynch's
«* Dead Sea Expedition," Oilliss's '' Naval Astronomical Expe-
dition " to Chili, Herndon and Oibbons's ^^ Exploration of the
Valley of the Amazons, " Page's Paraguay Expedition, the
**Crui8eof the Dolphin," Perry's Japan Expedition, Kogers's
North Pacific Exploring Expedition, and the various expedi-
tions made under the Hydrographic Office and the Coast Sur-
vey.

In 1840 two important national societies were founded, the
National Institution for the Promotion of Science, and the
American Society of Geologists and !9aturalists, — the one an
association with a great membership, scientific and otherwise,
including a large number of. government officials ; the other
composed exclusively of professional naturalists.

The purpose of each was the advancement of the scientific
interests of the nation, which seemed more likely to receive
substantial aid, now that the money bequeathed by Smithson
was lying in the Treasury vaults, waiting to be used.

The National Institution under the leadership of Joel B.
Poinsett, of South Carolina, then Secretary of War, assisted by
General J. J. Abert, F. A. Markoe, and others, had a short but
brilliant career, which endured until the close of the Tyler
administration, and had an important influence on public
opinion, bringing about in the minds of the people and of Con-
gress a disposition to make proper use of the Smithson be-
quest, and which also did much to prepare the way for the
National Museum. The extensive collections of the National
Institution and those of the Wilkes Expedition, and other gov-
ernment surveys were in time merged with those of the Smith-
sonian Institution, and having been greatly increased at the

112 ^AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

close of the Oenteunial ExpositioD, began in 1879 to receive
sabstantial support from Congress.

The Society of Oeologists was not so prominent ^t the time,
but it has had a longer history, for in 1850 it became the Ameri-
can Association for the Advancement of Science. Although it
dated its origin from 1840, it was essentially a revival and con-
tinuation of the old American Geological Society , organized
September 6, 1S19, in the Philosophical Koom of Yale College,
and in its day a most impoitaut body. Its members, following
European usage, appended to their names the symbols '' M^ A.
6. S., ^ and among them were many distinguished men, for at
that time almost every one who studied any other branch of
science, cultivated geology also.

The American Association prepared the way lor the National
Academy of Sciences, which was established by Congress in
1863, having for its first president, Alexander Dallas Bache,
who in his presidential address at the second meeting of the
American Association, twelve year« before, had pointed out the
fact that ^^an institution of science supplementary to existing
ones is much needed to guide public action in reference toscien-
tiflc matters," * and whose personal influence was very potent
in bringing that institution into existence. In advocating be-
fore Congress the plan for the National Academy of Sciences,
Senator Sumner avowedly followed the lead of Joel Barlow, the
projector of the National Institution in 1806.t

The system of national scientific organizations, thus inaugu-
rated, is still expanding. Within the past few years, there
have sprung into existence a considerable number of learned
societies devoted to special subjects, usually with unlocalized

* '^ Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, 1851, " pp. CJ and 48.

tThe idea of an Academy of Sciences with unlocalized membership and, like
the Royal Society and the French Academy, holding advisory relations with
the general government, appears to have been present in the minds of many
of the early statesmen. Washington, in his project for a groat national uni-
versity, doubtless intended to include every thing of this kind. Joel Barlow
luid Thomas Jefferson at the beginning of the century were engage^ in oor-
reepondence *' about learned societies, universities and public instruction."
John Adams in a letter to Cutler, dated Quincy, May 1, 1802, referred to a
scheme for the establishment of a national academy of arts and sciences, in
which Mitchell, of New York, was interested, and which was to come up for
discussion at a meeting in that city in tl^e following month. Life of Hai)-
ass^h Cntjer, ii., p. 87.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOODE. 113

membership, and holding meetings from year to year in differ-
ent cities. Among these are those named below :

The American Anatomical Society.

The American Dialect Society.

The American Folk-lore Society.

The Amorican Greographical Society
(of New York) and the National

- Geographic Society (of Washing-
ton).

The American Geological Society.

The American Historical Association .

The American Institute of Mining
Engineers.

The American Meteorological So-
ciety.

The American Metrological Society.

The American Oriental Society.

The American Ornithologistfi* Union.

The American Philological Associa-
tion.

The American Physiological Society.

The American Society of Naturalists.

Tlie American Society for Psychical
Research.

The Archeeological Institu^ of Amer-
ica.

The Botanical Club of the American
Association.

The Franklin Institute.

That the organization of such societies had been so long de-
layed, was perhaps due to the fact that during the first six de-
cades of the century the number of scieutitic investigators was
comparatively small, and scientific work of original character
was confined to a few of the large cities, so that local organiza-
tions, supplemented by the annual summer meetings of the
American Associationfor the Advancement of Science, answered
all needs. Since the close of the civil war, and of the period of
ten years which elapsed before our country was restored to com-
mercial prosperity, and indeed ^before it had begun to fully feel
the effects of the great scientific renaissance which originated in
1869 with the publication of Darwin's " Origin of Species,'^ there
has been a great increase in the number of persons whose time
is chiefly devoted to original scientific work.

Nothing has contributed so materially to this state of affairs
as the passage by Congress in 1862 of the billf introduced by
the Hon. Justin b. Morrill, of Vermont, to establish scientific
^nd industrial educational institutions in every State, sup-
plemented in 18d7 by the Hatch bill for the founding of the
agricultural experimen t stations. * The movement was at first
nnpopnlar among American educators, but after a quarter of a
century of trial the land-grant college system has not only
demonstrated its right to exist, but is by many regarded as

* See App. D, and also A. C. Trne^s '^A Brief Account of the Experiment
Station Movement in the United States," U. S. Department of Agricnltnre,
Experiment Station BnUetin No. i, 1889, pp. 73-78,

S. Mis. 170 8

114 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

forming one of the chief strongholds of oar national scientific
prosperity. •

One of the most important effects of the movement has been
to stimnlate the establishment of State scientific schools and
universities, and every one of the forty-two commonwealths has
already a university or a college performing, or intended to
perform, university functions.

It is worthy of remark that with six exceptions every State
has in less than twenty years of its admission had a State col-
lege or university of its own. Only twelve have delayed moro
than ten years, and fifteen have come into the Union already
equipped. Ten of these were colonies and original States.
All bue one of the remainder were those admitted iu 1889, for
each of our four new States was provided with the nucleus
of a State university before it sought admission to the Union.
Twenty -eight of the State and Territorial universities had
their origin in laud-grants from the General Government other
than those for agricultural and mechanical colleges.!

The completeness of the State system of scientific educa-
tional institutions is in marked contrast with that of the sci-
entific societies in the same States, organized by the direct
action of the people rather than by government.

Academies of science bearing the names of the States of oar

f The following statements were made ia a report of the Committee of the
Hoase of Representatives, March 3; 1886 :

** The act appropriating script to theamonnt of 30,000 acres for each Sena-
tor and Representative in Cougross for the endowment of colleger for the
benefit of agricnlture and the mechanic arts, which was passed in 1862, has
been fruitful. Some of the States endowed single collegesi while others
divided the ^ift between two or three. There were 17,430,000 acres of
script and land granted, and the fund arising from their sales is $7,545,405.
This has been increased by gifts from the States and from benevolent indi-
viduals of grounds, buildings, and apparatus to the amount of |5, 000,000
more. And the last reports show that these colleges employed more than
four hundred professors, and had under instruction nioro than four thousand
students. This donation of the public funds haa been eminently profitable
for the Qovernment and the country. Many thousands of young men edu-
cated in science have already gone out from their colleges to engage in the
practical duties of life, and the provision is made for sending out a con-
tinued succession of these for all future time. And as science is not limited
by State boundaries, it makes but little difference for the common good
which of these institutions or States these graduates come from ; their at-
tainments are for the common good."

t See Appendix £, and also F. W. Blackmar's '' History of Federal and
State Aid to Higher Education," etc., Washington, 1800.

SCIENTIFIC INSIITUTIONS GOODE. 115

confederation and often sanctioned by their laws, may be re-
garded as in some sense national. Although nearly all of our
States have historical societies, only twelve of the forty-two
have academies of science, or organizations which are their
equivalent. That there should be in 1889 thirty States with-
out academies of science, and fourteen States and Territories
in which there are no scientific societies of any description what-
ever, is a noteworthy fact.*

During Van Buren's presidency, tiie Department of Agri-
culture had its formal beginning.

The chief promoter of this idea was Henry L. Ellsworth, of
Connecticut, Commissioner of Patents, whose efforts cnlmi>
nated twenty*six years later in the establishment of a depart-
ment, and, after another period of twenty-six years, in the
elevation of the head of that department to the dignity of a
Cabinet officer. Ellsworth began work by distributing seeds
and plants for experimental culture, acquiring these without
expense, and sending them out under the frauks of friendly
Congressmen. After three years (in 1839) Congress rebognized
the value of the work in this direction by appropriatiug $1,000
from the Patent Office fund to enable him to collect and dis-
tribute seeds, to collect agricultural statistics, and to make
agricultural investigations. Appointed by Jackson in 1836,
Ellsworth served through the two successive terms of Van

*Tiie following Is a list of those already in ezisteDce:

State Acadkmibs op Scibnck, etc.| 1890.

California, — The CaliforDia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, 1854.

Columbia, — The Affiliated Scientific Societies of Washington City ;
The Philosophical Society, 1871 ; The Anthropological Society, 1879 ;
The Biological Society, 1880 ; The Chemical Society, 1889 ; The Na-
tional Geographic Society, 1888.

Connecticut. — ^The Connecticnt Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1799.

Indiana. — The Indiana Academy of Sciences, 1885.

Iowa*— The Iowa Academy of Sciences, Iowa City, 1^5.

Kansas. — The Kansas Academy of Science, Topeka, 1868.

Marytand. — The Maryland Academy of Sciences, Baltimore, 1822.

Maisaohusetta. — The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston,
1780.

Minneaota, — ^The Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences^ Minne-
apolis, 1873.

Miuouri. — The St. Louis Academy of Science, St. Lonis, 1867. '

Kew York. — The New York Academy of Science, New York City, 1817.,

Prami^Jvaitta.— The American Philosophical Society, Philadel]^hia, 1743.

WiBconHn. — Wisconsin Academy of Arts, Science, and Letters, Madi*
BOD, 1870.

116 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION,

Buren aud Tyler, and in his nine years of official work his de-
votion to the interests of agricaltnre prodnoed excellent results,
and placed the service on a firm fonndation. Though ^N'ewton
wa8 in name the first commissioner of agriculture, Ellsworth
deserves to be kept in memory as the real founder of the de-
partment.

The appropriations at first were insignificant, and occasion-
ally, as in 184 1, 1842, and 1846, Congress seemn to have for-
gotten to make any provision whatever for the work, which
consequently went forward under difficulties. In 1853 the
first appropriation directly for agriculture was made, in 1855
the whole amount up to that time withdrawn for this pnrpose
from the Patent Office fund was re-imbursed, and from that
time on the money grants became yearly larger, and the work
was allowed slowly to expand. The seed work increased, and
in 1856 a propagating garden was begun. The agricultural
report, which began in 1841, and was until 1863 printed as a
part of that of the Patent Office, became yearly more exten-
sive, and showed a general average annual growth in value. In
1854 work in economic entomology began, with the appointment
of Townend Glover to investigate and report upon the habits
of insects, injurious and beneficial to agriculture. In 1855 the
chemical aud botanical divisions were inaugurated.

David P. Holloway, of Indiana, the thirteenth Commissioner
of Patents, was instrumental in effecting a most important re-
form in the scientific administration of the Government. In
his first annual report, made in January, 1862, he advocated
enthusiastically the creation of a Department of the Pro-
ductive Arts, to be charged with the care of agriculture and
all the other industrial interests of the country, and he was so
far successful that on May 15 Congress established the Depart-
ment of Agriculture. The first Commissioner was Isaac "Sew-
ton, who had been for a year or more Superintendent of the Agri-
cultural Division of the Paten t Office. From 1862 to 1 889 there
were six Commissioners : Newton (1862-'67), Capron (1867-'71),
Watts (l871-'77), Le Due (1877-'81), Loriug (1881-^85), and
Coleman (1885-'89), and under the administration of each
important advances were made, and the value of the work
became yearly greater. Buildings were erected, a chemical
laboratory established, the departments of animal industry,
economic ornithology and mammalogy, pomology, veget:ible
pathology, silk culture, microscopic, forestry, and experiment

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS QOODE. 117

stations were^ added, and the system of publications greatly
extended. The Department, as now organized, is one of the
most vigorous of our national scientilic institutions, and with
its powerful staff and close affiliations with the forty-six State
agricultural experiment stations, manned as they are by
nearly four hundred trained investigators, it has possibilities
for the future which can scarcely be overestimated.*

The term of the ninth President was too short to afford
matter for comment. It should be mentioned, h6w6ver, that
General Harrison published in Cincinnati in 1838 ^'A Discourse
on the Aborigines of the Valley of the Ohio," and was the only
' President, except Jefferson and John Quincy Adams, who has
ever produced a treatise upon a scientilic theme.

* The first agricultoral '' ezperimeut Btatioo " auder that specific desig-
nation ill the United States was established at Middletown, Conn., in 1875,
by the joint action of Mr. Orange J add, the trustees of the University at
Middletown, and the Stat-e Legislature, with Prof. W. O. Atwater, as
director, and was located in the '^Crauge Jadd Hall of Natural Science.''
The example was speedily followed elsewhere, so that in 1880 there were
four, and in 1886 some seventeen of these institutions in fourteen States.
The appropriation 1)y Congress of 1 15,000 per annum to each of the States
and Territories which havd established agricultural colleges, or agricul-
tural departments of colleges, has led to the establishment of new
statioua or the increased development of stations previously established
under State authority, so that there are to-day forty-six stations in the
United States. Several of these have sub-stations working under their
management. Every State has at least one station, several have two,
one has three, and Dakota has set the Territories an example by establish-
ing one within her boundaries.

These forty *six stations employ nearly 400 men in the prosecution of ex-
perimental inquiry. The appropriation by the ^United States Govern-
ment for the current year, for them and for the Office of Experiment Sta-
tions in this Department, is $G00,000. The several States appropriate
ab^nt $125,000 in addition, making the sum total of about $725,000 given
from public fnnds the present year for the support of agricultural experi-
ment stations in the United States.

'' Of all the scientific enterprises which the Government has under-
taken," wrote Secretary Colemau, '^ scarcely any other has impressed its
value upon the people and their representatives in the State and national
legislatures so speedily and so strongly as thin. The rapid growth of an
enterprise for elevating agriculture by the aid of science, its espousal by
the United States Government, its development to its present dimensions
in the short period of fourteen years, and, finally, the favor with which it
is receiveil by the public at large, are a striking illustration of the apprd-
ciatiou on the part of the American people of the wisdom and the use-
fulness of calling the highest science to the aid of the arts and industries
of life."

118 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCtAtlOK.

In 1841 John Tyler, of Virginia, became President. His pe-
riod of administration was a stormy one, and the atmosphere
of Washington at that time was not favorable for scientific
progress. Daring this administration, however, important re-
forms took place in the organization of the Navy, which resulted
in great benefit to science. These were largely the result of
the interest of Hon. A. P. Upshur, Secretary of the Navy, at
whose instance President Tyler abolished the existing Board
of Naval Commissioners, and vested the authority formerly
exercised by them in separate bureaus. To many of the press-
ing necessities for reform of the service. Lieutenant Maury
had called attention in his essays, published in the Southern
Literary Messenger j under the title of ^' Scraps from a Lucky
Bag," and over the signature of " Harry BluflF.'^- As a result
of this movement, experiments in applying steam to war ves-
sels were actively prosecuted, and the first bill was passed for
the establishment at Annapolis of the U. S. Naval Academy,
finally accomplished in 1845, and a little later (in 1848) the po-
sition of the professors of mathematics in the Navy was digni-
fied and improved, and their numbers limited, with manifest
advantage to the scientific service of the Government.*

Indirectb', the reorganization of the Navy had a powerful
influence in the development of the Coast Survey', which was
reorganized in 1843-'44, with Alexander Dallas Bache as its
superintendent, for this new system afforded ample means to
that organization for ascertaining the topography of this coast,
and making contributions to the science of ocean physics.

Another enterprise was the sendingof the Fremont exploring
expedition to California and Oregon. 1 1 is interesting to know
that Captain Fremont was appointed the leader of this expe-
dition against the Indignant protests of the topographical en-
gineers, who insisted that a graduate of West Point should be
chosen.t

• The narnea of W. K. Chanveuet, J. H. C. Coffin, Mordecal Yaniall, Jo-
seph Wiulock, Simou Newcoiub, Anaph Hall, William HarkDefM, and J. R.
EastmaQ are a few of thoso to be foand on this list of astronomers and math-
ematicians.

t The secrethistory of this appointment is told a8 follows by Dr. Silas Heed,

of Boston, In Lyon G. Tyler's *' Letters and Times of the Tylers " (ii, p. 696).

'* I called upon Mr. Tyler the next day and found him about as well pleased

over the result as I was, as it constituted a triumph that had never been

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — QOODE. 119

The final e8taY)li8hm6nt of the Naval Observatory took place
also at this time. The history of this enterprise from the scien-
tific stand-point, has already been discussed, but it may be well
to note that it derived its chief political support firom Mr. Up-
shnr, then Secretary of the Navy.*

achieved before (nor since), ae shown by the annals of the Senate. While
la this pleasant mood, the President asked me if I could not suggest some
means by which he might soften the asperities of Senator Benton towards
him and hiH administration. In an instant the thought passed through my
mind as to how he could best accomplish his wish. I said, ** You have it
in your power ^ touch his heart through his domestic afflictions. Six
months ago his pride was humbled by the marriage of his highly educated
daughter, Jessie, to a mere lieutenant of the United States Engineer Corps,
and he refused them his house, I have just learned that lately he invited
them to return to his home, and know they have done so. Now, you have a
chance to gladden the Senator's pride and by so doing serve both yourself
and the country by taking Lieutenant Fremont by the hand and giving^
him a chance to rise in the world by appointing him to head an expedition
to explorethe Rocky Mountains and some part of the Pacific coast."

Mr. Tyler thought it might stir an excitement with the higher grade offi-
cers of the engineer corps (as it did), and that he might not be fully com-
petent to execute the high duties entrusted to him. I replied that these
objections need not preyent his appointment, for Lieutenant Fremont had
■pent the last two years aiding the eminent French scientist, Nicollet, in
taking the hydrography of the valley of the Mississippi, and must be familiar
with all instruments and modes of using them in such an expedition, and
even if he should not prove judicious in selecting scientific men suitable
for that part of his corps, he would have the able assistance of Colonel
Benton and his talented wife to fall back upon ; and that Senator Benton,
on the return of Mr. Fremont, would receive, examine, and present his re-
port to the Senate, and take great pride in making an eloquent speech of
it (as he did), and thus cause the American reader to examine and well
consider its instructive contents, all of which events took place, and the
report of his first, if not his second, expedition gained sufficient notoriety
to insure its republication in Qerman.

At the close of our interview the President, in his most earnest manner,
said : " I will at once appoint Lieutenant Fremont to the head of such an
expedition and start him off this spring, so that the country may know as
soon as possible what to say and believe of that vast and unknown region,
and I shall learn how much effort to expend in striving to acquire it by
purchase from Mexico by the time that Texas can be annexed."

Fremont ma4e ready to start from St. Louis with his expedition as soon
as there was green grass to subsist his auimals upon, with an outfit of fifty
to sixty men; after leaving Independence, &Io., he moved up the Platte
Biver and its north branches to the old " South Pass," and thence to the
bead waters of Snake (or Letv is) River, and]down it and the Columbia River
to Astoria, thus avoiding Mexican territory, but kept close along its north-
ern l>order until after he entered Oregon Territory.

• " Letters and Times of the Tylers," by Lyon Gardner Tyler, ii p. 387.

120 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

To this period belongs also the promotion of experiments
with the electric telegraph by our Government. The line from
Washington to Baltimore was erected by means of an appro-
l>riation of $30,000, the passage of which was warmly urged
by the President, who fifteen years later wrote the following
letter, full of historical reminiscences.

Sherwood Forest, September 1, 1S58.

To his honor the mayor ^ and to the honorable the common council
of the city of New York :

Gentlemen : In consequence of my absence from this place.
I did not receive until to-day your polite invitation to be pres-
ent at the festivities of today, and the municipal dinner to be
given to Cyrus W. Field, esq., and others at the Metropolitan
Hotel to-morrow, in commemoration of the laying of the '< At-
lantic cable." To be present, therefore, at the time appointed
is a thing impossible. All that I can do is to express my cor-
dial concurrence with yon in according all praise to those
through whose indomitable energy this great work has been
accomplished.

When, in 1843, a modest and retired gentleman, the favored
child of science, called upon me at the Executive Mansion, to
obtain from me some assurance of my co-operation with him
in procuring from Gon&ress a small appropriation to enable
him to test his great invention ; and when at an after-day I had
the satisfaction of placing my signature in approval of the act
making an appropriation of $30,000, to enable him to connect
Washington with Baltimore by his telegraph wire; and when
at a still later day I had the pli;asure, from the basement of the
Gapitol to exchange greetings with the Chief-Justice of the
United States, who was at the Baltimore end of the line, I con-
fess that it had not entered my mind that not only was light-
ning to become the messenger of thought over continents of
dry land, but that the same all pervading agent was to descend
into the depths of the ocean, far below the habitations of living
things, and over these fathomless depths to convey, almost in
the twinkling of an eye, tidings from nation to nation, and con-
tinent to continent. To the great inventor of this, the greatest
invention, is due the laurel wreath that can never wither, and
to those that have given it a habitation and a home in the
waters of the great deep all praise is due.

With sentiments of high consideration, I have the honor to
be, most respectfully and truly yours, etc.,

John Tyler.

President Polk served from 1845 to 1849. During this period
was organized the Smithaouian Institution, which, though it
l)ears the name of a private citizen and a foreigner, has been
for nearly half a century one of the principal rallying points
of the scientific workers of America. It has also been inti-

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOOPE. .121

mately conQectod with very mauy of the most important scieD-
lific undertakiugs of the Ooveromeht.

Mauy wise and eolightened scholars have given to the Smith-
sonian Institution the best years of their lives, and some of the
most eminent Bcientific men of our country have passed their
entire life-time in work for its success. Its publications, six hun-
dred and seventy in number, which when combined make up
over one hundred dignified volumes, are to be found in every
important library in the world, and some of them, it is safe to
say, on the working-table of every scientific investigator in
the world who can read English.

Through these books, through the reputation of the men who
have worked for it and through it, and through the good ac-
complished by its system of international exchange, by means
of which within the past thirty-eight years 1,262,114 packages
of books and other scientific and literary materials have been
distributed to every region of the earth, it has acquired a repu-
tation at least as far-reaching as that of any other institution
of learning in the world.

No one has been able to show why Smithson selected the
United States as the seat of his foundation. He had no ac-
quaintances in America, nor does he appear to have had any
books relating to America except two. Bhees quotes from one
of these, ^< Travels through North America," by Isaac Weld,
secretary of the Boyal Society, a paragraph concerning Wash-
ington, then a small town of five thousand inhabitants, in which
it is predicted that '^ the Federal city, as soon as navigation
is perfected, will increase most rapidly, and that at a future day,
if the affairs of the United States go on as rapidly as they have
done, it will become the grand emporium of the West, and rival
in magnitude and splendor the cities of the whole world.'^

Inspired by a belief in the future greatness of the new
nation, realizing that while the needs of England were well
met by existing organizations such as would not be likely to
spring up for many years in a new, poor, and growing country,
he founded in the new England an institution of learning, the
civilizing power of which has been of incalculable value. Who
can attempt to say what the condition of the United States
would have been today without this bequest!

In the words of John Quincy Adams:

Of all ihe foundations of establishments for pious or charitable uses which ever
Hifnaliged the spirit of the age^ or the comprehensive beneficence of the founder,
none can be named more deserritig the approbation of mankind.

122 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

The most important service by far which the Smithsonian
Institution has rendered to the nation has been that from year
to year since 1846 — ^intangible, but none the less appreciable —
has been its constant cooperation with the Government, public
institutions, and individuals in every enterprise, scientific or
educational, which needed its advice, support; or aid from its
resources.

There have been, however, material results of its activities,
the extent of which can not fail to impress any one who will
look at them ; the most important of these are the library and
the museumy which have grown up under its fostering care.

The library has been accumulated without aid from the Treas-
ury of the United (States : it has, in fact, been the result of an
extensive system of exchanges, the publications of the institu-
tion having been used to obtain similar publications from insti-
tutions of learning in all parts of the world.

In return for its own publications the Institution has received
the great collection of books which form its library.

This library, consisting of moi*e than a quarter of a million
volumes and parts of volumes, has for over twenty years been
deposited at the Capitol as a portion of the Congressional Li-
brary, and is constantly being increased. In the last fiscal year
nineteen thousand titles were thus added to the national collec-
tion of books.

Chiefly through its exchange system the Smithsonian had, in
1865, accumulated about forty thousand volumes, largely publi-
cations of learned societies, containing the record of the actual
progress of the world in all that i>ertains to the mental and
physical development of the human family, and affording the
means of tracing the history of at least every branch of positive
science since the days of revival of letters until the present
time.

These books, in many cases presents from old European
libraries, and not to be obtained by purchase, formed even then
one of the best collections of the kind in the world.

The danger incurred from the fire of thnt year, and the fact
that the greater portion of these volumes, being unbound and
crowded into insufficient space, could not be readily consulted,
while the expense to be incurred for this binding, enlarged
room, and other purposes connected with their use threatened
to grow beyond the means of the Institution, appear to have
been the moving causes ^hich determined the regents to accept

SClENTlMC INSTITUTIONS— GOODfi. 123

an arrangement by wbich Oongress was to place the Smith-
sonian library with its own in the Capitol, subject to the right
of the Regents to withdraw the books on paying the charges
of binding, etc. Owing to the same causes (which have affected
the library of Congress itself) these principal conditions, ex-
cept as regartls their custody in a fireproof building, have never
been fulfilled.

The books are still deposited chiefly in the Capitol, but
though they have now increased from 40,000 to fully 250,000
volumes and parts of volumes, forming one of the most val-
uable collections of the kind in existence, they not only re-
main unbound, but in a far more crowded and inacessible con-
dition than they were before the transfer. It is hardly neces-
sary to add that these facts are deplored by no one more than
by the Librarian of Congress.

The purchasing power of the publications of the Institution,
when ofifored in exchange, is far greater than that of money,
and its benefit is exerted chiefly iu behalf of the National
Library, and also, to a considerable extent, in behalf of the
National museum.

The amount expended during the past forty years from the
private fund of the Institution, in the publicatiou of books for
gratuitous distribution, has been $350,000, a sum nearly half
as great as the original Smithson bequest.

These pnblications have had their influence for good in
many ways, but iu addition to this, a library much more than
equal in value to the outlay has, through tbeir buying power,
come into the possession of the nation.

In addition to all this, a large amount of material has been
acquired for the Museum by direct expenditure from the pri-
vate fund of the Smithsonian Institution. The value of the
collections thus acquired is estimated to be more than equal
to the whole amount of the Smithsonian bequest.

The early history of the Museum was much like that of the
library. It was not until 1858 that it became the authorized
depository of the scientific collections of the Government — and
it was not until after 1876 that it was ofiicially recognized as
the National Museum of the United States.

But for the provident foretliought of the organizers of th«
Smithsonian Institution, the United States would probably
still be without even a reputable nucleus for a National Mu-
seum, or a scientific library.

124 AMERICAN mSTORICAL ASSOCIATION

For nearly half a centary the f ostitution has been ihe object
of the watchful care of many of America's most enlightened
public men. Vice-Presidents Fillmore and Dallas, and Boger
B. Taney, Salmon P. Chase, Morrison B. Waite, and Melville
W. Faller, chief-Justices of the United States, have in succes-
sion occupied the Chancellor's chair. George Bancroft, John C.
Breckinridge, Lewis Cass, Bufns Ohoate, Samuel S. Cox,
Schuyler Colfax, Garrett Davis, Jefterson Davis, Stephen A.
Douglas, William H. English, William P. Fessenden, James
A. Garfield, Hannibal Hamlin, Henry W. Hilliard, George P.
Marsh, James M. Mason, Justin S. Morrill, Robert Dale Owen,
James A. Pearce, William C. Preston, Kichard Bush, General
W. T. Sherman, Lyman Trumbull, and William A. Wheeler
have been at various times leaders in the deliberations of the
Board of Begents.

The representatives of science on the board, Professor Agas-
siz, Professor Bache, Professor Coppee, Professor Dana, General
Delafleld, Professor Felton, Profvssor Gray, Professor McLean,
General Meigs, President Porter, General Totten, and Dr. Wel-
ling have usually held office for Um^^ pei iods of years, and have
given to its affairs the most careful attention and thought.

The relation of the Smithsonian Institution to the Govern-
ment has been unique and unparalleled elsewhere. No one
will question the assertion that the results of fts work have
been far wider than those which its annual reports have ever
attempted to show forth.

During the administration of Van Buren and the succeeding
ones. Governmental science, stimulated by Bache, Henry, and
Maury, scientific administrators of a new and more vigorous
type than had been previously known in Washington, rapidly
advanced, and prior to 1861 the institutions then existing had
made material progress.

Those of more recent growth, such as the Army Medical
Museum, founded in 1863,* the Bureau of Education, founded
in 1867,f the Fish Commission, founded in 1870,| the Bureau of

*See J. 8. Billings: *^ Medical Museums, with Special Reference to the
Army Medical Museum at Washington.'' President's address, delivered
before the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons, September S30,
1888.

tSee the eighteei: annnal reports of the Commission of Education.

tSee 0. Brown Qoode: ^* The Status of the U. S. Fish Commission in
1884," etc. Washington, l«c;4.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOODE. 125

Ethnology, founded in 1879,* although not less important than
many of those already discussed, are so recent in origin that
the events connected with their development have not passed
into the domain of history.

The material results of the scientific work of the Government
during the past ten years undoubtedly surpass in extent all
that had been accomplished during the previous hundred years
of the independent existence of the nation. With this recent
period the present paper has no concern, for it has been written
from the stand-point of Carlyle, who, in "Sartor Resartus,''
states hiR belief that "in every phenomenon the beginning
remains always the most notable moment."

It is neverthless very encouraging to be assured that the
attitude of our Government toward scientific and educational
enterprises is every year becoming more and more in harmony
with the hopes of the founders of our Bepublic — ^and in accord
with the views of such men as Washington, Franklin, Jefferson,
John Adam's, Madison, Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Gallatin,
and Bush.

It is also encouraging to know that the national attitude to-
ward science is the subject of constant approving comment in
Europe. Perhaps the most significant recent utterance was
that of Sir Lyon Piayfair in his address before the British
Association for the Advancement of Science, at the Aberdeen
meeting. He said :

On September 14, 1859, 1 sat on this platform and listened to the eloquent
address and wise counsel of the Prince Consort. At one time a member of
the honsehold, it was my privilege to co-operate with this illastrious prince
in many qaestions relating to the advancement of science. I natnrall}'.
therefore, tnrned to his presidential address to see whether I might not
now continue those connaels which he then gave with all the breadth and
comprehensi veness of his masterly speeches. I fonnd, as I expected, a text
■for my own discourse in some pregnant remarks which he made upon the
relation of science to the State. They are as follows : '^ We may be justified
in hoping * » * that the legislature and the State will more and moro
recognize the claims of science to their attention, so that it may no longer
require the begging-box» but speak to the State like a favored child to its
parent, sure of his paternal solicitude for its welfare; that the State will
recognize in science one of its elements of strength and prosperity, to foster
which the clearest dictates of self-interest demand.''

This opinion, in its broadest sense, means that the relations of science to
the State should be made more intimate because the advance of science is
needful to the public weal.

* See the six annual reports of the Bureau, and the Smithsouiau reports,
1879-'8S.

126 AMERICAN UISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

The importance of promoting science as a dnty of statecraft was well
enongb known to tbe ancients, especially to the Greeks and Arabs, but it
ceased to be recognized in the dark ages, and was lost to sight during tbe
revival of letters in the fifteenth and sixteenth centnries. Germftny and
France, which are now in snch active competition in promoting science,
have only publicly acknowledged its national importance in recent times.
Even in the last century, though Franco had its Lavoisier and Germany its
Leibuitz, their Governments did not know the value of science. When the
fonirer was condemned to death in the Reign of Terror, a petition was pre-
sented to the rulers that his life might be spared for a few weeks in order
tiiat he might complete some important experiments, but tbe reply was :
"The Republic has no need of savants./' Earlier in the century the mnch-
praised Frederick William of Prussia shonted with a loud voice, during a
graduation oeremonyin the Universit'y of Frankfort: '* An ounce of mother-
wii is worth a ton of university wisdom." Both France and Germany are
now ashamed of these utterances of their rulers, and make energetic
efforts to advance science with the aid of their national resources. More
remarkable is it to see a young nation like the United States reserving
150,000,000 acres of national lands for the promotion ot scientific education.
In some respects this young country is in advance of all European nations
in joining science to its administrative offices. Its scientific publications
are an example to other Governments. The Minister of Agriculture is sur-
rounded with a staff of botanists aud chemists. The Home Secretary is
aided by a special scientific commission to investigate the habits, migra-
tions, aud food of fishes, and the latter has at its disposal two specially
constructed steamers of large tonnage.

In the United Kingdom we are just beginning to understand the wisdom
of Washington's farewell address to his countrymen when he said : ** Pro-
mote, as an object of primary importance, institutions for the increase and
diffusion of knowledge ; in proportion as the structure of a government
gives force to public opinion, it is essential t&at public opinion should be
enlightened."

APPENDIX A.

PLAN OF A FEDERAL UMIVEBSITT.

[From tiM Pent%§ylvania QauUe, 1768. Qaoted in the MiU8aehu$eU9 (kntiMl, Saturday.

Nov. 29, 1788.]

''Your government can not be executed, it is too extensive for a repub-
lick ; It is contrary to the habits of the people,'' say the enemies of the
Constitution of the United States. However opposite to the opinions and
wishes of a majority of the citizens of the United States those declara-
tions and predictions may be, they will certainly come to pass, unless the
people are prepared for our new form of government, by an education
adapted to the new and peculiar situation of our country. To effect this
great and necessary work, let one of the first acts of the new Congress be,
to establish, within the district to be allotted for them, a Federal Univer-
sity, into which the youth of the United States shall be received after

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOODE. 127

they hare finished their stmlies and taken degrees in the colleges of their
respective States. In this University ]et those branches of literatare only
be taught which are calcnlated to prepare oar youtli for public and civil
life. These branches should be taught by means of lectures, aud the fol-
lowing arts aud sciences should be the subject of them :

1. The principles and forms of government applied in a particular man-
tier to the explanation of every part of the Constitution and laws of the
United States, together with the laws of nature and nations, which last
should include everything that relates to peace, war, treaties, ambassa-
donrs, and the like.

2. History, both ancient and modem, and chronology.

3. Agriculture in all numerous and extensive branches.

4. The principles and practice of manufactures.

5. History, principles, objects, and channels of commerce.

6. Those parts of mathematics which are necessary to the division of
property, to finance, and to the principles and practice of war— for there
is too much reason to fear that war will continue, for some time to come, to
be the unchristian mode of deciding disputes between Christian nations.

7. Those parts of natural philosophy and chemistry which admit of an
application to agriculture, manufacture, commerce, and war.

8. Natural History, which includes the history of animals, vegetables,
and fossils. To render instrnctiou in these branches of science easy, it
will be necessary to establish a museum, and also a gardeu, iu which not
only all the shrubs, etc., but all the forest trees of the United States should
be cultivated. The great Linnaeus of Upsal enlarged the commerce of
Sweden by his discoveries in natural history, he once saved the Swedish
Navy by finding out the time in which a worm laid its eggs and recom-
mending the immersion of the timber of which the ships were built at that
season wholly under water. So great were the services this illustrious
naturalist rendered his country by the application of his knowledge to
agriculture, manufacture, and commerce, that the present King of Sweden
pronounced an enlogium upon him, from his throne, soon after his death.

9. Philology, which should include, under rhetoric aud criticism, lectures
upon the construction and pronunciation of the English language. In-
struction in this branch of literature will become the more necessary in
America, as our intercourse must soon cease with the bar, the stage, and
the pulpits of Great Britain, from whence we receive our knowledge of the
pronunciation of the English language. Ev(mi modern English books
should oease to be the models of stile in the United States. The present
is the age of simplicity in writing in America. The turgid stile of John-
son, the purple glare of Gibbon, and even the studied and thickest meta-
pbours of Junius are all equally unnatural, and should not be admitted
into our conntry. The cultivation and perfection of our language becoiiies
a matter of consequence when viewed in another light. It will probably
be spoken by more people in the course of two or three centuries than ever
spoke any one language at one time since the creation of the world. When
we consider the influence which the prevalence of ouly two languages, viz,
the English and the Spanish, in the extensive regions of North aud South
America, will have upon manners, commerce, knowledge, and civilization,
scenes of human happiness and glory open before us which elude from
their magnitude the utmost grasp of the human understanding.

128 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

10. The German and French languages should be tanght in this Uuiver-
sity, the many excellent books wliich are written in both these languages
upon all subjf^cts, more especially n{K>n those which relate to the advance-
ment of national improvements of all kinds, will render a knowledge of
them an essential part of the edncatio<i of a legislator of the United Stat-es.

U. All those athletick and manly exercises should likewise be tanght in
the University which are calculated to impart health, strength^ and ele-
gance to the human body.

To render the instruction of our youth as easy and extensive as xH>B8tble
in several of the above mentioned branches of literature, let four j'onng
men of good education and active minds be sent abroad at public ex-
pense, to collect and transmit to the professors of the said branches all the
improvements that are daily made in Europe in agriculture, manufactures,
and commerce, and in the arts of war and practical government, this
measure is rendered the more necessary from the distance of the United
States from Europe, by which means the rays of knowledge strike the
United States so partially that they can be brought to a useful focus, only
by employing suitable men to collect and transmit them to our conntry.
It is in this manner that the northern nations of Europe liave imported so
ranch knowledge from their southern neighbors, that the history of the
agriculture, manufactures, commerce, revenuai, and milicary art of one of
these nations will soon be alike applicable to all of them.

Besides sending four young men abroad to collect and transmit kuo\rledge
for the benefit of our country, two young men of suitable capacities should
be employed, at the public expense, in exploring the vegetable, mineral,
and animal productions of our country, in procuring histories and samples
of each of them, and in transmitting them to the Professor of Natural His-
tory. It is in consequence of the discoveries made by young gentlemen em-
ployed for these purposes, that Sweden, Denmark, and Russia have ex-
tended their manufactures and commerce so as to rival in both the oldest
nations in Europe.

Let the Congress allow a liberal salary to the Principal of this Univer-
sity. Let it be his business to govern the students, and to inspire them by
his conversation and by his occasional publick discourses, with federal and
patriotic sentiments. Let this Principal be a man of extensive education,
liberal manners, and dignified deportment.

Let the Professors of each of the branches that have been mentioned
have a moderate salary of 150 or 200 pounds a year, and let them depend
upon the number of their pupils to supply the deficiency of their mainte-
nance Ironi their salaries. Let each pupil pay for each course of lectores
two or three guineas.

Let the degrees conferred in this University receive a new name, that
shall designate the design of an education for civil and publick life. Should
this plan of a Federal University, or one like it, be adopted, then will begin
the golden age of the United States. While the business of education in
Europe consists in lectures upon the ruins of Palmyra and the antiquities
of Herculanenm ; or in dispute about Hebrew points, Greek particles, or
the accent and quantity of the Roman language, the youth of America will
be employed in acquiring those branches of knowledge which increase the
convenience of life, lessen human misery, improve our country, promote

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS QOODE. 129

population, exalt tbe human anderstanding, aad establish domestick, social,
and political happiness.

Let it not be said, that this is not the time for such a literary and politi-
cal establiehment. Let ns first restore pnblick credit, by fanding or paying
onr debts— let ns regulate oar militia— let us build a navy —and let ns pro-
tect and extend our commerce. After this we shall have leisure and money
to establish a University for the purposqp that have been mentioned. This
is false reasoning. We shall never restore pnblick credit — regnlate our mi-
litia— build a navy— or revive onr commerce, until we remove the ignorance
and prejudices, and change the habits of onr citizens, and this can never
be done until we inspire them with federal principles, which can only be
effected by our young men meeting and spending two or three years to-
gether in a National University, and afterwards disseminating their knowl-
edge and priuciples through every county, town, and village of the United
States.' Until this is done —Senators and Representatives of the United
States, yon will undertake to make bricks without straw. Tour supposed
nnion in Congress will be a rope of sand. The inhabi tan is of Massachusetts
began the business of government by establishing the University of Cam-
bridge, and the wisest Kings in Europe have always found their literary
institutions thesnreet means of establishing their power, as well as promot-
ing the prosperity of their people.

These hints for establishing the constitution and happiness of the United
States upon a permanent foundation are submitted to the friends of the
federal government, in each of the States, by a Private Citizen of Penn-
sylvania.

APPENDIX B.

▲DDRB68 TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES, BT BENJAMIN RUSH,

M. D., 1787.

IReprinted from Niles's, "Principles and Acts of the Bevolntion in America, "pp. 402-404.]

There is nothing more common than to confound the terms of American
Revolution with those of the late American war. The American war is over,
but this is far from being the case with the American Revolution. On the
contrary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed. It remains
yet to establish and perfect our new forms of government, and to prepare
the principles, morals, and manners of our citizens for these for^ of gov-
ernment after they are established and brought to perfection.

The confederation, together with most of our State constitutions, was
formed under very unfavorable circumstances. We had Just emerged from
a corrupted monarchy. Although we understood perfectly the principles
of liberty, yet most of us were Ignorant of the forms and combinations of
power in republics. Add to this, the British army was in' the heart of our
conntry, spreading desolation wherever it went ; Our resentments, of course,
were awakened. We deserted the British name, and, unfortunately, re-
fused to copy some things in the administration of justice and power in the
British government which have made it the envy and admiration of the
world. In our opposition to monarchy, we forgot that the temple of tyranny

8- Mis. 170 9 •

130 AMEBIC AN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

bas two doors. We bolted one of them by the proper vestraintSi but ve
left the other open by neglecting to guard against the effects of oar own
ignorance and lioentionsnees. Most of the present difficalties of this conn-
try arise from the weakness and other defects of our governments.
' My business at present shall be only to suggest the defects of the confed-
eration. Theseconsist—lst. In the deficiency of coercive power. 2d. In a
defect of exclasive power to isfue paper money and regulate commerce.
3d. In vesting the sovereign power of the United States in a single legisla-
ture ; and, 4th, in the too frequent rotation of its members.

A convention is to sit soon for the purpose of devising means of obviating
part of the two first defects that have b^n mentioned. But I wish they may
add to their recommendations to each State, to surrender up to Congress
their power of emitting money. In this way, a uniform currency will be
produced, that will facilitate trade, and help to bind the States together.
Nor will the States be deprived of large sums of money by this mean, i^hen
sadden emergencies require it, for they may always borrow them, as they did
daring the war, oat of the treasury of Cpngress. Even a loan office may be
better institntiCd in this way in each State than in any other.

The two last defects that have been mentioned are not of less magnitude
than the first. Indeed, the single legislature of Congress will become more
dangerous from an increase of power than ever. To remedy this, let the
supreme federal power be divided, like the legislatures of most of our States,
into two distinct, independent branches. Let one of them be styled the
Council of the States, and the other the Assembly of the States. Let the
first consist of a single delegate, and the second of two, three, or four dele-
gates, chosen annually by each State. Let the President be chosen annually *
by the Joiht ballot of both Houses, and let him possess certain powers, in
conjunction with a privy council, especially the power of appointing most
of the officers of the United States. The officers of the United States. The
officers will not only be better when appointed in this way, but one of the
principal causes of faction will be thereby removed from Congress. I ap-
prehend this division of the power of Cdbgress will become more necessary
as soon as they are invested with more ample poweirs of levying and ex-
pending the public money.

The custom of turning men out of i)ower or office as soon as they are qual-
ified for it has been found to be as absurd iu practice as it is virtuous to
dismiss a general, a physician, or even a domestic, as soon as they have ac-
quired knowledge sufficient to be useful to us, fur the sake of increasing the
number of able generals, skilful physicians, and faithful servants f We do
not. Government is a science, and can never be perfect in America until
we encourage men to devote not only three years but their whole lives to it.
I believe the principal reason why so many men of abilities object to serv-
ing in Congress is owing to their not thinking it worth while to spend three
years in acquiring a profession which their country immediately afterwards
forbids them to follow.

There are two errors or prejudices on the subject of government in Amer-
ica which lead to the most dangerous consequences.

It is often said " that the sovereign and all other power is seated in the
people.'' This idea is unhappily expressed. It should be, ** all power is
derived /rom the people " ; they possess it only on the days of their elections.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS GOODE. 131

After thiB, it is the property of their ralers ; nor con they exercise or resame
ft, anless H be abased. It is of importance to ciroalate this idea; as it leads
to order and good govemmeut.

The people of America have mistaken the meaning of the word sovereignty,
hence each State pretends to be sovereign. In Enrope it is applied only to
those States which possess the power of making war and peace, of forming
treaties, and the like. As this power belongs only to Congress, they are
the only soffereign power in the United States.

We commit a similar mistake in our ideas of the word independent. No
individual State, as such, has any claim to independence; she is independ-
ent only in a union with her sister States in Congress.

To conform the principles, morals and manners of our citizens, to our
republican forms of government, it is absolutely necessary that knowledge
of every kind should be disseminated through every part of the United
States.

For this purpose, let Congress, instead of lajring out half a million of dollars
in building a federal town, appropriate only a fourth of that sum in found-
ing a federal university. In this university let every thing connected with-
government, such as history— the law of nature and nations — the civil law —
the municipal laws of our country— and the principles of commerce — be
taught by competent professors. Let masters be employed likewise to teach
gunnery, fortification, and every thing connected with defensive and oflfen-
aive war. Above all, let a professor of, what is called in the European uni-
versities, economy, be established in this federal seminary. His business
should be to unfold the principles and practice of agriculture and manu-
factures of all kind, and to enable him to make his lectures more exten-
sively useful. Congress should appoint a travelling correspondent for him,
who should visit all the nations of Europe, and transmit to him, ftom time *
to time, all the discoveries and improvements that are made in agriculture
and manufactures. To tl^is seminary young men should be encouraged to
repair, after completing their .aca<}emical studies in the colleges of their
respective States. The honors and offices of the United States should, after
a while, be confined to persons who had imbibed federal and republican
ideas in this university.

. For the purpose of diffusing knowledge, as well as extending the living
principle of government to every part of the United States — every State-
city— county— village— and township in the Union, should be tied together
by means of the post-office. This is the true non-electric wire of govern-
ment. It is the only meanp of conveying heat and light to every individual
in the federal commonwealth. '* Sweden lost her liberties," says the Abbe
Raynal, '' because her citizens were so scattered, that they had no means of
acting in concert with each other." It should be a constant injunction to
the post-masters to convey newspapers free of all charge for postage. They
are not only the vehicles of knowledge and intelligence, but the centinels
of the liberties of our country.

The conduct of some of those strangers who have visited our country since
the peace, and who fill the British papers with accounts of our distresses,
shews as great a want of good sense, as it does of good-nature. They see
nothing but the foundations and walls of the temple of liberty ; and yet
they undertake to judge of the whole fabric.

132 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Oar own citizens act a still more absurd part, when they cry ont, alter
the experience of three or fonr years, that we are not proper materials for
republican government. Remember we assnmed these forms of government
in a hurry, before we were prepared for them. Let every man exert himself
in promoting virtue and knowledge in our country, and we shall soon be-
come good republicans. Look at the steps by which governments have
beeu changed, or rendered stable in Knrope. Read the history of Great
Britain. Her boasted government has risen ont of wars and rebellions that
lasted above six hundred years. The tJnited States are travelling peace-
ably into order and good government. They know no strife but what
arises from the collision of opinions ; and, in three years, they have ad-
vanced further in the road to stability and happiness, than most of the
nations of Europe have done, in as many centuries.

There is but one path that can lead the United States to destruction ; and
that is, their extent of territory. It is probable to eflfect this, that Great
Britain ceded to us so much waste land. But even this path may be avoided.
Let but one new State be exposed to sale at a time, and let the land-office
be shut up, till every part of this new State be settled.

I am extremely sorry to find 1^ passion for retirement so nnivemal among
the patriots and heroes of the war. They resemble skillful mariners who,
after exerting themselves to preserve a ship from sinking in a storm in the
middle of the ocean, drop asleep as soon as the waves subside, and leave the
care of their lives and property during the remainder of the voyage to sail-
ors without knowledge or experience. Every man in a republic is public
property. His time and talents — his youth — his manhood — his old age — nay
more, his life, his all, belong to his country.

Patriots of 1774, 1775, 1776— heroes of 1778, 1779, 1780 ! come forward !
your country demands your services ! Philosophers and fhends of mankind,
come forward! your country demands your studies and speculations? Lov-
ers of peace and order, who declined taking part in the late war, come for-
ward ! your country forgives your timidity and demands your influence and
advice ! Hear her proclaiming, in sighs and groans, in her governments, in
her finances, in her trade, in her manufactures, in her morals, and in her
manners, '* the revolution is not over ! "

APPENDIX C.

PR08FBGTU8 OF A NATIONAL INSTITUTION, TO BB ESTABUSHSD IN THE

UNITED STATES.

By JOBL BlRLOW, 1806.

[Reprinted ftom a defective copy of Barlow's pamphlet in the Congreesional Library, sup-
plemented by the reprint in the NaUonal InUlHgencer of 1806, and a MS. copy in the
poeeeseion of Br. J. C. Welling. 1

The project for erecting a university at the seat of the federal government
is biy>ught forward at a happy moment, and on liberal principles. We may
therefore reasonably hope for an extensive endowment from the munificence
of individuals, as well as from government itself. This expectation will
naturally lead us to enlarge our ideas on the subject, and to give a greater

SCIENTIFIC ' INSTITUTIONS — QOODE. 133

seope to its practical operation than has uanally f>een contemplated in
inatitations of a similar nature.

Two distinct ohjects, which, in other countries have been kept asun-
der, may and ought to be united ; they are both of great national impdr-
tance ; and by being embraced in the same Institution, they will aid each
other in their acquisition. These are the advancement uf knowledge by
associations of scientific men, and the dissemination of its rudiments by the
instruction of youth. The first has been the business of learned corpora-
tions, such as the Boyal Society of London, and the National Institute of
France ; the second is pursued by collections of instructors, under the name
of nniTersities, colleges, academies, etc.

The leading principle of uniting these two branches of improvement in
one Institution, to be extended upon a scale that will render it truly na-
tional, requires some developmenx. We find ourselves in possession of a
country so vast as to lead the mind to anticipate a scene of social intercourse
and interest unexampled in the experience of mankind. This territory pre-
sents and will present such a variety of productions, natural and artificial,
such a diversity of connections abroad, and of manners, habits, and pro-
pensities atiiome, as will create a strong tendency to diverge and separate
the views of those who shall inhabit the different regions within our limits.

It is most essential to the happiness of the people and to the preservation
of their republican principles, that this tendency to a separation should be
overbalanced by superior motives to a harmony of sentiment ; that they
may habitually feel that community of interest on which their federal sys-
tem is founded. This desirable object is to be attained, not only by the
operations of the scovernment in its several departments, but by those of
literature, sciences, and arts. 'The liberal sciences are in their nature re-
publican ; they delight in reciprocal communication ; they cherish frater-
nal feelings, and lead to a freedom of intercoune, combined with the
restraints of society, which contribute together to our improvement.

To explore the natural productions of our country, give an enlightened di-
rection to the labors of industry, explain the advantages of interior tran-
quillity, of moderation and justice in the pursuits of self-interest, and to
promote as far as circumstances will admit, an assimilation of civil regula-
, tions, political principles and modes of education, must engage the solici-
tude of every patriotic citizen ; as he must perceive in them the necessary
means of securing good morals and every republican virtue ; a wholesome
jealousy of right and a clear understanding of duty ; without which, no
people can be expected to enjoy the one or perform the other for any num-
ber of years.

The time is fast approaching when the United States, if no foreign dis-
putes should induce an extraordinary expenditure of money, will be out
of debt. From that time forward, the greater part of their public revenue
may, and probably will, be applied to public improvements of various
kinds ; such as facilitating the intercourse through all parts of their do-
minion b|f roads^ bridges, and canals; such as making more exact surveys,
and forming maps and charts of the interior country, and of the coasts,
bays and harbors, perfecting the system of lights, buoys, and other nautical
aids ; such as encouraging new branches of industry, so far as may be ad-
vantageous to the public, either by offering premiums for discoveries, or by

134 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

purchasing from their proprietors sueh inventions as shall appear to be of
immediate and general ntility, and rendering them free to the citizens' at
large ; snch as exploring the remaining parts of the wilderness of our con*
tinenti both within and without our own Jurisdiction, and extending to
thleir savage inhabitant^ as far as may be practicable, a taste for oiviltza-
tion, and the means of knowing the comforts that men are capable of yield-
ing to each other in the peaceable pursuits of industry, as they are under-
stood in our stage of society.

To prepare ther way for the government to act on these great objects with
intelligence, economy, and effect, and to aid its operations when it shall be
ready to apply Its funds to that purpose, will occupy tn part the attention
of that branch of the Institution composed of men of scientific research ;
whose labors, it is expected, will be in a ^eat measure gratuitous. It can-
not be too early^ even at this moment, to direct the researches of science
to occupations of this nature. By this means, at the end of the eleven
years, the epoch at which the goyernment may expect to be free of debt,
the way can be prepared to begin with system, and proceed with regular-
ity'lei the various details of public improvement; a business which, if the
rulers of all nations did but know it, ought to be considered among the
first of their duties, one of the principal objects of their appointment.

The science of political economy is still in its infancy ; as indeed is the
whole science of government, if we regard it as founded on principles analo-
gous to the nature of man, and designed to promote his happiness. As we
believe our government to be founded on these principles, we cannot but
perceive an immense field of improvement opening before us ; a field in
which all the physical as well as the moral sciences should lend their aid
and unite their operation, to place humatl iiociety on such a footing in this
great section of the habitable world, as to secure it against farther con-
vulsions from violence and war. Mankind have a right to expect this ex-
ample from us ; we alone are in a situation to hold it up before them, to
command their esteem, and perhaps their imitation. Should we, by a niur-
rowness of views, neglect the opportunity of realizing so many benefits, we
ought to refiect that it never can occur to us again ; nor can we forsee
that it will return to any age or nation. We should grievously disappoint
the expectations of all good in other countries, we should ourselves regret
our error while we live ; and if posterity did not load us with the re-
proaches we should merit, it would be because our conduct will have kept
them ignorant of the possibility of obtaining the blessings, of which it
had deprived them.

It would be superfluous, in this Prospectus, to point out the objects merely
scientific, that will naturally engage the attention of this branch of the
Institution. We are sensible that many of the sciences, physical as Veil
as moral, are very little advanced ; some of them, in which we seem to
have made considerable progress, are yet so uncertain as to leave it doubt-
fal whether even their first principles do not remain to be discovered ; and
in all of them, there is a great deficiency as to the mode of familiarizing
their results, and applying them to the useful arts of life, the true object
of all labor and research.

What a range is open in this country for mineralogy and botany I How
many new arts are to arise, and how far the old ones are to be advanced.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — OOODE. 135

by the pursuit of these two sciences, it is impossible even to imagine.
Chemistry is making a rapid and nsefal progress, thongh we still dispute
about its elements. Our knowledge of anatomy has laid a necessary and
sure foundation for surgery and medicine ; surgery indeed is making great
proficiency ; but, after three thousand years of recorded experience, how
little do we know of medicine I Mechanics and hydraulics are progress-
ing fast, and wonderful iire the facilities and comforts we draw from
thein ; but while it continues to be necessary to make use of animal force
to move heavy bodies in any direction by land or water* we have a right
to anticipate new discoveries. Could the genius of a Bacon place itself
on the high ground of all the sciences in their present 'state of advance-
ment, and marshal them before him in so great a country as this, and
under a government like ours, he would point out their objects, foretell
their successes, and move them on their march, in a manner that should
animate their votaries and greatly accelerate their progress.

the mathematics, considered as a science, may probably be susceptible of
higher powers than it has yet attained ; considered as the handmaid of all
the sciences and all the arts, it doubtless remains to be simplified. Some
new processes, and perhaps new modes of expressing quantities and num-
bers, may yet be discovered, to assist the mind in climbing the difficult
steps that lead to an elevation so much above our crude conceptions ; an
elevation that subjects the material universe, with all its abstractions of
space and time, to our inspection ; and opens, for their combinations,, so
many useful and satisfying truths.

Researches in literature, to which may be united those in morals, govern-
ment, and laws, are so vague in their nature, and have been so little meth-
odised, as scarcely to have obtained the name of sciences. No man has
denied the importance of these pursuits ; though the English nation, from
whom we have borrowed so many useful things, has not thought proper to
give them that consistency and standing among the objects of laudable
ambition, to which they are entitled. Men the most eminent in these,
studies have not been members of their learned associations. Locke, Ber-
keley, Pope, Hume, Bobertson, Gibbon, Adam Smith, and Blackstone,
were never admitted into the Royal Society. This is doubtless owing to
the nature of their government ; though the government itself exerts no
inflnence in these elections. The science of morals connects itself so inti-
mately with the principles of i>olitical institutions, that where it is deemed
expedient to keep the latter out of sight, it is not strange that the former
should meet no encouragement.

This policy is strikingly exempli^d in the history of the French Insti-
tute* That learned and respectable body was incorporated by the National
Convention in the year 1795, and took place of all the old academies, which
had been prpviously abolished. It was composed of three classes, accord-
ing to the objects to be pursued by its members. The tirst was the class
for the physical sciences, the second was the class for the moral and politi-
cal sciences, the third was for the fine arts. Thus it went on and made
great progress in several branches, till the year 1803, when Bonaparte's
government assumed that character which rendered the pursuit of moral
and political science inconvenient to him. He then new modeled the In-
stitute, and abolished that class. But lest his real object should be per-

136 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

oeived and he be accused of narrowing the compass of research, he created
two new classes in the room of this ; one for ancient literature, and one for
the French language. On the same occasion an order was issued to all the *
colleges and great schools in France, suppressing the professorships of
moral and political philosophy.

But in our country, and at this early epoch in the course of republican
experimenti no subjects of research can be more important than those em-
braced by these bramihes of science. Our representative system is new in
practice, though some theories of that sort have been framed by specula-
tive writers ; and partial trials have been made in the British Dominions.
But our /(BderaZ system, combined with democratical representation, is a mag-
nificent stranger upon earth; a new world of experiment, bursting with
incalculable omenson the view of mankind. It was the result of circum-
stances which no man could foresee, and no writer pretended to contem-
plate. It presented itself to us fronr the necessity of the situation we were
in ; dreaded at first as an evil by many good men in onr own country, &s
well as by our friends in Europe ; and it is at this day far froml)eing un-
derstood, or properly appreciated, by the generality of those who admire It.
Oar practice upon it, as far as we have gone, and the vast regions of onr
continent that present themselves to its embrace, must convince the world
that it is the greatest improvement on the mechanism of government that
has ever been discovered, the most consoling to the friends of liberty,
humanity, and peace.

Men who have grown old in the intrigues of cabinets, and those who, in
the frensy of you|;hfal ambition, present themselves on the theater of poli-
tics, at the head of armies, which they cannot live without, are telling us
that ' no new principle of government has been discovered for these two
thousand years';* and that all proposals to ameliorate the system are vain
abstractions, unworthy of a sound p£iilosophy. They may tell us too that
no new principle in mechanics had been discovered since we came to the
knowledge of the lever; no new principle in war, since we first found that
a man would cease to fight the moment he was killed. Yet we see in the
two latter cases that new combinations of principle have been discovered ;
they are dally now discovered and carried into practice. In these there
are no books written to inform us we can go no further ; no imperial decrees
to arrest our progress. Why then should this be the case in those com-
binations of the moral sense of man, which compose the science of govern-
ment f

But whether we consider the principles themselves as new, or the com-
bination only as new, the fact with respect to our government is this: al-
though the principle has long since been known that the powers necessarily
exercised in regulating a great community, originate in the people at large,
and that these powers cannot conveniently be exercised by tl^e people at
large ; yet it was not discovered how these powers could be conveniently
exercised by a few delegates, in such a manner as to be constantly kept
within the reach of the people at large, so as to be controlled by them with-
out a convulsion. But a mode of doing this has been discoverlBd in later
years, and is now for the first time carried into practice in our country ; I

*This is asserted in a book written to support the present government of
France. I forget the title.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. 137

do not say in the utmost perfection of which the pilnoiple is capable ; yet
in a manner which greatly oontrihatesi with oar other adyantagee, to ren-
der as the happiest people on earth. Again although the principle has long
since been known, that good laws faithfully executed within a state, would
protect the industry of men, and preserve interior tranquillity ; yet no
method was discovered which would effectually preserve exterior tranquil-
lity between state and state. Treaties were made, oaths were exacted,
the name of God was invoked, forts, garrisons, and armies were es-
tablished on their reepectiye fh)ntier8; all with the sincere desire,
no doubt, of preserving peace. The whole of these precautions have been
constantly found ineffectual. But we at last, and almost by accident, have
discovered a mode of preserving peace among states, without any of the
old precautions ; which were always found extremely expensive, destruc-
tive to liberty, and incapable of securing the object. We haye found ttuit
states have some interests that are common and mutual among themselves ;
tltat so far as these interests go, the states should not be tudftpendent ; that
without losing any thing of their dignity, but rather increasing it, they can
bind themselves together by federal goyernment, composed of their own
delegates, frequently aad freely elected, to whom they can confide these
common interests ; and that by giving up to these delegates the exercise of
certain acts of sovereignty, and retaining the rest to themselyes, each state
puts it out of its own power .to withdraw from the confederation, and out
of the power of the general government to deprive them of the rights they
have retaiSed.

If these are not new principles of goyernment, they are at least new com-
binations of principles, which require to be developed, studied and under-
stood better than they have beea, even by ourselves ; but especially by the
rising generation, and by all foreign observers who shall study our insti-
tutions. Foreigners will thoe give us credit for what we have done, point
out to our attentiod what we have omitted to do, and perhaps aid us with
their lights, in bringing towards perfection a system, which may be des-
tined to ameliorate the condition of the human race. •

It is in this view that moral and political research oaght to be regarded
as one of the most important objects of the National Institution, the highest
theme of literary emulation, whether in prose or yerse, the constant stim-
ulus to excite the ambition of youth in the course of edacation.
' What are called the fine arts, in distinction from what are called the use-
f ul, have been but little cultivated in America. Indeed, few of them have
yet arrived, in modem times, to that degree of splendor which they had
acquired among the ancients. Here we must examine an opinion, enter-
tained by some persons, that the encouragement of the fine sktts savors too
much of luxury, and is unfavorable to republican principles. It is true, as
is alleged, they have usually flourished most under despotic goyemments ;
but so have com and cattle. Republican principles have never been organ-
ized or understood, so as to form a government, in any country but our own.
It is therefore from theory, rather than example, that we mnst reason on
this snbject. There is no doubt but that fine arts, both in those who cul-
tivate and those who only admire them, open and expand the mind to great
ideas. They inspire liberal feelings, create a harmony of temper, favorable
to a sense of jnstfce and a habit of moderation in our social intercourse.

138 AM£RICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. -

By inoreaging the circle of oor pleasures, they mdderate the intensity with
which pleaenrea, not dependent on them, would he pursued. In proportion
as they multiply oor wants, they stimulate our industry, they diversify the
objects of our ambition, they furnish new motives for a constant actlyity
of mind and body, highly favorable to the health of both. The encourage-
ment of a taste for elegant luxuries discourages the relish for luxuries that
are gross and sensual, debilitating to the body, and demoralizing to the
mind. These last, it must be acknowledged, are prevailing in our country ;
they are perhaps the natural growth of domestic affluence and civil liberty.
The government, however mild and paternal, cannot check them by any
direct application of its powers, without improper encroaohments on the
liberty and affluence, that give them birth. But a taste for the elegant
enjoyments which spring fh>m the culture of the fine arts, excites passions
not so irresistible, but that they are easily kept within the limits, which
the means of each individual will prescribe. It is the fKend of'morals and
of health ; it supposes a certain degree of information ; it necessitates liberal
instruction ; it cannot bat be favorable to republican manners, principles,
and discipline.

A taste for these arts is peculiarly desirable in those parts of our country,
at the southward and westward, where the earth yields her rich produc-
tions with little labor, and leaves to the cultivator considerable vacanoias
of time and superfluities of wealth, which otherwise will, in all probability,
be worse employed. The arts of drawing, painting, statuary, engraving,
music, poetry, ornamental architecture, and ornamental gardeuAg would
employ a portion of the surplus time and money of onr citizens ; and at the
same time be more likely to dispose their minds to devote another portion
to charitable and patriotic purposes, th^in if the first portion had not been
thus employed.

In England there is a Royal Academy for the fine arts, as well as a Royal
Society for the sciences^ though men of merit in other learned labors are
not associated. In France the two classes of eminent men who pursue the
sciences and the arts, Are united in the National Institute. Besides thase,
and besides the colleges and universities, there exists in each of these coun-
tries a variety of institutions useful in their different objects, and highly
conducive to the general mass of public improvement, as well as to private
instruction.

The French Qovemment supports :

1. The School of J^ineSf an extensive establishment ; where is preserved a
coUection of specimens from all the mines, wrought and nnwronght, that
are known to exist ip that country ; where, with the free use of a labora-
tory, lectures are given gratis one day in the week for nine months in the
year, and where young men receive what is called a mineralogical educa-
tion. At this place the proprietor of a mine, whether of metals, coals, or
other valuable fossils, may have them examined without expense; and
here he can apply for an able and scientific artist, recommended by the
professors, to be the conductor of his works, as well in the engineering as
the metallurgical branch.

2. Ths School of Roads and Bridges ; whose title ought to extend likewise
to canals, river navigation and hydraulic architecture; since it embraces
all these objects. Here are preserved models and drawinj^s of all the great

SCIENTIFIC IN8TITUTIONS--GOODE. 139

worki, and many of the abSortiTo attempts, in these brauohes of bnaineas.
It is a cnriona and osefnl oolleetion. This establishment too maintains its
professors, who giye lectnres gratis, and prodnce among their pupils the
abl^t draftsmen and civil engineers, ready to be employed where the pub-
lic service or private enterprise may require.

3. The GonmrwUary of Aria ; meaning the useful arts and trades. This, in
appearance, is a vast Babel of materials ; consisting of tools, models, and
entire machines, ancient and modern, good and bad. - For it is often
usefal to preserve for inspection a bad machine. The professor explains
the reaAn why it did not answer the purpose ; and tliis either prevents
another person from si>ending his time and money in pursuit of the same
impraotioable scheme, or it may lead his mind to some ingenious invention
to remedy the defect and make it a useful object. Here is a professor for
explaining the use of the machines, and for aiding the minister in discharg-
ing the duties of the patent office. Here likewise several trades are carried
on, and persons are taught gratis the use of the tools by praotioe as well as
by lectures.

4. The Museum of Natural BUiory* This consists of a botanical garden,
an extensive menagery, or collection of wild animals, and large cabinets
of minerals. To this institution are attached several professorships ; and
lectures are given in every branch of natural history.

5. The Mueeum of Arte ; meaning tfae fine arts. This is the school for
painting, statuary, music, d&c. The great splendor of this establishment
consists ehlisfly in its vast gallery of pictures, and its awful synod of statues.
These are as flEur beyond description as they are above comparison. Since^
to the collections of the kings of France, the Qovernment has added so
many of the best productions of Italy, Flanders and Holland, tfiere is no
other assemblage of the works of art where students can be so well aooom-
modated with yariety and excellence, to excite their emulation and form
their taste.

6. The National Library* This collection is likewise unparalleled both
for the number and variety of works it contains ; having about five hun-
dred thousand volumes, in print and manuscript ; besides all of value that
is extant in maps, chai1», engravings ; and a museum of coins, medals and
inscriptions, ancient knd modem.

8. The Mint ; which is a scientific as well as a laboratorial establidiment ;
where lectures are given in mineralogy, metallurgy, and chemistry.

9. The MiUtary School; where field engineering, fortification, gunnery,
attack and defense of places, and the branches of mathematics, necessary
to these sciences, are taught by experienced masters.

10. Tko F^ianeum ; which is an excellent school of general science, more
eq»ectally military and nautical ; bat it is exclusively devoted to what are
called emfank de la patrie, children of the country, or boys adopted by the
Govemraent, and educated at tfae public expense. They are generally
those whose fathers have died in the public seiVice. But this distinction
is often conferred on others, through particular favor. The school is sup-
plied with able instrnctors; and the pupils are very numerous. They are
taught to consider themselves entirely devoted to the service of their coun-
try, as is indicated both by their own appellation and that of their seminary.

11. The College of France retains all its ancicfit advantages, and has been
Improved by the revolution.

140 ' AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

12. The School of Medicine, anited with anatomy and sargery, is in able
hands, and well oond noted.

13. The Veterinary School ; where practical and scientific lessons are given
on the constitution and diseases of animals.

14. The ObeervatOry is an appellation still retained by an eminent sohool
of astronomy ; thoogh its importance has grown far beyond what is indi-
cated by its name. It pablishes the annual work called la connfiiaeance dee
ieme; a work not only of national bat of nniversal utility for navifl:atorB
and astronomers.

16. Another institntion, whose functions have outgrown its namf, is the
Bnreau of Longitude, It not only offers premiums for discoyeries, tending
to the great object of finding an easy method of ascertaining the longitude
at sea, and Judges of their merit ; but it is the enconrager and depositary
of all nautical and geographical discoveries ; and, in conjunction with the
school of astronomy and that of natural history, it directs and superintends
such voyages of discovery as the government chooses to undertake.

16. The last public establishment for liberal instmctioui that I shall men-
tion in the capital, though not the only remaining one that might be named,
is the Poljftedinio School, This, for the variety of sciences taught, the
degree of previous attainment necessary for admission, the eminent talents
of the professors, and the high state of erudition to which the pupils are
carried, is doubtless the first institution in the world.

The Prytaneum, the Polytechnic School, the Museum of Arts, the Con-
servatory of Arts, and the Veterinary School, are new institutions, estab-
lished during the revolution. The others existed before ; but most of them
have been much improved. There were likewise erected during the same
period, a great number of provincial colleges. The general provision was
to have one in each county, or department, of which there are upwards of
a hundred in France. The provision likewise extended to what are oaUed
primary schools, to be erected and multiplied in every town and village.
This is also executed in part, but not completely.

On the whole, the business of education in France is on a mdch better
footing at present than it ever was before the revolution. The clamor that
was raised by the emigrants against the convention, reproaching them with
having destroyed education, were unfounded, and, we may almost say, the
reverse of truth. Their plans on this subject were great, and in general
good ; much good indeed has grown out of them ; though they have not
been pursued by the government during its subsequent changes, in the
manner contemplated by the projectors.

Besides the pnblic foundations, established and partly supported by the
government, there is a variety of private associations for collecting and
diffusing information ; such as agricultural societies, a society for the en-
couragement of arts and manufactures; and another which, though neither
scientific nor literary, is a great enconrager of literature. It is a charitable
fund for giving relief to ind%ent authors, and to their widows and orphans*

The Lyceum of Arts, as a private society, merits a distinguished place in
this hasty review of the liberal establishments in Paris. This foundation
belongs to a number of proprietors, who draw no other advantage from it
than the right of attending the lectures, and of using the laboratory, read-
ing-rooms, library, and philosophical apparatus. It employs able profess-

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODB. 141

on in all the aoiences, in toofanologyy in literatare, and in seyeral modem
languages. It admits annual subscribers, who ei^oy these advantages dur-
ing the jear ; and it is particularly useful to strangers and to yonng men
from the provinces, who might otherwise employ their leisure hours in less
profitable amusements.

If, in speaking of the state of public instruction in England, we are less
particular than in those of her neighbors, it will not be for want of respeot
for her institutions ; but because most of them are better knblyn in this
coontry, and some of them si milar to those we have described. Her univer-
sities and colleges, her numerous agricultural societies, her sociisty of arts
and manufactures, her royal society, royal academy, royal observatory,
British Museum, marine and military academies, her society for exploring
the interior of Africa, her missionary society, and her board of longitude,
are probably familiar to most of the readers of this Prospectus. We shall
particularize only two or three others ; which, being of recent date, are
probably less known.

** The Literary Fund, for the relief. of indigent authors and their families,
is aa institution of extensive and increasing beneficence. It is not merely
a charitable, but a patriotic endowment ; and its influenca must extend to
other nations, and to posterity. For an author of merit belongs to the
world at large ; his genius is not the property of one age or nation, but the
general heritage of all. When a fund like this is administered by men of
discernment and fidelity, worthy of their trust, as the one in question cer-
tainly is, lending its aid to all proper objeots, without regard to party or
system, whether in politics, science or religion, it gives independence to
literary pursuits. Men who are fostered by it, or feel a confidence that
they may, in case of need, partake of its munificence, become bold in the
development of ujsefnl truths ; they are not discouraged by the dread of
opposing the opinions of vulgar minds, whether among members of the
government or powerful individuals.

This generous and energetic establishment owes its foundation to David
Williams ; whose luminous writings, as well as other labors, in favor of
liberty and morals, are well known in this country. It was a new attempt
to utilize the gifts of fortune, and the efforts of timid merit. It was not
till after many years of exertion by its patriotic founder, that the institu-
tion assumed a vigorous existence, became rich by the donations of the
opulent, and popular from the patronage of the first names in the king-
dom. It was firom this fund that the one of a similar nature in Paris was
copied ; but the latter is hitherto far inferior to the former, both in its
endowments and it^ activity.

On the other hand, the Hogal InstituHan and the Lomdon InstUuHon have
been^sopied from the Lyceum in Paris. But in these instances the copies
have already equaled, if not surpassed, the original.

We have traced this rapid sketch of what is doing for the advaucement
of liberal knowledge and public improvements in other countries, for the
sake of grouping the whole in one general view ; that we may compare their
establishments with our situation, our wants, our means, and our pros-
pects ; reject what is unsuitable to us, adopt such as would be useful, and
organize them ,ad^ shall be advantageous in our National Institution.

It is proposed, as already observed, that this Institution should combine

142 AllfiBICAN HISTOBIOAL ASSOCIATION.

the two greftt objeotSj r€§earok and inatructiofu It is expected £rom every
member tiiat he will employ hU talent grataitoasly ia oontribatlng to the
irst of these objects* The second will be the special occupatioQ o^a branch
of the Institutiotay to be stiled the Professorate. And, as it is expected
from the members of this branch, that they devote their time as well as
talents to the labor of instruction, they will receive a suitable compensa-
tion, to be fixed by the board of trnstees.

The members of the National Institution shall be elected from citizens
of the United States, eminent in any of the liberal sciences, whether physi-
cal, moral, political, or economical ; in literature, arts, agriculture ; in
meAanical, nautical, or geographical discoveries. The number of mem-
bers shall at no time exceed the decuple of the number of states, composing
the confederation of the United States. But in addition to these, it may
elect honorary members abroad, not exceeding in number one half of that
of its members. And it may likewise elect corresponding membera within
the United States, or elsewhere, not exceeding the last-mentioned propor-
tion.

The members of the Institution may divide themselves into several sec-
tions, for their more convenient deliberations on the objects of their sev-
eral pursuits, -not exceeding live sections. Each section shall keep a regis-
ter of its proceedings. It shall be the duty of each section to nominate
candidates for members of the Institution, suitable for such section. Which
nomination, if there be vacancies, shall entitle such candidates to be bal-
lotted for at the general meetings.

There shall be a Chancellor of the National Institution ; whose duty it
shall be to superintend its general concerns. He shall, in the first instance,
be appointed by the President of the United States; and hold his office
during the pleasure of the Institution. He shall preside in its general
meetings ; direct the order of its deliberations, and sign the diplomas of
its members. He shall be president of the board of trustees ; and, in con-
sequence of their appropriations, order the payment of monies, and other-
wise carry into execution their ordinances and resolutions. He shall be
director of the Professorate ; order the courses of lectures and other modes
of instruction, and objects of study ; confer degrees in the central univer-
sity ; appoint examiners, either at the district colleges or at the central
university, for the admission of students into the latter ; fill vacancies in
the Professorate, until the next meeting of the board of trustees ; and he
shall have power to suspend from office a professor, until the time of such
meeting. He shall instruct jind direct in their mission, snch travelling pro-
fessors as the board of trustees shall employ, for the objects of science, in
our country or abroad.

The board of trustees shall consist of fifteen members ; they shall be
first appointed by the President of the United States, and hold their office
during the pleasure of the Institution. They shall give bonds with surety
for the faithful execution of their trust-'. They and the chancellor are of
course members of the Institution. A.8 soon as convenient after their ap-
pointment, they are to assemble at the seat of government, elect by ballot
fifteen additional members of the Institution, appoint three professors, and
transact such other business as they may think proper. But no mors tiian
the second fifteen members of the Institution shall be elected, until the last

SCIBITTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOODE 143

Wednesday ia November next. On whioh day a general meeting of the
Inetitation ahull be held at the aeat of government; and the members then
present may prooeed to elect fifteen additional members. Two months afte^
which, another election of fifteen members may take plaoe ; bnt no more
till the November then next. Thas they may proceed to hold two elections
in each year, of fifteen members each, if they think proper, till the whole
number allowed by law shall be elected. The Institution will fill its own
vacancies, and those in the board of "trustees, appoint its treasurer and secre-
taries ; and, on all occasions after the first, elect the chancellor.

The chancellor and board of trustees shall have the sole management of
the funds of the Institution, whether in lauds or movables ; they sfcll
organise the Professorate, appoint the profb^rs and other masters and
teachers ; assign them their compensations, and remove l^em at pleasure.
They shall establish a central university, at or near the seat of govern-
ment, and such other universities, colleges, and schools of f»ducation, as the
funds of the Institution will enable them to do, whether in the city of
Washington, or in other parts of the United States ; and make the necessary
regulations for the government and discipline of the same. They may
likewise establish printing-presses for the use of the Institution, laborato-
ries, libraries, and apparatus for the sciences and the arts, and gardens for
botany and agricultural experiments.

Thus organized, and with proper endowments, the National Institution
will be able to expand itself to a large breadth of public utility. .It will,
by its correspondence, its various establishments, its premiums, its g^tui-
ties, and other encouragements, excite a scrupulons attention to the duties
of education in every part of the United States. By printing school books
in the vast quantities that are wanted, and selling them at prime cost, it
will furnish them at one third of the price usually demanded ; and by an able
selection or composition of such as are best adapted to the purpose, it will
give a uniformity to the moral sentiment, a republican energy to the char-
acter, a liberal cast to the mind and manners, of the rising and following
generations. None will deny that these things are peculiarly essential to
the people of this country ; for the preservation of their republican prin-
ciples, and especially of their federal system.

Add to this the advantages that the government will draw, in its pro-
jected plans of public improvement, from this facility of concentrating the
rays of science upon the most useful objects ; ftrom directing the researches
of so many of the ablest men in the country, to the best modes of increas-
ing its productions and its happiness ; from having a greater choice of
young and well-taught engineers, civil and military ; as well as medhani-
cians, architects, geologists; and men versed in the mathematical sciences
and political economy.

Attached to the university in Washington, and under the direction of
the Institution, might be the best position for the military academy, now
at West Point, and likewise for the naval academy, and for the mint of the
United States. The patent office is now an embarrassing appendage to the
department of state. It might occupy very usefully one of the professors
of this university. The machines and models belonging to it would be
useful ornaments in a lecture room, where mechanics, hydraulics, and other
branehee oi natural philosophy are taught. Such professor might be the

144 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

proper person* to examine the applications for patents, and report npon their
merits ; the ohanoellor might gnrnt the patent. It might likewise be ad-
vantageous, that the trustees, when the state of their fnnds will permit,
should purchase from their proprietors such inventions as^ in their opinion,
might he of immediate and general use ; and perhaps the^chancellor might
be authorized to refuse patents for impracticable things, and expose to
public view such imposters as sometimes i^pply for them, with the intention
of imposing upon the credulous, by selling their fallacious privileges either
in whole or in part.

The geographical and mineralogical archives of the nation might be
bAter placed in this university, than elsewhere. Being confided to pro-
fessors, they might draw advantage from them in the course of their in-
structions. Thus the Institution might become a general depositary of
the results of scientific research ; of experiments in art, manufactures,
and husbandry; and of discoveries by voyages and travels. In short, no
rudiment of knowledge should be below its attention, no height of im-
provement above its ambition, no corner of an empire beyond its vigilant
activity for collecting and diffasing information.

It is hoped that the Legislature, as well as our opulent citizens, will
assist in making a liberal endowment for so great an object, and as soon
as circumstances will admit; as too much time has already been lost,
since the government has taken its definitive stand, in so advanti^eonB a
position, for the development of this part of our national resources.

Appendix.

Such is the outline of a system of public instraction that would seem to
promise the greatest benefits, and although under present circumstances
it is doubtless too extensive to be carried into immediate practice in all its
parts, yet there are strong reasons to wish that its general basis may be
preserved entire in the law for incorporating the institution, i^d that such
law may be enacted during the present session of Congress. Believing
that no possible disadvantage could arise from adopting both of these
propositions, we will endeavor to elucidate the advantages by a few ad-
ditional observations.

(1) As we must solicit donations from individual citizens, and depend
principally on them for its endowment, we ought to have a basis on which
they can repose their confidence. This can only be done by a board of
trustees, standing on the ground of a corporation, whose object is clearly
defined, and which is composed of men of known character and responsi-
bility, anxious themselves to promote the object and pledged in honor and
reputation for its ultimate success.

(2) The present seems to be a more favorable moment for an establish-
ment of this kind, and especially for obtaining donations, than can be
expected to arrive hereafter. A general opinion now prevails that educa-
tion has been too much and too long neglected in most parts of our country ;
and this opinion is happily accompanied by a liberal spirit on the subject,
a spirit worthy of the age and country in which we live, and of the govern-
ment that conducts our affairs. It is a patriotic spirit, that only requires
to be directed, but if not directed, may soon be lost. The opinions and
dispositions of men are changeable. The race of patriarchs who framed

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. 145

our political syiiteniSy and are peculiarly solicitoas to secare their per-
manent sapport, are passing off the stage oi pablio life. Children are grow-
ing np to take the legacy we are bequeathing them, insensible of its
valne, and ignorant of the means by which it can be preserved. It will
seem as if we had labored in vain, if we leave onr work bnt half accom-
plishedy and surely the task of preserving liberty, if not as bold, is at least
as difficult, as that of acquiring it.

To acquire liberty, comparatively speaking, is the work of few ; to pre-
serve it is the sober and watchful business of all. In the first operation a
group of well informed, enthusiastic, and patriotic leaders step forward to
the field of danger, impress their own energy on the multitude of follow As,,
who can not go wrong because the object is palpable and clearly under-
stood ; bnt in the second, the impetuosity of enthusiasm is no longer the
weapon to be used. The mass of the people are masters, they must be in-
structed in their work, and they may justly say« that w&en their leaders
taught them how to gain their liberty they contracted the obligation to
ieach them how to use it.

(3) The institution, though established on the broad 'foundation we here
propose, will begin upon a small scale ; no longer than its means will ren-
der convenient and the magnitude of the prospective will not discourage
its infant exertions, bnt rather increase them. Its expeifditures will not be
greater in the beginning than they would be if it were always to be confined
to the narrow compass in which it will move at first. It will immediately
open a few schools at Washington, where they are much wanted. It may
soon begin tareceive donations for this and other objects ; and bj its corre-
spondence it will be learning the wants of the different districts of the United
States, and directing its inquiries how to supply them.

(4) It is believed that several men of science, without any compensation
but the pleasure of being useful, may be engaged to give courses of lectures
dnring the next winter on some of the higher branches of knowledge, such as
chemistry, mathematics, natural and moral philosophy, political economy,
medicine, and jurisprudence, that it may no longer be said of the Capitalof the
United States that it offers no attractions as a winter residence to strangers
or citizens; no amusements but such as are monotonous and unimproving;
nothing to variegate the scene and enliven the labors of those whom the con-
fidence of their country has called to this place to manage her great concerns.
A few courses of lectures on these subjects, announced in the public papers,
to be delivered next winter would draw to this place many young men from
the different States, who, being at a loss for the means of finishing their edu-
cation, are often driven to Europe for that purpose. This would be a begin-
ning for the university and lead to its interior organization. It would help
to bring the institution into notice, be the means of augmenting its endow-
ments, and enable the trustees to devise measures for some of their buildings.

(5) It ought not u) be forgotten that a central institution of this kind in
the United States would not only remove the disadvantages that our young
men now experience in being obliged to obtain a European education, hvL\ it
would federalize, as well as republicanize, their education at home. Com-
ing together from all parts of the Union, at an age when impressions on the
mind are not easily effaced, the bent of intellect will attain a similarity in
all, diversified only by what nature had done before ; their moral characters
would be cast in a kindred mould ; they wonld form firiendships, which

S, Mi^. 170 10

146 AHERXCAK HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

their snbeequent parsnito in life woald never destroy. This wonld greatly
tend to strengthen the political union of the StateSi a union which,
though founded on permanent interest, can only be supported by a perma-
nent sense of that interest. In addition to the other advantages of study,
we ought to notice the great political school that will open to the student
during the sessions of Congress ; the school of jurisprudence in the federal
courts ; the constant examples of etilarged ideas^ and paternal solicitude
for the national welfare, which he wUl see in the several departments of
the Executive Oovemment.

When the men, who shall have finished their education in this central
seat, shall ret am to it in maturer life, clothed with the confidence of their
fellow-citizens, to assist in the councils of the nation, the scene wiU en-
liven the liberal impressions of youth, combined with the cautious that
experience will^have taught. They will bring from home the feelings and
interests of their own districts, and they will mingle them here with those
of the nation. From snch men the Institution may perceive the good it
may have done ; and from them it will learn what new op^snings may be
found in the different States, for the extention of its benefits.

Washington, January ^th^ 1806.

APPENDIX D.

THE MORRILL ACT.*

AN ACT 4pBStliig Pnblio Lands to tbe seVeral States anA Territories whiob may pro*
Tide Colleges for Hie Benefit of Agricaltare and Mechanic Arts.

Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representativea of the United States
of America in Congreee aeaemhled, That there be granted jto the several
States, for the purposes hereinafter mentioned, an amount of public land,
to be apportioned to each State a quantity equal to thirty thousand acres
for each senator and representative in Congress to which the States are
respectively entitled by the apportionment under the census of eighteen
hundred and sixty : Provided, That no mineral lands shall be selected or
purchased under the provisions of this act.

Sbo. 2. And be it further enacted. That the land aforesaid, after being
surveyed, shall be apportioned to the several States in sections or subdi-
visions of sections, not less than one quarter of a section ; and whenever
there are public lands in a State subject to sale at private entry at one
doUar and twenty-five cents per acre, the quantity to which said State
shall be entitled shall be selected from such lands within the limits of
such State, and the Secretaiy of the Interior is hereby directed to issue to
each of the States in which there is not the quantity of public lands sub-
ject to sale at private entry at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre,
to which said State may be entitled under the provisions of this act, land
scrip to the amount in acres for the deficiency of its distributive share ;
said scrip to be sold by said States and the proceeds thereof applied to the
uses and purposes prescribed in this act, and for no other use or purpose
whatsoever: Provided, That in no case shall any State to which land scrip

* Introduced in the House of Representatives by the Hon. Justin S. Mor-
rill, of Vermont, and approved by President Lincoln, July 2, 1802.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. 147

iii»y thos be isaned be allowed to locate the same within the limits of any
other State, or of any Territory of the United States, bat their assignees
may thns locate said land scrip npon any of the unappropriated lands of the
United States subject to sale at private entry at one doUai' and twenty-
fiye cents, or less, per acre: And provided fwihery That not more than one
million acres shall be located by such assignees in any one of the States:
And prmfided further f That no such location shall be made before one year
from the passage of this act.

Ssa 3. And he it further enactedf That all the expenses of management,
superintendence, and taxes from date of selection of said lands, preylons
to their sales, and all expenses incurred in the maoagement and disburse-
ment of the moneys which may be received therefrom, shall be paid by
the States to which they n^ay belong, out of the treasury of said States, so «
that the entire proceeds of the sale of said lands shall be applied without
any diminution whatever to the purposes hereinafter mentioned.

Sbc. 4. And he it further enacted. That all moneys derived from the sale
of the lands aforesaid by the State to which the lands are apx)ortioDed, and
from the sales of land scrip hereinbefore provided for, shall be invested
in stocks of the United States, or of the States, or some other safe stocks,
yielding not less than five per centum upon the par value of said stocks f
and that the moneys so invested shall constitute a perpetual fund, the
capital of which shall remain forever undiminished, (except so far as may
be provided in sectioq fifth of this act,) and the interest of which shall be
inviolably appropriated, by each State which may take and claim the
benefit of this act, to the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least
one college where the leading object shall be, without excludiug other
scientific and classical stn(Aes, and including military tactics, to teach
such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic
arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the States may respectively pre-
cribe, «in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the
industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life.

Sbc. 5. And he it further enacted, That the grant of land and land scrip
hereby authorized shall be made on the following conditions, to which, as
well as to the provisions hereinbefore contained, the previous assent of the
several States shall be signified by legislative acts:

First. If any portion of the fund invested, as provided by the foregoing
section, or any portion of the interest thereon,' shall, by any action or con-
tingency be diminished or lost, it shall be replaced by the State to which it
belongs, so that the capital of the fund shall remain forever undiminished;
and the annual interest shall be regularly applied without diminution to
the purposes mentioned in the fourth section of this act, except that a sum,
not exceeding ten per ceutum upon the amount received by amy State
under the provisions of this act, may be expended for the purchase of lands
for sites or experimental farms, whenever authorized by the respective
legislatures of said States.

Second. No portiou of said fund, nor the interest thereon, shall be ap-
plied, directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatever, to the purchase,
erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings.

Third. Any State which may take and claim the benefit of the provis-
ions of this Aot shall provide^ within five years, at lei»st not less than oQe

148 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCUTION.

college, as described in the fonrtli section of this act, or the grant to such
State shall cease ; and said State shall be boand to pay the United States
the amount received of any lands previoasly sold, and thlst the title to
purchasers under the State shall be valid.

Fourth. An annual report shall be made regarding the progress of each
college, recording any improvements and experiments made, with their
costs and results, and such other matters, including State industrial and
economical statistics, as may be supposed useful ; one copy of which shall
be transmitted by mail free, by each, to all the other colleges which may
be endowed under the provisions of this act, and also one copy to the Sec-
retary of the Interior.

Fifth. When lands shall be selected from those which have been,
^ised to double the minimum price, in consequence of railroad grants,
they shall be computed to the States at the maximum price, and the num-
ber of acres proportionally diminished.

Sixth. No State while in a condition of rebellion or insurrection against
the government of the United States shall be entitled to the benefit of this
act.

Seventh. No State shall be entitled to the benefits of this act unless it
shall express its acceptance thereof by its legislature within two years
from the date of its approval by the President.

Sec. 6. And be it further enacted f That land scrip issued under the pro-
visions of this act shall not be subject to location until after the first day
of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.

Sec. 7. And he it further enacted. That the land oflQcers shall receive the
same fees for locating land scrip issued under the provisions of this act as
is now allowed for the location of military bc/unty land warrants under
existing laws : Provided, their maximum compensation shall not be thereby
increased.

Sec. 8. And be it further enacted. That the Governors of the several States
to which scrip shall be issued under this act shall be required to report
annually to Congress all sales made of such scrip until the whole shall be
disposed of, the amount received for the same, and what appropriation
has been made of the proceeds. Approved, July 2, 1862.

THE HATCH ACT.*

[Forty-ninth Congress. Second Session, Chapter 314, Statutes of the United States, vol.

xxiv., pai^e 440. J

AN ACT to establish agrionltaral experiment stations in oonneotion with the ooUeges
established in the several States nndet the proTlsions of an act approTed Jaly second,
eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and of the acts sapplementary thereto.

Be it enacted by the Senate and Houee of Eepreaentatives of the United Stqjtee
of America in Congress assembled, That in order to aid in acquiring and
diffusing among the people of the United States useful and practical in-
formation on subjects connected with agriculture, and to promote scientific
investigation and experiment respecting the principles and applications of

* Introduced in the House of Sepresentatives in 1885 by the Hon. Will-
iam H. Hatch, of Missouri, and approved by President Cleveland March 2,
1887.

SCIENTIFIC IN8TITUTIOKS--GOPDE. 149

agricaltiiral soienoe, there shall he eatahlished, under direction of the col-
lege or colleges or agricoltural department of colleges in each State or
Territory estahlished, or which may hereafter he estahlished, in accord-
ance with the provisions of an act approved Jnly second, eighteen hundred
and sixty-two, entitled "An act donating pnhlic lands to the several States
and Territories which may provide, colleges for the benefit of agricnltnre
and the mechanic arts/' or any of the sapplements to said act, a depart-
ment to be known and designated as an '* agricultural experiment station : "
Provided, That in any State or Territory in which two such colleges have
been or may be so established' the appropriation hereinafter made to such
State or Territory shall be equally divided between such colleges, unless
the legislature of such State or Territory shall otherwise direct.

Sic. 2. That it shall be the object and duty of said experiment stations
to conduct original researches or verify experiments on the physiology of
plants and animals ; the diseases to which they are severally subject, with
the remedies for the same ; the chemical composition of usefol plants at
their different stages of growth ; the comparative advantages of rotative
cropping as pursued under a varying series of crops ; the capacity of new
plants or trees for acclimation ; the analysis of oils and water; the chemi-
cal composition of manures, natural or artificial, with experiments de-
signed to test their comparative effects on crops of different kinds ; the
adaptation and value of grasses and Ibrage plants ; the composition and
digestibility of thediffeAnt kinds of food for domestic animals; the scien-
tific and economic, questions involved in the production of butter and
cheese ; and such other researches or experiments bearing directly on the
agricultural industry of the United States as may in each case be deemed
advisable, having due regard to the varying conditions and needs of the
respective States or Territories.

Sec. 3. That in order to secure, as far as practicable, uniformity of
methods and results in the work of said stations, it shall be the duty of the
United States Commissioner of Agriculture to furnish forms, as far as
practicable, ioi the tabulation of results of investigation or experiments ;
to indicate from time to time, such lines of inquiry as to him shall seem
most important ; and, in general, to furnish such advice and assistance as
will best promote the purposes of this act. It shall be the duty of each of
said stations annually, on or before the first day of February, to make to
the governor of the State or Territory in which it is located a full and de-
tailed report of its operations, including a statement of receipts and ex-
penditures, a copy of which report shall be sent to each of said stations,
to the said Commissioner of Agriculture, and to the Secretary of the Treas-
ury of the United States.

8ko. 4. That bulletins or reports of progress shall be published at said sta-
tions at least once in three months, one copy of which shall be sent to each
newspaper in the States or Territories in which they are respectively located,
and to such individuals actually engaged in farming as may request the same,
and as far as the means of the station wi 11 permit. Such bulletins or reports
and the annual reports of said stations shall be transmitted in the mails of
the United States free of charge for postage, under such regulations as the
Postmaster-Qeneral may from time to time prescribe.

Sec. 5. That for the purpose of paying the necessary expenses of conduct-

150 AMEHICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

ing investigations and experiments and printing a9d distribating tlie result
as hereinbefore described, the sam of fifteen thousand dollars per annum is
hereby appropriated to each State, to be specially provided for by Congress
in the appropriations from year to year, and to each Territory entitled under
the provisions of section eight of this act, out of any money in the Treasury
proceeding from the sales of public lands, to be paid in equal quarterly pay-
ments, on the first day of January, April, July, and Oetober in each year, to
the treasnrer or other officer duly appointed by the governing boards of said
colleges to receive the same, the first payment to be'made on the first day of
October, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven t Provided, kwotver. That out of
the first annual appropriation so received by any station an amount not ex-
ceeding one-fifth may be expended in the erection, enlargement, or repair of
a building or buildings necessary for carrying on the work of such station ;
and thereafter an amount not exceeding five per centum of such annual
appropriation may be so expended.

Skc. 6. That whenever it shall appear to the Secretary of the Treasury
from the annual statement of receipts and expenditures of any of said sta-
tions that a portion of the preceding annual appropriation remains unex-
pended, suob amount shall be deducted from the next sacoeeding annual
appropriation to such station, in order that the amount of money appro-
priated to any station shall not exceed the amount actually and necessarily
required for its maintenance and support.

Sbc. 7. That nothing in this act shall be construe to impair or modify the
legal relation existing between any of the said colleges and the government
of the States or Territories in which they are respectively located.

Sbc. 8. That in States having colleges entitled under this section to the
benefits of this act and having also agricultural experiment stations estab-
lished by law separate from said colleges, such States shall be authorised to
apply such benefits to experiments at stations so established by such States ;
and in case any State shall have established under the provisions of said aot
of July second aforesaid, an agricultural department or experimental sta-
tion, in connection with any university, college, or institution not dis-
tinctively an agricultural college or school, and such State shall have estab-
lished or shall hereafter establish a separate agricultural college or school,
which shall have connected therewith an experimental farm or station, the
legislature of such State may api^y in whole or in part the appropriation by
this act made, to such separate agricultural college or school, and no legisla-
ture shall by contract express or implied disable itself fix>m so doing.

Sbc. 9. That the grants of money* authorized by this act are made sol^ect
to the legislative assent of the several States and Territories to the purposes
of said grants : Provided, That payment of such instalmen ts of the appropria-
tion herein made as shall become due to any State before the adjournment of
the regular session of its legislature meeting next after the passage of this
act shall be made upon the assent of the governor thereof duly certified to
the Secretary of the Treasury.

Sbc. 10. Nothing in this act shall be held or construed as binding the
United States to continue any payment from the Treasury to any or all the

* The grants of money to carry out the provisions of this act amounted in
1887-88 to 1585,000, in 1888-69 to $595,000, in 1889-90 to $600,000, and for
1890>91 the amount estimated is $6:U),000.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODB. 151

States orinstitutioiiB mentioned in this -act, bnt CongresB may at any time
amend, suspend, or repeal any or all the provisionB of this act.
Approved, March 2, 1867.

APPENDIX E.

A UBT OF STATE UNIVERSITIES AND FBDERAL-LA2n>*aRA19T COLUBGBS, WITH

THE DATES OF THEIR ORGANIZATION.

Note.— Most of the State Universities owe their origin wholly or in part
to federal land grants in connection with the Morrill Act, or by special acts
passed by Congress. The thirteen original States and six others have re-
ceived no land grants, except for agrlonltural and mechanical colleges. All
the territories have had land grants for educational purposes, except the
District of Columbia and Alluka. Of the thirteen original States only
foar— Virginia, Georgia, and North and South Carolina — ^have founded and
maintained State universities; six^Massachusetts, Connecticut, Penn-
sylvania, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire — founded in co-
lonial days institutions which have become practicidly State universities ;
New York, thoagh fairly liberal to its colleges, has never concentrated its
patronage; Maryland and Delaware have practically ignored the university
question. In the other States without grants — ^Vermont, Maine, Kentucky,
TennesseCyTexas, and West Virginia—the efforts to found State institutions
have been attended with much difficulty, and it is evident to one who
studies the subject that their educational systems are probably much less
prosperous than they would have been had they received assistance fh>m the
general government similar to that given their sister States.*

In the following list institutions wholly or m part supported by the
State are designated by the symbol t. Institutions organised or extended
in scope in connection with the Morrill Act of 1862 are designated by the
symbol *. Institutions maintained in connection with the Hatch Act are
designated by the symbol /^. Institutions whose names are indented, are
subordinated to those which precede them.

The total amount of land given by the general government, for State
educational work, has been 1,995,920 acres. The total amount appropriated
by the States for higher education is shown by Blackmar to have been
•27,475,646.

I am indebted to Prof. F. W. BUickmar, Prof. W. O. Atwater, and Mr. A.
C. True for the facts embodied in the following tables:

ALABAMA.

(Territory, 1817; State, 181D; Land Gnat, 1818-10.)

t University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 181^21.
* Alabama Aqrigultural and Mechanical College, Auburn, 1872.
A Aqricultoral Experiment Station, Auburn, 1883.

AtCANEBRAKE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Unioutown,

1885.

Alabama Historical Society, Tuscaloosa, 1851.
No scientific society in the State.

*See Blaekmar's: '* Federal and State Aid to Higher Edncation.^'

152 AMERICAN HISTOBICAL ASSOCIATION.

ALASKA.

(Territory, 1872.)

No colleges.

AlAska Historical Society, Sitka, 1890.

Society of Alaskau Natural History and Ethnology, Sitka^ 1887.

ARIZONA.
(Territory, 1863 ; Land Grant, 1881.) .

Ukivsssitt of Arizona, Tncson^l889.
College of Aqriculturb, Ukiv. of Arizona, Tucaon, 1889.

No historical or scientific society.

ARKANSAS.
(Territory. 1819 ; SUte, 1836 ; Land Grant, 1886.)

•f Arkansas Industrial University, Fayetteville, 1868-72.
^ Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville,
1888.

(Sab-stations at Pine Blufi", Newport, and Texarkana.)

Arkansas Historical Society, Little Rock.
No scientific society.

CALIFORNIA.
(Territory, 1846 ; State, 1850 ; Land Grant, 1863.)

t* University of Caufornia, Berkeley, 1868-69.

College of Agriculture, Mechanics, Mining, Engineering,
AND Chemistry, Univ. of Cal., Berkeley, 1866-68.
A Agricultural Experiment Station, Univ. of Cal.,
Berkeley, 1876 and 1888.
(Outlying stations at Paso Robles, Tulare, Jackson, Cupertino,
Fresno, Misssion San Jos6.)

California Historical Society, San Francisco.
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, 1854.

COLORADO.
(Territory, 1861 ; SUte, 1876 ; Land Grant, 1875.)

t University of Colorado, Boulder, 1875-77.
* State Agricultural College, Ft. Collins, 1879.
A Agricultural Experibcent Station of Colorado, Ft. Collins^
1888.

(Sub-stations at Del Norte and Rocky Ford.)
t State School of Mines, Golden, 1874.

Colorado State Historical Society, Denver.
Colorado Scientific Society, Denver.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — QOODE. 153

CONNECTICUT.

(Settled, 1634; State, 1788.)

Yalr UmvERSiTY, New Haven, ItOO.

• Sheffield Scientific School of Yale Unxvermtt, 1847 and 1864.
At CoxNECTicuT Agricultural Experiment Station, New HaveD,

1875 and 1877.
Storrs Agricultural School, Mansfield, 1881.

Storrs School Agricultural Experiment Station, 1888.

Connecticnt Academy of Sciences,- New Haven, 1799.
Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, 1825.

DAKOTA, NORTH.
(Territory of Dakota, 1861 ; State, 1889 ; Land Grant. 1881.)

(f) University op North Dakota, Oiand Forks, 188^-4.
North Dakota Agricultural College, Fargo, 1890.

No State historical or scientific society.

DAKOTA, SOUTH.

(State. 1889 ; Land Grant, 1881.)

(f) University op South Dakota, VermiUiop, 1883.

t South Dakota Agricultural College, Brookings, 1889.
South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Brookings,

1888.
South Dakota School of Mines, Rapid City, 1886. .

No State historical or scientific society.

DELAWARE.

(Settled, 1({38; State, 1787.)

t* Delaware College, Newark, 1834, 1851, and 1871.
A Delaware College Agricultural Experiment Station, Newark*
1888.

Historical Society of Delaware, Wilmington, 1884.
No scientific society.

FI^ORIDA.

(Territory, 1821; State, 1845; Land Grant, 1845.)

* Florida State Ag'l and Mechanical College, Lake City, 1884.

c^ Agricultural Experiment Station of Florida, Lake City, 1888.

Historical Society of Florida, St. Angnstine.

GEORGIA.

(Settled, 1782; State, 1788.)

t* University of Georgia, Athens, [1784], 1801.

Georgia State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts,
of the University of Georgia, Athens, 1872.
A Georgia agricultural Experiment Station, Athens, 1888.

154 AHEfilCAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Southwest GsoRaiA Aobicultural Collkob, Univ. of Oa.,

Cathbert, 1879.
North Gborgia Aobicultural Collbgb, Univ. of Ga., Dahlonega,

1873. ♦

Wbst Georgia Agricultural and Mechanical Collsgb, Hamil-

toD, 18H2.
Middle Georgia Miutart and Agricultural College, Univ. of

*Ga., Milledgeville, 1880.
South Georgia College of Agriculture and the Mechanic

Arts, University of Georgia, Thomasville, 1879.
t Atlanta University (colored), Atlanta, 1859.

Georgia Historical Society, Savaniiali, 1839.
No scientific society.

ILLINOIS.
(Territory, 1809; State, 1818 ; Land GmU, 1804 and 1818.)

t University of Illinois, Urbana, 1868. (Formerly Illinois Indostrial
University.

* College of Agriculture of the University of Ii^nois,

Urbana, 1867.
A Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of
Ilunois, Champaign, 1888.

Illinois State Historical Society, Champaign.
No State scieutlfic society.

INDIANA.
(TerriUny, 1800; State, 1816; Land Grantii, 1804 and 1816.)

t Indiana University, Blooroington, 182(K'96. (Successor to Vincennes

University, 180G.
" Purdue University," Lafayette, 1874.

* School of Agriculture, Horticulture, and Veterinary Sci*

ENCE OF Purdue University, Lafayette, 1873.
A Agricultural Station of Indiana, Lafayette, 1887.

Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, 1832.
Indiana Academy of Sciences (unlocalized), 1885.

IOWA.

(Territory, 1838; SUte, 1846; LandGnnt, 184S.)

t State University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1847-'60.
* Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mkchanic Arts, Ames,
1858; opened for stadents October 21, 1868.
A Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, 1H88.

Iowa State Historical Society, Iowa City.
Davenport Academy of Sciences, Davenport, 1867.
Iowa Academy of Sciences, Iowa City, 1875.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOOD£. 156

KANSAS.'
(Territery, 1867; State, 1861; Lmd Gmit, 1861.)

t UxiYBBSiTT OF KANSAS, Lawieiice, 1861-'68.

* Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan, 1803.

A Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattau, 1888.

Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka.
Kansas Academy of Science, Topeka, 1868.

KENTUCKY.

(State, 1792.)

* Agricultural and Mroranical College of Kentucky, Lexington,

1865; reorganized 1880. (Successor to Transylvania University, or-
ganized 1798.)
A Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington, 1885.

Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort.
No State scientific society.

LOUISIANA.

(Territory, 1803; State, 1812; Land Grants, 1806, 1811. 1887.)

Tulanb University of Louisiana, New Orleans, 1847.
t SouTHERk University (colored), New Orleans, 1880.
t* Louisiana bTATs University and Agricultural and Mechanical
College, Baton Rouge, 1873; reorganized 1877.

C Sugar Experiment Station No. 1, Kenner, 1885.
A t J *• " " "2, Baton Rouge, 1886.

( North Louisiana Experiment Station, Calhoun, 1888.
Louisiana Historical Society, Bacon Rouge.
No State scientific society.

MAINE.
' (SetUed, 1882 ; SUte. 1820.)

* Maine State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts,

Orono, 1865.1
A Maine State College Agricultural Experiment Station,
Orono, 1885 and 1887.

Maine Historical Society, Portland, 1822.
No State scientific society.

MARYLAND.

(Settied, 1631 ; SUte 1788.)

[University of Maryland, organized 1784, abandoned 1805.]

* Maryland Agricultural Coli^ge, Agricultural College [1856],

1859.

I State grants bav6 been made to Bowdoin College, 1794-1802, and to
Colby Upiversity, formerly Watery ille College, 1818.

156 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSPCUTION.

A Maryland Aoricultural Expbbiicbnt Statiok, Agricnliaral
CoUege, 1868.

Maryland Aoademy of Sciences, 1822.
Maryland Historioal Society, Baltimore.

MASSACHUSETTS,

(Settled 1620; SUte, 1788.)

Harvard Universitt, Cambridge, 1636.*

* Massachusetts Institute of Tbohnologt, Boston, 1863-'65.
^Massachusetts Agricultural Colleok, Amherst, 1856, 1863, and

1867.
t Massachusetts State Agricultural Experiment Station, Am-
herst, 18e^2 and 1888.
A Hatch Experiment Station of Massachusetts Agricult-
ural College, Amherst, 1888.

American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1780.
Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.

MICHIGAN.

(Territory, 1805; State, 1896; Land Grant, 1836.)

t Univxrsitt OF Michigan, Ann Arbor [1817], 1836, 1840.

* Michigan Agricultural College, Agrionltnral College [1865], 1857.
A Experiment Station of Michigan Agricultural Collbox,

Agncultnral College, 1888.

Historical Society of Michigan, Detroit.
No academy of sciences.

MINNESOTA,
(Territory, 1849 ; State, 1868 ; Land Granta, 1867, 1861. and 1870.)

t* University of Minnesota, Minneapolis [1857], 1868.

CollegIe of Agriculture and Mechanic^ Arts of the Uni-
vxrsitt of Minnesota, Saint Anthony Park, 1868.

t State School of Agriculture of the University of Minne-
sota, Saint Anthony Park, 1888.

A Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of
Minnesota, Saint Anthony Park, 1886.

Minnesota Historical Society, St. Panl.
Minnesota Academy of Science, Minneapolis, 1873.
St. Paul Academy of Sciences, St. PauL

MISSISSIPPI.

(Territory, 1798; Stote, 1817; Land Grants, 1803, 1819.)

[Jefferson College, Washington, 1803 — discootinned.]
t University of Mississippi, Oxford, 1874.

^ The appropriations by the State to Harvard have amounted to $784,793,
in addition to 46,000 acres of land. The State has also given $157,500 to
Williams, and $52,500 to Amherst.— Blackmar. *

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOODE. 157

* Agbicultubal and Mechanical College. of Missisaippi, Agrionlt-

aral College (Starkville), 1880.
^Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultaral
CoUpge, 1888.

* Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College (colored), Rod-

ney, 1871, leorganized in 1878.

Miflsissippi Historical Society, Jackspn.
No academy of sciences.

MISSOURI.
(Territory, 1812 ; SUte, 1821 ; Lmd Gnrnto; 1818 vid 1830.)

t* University of Missouri, Colambia [1820], 1839.

Missouri Agricultural and Mechanical College of t^ib Uni-
versity OF Missouri, Columbia, 1870.
A Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, 1881.

* Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy of the Univ. of

Mo., RoUa, 1670.

Missoari Historical Society, St. Louis.
St. Louis Academy of Sciences, 1857.

MONTANA.

(Territory, 1804; Land Orant, 188L)

CoLLBOt OF Montana, Deer Lodge, 1883.
Montana Historical Society, Helena.

NEBRASKA.
' (Territory. ISfiO; Stote. 1867 ; Land Grant. 1881.)

t* University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 1869.

Industrial College of the Uni^versity of Nebraska, Lincoln,
1869; opened for students 1871.
A Agricultural Experiment Station of Nebraska, Lincoln, 1887.

Nebraska State Historical Society, Lincoln, 1878.
No scientific society.

NEVADA.

(Territory. 1881 ; Stoto, 1884 ; Land Grant. 1806.)

t * State University of Nevada, Reno [1865], 1874.

School of Agriculture of the Nevada State University, BenO|

1877.
A Nevada State Agricultural Station, Reno.

No scientific or historical society.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

(Settled, 1619; State. 1788.)

Dartmouth College, Hanover. [1758], 1770.
* New Hampshire Col;lege of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts
(in connection with P^rtmontb College), Hanover, [1866], 1868,

» •

158 AMEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

A Nxw HAMPflHiBB Agricultural Ezpbriuxnt Station, Hanover,
1888.

m New HampehiTe Historical Society, Concord, 1823.

No academy of science.

NEW JERSEY.
(Settled, 1614.20 ; Stale, 1787.)

College of New Jersey, Princeton, 1746.
* Rutgers Scientific School of Rutgers College, New Brunswick.
Made State. College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arte [1864],
1865.
t New Jersey State Agricultural Experiment Station, New

Brunswick, 1880.
/L New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station, New
Brunswick, 1888. ^

New Jersey Historical Society, Newark, 1845.
No academy of science.

NEW MEXICO.

(Territory 1850 ; Lend Gnut, 1864.)

University of New Mexico, Santa F6, 1881.
t Agricultural College of New Mexico, Las Cruses. Established by
Territorial Legislature, 188&-89. ^ '

Historical Society of New Mexico, Santa F^.

NEW YORK.

Settled. 1613 ; State, 1788.

The University of New York, 1787, is not a teaching body. It is in
indirect relationship with Columbia College, 1754, Union College,
Hamilton College, and numerous collegiate and technical schools.

* Cornell University, Ithaca [1865], 1868.
College of Agriculture of Cornell University, Ithaca, 1886.

A Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca,
1879.
t New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, 1882.

New York Historical Society, New York, 1804.
New York Academy of Sciences, 1817.

NORTH CAROLINA.

(Settled 1653; Stete. 1789.)

t University of North Carolina, Cbapel Hill [1789], 1795.

* North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts,
Raleigh. Established by State, 1889.

/^ t North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, IMeij^h,
1877 and 1887.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— GOODE. 159

OHIO.

. (Territory, 1768; State. 1B03 ; Luid Grantt, 1702 And 1803.1

Ohio Ukivrrsity, Athens. 1804.
MiAjfi Univebsity, Oxford, 1809, 1816.
1 * Ohio State Univkrsitt, ColUmbiu. Chartered 1870 ; organised, Sep-
tember 17« 1873.
A Ohio Aorioultural Expbrimsnt Station, Columbna, 1882 and 1888.

« Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, Cincinnati.

No State scientific society.

OREGON.

* (Territorsr, 1848 ; State, 1859.)

t University of Oregon, Eugene City, [ISSOJ, 1876.

* Oregon State Agricultural College, Corvallis, 1888.

A Oregon Experiment Station, Corvaliis, 1886.

Pioneer and Historical Society, Astoria.
No scientific society.

PENNSYLVANIA.

(SetUed. 1826; State, 1787.)

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1751.

* Pfnnsylvania State College, State College, 1859, 1862, and 1874.
At Pennsylvania State College Agricultural Experimbnt Sta-
tion, State College, 1887.

American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1709.
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1824.

RHODE ISLAND.
(Settled, 1636; State. 1790.)

* Brown University, Providence, 1764.

Agricultural and Scientific Department of Brown Uniter-
8ITY, Providence,
t Rhode Island State Agricultural School, Kingston, 1888.
A Rhode Island State Agricultural College Experimental Sta-
tion, Kingston, 1888.

Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

(Settled, 1670; State, 1768.)

f * University of South Carouna, Columbia, 1801 ; reorganized, 1865.
South Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts,

University of South Carolina, Colnmbia, 1879.
A South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Colum-
bia, 1888.

* Clafun University and South Carouna Agricultural Colusgb

and Mechanics' Institute, (Dept. of Univ. of S. C.) Orangeburg,
1872.

South Carolina Historical Society, Charle9ton.

160 American historical association.

tennessee.

(Territory, 1790; State. 1796.)

Univbrsitt of Nashville (Camberland College), 1806; discontinaed,

1875.
t* University op Tennessee, Knoxville, 1806.

State Agricultural and Mechanical College of the Univer-
sity OF Tennessee, Knoxyille, 1869.
A Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, Knoxyil|e|
1882 and 1887.

Tennessee Historical Society, Nashville.

TEXAS.

(Annexed, 1846; State, 1845.)

t University of Texas, Austin [1839], 1866.

* State Agricultural and Mechanix:;al College of Texas, College

Station [1871], 1876.
A Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, 1888.

No historical or scientific society.

UTAH-

(Territory, 1850 ; Land Grant, 1855.)

University of Deseret, Salt Lake City, 1850.
t Utah Agricultural ColLege, Logan City. Established by Terrir
torial Legislatare, March 8, 1888.

VERMONT.

(Settled, 1755-58; State, 1791.)

* University of Vermont [1791], 1800, and

State Agricultural College, BnrliDgton, 1865-^67.
At Vermont State Agricultural Experiment Station, Burlington,
1887.

Vermont Historical Society, Montpelier.

VIRGINIA.

(Settled, 1600; State, 1788.)

[College of Henrico. Projected in 1620.]
William and Mary College, Williamsbnrgh, 1691.
t University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1819.

* Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, Blacksbnrg,

1872.
A Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg, 1888.

* Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Hampton, Organ-

ized by American Missionary Society, April, 1868 ; reorganised nnder
charter from State, June, 1870.

Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, 1831.

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS — GOODE. 161

WASHINGTON.

(Torritory, 1853 ; State, 1889.)
tlNiVERfiiTY OF Washikoton, Seattle, 1862.

WEST VIRGINIA.

(State, 1862.)

t* Wkst Virginia University, Morgantown, 1867.^

Agricultural Department of West Virginia University, Mor-
gan towu. '
A West Virginia Experiment Station, Morgantown, 1888.

West Virginia Historical Society, Morgantown.

WISCONSIN.

(Territory, 1836 ; State, 1847 ; Land Grautd, 1846 and 1854.)

f * University of Wisconsin, Madison [1838], 1848.

Department op Agriculture of the University of Wisconsin,

Madison, 1866.
A t Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of
Wisconsin, Madison, 1883 and 1888.

Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison.

Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, Madison, 1870.

WYOMING.

(Territory, 1868; State. 1889.)

University of Wyoming, Laramie City.

Wyoming Academy of Arts, Science, and Letters, Cheyenne.

8. Mis. 170 11

A PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PUBLISHED WORKS OF
MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

By Paul Leicester Ford, of Brooklyn^ N. ¥,

Adams, Charles Francis. Address on the Two Hundred and Fiftieth An-
niversary of the Permanent Settlement of Weymouth, Mass., July 4,
1874. Boston. 1874.

Adams, Charles Francis. Railroa^ls : their Origin and Problems. The
Genesis of the Railroad System. New York, 1878.

Adams, Charles Francis. The Earliest Explorations and Settlement of
Boston Harbor.

Memorial Kitfory of BotUtn, Vol. i, Chap. 3. Boston, 1880.

Adams, Charles Francis. The Canal and Railroad Enterprise of Boston.
Memorial Hi»tory o/ Boston, Vol. iv, Chap. 5. Beaton, 1881.

AdamSi Charles Francis. Thomas Morton, of Merry Monnt.
The New English Canaan, Prince Society Edition. BoBton, 1883.

Adams, Charles Francis. Sir Christopher Gardiner, Knight.

Proceedings of Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. xx. Boston, 1683.

Adams, Charles Francis. Qnincy.

Bistory of Norfolk Cotmty, 3[ass,, Chap, xxili. Boston, 1384.

Adams, Charles Kendall. Outlines of Lectures on th^ Growth of Lib-
erty in England. 1870.

Adams, Charles Kendall. - Democracy and Monarchy in France. New
York, 1874; Stuttgart, Germany, 1875.

Adams, Charles Kendall. The Relations of Higher Education to Na-
tional Prosperity. 1876.

Adams, Charles Kendall. Historical Sketch of the University of Michi-
gan. 1876.

Adams, Charles Kendall. Outlines of Lectures on the English Govern-
ment and the Rise of Prussia. 1876.

Adams, Charles Kendall. Higher Education and the State ; the Lesson
of Colonial Days. 1878.

Adams, Charles Kendall. Manual of Historical Literature. 1882.

Adams, Charles Kendall. British Orations. 1884.

Adams, Charles Kendall. Development of Higher Education in the
United States. 18a5.

Adams, CHARr.ES Kendall. A Plea for Scientific Agriculture. 1886.

Adams, Charles Kendall. A Word in Behalf of Agricultural Experiment
Stations. 1886.

Adams, Charles Kendall. Higher Education in Germany. 1886.

163

164 AMERICAN HIST0RI(3AL ASSOCIATION.

Adam6| Charles Kendall. Report on the Establiahment of a Law School
at Cornell University. 1887.

Adams, Charles Kendall. The Morrill Land Grant. 1887.

Adams, Charles Kendall. Washington and the Higher Education. 1888.

A DAMS, Charles Kendall. Contemporary Life and Thought in the United
States. 1888.

Adams, Charles Kendall. The Situation in Europe. 1888.

Adai^s, Charles Kendall. The Defeat of President Cleveland. 1889.
' Adams, Charles Kendall. Discussion: Defects in our Present Educa-
tional Processes. 18H9.

Adams, Charles Kendall. The Outlook of Higher Education. 1888.

Adams, Charles Kendall. The Policy of Russia in the East. 1888.

Adams, Charles Kendall. The Public School Question. 1888.

Adams, Charles Kendall. The Teaching of Pedagogy in Colleges and
Universities. 1888.

Adams, George Burton. History Primers. Medieval Civilization. By
George Burton Adams, Professor of History in Drury College. New-
York. D. Appleton & Co. 1883.
18mo, pp. 142. Editions, 2,000 copiea.

Adams, George Burton. The Origin of the Feudal System.

The Andover Revieio, Yol. vii, Xo. 40, April, 1887, p. 366, and No. 41, May, 1887,
p. 505.

Adams, George Burton. A Note on a Point of Mediaeval History. The
year 1000.

New Englander and Yale Uetiew, Vol. xii, Ko. 77, May, 1888* p. 360.

Adams, Henry, editor. The Writings of Albert Gallatin, Philadelphia :
J. B. Lippincott Sc Co., 1879.

Vol. I. Lettors, etc. [1788-June 7, 1816], pp. xir, 707.
Vol. II. Letters, etc. [ Jnly 12, 1816-May 8, 1848], pp. ix, 666.
Vol. HI. Speeches and papers [1796-1847] (6), 646.

Adams, Henry, editor. Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law. Little, Brown, &
Co., Boston. Macnaillau & Co., Loudon, 1876.
8vo, pp. xii, 302.

Contents: The Anglo-Saxon court« of law, by Henry Adams, pp. 1-54. The
Anglo-Saxon land-law, by Henry Cabot Lodge, pp. 55-119. The Anglo-Saxon
family law, by Ernest Young, pp. 121-182. The Anglo-Saxon legal prooeduro, by
J. Laurence Langhlln. pp. 183-305. Select cases in Anglo-Saxon law. pp. 307-383.

Adams, Henry, editor. Documents relating to New England Federalism.
1800-1815. Boston : Little, Brown & Co., 1877.
8vo, pp. xi, 437.

Adams, Henry, joint anthor. Chapters of Erie, and other essays. By
Charles F. Adams, jr., and Henry Adams. Boston : James R. Osgood
& Co., 1871.

8vo, pp. (4) 429.

The essays by Henry Adams in this collection are :

The New York Gold Conspiracy, pp. 100-134.

Captaine John Smith, pp. 192-22^.

The Bank of England Restriction, pp. 225-268.

British Finance in 1816, pp. 269-302.

The Legal-Tender Act, by Francis A. Walker and Henry Adams, pp. 303-333.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FOBD. 1 65

Adams, Hbnrt. The Life of Albert Gallatin. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippin-
cott & Co., 1880.

8vo, pp. (6) 697, 2 poriraita.

Adams, Henry. American Statesmen. John Randolph. Boston: Hough-
ton, Mifflin &' Co,, 1883.
8vo, pp. vl, 318.

Adams, Hbnry. History of the United States of America during the first
admimstration of Thomas Jefferson. New York: Charles Soribuer's
Sons, 1889.

2 vola., 8vo.

Vol. I. [1801-1803] pp. (6) 446.

Vol. n. {1803-1805] pp. (3) 450 [Index, pp. 430-456], 1 map.

Adams, Hkrbkrt Baxter. Maryland's influence in founding a National
Commonwealth, embracing two minor papers on Washiiigton^s Land-
Speculations and Washington's Public Spirit in opening a channel of
Trade between the East and the West.

Maryland Hittorieal Society, Fund Publication, No. 11, 1877.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The Thomas Adams ifnd Thomas Hastings
Families of Amherst, Massachusetts. Privately printed, Amherst,
1880.
ADAMSf Herbert Baxter. Translation of Blnntschli's Essay on the Serv-
ice^of Francis Lieber to Political Science and International Law.
JnUmatiojial Iteviexo, January, 1880.
Bepriiit«d In Lieber's Miscellaneous Wrxtings, Vol. li.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The Germanic Origin of New England Towns.
Abstract in Harvard Univergity Bulletin, Jaoe, 1881. Printed in Univernty
Studies, 1882.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The Origin of Stockbridge and of Village Im-
provement in Berkshire.
* Berkshire Cotirier, Groat BarriDgton, Mass., August 30, 1882.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Historical Reviews in The Nation, Lodge's
Short History of the English Colonists in America (May 26, 1881).
Yorktown (October 13, 1881). Draper's King's Mountain (December 1,
18:51). Freemau^s Subject and Neighbour-lands of Venice (February
9, 1882). Libraries in Baltimore (February 9, 1882). The St. Clair
Papers (May 4, 1882). Freeman's William Rufus (June 22, 1882).

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Plymouth Rock Restored.

Magazine of American History, December, 1882, and January, 1883.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Norman Constables in America.

New England Historic, Genealogical Society, Proc., April, July, 1882; University
Studies, 1883; see, also, article on "Constable," in the Supplement to the Bncyelo-
peedia Britannica.

Adams, Herbrrt Baxter. Saxon Tithingmen in America.

American Antiquarian Society, Proe., Vol. i, pt. 3; University Studies, 1888.

Adams, Herbert 'Baxter. Village Communities in America, comprising
seven minor papers.

Historical CoUeetions of Essex Institute, Vol. XIX; republished as "Cape Ann
and Salem Plantations," in University Studies, Vol. i; aee, also, article on "Com-
mons," in the Supplement to the Encyclopcpdia Britannica.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The Pilgrim Fathers as Colonists.

UriiversUy Circulars, 7.

16*6 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Mr. Freeman's Visit to Baltimore ; Preface to
Freeman's Introdnction to American Institutional History.
Univtr$ity Studies, Vol. I. No. 1, 1883.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Co-operation in Uui varsity Work.

HUt and Polii. Studies, Vol. I, Ko. 2, 1883.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. A New Historical Movement.
The Kation, New York, September 18. 1884.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Special Methods of Historical Study in Q.

Stanley Hall's Pedafcogical Library, Vol. i, 1883, extended 1885.
Adams, Herbert Baxter. New Methods of Study in History.
Journal qf Soeial Seienee. Saratoga. Papers of 1883.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Methods of Historical Study.

University Studies, Vol. il, 1884.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Blnntschli's Life- Work.
Privately printed. Baltimore, 1884.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Methods of Historical Study.*

University Studies, 2d aeries, 1-11, 1884.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The Society to Encourage Studies at Home.
The Independent, September 17, 1885.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Maryland's lufluence upon Land Cessions to
the^nit«d States, with Minor Papers on George Washington's Interest
in Western Lands, the Potomac Company, and a National University.
University Studies, 3d aeries, No. 1, 1885.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. English Views on the Study of History.

The Index, October 8, 1885.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. History at Harvard University.
Education, May. Jauo, 1886.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. History at Columbia College.

Education, October, 1888. •

Adams, Herbert Baxter. History at Yale University.
Education, January, 1887.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The Land Question, National Problems,
Article xxxvi.

Boston Times, September 6, 1886.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Notes on the Literature of Charities.

Report of the Oof\ference on Charities. Baltimore, 1887.
Also, in University Studies, 6tb series, Ko. 8, 1887.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The Government of Cities.

The Beacon. Boston. February 12, 1887.

Adams, Hkrbkkt Baxter. The College of William and Mary : a Contri-
bution to the History of Higher Education, with suggestions for its
National Promotion.

U. S. Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 1, 1887.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Leopold von Kanke.

American Academy of Arte and Sciences, Proceedings, Vol. xxii, pt. 2.

Also, in Proceedings of American Historical Asiociation, Vol. Ill, with an
account of "Ranke anil tbe Historical commisr^ion of tbe Bavarian Academy of
Sciences," and "Biblio^raitbioal notes on Leopold von Ranke."

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The Study of History in American Colleges
and Universities.

U. S. Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 2, 1887. •

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 167

Adams, Hekbert Baxter. Seminary Libraries and University Extension.

TTnivtrtity Studies, dth series, 1887.

Adams, Hbbbbrt Baxter. L'Acad^mie des fitats-Uais de PAm^nqne.
Tke Academy. Syracuse, K. Y.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Thomas Jefferson and the University of

Virginia.

V. 8. Bureau of Education^ Oireular of Jnformaiion, No. 1, 1888.^

AdaMs, Herbert Baxter. Pioneer Work of Jared Sparks.
Magazine o/Afnerican Itietory, July, 1888.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Higher Education of the People. A recent

experiment in Buffalo.

OktrieHan Univn, May 17, 1888.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Higher Education of the People. Recent Ex-
periments in Baltimore.

- The Independent, Jane 7, 1888.

A1>AMS, Herbert Baxter. Higher Education of the People. The Work
of Chautauqua.

The Independent, September and October, 1888.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Boys' Clubs in Baltimore.

The Ohrietian Vnion, June 21, 1888.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The Encouragement of Higher Education.

Johns Hopkine University Cireulars, March, 1889, and in notes supplementary to
University Studies, No. 3, 1889.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Charles Dickinson Adams. In Memorlam.

Priraiely printed. Baltimore, 1889.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Work among Working Women in Baltimore.

Christian Union, June 6 and 13, 1889.

Also, in Notes Supplementary to University Studies, No. 6, 1889.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. The State and Higher Education.

An address before the Department of Superintendence, Washington, D. C,
March 8, 1889.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Reports of the Proceedings of the American
Historical Association, 1885-'89.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Contributions to American EducationaF His-
tory, Nos. 1-8, 1888-^90.

Adams, Herbert Baxter, editor. Johns Hopkins University Studies in
Historical and Political Science, Series 1-7, 1882-89; Extra volumes 1-
G, 1886-'89; Notes Supplementary to the Studies 1-8, 1889.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Review of Recent Historical Literature in the
United States.

lUvue Jlistorigue. Paris, 1890.

Adams, Sherma?< Wolcott, joint author. Paris in December, 1851, or
The Coup d'Etat of Napoleon III. By Eugene T^not, author of <<La
Province en D^cembre 1851.'' Translated from the thirteenth French

168 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

edition y with many Origiaal Notee. By S. W. Adams and A. H. Bran-
don. New. York : Hurd & Houghton, Cambridge Riverside Preas, 1870.

12iDO, pp. XV, 350.

Reviewed by Tfie Xaticn, New York, the Hartford Courant, and iHiroe of the
New York daily preaa, contemporaneously with publication of the volume.
Most of*the translation and all of the annotation was the work o( Mr. Adams.
One edition, 1,200 cojiiea. not eleotiotypod.

Adams, Sukrman Wolcott. Tbo Andros Government, Chap, iv, i; The
lionch and Bar, Chap, vi, i; The Militia, Chap, ix, i; The Town;
Wethersfield, Chftp. xxv, ii ; Rocky Hill, Chap, xxvi, ii, of the Me-
morial Hi.story of Hartford County, Connecticut, 1633-1HS4. Editied
by J. Hammond Trumbull, LL.D. Boston: Edward L. Osgood, 138G.
2 vols., lai'ge 8vo, pp. 704 and 570.

Adams, Sherman Wolcott. Report of the Secretary of State and State
Librarian [of Connecticut] to tho General Assembly on Ancient Court
Records. Hartford: The Case, Lock wood &.Bratnard Co.* Printers.
8vo, pp. 38.

See the report for mention of the work of Mr. Adams.

■

Adams, Shkrman Wolcott. Documents and Memoranda relating to the
Origin and Present Status of The Hartford Library Company ; The
Hartford Library Association ; The Connecticut Historical Society ;
Wadsiitorth Atheniuum and The Watkinson Library. Compiled under
the direction of the Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, 1881).
8vo, pp. (about) 100. In press.

In this work, the compilation is mainly by Mr. Adams; and the notes, signed
with the initials " S. "W. A. ", are his.

Adler^ Cyrus. Catalogue of the Leeser Library. Philadelphia, 1883.

Adler, Cyrus. Spelling Reform.
Amt^rieari, Angnst 11, 1883.

Adlkr, Cyrus. Recent Discoveries Concerning Nimrod.

Art}£ri4Mn, August 2, 1884.

Adler, Cyrus. The Revision of the Bible.
AmfHean, June 13, 1885.

Adler, Cyrus. Ancient Education.
A^neriean, June 12, 1886.

Adler, Cyrus. The University Extension Movement.

American, Anj^st 7, 1886.

Admcr, Cyrus. The Clock an Index of Culture. (Review of Spitzer
. "DirUhr.")

American, August 28, 1886. *

Adler, Cyrus. Assyriological Notices to the Old Testament.
Awieruran, (October 2, 1886.

Adler, Cyrus. The History of Jewish Literature.

American, January 1, 1887.

Adler, Cyrus. Modern Palestine.

American, May 14, 1887. «

Adler, Cyrus. Tho Bible and Assyrian Study.

American, July 16 and 23, 1887.

Adler, Cyrus. Catalogue of the Cohen Library. Baltimore, 1887.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 169

Adler, Cyrus. Announcement oiF a proposed complete edition of the
works of Edward Hincks, with a biographical iutrodnction and por-
trait of the author.

Prncetdingg of the American Oriental Society, May, 1888, pp. xxii-xxvii; ibid.,
October, pp. ci-civ.

Adler, Cyrus. Assyfiology in Japan.

• Proceedings of the American Oriental Society, October, 1889.

Ai>LER, Cyrus. Reviews in 77*c Jwmca n (Philadelphia): Besant's Life of
Edward Henry Palmer, October i:3, 1863; Osborn's Ancient Egypt in
the Light of Modern Discoveries, November 24, 1883; Sayce^s Fresh
Light from the Ancient Monuments, March 1, 1884; Say ce's Ancient
Empires of the East, October 25, 1884 ; Supplement to Skeat's Etymolo-
gical Dictionary, November 8, 1H84 ; Budge's Babylonian Life and His-
tory, December 27, 1884 ; Wright^s Empire of the liittites, January 31,
188.'>; William Tyndale^s Pentateuch, edited by J. I. Mombert, Febru-
ary 21, 1885 ; Sayce*8 Introduction to the Books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and
Esther, June 6, 1885; *'Die Medizin dcr Talmudisten" of Dr. Josef
Bergel, June 27, 1885 ; Vicker's " History of Herod," November 7, 1885;
Chester's "Chronicles of the Customs," November ^4, 1885; Sayce's
"Assyria, its Princes, Priests, and People," January 23, 1886; H. B.
Adams' " William and Mary College," June 4, 1887 ; Conder's Altaic
Hieroglyphs and Hittite Inscriptions, September 17, 1887; Seidel's In-
dustrial Education, April 14, 1888; Sayce's Hibbert Lectures, June 16,
1888; Renan's History of Israel, Vol. I, December 1 and 8, 1888; Vol.
II, August 3 and 10, 1889; Sayce's Hittites, April 27, 1889; Records'of
the PJwt, Vol. I, May 18, 1889 ; Rajoziu's Media, March 10, 1889 ; Jast-
row's Dictionary, September 21, 1889. Xaiion (N. Y.) : " Studia Bibll-
ca," March 18, 1886 ; Hosmer*8 Story of the Jews, May 27, 1880 ; Raw-
lingson's Egypt and Babylon, April, 1887; Rawliugsou's Story of Phoj-
nicia, August 29, 1889. Andover Bevietv : Menaut's Assyria, August,
1887.

Adler, Ctrus. The City of Harran. Notes on its name and history.

Johns Uopkim University Gireulars, No. 32, July, 1884, pp. 12C, 127.
The Biblical Harran in identical with Kappat, Carnn, famod in (jlreek and Roman
hlfttory. Thtt name is derived from Babylonian b^rrdnu, "highway."

Adlkr, Cyru8. Semitic Languages in the Encyclopjedia Britanuica.
Proceeding Avterican Philoloffieal Association, July, 1887, pp. xiv-xvii.

Adler, Cyrus. The Legends of Semiramis and the Nimrod Epic.
Johns Hopkins University Circulars, No. 65, January, 1887.

Adler, Cyrus. The Views of the Babylonians concerning Life after Death.
. Andover Review, July, 1888, pp. 92-101; abstract in Journal American Oriental
Society, Vol. xni, pp. coxxxviii-ccxliii.

The Aj«.<)yn>-Babylonians believed in a future life. Reward and puuishnieut,
however, were awarded in the flesh. A few of the favorites of the gods were
traiwlated to the iKios of the blessed and continued to enjoy the same sort of exist-
ence they had in the upper world.

Adler, Cykus. The Death of Sennacherib and the Accession of Esar-
haildon.

Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. xiii, October, 1887, pp. ccxxxv-
ccxxxviii.

Showed that the account in the Bible and ancient aut hots of Sennacherib's murder
is correct; and that although Sennacherib wu.s uiiirdercd in the year 681, his son
BBAfhaddon did not come t4) the throne until the following year, 680 B. C.

170 AMEBIC AN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Adler, Cyrus. Sources of American-Jewish History.
The ifenoraA, Vol. r. No. 3, September. 1888, pp. 191-193.

Open letter proposiug the collection anil publication of materialc for the hifltoiy
of Jewish settlement iu America.

Adler, Ctrus. Sources of Americaa-Jewisli History. Jews in Massa-
chusetts.

The Menorah, Vol. vi, No 4. October, 1888. pp. 25«-2«).

Adlbr, Cyrus. Sources of American- Jewish History. Jews in Savannah.
The Menorah, Vol. vu, No. 4, October, 1889, pp. 192-197; November, 1889, pp. 26^-
257.

Adler, Cyrus. The Shofar; its Use and Origin.
Proeeedinge American Oriental Society, October. 1889.

Allan, William. Chan eel lorsville. By William Allan, formerly Lieu-
tenant'Colouel and Chief Ordnance Officer, Second Corps, Army North-
em Virginia, and Jed. Hotchkiss, formerly Captain and Topographi-
cal Engineer, Second Corps, Army Northern Virgiaia. New York : D.
Van Nostrand & Co.

Allan, William, tlistory of the Campaign of General T. J. (Stonewall)
Jackson, iu the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, from Novemher 4, 1861,
to June 17, 1862. By William Allan, formerly Lieutenant- Colonel and
Chief Ordnance Officer, Second Corps, A. N. V. With full maps of the
region and of the battle fields. By Jed. Hotchkiss, formerly Captain
and Topographical Engineer, Second Corps,. A. N. V. Philadelphia:
J. B. Lippincott & Co.

8to, pp. 175, maps, portrait of General Jackaon. 750 copies.

Allan, WiLU AM. Life of John McDonogh, founder of McDonogh School.
By William Allan, A. M., LL. D., principal of McDonogh School.

In addition to the books and pamphlets above mentioned, Col. Allan oontriboted
articles on the history of the War, to the Century, to the Southern Bivouac, to the
Southern Hietorical Papers, to the Southern Review, and to the Magckzine of Ameri-
can Hietory. Ho was also a frequent reviewer of military books for The Nation.

At the time of hiH death. September 17, 1889, he had Jast completed a work on
the campaigns in Virginia, from June 17, 1862 to the battle of ChancellorsTQIe,
which, it is hoped, will be published daring the carrentyear. ,

Allen, William Francis. The Negro Dialect.

The Natiiyn, Vol. i, pp. 744-7>l.'>. Also, other Articles in The Nation, chiefly on the
South in the reconstruction period, signed ''Marcel."

Allen, William Francis. Slavery in Rome.

North American Review^ Vol. 91, pp. 90-107.

Allbn, William Francis. Classical Handbook. Edited witlTT. P. Allen.
Boston, 1861.
8vo, pp. 123.

Allen, William Francis. Democracy on Trial.

Christian Examiner, 1803, March, pp. 362-394.

Allen, William Francis. Freedmen and Free Labor in the Sonth.

Christian Examiner. May, 1804, pp. 344-374.

Allen, William Francis. Free Labor in Louisiana.

Christian Examiner, 1865, May, pp. 383-399.

Allen, William Francis. Slave Songs of the United Statee. Compiled
in connection with Chas. P. Ware and Lnoy M. Garrison. New York,
1867.

8to, pp. 115.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 171

AlleNi William Francis. The American Execative.
Christian Examiner, 1868, ^aroh, pp. 174-196.

Allen, William Francis. Latin Reader. Edited with J. H. Allen. Bos-
ton, 1869.

12mo, pp. 205.

Allen, William Francis. Latin Lessons. Edited with J. H. Allen.
Boston, 1870.
12mo, pp. 134.

Allen, William Francis. Religion of Ancient Greece.

North Atnerican Review, YoL 109, pp. 106-121.

Allen, William Francis. Freeman's Norman Conquest.

North Ameriean Beview, Vol. ex, pp. 349-377.

Allen, William Francis. Manual Latin Gn^mmar. With J. H. Allen.
Boston, 1870.
12mo, pp. 145.

Allen, William Francis. Territorial Development of Prussia.
Aldine, September, 1871.

Allen, William Francis. Territorial Development of Russia.

Aldine, November, 1871.

Allen, William Francis. Territorial Growth of Austria.
Aldine, July, 1871.

Allen, William Francis. The Rural Population of England as Classified
in Domesday Book.

Tranea^tiane Wiseomin Academy (^ Seiencee, Arte, and Lettere, Vol. i, pp. 167-
178. MadiaoD. 1872. 8vo.

Allen, William Francis. Shorter Course of Latin Prose. Edited with
J. H. Allen and J. B. Greeuough. Boston, 1873.
12mo, pp. 205.

Allen, William Francis. Latin Selections. Edited with J. H. Allen
and J. B. Groenongh. Boston. 1H7:{.
12mo. pp. 64.

Allen, William Francis. Religion of the Romans.

North American Review, Vol. 113, 1873, pp. 30-62.

Allkn, William Francis. Utility of Classical Studies as a means of Men-
tal Discipline.

Wieconein Journal of Education, Vol. iv, pp. 11-16. Democi-at County, Madiaon,
Wis., 1874.

Allen, Wiixiam Francis. The Rural Classes of England iu the Thirteenth

Century.

Traneaetiona Wieeonain Academy o/ Seiencee, ji rle. and Lettere, Vol. n, pp. 226-
233. MadisoQ, 1874. 8vo.

Allen, William Francis. Ranks and Classes Among the Anglo-Saxons.
Tranaactione Wieconein Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Lettere, Vol. ii. pp. 234-
240. Madison, 1874. 8vo.

Allen, William Francis. A Day with a Roman Gentleman.

HaureAt Home, Vol. x, pp. 389-402.

Allen, William Francis. The Utility of Classical Studies.

Wieconein Journal of Education, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 11-16. Madiaon, 1874.

Allen, William Francis. Sallust's Cataline. Edited with J. H. Allen
and J. B. Greeuough. Boston, 1874.
12mo, pp. 84.

172 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Allen, William Francis. Cicero de Senectute. Edited with J. H. Allen
and J. B. Greenoagh. Boston^ 1875.
12ma, pp. 67.

Allen, William Francis. Preparatory Latin Coarse. Edited with J. H.
Allen and J. B. Grecnough. Boston, 1875.
12mo, pp. 301.

Allen, William Francis. Ovid. Edited with J. H. Allen and J. B.
Greenoagh. Boston, 1875.
12mo, pp. 282.

Allen, William Francis. Virgil. Edited with J. H. Allen and J. B.
Greenoagh. Boston, 1875.
12d]o, pp. 188.

Allen, William Francis. United State.«8 So\rerei<ruty— Whence Derived
and Where Vested.

Trantactiont Wiseotuin AccbAemy of Sciences, Artg, and Lettert, Vol. 3, pp. 125-132.
8vo. Madison, 1876.

Allen, William Fr ' NCis. Practical Education.

An address before the University of Nebraska, 1876, pp. 22.
Printed for the University of Nebraska. 1876.

Allen, William Francis. Agriciiltnre in the Middle Ages.

TranmeUoru Wiaco}^tin State AgrictUtural Society, 1876-77, pp. 20S-2I6. Madison,
1877. 8vo.

Allen, William Francis. Latin Composition. Boston, 1877.

12mo, pp.40.

Allen, William Francis. Tlie Origin of the Freeholders.

Tramaetions Wi$eongin Academy of Sciences, Artt, and Lettert, VoL iv, pp. 19-24.
Madison, 1879. 8 vo.

Allen, William Francis. Peasant Conimnnities in France.

JTrantaetions Wisconsin Academy of S i^nees, Arts, and Letters, Vol. it, pp. 1-6.
Madison, 1879. 8 vo.

Allen, William Francis. Mr. Morgan npon Early Roman History.

The Penn Monthly, Vol. x, pp. 115-125. £dward Stem &. Co., Philadelphia, 1879.

Allen, William Francis. Mr. Morgan's Classificatory System of Rela-
tionships.

Penn Monthly. Vol. XI, pp. 487-495. Bdward Stern & Co., Pliiladelpbia, 1880.

Allen, William Francis. Germania and Agricola of Tacitns. Boston,
1880.

8vo, pp. 68.

Allen, William Francis. Mr. Morgan's Classificatory System of Re-
lationships.

Penn Monthly, Vol. xi, No. 120, pp. 487-495.

Allen, William Francis. The English Cottagers of the Middle Ages.

Transactions Wiseomin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, Vol. v, 1882, pp.
1-12. Madison. 1882. 8vo.

Allen, William Francis. History of Land-Holding.

Science, VoL ll, iip. 768-769. Tbe Science Company, Cambridge, Masa., 1883.

Allen, William Francis. Primitive Communiiies.

Science, Vol. in, pp. 786-789. The Science Company, Cambridge, Masa., 1884.

Allen, Willi AM Francis. Land Comiiumities among the Ancient Germans.
Transactions Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, Vol vi, pp. 28-^2.
Madison, 1885. 8vo.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 1 73

Allen, William Francis. Caesar's Gallic War. Edited with J. H. Allen
and J. B. Greenonp^h. BostoD, 1885.

8vQ, pp.. 149.

Allen, William Francis. Gradation and the Topical Method of His-
torical Study, and History Topics.

H<M'9 Method* of Teaching and Studying Hittory, Boston, 1885* 8vo, pp. 106.

Allen, William Francis. How the Roman Spent His Year.

LippincoU'9, Vol. 33, pp. 345-354. 447-456.

Allen, William Francis. Historical Introdaction to Ginn's Piatarch.
Boston, 1886.
12mo, pp. 9.

Allen," William Francis. Town, Township, and Tithing.

Transactions Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, Vol. vii, pp. 141-
154.
Privately printed in revised form.

Allen, William Francis. The Village Conimnnity and Serfdom in Eng-
land. ^

Transactions Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, Vol. vn, pp. 130-
140.
Privately printed in revised form.

Allen, William Francis. Outline Studies in the History of Ireland.
Chicago, 1887.
32roo, pp. 7.

Allen, William Francis. The Monetary Crisis in Rome, A. D. 33.

Transactions of the American Philological Society, 1687, pp. 5-18.

Allen, William Francis. Lex Cnriata de Imperio.

Proceedings American Philological Association, July, 1888, pp. 19.

Allen, William Francis. Locality of the Saltiis Tenfoburgiensis.
Proceedings American Philological Association, July, 1888.

Allen, William Francis. History Topics for High Schools and Colleges.
Boston, 1888.
12mo, pp. 121.

Allbx, William Francis. The Reader's Guide to English History ; with
snpplemeut extending the plan to other countries and periods. Boston,
1888.

24roO, pp. 49.

Ali^n, William Francis. Select Orations of Cicero. Edited with J. H.
Allen and J. B. Greenough. Boston, 1889.
12mo, pp. 44.

Allen, William Francis. The Place of the Northwest in General His-
tory.

Papers of the American Historical Association, Vol. Hi, No. 2, pp. 87-104. New
York, 1889.

Allen, Willia.m Francis. Short History of the Roman People. Boston,

1890.

12 mo., pp. 370.

174 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Anderson, Joseph. The Temperance Refonnation in its Latest Aspects.
A lecture delivered in the First Congregational Church, in this city,

Sanday evening, January 28, 1^2.

The Waterbury American, Waterbary, Conn., January 31 and Fobruary 1, and
in the weekly edition, February 2, 1872. •

Largely bUtorical,— containing an acconnt of the variona stages through which
tho "temperance '* movement had paseed preTions to the date of the lecture.

Anderson, Joseph. A Discourse in Commemoration of tho late Green
Kendrick, delivered in the First Church, Waterbury, Sunday, Septem-
ber 21, 1873.

The WtUerbury American, September 26, 1873.

Mr. Kendrick "was in 1851 elected Lieutenant-GoTc^rnor of Connecticut, and
subsequently, in an election by tho Legislature, came within one vote of being
chosen Governor."

Anderson, Joseph. Aaron Benedict. A Memorial. '^Tbou sbalt come
to thy gravo iu a fall age, like as a shock of corn cometh in in his
season.^' 1873. Waterbury : Press of the American Printing Company.
I^rge 8vo, pp. 58.

Includes memoir, funeral address, obituary notices, etc. Portraits of Mr. and
Mrs. Benedict and a great-granddaughter.

The memoir contains many facts relating to tho history of the great brass in-
dustry in the Naugatnck Valley, in Connecticut.

Andbrson, Joseph. The Office of Deaconess in Congregational Churches.

Eeprintod ftom The Congregational Quarterly, 1874.

8vo, pp. 20.

A paper read before the General Conference of the Congregational Churches of
Connecticut, at Middletown, November 0, 1873, and published by vote of the Con-
ference. It appears, with many notes added, in the January number of The Oon-
gregational Quarterly^ 1874. Lists of books and articles on deaconesses, sister-
hood, etc., are given on pp. 3, 4, and 18.

Revised in The Waterbury American Man^h 14, 1874 and in The Nation March 2S,
1874.

Anderson, Joseph. Introduction to "History of the Town of Wolcott,
(Conn.), by Rev. Samuel Orcutt, Waterbury, Conn. 1874.
The introduction occupies pp. Zii-xvii.

Anderson, Joseph. Three-Quartei*s of a Century : A Historical Retro-
spect. A discourse delivered in the First Church in Waterhury, Sun-
day evening, December 26, 1875.

The Waterbury American, December 31, 1875.

Anderson, Joseph. The Congregational Churches of Connecticnt and the

National Centennial.
8vo, pp. 8.

Contains a plan for the celebration of the Nation's Centennial, 1876, by the Con<
neoticut churches.

"At the request of the standing c-ommittee of tho General Conference this ciron-
lar was prepared by the Rev. Joseph Anderson, of Waterbury."
Republished in The JUligioue Berald, Hartford, Conn., ^pril 13, 1876.

Anderson, Joseph. The Growth of a Christian Literature. An address .
delivered in the Center Church, New Haven, before the General Con-
ference of the Congregational Churches of Connecticut, Thursday
evening, November 16, 1876.

Pp. 193-201 of Centennial Paperg, pabl{8h<»d by order of the General Cnpferenoe
of the Congregational ChurcheH of Conuecticnt. Hartfoid : Press of the Case,
Lockwood & Brainard Company, 1877.
8vo, pp. 214.

In an introductory note the author says : " My field of view in the address wa^
New England, and, for the most part, Connecticut only."

BIBLIOGRAPHY PORD.. 1 75

AjWK^aoVf Joseph. In Memoriam : John Qraeff Barton.

The ColUge Echo, Jane, 1877.

A poem, ' ' read at the twenty •flftli anniversary of the Phrenooosmian Sooiety
(of the College of the City of New York], Hay 25, 1877."

AUDXRSON, Joseph. History of "The Fond for Ministers'' l)elonging to
the General Conference of the Congregational Churches of Connect!-
cat, with some aoconnt of other organizations for ministerial aid.
Issned by the Trustees of the Fundi as an appeal in it^ behalf. New
York : D. H. Gildersleeve & Co., 1878.
8vo, pp. 48. %

AndkrsoNi Joseph. Foot-prints of the Red Man in the Naugatuck Val-
ley. A lecture delivered at Irving Hall, Waterbury, Conn., January
27, 1879, under the auspices of the Mattatuck Historicnl Society. A
second lecture, delivered February 17, 1879.

The WaUrhury American, February 7 and March 7, 1879.

Republished (with additions by the Rev. S. Orcatt) iu "The History of the Old
Town of Derby, Connecticat. By Samuel OiTutt aud Ambrose Beardsley, M.'D.,
Springfield, Mass., 1880." The materials of the lectures constitute a large part of
tlie "Indian History*' (pp. xTii-xo), prefixed to this volume. A list of Indian
names of places, compiled by the author of the lectures, is given on pp. xoUi-xcvii.
The same materials are reproduced, with still further additions, in Mr.Orcutt's
" Indians of the Hoasatonio and Naugatuck Valleys, Hartford, 1882 ;" but the lect-
urer's name no longer appears.

Akdsrson, Joseph. High Rook Grove. A description, geographical, his-
torical, poetical, and practical, of the famous picnic ground of the
Naugatuck Yalley. Issued by the Naugatuck Railroad Company.
Boston: Franklin Press: Rand, Avery & Co., 1880.
8vo, pp. ao, 8 illnstrations.

Anderson, Joseph. John Bristol Brockett. Memorial address. Milford,
Conn., November 3, 1880.
Small 4to, 1 4 leaves.
Privately printed.

Andbrson, Joseph. Rev. Dr. Anderson's address at the Naugatuck
Church Centennial. How the Early Settlements obtained their Politi-
cal Rights and Church Privileges. Delivered at the Cent-en ary of the
Congregational Church, Naugatuck, Conn., February 22, 1881.

The Waierbury B^;mhliean, February 2a, 1881.

Also in the Naugatuck Weekly Review, March 3, 1881.

Anderson, Joseph. Memorial Discourse. The Duty of Commemorating
the Nation's Dead, and how we may fulfill it. An address delivered
in the First Congregational Church, Sunday evening, May 29, 1881
(the eve of Decoration day).

The Waterbury AmerUan, May 80, 1881.

Republished in part in "History of the Soldiers' Monument in Waterbury,
Conn., 1880" (PP- 20-26).

Anderson, Joseph. A Seventeen Years' Pastorate. An anniversary ad-
dress, delivered in the First Congregational Church in Waterbury,
Conn., February 12, 1882.

The Waterbury American, February 14, 1882.

Anderson, Joseph. Waterbury Burying Grounds. A discourse, descrip-
tive and historical, delivered in the First Congregational Church, Sun-
day evening, April 27, 1884.

The Waterbury American, April, 28, 18S4.

176 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Anderson, Joseph. The Americau Congress of Chnrches. Prooeedings
of the Hartford meeting, 1885. Published under the direction of the
executive committee. Hartford: The Case, Lockwood & Brainard
Company, 1885.

8vo, pp. 149.

On pp* 20-25: "Iliatorical Account of tho Congress of Churches," bj' Joseph
Anderson, D. D., ch4a"'rman of the executive committee and editor of tho volume.
The " Histoncal Account " was puWIsheil in the Hartford Courant arid The Water-
bury American May 14, 1885; also in The Christian Standard, Cincinnati, Ohio,
June 13, 1885.

Anderson, Joseph. Free Masonry in Waterbury. A Historical Sketch of
Local Masonic Organizations, with Lists of Officers, etc. -
The Waterbuiy American, February 26 ; also March 5, 1886.
A friendly account of Masonic organizations by one who is not a Free Mason.

Anderson, Joseph. The American Congress of Churches. Proceedings
of the Cleveland Meeting, 1886. Published under the direction of the
Executive Committee. Hartford, Conn. : Press of the Case, Lockwood
& Brainard Company, 1886.

8vo, pp. 212.

On pp. 23-32: '•The First Year of the Conpress." By Rev. Joseph Anderson,
D. P., chairman of the executive committee and editor of the volume.

Anderson, Joseph. History of the Soldiers* Monument in Waterbury,

Conn. To which is added a list of the soldiers and sailors who went

from Waterbury to fight in the war for tho Union. [Quotation' from

Tennyson's *' Tiresias."] Printed for the Monument Committee, 1886.

8vo, pp. vni, 170, 6 plates.

The volume contains : "I. History of the Monument," pp. l-.^ ; •' II. Dedication
of the Monument," pp. 53-100; "III. Tho Monument Fund," pp.lOJ-122; "TV.
The Men "Whom the Monument Commemoratea." pp. 123-170.
Reviewed in The Waterbury Aftieriean March 24 and 26, 1887.

Anderson, Joseph. A New History of Waterbury, Conn. Memorandum
of Bubjectfl to bo treated in the work. Printed by Price, Lee & Co.,
New Haven, Conn., 1887.
8vo, pp. 4.

Contains a numbered list of thirty -six topics and departments, which are to re-
ceive attention in the New History of Waterbury, now in preparation (18SK)) by
Miss Sanih J. Prichard and Miss Anna L. Ward.

Anderson, Joseph. Book of the Riverside Cemetery, Waterbury, Conn.
A Description and History, with Illustrations. Also the Charter and
Laws, Dedicatory Addresses, etc. Press of the Waterbury Printing
Company, 1889.

Large 8vo, pp. vni, 86, 29 plates.

One of the dedicatory addresses (pp. 53-61) is by the author of the History. The
address was first published in The WaU'rbury American, June 12, 1885.

Anderson, Joseph. Twenty-five Years. The Rev. Dr. Joseph Anderson's
Anniversary. The sermon preached by him in the First Congregational
Church, Sunday morning, February 9, 1890.

The Waterbury American, February 10, 1890. Reviewed editorially in the uaaB
issue. *

Anderson, Rasmus Bjorn. Natur-Videnskabernes Forhold til Reli-
gionen. En Forelasning af P. A. Chadbourne, LL. D., tidligere Pro-
fessor 1 Natnrhistorie ved Williams College og Professor i Katurhistorie

BIBLIOGRAPHY FORD. 177

og Chemi ved Bowdoin College, na Praaident for Universitetet i Wis-
consin. Oversat af R. ^B. Anderson. Madison, Wis.: Trykt i B. W.
Lackow's Bog- og Accidents-Trykkeri, 1869.
8to, pp. 16.

Anderson, Rasmus Bj()rn. The Scandinavian Languages; their His-
torical, Linguistic, Literary, and Scientific Value. Elucidated by
Quotations from Eminent American, English, German, and French
Scholars. Notices of these Languages by H. W. Longfellow, George P.
Marsh, Samuel Lalng, Robert Buchanan, Schlegol, Mallet and others.
Madison, Wis. : Democrat Company Printing OfBce, 1873.

8vo, pp. 16.

Andbrson, Rasmus Bj<)rn. America not Discovered by Columbus. An
Historical Sketch of the Discovery of America by the Norsemen in the

• Tenth Century, with an Appendix on the Historical, Linguistic, Liter-
ary, and Scientific Value of the Scandinavian Languages. Also a
Bibliography of the Pre-Columbian Discoveries of America, by Paul
Barron Watson. Chicago : S. C. Griggs &> Co., 1874 ; London, Trfibner
&Co.

8to, pp. 164. \

3d edition, 1883.

Akdkrson, Rasmus Bj<)rn. Tale ved Femti-Aarsfesten for den Norske
Udvanxlrjng til Amerika. Holdt i Chicago den 5^<^ Juli, 1675. Chicago,
111. : Trykt i Skandinavens Bog- og Akcidentstrykkeri, 1875.
' 8vo, pp. 27.

Anderson, Rasmus Bj5rn. Norse Mythology or the Religion of Our
Forefathers, containing all the Myths of the Eddas, systematized and
interpreted with au Introduction, Vocabulary, and Index. Chicago :
S. C. Griggs & Co., 1875.

8vo,^pp. 473, 1 pl*te.

5th edition, 1890.

Anderson, Rasmus Bj()rn. Viking Tales of the North, The Sagas of
Thorstein, Viking^^ Son, and Fridthjof the Bold, translated from the
Icelandic by R. B. Anderson. Also Tegn6r's Fridthjof 's Saga, trans-
lated into English, by George Stephens. Chicago : S. C. Griggs & Co.,
1877.

8vo, pp. 370.
3d edition, 1889.

Anderson, Rasmus BjOrn. Amerika ikke opdaget af Columbus. En
historisk Skildring af Normsendenes Opdagelse af Amerika i det lOde
Aarhundrede. Med et Anhang om de Nordiske Sprogs historiske,
sproglige, Utersere og videnskabelige Vserd. Oversat fra Engelsk efter
den anden forbedrede og forogede Udgave af C. Chrest. Chicago:
"Skandinavens" Bogtrykkeri, 1878.
8vo, pp. 123, portraits

Anderson, Rasmus Bj()rn. The Younger Edda also called Snorre's
Edda, or the Prose Edda. An English Version of the Foreword; the
fooling of Gylfe, the Afterword ; Brage's talk, the Afterword to Brage's
Talk, and the important passages in the poetical diction (^Skaldskap ar-
mal), with an Introduction, Notes, Vocabulary, and Index. Chicago;
S. C. Griggs & Co., 1880.

8vo, pp. 302.

S. Mis. 170 12

178 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

ANDXB60N, Rasmus Bj6bn. Biographical Sketch of Lyman C. Draper,
lAft, D., Secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Cin-
cinnati : Peter G. Thomson, 1881.
Large Svo, pp. 31, portrait.

Anderson, Rasmus Bj6bn. History of the Literature of the Scandina-
vian North from the most ancient times to the present. Translated
from the Danish of Frederik Winkel Horn, Ph. D., with a bibliography
of the important books in the English Language relating to the Scan-
dinavian Countries. Chicago : S. C. Griggs d& Co., 1884.

^o, pp. 507.

Anderson, Rasmus BjOrn. Eminent Authors of the Nineteenth Century.

Literary portraits by Dr. Georg Brandes, translated firom the original

by R. B. Anderson. New York: Thomas T. Crowell ^ Co., No. 13

Astor Place, 1886. ,

8vo, pp. 460, portrait* 10.

Anderson, Rasmus BjOrn. Amerikas forste Opdagelse. Af forfEitteren
gjennemset og autoriseret overssttelse ved Fr. Winkel Horn. Kjoben-
havn: Gyldendalske Boghandels' Forlag (F. Hegel & Son), Gnebea
Bogtrykkeri, 1886.
Svo, pp. 80, portrait

AmoBRSON, Rasmus BjOrn. Mythologie Scandinave, L^gendes des Eddas.
Traduction de M. Jules Leclercq. Paris: Ernest Leroux, Editeur, 28,
rue Bonaparte, 1886.
8vo, pp. 293.

Anderson, Rasmus Bjorn. Non-Biblical Systems of Religion. A Sym-
posium, by the Yen. iirchdeacon Farrar, D. D., Rev. Canon Rawlinson,
M. A., Rev. W. Wright, D. D., Rabbi G. J. Emanuel, B. A., Sir William
Muir, Rev. Edwin Johnson, M. A., T. W, Rhys Davids, LL. D., Ph. D.^
The Hon. Rasmus B. Anderson, iRev. Wm. Nioolson, M. A. London :
James Nisbet A Co., 21 Bemers Street, 1887.
8vo, pp. 2A3.

Anderson, Rasmus BjOrn. Die erste Entdeckung von Amerika. Eine

historische Skizze der Entdeckung Amerikas durch die Skandinavier.

Autorisirte Uebersetzung von Mathilde Mann. Hamburg: Verlag von

J. F. Richter, 1888.
8vo, pp. 62.

Anderson, Rasmus BjOrn. The Heimskringla or the Sagas of the Norae
Kings from the Icelandic of Snorre Sturlason, by Samuel Laing, Esq.
Second edition. Revised, with notes, by R. B. Anderson. London:
John C. Nimmo ; New York : Scribner &, WeUbrd, 1889.

4 vols., 8yo.

Vol. I. 1889, pp. zxxT, 308, 2 pUtes.

Vol. n. 1889, pp. 410.

Vol. m. 1880, pp. 416.

Vol. IV. 1880, pp. 418, 2 maps.

Anderson, Rasmus BjOrn. Teutonic Mythology. Translated from the
Swedish of Viktor Rydberg, Ph. D., Member of the Swedish Academy,
author of <*The Last Athenian,'' '< Roman Days," and other worbi.
London : Swan Sonnenschein & Co., Paternoster S^^uare, 1889,
Jjarge 8vo, pp. 706,

BIBLIOORAPHY — FORD. 179

AnbiubwSi Elisha Benjamin. Institutes of Oar Constitational Historj,
English »Dd American. Author's Edition : Printed by J. A. and B. A.
Beid, Providence, R. I., 1886.
12ino, pp. 886.

Andrbws, Elisha Benjamin. Institutes of Qeneral History. Boston:

Silva, Burdett dcCo., 1887.
ISoDO, pp. 440.
2d edition, 188S.

Andrbws, Eubha Benjamin. The Federal Convention of 1787. Proceed-
ings of the XXVIth Couvocatiou of the State of New York. 1888.
Andrews, Elisha Benjamin. The Rise of the English State.
The Mttptitt Quartmrjy Rtview, Vol. vin, No. 29, January.

Andrews, William Given. St. PauVs Mission Chapel. The Church of
the Ascension (New Haven, Conn.).

Tks Pariah M&ntMy (local), VdL I, Noa. 5-12. May to December, 1873. . 8vo, pp. 11.

Andrews, William Given. Historical Sketch of the New Haven Colony
Historical Society.

OlCy Tear Book of the Oily qf New Haven, for 1875-76. 8ro, pp. 516-525.

ANDREW8, William Given. Notice of Beardsley's " Life and Times of
William Samnel Johnson," etc.

The AUantie Monthly, Vol. XL, No. 238. Aagoat, 1877. 8vo, pp. 243-245.

Andrews, William Given. Notice of Tyerman's ''Life of the Rev.

GeorKe Wbitefield,'' etc.

The AOantic MonMy, Vol. xu, No. 246, April. 1678. 8to, pp. 548-549.

Andrews, William Given. The Moravians in the Housatonic Valley.

The American Church Review, Vol. xxxii. May-Jiine and Jaly-Augnat, 1880.
8vo, pp. lM-211, and 268-287.

Andrews, William Given. The Trading House on the Pangassett.

Papere qf the New Kavet^ (Mony Hietorieal Society, VoL nr, 1888. 8to, pp. 371-895.

Anoell, jAMEa B. German Emigration to America.
North Amerisan Review, Janoary, 1856.

Angell, James B. Inflaenoe of English on German Literature.
Nor^ American Review, April, 1857.

AngMll, Ja.mes B. The Royal House of St. Cyr.
North American Review, October, 1857.

Anobll, James B. Influence t>f English Literature upon the French.
North American Review, April, J 858.

Anoell, James B. Francis Wayland.
Houre at Home, Vol. xi, pp. 189 (1866).

Anobll, James B. The Progress of International Law. A i^aper read

before the American Social Science Association at Detroit, May 13,

1875.
Anobll, Jabces B. Diplomatic Relations between the United States and

China. Address before the American Social Science Association at

Saratoga, September 7, 1882.
Anobll, James B. Diplomatic Relations of the Western Powers to China

and Japan.

BihKotheea Sacra, Janaary, 1885.

Angell, James B. Historical Sketch of the University of Michigan. Ad-
dress given at the Semi-Centeimial Celebration of the founding of the
University, delivered June 30, 1887.

180 AMERICAN HISTORICAI^ ASSOCIATION.

Angell, James B. History of Amerioan Diplomacy from 1769 to 1850. A
chapter in Vol. vii, of Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of
America. Bostoa and New York, Honghtou, Mifflin & Co., 1888.

Angell, Jamrs B. The Recall of Foreign Ministers from the United

States at the request of onr Government.
The Forum, January, 1889.

Angell, James B. American Rights in the Behring Sea and-the Alaskan
Boundary Question.

The Forum, November, 1880.

Applbton, William Sumner. Ancestry of Mary Oliver, who lived 1640-
1698, and was wife of Samuel Appleton, of Ipswich. Cambridge:
Press of John Wilson & Son, 1867.

8to, pp. 35.

Privatelj' printed, 100 copies

Appleton, William Sumner. Memorials of the Cranes of Chilton, with
a pedigree of the family, and thH life of the last representative. Cam-
bridge : Press of John Wilson & Son, 1868.

8vo, pp. 89, 4 pis.

Privately printed, 100 copies.

Appleton, William Sumner. Ancestry of Priscilla Baker, who lived
1674-1731, and was wife of Isaac Appleton, of Ipswich. Cambridge :
Press of John Wilson & Son, 1870.

Bvo, pp. 143, 1 plate.

Privately printed, 100 copies.

Appleton, William Sumner. Description of a selection of coins and
medals relating to America, exhibited to the Massachusetts Historical
Society, Aprils, 1870. Reprinted from the proceedings. Carnhndge :
Press of John Wilson <& Son, 1870.

8vo, pp. 10.
75 copies.

Appleton, William Sumner. Description of Medals of Washington in
the Collection of W, S. Appleton, secretary of the Boston Numismatic
Society. Boston : Press of T. R. Maryin & Son, 1873.
8vo, pp. 24.

Keprinted from the Ameriean Journal of Numismatics.
75 copies.

Appleton, William Sumner. A Genealogy of the Appleton Family.
** These sought their register among those that were reckoned by gene-
alogy, but they were not found ; therefore were they, as polluted, put
from the priesthood." — Ezra ii, 62, and Nehemiah vii, 64. Boston:
Press of T. R. Marvin & Son, 1874.

4vo, pp. 64.

Privately printed. 00 copies. A bare list of names.

Appleton, William Sumner. Issues of the United States Mint, chrono-
logically arranged and described by William S. Appleton, Secretary of
the Boston Numismatic Society. Reprinted from the American Journal
of Numismatics, 1876. Boston.

8to, pp. 20.

40 copies.

BIBliIOGRAPHT — FORD. . 181

Appleton, WrLUAM S^nil-f7Eft. Record of the D^Mendnnts of William
SoniDer, of Dorchestet;^ Mass., 1636. Boston: David Clapp He Son,
1879, . .-'^iift*^ . j

8vo, pp. Ti, 204, ^ portriiits.

500 oopiea. *

Applbton, Williau SuND^tay/Some Descendants of William Adams, of
Ipswich, Mass. Boston.: rfiatvid Clapp Sl Sou, 564 Washington street,

1881. iir.

8vo, pp. 9.

100 copies. *

Appleton, Wiixiam S(7MKtli.'^< <Tbe Family of Badcock, of Massachasetts.
Boston : David Clapp & Son, 564 Washington street, 1881.
8vo, pp. 11.
100 copies.

Appleton, William Sumnek. Tlie Family of Paffer, of Massachnsetts.
BoAon: David Clapp & Son, ,5(jt4 Washington street, 1882.

8vo, pp. 0.

100 copies. ■ ■'' ^ \

In addition to the above, I baVe contriboted many commnnications to the N. B.
Hist, and Gen. Register, the HeraldioJoarnal.the Amer. Journal of Nomisniatics,
and the Mass. Hist. Soc. 'With ]^b W. H. Whitniore. I edited for the Prince
Society, *' Hatchinaon's Collection of OrixiDal Papers," and am responsible for the
larger part of notes to the second volume, which are signed A. I have also been
with Mr. Whitmore, for several years, a Record Commissioner of the city of Bos-
ton, and whatever of merit or iatiU bidongs lo the editing of the ninth report may
be wholly ascribed to me.— W. S. A'^I^tok.

Archibald, Sir Adams G. Inaugataf Address to Nova Scotia Historical
Society. Delivered June 21, 1878.

OoOeeHnu qfNcva Seolia llisUnieot S&ciety, Vol. 1, pp. 17^34.

Archibald,. Sir Adams 6. Memoir of Sir Alexander Croke, Judge of the

Vice Admiralty Court at Halifax from 1801 to 1815. Bead September

1, 1881.

OoUeetions of Nova SeoHa Hittorieal Society, Vol. 2. pp. 110-128.

Archibald, Sir Adams G. History of Government House, Halifax, Nova
Scotia. Read November 3, 1H81,

CoOectiont of Nova Seotia HUiorieal SoeUty, VoL 3. pp. 196-208.

Archibald, Sir Adams G. History of the Province Building. Read Jan-
uary 4, 1883.

OoUeetions of Nova Seotia Hittorieal Society, Vol. 4, pp. 247-25d.

Archibald, Sir Adams G. Expulsion of the Acadian French from Nova
Scotia.

Ootteetiom of Nova Scotia Uietorieal Society, YoL 5, pp. 11-95.

Archibald, Sir Adams G. Speech on the Celebration of the Centennial of
the Settlement of Truro, Nova Scotia. Containing sketches of its early
history and settlement.

Archibald, Sir Adams G. Speech on the Celebiation of the Centennial of
theSteinaches, containing similar sketches.

ARCHI^ALD, Sir Adams G. Speech on the Institution of the Law Classes in
Dalhonsie University, Halifax, with sketches of early legal practi-
tioners in Nova Scotia.

182 AMERICAN HISTORICAL iMOCIATION.

Atkinson, Wiuliam f absons. Oa ISLiBtotf koA the Study of HUtory.
Three leoturos hy Williftm P. Atkinsofl^ PtofHtot of English and His-
tory in the Massaohasetu Institate of fMlmology. Boston : Roberts

BroStt 18a4a

12mo, pp. 107.

Atkinson, Wiluam Parsons. The StifM ol l^oltties. An introdnotory

lecture by Willism P. Atkinson, ProMsor sf English snd History in

the Massaohnaetts Instdtnte of TechiitAogs. Boston: Roberts Bros.,

1888.

12mo. pp. 68.. s

Atkinson, Wiluam Parsons. Who uHAb the Massaohnsetts Constitn-

tion f

Tfu Technology QuarUrty, Vol. II, ito. I, l>0esinber. 1888.
Svo^ pp. 101-111. }

Baird, Charlss Washington. Chfdjiliils of a Border Town. History of
Rye, Westohester Coanty, N. T., iMb-lS^O, including Hanlsou and the
White Plains till 1788. Illastrlild b^ Abram Hosier. , New York :
Anson D. F. Randolph & Co., No. ftO Broadway, 1871.

8to, pp. XYii, 570, 18 engTAvlitgs, 1 IHe iiftiile, 7 inAp» and diagnuns.

Baird, Charles Washington. Plefrs Daill^, first Huguenot Pastor of
New York. Reprinted fh)m thS FSbmary number [1877] of the Maga-
zine of American History.

4to, pp. 91-87.

Baird, Charles Washington. OtHi Htstus of the Presbyterians in the
province of New York. Reprliliid from the Magazine of American
History, October, 1879. New tint. 1^79.

4to, pp. 6S8-S28.

Baird, Charles Washington. Hlitofy of the Huguenot Smigration to
America. Volume I. New York : l>odd, Mead A Co., pal^lishers.

2 Tols., 8to.

YoL I, pp. 35i, 8 engnvinfrs, i ta*p«. Vol. II, pp. 448, 4 engtATingi, 2 diagnmn,
3 niApt.

Bevlewed by BeglnAld Land Poole hi Ihe EngUth Hittorical Rnitw April, 1886 ; in
the Proeetdingt qf the Huguinoi Saeiity nf London, Yol. I, No. 2; by Boron Per.
nottd de Scbiokler in the BuUstUi de ta SoeUH de Vhittairt du ProUttanHeme /ran-
ea<« September-October, 1888 1 in tfaOil tfanKo ifonCAIy Jane, 1885, and elaewhero.

TnmeUted into French nnd^r title: "Hlstoire des R6fagi6a Hni^oenots en
Am6rique por le Doctear Charles W. Baird. Traduit de TAnglale par MM. A.-B.
Meyer et de Riohemond. Toolonae: Sooi6t4 dee LiTrea Boligieax. D6pdt: Rne
Bomignidrea, 7, 1886.

8vo, pp. XX, 822.

Hlostrations and dMps moatly aa in the American edition, with addittoal map of
La BooheUe in 1020. 1^^

Baird, Henry MartTn. The Life of the Rev. Bohert Baird, D. B., by his
son, Henry M. Bsird, Professor in the Uuiversity of the City of New
York. New York : Anson D. F. Randolph, No. 770 Broadway, 1866.
Crown 8to, ]ip. 347.

Baird, Henry Marttn. The French Conquest of Lorraine and Alsace.

Scribner'e Monthly, No. 4, February, 1871.
8vo, pp. .^07-379, map and 2 fao eimiliee.

Baird, Henry Martyn. The Military Orders.

The New Englander, Vol. ix, Aaguet, 1851. 8vo, pp. 38S-42S.

BIBLIOGRAPHT — FOBD. 188

Baibd, Hkkrt Mabttn. PharmalcideB and the EooleBiastioal Indepen-
dence of Greece.

M^thodUt Qwtrtsrly lUvUw, October, 1867. 8to, pp. 694-613.

Baird, Henrt Mabttn. The Liberties of the Gallican Chnrch*

Biblieal JUpertoty and Princeton Bwiew, Jumary. 1863. Svo, pp. 26-42.

Baird, Henrt Martyn. The Two Greek Bevolntions of 1862.

Methodist Quarterly Review, Apiil, 1866. 8to, pp. 227-250.

Baird, Henry Martyn. The Nioodemit^s of the Sixteenth Centory.

Methodiet Quarterly Review, July, 1664. 8to, pp. 436-454.

Baird, Henry Martyn. Boasuet as a Peisecator.

Methodiet Quarterly Review, January, 1866. 8to, pp. 22-87.

Baird, Henry Martyn. History of the Rise of the Hnguenots of France.
By Henry 'M. Baird, Professor in the University of the City of New
York. Vol. I. New York, Charles Soribner's Sons, 743 and 745 Broad-
way, 1879.

2 voli. 8to, pp. zzril, 577. and xt1» 661, 2 maps.

Repnbliahed in Bnii^axid witb tiUe: Hiatory of the Biae of the Hngnenota.
By Henry M. Baird, Profesaor in the Univenity of the City of New York, in
. two volnmep. Vol. i. From the Bc^^niag of the French Reformation to the
Sdlct of January (1562), Londou : Hodder and Stoaghton, 27, Paternoster Row,
1880. (Vol. n. From the Edict of January (1562), to the Death of Charles the
Ninth (1574). Pagee and maps aa in the American edition.)

Reviewed, by George Bipley, in the New York Tribune, December 30, 1879 ; the
Independent, March i, 1880; Nation, January 15, 1880; by E. B. Otheman, in
Methodiet Quarterly Review, January, 1881 ; XTnivertaliet Quarterly, January, 1880;
International Review, January, 1880 ; Boston Literary World, January 1, 1880 ; by
N. Weiss in BuUetin de la Soeiiti de Vhietoire du Proteetantieme fran^ie, June 15,
1880; in London Saturday Review, May 15, 1880 ; Quarterly Review, July. 1888; \9ie]
Britieh Quarterly Review, July, 1880; WeHminieter Review, July, 1880; London
Timee, January 17, 1881 ; Church Quarterly Review, reprinted in LiUelTi Living
Age, May 21, 18^1, and many others.

Baird, Henrt Martyn. The Haf^nenots and Henry of Navarre. By
Henry M. Baird, Professor in the UniTersity of the City of New York;
Author of the History of the Rise of the Hngnenots of France. With
Maps. Vol. I, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1886.
2 vols. 8yo, Vol. i, pp. xxii, 458. Vol. ii, pp. zrli, 526.

Book First. From the . Accession of Henry the Third (1574), to the Battle
of Contraa (1587). Map of Sonthern France. Book Second. From the Battle of
Coutias (1587), to the Death of Henry the Fourth (1010). Map of Northern France.
BepubJ^hed in England, with same titles, maps, etc. London : Kegan, Paul,
Trench A, Co., 1886.
BeTiewed in the New York Tribune, NoTeml>er 21, 1886 ; by M. W. Hazeltine in
•itffew York Sun, October 31, 1886; by George Parsons Lathrop in New York Star,
November 21, 1888; Nation, May 19, 1887: Brooklyn Eagle, November 21, 1886;
Boston Literary World, December 11. 1886 ; Philadelphia Evening Buttetin, Octo-
ber 25, 1886 ; by tTames C. Moffat, in the Preebyterian Review, January, 1887 ; in the
Methodiet Review, January, 1887 ; in the Ameriean. September 8, 1887 ; by Francis
J. Parker in the Church Review, April, 1887 ; by N. Weiss (editor) in the Bulletin
de la Soeiiti de Vhigtoire du Proteetantieme fran^aie, January 15, 1888; the Athen-
cfum, February 12, 1887 ; Academy, March 19, 1887; English Hietorieal Review, Jn\y,
1888; Saturday Rt^fiew. April 4. 1887; Spectator. September 29, 1888; St. Jamee
Gazette, F^brunry 26, 1887 ; Pall Mall. Gazette, Juno 20. 1887 ; Morning Poet, Decem-
ber 28. 1886 ; Evening Standard, Juno 27. 1887, and many others.

184 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Baird, Henrt Marttn. The Ediot of Nantes and its Recall. A His-
torical Oration.

In Huguenot Society of AmerwtL, Oommstnoratian of the Bi-Centenary qf the Revo-
cation of the £dict of NanUs, October 22, 1885, at New York. Pabliahed by the
Society, 1886.
firo. pp. 14-41.
Baldwin, C. C. Early Maps of Ohio and the West. Cleveland, Ohio,

1875.

8vo, pp. 25.

Tract naidVer Twenty-flve (April, 1875), of the Western Reserve Hiatorical So-
ciety, 500 copies.

Baldwin, C. C. Notice of Historical and Pioneer Societies in Ohio.
Cleveland, Ohio, Jnly, 1875.
8to, pp. 8. 600 printed.

Baldwin, C. C. Review of the Margry Papers. Vol. I. Tract No. 34.
Western Reserve Historical Society. November, 1876.

8vo, pp. 7.

Baldwin, C. C. A Centennial Lawsuit. Western Reserve Historical So-
ciety. Tract No. 35. December, 1876.

8vo, pp. 4.

This concerns a suit ended in 1870, about advances made in 1778 by Francia Vigo
to General George Bogera Clark.

Baldwin, C. C. The Iroquois in Ohio. Western Reserve Historical So-
ciety. Tract No. 40. Read before the Society December 28, 1868.
Printed, 1877.

Svo, pp. 10.

1,000 printed.

Baldwin, C. C. Early Indian Migration in Ohio. Read before the State
Archssological Society of Ohio in September, 1878.
8vo, pp. 16.

300 printed. 2 maps, one of which, "supposed position of the Indian tribes
about 1600," is repablinhed in The Narrative and OritUal History of America, VoL
4, p. 208.
The address was also printed in the American Antiqitarian, Vol. 1, pp. 227-243.

Baldwin, C. C. Western Reserve Historical Society. Tract No. 50.
Indian narrative of Jndge Hugh Welch, of Green Springs, Seneca and
Sandusky Counties, Ohio. Prepared for the Society by C. C. Bald-
win. Wyandot Missions in ]806-'07. Diary of Quintns F. Atkins.
1879.

8vo, pp. 10.

700 copies printed. ^

Baldwin, C. C. Rev. John Bower, First Minister at Derby, Conn., and
His Descendants. By C. C. Baldwin, secretary of the Historical Society
at Cleveland, Ohio, and corresponding member of the New England
Historic Genealogical Society of Boston. Reprinted from W. C.
Sharpens History of Seymour, Conn. 1879.

8vo, pp. 8.
50 copies printed.

This was written for Sharpens History of Seymour, Conn. John Bower was of
class of 1640, Harvard College, and first classical school teacher at New Haven.

Baldwin, C. C. The Baldwin Genealogy, from 1500 to 1881. By Charles
Candee Baldwin, M. A. Cleveland, Ohio, 1881.
8vo, pp. 974, plates, cuts, and plans.
600 copies printed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — POBD. 185

Baldwin, C. C. The Candee Genealogy, with notioea of allied families of
AUyn, Catlin, Cooke, Mallery, Newell, Norton, Pynchon, and Wads-
worth. By Charles Candee Baldwin, M. A. Cleveland, Ohio : Leader
Printing Company, 14C Superior street, 1882.

8vo, pp. 240, 5 plates.

300 printed.

Baldwin, C. C. Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the Western Reserve His-
*torical Society, at CleveIand,,Ohio, May 9, 1H82. Tract No. 57. Cleve-
land, Ohio, 1882..

8to, pp. 16.

Contains the history of the lines at the head of General Garfield at his funeral :

" Life's race well run,
Life's work well done,
Life's crown well won,
Now comes rest"

Baldwin, C. C. The Geographical History of Ohio. An address delivered
at the Annual Reunion of the Pioneers of the Mahoning Valley, at
Youngstown, September 10, 1880. Western Reserve Historical Society.
Tract No. 63. November, 1884.

8vo, pp. 12.

Also printed in the Magazine of WesUtrn History, and also published 12mo, pp.

^ #

Baldwin, O. C. Map and Description of Northeastern Ohio. By Rev.
John Hecke wilder, 1796. Tract No. 64.* Western Reserve Historical
Society. November, 1884.
8vo, pp. 8, map and portrait.

Also, in Magazine of Western History, with reduced fac^simile of the mi^, and
reprint of the description, with introduction and uot«s.

Baldwin, C. C. Memorial of Col. Charles Whittlesey, late President of
the Western Reserve Historical Society. Tract No. 68. 1887.
8to, pp. 30, and portrait.
All but the bibliography was also printed in the Ma^fazins of Western History.

Baldwin, C. C. Alexander Bryan, of Milford, Connecticut, his Ancestors
and his Descendants. Cleveland, Ohio, 1889.
'8vo, pp. 28.
100 copies.

Baldwin, C» C. The Baldwin Genealogy Supplement. Cleveland, Ohio,

1889.

8vo, pp. 400, plates, plans, and engravings.
400 printed.

Baldwin, Simeon Eben. Constitutional Reform. A Discussion of the
present Inequalities of Representation iu the General Assembly. By
Simeon E. Baldwin of New Haven. Published by the New Haven
County Constitutional Reform Association. New Haven, 1873.

8vo, pp. 10.
Edition, 5,000.

Baldwin, Simbon Eben. The Constitution of the United States, with
References to Judicial Decisions, etc. Prepared for the use of the
Yale Law School. By Simeon £. Baldwin, Professor of Constitutional
Law in Yale College. New Haven : Printed for the Law Department,
1875.

8vo, pp. 42.
Edition, 1.500.

186 ABfERICAN HISTOfilCAL AS80CUTI0N.

Baldwin, Simeon Ebbn. Gradaate Coanes at Law Sohoola.

pp. 16.

Journal tif Social Seienee^ Vol! ix, p. 186.

Baldwin, Simibon Eben. New England SeoeationistB.

Tke New Englander for Maroh, 1878, pp. 146-158.

Baldwin, Simeon Ebbn. Recent Changes in onr State ConBtltutionB.

8vo, pp. 18. .

Journal of Social Science, Yol. li, p. 128.

Baldwin, Simeon Ebbn. Pablio Parks. A lectare delivered in the Me-
chanics' Coarse at the Sheffield Scientific School.

8vo, pp.27.
300 copies.

Baldwin, Simeon Eben. Preliminary Examinations in Criminal Proceed-
ings.

8vo.

Papere of iht American Bar Aeeedatum, Vol. vi, pp. 226-241.

Baldwin, Simeon Ebbn. Insanity as a Legal Fiction. An address deliv-
ered before the Bar Association of Tennessee, July 3, 1884. Nashville,
1884.

8vo, pp. 17.

Baldwin, Slmeon Eben. The New Haven Convention of 1778 ; the Bound-
ary Line between New York and Connectient ; the Ecclesiastical Con-
stitution of Tale College ; Three Historical Papers, read before the New
Haven Colony Historical Society. In Vol. ui of the Papers of the So-
ciety. New Haven, 1882.
8yo, pp. 88-62, 271'>291, 406-442.

Baldwin, Simeon Ebbn. Judaic Christianity. A Paper read before the
New Haven Congregational Cli/b, April 14, 1884. New Haven, 1884.

8to, pp. 19.
Bdition, 400.

Baldwin, Simeon Eben. Historical Pre£sce to the Ceneral Statutes of
Connecticut. Revision of 1875. New Haven, 1875.
pp. Ul-xiv.

Baldwin, Simeon Ebkn. The Genesis of Congregationalism. An Address
delivered before the New Haven Congregational Club, October 11,
1886. New Haven, 1886.

8to, pp. 15.
Editon. 400.

Baldwin, Simeon Eben. Report of the Special Tax Commissioners to the
Qeneral Assembly of Connecticut, at its January Session, 1887. New
Haven, 1887.
8ro, pp. 52.
Also printed in the LegielaUve DooumenU of 1887.

Baldwin, Simeon Eben. The Captors of the Amistad. New Haven, 1887.

Paper* of New Haven Oolony Hietorieal Society, Vol. iv, pp. 331-370.

Baldwin, Simeon Ebbn. The Centenary of Modern Government ; the An-
nual Address before the American Bar Association, delivered at Chicago,
August 29, 1889. Philadelphia, 1889.

pp. 82.

Papers of An^eriean liar Atsociation, Vol. xil.

Bancrft, George. Poems. Cambridge, Mass. : Hilliard <& Metcalf, 1823.

12IDO.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^POBD. 1 87

Bakcboft, Geobge. An Oration on^tbe Fourth of July, 1836| at North-
ampton, MasB. Northampton : T. W. Shepard, 1826.

8to, pp. 90.

Bancroft, Gkorgb. History of the Folitioal System of Europe. Trana-

lated from Heeren, 1829.
Bancroft, Gsoror. The Bank of the United States, [^iioii.] Boston :

. Hale's Steam-Power Press, 1831.

Sto, pp. 44.

Bancroft, George. History of the United States from the discovery of
of the American Continent to the present time. Boston : C Bowen,
1834-75.

10 vols., 8yo.

Vany editions and tnnabiliont, including: New edition, London: BontledgOb
Warne St Rontledge, 1862, 7 voU., ISmo; Revised (Centennary) edition, Boston:
Little, Brown Se, Ca, 1878, 6 vols., ISmo; (German edition, Leipsig: O. Wigand,
1879, 10 vols., Svo.

Bancroft, Gborge. Oration before the Democracy of Springfield, Mass.,
July 4, 1836. Springfield, 1836.

8to.

Bancroft, Gb6rgb. Address at Hartford, before the Democratic' Conven-
tion of Yonng Men of Connecticat, February 18. Boston, 1840.
Svo. 1

Bancroft, Georob. History of the Colonization of the United States.
(Abridged.) Boston: C. C. Little & J. Brown, 1841.
2 vols., 12ino.

Bancroft, Gboroe. Oration at the Commemoration in Washington of
the Death of Andrew Jackson, June 27, 1845. Washington, 1845.

8vo, pp. 8.

Bancboft, Gborge. Ctrcourt, A de. [Notice de P] Histoire. Gen^ye,

1846.
Svo.

Bancroft, GbobcSe. History of the American Reyolntion. London : R.
Bentley, 1852.
2 vols.' Svo.

Bancboft, Gboroe. The necessity, the reality, and the promise of the
(irogress of the human race ; oration before the New York Historical
Society, November 20. New York, 1854."
8vo, pp. 5-37.

Bancroft, Gborge. Literary and Historical Miscellanies. New York :
Harper Sl Brothers, 1855.

8v-o, pp. 517.

Bancroft, George. Seven articles from the ohnrch of Leyden, 1617.

OoUectiont yew York Historical Society, 2d series, v, 3, p. 1, 1857.

Bancroft, George. ProceedingH of the First Assembly of Virginia, 1619;
communicated with an introductory note.

(MUetivn New York BiHorieal Society, 2d series, in. Part i. New York, 1867.

Bancroft, George. Oliver Hazard Perry at the battle of Lake Erie.
Inauguration of the Perry Statue at Clevelaod, 1800.
Svo, 105-123.

Bancroft, George. Letters on the Exchange of Prisoners during the
American War oflndependeuce. New York, 1862.
8vo, pp. 7.

188 AMERICAN HISTORICAL AS80CUTI0N.

Bancroft, George. The League for (he Union. Philadelphia, 1863.

8vo, pp. 20.

Bancroft, George. Memorial Address on the Life and Character of

Abraham Lincoln. Washington, 1866.
9vo, pp. 60, portrait.

Bancroft, George. Joseph Reed : A Historical Study. New York, 1867.

8vo, pp. 64.

Bancroft, George. A Plea fof the Constitution of the United States of
America Wounded in the House of its Guardians. New York : Harper
& Brothers, 1886.
12ino, pp. 95«

Bancroft, George. Address before the American Historical Association
at the third meeting. Washington, April 27, 1886. v
Magazine of American Hittory, June, 1866.

Bancroft, George. Jonathan Edwards.

Ameriean Encyelopcedia.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. The Early American Chroniclers. San Fran-
cisco: A. L. Bancroft & Co., 1883.
8vo, pp. 45.

Bancroft, Hubert Hqwe. The Native Races of the Pacific States.

5 vols.. 8vu, pp. 4088.

Vol. I, Wild Tribes; VoL ii, Civilized Nations; V6L m, Myths and Lan-
guages; Vol. IV, Antiquities ; Vol. v, Primitive History.

All of these and the following volumes by this author were published in San Fran*
Cisco by " The History Company " from 1882 to 189U.~£ditob.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of California.

7 vols., 8vo, electrotyped. Last volume to be published July 20, 1890.

Bancroft, Hubert Howb. Califbrnia Inter Pocula.

8vo, pp. 828.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. California Pastoral.

8vo, pp. 808.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of Alaska.

8vo, pp. 813.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of British Colnmhia.

8vo, pp. 823.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of Oregon.

•2 vols.. Bvoj pp. 1661.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of the Northwest Coast.

2 Vols., 8vo, pp. 1518.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming.

1540-1888.

8vo, pp. 860.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of Utah.

8vo, pp. 855.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of Arizona and New Mexico.

8vo, pp. 829.

Bancrob't, Hubert Howe. History of Texas and the North Mexican

States.

2 vols., 8vo. pp. 1667.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. History of Central America.

3 vols., 8vo, pp. 2449.

BIBLIOQKAPHY — FOkD.

189

Banchoft, Hubert Howe. History of Mexico.

8 toIb., 8vo, pp. 4853/

Barton, Edmukd Mills. The Maritime Provinces.

The New Engtaiui Home Journal, Vol. 1, No. 31, July 20, 1883.
Barton, Edmund Mills. Notes from Cape Breton and Prince Edward
Island. * .

Tke New En^nd Home Journal, Vol. 1, No. 32, July 27, 1883.

Barton, (Edmund Mills. The First Conference of American Librarians. ^
Lilfrary Journal, Vol. xi. Not. 8, 9, AagustSoptember, 1886.
4to, pp. 217-219.
Read July 7, 1886, at the Milwaukee Confereace of Librarians.

Barton, Edmund Mills. Report on the Library of the American Anti-

qnarian Society.

PrOGudinge of the American Antiquarian Society, No. 78, April 30, 1879.

8vo, pp. 41, 42.

No. 2. New series. April 27, ISai. 8vo. pp. 16&-174.

No. 3. New series. October 21, 1881. 8vo. pp. 339-347.

Vol. II, No. I. New serial. AprH26, 1882. 8vo, pp. 31-39.

Vol. II, No. 2. New series. October 21. 1882. 8vo, pp. 136-145.

April 25, 1883. 8vo, pp. 270-282.

October 22, 1883. 8vo, pp. 51-61.

April 30, 1884. 8vo, pp. 130-147.

October 21, 1884. 8to. pp. 310>326.

April 20. 1885. 8vo. pp. 380-S97.

October 21. 1885. 8vo, pp. 36-50.

April 28, 1886. 8ro, pp. 134-147.

October 21, 1886. 8vo. pp. 22^-238.

April 27, 1887. 8vo, pp. 327-^38.

October 21, 1887. 8vo, pp. 56-68.
Vol. T, No. 2. New series. 'April 25. 1888. 8vo, pp. 223-235.
Vol. V, No. 3. New series. October 22, 1888. 8vo. pp. 403-421.
Vol. VI, No. I, New series. April 24, 1889. 8vo, pp. 43-55.
VoL VI, No. 2. New series. October 23, 1880. 8vo, pp.

The library reports, while chiefly relating to the special work of the society and
to library economy in general, have always contained more or less of historical and
biographical material, as will appear by the indexes to the several volumes of the
proceedings of the American Antiquarian Hociety.

Bsardslby, E. Edwards. The History of the Episcopal Church in Con-
necticut from the settlement of the Colony to the death of Bishop
Seabnry. By E. Edwards Beardsley, D. D., LL.D., Rector of St.
Thomas's Church, New Haven. Vol. I, Fourth edition. Boston:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1883.

8vo, pp. 470.

First editiou in 1865.

Bsardslby, E. Edwards. The History of the Episcopal Church in Con-
necticut from the death of Bishop Seabnry to the present time. By
E. Edwards Beardsley, D. D., LL.D., Rector of St. Thomas's Church,
New Haven. Vol. II, Fourth edition. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin &
Co., 1883.

8vo. pp. 465.

First edition in 1868.

BsARDSLST, E. Edwards. Life and Times of Wm. Samuel Johnson,
LL.D., first Senator in Congress from Connecticut and President of
Columbia College, New York. By £. Edwards Beardsley, D. D., LL.D.,

Vol. u, No. 3.
Vol. Ill, No. 1.
Vol. Ill, No. 2.
Vol. Ill, No. 3.
VoL in. No. 4.
Vol. rv, No. 1.
VoL rv. No. 2.
Vol. IV, No. 3.
Vol. IV, No. 4.
VoL V. No. 1.

New series.
New series.
New series.
New'series^
New series.
New series.
New series.
New series.
New series.
New series.

190 AMERICAN HISTOBICAL ASSOCIATION.

Rector of St* Thomas's Church, New Haven. Seoood editioDi reTiMd
and enlarged. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin &> Co., 1886.

8to, pp. 22S, portrait.

Flrat edittop in 1870.

Bbardslky, E. Edwards. Life and Correspondence of Samuel Johnson,
D. D., Missionary of the Church of England in CoAnecticnt and First
President of King's College, New York. By E. Edwards Beardaley, D.
D., LL.D., Rector of St. Thomas's Church, New Haven. Third edition.
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin &, Co., 1887.

8vo, pp. 380, plate. •

First edition in 1873.

Bbardslvy, E. Edwardb. Life and Correspondence of Right Reverend
Samuel Seabury, D. D., First Bishop of Connecticut and of the Episco-
pal Church in the United States of America. By E. Edwards Beards-
ley, D. D., LL.D., Rector of St. Thomas's Church, New Haven. Third
edition. Bpstou : Houghton, Mifflin Sl Co.

Svo, pp. 498, port.
First edition in 1880.

Bbll, Charlrs H. Men and Things of Exeter. Sketches from the his-
tory of an old New Hampshire town. Exeter, 1871.

8vo, pp. lOA.

100 copies reprinted from the Exeter Vewt Letter,

Bell, Charles H. Exeter in 1776. Exeter, 1876.

8vo, pp. 39.

Bell, Charles H. John Wheelwright. Memoir and paper upon the
Wheelwright deed, etc. Issued by the Prince Society. Boston, 1876.
4to, pp. 161. ,

Bell, Charles H. PhillliM Exeter Academy. A historical sketch. Exe-
ter, 1883.

8to, pp. lOi.

Bell, Charles H. History of Exeter, N. H. Exeter, 1888.

8vo, pp. 480+88, 4 pUtesi

Bemis, Edward W. Co-operation in New England.

First published m monofnrapb No. 5, Vol. I, of the pnbliostioiis of the Amerieaa
Economic Assooifttion. This was somewhst reTised and published as a chapter
in History of Co-operation in the United States, being Vol. II of Johns Hopkins
University Studies in Historical and Political Scienoe. In said volane appeared
also my chapter on Co-operation in the Middle States.
Bevlewed in The Nation, June 7, 1888.

Bbmis, Edward W. The Workingmen of the United States. In supple-
ment to American edition of Encyclopedia Britannica.

Bemis, Edward W. Local Government in Michigan and the North-
west, being No. 5 of Vol. I, of Johns Hopkins University Studies in
Historical and Political Science.
Reviewed in The OriUe.

Bemis, Edward W. Mine Labor in the Hocking Valley. Vol. Ill, No.

3, of the Publications of the American Economic Association.
Bemis, Edward W. Old Time Answers to Piesent Problems as nins-

trated by the Early Legislation of Springfield, Mass
New JBnglander and T<Ue Setfiew, Febmar j, 1887.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 191

Bnns, Edward W. Restriotion of Immigrftfeion.

Andavitr Review, March and June, 1888.

Bemis, Edwabd W. Co-operatioD.

Annual Eneydoptedia tot 1888.

Bemis, Edward W. Benefit Featares of American Trades Unions.
PoKHcal Science MmUhly, June, 1887.

BsuiSi Edward W. Insarance of American Workingmen.

Pablished in Germany in Handieorkerhueh der Staaietrietenehaflen.
t Mr. Bemia ha* also publiahed articlea on economioa not eBumerated above.—
Editob. ^ »

BiGBLow, John. Roman Lawyers in the Angnstan Age.

New York Beniew, Vol. ix, July, 1841, pp. 111-139.

BiGBLow, John. Commerce of the Prairies, or the Journal of a Santa F^
Trader during Eight Expeditions Across the Great Western Prairies
and a residence of nearly nine years in Northern Mexico. lUnstrated
with Maps and Engravings. By Josiah Gregg. Vol. I. New York :
Henry G. Laugley, 8 Astor House, 1844. '

Two Tolnmee. Vol. i, pp. i-xvi, 320 ; Vol. m, pp. i-viii, 3ia

This work was edited by John Bifcelow flrom notes fiirnishtid by Josiah Gregg.

BiGELOW, John. Political Patronage.

8to, pp. 163-172.

United SteUea Magazine and Demoeratie Review, September, 1846. *

BiGELOW, John. Lord Eldou.

8to, pp. M-104.

DemoeraHe Review, July and Angost, 1845.

BiGBLOW, John. The Priest, the Wife, and the Family.

8vo, pp. 127-187.

DemoeraHe Review, July and August, 1845.

A review of Michelet's book of a similar title.

BiGBLOw, John. Prospects of the Legal Profession in America.

8vo, pp. 26-35.

Demoeratie Review, January, 1840.

BiGBLOW, John. Reciprocal Influences of the Physical Sciences and Free

Institutions.
8yo, pp. 1-16.
' United States Magagine and Demoeratie Review, January, 1846.

BiGBLOw, John. The New York Constitutional Convention.

8vo. pp. 889-348.

United Statee Magazine and Democrat Review, November, 1846.

BiGBLOW, John. The Progress of Constitutional Reform in the United
States.

8yo, pp. 243-396.

United Statee Magazine and Demoeratie Review, April, 1846.

fiiaBJU>w, John. The Progress of Constitutional Reform in the United
States. (Continued.)

9vo, pp. 408-420.
* United Statet Magazine and Demoeratie Review, June, 1846.

BiGBLOW, John. Jamaica in 1850, or the Effects of Sixteen Years of
Freedom on a Slave Colony. New York and London: George P.
Putnam.

12mo, pp. ir, 214.

JEditfam. 800 copies.

192 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

BiGELOW, John. Mirabeau and Sophie.

New York Independent, eirea 1861. *

BiGELOW, John. The Last Days ot Toussaint de VOavertare.

New York Independent^ eirea 1861.

BiGELOW, John. Les ^tats-Unis d'Am^rique en 1863, leiir iiistoire poli-
tique, lenrs res^onrces mindralogiqiios, agricoles, industrielles'et com-
mercialcs, et de la part pour laqnelle ils <mt contribu<^~ib la riphesse et
b, la civilization du monde entier, par John Higelow, consul des l^tats-
Unis. Paris: Librairie de L. Hychetto «fe C'*^, Boulevard Saint-Ger-
main, No.*77, l^'3. •

8vo, pp. 5i9.

BiGELOW, John. Speech at the First Thanksgiving Celebration in Paris
after the Suppression of the Rebellion, December 7, 1865. Pnbliahed
by the Committee of Arrangements. Paris : Printed by £. Bri^re, roe
Saint-Honor^ 237.
8vo, pp. 3.

BiGELOW, John. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Edited from his
mauuscript, with notes and an introduction. Philadelphia : J. B.
Lippincott Sl Co. ; Loudon : Trubner & Co., 1868.

8vo, pp. 409, portrait.

Elet^rotyped, 100 copies on large paper.

BiGELOW, John. Speech at the Farewell Banquet to Mr. John Bigelow,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United
States to France, given at the Graud Hotel, December 19, 1866. By
the American residents of Paris. Typographe de Henri Plon, 1867.
8vo, pp. 15-21.

BiGELOW, John. Speech at Dinner of the Union College Alumni Associa-
tion, April 27, 1869. New York: Evening Post Steam Presses, 41 Nas-
sau Street, corner of Liberty.

pp. 38-38.

BiGELOW, John. Some Recollections of the late Antoine Pierre Berryer.
A paper read before the New York Historical Society, on Tuesday
evening, February 16, 1869.
8vo, pp. 3-36.

BiGELOW, John. Beaumarchais, the Merchant. Letters of Thetenaa de
Francey, 1777-^80. New York: Charles Scribner Sl Co., 1870.
Royal 8vo, pp. 10.
Thla paper was partly read before the New York Historical Society, April 6,

1870. '

BiGELOW, John. Father Hyacinthe and his Church.
Putnam's Magazine, January, 1870, pp. 90-113.

BiGELOW, John. France and Hereditary Monarchy. London: Sampson
Low Son & Marston ; New York : Charles Scribner & Co., 1871.
8vo, pp. 1-80.

BiGELOW, John. The Proper mode of Celebrating the Centennial Anni-
versary of our National Independence, a letter addressed to Senator
Conkling.

Ktv> York Tribune, 1871.

BiGELOW, John. Was St. iPeter ever at Rome f
Oalaxy, eirea 1871-'72.

BIBLIOGBAPHY — FOBD. l93

BiGELow, John. A breakfast with Alexander Damas.

Galaxy, 1871.

BiGELOW, John. The American Rubicon. The Perils of Electing a Presi-
dent for a Third Term.
New York Tribune, 1874.

BiGELOw, John. Wit and Wisdom of the Haytians.

Harper'g Magazine, Jiily, 1875, pp. 288-291 ; Augast, 1875, pp. 43&-441.

BiGELOW, John. Annus Mirabilis.

Tribune, 1867.

HiGELOW, John. Discourse delivered at the Bryant Memorial meeting
^ of the Century Asi^ociatiou, November 12, 187B.
8vo, pp. 21-62.

BiGELOW, John. The Wit and Wisdom of the Haytians. New York:
Scrihner & Armstrong, 1877.

12iD0, pp. 112.

BiGELOW, John. Franklin, a Sketch. Boston : Little & Brown, 1879.

12uu>, pp. 20.

Also, in Encyclopedia Britanniea, title FrankliD.

BiGELOW, John. Franklin's Religous and Moral character examined.
Xew York Observer, June 19, 26, July 3, 1879.

BiGELOW, John. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Written by himself.
Now first edited from original manuscripts and from his printed cor-
respondence and other writings. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott & Co.,

1873.

12II10. Vol. I, pp. 1-579; Vol. II, pp. 1-547; Vol. ill, pp. 1-542. Foi trait. Elec-

tiotyped. Reissues in 1875 and 1879.

BiGELOW^, John. Mr. Seward and Mr. Motley.

International Revieto, July and August, 1878, pp. 544-556.

BiGELOW, .John. De Witt Clinton as a politician.

Barper't Magazine, New York, February, 1875, pp. 409-417 ; March, 1875, pp.
563-.571.

Consists largely of extracts from tbo correspondence of Henry Post, an intimate
friend and zealous partisan of Clinton.

BiGELOW, John. A Compendium of the Theological Writings of Emanuel
Swedenborg. By Samuel M. Warren. Third and revised edition.
With a biographical introduction. J. B. Lippincott &, Co., 1879.
8vo, pp. Ixxxvi, 773, portrait.

BiGELOW, John. Sketch of the Life of Thomas Jeiferson.
Bneyelopedia Britanniea.

BiGELOW, John. Sketch of Gilbert Mortier Marquis de Lafayette.

Encyclopedia Britanniea.

BiGELOW, John. A Visit to the Republic of San Mariuo.
Harper** Magazine, Febmary, 1880, pp. 365-872, illustrations.

BiGELOW, John. Submarine Institute at Naples.

Letter to Samuel J. Tilden, and by him given to the New York Evening Poet,

1880.

BiGELOW, John. Speech at the Banquet given to M. de Lesseps, at Del-
monico's, March 1, 1880. New York : D. Appleton &, Co., 1880.
8vo, pp. 17-20.

BiGBLOW, John. The New French Minister of Public Instruction. (Paul

Bert.)

Harper's Magazine, March, 1882, pp. 559-567.

S. Mis. 170 13

194 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

BiGELOW, John. The Firat Century of the English Mission.
Frartk Leslie's Popular Montfdj/, July. 1882, 1^10, iUuatrated.

BiOELOW, John. Railway Invasion of Mexico.

Sarper'i Magazine, October, 1882, pp. 745-757.
BiOKLOW, John. Molinos, the Quletist. New York: Charles ^oribner's

Sous, 1882.

12mo, pp. 127.

BiGELOW, John. The Heir Presamptive to the Imperial Crown of Mexico.
Harper » Magazine, April, 1888, pp. 736-749, illustrated.

BiGELOW, John. The Writings and Speeches of Samuel J. Tilden. Vol. I.
New York : Harper & Bros., 1885.
2 vols. 8vo, pp. xviii, 806 ; 601.

BiGELOW, John. Thomas Jefferson's Financial Diary.
Harper's Magazine, March, 1885, pp. 534-542.

BiGELOW, John. Some Recollections of Charles O^Conor.
The Century Magazine, March, 1885, pp. 725-736, portrait.

BiGELOW, John. Some Recollections of Lord Houghton. (Monckton

Mills).

Harper's MagaHne, November, 1885, pp. 352-357.

BiGELOW, John. Galileo and the Doctrine of Correspondences.
New Ohureh Meggenger, April 15, 1885, pp. 2.

Direvte attention to the similarity of the views of Galileo and Swedenborg on the
subject of the correspondence between spiritual and natural phenomena.

BiGELOW, John. The Panama Canal. Report of the Hon. John Bigelow,
delegated by the Chamber of Commerce of New York to assist at the
inspection of the Panama Canal in February, 1886. New York : Press
of the Chamber of Commerce, 1886.
8vo, pp. 30, diagram.

BiGELOW, John. The Complete Works of Bei^amin Franklin, including
bis private as well as his official and scientific correspondence and
numerous letters and documents now for the first time printed, with
many others not included in any former collection ; alsQ the unmnti-
lated and correct version of his autobiography, compiled and edited
by John Bigelow. New York and London : G. P. Putnam's Sons ; The
Knickerbocker Press, 1887.

10 vols., 8vo.

Vol. 1. 1726-'44, pp. xxxil, 523, portrait.

Vol. II. 1744-'57, pp. xni, 523, 4 plates.

Vol. III. 1758-'66, pp. xiii, 511, 2 plates.

Vol. IV. 17C7-'72, pp. xvii, 558, portrait, plate.

Vol. V. 1772-75, pp. XV, 664, I plate.

Vol. VI. 1776-79, pp. XX, 485.

Vol. VII. 1780-'82, pp. XXIV, 407.

Vol. VIII. 1782-'84, pp. XIX, 522.

Vol. IX. 1784-'88, pp. XIV, 484, 3 plates.

Vol. X. nSS-TJO (supplement), pp. xx, 448.

Edition. 600 copies.

Reviewed in The New York Times August 21, 1887, June 24, December 0. 1888 j
Neto York Tribune February 20, April 3, 1887, January 10, June 8, October 8, 1888;
by Edward Eggleston in tho Neto York Oommerciai Advertiser September 14, 1888;
The Oriti<: December 15, 1888.

BiGELOW, John. France and the Confederate Navy. New York : Harper
& Bros., 1888.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 195

BiGELOW, John. Franklin's Home and Host in France.
Th$ Century Magazine^ March, 1888, pp. 741-754, lUnBtTatod.

BiGELOW, JoHV. Emannel Swedenbocg. Servus Domini. New York and

London : G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1888.
Octavo, pp. 86.

This is also pobUshed as the introdaction to 'Warren's Compendium of the Theo*
logical WriUnss of Swedenborg. J. B. Lippincott Sc Cu., Philadelphia.

BiGBLOW, John. France and the Confederate Navy, ld62-'68. An Inter-
national Episode. New York : Harper &, Bros., Franklin Sqnare, 1888.
13 mo, pp. x-247.

BiGRLOWi John. Some Recollections of the late Edoaard Laboulaye.
Privately printed, October, 1889.
12mo. pp. IV, 81.

BiGBLOW, Mblville Madison. Placita Anglo-Normannica: Law Cases
from William I. to Richard I. Preserved in historical records. By
Melville Madison Bigelow, author of '^ A Treatise on the Law of Estop-
pel," ''Leading Cases on Torts, with historical notes,'' etc. London:
SampBon Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1879.

8to, pp. Iziv, 328.
Edition, 500 copies.

For the American market certain copies beai the imprint Boston : Little, Brown
& Co., 1879; and some, Boston: Soale 4r Bagbee, 1881..

BiGKLow, Melville Madison. History of Procedure in England, from
the Norman Conquest. The Norman Period (1066-1204). By Melville
Madison Bigelow, Ph. D., Harvard University. London: Macmillan
&. Co., 1880.
8vo, pp. 411.
Edition. 500 copies.

For the American market certain copies bear the imprint, Boston : Little, Brown
&. Co., 1880.

Both the foregoing reviewed at the time in the English and American, and in
several German, legal and literary journals.

BiRNEY, William. James Q. Birney and his Times. The Genesis of the
Republican Party. With some account of abolition movements in the
South before 18-28. By William Birney, Ex-Brevet Major-General, U.
S. Volunteers. New York : D. Apple ton Sc Co., 1889.
8vo, pp. (about) 420.
The irork is dedicated to the Students of American History*.

Bishop, George Rikbr. Papers on Short-hand, mainly historical, though
to some extent bibliographical, all printed in Piooeedin^H of the New
York State Stenographer's Association. I. Presidential Opening Ad-
dress, at annual meeting held at Watkins, N. Y., AuguHt, 18^3. II. A
Stenographer of the Old School, the era preceding Pitman ; a paper
read at the annual meeting of 1884, at the Catskills. III. Stenography
as a Profession : containing, by way of concrete illustration, a sketch of
the growth of professionalism in the law, especially denial at one time
of the proftFssional rank in the Canonists and Civilians, in the univer-
sities of the Middle Ages ; a paper read at annual meeting of tho Asso-
ciation at Alexandria Bay, 1889. Also, IV, not contained in the Stato
Association Proceedinga, article on Short-hand, almost wholly historical,
in "International Cyclopaedia" (Dodd, Mead & Co.), 1881>. Also, in
introductions to his '* Outlines of a Modified Phonography," 1884, and

196 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

to his ''Exact Phonography,'' 1889, both published by the aathor,
some historical ftcts and references are given. Mr. Bishop has also
had a namber of contribiitiona, partly historical, pnblished in vari-
ous short-hand publications; and a paper of his on ''Exactneea in
Short-hand," is to appear in Proceedings of Business Educators' Con-
vention for 1889, this being also largely historical.

Bliss, William Root. Colonial Times on Buzzard's Bay. Boston : Hough-
ton, Mif&in & Co., 1888.

8vo, pp. 238, map, fac-aimile.

Second enlarged edition in Augnst, 1889. Reviewed in New York Journal of Com-
meree, December 6, 1888; New York ^vangelUt, December 6, 1888; The JourtuiUH
(New York), December 8, 1888 ; Vtica Morning Herald, December 13, 1888; Newark
DaUy Advertiser, December 11, 1888; Boston Daily Transcript, December 15, 1888;
The Independent (New York), December 20, 1888; The Christian Union (New York),
December 20, 1888; Chicago Tribune, December 27, 1888 r TttusviUe (Pa.) Morning
Herald, December 18. 1888; Boston 7Vae«2{«r, December 10, 1888; Hartford Courant
(in December), 1888; Brooklyn (N. Y.) Times, December 20, 1888; Boston Post,
Januarys, 1889; Springfield lieptibliean (Mmh.), January 22, 1889; Boston Herald
January, 1880; The Congregationalist, (Boston), February U, 1889;,JA4s Nation
(New York), February 28, 1890; New York Evening Post, March, 1880; Churchman,
March 2, 1880; Christian at Work, March 7, 1889; The New Engktnder (Keviewof
30 pages), March, 1880; The Critic (N. Y.). March 0, 1880; Boston Daily Advertiser,
March 12, 1880; Springfield (Maaa.) Union, March, 1880; New York Observer, April
18, 1880 ; Commercial and Financial Chronicle (New York). April 20, 1880 ; Atlantic
Monthly, November, 1880; New York Mail and Express, October 29, 1880.

Bliss, William Root. The Town's Mind.

The New Princeton Review, Vol. it, No. 2, September, 1887.
Bliss, Wiluam Root. The Agawame Plantation.

The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. XLI. April, 1887.

BLISS) William Root. Impressments at Wareham, Mass., 1741 to 1748.
The New England Historieed and Qenealogveal Register, VoL xut, April, 1889.

Bourne, Edward Gaylord. The Origin of the Aryans.
Ne\o Englander, April, 1887, pp. 405-411.

A st«t.ement of the modem anthropological arguments for the Earopean origin
of the Aryan peoples as set forth in Karl Penka's " Die Herkanft der Arier.l'

Bourne, Edward Gaylord. The History of the Surplus Revenue of 1837.
Being an account of its origin, its distribution among the States, and
the-uses to which it was applied. By Edward G. Bourne, B. A., Foote
scholar in Yale College. New York and London : G. P. Pntnam's Sons;
The Knickerbocker Press, 1885.
12mo, pp. vui, 161.
1,000 copies printed.

Reviewed in The Nation J oXy 16, 1885; New Englander jKaniiry, 1886.
See also Horace White's " The Surplus and the Tariff," an address pnblished by
the Massachusetts Tariff Reform League, 1888.

The most important feature ot the work is the detailed accoant of the usee to
which the surplus was applied by tha States. Nowhere else is the subject treated
with any fullness.
It contains a full classified bibliography of all sources of information.

BowEN, Clarence Wimthrop. The Boundary Disputes of Connectiont.
Boston : James R. Osgood & Co., 1882.
4to, pp. 00, 17 maps, portrait.
1,000 copies printed and electrotyped.

Reviewed in Nation August 3. 1882; Neto York Evening Post July 31, 1882;
Ohurehman July 212, 1882 ; New York TimeslAngaBt 14, 1882 ; The Independent, June
22.1882.

BIBLIOQRAPH V — FORD. 197

BoWKK, Clarence WiNTHROP. Woodstock. An Historioal Sketch. Read
at Roseland Park, Woodstock, Conn., at the bi -centennial celebration
of the town on Tnesday, September 90, 1886. New York and London :
Q. P. Putnam's Sons ; The Knickerbocker Press, 1886.

8to, pp. 64.

500 copies priDted ; not electrotyped.

Reviewed in Magatine of American HUtory Ootober, 1886; Evening Pott Septem-
ber 23, 1886.

BowEN, Clarence Winthrop. Arthur and Lewis Tappau. Paper read
at Bro:^way Tabernacle, New York, October 2, 1883, at fiftieth anni-
versary of the New York City Anti-Slavery Society.

BowBN, Clarence Winthrop. History of Woodstock Academy, Wood-
stock, Conn. Paper read at Woodstock, Conn., at dedication of new
academy bnilding, Angnst, 1873.

Bowen, Clarence Winthrop. Christopher Columbns, 1492-1892. Letter
written from Spain May, 1883, regarding four hundredth anniversary
of discovery of America by Columbus.

Bowen, Clarence Winthrop. The Inangnration of Washington.

The Centuty JUustrated Monthly Magazine, Vol. xxxvil.'Ko. 6, April, 1889.
8vo, pp» 803-833. liluatrttted.

Brackett, Jeffrey Richardson. The Negro in Maryland. A Study of
the Institution of Slavery. Extra volume No. vi, Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity. Studies in Historical and Political Science. Baltimore: N.
Murray, publication agent, Johns Hopkins University, 1889.

8vo, pp. 268.

Brackett. Jeffrey Richardson. Essays in the Constitutional History

of the United States in the Formative Period, 1775-^89. Edited by Prof.

J. F. Jamesou. The Status of the Slave, 1775-*89. By Jeffrey R.

Brackett, Ph. D. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston and New York, 1889.

8vo. pp. 263-311.

Brantly, William Theophilus. The Influence of European Speculation
in the Foimation of the Federal Constitution.
Souihem Law ^evie^o, Vol. 6, p. 350, Angnat, 1880.

Brantly, William Theophilus. The English in Maryland.

Chapter 13 of Vol, in of Wimor't Narrative aiui Ontical Hietory of America. •

BrbtT; William Howard. Rise and Growth of the Cleveland Public
Library.

Magazine of WeeUm Hietory, Vol. vii, November, 1887.
8vo, pp. 55-61.

Briggs, M. M. The Pioneers of Utica: Sketches of its inhabitants and
its institutions, with the civil history of the place, from its earliest
settlement to the year 1825 ; the Era of the opening of the Erie Canal.
Utica, 1877.

pp. 6M, 14 portraits, 2 maps.

Brigqs, M. M. The Fonnders of the Oneida County Medical Society. Read
' before the Society July 12, 1881, and published at their request.

pp.48.

Briggs, M. M. The Earliest Factories of Oneida and their Projectors.
Read before the Oneida Historical Society. Published in their Trans-
actions, 1881.

198 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCUTJON.

Briogs, M. M. The Utica High School. Read before the Oneida Histori-

oal Society. Pablished io their Transactions, 1885.
Brigos, H. M. Historical Sketch of the Utica Orphan Asylam. Address

read at its &Oth Anniyersary, 1680. Pablished by the Association,
pp. 24.

Brock, Robert Alonzo. Wynne's Historical Docnments from the Old
Dominion, No. 5, <' Gather up the Fragments that remain." The
Vestry-Book of Henrico Parish, Virginia, 1730-'73, comprising a His-
tory of the Erection of, and other interesting facts connected with the
yenerable St. John's Chnrch, Richmond, Virginia, from the Original
manuscript, with Notes and an Introduction. By R. A. Brock, Mem-
her of the Virginia Historical Society, and Corresponding Member of
the Numismatic Society of Philadelphia; the Archaeological and Nu-
mismatic Society of New York, and the Numismatic Society of Boston.
Printed for Private Distribution. Richmond, Va., 1874.

4to, pp. xxviii, 222.

Editdon of 100 copies.

Brock, Robert Alonzo. Charles Campbell, the Historian of Virginia.

Potter's American Monthly ^ Vol. vii, No. 60, December, 1876. pp. 425-427. 4to.

Brock, Robert Alonzo. A Succinct Account of Tobacco in Virginia.
Historical, Agricultural, and Statistical, 1607-1790, with some mention
incidentally of its history in Maryland. Prepared for the Tenth Cen-
sus of the United States.

TeTUh Oenew of the UniUd States. Statistics of Agriculture. 4to, pp. 212-225.

Brock, Robert Alonzo. Journal of William Black, 1744, Secretary of
the Commissioners appointed by Governor Qooch of Virginia, to unite
with those from the Colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland, to treat
with the Iroquois or Six Nations of Indians in reference to the lands
west of the Allegheny Mountains. Annotated.

'Penneylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. i, No. 2, pp. 117-132; No.
3. pp. 233-249; No. 4, pp. 404-419; Vol. n, No. 1» pp. 42-49.

Brock, Robert Alonzo. Richmond as a Manufacturing and Trading
Center ; including a Historical Sketch of the City. Richmond, Va. :
Jones & Cook, 1880.
8vo, pp. 58.

Brock, Robert Alonzo. The Nelson House, Torktown, Virginia.

The Magazine of American History, Yol. vii, No. 1, July, 1881, pp. 47-58. •
PUte of Nelson House, and cut of the Nelson arms.

Brock, Robert Alonzo. Early Iron-Manufacture in Virginia, 1619-1776.
Accompanying specimens of slag from the old foundry at Falling
Creek, Va. Established in 1619. Donation, No. 9378.

Proceedings of Vnited States National Miueun^ 1886. 870, pp. 77-^.

Brock, Robert Alonzo. Commerce, Manufacture, and General Statistics
of Richmond, Virginia, 188.5. Internal Commerce of the United States,
1886.

8vo, pp. 78-92.

Brock, Robert Alonzo. Virginia, 1606-1689. Vol. iii, Chap, v, pp. 127-
166. Narrative and Critical History of America. Edited by Justin
Winsor, etc. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 4to. Boston, Mass.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 199

Brock, Robert Aloxzo. Kxecntiyes of Virginia, 1606-1889. Hardeaty's
Encyclopedia Folio, Toledo. Republished in 1889 as ^'Virginia and
Virginians.** Vol. i, p. 408. Containing chiefly the biographical
sketches as above, Vol. ii, pp. 516-551, illastruted.

Brock, Robkrt Alonzo. Southern Historical Society Papers. Vol. xv.
Paroles of the Army of Northern Virginia, R. E. Lee, General C. S. A.,
commanding, surrendered at A)>pomattoz C. H., Va., April 9, 1865, to
Lieu tenant-General U. 8. Grant, Commanding Arn^ies of the U. S.
Now first printed from the duplicate originals in the archives of the
Southern Historical Society. Edited with introduction and notes by
B. A. Brock, Secretary of the Southern Historical Society, Richmond,
Va. Published by the Society, 1887.
8vo, pp. xxviii, 608.

Brock, Robe;rt Alonzo. Southern Historical Society Papers. Vol. xvi.
Edited by R. A. Brock, Secretary of the Southern Historical Society,
etc. 1888.

8vQ, pp. 464.

EditioBs of 1,000 copies eaoli.

Note.— Mr. Brock haa been a freqaent contributor to the preas and magazines
since boyhood ; was one or the editors of the Richmond Standard, a select family
paper, with departments of science, history, genealogy, etc., from 1878 to 1882; has
edited eight Tolumes of the new series of the "Virginia Historical (yollections,"
published by the Virginia Historical Society, and two Tolamos of the " Papers '' of
the Southern Historical Society (of which he has been the secretary aiuce Jnly,
1887), and other historical, autiqnarian, and genc^ogical works, beaidfa contribu-
tions to standard works, and preparing variona st'itiittical and historical papers for
the United States Government and his native State and citj*.
BKOifSON, Henry. The History of Waterbury, Conn., the original town-
ship, embracing Watertown and Plymouth and parts of Oxford, WoU
cottf Middlebury, Prospect, and Naugatnck, with an appendix of biog-
raphy, genealogy, and statistics. Waterbury : Bron Brothers, 1858.
8mo, pp. 582, 29 engravings.

Bronson, Henry. A Historical Account of Connecticut Currency, Conti-
nental Money, and the Finances of the Revolution.

Papera of the New Haven Colony Historical Society , Vol. I, 1865. 8vo.

BR0NS019, Henry. Brief biographical notices of Prof. William Tully, M.
D., 8vo, 1861, pp. 7; of Prof. Charles Hooker, M. D., 8vo, 18(55, pp. 10;
of Prof. Eli Ives, M. D., 8vo, 1807, pp. 10; of Prof. Worthington
Hooker, M. D., 8vo, 1870, pp. 6, printed in the years attached to the
names, in the Proceedings of the Connecticut Medical Society.

Bronson, Henry. Medical History and Biography.

Papert of the N. H. Colony Historical Society, Vol. n, pp. 150.

It is a history of the movement which ended in chartering and organizing the
Connecticnt Medical Society and other local societies in Connecticut, with brief
biographical sketches of those engaged in the work.

Bronson, Henry. History of Intermittent Fever in the New Haven Re-
gion, with an attempt to distinguish known from unknown causes.
Proceedings of the ConneotictU Medical Society, 1872, pp. 52.

Bronson, Henry. Biographical Sketch of the Life and Character of
Ralph J. Ingersoll, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
to Russia. 1873.
8vo, pp. 19.

This pamphlet was printed for private circnlation. A much abbreviftted copy
appeared in the Connecticut Reports, 1873.

200 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Brokson, Hbnry. Chapters on the Early Govemnieut of Couneotlcat,
With Critical and Explanatory Keinarkti on the Constitution of 16:)9.
Papers of the New Haven Colony Hietorical Society, Yol. m, 1882.
8vo, pp. 111.

Brown, Alexander. Sir Thomas West, Third Lord de la Warr.

The Magazine of American Hiatory. Vol. ix, No. 1, Janaarj^ 1883, pp. 18-30.

Brown, Alkxandkr. Concerning the Virginia Pioneers.

The Magazine of American Hiutory, Vol. ix, No. 6, June, 188.1, pp. -461-464.

Brown, Alexander. Abstract of Mr. Brown's Paper ** New Views of Early

Virginia History, 1606-1619."

Papere of the American Hietorical Aetociation, Vol. ll, No. 1, pp. 22-23.

Thia paper was read by Dr. Charles I)eane, vice-president of the Massacbii-
aetts Hiatorioal Society at tbo evening session of the American Historical Asso-
ciation, Washington, April 27, 1886. The paper wis afterwanls privately printe<l
for me by The Bedford Ind^x, Liberty, Va., 150 copies, which were given to friends
and placed where they were likely to aid me in pfocnring data for my forth-
coming Oenesie of the United Statee.

Brown, John Mason. Memoranda of the Preston Family. Printed for
private distrlhntion . Frankfort, Ky : S. I. M. Major, printer, 1870.
A sketch of the descendants of John Preston, of Tinkling Spring; Augusta
County, Va. Limited edition of 300 'copies.

In this compilation is contained tbo genealogy of tlie Preston, Breckinridge,
Brown, Blair, and McDowell families of Virginia and Kentucky.

Brown, John Mason. An oration delivered on the occasion of the cen-
tennial commemoration of the battle of the Blue Licks, August 19,
1882. Pahlished under the auspices of the Kentucky Historical So-
ciety, Frankfort, Ky. Printed at the Kentucky Yeoman office: Major,

Johnston & JBarrett, 1682.

A historical account of the inonrsion of Simon Girty and attack on the Kentucky
settlements.
Edition, 600 copies.

Brown, John Mason. An address delivered on the occasion of the cen-
tennial commemoration of the town of Frankfort, Ky., October 0, 18S6.
Lonisville, Ky. : Kentucky Lithograph and Printing Company, 1886.
Containing researches and narratives of political events connected with the al*
leged Spanish conspiracies and the intrigues of Aaron Barr.
Edition, 500 copies.

Brown, John Mason. Kentucky Pioneers. Historical article upon the
early settlers of Kentucky.

Harper's Magazine for June, 1887, Vol. 75, pp. 48-71.

Brymnbr, Douglas. Series of reports on '' Canadian Archives," contain-
ing documents relating to the history of Canada and the United States.
Published by the Canadian Government from 1881 to 1688, to be fol-
lowed by other aunual reports on the same subject. A paper read at
Washington on the origin aud progress of the work of collecting
Canadian Archives has been published in the report of the proceedings
at Washington, December, 1889, of the American Historical Association.

BuGBEB, Jambs McKrllar. A Memorial of Edward Everett, from the
city of Boston. Boston : Printed by order of the city council, 1865.
Royal 8v^o, pp. 315. 2 portraits.
Limited edition, on large paper.

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BcTGBKB, James McKellar. Fires aud Fire Departments. Boston: James
R. Osgood & Co., 1873.
8vo, pp. 38.'
OriKinally printed in North American Review, Jaly, 1873

BUGBEE; James McKellar. The Battle of Bunker Hill. [Osgood's Cen-
tenniul Memorial.] A prose sketch to accompany Oliver Wendell
Holmes's "Grandmother's Story of Bunker Hill Battle." Boston:
James R. Osgood & Co., 1875. »

4to, pp. 12. Illustrated.

BuOBEE, James McKellar. Celebration of the Centennial Anniversary
of the Battle of Bunker Hill, with an appendix [by Justin WinsorJ,
containing a snrvey of the literature of the battle, its antecedents and
results. Compiled and edited by James M. Bngbee. Boston : A.
Williams & Co., 1875.
8vo, pp. 174. Iliastrated.

BUGBEB, James McKellar. The Eastern Question Historically Con-
sidered. Boston : James R. Osgood & Co., 1877.
16mo, pp. 95, 2 maps.

BuGBEE, James McKellar. The Origin and Development of Local Self-
Government in England and the United States. Au address by James
M. Bugbee, read at the annual meeting of the Americau Social Science
Association in Boston January 14, 1680. Boston : A. Williams & Co.,
1880.

8vo., pp. 39.

Bugbee, James McKellar. Boston under the Mayors. Vol. iii, Chap.
II. Memorial History of Boston. Boston, 1881.
4to, pp. 217-292. Illustrated.

Bugbee, James McKellar. The City Government of Boston.

Johns Hopkint UniperHty Studiet in Ilittorieal and Political Science, 5th neries,
TIL Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Univ'ersity, March 1887.
8vo, pp. 60.

Burgess, John W. The American Commonwealth.
PoliOcal Science Quarterly, Vol. i. No. 1.

Burgess, John W. The recent Constitutional Crisis in Norway.
Political Science Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 2.

Burgess, John W. Von Hoist's Public Law of the United States.
PoUtieal Science Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 4.

BuRGBS^, John W. The Cnltur« Conflict in Prussia.
Political Science Quarterly, VoL II, No. 2.

Burgess, John W. Labaud's German Public Law.
Political Science Quart^irly, Vol. Ill, No. 1.

Burgess, .John W. The German Emperor.
Political Science Quart^irly, Vol. in, No. 2.

Burgess, John W. The Electoral Count.

PoUtieal Science Quarterly, Vol. ill, No. 4.

Burgess, John W. The legal status of Religious Organization in the

Modern States.

Andover Review, VoV VUI, No. 43.

Burgess, John W. The study of the Political Sciences iu Columbia

College.

International Review, Vol. xil, No. 4.

202 AMERICABT HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Burgess, John W. The Methods of Historical Study and Besearoh in
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BuRGRSS, John W. The American University. Boston : Ginn, Heath &
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Burgess, John W. The Franks.

Johnson'g Otfclopcffdia, Vol. ii.

BuRCilcss, John W. The Middle Ages.
Johnetm's Cyclopiedia, YoL in.

Bush, Georgr Gary. The Origin of the First German Universities.

8vo, pp. 40.

:Education, March, Kay, and July, 188i.

Reprint, Boston: New England Publishing Company.

Bush, George Gary. First Common Schools of New England.
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Bush, Geokge Gary. Harvard: The First American University. An
Historic Work. Boston: Cupples^Topham &, Co., Publishers, 1886.
l6mo, pp. 160.

Bush, George Gary. United States Bureau of Education, Circnlar of In-
formatiou, No. 7, 1888. Contributions to American Educational History.
Edited by Herbert B. Adams. No. 6. History of Education in Florida,
by George Gary Bush, Ph. D. Washington: Government Printing
Office, 1889.

8vo, pp. 54, 4 plates.

Butler, George H. Thomas Butler and his Descendants. A genealogy
of the descendants of Thomas and Elizabeth Butler of *' Butler's Hill,''
South Berwick, Me., 1674 to 1880. New York : Trow's Printing and
Book-binding Company.

8vo, pp. 198. Frontieplcce.

Edition, 600 copies.

Reviewed in The New York Oenealogieal and Bioffraphical Record^ Janaary, 1887.

Butler, Nicholas Murray. The Influence of the War of 1812 upon the
Consolidation of the American Uuion. By Nicholas Mnrray Batler,
Ph. D., Columbia College. Baltimore: Publication Agency of the
Johns Hopkins University, July, 1887.

8vo, pp. 24.

Edition 2,000 copies.

Campbell, Douglas. Climatic Influences as Affecting Secession and Be-
constrnction.

NwrOi American Review, January, 1866.

Camppell, Douglas. Central New York in the Revolution. An address
delivered at Cherry Valley, N. Y., 1878, at the unveiling of a monu-
ment to commemorate the massacre of November, 1778. Privately
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8vo.

600 copies printed. It is also ia Oentennial Oelebratiwu of the State of New
York, 1879.

Campbell, Douglas. Historical Fallacies Regarding Colonial New York.
An address delivered before the Oneida Historical Society, at Utica,
N.Y.. January 14,1879.

Published by the society. Edition, 600 copiea.

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Campbell, Douglas. The Iroquois or Six Nations, and New York's In-
dian Policy. In *^ General John Sullivan's Indian Expedition." Aa<
burn, N, Y. : Knapp, Peck & Thompson, Printers, 1887.

4to, pp.457>470.

Pablisb^d by the State of New York. Edition, 5,000 copies.

Campbell, Dougt^s. New York and Ohio's Centennial.

Magazine o/Ameriean History, March, 1888.

Carrington, Henry Beebee. The Indian Question. Addresses in Eng-
land and America and opening of wagon- road to Montana. With

maps. Boston : Charles H. Whiting, 1866.
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Carringtox, Henry Beebee. Ab-sa-ra-ka, land of Massacre, being the
experience^of an officer's wife on the Plains, with an ontline of Indian
operations and conferences from 1865 to 1878. By Col. Henry B. Car-
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Sixth edition of Mrs. Carrington's narrative, Philadelphia : J. B. Lip-

pencott &, Co., 1868.

12ino, pp. 878. lUustrated.

Carrington, Henry Beebee. Battles of the American Revolution, 1775-
1781. Historical and military criticism. With topographical illustra-
tions. ** Institia et prat&rea nilJ^ Fifth thousand. By Henry B. Car-
rington, M. A., LL.D., Colonel United States Army, Professor Military
Science and Dynamic Engineering, Wabash College, State of Indiana,
United States of America. Forty-one maps. New York, Chicago, and
New Orleans : A. S. Barnes &, Co., 1876.

8to, pp. 712.

Carrington, Henry Beebee. Ocean to Ocean. Philadelphia : J. B. Lip-
pincott&Co, 1878.
16mo, pp. 48. Maps.

Carrington, Henry Beebee. Crisis Thoughts. In three parts : I. ''The
hour, the peril, the duty," 1861. II. "The war; its nature and pros-
pects, its moral and social evils, and its ultimate result," 1863. III.
" Kind words to colored citizens upon the religious, educational, social,
and personal duty of their race," 1869. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippin-
c*)tt&Co., 1878.
12mo, pp. 108.

Carrington, Henry Beebee. Battle Maps and Charts of the American
Revolution. Forty-one maps, with field notes ; for high schools and
colleges. New York, Chicago, and New Orleans: A. S. Barnes <& Co.,
1881.

8ro, p0. 78. 41 maps.

Carrington, Henry Beebee. The Strategical Relations of New Jersey to
the War for American Independence. Delivered before and published
by the New Jersey Historical Society, 1885.

Carrington, Henry Beebee. ' ' The Washington Obelisk and its Voices,"
or "The Inner Facings of the Washington Monument, with their Les-
sons." By Henry B. Carrington, U. S. A., author of '* Battles of the
American Revolution," etc. Boston : Lee &, Shepard, 1887.
8vo, pp. 48. niustrated.

Carrington, Henry Beebee. Patriotic Reader, or Human Liberty De-
veloped. In verse and prose from various ages, lands, and races. With

204 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

historical notes. By Henry B. Carrington, U. S. A., LL.D., author of

''Battles of the American Revolution," etc. In sixteen parts. ''The

Patriot's Cry/' Psalm cicxxvii. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott &. Co.,

1889.

8ro, pp. 611.

Carrington, Henry Brkbbr. Revolutionary Annals: "The Battle of
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Caulfield, James Hulmk. Kansas. A History. Philadelphia: Pah-
lisher, Cowperthwaite & Co., 1884.
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sketch.

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by Justin Winsor, Librarian of Harvard University. In two volames.
Boston : James R. Osgood &, Co., 1880.
Vol. L Chapter xv, 4to, pp. 445-452.

Vol. II. Chapter xiv, 4to, pp. 37.'>-380. In the Provincial Period.
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Iliustrated.

Chamberlain Mbllen. Joho Adams, the Statesman of the American
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• 8vo, pp. 85.

Chamberlain, Mellen. The Authentication of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, July 4, 1776. [Reprinted from the Proceedings of the
Ma.'isachusetts Historical Society, November, 18*^4.] Cambridge: John
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8vo, pp. 29.

Chamberlain, Mellen. Samuel Maverick's Palisaide House of 1630. [Re-
printed from the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
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1885.

8vo, pp. 10.

Chamberlain, Mellen. Address at the Dedication of Wilson Hall (Dart-
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An Historical Sketch of American Literature.

Chamberlain, Mellen. The History of the People of the United States.
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Chambsrlain, M£LLEN. Remarks of Hon. Mellen Chamberlain, at the
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CaAMBERLAiN, Mkllen, co-editor. Letter-Book of Samuel Sewall. "2 vols.

8vo, being volumes 1 and 2, of the Collections of the Massachusetts

Historical Society, 6th series. Boston : Published by the Society, 1886.

Some of the Principal Notes in YoL 1, 20. On the Earliest Letter of Samuel

Sewall, 2 pp. ' p. 52. On the Declaration for Liberty of Conscience by James II,

April 4, 1687, B pp. p. 68. On the effect of the Repeal of the Massachasetta Charter

in 1684, on the title to lands, 6 pp. p. 99. On Governor Bellingham's Will, 5 pp. p.

143. On the Orerthrow of the Andros Government in Massachasetts in 1680, 5 pp.

Chamberlain, Mellkn. Address at the Dedication of the Brooks Library
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870, pp. 35.

This address undertakes to treat the literature of New England hlHtorically.

Chamberlain, Mell^sn. The Constitutional Relations of the Atnerican
Colonies to the English Government at the Commencement of the
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. 8to, pp. 23.

Chambkrlain, Mklle>'. The Revolution Impending. Chapter I, Vol.
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Chamberlain, Mellen. Josiah Quiucy. The Great Mayor. An address
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Clark, Alonzo Howaiu>. Tenth Census Bulletin, No. 291. Statistics of
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4to pp. 7.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. Tenth Census Bulletin, No. 295. Statistics of
the Fisheries of Massachusetts. Washington : Government Printing
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Clark, Alonzo Howard. The use of Steamers in the Mackerel Fishery,

Bulletin U, S. Fish Commission, n, 1882, p. 15C.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. Great ' International Fisheries Exhibition.
Loudon, 1883. United States of America. K. Catalogue of Fishery
Products, and of the Apparatus Used in their Preparation. By A.
Howard Clark, Assistant in the Department of Art and Industry,
United States National Museum. Washington : Government Printing
Office, 1884.

8to, pp. 124.

Printed also as part of Bulletin V. S. National Museum, No. 27, pp. 1031-1154.

206 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. Statistical Description of the American Whale
Fishery. London, 1883.

The Fishery Industriet of the United State: By Or. Brown Goode. 8to, pp. 87-8a

Clark, Alonzo Howard. Statistics of the Menhaden Indnstry in 18801
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The Fithery Induetriee of the UniUd States. By G. Brown Goode. 8vo, p. 40.

Clark, Aix)nzo Howard. Statistics of the Whale Fishery.

United States Catalogue o/ London Fieheriee Exhibition, 1883, 8eo. £, pp. 28-29.

Clark, Alonzo Howard , Methods of Packing Mackerel. Statistics of In-
spection of Mackerel from 1804 to 1880. The Mackerel Inspection
Laws of the United States and of the Dominion of Canada. [Three
Chapters of Materials for a History of the Mackerel Fishery. By G.
Brown Goode, K. E. Earll, J. W. Collins, and A. Howard Clark.]
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8vo, p. 140.

Printed also, in Annual Report U. S. Fish Commission, 1881. [1884], pp. 227-307,
444-184.

Clark, Alonzo Howard (associate author). United States Commission
of Fish and Fisheries, Spencer F. Baird, Commissioner. The Fisheries
and Fishery Industries of the United States. Prepared through the co-
operation of the Commissioner of Fisheries and the Superintendent of
the Tenth Census. By George Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary of
the Smithsonian Institution, and a staff of associates. Washington:
Government Printing Office, 1883-^87.
4to. 6 Tola, text and 2 vols, platea.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. The Fisheries of Massachusetts.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United StcUes, Sec. n, 1887, Part m,
4to, pp. 113-280.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. The Fisheries of Rhode Island.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Sec. u, 188t, Part TV,
4to, pp. 281-310.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. The Coast of Connecticut and its Fisheries.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Sec. n. 1887, Part v,
4to, pp. 311-340.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. Historical References to the Fisheries of New

England.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Sec. il, 1887, Appen-
dix, 4to, pp. 675-737.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. History and Present Condition of the Whale

Fishery.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Sec. v, Vol. n, 1887,
4 to, pp. 1-218, 5 plates.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. The Blackfish and Porpoise Fisheries.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Sec. v, Vol. ll, 1887,
4to, pp. 295-310, 3 platea.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. The Pacific Walrus Fishery.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of (he United States, Sec. v, Vol. n, 1887,
4to, pp. 311-318, 3 plates.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. The Antarctic Fur-Seal and Sea-Elephant In-
dustry.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Sec. v. Vol. n, 1887,
4to, pp. 400-467, 3 platea.

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Ci^RK, AxoNZO Howard. The North Atlantic Seal Fishery.

TAe FUiheriet and FUhery Induttriet of the ZTnited Statet, Sec. v, ToL ii, 1887,
4to, pp. 474-483.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. Notes on the Fisheries of Gloacester, Mass.

Bulletin U. 8, FUh Oommiition, iv, 1884, pp. 401-410.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. Notes on the New England Fishery for Sword-
Fish (hiring the Season of 1884.

A nnual Report V. S. Fith CommUeion, 1881 [1886], 8vo, pp. 233-239.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. To Prevent Dried Fish from Reddening.
BitUetin U. 8. Fith Gommietum, Vol. v, 1885, p. 79.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. History of the loed-Fish and Frozen-Fish
Trade of the United States.

Traneaetunu American Fieheriee Society, 1886, p. 68.
Foreet and Stream, xxvn, No. 3, Anguat 12, 1886, p. 50.
Btdletin V. 8. Fieh OommitiCon, vi, 1886, pp. 467-469.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. Review of the Fur-Seal Fisheries of the World
in 1887. '

Senate Executive DoeumenU No. 106, 50tb Cong., 2d sessioD, February 12, 1889, pp.
90-94.

Clark, Alonzo Howard. The American Whale Fishery, 1877-*86. *
Science, ix, No. 217, April 1, 1887, pp. 321-324.

Clark,' Alonzo Howard. Fish Preservation by Acids.
Foreet and Stream, xxviii, No. 22, J one 23, 1887, p. 479.

CooLEY, Thomas McIntyrb. Michigan. A History of Governments.
Commonwealth Series. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1885.
8vo, pp. 376. Maps.

CooLKY, Thomas McIntyre. The Acquisition of Louisiana. No. 3 of
Indiana Historical Society Pamphlets. Indianapolis: The Boweii-
Merrill Co., Publishers, 1887.
8vo, pp. 25.

COUR, Katb Morris. A Sketch of the Life of Sylvester Morris. By his
granddaughter, Kate Morris Cone. Boston, Mass., 1887.
8to, pp. 44.
Privately pr nted. Edition, 200 copies.

COURTKNAY, WiLLiAM A. City Year Book of Charleston, S. C. 1880.

In all, eight volumes have been issued (1880-'87), In each of which are local his-
tory, rare maps, etc.

CouRTENAY, WiLLiAM A. Centennial Address on the occasion of the lOOth
Anniversary of Charleston, S. C. 188:^.
8vo.

Cruikshank, Ernest Alexander. The Jewish Race and the Jewish
Religion. Translated from the French of Ernest Rcnan.

The Modem Age Magazine, May, 1883. New York, 1883. 8vo, pp. 282-290.

Cruikshank, Ernest Alexander. A Historical and Descriptive Sketch
of the County of Welland, in the Province of Ontario. Published by
authority of the county council. Welland : Sawle &, Suartt, 1886.

8vo, pp. 76.

Edition, 900 copies.

Cruikshank, Ernest Alexander. The History of the County of Wel-
land, Ontario, its Past and Present. [Chapter II. The War of 1812,

208 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

pp. 93-111 ; Fort Erie, pp. 245-275. ] Welland : Welland Tribune Print-
ing House, 1887.

8vo, pp. 591.
Edition, 500 copies.

Cruikshank, Ernest Alkxandbr. Tho Battle of Lundy^s Lane, 1814*
An Address delivered before the Lundy's Lane Historical Society, Oc-
tpber 16, 1888. Welland : W. T. Sawle, 1888.
8vo, pp. 40. Plan.
Edition, 500 copies.

Cruikshank, Ernest Alexander. The Fight in the Beechwoods. A
Study in Canadian History. Welland : W. T. Sawle, 1889.

8vo, pp. 25.
Edition, 500 copies.

Cruikshank, Ernest Alexander. The Settlement and Early History of
the Niagara Peninsula, formerly kuown as the County of Lincoln, iu
the Province of Ontario. A lecture. Welland, 1889.

8vo 'ip. 40. Plan.
Euittun, 500 copies.

Cruikshank, Ernest Alexander. The Cruises of a Nova Scotia Priva-

teer.

Canadiana, Vol. I, No. 6, June, 1889. Montreal, 1889. 8vo. pp. 81-B8.

Cruikshank, Eknest Alexander. Colonial Privateers in the War of 1812.

Canadiana, Vol. i, Xo. 9, September, 1 SS9. Montreal, 1889. 8vo, pp 129-137.

CuLLUM, George W. Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United
States Military Academy, at West Point, N. Y., from March 16, 1802
(date of its establishment), to January 1, 1850. Printed by J, F, Trow,

New York.
12mo, pp. 303.

About 2,000 copies printed for the ase of officers and graduates of the United
States Military Academy.

CuLLUM, George W. Translated from the French, with annotations of
Dupar6q. "Elements of Military Art and History, comprlfllng the
History and Tactics of the Separate Arms; the Combination of the
Arms; and the Minor Operations of War." New York: D. Van Nos-

traud, 1863.

8vo, pp. 456. Illustrated by aixty cuts.
Edition, 2,000 copies.

CULLUM, George W. Systems of Military Bridges in use by the United
States Army, those adopted by the Great European Powers, and such
as employed in British India, with directions for the preservation,
destruction, aud re-establishment of bridges. Published by D. Van
Nostrand, 18G3.

8vo, pp. 226. Illn.strate<l b} cuts said seven large plates.

Edition, about 1,000 copies.

CuLLUM, George W. Biographical Register of the Officers and Gradu-
ates of the U. S. Military Academy, at West Point, N. Y., from its
establishment, March IG, 1802, to the Array reorganization of 186(>-'67.
Large 8vo, Vol. i, pp. 665; Vol. n, pp. 665.

Second edition, containing the Register of Graduates, in a supplemental volame,
to January 1, 1879.
lAr(;e8vo, supplement, pp. 544.
Editions of the above, 3,000 copies.
Third edition, to January 1, 1890, in preparation.

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CUIXUM, Gborob W. Campaigns of the War of 1812-15 against Great
Britain sketched and criticised; with brief biographies of the Ameri-
can Engineers.

8ro, pp. 412. 16 maps and plana of battles. Edition, 500 copies.

CuLLUM, Georgk W. The Land of Egypt.

8to, pp. 1-28, Vol. xui, 1881, Journal of the American QeographicaA Society,

CULLUM, George W. The Acropolis of Athens.

8vo, pp. 1-12, Vol. XIV, 1882, Journal of the American Qeographieal Society

CuLLUM, George W. The Valley of the Loire and its Historic Chateaux.
8vo, pp. 21&-256, Vol. XV, 1883, Journal of the American Geographical Society.

CuixuM, Gkorgk W. Spain : The Orient and the Occident.
8to, pp. 82. Privately printed. Edition, 250 copies.

CvLLVM, George W. Historical Sketch of the Fortification Defenses of

Narragansett Bay since the Fonudingin 163S of the Colony of Rhode

Island.

8vo, pp. 32. 7 plates. Fablisbed, 1884, by the U, S. Engineer Department. Edi-
tion, 600 copies. Repablished in Magazine of American Ristoty.

CULLOM, George W. The Straggle for the Hudson, forming Chap. IV,
Vol. VI, pp. 273-323, of Justin Winsor's ** Narrative and Critical His-
tory of America."

Culli;m, George W. Biographical Sketch of Major-General Richard
Montgomery, of the Continental Army, who fell in the assault on Que-
bec, December 31, 1775.

8vo, pp. 16. Privately printed. Edition, 250 copies.

Republished in Magazine of American History, pp. 273-290, VoL xi.

CuLLUM, George W. Biographical Sketch of Dr. Isaac I. Hayes, the
Arctic Explorer.

8vo, pp. 110-124, Vol. xm, 1881, Journal of the American Geographical Society.

CuLLUM, George W. Biographical Sketch of Brigadier General Sylvanus
Thayer, Superintendent of the U. S. Military Academy, July 2S, 1817,
to July 1, 1833. An address upon the uuTeiling of his statue at West
Point, 1833.

I have also written a large number of biographical sketches iu newspapers and
periodicals, chiefly for the necrology of graduates of the XJ. S. Military Academy.

Cox, W. V. A Glance at Billingsgate ; Origin, History, and Statistics of
the Billingsgate Fish Market, London.
Transporting Fish in the British Isles.

Tranieictiont American Fieheriea Society^ May, 1885, April, 1886.

Cox, W. V. The American Ancestry of the late Samuel Sullivan Cox.
Record, Fifty-first Congress, first session, pp. 3711-12.

Cox, W. V. Report on Minneapolis Exposition, 1887.
SmUheonia/n Report, 1888, pp. 82-84.

Cox, W. V. History of U. S. Government Exhibit at Marietta.

OAto Centennial Report, 1888, pp. 227-290 ; also in Smiiheonian Report for 1889,
pp. 180-187.

XOTK. — Also editorial and other literary work in WtMtem OoUegian, Delaware,
Ohio, 1873-'74, Cincinnati Enquirer, 187&-'79, and Daily Democrat, Zanesville, Ohio,
1879.'

S. Mis. 170 U

210 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Dabney, Richard Heath. The Caases of the French Revolution. New
York: Henry Holt & Co., 1888.

16mo, pp. 297. Edition, 600 copies. Electrotyped. Second edition, 1889.
Based ou a course of lectures delivered in 1886 at Wflahington and Lee University.

Daish, John Broughton. Educatioual Aspects of a Reformatory.

The Academy, a Journal of Secondary EducaHon (Syracaae), Vol. IT, No. 3,
April, 1889. A Uescripiion of the Xew York Stat« Beformatory at Blmira.

Daish, John Broughton. The University and the Bible.

Tke Century JUiuttrated Magazine, Vol xxxrn, Ko. 6, April, 1889, pp. 957, 958.

Daish, Jofin Broughton. The Old Testament at the Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity.

The Old Testament Studetit, Vol. vii, No. 9, May, 1888, pp. 288, 289.
A description of a class in Old Testament History, condactod by Dr. H. B.
Adams, includiilg a list of the topics discussed.

Daish, John Broughton. The Study of Geography.

Education (Boston), Vol. vm, No. 5, January, 1888, 8vo, pp. 315-320.
A translation of a sehulrede of Herder, delivered in 1784. Iloprinted in " How to
Study Geography," by Francis W. Parker, pp. 381. (D. Applcton & Co., N. Y.)

Darling, Charles W. Memorial to my Honored Kindred. Utica, N. Y.,

1888.

8vo, pp. 109 (2), portraits, etc.

Darling, Charles W. Anthropophagy. Privately Printed. Utica, N.
Y., 1886.

8vo, pp. 47.
Edition, 1,000 copies.

Darling, Charles W. New Amsterdam, Now Orange, N, Y., with Chro
nological Data. Privately Printed, 1889.
8vo, pp. 43.
Edition, 1,000 copies.

Darling, Charles W. Versions of the Bible.

Magazine of WetUm Hittory, 1889 and 1890.

Davis, Andrew McFarland. The Journey of Moncacht-Ap6.

Proceedingi of the American Antiquarian Society, April 25, 1883. 8va
8vo, 30 pp. 200 copies privately printed.

This is an examination sh to the probable irnth of an allej^ed visit to the Paoiflo
coast by a Yazoo Indian about the year 1700.

Davis, Andrkw McFarland. Was it a Forgery !

Overland Monthly, Vol. vi. 2d scries, August, 1885. Ko. 31.

An abstract of a paper read before the American Antiqnarian Society, In which
is discussed the probability of a visit to the Pacific Coast, alleged by Le Page Ba
Prats to have been made by a Yasoo Indian about tho year 1700.

Davis, Andrew McFarland. The Voyage of the Ursulines.

Overland Monthly. 8vo, Vol. vii, 2d series, January, 1886, No. 37, pp. 18-24.
An account of the Voyage of the Nans who crossed the Ocean in 1727 to found
the Ursuliue Convent at New Orleans.

Davis, Andrew McFarland. Indian Games. Au Historical Researcli.

BuUetin of the Essex Institute, Vul. xvii, p. 80, 1886. 8vo.
8vo, 58 pp. 200 copies privately printed. Salem, 1886.

A compilation from historical sources of information bearing upon gamea prac-
ticed by the North American Indians.

Davis, Andrew McFarland. 1779. Sullivan's Expedition against the
Indians of New York. A letter from Andrew McFarland Davis to

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FOED. 211

Jastin Winsor, Corresponding Secretary Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety. With the Journal of William McKendry. Cambridge, 1886.
8vo, 45 pp.

One hand rod copies privately printed from the Proeeedinga of the Mtutaehutettt
Higtorical Society. Giving a list of journals of the Sallivan Expedition which are
known to be in existence.

Davis, Andrew McFarland. Canada and Louisiana. Chap, i, Vol. v, of
the '' Narrative and Critical History of America. Edited by Justin
Winsor." Boston and New York : Houghton Mifflin & Co., The River-
side Press, 1887.
8vo, pp. 1-78.

A recapitulation of the events in Canada from the death of Frontocnc to the
peace of 1763, inclndiof; an account of the settlement of Louisiana and of the
French occapatlon of the Mississippi Yalloy, and closing with a CotDparison of the
Methods of Colonization adopted by the French and English. To this is appended
a Critical essay on the Sources of Louisiana History.

Davis, Andrew McFarlaxd. A few additional notes concerning Indian
Games.

BuUetin of the Etsex InstituU, Vol. xviii, 1887. Svo, p. 168.
8vo, 23 pp. 200 copies privately printed. Salem, 1887.

This is supplomcntary to the paper entitled "Indian Games, an Historical Bo-
search," which was printed in the Bulletin of the Enez Inttitule in 1885.

Davis, Aijdrew McFauland. The Colony of Nox.

Proceedingi of the American Antiquarian Society, April 27, 1887. 8vo.
8vo, 7 pp. 50 copies privately printe<l.

An account of how the above title came to be applied to the Colony of Now
Haven, in the records of Harvard College.

Davis, Andrew McParland. Letter to Justin Winsor.

Proeeedingt of the Mauaehtttetts Historical Society, 1887. 8vo, pp. 340-341.
Calling attention to certain papers containing information about the attack on
Wyoming in 1778.

Davis, Andrew McFarland. An Historical Study of Law's System.
Quarterly Journal of Economics. Part I, April, 1887 ; Part II, July, 1887. 8vo,
pp. 289-318; 420-452.
• 8vo, pp. 65. 100 copies privately printed. Boston, 1887.

Davis, Andrew McFarland. Tlic Employment of Indian Auxiliaries in
the American War.

8vo, pp. 709-728.

The English IHstorvaal Jieview, October, 1887.

Da\is, Andrew McFarland. Tho First Scholarship at Harvard College.
Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, October 21, 1887. Svo.
8vo, pp. 13. 50 copies privately printed.

An attempt to trace the history of a scholarship established ut Harvard College,
in 1643, by Lady Ann Mowlson of London.

Davis, Andrew McFarland. Tho Indians and the Border Warfare of
the Revolution. Chapter viii. Vol. vl Of the ** Narrative and Critical
History of America. Edited hy Justin Winsor." Boston and New
York: Hoaghtoii, Mifflin & Co., The Riverside Press, 1888.

8vo, pp. e05-684.

To the narrative chapter is appended a critical essay on the sources of informa
tion. Not«s are added on the following subjects:
Opinions of Prominent Americans on the Employment of Indians in War.
Events at the North not connected with the Six Nations.
Events at the South.
Connecticut Settlers in Pennsylvania.
Bounties for Scalps.

212 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Davis, Andrew McFarland. A few Notes coQceniing the Records of
Harvard College. Library of Harvard University. Bibliographical
contribationa. Edited by Justin Winaor, librarian, No. 27. Cam-
bridge, Mass. : Issued by the Library of Harvard University, 1888.
8vo, pp. 14.

The Bnbjects of tbc«e notea are:
The contents of a missing book of Records.

Books given by John Harvard, Peter Bnlkloy, Sir KenelmeDigby, and Qovemor
Bollingham.

DAVia, Andrew McFarland. The Cambridge Press.

Procecdinga of th^ American Antiquarian Society, April 25, 1888. 8vo.

8vo, pp. 10. 50 copies privately printed.

This paper relates to the publications at Cambridge, by Daye Sc Green, up to
1654, and is based upon a memorandum found among the Dnnster MSS. in tbo
archives of Harvard College.

Davis, Andrew McFarland. The Site of the First College Building at
Cambridge.

Proceedings of the American AnHquarian Society, October 22, 1888. 8vo.
8vo, pp. 20. 5U copies privately printed.

Ill this paper nn attempt is mside to identify the spot where the first college
building stood at C;!auibrldge.

Davis, Horace. On tlie Likelihood of an Admixture of Japanese Blood on
our Northwest Coast. A record of Japanese vessels driven upon the
Northwest Coast of America and its out-lying islands. Read before
the American Antiquarian Society, at their April meeting.

8vo, pp. 22.

Proceedingt of the American Antiquarian Society, April, 1872.

Davis, Horace. Dolor Davis. A Sketch of his Life, with a record of his *
earlier descendants. Printed for private distribution, 1881.

8vo, pp. 46.

Edition, 200 c^tpies.

Dolor Davis was an early settler of Massachusetts.

Davis, Horace. American Constitutions. The relations ofttho three
departments as adjusted by a century.

8vo, pp. 70.

Nos. IX and X of third series of Johnt flopkins Studies in Hittoricai and Politi-
cal Science. Baltimore, 1883.

Davis, J. C. Bancroft. Senate Executive Document No. 27, second ses-
sion, TUirty-second Congress. [1850.]

This docnment contains Dispatch No. 44 from Mr. Abbott Laurence, American
Minister at London, to Mr. Clayton, Secretary of State, dated April 19, 1850. Thin
paper was the joint work of tlie late Henry Stevens, of London, and J. C.'^Bnn*
croft Davis. It contains a full histerical account of the relations, polidcnl and
otherwise, between Great Britain and the Mosquito Indians. At hia death Mr.
Stevens left for publication a copy of the L;^ws of the Indies, dedicated to Mr.
Davis " as a memorial of our joint investigations into the rights and liberties of the
aborigines of America."

Davis, J. C. Bancroft. History of Slavery in the United States.

London Times, December, 1860.

This history was reprinted in book form, 12mo, in 1831, and published by Samp-
son, Low & Co., in London.

Davis, J. C. Bancroft. Tlie case of the United States to be laid before
the Tribunal of Arbitration to be convened at Geneva, under the pro-

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 213

viaions of the treaty between the United States of America and Her
Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, concluded at Washington, May 8,
1871. Washington : Government Printing Office, 1871.
8to, pp. 501.

Davis, J. C. Bancroft. Notes upon the Foreign Treaties of the United
States, with some references to negotiations preceding them ; to the
executive, legislative, or judicial construction of them ; and to the
causes of the abrogation of some of them. [ 1^73. ]

These notes, together with an analytical index of the treaties, were prepared in
the summer of 1873, and were, in the aatumn of that year, printed and bound in
with the remaining copies (aboat 800 in all) of an edition of the treaties transmitted
to the Senate February 1, 1871, and printed us Senate Executive Document No. 36,
third session, Forty-first Congress. A new title page was inserted, with the words
*' Revised Edition " printed on it, and alno a prefiM^e explaining the facts. In 1889
these notes were reprinted in au edition of the treaties, edited by Mr. John H.
Haswell.

Davis, J. C. Bancroft. Treaties of Ihe United States.

An article in Volume III of Cyclopedia of Political Sdeivce, Political Economy, and
of the Political History of the UniUd States, Chicago, 1884.
8vo, pp. 944-949.

Davis, J. C. Bancroft. Appendix to the Reports of the Decisions of the
Supreme Court of the Uuited States from September 24, 17H9, to the
end of the October term, 1888.

Pp. 280.

This appefidix foiius part of Volume 131 of the United States Reports, and con-
tains the following historical papers :

(ai Federal courts before the adoption of the Constitution. I. Federal courts of
appeal in prize cases. II. Courts fur determining disputes and differences be-
tween two or more States concerning boundary, jurisdiction, or an}' causp what-
ever.

(b) List of cases in which sUtutcs or ordinanc's have been hold to be repugnant
to the Constitution or laws of the United States., in whole or in part, by the Su-
preme Court of the United States, from the organization of the court to ihe end of
October term, 1888.

Davis, Robert Meaxs. A sketch of Education in South Carolina. By
R. Means Davis, Professor of History and Political Science in South
Carolrna College. Chapter IV of "South Carolina; Resources and
PopuLation, Institutions and Industries. Published by the State
Board of Agriculture of South Carolina, Charleston, S. C." Walker,
Evans & Cogswell, 1883.
' 8vo, pp. viii, 726.
Edition, 5,000 copies.

Contents of sketoh : (1) Historical sketch ; (2) Public school system ; (3) Schoohi
in Charleston ; (4) Schools in Columbia ; <5) Charitable and educational associa-
tions; (6) Private schools; (7) Higher educ^ition for males; (8) Military instruction
and training for males: (9) Higher education for females; (10) Professional and
special instruction ; (11) Education of colored race; (12) Porioilical literature; (13)
HIiteraey; (14) Appendix.

Davis, W. W. H. El Gringo ; or New Mexico and her People. New York :
Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1867.
12mo, pp. 432. 13 plates.
Edition, 1,000 copies.

214 . AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

DAVI8, W. W. JT. History of the Rebellion iu Milford Townabip, Bnckfi

County, Pa., 1798.

The Doylestown (Pa.) Democrat Weekly, begiDning Jaauary 3, 1860, and endiug
March 13, 1860, eqairaleot to 338, 8vo pagea.

The "Milford BebelUon," as H is known in history, was an insurrectionary move-
ment against the home-tax and other direct taxes, and broke out the fall of 1798 in
Milford Township, Bucks County, Pa. The head and front of it were John Pries,
Frederick B eany, and John Q etinan, all residents of Milford Townsliip. They raised
a force of 150 man, including t^t'o companies in military array, marched into tho
neigh boi*ing county of Northampton, and released a number of insurgents the au-
thorities had arrested. In the spring of 1799, the President scint an armed force to
put down the insurgents, and captured the three leaders. They were tried and con-
victed, and Fries sentenced to be hanged. Heaoy and Getmau received lighter
sentences; all were pardoned. Fries was a patriot in the Kevolation, and was
twice in the military service.

Davis, W. W. H. History of the Battle of the Crooked Billet, Philadel-
phia (now Montgomery) County, Pa. Fought May 1, 1778, between a
detachment of British troops and Pennsylvania uiilitia, under Gen.
John Laoey. 1860.
8vo, pp. 19.
Edition, 150 copies.

The proceeds of sale were applied to a fund to erect a monument on the battle*
fleld.

Davis, W. W. H. History of the 104th Pennsylvania Regiment from Au-
gust 22, 18G1, to September 30, 18G4. Published by the author, and
printed by James B. Rogers, Philadelphia, Pa. 1866.
8vo, pp. 864. 6 plates.
Edition, 1, 500 copies.

The author raised and organized the regiment, and it was part of his command
the whole time it was in service.

Davis, W. W. H. History of the Hart Family of Warminster, Bucks
County, Pa., to which is added the Genealogy of the Family from its
First Settlement in America. Privately printed. Doylestown, Pa. :
W. W. H. Davis, Publisher, 1867.

8vo, pp. 161. Plate.

Edition, 150 copies.

Davis, W. W. H. Sketch of the Life and Character of John Lacey, a
Brigadier-General in the Revolutionary Army. Privately print-ed.
Doylestown, Pa. : W. W. H. Davis, Publisher, 1868.

«vo, pp. 124.

Edition, 100 copies.

It was originally published In Oraham'e Magazine, Philadelphia, Pa.

Davis, W. W. H. The Spanish Conquest of Now Mexico. Doylestown,
Pa. : W. W. H. Davis, Publisher, 1869.

8vo, pp. 438. One plate, with map of route of early Spanish explorers.
Edition, 250 copies.

Ivcviewcd in tho Xeie Tork Tribune .and otlier newspapers.

This work was written in the old Spanish palace at Santa Fe, K. Moic, where tho
author hud access to Spanish MSS. never before translated. The MS. was read by
Mr. Bancroft, the historian, who indorse4l and advised its publication.

Davis, W. W. H. The History of Bucks County, Pa., from the Discovery
of the Delaware to the present time. Doylestown, Pa. : W. W» H.
Davis, Publisher, 1876.

8vo, pp. OSO. 39 platc«.

Edition, 1.200 copies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD 215

DATI6, W. W. H. Historical Address, delivered at the Celebration of the

CeDteDDial of Doylestown, Pa., March 1, 1888.
DoffUttovm (Pa.) Demoerctt, March 5, 1878.

Davis, W. W. H. Washington on the West Bank of the Delaware, 1776.
Read before the Historical Society of Pennsylyania, January 12, 1880.
Penntylvania Maga2in$ of History and Biography, Vol. iv. No. 2, 1880, pp. 13^-163.

Davis, W. W. H. William Penn's Home Life at the Manor House. Read be-
fore the Buck's County Historical Society, at Pennsbury, July 18, 1882.
Doylettoum <Pa.) Democrat, August 8, 1882,

Davis, W. W. H. Historical Address delivered at the Bucks County, Pa.,
Bi'Centennial Celebration, held at Doyleatowu, Pa., September 1, 1882.
Svo. pp. 32.
OriginaUy published In the Doylettoum (Pa.) Democrat.

Davis, W. W. H. History of the Southampton Baptist Church, Bucks
County, Pa. Read before the Bucks County Historical Society, July
22, 1884. ,

12mo, pp. H.

Edition, 75 copies.

Orif^naUy published in the Doylettown (Pa.) Democrat,

Davis, W. W. H. The Life of John Davis. Privately printed, 1886.
8vo. pp. 212. 6 plates.
Edition, 150 copies.

Davis, W. W. H. History of the Doylestown Guards. The first company
to enter the military service of the United States from Bucks County,
Pa., at the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion. 1887.
8vo. pp. 238. Plate.
Edition, ISO copies.

Reviewed in the Bwks County (Pa.) Jntelligeneer, October 29, 1887 ; Buekt County
Mirror, Kovembcr 12, 1887, and The Preu, Philadelphia, December 12, 1887.

Davis, W. W. H. The Spaniard in New Mexico. Read before the Ameri
can Historical Association at Boston.

Papers of the American Historical Association, 1887.

Dawson, N. H. R. The American Revolution. Address at Cahaba, Ala-
bama, July 4, 1857. Cahaba, Ala., 1857.

Dawson, N. H. R. Address before State Bar Association of Alabama,
December, 188^.

Proceedings of Bar Association^ 1884. Montgomery, Ala., 1884.

Dawson, N. H. R.. (U. S. Commissioner of Education, 1886-'89.) Annual
Report of Commissioner, 1885-^86, pp. 813. Annual Report of Com-
missioner, 1886-'87, pp . 1170. Annual Report of Commissioner, 1887-88,
pp. 10.50. Annual Report of Commissioner (in press), 1888-^89, pp. 1100.
Washington, Goveramenfc Printing Office.
Edition, 20.000 copiea each.

Dawson, N. H. R. Address bcforeDepartmentof Superintendence, March
1887. Proceedings of Superintendence, 1887. Address upon Alaska,
before Department of Superintendence, July, 1888. Proceedings of
SnpcriutcudenoG, 1888. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1888.
Publishers : Bureau of Education.
Kdition, 20,000 copies.

Dawson, N. II. R. Address at Meeting of National Educational Assocla-
-lion, San Francisco, Cal., July, 1888.

Proceedings of A ssociatiofi. La w rence, Kana. , 1 888.

216 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

DODOB, Theodore Ayrault. The Campaign of ChaucellorsTiIle. Bos-
ton : James R. Osgood, 1881.

8vo, pp. 278.

Two editioDH. 2,000 copies. Electrotyped.

Four large topographical maps, colored, abowing the nataral and artifloial feat-
urea of the theater of operations, and the positions of the various Federal and Con-
federate corps at different periods of the conflict.

Kevlewed by leading newspapers and periodicals.

Dodge, Theodore Ayrault. A BircVs Eye View of Our Civil War. Jaa.
R. Osgood & Co., 1883.

8vo, pp. 838. 4 maps and 38 battle-plans. Electrotyped.

Reviewed by leading papers and periodicals in the United States and England.

Dodge, Theodore Ayrault. Great Captains. A course of sis lectures,
showing the intiaence on the art of war of the campaigns of Alexan-
der, Hannibal, Caesar, Gustavus Adolphns,. Frederick, and Napoleon.
Boston: Ticknor & Co., 1889.

8vo, pp.2l9. 21 battle-charts.

Edition, 1000 copies. Electrotyped.

DE Peystbr, John Watts. A Tale of Leipsic.

Peabody's Parlor Magazine. New Yorlt, 1832.

DE Pbystkr, John Watts. Report to his Excellency Washington Hunt,
Govenibr of the State of New York, etc., etc., on the Subject of the
Organizations of the National Guards, and Municipal Military Systems
of Europe, and the Artillery aud Arras best adapted to the State Service.
In pursuance of General Orders No. Ill, and Instructions of July 29,
1851. Albany : Charles Van Benthnysen, 1852.
8vo, pp. 2i7.

There are additional and supplementary reports relatino; to the State serrioes, a
paid fire department with steam fire-engines, fire>escapes, of which one as a pat-
tern was presented to th(| city of New York, submitted and published or privately
printed. It is curious that the uniform, gray, and desif^nations of rank, sug-
gested in the repott were adopted by the Southern Army. When first presented
the suggestions were very favorably received by the U. & War Department. Ke.
printed by order of the New York State legislature, senate documents No. 74, March
26, 1853.

DE Peyster, John Watts. The £clairenr, a Military Journal, Devoted
to the Interests of the Military Forces of the State of New York and the
•Official Military Circular of the 9th Brigade, N. Y. S. M. F. Pough-
keepsie, N. Y. : Piatt & Schram, 1853-^55.

After a short period, I not only edited but printed it entirely at my own ex-
pense for several years (1853, 1854. 1855, 1850), distributing tbe copies gi-atuitously
through my militia district and to whoever exhibit^l any iutorest iu such mat-
ters. The files of this paper (which Dtaa open tu all contributors) cont.iin, in ad-
dition to the general and special orders, many military sketches from my pen.
My systemized account of the militia systems of Europe, the result of personal ex-
amination during a tour (under the authority of the State, indorsed by the Unit-ed
States) ; my report on a paid fire department with steam-engines and military
organization, from data collected on the same tour, together with suggestions on
the subject; my translation of the famous Bersaglieri liflo drill and bayonet exer-
cise ; a translation of von Hardegg's ti*eatise of the science of the general statf, in
Itself a considerable volume; a translation of von Hardegg's cbitmological tables
of military science and history ; %'ariou8 extracts from military works of iutorest,
were all published in the J^claireur. Among other things, one or more articles
dwell upon the advantages of the Napoleon gun, or light 12-pouuder, soon after its
introduction in Europe aud long before it was appreciated here in the United
States.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — P'ORD. 217

BE Peystkr, John Watts. The History of the Life of Leonard Torsten-
Bon (Lennart Toretenson), ' ^ The Argus-Eyed Briarean- Armed'' Sena-
tor of Sweden, Count of Ortala, Chief of the Swedish Artillery under,
and Geueralissimo of the Swedish Armies subsequent to the death of,
Gustavns Adolphus. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. : Piatt &, Sohram, 1855.

8vo, pp. 381.

i>K Pbyster, John Watts. Gems from Dutch History. (Series.)

Military GautU, New York, 1855.

DB Peystkr, John Watts. The Dutch at the North Pole and the Dutch
in Maine. A paper read before the New York Historical Society, March
3, 1857. New York, 1857.
8vo, pp. 100.

DK Peystkr, John Watts. Address to the Officers of the New York State
Troops, January 19, 1858. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. : Piatt & Schram,
1858.

8vo, pp. 40.

DE Peystkr, John Watts. Proofs considered of the Early Settlement of
Acadie by the Dutch, being an Appendix to The Dutch in Maine.
Poughkeepsie : Piatt & Schram, 1856.

Svo, pp. 19.
Edition. 600 copies.

DE Pey^ter, John Watts. The Dutch Battle of the Baltic ; one of the
Most Glorious Achievements of the Mariners of Holland; a Triumph
Worthy the Great Maritime Republic of the United Provinces. Dedi-
cated to the St. Nicholas Society of the city of Nieuw Amsterdam and
all true Knikkorbakkers. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. : Piatt & Schram,
1858.

8vo, pp. 88.

DK Peystkr, John Watts. The History of Carausins, the Dutch Augns-
- tus and Emperor of Britain, Zeeland, Dutch Flandern, Armorica; and
The Seas; the Great First Hollaudish Admiral, and the First Sailor
King of England. With which is interwoven an Ilistorial and Eth-
nological Account of the Menapii, Ihe Ancient Zeelanders, and Dutch
Flemings. Compiled from npwards of two hundred Ancient, Medisuval,
and Modem Authorities. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. : Piatt «& Schram, 1858.

8vo, pp. 335.

de Peystkr, John Watts. The Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern Nether-
landers, Dutch, and Flemings ; being a Synopsis of their Chorograph-
ical and Ethnological Relations, as well us a Consideration of their
Influence uppn the Destinies of England and France. Poughkeepsie,

N. Y. : Piatt & Schram, ia59.
8vo, pp. 64.

DE Peyster, John Watts. The Invincible Armada. (Series.)
MOUary OazeUe, New York, 1860.

DK Peyster, John Watts. Life of Lieutenant-General (famous '* Dutch
Vauban," styled the '* Prince of Engineers") Menno, Baron Cohorn.
(Series. )

Military Gazette. New York, 1860.

DE Petster, John Watfs. Examples of Intrepidity, as illustrated by the
Exploits and Deatiis of the Diitcli Admirals. (Series.)
Military Gazette. New York, ISGO-'Cl.

218 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

DE Peyster, John Watts. State Sovereignty. Introduotory Remarks.
Ponghkeepsie : Piatt & Schram, 1861.

8vo, pp. 8. —

OE Petst^r. John Watts. Mortality among Generals. (Series.)

Military Gazette. New York, 1861.

DB Pbyster, JoiiK Watts. The Battle of King's Mountain. (Series.)
MUiiary GazetU. Xew York, 1861-'62.

DE Peystek, John Watts. Military Lessons. (Series.)

Xfw York Leader, 1861- '63.

This Msrles equaled in quantity a large 8vo volnme. The principal matter waaa
translation from "Dpcuments Necessary to Understand how to carry on War,'*
constituting a supplement to "Evolutions of the Lines," by Col. Lavelaine de
Maubenge, Paris, 1852, but the Lessons were established by an infinitude of ex-
amples trau«lated from authorities in German and Fronch or from Engllsk trea-
tises on the art and science of war.

DE Peyster, John Watts. History of the Third Corps, Army of the Po-
tomac, 1861-N55.

This title, although not technically, is virtually, correct, for in a series of elabo-
rate articles in dailies, weeklies, monthlies, monographs, addresses, etc., erery-
thing relating to this Corps, eren t-o smallest details, from 1861 to 1865, was pre-
pared with care, and put in print. These articles appeared in the Citizen, and the
Oitizen ind Round Table ; iu Foley's Volunteer, and Soldient" and Sailors* HaJf-
Dime Tale» r\f the late Rebellion ; in Mayne Keid's magazine, Onward ; In Chaplain
Bourne's Soldiers' Friend; in "La Roy ale or Grand Hunt [or the Last Campaign]
o/ the Army of the Potomac, from Petersburg to Appomattox CourtHonse, April
2-9, 1865," illustrated with ongraTod likenesses of several of the prominent generals
belonging to the Corps, and careful maps and plans; in the " Life of Mi^or •General
Philip Kearny ; " in the " Third Corps at Gettysburg; General Sickles Vindicated *•
* * * Vol. I, Nos. 3U, XII, XIII. The Yolunieet^ in a speech delivered be-
fore the Third Army Corps Unioo, 5th May, 1875, profusely illustrated with por-
traits of generals who commanded or belonged tc that organization, etc. These,
arranged and condensed, would constitute a work of five or six volumes 8vo, such
as those prepared by Prof. John W. Draper, entitled '* The Civil 'War in America,"
< but were never given as bound volumes to the public.

In recognition of labor undergone in presenting the History of the Third Co^pa,
the " Third Corps Union " voted to Geuend de Peyster a most exquisite badge set
with jecrels — a ruby representing the First, a diamond the Second, and a sap-
phire the Third Division-rto cost $500.

• DE Peystbu, John Watts. Winter Campaigns the Test of Generalship.
New York : Charles G. Stone, printer, 1862.
12mo, pp. 24. Edition, 1,000 copies.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Biographies of the Watts, de Peyster, Eeade,
and Leake families iu connection with Trinity Churchyard. 1862.

DE Peyster, John Watts. The Decisive Conflicts of the late Civil War,
or Slaveholders' Rebellion. Battles Morally, TerritoMally, and Milita-
rily Decisive. No. 1. The Maryland Campaign of September, 1862.
Tbo Battles of the South Mountain and of the Autietam, Sunday, Sep-
tember 14th, to Wednesday, September 17th, 1802. New York : Mac- •
donald & Co., 1867.
8vo. pp. 76.

No. 11. "Rosecians and the Army of the Cumberland." The nucleus of this
appeared in the Army and Navy Journal, 1864. " ChanccUorsvtlle," ft'oni papers
farnishe<l by General Hooker, appeared, in a pamphlet, 8vo, pp. — , New York, 1866,
which was suppressed at the request uf General Hooker after a few copies wero
issued.

BIBLIOGEAPHY — FORD. 219

i>s Peystrb^ Joh n Watts. Genealogical Reforeuces of Old Colonial Fami-
lies, etc.

Valentine' » Manual. "Stur York, 1883.

DE Pkyster, John Watts. Tlie I^ecisi ve Conflicts of the Great Civil War,
or Slaveholders' Rebollioo. Battles Morally, Territorially, and Milita-
rily Decisive. No. H. The Pennsylvania-Maryland Campaign of June-
July, 1863. Tlie Battles of Oak (or Seminary) Ridge and Gettysburg,
and before, at, and after Gettysburg, andatWilliamsport, June2dthto
July 14th, 1863. New York : Macdouald & Co., 1867.

8vo, pp. 163.

i>K Peystek, John Watts. Practical Strategy, as Illustrated by the Life
aud Achievements of a Master of the Art, the Austrian Field-Marshal
Trauti. Catskill, N. Y. : Joseph Jonesbury, 1863.
8vo, pp. 64.

TblM little work was received with so much approbation that General Hon. Sir
Edward Cu8t, British Army, author of the '*AnnaIsof the Wars, 1700-1815, " 9vol«.,
aud the * • Lives of tho AVaiTiors, " in the preceding century, 6 vols.,^^eftico» vol. 1 of
the series, 14)4^1704, with a letter dedicatory of 37 pages to General de Peyster, in
which ho acknowledges, among other laudatory passages, '* the tmly valuable hinta
and suggestions that you havo favored mo with in your several communicationa
render me largely your debtor, and 1 am desirous of marking my deep obligations
to yon by requesting permission to dedicate my concluding volume to 3*uu and. to
your military brotbrcu. Wo appoar to be men of much the same mind and of com*
mon B^'iiipathies, desirous alike of employing our common language for a commou
otyect— that of enli^btoiiiDg our comrades of a common profession with the neces-
sity of applying; the precepts of military history to the useful comprehension of
their cflliing, both of us a^rreeing (liat the best instruction for all officers is to be
acquired from tho deeds of the old maaters in the art of war."

DK Prystkr, John Watts. Secession in Switzerland and the United States
compared ; being tiie Annual Address, delivered 20th October, 1663,
before the Vermont State lliNtorical Society, in the Uall of Represent-
atives Capitol, Montpelier, 18G4. Catslcill: Joseph Jonesbury, Printer,
1864.

8vo, pp. 72.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Sketch of Gen. George H. Thomas. Reprinted
from ** Representative Men." Atlantic Publishing Company, N. Y.
Royal 8vo. .

Three editions. This sketch was founded in part apon couvt-rsations with Gen*
eral George U. Thomas. Originally contained certain of his views and criticisms,
which were suppressed at the request of Mrs. Tiiomas.

DK Pkyster, John WA;rTS. Organization of the Militia.

Ko3'al Sto, pp. 12, and published as a supplement to vol. ix of the Jlitdorical
Magazine.

DK PEY8TKK, JoHN Watts. Duke Christian of Brunswick aud Elizabeth
Stuart, Princess Royal of England, Electress-Palatine, Queen of
Bohemia. New York, 1866.
6vo, pp. 91.

Limited edition, 50 copies. Printed for the author, with biographical sketch of
tho author, 186?.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Address delivered at Madalin, N. Y., on the
^ occasion of the Inauguration oi a Monument to tho Defenders who lost
theit IKres in suppre&sing the Slaveholders' Rebellion. New York,
1867.

8vo, pp. 122.

220 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

DE Peyster, John Watts. A Hero of the XVII. Century (Torstenson).
The Volunteer, Weekly Magiuine, vol. 1, No. 1. New York, 1869.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Personal and Military History of Philip
Kearny, Major-General United States Volunteers, New York : Rice
«& Gage. Newark, N. J. : Bliss & Co., 1869.

8vo, pp. 612. Edition, 1,500 copies. Portraits anfl illustrations.
Besides this first edition proper there was an omission of about 100 copies contain'
ing a supplement of what the French styled Justifying Statements, printed espe-
cially for the author, issued at the same date.

Second edition profusely Illustrated. Publishers : Palmer & Co., Elizabeth, N. J.,
and James Miller, New York, 1870.

DE Peysteb, John Watts. Battles of Gettysburg, Fredericksburg, aad
Chancellorsville.

In Onward, a magazine, New York.

Gettysbnrg, vol. i, May, 1869; June, 1869. Vol. n, July, 1869. Frederioksbnrg,
vol. II, Sei)tember, 1869. GhancelloTsriile, vol. il, Octuber, 1669; November, 1869;
Dooember, 1869. Vol. ni, January, 1870; February, 1870; February supplement,
1870.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Military (1776-1779) Transactions of Major,
afterwards Colonel, Eighth or King's Foot, 6. A. Arent Schuyler de
Peyster, and Narrative of the Maritime Discoveries of bis Namesake and
Nephew Capt. Arent Schuyler de Peyster. New York, 1870.

DE Peyster, John Watts. La Royale Parts I, II, III, IV, V, and VI.
The Grand Hunt of the Army of the Potomac on the 3d-7th (a. ra.) April,
Petersburg to High Bridge; Maj. Gen. Andrew Atkinson Humphreys
and the Combined Second-Third Corps Leading the Pursuit from Jeters-
ville to High Bridge. New York, 1872.
Sm. 4to, pp. 70.

First edition, 100 copies, printed as manndcript for private circulation, willi por-
trait and maps.

DE Peyster, J^hn Watts. Eulogy of Torstenson. Translated from the
Swedish of H. R. M. Gustavus III. New York, 1872.
Large 4to, pp. 36.

This composition was a subject for competition before the Eoyal Swedish Acad^
emy. The king was an anonymous aspirant and received therefor the prize medal.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Frederic the Groat . (Series.)

New York Weekly Mail, 1873.

DE Peyster, John Watts. The Career of the Celebrated Condottieri Pra
Morcale.

New Tork Weekly MaU, 1873.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Thirty Years' War and Military Services af
Ffeld Marshal Generalissimo Leonard Torstenson.

Neiv Tork Weekly Mail, 1873.

DK Peyster, John Watts. Major and Brev. Col. J. Watte de Peyster,
Jr., U. S. v., 1874. New York : A. Threnody, 1874.
Royal 8s'o.

DE Peyster, John Watts. La Royale, Part VII. Cumberland Church, or
the Heights of Farmville. The Last Stricken Field of the Army of
Northern Virginia, 7th April, 1865. New York, 1874.
Sm. 4to, pp. 153. Portrait and maps or plans.

Two hundred copies (1st edition) printed as manuscript for private circulation,
but not revised nor corrected.
Second edition revised and corrected. 100 copies. 1874.

BIBLIOGRAPUY — FORD. 221

BE Pbyster, John Watts. Tho Anniversary Address Delivered before the
, Third Army Corps Union, 5th May, 1875. The GloriouB Old Fighting
Third Corps as We Understand it. Now York: Atlantic Publishing
and Engraving Company, 1875.
4to, pp. 36. Portraits.

BK Pkyster, John Watts. Major-General George H. Thomas. The An-
nual Address^ Delivered Before the New York HiHtorical Society Tuesday
Evening, January 5, 1875. New York : Atlantic Publishing Company,

1875.

4to, pp. 24.

BE Pbysteb, John Watts. La Royale, Part VIII. The Last Twenty-Four
Ilours of tho Army of Northern Virginia. New York : Julius R. Huth,
Printer, 1872.

Boyal 8vo, pp. 48.

100 copies printed as mAntiBcript for private circnlation.

This Part VIII was gone over by Mtyor-General Humphrey a, and with Ids few
corrections printed in a volnme entitled :

La Royale (Part VITI, Amendetl Edition). The Laat Twenty-Four Hoars of the
Army of Northern Virginia, with Memoranda Relating to Farmville, Fording and
Bridging. New York : Charles H. Ludwig.
8ro, pp. 179. Edition 500 copies.

DB Peyster, John Watts. Nashville. The Decisive Battle of the Ke-
bellioD. Address delivered before the Annual Meeting of the N. Y.
Historical Society on Tuesday Evening, 4th January, 1876.

8vo, pp. 14.

DB Pkyster, John Watts. Major General Philip Schuyler and the Bur-
goyne Campaign in the Summer of 1777. The Annual Address de-
livered Tuesday evening, 2d January, 1877, before the New York His-
torical Society. New York : Holt Brothers, 1677.
8vo, pp. 26.

DB Peyster, John Watts. Oriskany, 6th August, 1777. The Decisive
Cellision of the American Revolution. New York and Chicago : A. S.
Barnes & Co.. 1878.

4to, pp 8.

Reprint from Magaxine of American History,

One among those few battles of which a contrary event would have essentially
varied (he drsma of the world in all its subsequent scenes. Among Creasy*s XV
Decisive Battles from Marathon to Wati^rloo, Saratoga rsnks aa XIII. Saratoga,
however, was a Series of Collisions ; but the tide actually tamed at Oriskany, in
favor of tlie Colonies and Fn^edoni.

DB Peystkr, John Watts. The engagement at Freehold, known as the
Battle of Monmouth, N. J., more properly of Monmouth Court-House,
26th June, 1778. New York : A. S. Barnes & Co., 1878.
Royal 8\^o, pp. 7.
Reprinted from the Magazine of American History, July 1878.

i>B Peyster, John Watts. Monmouth papers.
Monmouth Democrat, Freehold, New Jersey, 1878.

i>B Pkyster, John Watts. Operations in Khode Island. Siege of Newport,
from '^ die Deutschen HUlfstruppen im nordamerikanischen Befreiungs-
kriege, 1776 his 1783," hy Max von Eel king, Hanover, 1863. Volume u,
pages 30-44, compiled from the journals of Captain Friedrich Y. D. Mais-
burg Jlegiment V. Ditfurth— February, 1776, to X6th November, 1780^

222 AMERICAN IJISTOKICAL ASSOCIATION.

and other German officers, eye-witnesses and participants in tlie affairs
described. Translated by J. Watts de Peyster, Brigadier (Brevet Ma-
jor) General, State of New York. Providence, B. I. : Sidney 8. Rider,

1878.

4to, pp. 29.

DE Pkyster, John Watts. The Battles of Monmouth and Capture of
Stony Point.

A series of articles in the MoninmUh Enquirer, Ifev Jersey, 1879.
DK Peystkr, John Watts. The Leipsic of Gustavns. Part i.

The Field GUuit, April, 1879.

DK Peyster, Joim Watts. The Leipsic of Gustavus. Part ii.

The Field Olass, May. 1879.

DB Peyster, John Watts. The Affair at King's Mountain, 7th October,
1780. New York and Chicago : A. S. Barnes & Co., 1880.

4to, pp. 43.

Reprinted from the M<igazine of American ffietory.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Sir John Johnson, The First Amerhsan Bom
Baronet. An address delivered before the New York Historical Society
at its annual meeting, Tuesday , January 6, 1880, by Maj. Gen. J. Watts
de Peyster, M. A., LL.D., F. R. H. S., a member of the Society. New
York : Evening Mail Press Koom, 1880.
8vo, pp. 12.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Proofs Considered in Connection with the Vin-
dication of Sir John Johnson Bart. Being an Address Delivered before
the New York Historical Society, at its Annual Meeting, 6th January,
1880. Appendix I. New York : Evening Mail Press Room, 1880.
8vo, pp. 12.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Proofs Considered in Connection with the Vin-
dication of Sir John Johnson Bart. Being a Second Appendix to an
Address Delivered before the New. York Historical Society, at its An-
nual Meeting, Tuesday, 6th January, 1880. New York: Evening Mail
Press Room, 1880.
8yo, pp. 24.

Tbia contains the only trustworthy particulars of the Battle of Oriskany and a
reprint from the proceedini;;s of the Now Jersey Historical Society, Vol. II, 1846-
1847, pages 115-122, 127, 128, being a diary.

DK Peyster, John Watts. War Memoranda of Brig. General H. Edwin
Tremain, Major aud A. D. C, Brev. Brig. Gen. U. S. V., 1865. New
York : C. G. Bnrgoyne, 1880.

Edjted with notes and chapters on FarmviUe, Fording, etc. General H. Edwin
Tremain, Pres. Third Army Corps Union, reprinted by permission, from Sketches
of Officers of the Third Army Corps Union.

8vo, pp. 8.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Local Memorials Relating to the de Peyster and
Watts and Aililiated Families Connected with Red Hook Township,
Dutchess County, State of New York. New York: Charles H. Lndwig,
1881.

8to, pp. 80.

Edition. 500 oopies.

BIBLIOGKAPHY — FORD. 223

DS Pbtster, John Watts. Tlie Battle or Affair of King's Mountain, Sat-
urday, 7 th October, 1780. Being the Address Delivered at the Annual
Meeting of the New York Historical Society , on the Evening of Tues-
day, 4th January, Iri&l. New York, 1881.

8vo, pp. 8.

DK Peystkr, John Watts. Obituary Notices of Major Generals Ueintzel-
man and Hooker, and Morlnary Notices of Major General Joseph B.
Kiddo and Brigadier General William B. Tibbitts, Members of the
Third Army Corps Union. New York: Chas. H. Ludwig, 1881, for
Third Army Corps Union.

12ino, pp. 40.

DB Peyster, John Watts. Obituary Notices of Major Generals Samuel
P. Heiutzelman and Josepli Hooker. New York : Chas. H. Ludwig,
1881.

12nio, pp. 40.

DB Peystbr, John Watts. In Meraorinm Frederic de Peyster, LL. D.,
** Vir Auct^ritatns," President of the New York Historical Society, of
the New York Society Library, of the St. Nicholas Club, and, at an
earlier date, of the St. Nichohui Society, etc. ; Honorary Fellow of the
Royal Historical Society, of Great Britain; Honorary Member of the
Mas8achnsett>s, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Florida, Buffalo,
and Chicago Historical Societies, of the Mercantile Library Asso-
ciation of New York; Corresponding Member of the New England
Historic Genealogical Society, etc. Born Hanover Square, New York
City, 11th November. 1796 ; died Rose Hill, Red Hook, Dutchess County,
New York, 17th August, 18d2. New York: Charles H. Ludwig, 1882.
8vo, pp. 52.

DX Peyster, John Watts. The Life and Misfortunes and the Military
Career of Brig. Gen.Sir John Johnson, Bart. Chas. H. Ludwig, 1882.

4to, pp. 168.

This work has been extcneivcly reviewtul.

"Tho Orderly Book of Sir Jobii Johnson's Oriskany Campaign," copiously anno-
tated by Mr. William L. Stono, an experienced writer on the period and location of
the occnrrence, bos been published for him by Munaell, of Albany. It is accom-
panied by an historical introduction by the grand-nephowr of ite subject, General
J. W, do Peyster, often a contributor to lI»o United Service, written with his usaal
aggressive ability, evidence of research, and iniliflVrcnce for conflicting opinion,
from a strong partisan stand-point. United Service. Vol. vui, February, 1883, pp. 223.

DB Pbtstek, John Watts. Mary Queen of Scots, a Study. New York :
Charles H. Ludwig, 1882.
8to, pp. 144.

Edition, 500 copies. ^

This series of Mary Stuart publications were reviewed most favorably and at
length' in The Sun, in the United Service, and in other journals and newspapers at
home and abroad.

DB Pbystkr, John Watts. A Vindication of James Hepburn, Fourth
Earl of Bothwell, Third Husband of Mary Queen of Scots. Now York :
L. R. Hamersly & Co., 1882.
8vo, pp.60, plates.

DK PKY6TER, JoHN Watts. Address delivered before the Historical So-
ciety of New Brunswick, in the city of St. John, Dominion of Canada,
4th July, 1883. New York : Charles H. Ludwig, 1883.
8to, pp. 40.

224 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

DB Petstbr, John Watts. An loqairy into the Career and Charaoter of
Mary Stoart ("Cruix Criticorum") {''The Pazzle of CriticB"), and a
Justification of Both well ("Audire est Operte Pretium") (''What is
Herein Disclosed is Worthy of Attention'')* New York: Charles H.
Ludwig, ld83.

8vo, pp. 2<M).
SditiOD. 500.

DE Peyster, John Watts, The Bnrgoyne Campaign of July-October,
1777. Reprinted from the Untied Service October, 1883. Philadelphia :
L. R. Hamersly & Co., 1883.

8vo, pp. 17. ,

DE Peyster, John Watts. Philip Kearny, Major General U. S. V. By hia
Cousin, John Watts de Peyster, Brev. Miy. Gen., New York [being a
biographical hitrodnction to "Service with the French in Africa, by
an officer, Lieut. P. Kearny, jr., First Dragoons, iu the United States
Army"]. Privately printed. New York, 1684.
Syo. pp. 19.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Bothwell: (James Hepburn, Fourth Earl of
Bothwell, Third Husband of Mary, Queen of Scot«.^ An Historical
Drama. Charles H. Ludwig, 1884.
8vo, pp. 144.

Illasirated with rare portraits, ooatamea, news, etc., from antbontio oriicinals.
This work has been very favorably reviewed in Scotch, EngliBh, and American
papers. The great French critic, " Le Livre,'* No. 56, 10th Au^nst, 1884, remarks :
*' le General de Peyster * * * has made Bothwell, whose name recalls Mary
Stuart, the hero of a grand draraa admirable to read, impossible to act." Other
critics consider that it would act with splendid effect were it not impossible to get
together a snfHcient number of professionals to fill the parts adequately.

DB Peyster, John Watts. Torsteuson, •* A Hero of the XVII Century."
Torsteuson before Vienna: or the Swedes in Austria in 1645-1646, with
a Biographical Sketch of Field Marshal Generalissimo Iiconard Tors-
teuson. New York: Charles H. Ludwie, 1885.
8vo, pp. 68, plates.
Edition, 500 copies.

DE Petster, John Watts. Address at the Annual Meeting of the Third
Army Corps, and the Twenty-first Anniversary Banquet of the Third
Army Corps Union, held at Sieghortner's, No. 32 Lafayette Place, New
York City, on Mouday, May 5th, 1885.
8vo, pp. 8.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Gypsies. Information translated and gath-
ered from various sources. New York : Charles H. Eudwig, 1885.
8ro, pp. 32.
Edition, 500 copies.

DE Peyster, John Watts. The Massacres of St. Bartholomew outside of
Paris, 34th August, 5th September, 1^72. New York : Charles H. Lud-
wig, 1885.
8vo, pp. 8.
Edition. 500 copies.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Editor. Sailor's Creek to Appomattox Court-
House ; or the Last Hours of Sheridan's Cavalry. By H. Edwin Tre-

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^FORD. 226

niftin. Edited and arranged with notes by General de Peyster. New
York : Charles H. Lndwig, printer, 1885.

12ino pp. 66.

This i^ second part or conclosioii of pabiication on same snbjeot, entitled : " The
Closing Davs about Richmond; or the Last Days of Sheridan's Cayalry/* by H.
Bdwin Tremsin, M^forand A. D. C. Brevet Brigadier^General, XT. S. V. New
York: Waldron St Payne, 37 Park Bow, n. d. Original manascript in nmgh ar-
ranged and edited by C^neral de Peyster, to whom it is dedicated.
DE Peystkr, John Watts. Brief de Peyster and Watts Genealogical
Reference, with partial list of authorities. New York: Charles H.
Ludwig, 1886.
8vo, pp. 8.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Andrew Atkinson Hnmphreys, of Pennsyl-
vania, Brigadier-General and Brevet M%|or-General U. S. A., Major-
General U. 8. v., Chief of Staff and Commander of the combined
Second-Third Corps, Army of the Potomac, Chief of Engineers U. S. A.
Lancaster, Pa. : Lancaster Intelligencer print, 1886.
8vo, pp. 21, plates.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Francesca da Bimini (a literal translation of
a famous episode in Dante's Inferno), with notes. New York : Charles
H. Ludwig, 1886.
8to, pp. 8.
Edition, 600 copies.
DE Peyster, John Watts. Anthony Wayne. [Prominent Men of the
Revolutionary Period. ] From the Magazine of American Hisloryf Feb-
' rnary, 1886, with authenticated portrait. New York: Martha J.
Lamb, 1886.
4to, pp. 17.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Anthony Wayne, Third Gtmeral-in-Chief of
the United States Army.
Svo, pp. 84, plates.
Reprinted from the United Serviee Magazine^ March, 1886.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Major-General Anthony Wayne, Third Gen-
eral-in-Chief of the United States Army, since the adoption of the Con*
stitntion. Lancaster, Pa., October, 1886. Steinman & Hunt.

8ro^ pp. 8.

Reprinted ttom the OoOeffe Student, Franklin and Marshal College.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Obituary Notice of Major-General Winfield
Scott Hancock, U. S. A. 1886.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Buddha or Gotama, or Sakia-Mouni ; Bud-
dhism and Romanism compared. Lancaster, Pa. : Steinman ds. Hensel,
1887.

8^0, pp. 4.

Reprinted from the (MUge Student, March, 1887.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Michael Angelo's Statue of <*Tlie Thinker"
[IlPenseroBo].
8vo, pp. 8.

Reprinted {torn the OoUege Student^ Franklin and Marshal College, Lancaster,
Pa., 1887.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Michael Angelo and the Tombs of the Medicis.

8?o, pp. 7.

Reprinted f!rom the CfoOege Student^ Franklin and Marshal College, Laneaster,

Pa.. 1887.

S. Mis. 170 16

226 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

PS Peystrr, John Watts. Before, At, and After Gettysburg. 1. Cee on
the Susqaehanna, in Jane-Jaly, 1863, with noted. 2. The FamonB
Bridging of the Lech by Gastavns Adolphns, in 1632, from the narra-
tive of an eye witness, an English Colonel in the Swedish Service. 3.
Bridgiiip:Illa8trated. 4. Hooker's Effect on Gettysburg. 5. Sickles at
Gettysburg. 0. Hood (Rebel) at Gettysburg. 7. After Gettysburg,
and at Williamsport and Falling Waters in July, 1863. 8. Remarks on
the Beneficial Union of the Theoretical and Practical. New York :
Charles H. Ludwig, 1887.

8vo, pp. 56.
Edition, 500 copies.

DE Peystek, John Watts. The Last Ten Days* Service of the Old Third
Corps (*'as we understand it") with the Army of the Potomac. New
York, 5th May, 1887. Address Delivered after the Anniversary Dinner
of the Third Corps Union, 5th Ma^^, 1887, at the Hotel Windsor, New
York, 1887.
8vo, pp. 16.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Prussia : its Position and Destiny (due to
Frederic II., the Great, the Sanspariel), by N. H. Loring. Ist March,
1834. With ''Introduction and Biographical Sketch of Frederic the
Great; Military Lessons Presented by his Career; A Comparison of
Frederic's Victories with those of Napoleon ; The Real Napoleon, not
the Mythical, Revealed," etc. New York : A. E. Chasmar & Co., 1887.

8vo, pp. 32.
Editioo, 500 copies.

DE Peyster, John Watts. The Peace of Westphalia. Supplement to
article " Religions Aspects of the Thirty Years* War."

8vo, pp. 4.

Repfint4Ml from the CoUege Student, Lancaster, Pa., Kovembar, 1888.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Religious Aspects of the Thirty Years' War,
1618-1648.
8vo, pp. 26.

Reprinted from the OolUffe Student for Febraary and March, 1888. Franklin and
Marshal College, Lancaster, Pa., 1888.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Miscellanies [reprint with notes] hy an
Officer (Colonel Arent Schuyler de Peyster, B. A.), 1774-1813. Part I.
With an Appendix, Explanatory Notes, etc. Original Letters of
Colonel de Peyster; Brig.-Gen. Sir John Johnson; Bart.; Col. Guy
Johnson, and others, from 1776 to 1813. Never before published. Also
Discovery of de Peyster's Islands in the Pacific Ocean. New York :

A. £. Chasmar, 1888.
8vo, pp. 80.
Edition, 500 copies.

DE PEY8TER, JoHN Watts. Miscellauics. Part II. Biographical Sketches
and Historical Memoirs, especially Public and Military, of the de Pey-
ster, Watts, and affiliated families, since their settlement in the present
United States. New York: C. H. Ludwig, 1888.

8vo. pp. 208.
Edition, 500 copies.

DE Peyster, John Watts. Was the Shakespeare after all a Myth f New
York: A. E. Chasmar & Co., 1888,
8vo, pp. 32.
Edition, 500 copies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 227

DE PsTSTER, JOHN Watts. Miraoles of the Passage of tbe Red Sea and of
the San and Moon Standing StiU.

The Epiieopdl Recorder, Phfladelphift, October 17, 1889.

DB Pbtster, John Watts. Wallenstein : the most Extraordinary Indi-
vidnal of the XVII. Centory, whose Rise and Fall were the Taming
Points of the Thirty Years' War. 1889.

8vo, pp. 6.

Reprinted fn^m the CoUege Student, Franklin and Manhall College, Lancas-
ter. Pa.
DE Peyster, John Watts. Notes, Vouchers, and Authorities. Operations
between Nuremberg, 8th September, and Ltitzen, 6th November, 1632.
Wallenstein's Generalship compared with that of Gnstaf Adolph (being
a Supplement to the preceding). New York : A. £. Chasmar & Co.,
1889.

8ro, pp. 24.

Also, a series of militsry lessons in itrstef^ snd tactics, and hiofcrapbioal
skeccbes and reviews, in The Leader (N. Y.) in 1861, 1862. and 1883; also bio-
graphical sketches, criticisms, and reviews In tbe New York Citizen and Mound
Table ; and in the Volunteer and Soldier^e Friend; also nnmeroas military easays,
criticiums, and biofcraphioal sketches in, the Army and Navy Journal, 1863, 1864,
and 1865, especially a series of articles on New American Tactics, which were trans-
lated and copied into foreign military jonmals, among these J. Correard's Journal
dee Seieneee MUitairee dee Armee de Terre ei de Mer, Paris, 1865 and 1866.

Articles pablished in United Service Magazine : Toratenson and tbe Battle of
Janikan, Joly, 1879; Joshua and the Battle of Beth-horon— Did tbe Sail and
Moon stand still T February, 1880 ; Hannibal, July. 1880 ; Gustavus Adolphns.
September, 1880; Cavalry, I, September, 18f0; Cavalry, II, November, 1880; Cav.
airy, III, December, 1880 ; Army Catastrophes— Destruction of Pharaoh and his
host ; how accompliflhod, etc. February, 1631 .—Hannibal's Army of Italy, March,
1881; HannibaVs Last Campaign, May, 1881; Infantry, I, June, 1881; Infantry,
II, August, 1881 ; Battle of Entaw Springs, 1781, September, 1881 ; Siege of York-
town, 1781, November, 1881 ; Infantry, III. April, 1882 ; Waterloo, July, 1882 ; Vin-
dication of James Hepburn, Earl of Both well, September, 1882, October, 1882;
From the Rapidau to Appomattox Court House, Jaly, 1883.— Bnrgoyne's Cum-
paign, July-October, 1777, and Appendix, Octol)er, 1883.— Life and Achievementii
of Field- Marshal GreneralisaimoSuworrow, November-December, 1883.— Biograph-
ical Sketch of Mi\j.-Gen. Andrew Atkinson Humphreys, U. S. A., March, 1884. —
Address, Mfg. -Gen. A. A. Humphreys, before the Third Array Corps, Union, 5th
May, 1884.' Character and Services of M%{.-Gen. A. A. Humphreys, XJ. S. A.,
Manhattan, N. Y., Monthly- Magazine, August, 1884.— The Condottieri of the
Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, October, 1884 ; Tbe Thirty Tears* War,
November and December, 1884, and February and May, 1885; Army Administra-
tive Service, January, 1885; Biographical Sketch, Bear- Admiral George Henry
Preble, April. 1885; M%j.-Gen. Gershom Mott, U. S. V., and the Third Corps,
Army of the Potomac, August. 1885; Anthony Wayne, Third General-in-Chief of
^ the United States Army (with portrait), March, 1886.

Centennial Sketches of the American Be volution, 1776-*82, in tbe Neio York
Timee, and in the New York Evening Mail and Mail and Expreee, 1876-'82. " The
, Barents Relics " inNovaZembla, Neto York Evening Matt. " War between Holland
and Belgium" (series), Poughkeepeie Eagle. Predictions (fullfllled) of the Prusso-
Austrian (1866) and Prusso-French War, 1870, New York Daily Timee and New
York Evening MaU.

DURAND, John. New Materials for the History of the American Revolu-
tion. Translated from docaments in the French archives, and edited
by John Durand. New York : Henry Holt & Company, 1689.
12mo.

Beviewed in the New York Sun, May 19, 1889; New York Timee ,- The Courier-
Journal, Louisville, Ky.. etc.

228 AMEBICAN HISTOBICAL ASSOCIATION.

DURRBTT, Reubbn T. Ancient Lonisville. A sketch of the origin, first
settlement and early development of LoaisviilCi from the landing on
Corn Island, in 1778, to the adoption of the first charter, in 1828.
(hurier-JourjuU, AnjpiBt 2, 1883.

D(TR|tETT, Bbubbn T. History of Expositions in Lonisville, from the first
in 1853 to the present, 1883, by Renben T. Durrett.
Oouner-Joumal^ Aa^st 3, 1883.

DuRRBTT, Reuben T. The First Christmas in Louisville. History of a
Dinner Party and Dance at the Falls of the Ohio One Hundred Tears
Ago, by Renben T. Dnrrett.

Southern Biv&utui, Vol. n, No. 5, Januarj, 1884, pp. 217-223.

Durrett, Rbubbn T. Impressments in 1786 in Kentncky, by Reuben T.
Dnrrett.

Southern BivouM^ Yol. n, No. 6, ,Febniary, 1884, pp. 257-264.

Durrett, Reuben T. The First Duel in Kentncky, by Renben T. Durrett.
Southern Bivouac, Vol. n, No. 7, March, 1884, pp. -306-310.

Durrett, Reuben T. John Filson, the First Historian of Kentncky. An
account of his life an^ writings, principally from original sources, pro-
pared for the Filson Club and read at its meeting in Louisville* Ky.,
June 26, 1884, by Reuben T. Durrett, president of the club. Louisville,
Ky. : Printed for the Filspn Club by John P. Morton &, Co., 1884.

4to, 132 pp., likeness of Filson, fac-slmile of his writing, and photolithographic
reproduction of his map of Kentucky in 1784.
Filson Club Publieationi, No. 1.

Durrett, Reuben T. The Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 and 1799, by Reu-
ben T. Dnrrett.

Southern B%vouae,Yo\. I, "Sw. 10, 11, and 12, March, 1886; April, 1886, and May,
1886. Illnstrated.

Durrett, Reuben T. An Historical Sketch of St. Paul's Church, Louis-
ville, Ky., prepared for the Semi^Centennial Celebration, October 6,
1889, by Reuben T. Durrett, President of the Filson Club. Published
under the auspices of the Filson Club. Louisville: John P.' Morton
& Co., 1889.

4to, pp. LV75, four illustrations.

FiUon Club PubUcatitme, Ko. 5.

Durrett, Reuben T. Historic Sketch of the Falls of the Ohio, as they
appeared one hundred years ago, by Reuben T. Durrett.
Courier-Journal. December 12. 1880.

Durrett, Reuben T. History of Steamboats upon the Western Waters,
from the Launching of the Orl-eatu in 1811 to the Present Time, by Reu-
ben T. Dnrrett.

Courier-Journal, December 19, 1880.

Durrett, Reuben T. Public Schools : History of Public Education in Ken-
tncky, and especially in Louisville, by Reuben T. Durrett.
Courier-JourruU, January 2, 0, 16, 23, and 30, 1881.

Durrett, Reuben T. Bear Hunting in Pioneer Days : An example within
the limits of Louisville 100 years ago, by Reuben T. Durrett.
Courier-Joumdl, february 6, 1881.

Durrett, Reuben T. An Historical Sketch of the Battle of thov Blue
Licks, prepared for the Louisville Commercial by Reuben T. Dnrrett.
IfOuieviUe Oommereial, August 19, 1882.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 229

DURRBTT, Rbubbn T. The Old Landmarks : The history of the old river
front property in Louisville, with the names of those identified w|th
the locality, by Reuben T. Durrett.
Oourisr-Jowmal, June 24, 1883.

DuRRSTT, Reuben T. The Temple of Justice : History of the court-houses
of Jefferson Coun^, Ky., from 1783 to the present, by Reuben T. Dur-
rett.

Oourier'Joumal, June 17, 1883.

Durrett, Rbubbn T. The Warrior's Path : An historic sketch of the early
railroadH of Kentucky, by Reuben T. Durrett.
(hurier' Journal^ July 15, 1883.

Durrett, Rbubbn T. The History of Blue Grass, by Reuben T. Durrett.
Courier-Journal, Janaary 18, 1879.

Durrett, Reuben T. The History and Historians of Kentucky, by Reu-
ben T. Durrett.

SouVkem Quarterly Review, Vol. I, No. 1, January, 1879, pp. 7S-02.

Durrett, Reuben T. Address at the Centennial Celebration of Lonisyille,
May 1, 1890, by Reuben T. Durrett.

Oourier-JounuU and Oommereialj May 2, 1880.

Durrett, Reuben T. The History of Public Libraries in Kentucky, and
especially in Louisville, by Reuben T. Durrett.
Courier Journal, Noyember 12, 1880.

Durrett, Reuben T. History of (lowers and their Cultivation in Louis-
ville since the- First Settlement at the Falls of the Ohio in 1778, by
Reuben T. Durrett.

Courier-Journal, Novembor 20, 1880.

Durrett, Reuben T. The Winter of 1880-'8l, with a Sketch of the
Weather for the Last Hundred Years, by Reuben T. Durrett.
Courier-JourTMl, November 26, 1880.

Durrett, Reuben T. Sketch of the first fight in Louisville, illustrating

the custom of iiersonal combats one hundred years ago. By Reuben T.

Durrett.

Courier-Journal, December 5, 1880. '

EoGLESTON, Edward. A History of Life in the United States. By Edward
. Eggleston. [Papers in various numbers of the Oenturtf MagazinCf 1882-
1888. Series not completed. Each paper with separate title, as below. ]
Tbe Beginnine of a Nation. Century Magazine, November, 1882. — The Planting
of New England. Janaary, 1883. — Mijprations of the American Colonists. March,
1883.— The Aborigines and Colonists. * I&ay, 1883. —Indian War in the Colonies. Sep-
tember, 1883.— Husbandry in Colony Times. January, 1884.— Commerce in the Colo-
nies. Jane, 1884. — Social Conditions in the Colonies. October, 1884. — The Colonists
at Home. April, 1885.— Social Life in the Colonies. July, 1885.— Church and Meet-
ing House Before the Kevolution. April, 1887. — ThoChurohof England in America.
' May. 1888.

These papers founded on original authorities printed and manuscript exam ined in
this country and Europe. Illustrated with engravings from historical objects and
old piints.

Egqleston, Edwaro. a History of the United States and its People.
For the Use of Schools. By Edward Eggleston. New York : D. Apple-
ton and Company, 1888,

8vo, pp. 18, 398.

Illustrated with 300 cuts, under the direction of the author.

Editions of 80,000 in the first ye^r.

230 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Egolxbtox, Edward. The Household History of the United States and
its People, for Young Americans. By Edward Eggleston. New York :
D. Appleton & Co., 1888.
8yo, pp. XVI, MS.

GontainB all the ma|M and illuAtrationa df the sobool edition and about 50
more. About 300 pictorial llaatrationa, and 75 maps.

EoGLESTON, Edwabd. A First Book in Americail History with special
reference to the Lives and Deeds of Great Americans. By Edward
Eggleston. New York : D. Appleton & Co., 1889

Square 12mo, pp. viii, 203.

Biographical in form. Ulustratad nndar tiie^ author's supervision.

EixiOTF, Charles B., Ph. D. The United States and Northeastern Fisher-
ies. A History of the Fishery Question. Published by University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., 1887.
152 pages and map.

ElxjotT; Charlks B. The Behring Sea Question.
AilanHa Monthly, February, 1890.

Elliott, Charles B. The Power to peclare Statutes Unconstitutional.
PoUOeal Science QuarUrty, June, 1880.

Elliott, Charles B. The Highest Power of the Judiciary.
The Advocate, Vol. i.

Elliott, Charles B. The Law of Tender.

National Law Review, VoL I, p. 505.

Elliott, Charles B. The Law of Escrow.

Central Law Journal, Vol. XV, p. 162.

Eluott, CHARLES B. Graveyard Law.
Central Law Journal, Vol. xvi, p. 161.

Elliott, Charles B. Senile Dementia.

Aineriean Law Journal, Vol. ll, p. 138.

Elliott, Charles B. Covenants in Leases.

Central Law Journal, Vol. xvi, p. 362.

Elliott, Charles B. Suicide and Life Insurance.
Central Law Journal, Vol. xxi, p. 378.

Eluott, Charles B. Implied Powers of Municipal Corporations.

American Law RegieUr, Vol. XXII, p. 584.

Elliott, Charles B. Collateral Securities.

Central l4aw Journal, Vol. XIV, p. 462.

Elliott, Charles B. Contracts by Correspondence.

Wettem Juriet, VoL XVI, p. 337. Journal of Jurisprudence (DnbUn), VoL XXVI.
p. 540.

Elliott, Charles B. Auctions and Auctioneers.
Southern Law Review, Vol. viil, p. 555.

Elliott, Charles B. Debtor and Creditor, etc.
American Law Regitter (N. S.), VoL xxiv, p. 783.

Elliott, Charles B. Consolidation of Corporations.

Western Jurist, Vol. xvu, p. 245. Central Law Journal, VoL xvii, p. 382.

Eluott, Charles B. Bonds.

Atneriean and English EncydopaOia of Law, Vol. ii.
Elliott, Charles B. Municipal Bonds.

American and English Eneydopofdia of Law, VoL XU.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 231

ElxiOTTy Charles B. Muuicipal Warrants.

Ameriean and English Etuyehpcedia of Late, VoL xu. American Law E€vimo,
VoL IV, p. STS.

£liot, Samuel. Passages from the History of Liberty.
EuoT, Samuel. History of Liberty. Part I. Ancient Romans. Part IL
Early Christians.

EuoT, Samuel. History of the United States.

4 void.

Also ]^ports (4) of Saperinfcendentof Pablic Schools, Boaton, andB^ports, Ad-
dreaaea, and Articles ia lieviews and Majraziuea.

Eltino, IrviKg. Johns Hopkins University. Studies in Historical and
Political Scieoce. Herbert B. Adams, Editor. Fourth Series. I. Dutch
Village Communities on the Hudson River? By Irving Elting, A. B.
Baltimore: N. Murray, Publication Agent, Johns Hopkins University,

January, 1886.

8vo, pp. 68. ^

Ely, Heman. Records of the Descendants of Nathaniel Ely. The Emigrant,
w^io settled first in Newtown, now Cambridge, Mass., was one of the
first settlers of Hartford, also of Norwalk,^ Conn., and a resident of
Springfield, Mass., from 1659 until his death in 1675. Compiled by
Heman Ely. Cleveland, Ohio, Short & Forman, Printers, 1885.

Ely, Richard T. French and German Socialism in Modem Ximcs. New
York : Harper & Brothers, 1883.
lOino, pp. 274.

Ely, Richard T. The Past and Present of Political Economy. Second
edition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Publications, 1884.

8vo.

Ely, Richard T. The Labor Movement in America. Fourth edition.
New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co., 1886.

8vo, pp. 383.

Ely, Richard T. Problems of To- Day. Third edition. New York: T.
Y. erowell & Co., 1888.
8to, pp.222.

Ely, Richard T. Taxation in American States and Cities. Third edi-
tion. New iTork: T. Y. Crowell & Co., 1888,
8vo, pp. 541.

Ely, Richard T. An Introduction to Political Economy. New York :

Hcuit & Eaton, 1889.
8vo, pp. 348.
40,000 copies.

Ely, Richard T. Social Aspects of Christianity. New York : T. Y. Crow-
ell & Co., 1889.
12mo.

Farmbr, Silas. The History of Detroit and Michigan, or the Metropolis
Illustrated. A Chronological Cyclopaedia of the Past and Present. In-
cluding a full record of Territorial days in Michigan and the Annals
of Wayne County. By Silas Farmer, City Historiographer. Detroit:
Silas Farmer & Co., Corner of Munroe Avenue and Farmer Street^
1884.

232 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION^

4to pp, 1,070, 649 maps, pUniB, reprodnoUons of old documents, and onte of build-

logs.

Bdition, 1,000 copies, eleotrotyped.

Reviewed in Detroit Evening Newt, NoTember 22, 1884 ; Debnnt Free Pre»e,
Kovember 30, 1884; Army and Navy BegieUr, Washington, D. C, February?,
1885 ; Magazine of American Hietory, March, 1885 ; Central Law Journal, St. Lonis,
May 15, 1885 ; Albany Law Journal, May 2, 1885 ; DetroU Evening Joum^ May 20.
1885; New Fork Ohrietian AdvoeaU, editorial. May 14, 1885 ; The Booh Bttyer, Kew
York, May, 1885; The Literary NeiM, New York, June, 1885; The Dial, Chicago,
June, 1885; The Nation, July 23, 1885; The Oritie, New York; NorthweeUm Ohrie-
tian Advocate, February 26. 1886 ; Boeton Evening Traneirript, December 4, 1886 ;
New Englond BibUopoleet, in New England Sittorieal and Oenealogieal Begieter,
July, 1887 ; Harper^ 9 Magazine^ July, 1887.

A seeond edition, revised and enlarged, in two volumes was printed in 1880.

Volume I contains 1,074 pages. Volume II, exclusively biographical, containa
818 pages and 171 portraits, mostly steeL

Fabmbr, SiLAfi. Detroit dnrini; Reyolutionary Days.
Magazine t^f Wegtwn Hietory, January, 1886.

Farnam, Henry Walcott. Die iunere franzosisohe Gewerbepolitik von
Colbert bis Tnrgot. Scharker's Staats- nnd Social wissenschaftliche
Forschnngen, I. 4. Leipzig : Danoker & Humblot, 1878.
8vo, pp. viii, 85.

Farnam, Henry Walcott. Die amerikanischen Gewerbevereine [Schrif-
ten des Yereins fUr Sooialpolitik, xviif]. Leipzig : Doncker &. Hum-
blot, 1879.
8vD, pp. 80.

Farnam, Henry Walcott. Memoir of Henry Famam. New Haven, 1889.
12mo, pp. 186, portrait.
Privately printed.

Ferguson, Henry. The Quakers in New England.

The Ohweh\ Beview and Eecletiaetieal Begitter, Vol. un, April, 1889. 8vo, pp.

82-ioe.

Fisher, George P. A Discoarse, commemorative of the History of the
Church of Christ in Yale College daring the first centnry of its exist-
ence, preached in the College Chapel, Nov. 22, 1857, with notes and
an appendix. New Haven: Thomas H. Pease, 1858.

1 vol., pp. 08.

Fisher, George P. Discourse, commemorative of Professor Josiah W.
Gibbs, LL. D. Preached in the Chapel of Yale CoUege, March 3l8t,
1861. New Haven, 1861.

pp. 15.

Fisher, George P. Life of Benjamin Silliman, M. D., LL.D., late Pro-
fessor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology in Yale College. Chiefly
from his mannscript reminiscences, diaries, and correspondence. New
York: Chas. Scribner & Co., 1866.

2 vole.; Vol. I, pp. 407 ; Vol. II, pp. 398. Portrait of Professor SJUimao.

Fisher, George P. Discussions in History and Theology. New York :
Chas. Scribner's rions, 1880.
1 vol., pp. 555.

FisiiER, George P. Oatlines of Universal History. Designed as a text-
book and for private reading. New York : Ivison, Blakeman & Co.,
18b5. '•*/

1 vol., pp. 674, with maps.

BIBLIOGBAPHT — POED. 233

FisHSR, Oeorob p. The Beginnings of Christianity. With a yiew of the
state of the Boman*World at the birth of Christ. New York : Chas.
Soribner's Sons, 1886.

1 Tol., pp. 500.

FisusR, Qborge p. History of the Christian Chnroh. New York : Chas.
Soribner's Sons, 1888.
1 vol., pp. 701, with maps.

Fitch, Charlies Eluott. Migration and Development. An address be.
fore the Wyoming Pioneer Association. ,

Democrat and OhnmicU, Aagnst 5, 1880^

FiTCH, Charlbs Eluott. The American College. An address at the Cen-
tennial of the Board of Hegents of the University of the State of New
York. Jnly, 1884.

FrrcR, Charles Elliott. Historical Address at the Semi-centennial of
the City of Rochester, Jnne, 1884. Printed in all the daily newspapers
of Rochester.

Also briognphical artiole on James A. Garfiold. InUmaUwMd Review for Oc-
tober, 18S0. NnxDeroos other addreeeoa and biographical and hiatorical articles in
the Deimoerat and ChnmieU,

Force, BifANNiKO Ferguson. Pre-Historic Man. Darwinism and Deity.
The Mound Builders. By M. F. Force. Some Considerations on the
Moand Boilders. Cincinnati : Robert Clarke ^ Co., 1873.
Sto, pp. 60-85.

Force,- Manning Ferguson, a. Some Early Notices of the Indians of
Ohio. 5. To What Race did the Mound Builders Belong f. Cincinnati:
Robert Clarke & C^., 1879.
' 8yo pp.— a, 40 ; 6, 85.

Force, Manning Ferguson. Address by M. F. Force, President of the
Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, on the Opening of the
New Rooms of the Society, October 15, 1885. Cincinnati : Robert
Clarke & Co.

12mo, pp. 8. f

Force, Manning Ferguson. Some Observations on the Letters of Amer-
igo Vespucci. Cincinnati : Robert Clarke & Co., 1885.
12mo, pp. 24.
Force, Manning Ferguson. Memorial Biographies of the New England
Historic-Genealogical Society. Vol. iv. Memoir of John McLean.
By Manning F. Force. Cambridge : John Wilson & Son. University
Press, 1885.
8 vo, pp. 13.

Force, Manning Ferguson. Campaigns ofthe Civil War. Vol.ii. From
Fort Henry to Corinth. By M. F. Force, late Brigadier-General' and
Brevet Major-General, U. S. V., commanding First Division, Seven-
teenth Corps. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1881.
12 mo, pp. 204. RoTlsecl. 1882.

Force, Manning Ferguson. . Sketches of War History, 1861-1865. Papers
read before the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal
Legion of the United States, 188^-1886. Published by the Command-
dery. Vol. i. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1888.

Marchiq^ acrqM Carolina, pp. 1-18.

Penonal recollections of the Yieksbarg Campaign, pp. 293-309.

234 AMERICAN HI8TOEICAL ASSOCIATION.

Ford, Paul Leicester, editor. Webster Genealogy. Compiled and
printed for presentation only. By Noah WebAer. New Haven : 1836.
With notes and corrections by bis great grandson, Paal Leicester Ford,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Privately printed, 1&76.

4io, pp. (4), 9, portridl and pUte.

230 copies printed.

Ford, Paul Leickstrr. Websteriana. A Catalogue of Books. By Noah

Webster. Collated from the library of Gordon L. Ford. Brooklyn,

N. Y.. 1882.

4to, 20 illastrations. *

Only G copies printed.

Ford, Paul Leicester. Bibliotheca Chaunciana. A List of the Writ-
ings of Charles Chaunc/, Brooklyn, N. Y. Privately printed, 1884.
ito, pp. 30.
10 copies printed.

F0RD« Paul Leicester. History of a Newspaper. The Pennsylvania
Gazette. '

Magazine of Aftveriean History, Vol. xv/No. 5. May, 1886.
Reprinted in The Journalist, Vol. in, No. 9, May 22, 1880.

Ford, Paul Leicester. Bibliotheca Hamiltoniana. A list of Books writ-
ten by or relating to Alexander Hamilton. By Paul Leicester Ford.
Printed for the Anthor. New York : The Knickerbocker Press, 1886.

8 vo, pp. vi, 159.

600 copies printed, oniform in style, with Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge's edition of the
writings of Hamilton.

Revien^ed in the Brooklyn Union, Decemler 4, 1886 ; New Tork Herald, January 16,
1887, and New Tork Evening Poet, January 24, 188L

Ford, Paul Leicester. A list of editions of The FederalUt. By Panl Lei-
cester Ford. Brooklyn, N. Y., 1886.

8vo, pp. 25.

Only 60 copies privately printed, on one side of paper only.

Ford, Paul Leicester. A list of Treasury Reports and Gircalars, issued
by Alexander Hamilton, 178i^l795. Goiupiled by Paul Leicester Ford.
Brooklyn, N. Y., 1886,
8vo, pp. 47.

Printed on only one side of paper ; fifty copies privately printed. It is a list of
aboat 130 of the rarest United States Governmeut documents, only five of which
are given in Poore's Catalogue of Oovernmenl Documents, aud of which neither the
Library of Congress nor the Treasury Depai tment have copies of any appreciable
proportion.

Ford, Paul Leicester. Beview of ^ ^American Common weal tbs. Connecti-
cut. A stndy of a Commonwealth Democracy. By Alexander Jobn-
ston."

Politieal Science Quarterly, Vol. ll, No. 3, September. 1887.

FoBD, Paul Leicester. S(»me Materials for a Bibliograpby of tbo Official
Publications of the Continental Congress for 1774. Collected and an-
notated by Paul Leicester Ford. Brooklyn, N. Y., 1886.
8vo, pp. 8.
260 copies separately printed from BtiUetin of Boston Fublie Library^ Vol. vni,
Ka a It is the fimt number of an intended list of United States Qovernment doc-
uments from 1774 to 1789. This number gives forty-four titles, only four of which
are contained in Poore's Catalogue of United States Government Documents.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — POBD. 235

FoBD, Paul Leicester. Pamphlets on the Constitution of the United
•States, Published during its Discussion by the People, 1787-1788. Ed-
ited, with Notes and a Bibliography, by Paul Leicester Ford. Brook-
lyn, N. Y. : 1888.

600 oopies printed. It oontaina the following pamphlets, and a bibliography and
refeienoe iiet of the Constitntion, 1787-17S9 :

[Gbbbt, Eldbxdge.] Obflervations on the Kew Constitntiont and on the Federal
and State Conventionji. By a Colnmbian Patriot.

[ Wbbsts^ Noah. ] An Examination into the Leading Principles of the Federal
Con^titation. By a Citizen of America.

[Jay, Joux. J An Address to the People of the State of New York, on the sabjec t
of the Constitution. By a Cltiseu of New York.

[SmTU, MuJLiccTHOM.J Address to the People of the State of New York. By
■ a Plebeian.

[Wbbbtbb, Pblatiah.] The Weakness of Bratns Exposed; or some remarks
in Yindicatlon of the Constitution. By a Citizen of Philadelphia.

[CoxB, Tbnch.1 An Examination of the Constitution of the United States of
America. By an American Citizen.

WiuoN, Jaubs. Speech on the Federal Constitution, delivered in Philadelphia.

[BiCKiKSOX, John. J Letters of Fabius on the Federal Constitution.

[Hamsok, Alexandbb CoiiTBE.] Bomarks on the Proposed Plan of a Federal
GoTemment. By Ariatides.

Baboolph, Edmund. Letter on the Federal Constitution.

[Lbe, Bichabd Hbxbt.] Observations on the System of Govemmeut proposed
by the late Convention. .By a Federal Farmer. '

Kason, Gbobqb. Objections to the Federal Constitution.

[iBiDBLL,] Jambs. Observations on George Mason's Objections to the Federal
Constitution. By Marcus.

[Ramsat, David. ] An Address to the Freemen of South Carolina on the Federal
Constitution. By Civis.

** Of all the able writings by our great statesmen in favor of or opposition to the
ratification of our national Constitution, The FederaUet alone is really accessible to
the student and historian ; the rest, for the most p^rt published anonymously,
having suffered the usual fate of pamphlets, and are now only to be found, widely
scattered, and without marks of identification, in our public and private libraries,
rendering their examination so difficult that, as a class, they have been singularly
neglected in the study of that instrument."— Pro«p«ctu«.

Bevieweil by President James C. Welling in The Nation, xlyiii, p. 56, January 17,
1889 ; by St. Clair McKelway in the Brooklyn EagU, October 21, 1889 ; by W. F.
Whitber in the Boeton Traveler, December 7, 188d ; in the Springfield Republican.
February 11, 1889 ; in the New York Tribune, December 24, 1889 ; and in the BoeUm
PoH, February 14, 1889.
Ford, Paul Leicbster. Bibliogirapby and Reference List of tbe History
and Literature relating to the adoption of tbe Constitution of the

United States, 1787-'88. By Paul Leicester Ford. Brooklyn, N. Y.,

8vo. pp. 61.

250 copies printed.
FoBD, Paul Leicester. Review of *' Bibliotheca Jefiersoniana: A list of
books written by or relating to Thomas Jefferson. By Hamilton Bol-

look Tompkins."

Poimcal Science Quarterly, Vol. ui, No. 2, June, 1888.
Ford, Paui« Leicester. A list of the members of the Federal Convention
of 1787. By Paul Leicester Ford. Brooklyn, N. Y., 1888.

1888.

16mo, pp. (S) 15.

Privately printed. Edition, 100 copies.

In 1819 when John Quinoy Adams, by direction of Congress, edited and published
the ** Joornal of the Federal Convention,*' he drew up from the commissions, etc.,

236 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

filed by the attending delegates a liat of the members. * • * Thie list -was
afOoepted and repnblished by Elliot in hie ** Debates in the State Conventions.** by
Cnrtis in bis " History' of theConstitation/'and more recently, in the **Offlolal Pro-
gramme of the Constitational Centennial*' * * '' Thus, this list prepared in
1819 has become a flztore, and both students and antograph collectors h*ye ac-
cepted it as correct. There are, however, several omissions, and by reference to
original documents, acts. Journals, etc.. I have increased the list to seventy-four
names. To this I have added in such oases as I have been able the reasons of
members for declining the appointment, and for the non-attendance of such as
failed to be present in the convention,* the day of arrival of the attending mem-
bers ; their absences, the date of leaving of those who failed to sign the Constitution,
with their reasons, and the part the non-attending or non-signing members took
in their own States in support of or opposition to the ratifloation.^JSIxfratft frtn^

Originally printed in the The CoUeeior, Vol. ii, Nos. 13 and 14, September and
October, 1888. Reprinted by permission in L. C. Draper's "Essay on the Auto-
graphic Collections of the Signers,*' New York« 1889.
Ford, Paul Lricbstbr. The Anthorahip of *' Plain Troth."

The Penntiflvania Magazine of Hittory and Biography, Vol. Xll, No. 4, Jannary,
1889. vo. pp. 421-424.

Relates to the authorship of a tract in reply to Paine's " Common Sense,*' which
had been variously ascribed to thvpens of Kichanl Wells, Alexander Hamilton,
William Inglis, Joseph Galloway, and George Chalmers, and which is here claimed
for the Rev. William Smith.
Ford, Paul Leicester. Affaires de PAngleterre et de FAm^riqne.

The Penntylvania Magazii\e of History and Biography, YoL xii, No. 2, July, 1880.
8vo, pp. 222-226. -^

An account and collation of a rare French periodical relating to the American
Revolution.
Ford, Paul Lkicbster. Review of ** Benjamin Franklin. By Jobn T.
Mone, jr."

PoliUeal Science Quarterly, Vol. iv. No. 4, December. 1889. 8yo, pp. 667-668.|
Ford, Paul Lbicrste^. Check-liat of American Magazines Printed in
the Eighteenth Centnry. By Paul Leicester Ford. Brooklyn, N. Y.,
1889.

Sm. 4to, pp. 12.
260 copies printed.

Within the coyers of this quarto pamphlet are given the titles of thirty-eight
magazines, many of great rarity and historic importance, botli from their matter
and illustrations. With each title, when possible, is given a list of the issues
from the commencement to the end of each magazine, together with dates, col-
lations, illustrations, and notes, giving the editors, histories, and other facts of
value. * * • Tlie list, as the title shown, has been prepared especially as a
"check-list,** being printed on one side of the paper in single columns, thus leav>
ing room for checking as well as for additions and corrections. For libraries and
collectors it will be of groat u»e for supplying information never before put in
print^Review from The CoUeetor, in, 40.

FoRiS, Paul Leicester. Who was the Mother of Franklin's Son f An
Historical Conundrnm, hitherto given up, now partly answered by Paal
Leicester Ford. Brooklyn, N. Y., 1889.
8m. ito, pp. 16.

Only 100 copies, privately printed.

Mr. Bdmund Quincy declared this question the "onemystery of Franklin's life.'*
Mr. Sparks "looked it up in vain.'* Mr. Alexander Dallas Bache "considered
it as past finding out." , Professor McMaster states that it "is not known.*' Mr.
John T. Morse says *'no record or tradition remains,'* nor has any other publicist
or historian brought forward the facts here put in print.

BIBLIOG](tAPHY — FORD. 237

Ford, Paul Lsicester. Cheok List of Bibliographiea, Catalogaes, Ref-
erence Lists, and Lists of Authorities of American Books and Subjects.
Compiled by Paol Leicester Ford. Brooklyn, N. Y., 1889.

Sm. 4to, pp. 64.

500 copies, printed in single colnmn, on one side of paper only.

This list * * * contains one thonsand and seventy (1,070). titles, being over
seven bondred more than have hitherto been catalogued in Sabin's, Jackson's,
and Vallee*8 Bibliographies of Bibliography. It indades not only separate bibli-
ographies of these snbjacts, but also those forming parts of other books. Unlike all
former lists, the arrangement is by subject under nineteen divisions and one hun-
dred and fifty subdivisions, with a olasslfloation of contents and an author's index.—
Froapeetua.

Ford, Paul Leicbstbr. List of some Briefs in Appeal Causes which relate
to America, tried before the Lords Commissioners of Appeals of Prize
Causes of His Majesty's Privy Council, 1736-1758. By Paul Leicester
Ford. Brooklyn, N. Y., 1889.

8vo, pp. 20.

250 copies, printed on one side of paper OQly.

The lack of material for the study and history of American trade and commerce
before the Revolution is so great that iA hardly requires mention. In the writings
of Charles Davenant, Josiah Child, Joshua Gee, William Douglas, John Ashley,
Edmund Burke, Adam Smith, and in a few fugitive pamphlets is more or less
matter on this snljjeot, but it is at best imperfect and fragmentary. Yot this topic
is not only important from an economic point of view, but equally so fur the
history of the causes of our Revolution ; for the trade restrictions and admiralty
courts on the one side, and the illicit trading and nullification of the English trade
laws on the other side, were a most important element in the origin of that war.
In the library of Mr. Gordon L. Ford, of Brooklyn, N. Y., are two volumes of
practically unknown papers which throw much light on this subject. Originally
belonging to Chief Justice WilUam Lee and Sir George Lee, members of the privy
council, they consist, for the most part, of the printed briefs in marine cases arilb-
ing in the French and Spanish war of 1739-1748, appealed from the admiralty courts
in England or in the English colonies to that portion of the privy council severally
described as the "Lords Commisai6ners for Appeals in Prize Causes," the "Com-
mittee of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council for Affairs of the Planta-
tions, or the "Lords Commissioners for hearing Appeals ftom the Plantations in
America in Cause of Prize." As in appeal cases now, only enough of these briefs
were printed to give the commissioners and the opposing advocates each a copy ;
and this probably limited the edition to a dozeu or flfu^en copies, which sufiiciently
accounts for their rarity and neglect as historical matter. In these legal argu-
ments and statements, howevor, is a great roa»s of American naval and commercial
history; and those particular copies are given especial value by many long notes
of the two Lees^ giving their opinions, the positions of the difierent members of
the privy council, and also the deoiitions of that body. To make these papers
better known I have prepared a list of all that treat of American trade, to which
I have added a few notes.— /V</a^.

FoBD, Paul Lkickstbb, Editor. Great Words from Great Americans. The
Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United States,
Washington's Inaugural and Farewell Addresses, Lincoln's Inaugural
and Farewell Addresses, etc. New York and London : G. P. Put-
nam's Sons, The Eaickerbocker Press, [1889].
12 mo, pp. (2) 207 ; 2 pori raits.

Contains an historic4d appendix, giving a brief history of the origin of each of
these " Great Words, " by Paul Leicester Ford. An earlier edition, entitled, " The
Ideals of theRepaUio," contained only a small part of this.

238 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Ford, Paul Leicester. Tbe Inangnration of our GoTeniment.

Harper's WeeMy, xxfin, May 4, 1889. pp. 846-364.

Ford, Paul Leicester. Franklin Bibliography. A list of books written
by or relating to Benjamin Franklin. By Paal Leicester Ford. Brook-
lyn, N. Y., 1889.

Svo, pp. Ixxi, 467.

500 copies printfed« on one side of paper only.
* The list contains in all oyer fifteen hundred titles and references. A nnmber

of these have never been catalogned or printed as FAnklin's, and many are^of great
rarity, while the notes definitely settle some of the disputed qaeetions in his life
$skd writings. It has been made uniform with Mr. Bigelow's edition of Franklin*8
writings (except that fewer copies have been printed), so that it may be made a
supplementary voiame to that work. ~Pro«pee(u«.

Reviewed by Lindsay Swift in the Boston Pott, November 20, 1889; by St. Clair
MoKelway in the Brooklyn Eagle, S^'ptember 22, 1889 ; New Tork Timet, October
13, 1889 ; Xiu> York Tribune, September 30, 1889 ; The Nation, December 6, 1889 ; The
Evening Poet, December 7, 1889; Springfield Republiean, September 27, 1889 ; by F.
D. Stone, Penneylvania Magazine o/Hietory and Biography, zm, p. 489; The CriHc^
and The Athenceutn.

Ford, Paul Leicestkr. Biographical Sketches of D^eaeed Members of
the New England Society of theCjty of Brooklyn. 188&-18d9.
In sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth Annual Reporte.
4 vols. 8vo.

FooTE, Henry Wilder. James Freeman and King's Chapel, 178a-*87. A
Chapter in tbe Early History of the Unitarian Movement in New Eng-
land. Reprinted from The Religious Magazine. Boston : Leonard C.
Bowles, 1873.

8vo, pp. 29.

Foote, Henry Wilder. In Memory of Charles Sumner. Sermon preached
at King's Chapel, Sunday, March 22, 1874, and Services at the Fa-
neral, March 16, 1874. Published by request of the Wardens and Yea-
try. Boston : Alfred Mudge & Son, 1874.

8vo, pp. 48.

FooTE, Henry Wilder. The Wisdom from Above. Sermon preached at
King's Chapel, Sunday, January 3, 1875, occasioned by the Death of
Rev. James Walker, D. D., LL. D., late President of Harvard Univer-
sity. Printed by request. Boston : Alfred Mudge & Son, Printers,
1875.

8vo, pp. 48.

FooTE, Henry Wilder. King's Chapel and the Evacuation of Boston. A
Discourse given in King's Chapel, Sunday, March 12, 1876. Printed
by request. Boston : George H. Ellis, 1876.
8vo, pp. 23.

FoOTE, Henry Wilder. The Rise of Dissenting Faiths and the Establish-
ment of the Episcopal Church. In "The Memorial History of 'Boston,
Vol. I. Edited by Justin Winsor." Boston : J. R. Osgood &, Co., 1880.
Chap. IV, pp. 191-217.

FooTE, Henry Wilder. A Discourse on the Russian Victories, given in
King's Chapel, March 25, 1813. By the Rev. James Freeman, D. D..
And a Catalogue of the Library, given by King William III to King's
Chapel in 1695. With Introductory Remarks by Henry Wilder Foote. v
Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Soci-
ety, March and May, 1881. . Cambridge : John Wilson & Son, 1881.
8vo, pp. 22.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^FOBD. 239

FooTK, Henry Wilder. Annals of King's Cbapel from the Puritan Age of
N^w England to the present day. In twoYolnmee. Vol. I. Boston :
Little, Brown and Company, 1882. ,

8ro, pp. i-xv, S51, 7 portraits, 7 platea, fao-Bimile.

Foots, Henry Wilder. The Centenary of the King's Chapel Litnrgy.
Discourse by Rev. Henry Wilder Foote, and Address by Rev. James
Freeman Clarke, D. D., given in King*s Chapel, Sunday, April 12, 1685.
Printed by request of the Wardens.and Vestry^ Boston : Q. H. Ellis,
1885.

8to, pp. 34.

Foote, Henry Wilder. The Commemoration by King's Chapel, Boston,
of the completion of two hundred years since its fonndation, on Wednes-
day, December 13, 1886. Also Three Historical Sermons. Edited by
Henry W. Foote. Boston : Little, Brown and Companyi 1887.
8vo, pp. 200, 16 plates, 0 portraits.

Foote, Henry Wilder. St. Augustine at HippOi

Christian Ext^iner, Vol. LXIX, pp. 35^280.

Foote, Henry Wilder. Rev. Charles Lowe.

Unitarian JUview, Vol. I, pp. 471^78.

Foote, Henry Wilder. The Puritan Commonwealth.

Unitarian Redew. Vol. xvi, pp. 101-124.

Foote, Henry Wilder. John A. Lowell.

Unitarian Review. VoL;tvin, pp. 161-168.

Foster, William Eaton. The United States Constitution. A list of ref-
erences. Economic Tracts. No. II. Series of 1880--'81. Political econ-
omy and political science. Compiled by W. G. Sumner, David A. Wells,
W. E. Foster, K. L. Dngdale, and G. H. Putnam. New York : The
Society for Political Education, 67 Madison Avenue, 1881.

. 12mo, pp. 24-33.

Foster, William Eaton. The literature of civil service reform in the
United States. By William £. Foster. Published by the Young Men's
Political Club. Providence: Providence Press Company, 1881.
8vo, pp. 15, pax>er coTers.

Foster, William Eaton. The civil service reform movement. By W.

£. Foster, author of ^^The literature of civil service reform in the

United States." Boston : Press of Kockwell and Churchill,* 39 Arch

Street, 1881.

12mo, pp. 76, paper covers.

* Second edition. George H. Ellis, 1881.

Foster, William Eaton. Stephen Hopkins, a Rhode Island statesman.
A study in tbe political history of the eighteenth century. By William
E. Foster. [No. 19, pts. 1 and 2,- of Rhode Island Historical Tracts.]
Providence: Sidney S. Rider, 1884.

Sm. 4to ; pt 1, pp. xz+196 ; pt. 2, pp. xii+289.

Sabsoribed for in advance. Strictly limited to 500 copies. 475 copies, smaU
paper; 25 copies, large paper.

lELeyitiwed in The Nation, An^st 7, 1884, r. 30, p. 117-18, by W. F.Allen; in The

American, Philadelphia, Angust 23, 1884, by J. G. Rosengarten ; in Every Othw

Saturdajf, Boston, August 30, 1884, by J. 6. Rosengarten ; in Providence Journal,

■ Jnne 23, 1884, by Henry Mann ; in Book Notes, Providence, Angnst 16, 1884, by

Sidney & Rider.

240 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Foster, WnxiAM Eaton. Early attempts at Rhode Island history, com-
prising those of Stephen Hopkins and Theodore Foster. Edited by
William £. Foster. Including— I. PrefiKse. (W. E. Foster.) II. An
Historical account of the planting and growth of Providence. (Ste-
phen Hopkins.) III. Materials for a history of Rhode Island. (Col-
lected by Theodore Foster.) lY. Appendix. (W. E. Foster.) V. Sketch
of the life and services of Theodore Foster. (W. E. Foster.)

8to, pp. 5-lH.

OoUeetUms 0/ the Rhode Itland SUUniaU Society, Volume VII. ProTidenoe :
Kelloj;g Pxintinjc Ck>mpany, 1885.

Foster, Wiluam Eaton. References to political and economic topics.
Prepared by William E. Foster, Librarian of the Providence Public *
Library, to accompany a series of lectures delivered in Providence,
R. I., 1884-'85, under the auspices of the First Congregaticnal Parish.
Providence : Providence Press Company, Book Printers, 1685.

Sm. 4to, pp. 27.

Foster, William Eaton. Economic Tracts. No. xvu. References to
the history of presidential administrations, 1789-1685. By W. E. Fos-
ier. Librarian of Providence Public Library. New York: The Society
for Political Education, 31 Park Row, 1685.
12mo, pp. 2, 58.

Foster, William Eaton. The use of a publio library in the study of his-
tory. By Wm. E. Foster, Librarian of the Providence Public Library.
In Methodi qf tsttehing kUUny, [Pedagogical Library, Vol. I, edited by O. Stai»>
ley Hall.] Boston: Oin, Heath A Company, 1885.
2d ed., 12mo, pp. 105-111.

Foster, William Eaton^ Town government in Rhode Islad. By Willianoi
E. Foster, A. M. [John Hopkins University. Studies in Historical and
Political Science. Herbert B. Adams, editor, 4th series, [No. II.]
Baltimore : N. Murray, Publication Agent, Johns Hopkins University,
February, 1866.
8vo, pp> 36.

Foster, William Eaton. Review of '* John Adams, the Statesman of the
American Revolution. By Mellen Chamberlain. Boston: The Webster
Historical Society, 1864."

The Nation, Vol. xxxviu, 'So. 981, April 17. 1884. p. SSL

Foster, Wiluam Eaton. Review of "Capt. John Smith, of Willoaghby.
By Alford, Lincolnshire, President 01 Virginia, and Admiral of New
England. Works. 1606-1631. Edited by Edward Arber. [The En-
glish Scholar's Library, No. 16. J Birmingham: Published by the ed-
itor, 1864."

Ihe Nation, Vol. xxxix, No. 1001, September i. 1884. pp. 204, 205.

C'osTER, William Eaton. Review of '* The Memorial History of Hartford
County, Connecticut. 1633-1664. Edited by J. Hammond Trumboll,
LL. D. In two volumes. Boston : Edward L. Osgood, 1686.''
AUaw^ Monthly, VoL ux, No. 352, Febniny, 1887. pp. 871-878

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^PORD. 241

Foster, William Eatox. Review of '* Franklin in France. From original
documents, most of which are now published for the first time. By
Edward E. Hale and Edward E. Hale, jr. Boston : Roberts Brothers,

1887."

The Katitm, Yol. XLIT. No. 1180, April 28, 1887. pp. 308-370.

FosTBB, William Eaton. Review of *<The English and French in North
America, 168^1763. Narrative and critical history of America. Edited
by Justin Winsor. Vol. v. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1887,"
The Xaiion^ Yd. XLV, No. IIM, November 3, 1887. pp. 355, 35«.

Foster, William Eaton. Review of ** The United States of North Amer-
ica. Part 11. Narrative and Critical History of America. Vol. vii.
Edited by Justin Winsor. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1888."
The Nation, Vol. XLTII, No. 1216, October 18, 1888. pp. 316, 317.

Foster, William Eaton. Review of * ' Franklin in France. From original

documents, most of which are now published for the first time. By

Edward E. Hale and Edward E. Hale, Jr. Part 11. The Treaty of

Peace and Franklin's Life till his Return. Boston : Roberts Brothers,

1888."

The Nation, Vol. XLVm, No. 1281, Jannuy ^1, 1889. pp. 102, 103.

Foster, William Eaton. Morse's Franklin. Review of Benjamin
Franklin. By, John T. Morse, jr. [American Statesmen.] Boston;
Houghton, Mifflin <& Co., 1889.

The Nation, Yol. XLnc, No. 1269, October 24, 1889. pp. 337, 338.

Also, "Notes," in The Nation. Vol. xxxix, pp. 33, 34, July 10. 1884 ; Vol. xxxix, p.
. Ill, August 7. 1884.

FoULKE, William Dudley. Slav or Saxon. A Study of the Growth and
Tendencies of Russian Civilization.

pp. 148.

1,000 copies printed, eleetrotyped.

Francke, Kuno. Zur Geschichte der lateinischen Schulpoesie dea 12ten
u. 13ten Jahrhunderts. Miinchen: Th. Riedel, 1879.

8to, pp. 120.

Francke, Kuno. Der Architrenius des Johann v. Anville.

Fortehunffenzur deuttchen Oe9chichU, Vol. xx. pp. 475-502. Hannover: Hahn,
1880.

Francke, Kuno. Zur Charaoteristik des Kardinals Humbert von Silva
Candida.

Nenes Archiv der GeseUsohafb fiir altere dentsohe Gesohickte, vii, pp. 614-<n9.
1881.

Francke, Kuno. The Parliamentary Experiment in Germany. Cam-
bridge : W. H. Wheeler, 1887.
• pp. ie<

Gallaudbt, Edward Miner. Eulogy on Hon. Amos Kendall.

American Ann€Ui of the Dettf, Vol. xv, No. 1, January, 1870. 8ro, pp. 37-43.

Gallaudet, Edward Miner. Eulogy on Harvey Prindle Peet.

Amerioan AnnaU of the l>eaf. Vol. xvm, No. 21, April, 1878. 8to, pp. U2-U5.

S. Mis. 170 ^16

242 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Qallaudet, Edward Miner. A Manual of IntenxatidDal Law. New
York: Henry Holt &, Co., 1886. Second edition.
l2ino, pp. 388. First edition, 1879. l.pOO copies.

Contains an historical sketch of the prot^ress of international \«w, pp. 1-49.
Beviewed in the New /eney Law Journal; Ths Luzerne (Pa.) Legal Begiatet;
The Buffalo Expreee; The Philadelphia Timee; The Albany Argue; 1%« Botton Even-
ing Traneeript; The Bankere' Magazine (N.Y.); The Chrietian Union; The Boeton
Daily Advertiser; The New York Tribune; The Sunday School Timee; Hie Church-
man.

Gaixaudet, Edward Miner. History of the Edncation of Deaf-Mntes,
in America.

American Sapplement to the EnoyclopiDdia Brittanica, Vol. II. New York,
Philadelphia, and London: J. M. Stoddart, 1884.
4to, pp. 65^574.

Gallaudet, Edward Miner. RemiDiscenoe&of Tbomas Maclntire.

Am£riean Annaltqfthe Deaf, Vol. xxxi, No. 1. January, 1886.
8vo, pp. 20-29.

Gallavdet, Edward Miner. Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallandef , Founder
of t)eaf-Mnte Instruction in America. New York : Henry Holt A, Co.,

1888.

l2mo, pp. 839, 4 portraits, illnstrated.
Edition, 1,000 copies.

Keviewed in The Springfield SepubUean, April 4,1888: The Chrietian Regieter;
The Boeton Advertiser; The New York Tribune; The Harford Poet; The New York
Observer. ♦

" On the one hundredth anniversary of Dr. Gallandet's birth, this record of his
life is completed and offered to the deaf of America, and their friends, with an as>
snrance of their friendly interest in its publication." Extract from preface, dated
December 10. 1887.
Gat, Sydney Howard. A Popular History of the United States, from the
first discovery of the Western Hemisphere by the Northmen to the end
of the Civil War. Preceded by a sketch of the Prehistoric Period and
the Age of the Mound -Builders. By William Cnllen Bryant and Sydney
Howard Gay. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1681.
Four volumes. Fully illuittrated. Royal 8to.

Vol I. 490-1647, pp. xl. 583, 5 stoel plates, 12 foU-paf^e/vrood engravings, 8 maps,
276 illustrations in text. «

Vol. II. 1636-1744 pp. xxxii, 634, 4 steel plates, 14 fnllpage wood engrsrings,
11 full-page mnps and plans, 807 illustrations in text.

Vol. in. 1678-1781, pp. xxviii, 655, 4 steel plates. 12 full-page wood engravings,
7 full-page maps and facsimiles, 258 illustrations in text.

Vol. IV. 1779-1865, pp. xxiv, 648, 4 steel plates. 12 full-page wood engravings, 6
full-pa^e maps and fac-similes, 260 illustrations in text.
In numbers— Vol. i, 7 extra steel plates.
Vol. II, 7 extra steel plates.
Vol. Ill, 8 <;xtra steel plates.
Vol. IV, 9 extra steel plates.
KoTC— The gentlemen whose able assistance made it possible for Mr. Gay to
complete thin work in so short a timi^ are mentioned by name in his "Prefaoe** to
Vol II and his Introductory to Vol. lY. The publishers have omitted these pre-
faces for some years past. They have, however, retained the "Introduotioo," by
Mr. Bryant.

Gay, Sydney Howard. Why Cornwallis was at Yorktown. By Sydney
Howard Gay.

North American Review for October, 1881.

Gay, Sydney Howard. Landing of the Pilgrims. By Sydney Howard
Gay.

Atlantie Monthly for October. 1881.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 243

Gay, Sydnby Howard. American Statesmen, edited by John T. Morse,
jr. James Madison, by Sydney Howard Gay. Boston: Honghton, Miff-
lin &, Co. New York: 11 East Seventeenth street. Cambridge: The
Riverside Press, 1884.
l2mo, pp. 342.

Gay, Sydney Howard. Amerigo Vespncci. A chapter in Vol. n of the
' ^ Narrative and Critical History 6f Aroerioa. Edited 1by Jnstin Winsor,
Librarian of Harvard University, Corresponding Secretary Massachu-
setts Historical Society.'' Boston and New York : Honghton, Mifflin d&
Co. * Cambridge: The Riverside Press, 1689.
Royal Sro, pp. 2i« 3 portndtB, 2 f ac-Almiles.

Oilman, Arthur. A Genealogical and Biographical Record of the Branch
of the Family.of Oilman descended from the Hononrable Councillor John '
Gilman, of Exeter, N. H. With which is incorporated some account of
his ancestors and the English branch of the Oilman Family. Albany :
J. Mnnsell, 1863.

8to, pp. 61.

Oilman, Arthur. Genealogy of the Oilman Family in England and
America; traced in the line of Hon. John Oilman, of Exeter, N. H.
Albany : J. Monsell, 1864.
8to, pp. 64.

Oilman, Arthur. The Oilman Family traced in the line of Hon. John
Oilman, of Exeter, N. H., with an account of many other Oilmans in
England and America. Albany : J. Mnnsell, 1869.
Sm. 4to, pp. xii, 324, 6 portraits.

Oilman, Arthur. First Steps in English Literature. An outline of the
history of the literature of the English language, for the use of schools
in connection with the study of the works of English authors. New
York: A. S. Barnes Si Co.

16mo. pp. 283. [Reached its tenth edition in 1876. Bevised, 18R9.]

Oilman, Arthur. First Steps in General History. A suggestive outline.
[For the use of schools.] New York : A. S. Barnes &, Cp., 1874.

Pp. X, 385.

Oilman, Arthur. Kings, Queens, and Barbarians, or Tales about Seven
Historic Ages. [History for children.] Boston: D. Lothrop Co., 1870.

Oilman, Arthur. Boston, Past and Present, being an outline of the
history of the city as exhibited in the lives of its prominent citizens.
Cambridge : The Riverside Press.

Folio, pp. x\y, 643.

In this Tolame (planned and mainlj written by others) Mr. Gilman composed
the title, the introdoction. and eketobes of the livee of Sir Henry Tan<», Anne
Hntobtnson, Tfaomae Prince, Samnel Adama, James Otis, John Qnincy Adams,
Cardinal de Chevems, Joseph Story, Amos and Abbot Lawrence, Lowell Mason,
Edward Everett, Rnfos Choate, Henry W. Lonf^ellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes,
Robert C. Wintfarop, John A. Andrew, and James Russell Lowell. The sketches
were accompanied by steel portraits.

Oilman, Arthur. Life of Chaucer. " The Times and the Poet." The
Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chancer. Riverside edition. Edited, with
Memoir, by Arthur Oilman. Cambridge : Houghton, Mifflin and Com-
pany.

3 vols., OTDwn 8to, pp. CXZVI ; 578, 091 , 708.

244 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Oilman, Arthur. Magna Cbarta Stories. Historic Straggles for Freedom,
written by Arthur Oilman and others. Boston : D. Lothrop Co., 1882.
l2mo.

Oilman Arthur. A History of the American People. Boston: D.
Lothrop Co., 1883.

12ino. pp. xziii, 868. «

Oilman, Arthur. Tales of the Pathfinders. Stones of the exploration
of America. Boston : D. Lothrop Co.
16nio, pp. 225. '

Oilman, Arthur. The Story of Rome from the earliest times to the {aU of
the Republic. [The Story of the Nations.] New York and London :
G. P. Pntnam's Sons, 1885.
Pp. iv, 353-

Oilman, Arthur. The Story of the Saracens from the earliest times to
the fall of Bagdad [The Story of the Nations.] New York and Lon-
don : O. P. Putnam's Sons, 18i^.

Pp. xvi, 493.

Oilman, Arthur. The Disoovery and Exploration of America. A book
for American boys and girls. Boston and Chicago: The Interstate
Publishing Co.. 1897.
Sq. ISroo, pp. 128.

Oilman, Arthur^ The Colonization of America. A book for American
boys and girls. Boston and Chicago : The Interstate Publishing Co.,
1887.

Sq. 16mo. pp. 160 •

Oilman, Arthur. The Making of the Americiskn Nation. A book for
American boys and girls. Boston and Chicago : The Interstate* Pnb-
lishing Co., 1887.

8q. ISroo, pp. 100.

Oilman, Arthur. The Story of Boston. A Stndy of Independency.
[Oreat Cities of the Republic]. New York : O. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.

8vo, pp. yiil, 507.

Oilman, Arthur, editor. Lothrop's Library of Entertaining History.

Seriefi, beffinniDgln 1879, the following volames In 12nio, illustrated, published
by D. Lothrop Co., Boston.
India, by Fanny Roper Fenge, pp. 640.
Spain, by Prof. James A. Mackenzie, pp. xxii, 717.

Switzerland, by Harriet D. Slidell, pp. 585. ,

^KJV^f ^y ^rs. (ylara Erskine Clement
China, by Prof. Robert K. Bonglass, pp. 566.

Oilman Arthur,, collaboratenr.- Story of the Nations.

Collaboratear in 1886-'87 with the aathors mentioned in the following books, pub-
lished by G. P. Putnam's Sons :
Germany, by Sabine-Baring Gould, pp. xvii, 457.
The Moors in Spain, by Stanley La&e«Poole, pp. xx, 285.
Alexander's Empire, by Prof. J. P. Mahaffy, pp. xxil, 323.
Carthage, by Prof. Alfred J. Church, pp. xx, 300.
Turkey, by Stanley Lane-Poole, pp. xx, 373.
Early Egypt, by Prof. George Rawlinson.

Oilman, Arthur. Hymn-Writers in English, and sketches of a few
English authors who have written on religions snbjects.
In Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia.

Mr. Gilman has published sundry biographical sketches in the Harvard Beqi^
ter (1880, etc.) and elsewhere.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 245

OoDDARD, Henry Perkins. Memorial of Deceased Offloers of the Four-
teenth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers. By Henry P. Goddard, late
Captain Co. A and B, 14th Regt. Conn. Vols. Hartford, Conn., 1872.

8to, pp. 40.

privately printed. Edition. 200 copies.

GoDDARD, Henry Pkrilins. Regimental Reminiscences of the War of the
Rebellion. By Henry P. Goddard, late Captain 14th Conn, Vols. Mid-
dleiown, Conn., 1877.

8FO,pp. 15.

Privately printed. Edition, 300 copies.

GODDARD, Henry Perkins. Luther Martin : The Federal Bull-Dog. By
Henry P. Goddard. Fund Publication, No. 24. Baltimore, Md. : Mary-
land Histqpcal Society, 1887.
8yo, pp. 42. ^

Originally read before the Maryland Historical Society. Bound in with il is "k
* Sketch of|the Life and Character of Kathaoiel Ramsey," by W. W. Brand, D. D.
This sketch of Martin is a "study," to be, perhaps, expanded later into a biog*
raphy. ^

Goddard, Hbnry Pbrkins. Recollections of Edward L. Davenport.

LipjnneoU'9^agazine, April, 1878. Vol. xvi. No. 124, pp. 463^68.

GooDB, George Brown. The Colleges of the United States.

OolUge Review, New York, Jane. 1870.

The earliest attempt at a list of Amerioan colleges, the foundation of a similar
list iu the " Report of the Presidents of Columbia College " for 1871, subsequently
enlarged into this classified catalogue, now aanually published in the reports of the
U. %. Commissionei' of Edacation.

Goods, George Brown. A History of Wesleyan University.

CkMege Bevieio, New York, 1870.

GooDE, George Brown, Co-Editor. The Alumni Record of Wesleyan

University, 1873.
GooDE, George Brown. On the question, '' Do Snakes Swallow Their

Young!"

Proceedings o/ the American Atioeiation for the Advancement of Science, 1874
(Portland meeting), pp. 170-185.

Also as a separate, repa^ed.

A study of a curious problem in animal life, in connection with traditions, folk*
lore, and literary allusions.

Goods, George Brown. Commercial Statistics of Animal Products in
the United States: a Review of a portion of the report of the Chief
of the Bureau of Statistics for the Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1877.
BuUetin V. S, National Muteum, No. 14, 1879, pp. 272-300.

GooDEj George Brown. Statistics of American Fisheries. In Documeuts
and Proceedings of the Halifax Commission, 1877, under the Treaty of
Washington of May 6, 1677 (ui), pp. 3.360-3363. Washington, 1878.
First published iu Halifax. 1877, as "Appendix O" to the ofiicial record. Also
iu Trantaetions Am/etican Fith-Oultural Aesoeiation, 1878, pp. 99-108.

'Ilie earliest attempt at a statistical survey uf the American fisheries as a
whole, beiUK the foundation of the fishery works of the Tenth Ceusus.
« ▲.—Estimated total of American Fisheries for 1876.

B.-— Produo^i of Weira^aud Traps.

C— Products of Marine Fisheries of Southern Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
D.-lPtoducts of Marine Fisheries of the Northern Atlantic States.
£.--Table showing statistics of the manufactures of menhaden oil and guano in
the United SUtes iu the years 1873, 1874, 187£>, 1876.

246 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Gooj>E, Georgb Brown. A Stady of tbe Popular Names of the Menhaden.

American NaturaUtt, Noyember, 1870, pp. 735-730.

The ueniuuleii is a fish of the herring family, which occars in oar AUantio
waters, from Nova Sootia to Mexico. The object of this paper was to sho^ the
great diversity ot its nomenclature in Colonial days, and the receipt gradual d jiog
oat of mafiy of the names as a result of freer communication between the flshermen
on different parts of the coast.
OooDE, George Brown. The Earliest Americaii Naturalist, Thomas

Heriot.-

Heienee Newt, New York, NoTcmber 1. 1878, pp. 12, 13.

Concerning an eminent English savant, who was a member of the Roanoke
Colony of 1685.

GooDE, George Bro^n. American Ichthyology in 1878.
SeUnee News, New York. Febroary 1, 1879. pp. 97-100.
BibliugEaphioal and critical.

GooDEi George Brown. Commercial Statistics of Animal Prodacts in the
United States.

SuUeHn V. S. National Mtueuin, Na 11, 1879. pp. 272-300.

An analytical survej^of tbe export and import trade in •ommertfial prodaots of
animal origin in the uMaX year ending Jane 30, 1877.

Goods, George Brown. Executive Proceedings of the United States
Senate from which the luj unction of Secrecy has been Aemoved. The
North American Fisheries. Arrangements with Great Britain. Mem-
oranda in Relation to Statistics of the Fisheries of North America^ pre-
pared for Senator Edmunds in response to his request of December 31,

1878.

Oongreiei<mal Record^ ix, No. 89. pp. 2-4, July 10, 1879.

GooDK, George Brown. U. S. Fish Commission and Census of 1880. (44.)
Plan of Inquiry into the History and Present Condition of the Fish-
eries of the United States. Washington : Government Printing Office,
1879.

8vo, pp. 54 (2).

Also in Seport U. S. Fith Commieeion, Part vm. 1881.

GooDE, George Brown. The Natural and Economical History of the
American Menhaden.

Report V. S. Oommiseioner of Fish and Fieheriet, Part v. 1679, Appendix A, pp.
1-529, Plates i-xzxi (xxz canceled), pp. 194-287.

GOODE, George Brown, Joint author. American Fisheries, a History of
the Menhaden • • « with an account of the Agricultural Uses of
Fish, and an introduction, bringing the subject down to date. Thirty
plates. New York : Orange Judd Company, 1880.

8vo. pp. X (I). Ui-xii, 1-529 (1).

Reviewed in Nature, London, xxu, p. 835.

Goods, George Brown. A short biography of the Menhaden, an ab-
stract of *'A History of the Menhaden. '^ Read before the Saratoga
Meeting of the American Association for the Advaocdment of Science,
and the Chicago Meeting of the Central Fish Cultural Association,
and in an extended form before the New York Meeting of the United
States Menhaden Oil and Guano Association. Salem : Printed at the
Saletn Press ^ 18o0.

8vo, pp. 15 (I).

GooDB, George Brown. A Short Biography of the Menhaden.

/Voc. Am^r. Aaaoe. Adoan. Hci., Saratoga Meeting. 1879 (1880), pp, 42&-437.

. BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 247

GoODEy George Brown. The ase of Agricaltural Fertilizers by the Amer-
ican Indians and the early EDglish Colonists.
American NcUuraliiL xiv, 1880, pp. 473-479, July.

GooDE, George Brown. Perry winkle and Pinny winkle.

Angler's Note Book and NaturalUVt Record, London, IdSO, i, p. 187.

liTameB of New England shell-flfih, in reply to a statement in Professoi KeatB'fl
article on "Anglo-Saxon Fidh Names."

Goode, George BroWxV. The First Decade of the United States Fish Com-
mission. ' Its Plan of Work and Accomplished Results, Scientific and
Economical. «

Proceed, Amer. Auoe, Advane, Sei., 1881, pp. 663-574. Boston Meeting.

Alao, Mature, London, xxit, 1880, pp. 597-599. October 21 ; SmUheonian
Beport, 1880; and Etport U. 8. Fieh Oommiifion, Part viii, 1881.

GpODEy George Brown. Das erste Jahrzehnt der Wirksamkeit derFisch-
Kommission der Vereioigten Staaten. Ihre Geschichte, ihr System und
ihre Arbeiten fUr die Wissenschaft nnd die offentliche Wohlfahrt. Voll-
stiindiKe Uebersicht tiber eine MenterverwaUnnj;.

Circular Deutschen Fischerei-Verein, Berlin. 1880, pp. 190-197.
Alao, in Oesterreichiech^Ungarieche Fiecherei'Zeitung, Ylenna, iv. 1881, pp. 7,
15, 20 (January 1, 8, 16.)

GooDE; George Brown. Game Fishes of the United States, by S. A. Kil-
bonrne ; text by G. Brown Goode. New York : Published by Charles
Scribner's Sons, 1879-'8a-'81.
Folio, pp. (40), 20 plates and map«.

Fabliahed in ton parts, each witii two plates, lithographs in water*color, and
fonr pages folio of text.

Describes twenty of the most iipportant types of fishes, with constant referenoes
to the History of American Fisheries.

GooDE, George Brown. Epochs in the History of Fish Culture.

Trans. Amer. Fish Cultural Aatociation, 1881, pp. 34-67.
Also, in Report U. 9. Fish Commission, Part vii.

A historical review of fish culture, from the discovery of the art by Jacob!, in
1741.

GooDE, George Brown. Statistics of American Fisheries submitted to
the Superintendent of the Tenth Census :

' Census Bulletin (1) No. 176. Preliminary Report upon the Pacific States and
Territoriea. Prepared by Mr. G. Brown Goode from returns of Special Agents
Jordan, Swan, and Bean. Dated May 24, 1881. 4to, pp. 6 (x 2).

Census Bulletin (2) No. 261. Statistics of the Fisheries of the Great Lakes.
Prepared by Mr. Frederick W. True from notes of Special Agent Kumllon. Dated
September 1, 1881. 4to, pp. 8.

Census Bulletin (3) No. 278. Statistics of the Fisheries of Maine. Prepared by
Mr. 11. E.Earll from his own notes and those of Mr. C. G. Atkins. Dated Novem-
ber 21, 1881. 4to. pp. 47 (4-1).

Census Bulletin (4) No. 281. Statistics of the Fisheties of Virginia. Prepared
by Col. Marshall McDonald. Dated December 1, 1881. 4to, pp. 8.

Censu-s Bulletin (5) No. 291. Statistics of the Fisheries of New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Prepared by Mr. A. Howard Clark. Dated April
5, 1882. 4to, pp. 7 (+1).

Census Bulletin (6) No. 205. Statistics of the Fisheries of Massachusetts. Pre-
pared by Mr. A . Howard Clark from retum:) of Special A|;enta, Wilcox, Clark, True,
Collins, and Atwood. Dated March 1, 1882. 4to, pp. 35 {+!).

Census Bulletin (7) No. 297. Commercial Fisheries of the Middle Slates. Pre-
pared by Mr. R. K. Earll and Col. M. McDonald. Dated June 5, 1882. 4to, pp.
14. (This bulletin includes statistics of No. 4, C. B. No. 281.)

248 AMEBIOAK HISTOBIOAL ASSOCIATION.

Gesisiis Bulletin (8) No. 298. Commeroial Fisheries of the Soathern AtlMitto
States. Prepared by Hr. R. B. BacU and Colonel McDonald. Dated June 5, 188S
4to, pp. 18.

Jn all 148 pages, quarto.

In addition to these, certain special tables have appeared :

(9) Statistical table. Table showing by States the persons employed, capital
Invested, and value of products in the oyster industry.

(10) Statistical table. Stotistics of the Fisheries of the United States in 1880.
Prepared by Messrn. Goode and Earll from the reports* of the special agents.
Printed in the Compendium of the Tenth Census, p. 1402. pp. 2. Reprinted in
Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, YoL in, 1888, pp. 270-271, and in Pre-
liminary Catalogue International Fisheries Exhibition faoiog p. &

(11) Statistical table. Table showing by States the quantity of Spanish Mack-
erel taken in 1880, and the total catch for the United States. By B. Edward Barll.
Report United States Fish Commission, Part viii, 1880, p. 416.

(12) Statistical siuumary. (Statistics of the Davis Strait Halibut Fishery.) By
Newton P. Soudder. Report United States Fish Commission. Part viii, pp. 190-192.

(13) Statistical summary. (Statistics of the Sword-flsh Fishery.) By G. Brown
(j(oode. Report United States Fish Ck)mmission, Part vni, pp. 361-387.

(14) Statistical summaries. Statistics of the Mackerel Fishery in 1880. By R.
Edward Earll. Report United States Fish Ck)mmiasiob, Part IX, p. (124) (127).

Statistics of the Mackerel Canning Industry. , By R. Edward EarlL Ibid., p.
(131).

Statistics of the Inspection of Mackerel from 1804 to 1880. By A. Howard Clark.
Ibid,, pp. (162) (213).

Vessels in the Mackerel Fishery in 1880. Ibid., p. 418.

Catch of Mackerel by Americans in Canadian Waters, 1873-'81. Ibid., p. (430).

(15) Statistical summary. (Statistics of the use of Fish Guano as a fertilizer.)
By Charles W. Smiley. Report United States Fish Commission, Part ix, pp. 073-

(16) Statistical summary. (A Statistical review of the production and distribu-
tion to public waters of young fish by the United States Fish Commission from its
organization in 1871 to the close of 1880.) By Charles W. Smiley. Report United
States Fish Commission, Part iz, pp. 826-842.

Goods, George Brown. Notes on the Life History of the Eel, chiefly de-
rived from a study of recent European authorities.

BulUtin U. S. lUh OommissUm, I, pp. 71-124.

Also, in Procesdinga Afnerican Fith Cultural AtMeiatlon, 1881, pp. 81-123.

GooDE, George Brown. The Fisheries of the World.

The Cfyelopeedia <if Political Economy, etc., Chicago, ii, pp* 211*231.

GoODE, George Brown, joint author. The Winter Haddock Fishery of
New England.

BuJOetin U. S. Fiih Committion, I, pp. 226-236.

GoopB, George Brown. Bibliographies of American Naturalists. 1. The
Published Writings of Spencer Fullerton Baird/ 1843-1883. By George
Brown Goode, Assistant Director of the National Museum, Washington :
€k>vemment Printing Office, 1883.
8vo, pp. i-xvi, 1-377(1), with portrait.
A biography is prefixed.

The bibliography covers nearly forty years of the work of the most prolific writer
among American naturalists, and relates to very important adminittratiye liter-
ature as well.

Goode, George Brown. Materials for a History of the Sword Fishes.

Report V. 8. Oommitnoner Fith and Fitheriet, Part vni, pp. 100, and 30 plates.
Goode, George Brown. Statistics of the Fisheries of the United States
in 1880.

Compendium of the Tenth Census, Part u, Table gyI, ^-3, pp. 140, 188S.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^POED. 249

Goods, Gborge Brown. The FiBheries of the United States.

Ojficial Cataloguet Chreat IiUemaUofwl Fithery , Exkibitionf Iiondon, 188S, pp;
18»-191.

GOODE, George Brown. A Review of the Fishery ladostries of the
United States and the Work of th&U. S. Fish Commission. By G. Brown
Goode> M. A., Assistant Director of the U. S. National Mnseum, and
Commissioner to the International Fisheries Exhibition, London, 1883.
Bead at a conference of the International Fisheries Exhibition, June
25, 1883, his excellency James Rnssell Lowell in the chair. London :
WiUiam Clowes &. Sons, Limited, International Fisheries Exhibition,

and 13 Charing Cross, S. W., 1883.
ftro, pp. 1-S4.

Alao. in The FUJuriu SxhibUion Literature, London, 1B8B, VoL v, pp. 3-^.
Fall t^xt, with remarlu of Professor Huxley, Mr. £«rU, the Marqnia of Exeter,
the Marqals of Hamilton, and Mr. James KoiweJl LowelL

Goods, George Brown, joint author. The Mackerel Fishery of the
United States. ■ •

(Materials for a History of the Mackerel Fishery. 1883, pp. (i8)-<118).)

Goods. George Brown, Joint author. Materials for a history of the
Mackerel Fishery. By George Brown Goode, Joseph W. Collins, R. £.
Earll, and A. Howard Clark. Washington: Government Printing
Office, 1883.

7817. 8vo,pp.tll-[441].

Extracted ttom the AnnvuA Beport of the Oommisaionar of Fith and Fi$herietfor
1881.

OooDE, George Brown, Joint aathor. Bibliography of the Writings of
the Alumni and Facalty of Wesleyan University.

Alumni Record of WeeUyan Vhivertity, Middletown. 1883, pp. 52»-668,

Goods, George Brown. Department of the Interior, U. S. National Mu-
seum. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, No. )i7. Descriptive
catalogues constituting a report u^ion the exhibit of the fisheries and
fish culture of the United States of America, made at the London Fish-
eries Exhibition, 1883. Prepared under the direction of G^. Brown
Goode, U. S. Commissioner, and a staflf of associates. Washington :
Government Printing Office, 1884.
8to, pp. 1-1279. (S. I. series, Ko. 511.)

OdoDB, George Brown, editor. United States Commission of Fish and
Fisheries. Spencer F. Baird, Commissioner. The Fisheries and Fishery
Industries of the United States. Prepared through the co-operation of
the Commissioner of Fisheries and the Superintendent of the Tenth
Census. By George Brown Goode, Assistant Director of the U. S. Na-
tional Museum, and a Staff of Associates. Washington : Government
Printing Office, 1884.

These volQipea, althoagh dated 1884, were not actually published aotil 1885.

Sectiok L Natural History of Useful Aquatic Animals, with an atlas of 277
plates. Text. 4to, pp. xxxiv+886.

8xc. n. A Gtoographical Review of the Fishery Industries and Fishins Commu-
nities for the year 1880. 1887. pp. i-ix, (1) 1-787 (1).

8ec. m. The Fishing Grounds of North America, with forty-nine charts . Edited
by Kichard Rathbun. 1887. pp. i-X>in, 1-238,

Sec. IV. The Fishermen of the United States, by GeorgeBrown Goode and Joseph
W. Ck>lUns. 1887. pp. 1-178.

^50 AMERICAN UISTOEICAL ASSOCIATION.

Sbc. y. History and Methods of the Fiaheriea. In two volomei. [Edited by A.
Howard Clark), with an atlaa ob 255 platea. YoL 1, 1S87, pp. I-JUOI, 1-^8. YoLu,
1807, pp. 1-881.

Seotiona iii and iv are hoond in one volame. Thia work ia atill in progreaa.
The paria enamerated above compoee five volames of text and two of platea— ^even
in all.

Goods, George Browx. Article *' Oyster Industry."

SncyOopcBdia BriUanniea, 9th edition, xviii, pp. 107-110.

Alao, in abatract : BuUeHn 27. S. Fuh Oommutum, iv. pp. 4G&-4C9 ; Proeeeding^qf
Ameriean Fish CuUural Association, 18M, pp. 146-148.
Seienee, in, 720.'

GooDEi George Brown. Fishery Treaties.

Cydopasdia of PoUtieal Economy, Chicago, m, 1884, pp. 9^11-44.

A review of the treaty reUtiona of Great Britain and the United States.

'Goode, George Browk. De Forenede uord amerikanske Staters Fiskeri-
tilsyn.

Piskcritidende, Copenhagen, No. 16, April 14, 1886^ pp. 133-136; and No. 17, April
28. 1885, pp. 149-150.
Tranalated into the Daniah language.

Goods. George Brown. The status of the United States Fish Commissioii
in 18d4. A review of what has been accomplished in fish-culture^ and
the investigation of the American Fisheries. By G. Brown Goode, As-
sistant Director of the U. S. National Museum. Washington : Govern-
ment Printing Office, 1884.
8vo, pp. 1-42.

Extracted from the Annual Report of the Oommisticnsr of Fish and Fisheries
for 1884.
Gk>ODE, George Brown. Article <' Pisciculture.'' 1885.

Encydopasdia Britannica, xix, pp. 126-129.

Goods, George Brown, joint author. On the American Fishes in the
Linnsean Collection.

Proceedings XT. 8. Nationdl Mxisewrn, vui, Jnne 8, 1885, pp. 193-208L
A review of the work of the Swediah naturaliat upon the colleotiona aent him at
the middle of the eighteenth century by Dr. Alexander Garden, of Charleaton, S.
C. the collection atill being in exiatence in the library of the Lioseiui Society of
Sweden.

Goods, Georgk Brown. A brief biography of the Halibut

American Naturalist^ xix. No. 10, October, 1885, pp. 95a-009.
Alao aa a aeparate pamphlet.

Goods, George Brown. The Beginnings of Natural History in America.
An address delivered at the sixth anniversary meeting of the Biolog-
ical Society of Washington, by G. Brown Goode, President of the So-
ciety. Wa8hiu<;ton : Printed for the Society, 1886.

8vo, pp. 35-105.

From the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Vol HI, 1884-*86.
Alao iu Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.

A diacusaion of the work of the earlieat natoraliata and explorera, and of the
origin of acientiflo inatitntiona in America.

GooDE, George Brown. Scientific Men and Institutions in America.

The Epoch, New York, i, pp. 487-489, June 24, 1887. .

Goods, George Brown. American Fishes. A popular treatise upon the
Game and Food Fishes of North America with special reference to
habits and methods of capture. By G. Brown Goode, Assistant Secre-
tary of the Smithsonian Institution, Corresponding Member of the

BIBLIOaBAPHT — FOED.

251

Zoological Society of London, the Deutsche Fischerei-Verein, the Na-
tional Fish Calture Association of Great Britain, the Northern Fish-
eries Society of Japan, etc., etc., late United States Commissioner of
Fisheries, and Commissioner to the International Fishery Exhibitions
in London and Berlin. With numerous illustrations. New York :
Standard Book Co., 1688.
Koyal 8vo, pp. i-xvi, 1-496.

Keviewed in Science, Junel; The New York Tribune, Jane 12; The New York
Timee^ June 17; The Epoch, June 29; Th€ Nation, June 21; The New York Evening
Poeti July 10; Pormtat Seienee Monthly, Aagnst ; Forest and Stream, July 6 ; Amer-
ican Angler, July; American Naturaliet, August; The Now YorkStar, July 15; The
New York Sun, May 27; Magazine American HUtory, August; The New York
Journal, August 12 ; The San I^anciiteo Breeder and Sportman, July 21 ; Shootit^
and Fishing, Novembers; The Spectator, London, June, 1889; Nature, London,
1888, etc.

A book on the babits and nses of flsbes. written from the biatorical standpoint;
with constant references to the history of zoology and of the flsberies.

Goods, Georgk Brown. The Whales and Porpoises [of North America].
The Fi»heries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Sec. I, Part I, JH>- 7-Sl.
Plates Ull.
Contains frequent bistorioal references.

GooDE, George Brown. The Food- fishes of the United States.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States,Sec I, Part m,pp. 169-
882, 218 plates [35-252].

In this part aro included articles by David S. Jordan, Marshall McDonald, Tarle-
ton H. Beau, R. I. Geare and others, which are referred to under names of authors
with related plates. The whole subjeot is treated from the historical stand-point.

GoODE, George Brown, joint author. The Fishermen of the United States.
The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Sec. it, 1887, pp. 1-129,
13 plates.

GoODE, George Brown, joint author. The Mackerel Purse-seine Fishery.
The Fisheries and Fuhery Industries of the United Statis, Sec. X, Vol. i, 1887,
pp. 245-304. 27 plates. .

Goods, George Brown. The Swordfish Fishery.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the UniUd States, Seo. v. Vol. I. 1887, pp.
315-326, 2 plates.

GooDE, George Brown, joint author. The Menhaden Fishery.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Seo. V, Vol. I, lfi87,
pp. 327-415, 32 plates.

Goode, George Brown, joint author. The Fresh Halibut Fishery.

The Fisheries and Fishery Induttries of the UniUd States, Sec. v, Vol. 1, 1887,
pp. 1-89, 22 plates.

GooDE, George Brown, joint author. The Bank Haud^line Cod Fishery.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the UniUd States, Sec. v. Vol. I, 1887,
pp. 121-133, 2 plates.

Goods, George Brown, joint author. The Labrador and Gulf of Saint
Lawrence Cod Fisheries.

The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Sec. v, Vol. i, 1887, pp.
133-187, 5 pUtes.

Goods, George BrOwn, joint author. The George's Bank Cod Fishery.
The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Seo. v. Vol. i, 1887, pp.
187-198, 6 plates.

GoODE, Gkorgk Brown, joint author. Haddock Fishery of New England.
The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, Sec. v. Vol. i, 1887, pp.
234-241. 3 plates.

252 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Gk>ODE, Georos Brown. The Beginnings of American Science. The
Third Century. An address delivered at the eighth anniversary meet-
ing of the Biological Society of Washington, by G. Brown Goode,
President of the Society. Washington : Printed for the Society, 1383.

8vo, pp. fr-94.

From the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Weuhington, Vol. iv. 1880-'88.

GooDB, George Brown. An Interesting Dialogne, in 1676, between Bacon
'* The Rebel " and John Goode of " Whitby."

Magazine qf American History, xvni, November, 1877, pp. 418-422.

A ;etter written to Sir William Berkeley by John Goode, a YirfoniA planter,
giving ill dialogue form "the fall sabatanee of a diaoonrse " between himself and
Nathaniel Baoon, which seems to indicate that Bacon wan from the beginning of
hia career in Virginia a seditious personage, and that his rebellion was not the re*
suit of Berkeley's failure to aupport the colonists in their efforts to repel the in-
cnrsioAS of the Indians, as Bacon's admirers have sometimes argued, but was pre>
meditated. Dialogue quoted in fall from Colonial Entry Book (Public Records
Office, London), Vol. LXXI, pp. 232-240.

QooDEy George Brown. Memories of Professor Baird.

The Ohautauqitan, ix, October, 1888, pp. 21-24.

GooDE; George Brown. A Brief Biographical Sketch of Professor Baird.

Report qf the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for 1887-'8S, pp. 7!^>89.

Goode, George Brown. Virginia Cousins. A study of the ancestry and
posterity of John Goode of Whitby, a Virginia colonist of the Seven-
teenth Century, with notes upon related families. A key to southern
genealogy, and a history of the English surnames Gode, Gond, Gonde,
or Good, from 1148 to 1887. By G. Brown Goode, with a preface by
R. A. Brock, secretary of the Virginia and Southern Historical Society.
[Coat of Arms.] Richmond, Virginia: J. W. Randolph & English,
MDCCCLXXXVII.

Sm. 4to, pp. i~xxxvi. 1^26. Many portraits.

Reviewed in Magazine of American History, zxi, pp. 174,175; Xew Sngland
Historic —Oenealogical Register ; Southern Churchman, September 6. 1888; Oen-
tnU Presbyterian, Richmond, September IS, 1888 ;* Qlottcestershire (England) Ifote*
and Queries, January, 1889.

In the study of the American branch of the family an attempt has been made to
trace in female as well as in male lines all the descendants for eight generations
of a Virginia colonist who settled on the frontier near the falls of the James aboat
1659.

Incidentally, in connection with the index, a Icey is given to the literature of ail
Southern genealogy, and a catalogue of Virginia fomilies which claimed the rlf^ht
to use coats of arms.

Pedigrees, covering at least three generations, are given Ibr the following Vir-
ginia families :

Alexander, firockenbrongh, Fry,

Andrews, BurweU, Gaines,

Bacon, Capehart, Garland,

BafiTwell, Carlin, Ooode,

Ball, Carriugton, Gordon,

Baptist, Gary, Green,

Barksdale, Chapman, Harriet^

BaskennUc, Claiborne,- Harrison,

Beck, Clarke, Henry,

Belsches, Collier, Holt (of Oa.),

Bland, Daniel, Horaeley,

Blencoe. Dawson, Iverson,

Boiling [Pocahontas], Duron, Isard (of S. C),

Botta. Dupuy, Jeferson,

Bouldiu, Egqleston, Jones,

Boyd, Fairfax, Lemoine,

Branch, Feiid, Lyle,

Brent, Finch, McKay,

3IBLI0GBAPHY — FOED.

253

Manhall,
Mmod.
Jfattry,
Maynardf
Meade,
Meggifuuu,
ICereditb,
Minor,
MonisoB,
Moibi/f
Murray,
»II,

NeUon,

PoeahontMf,

Posey, '

PotPeU,

Pryor,

Randolph,

Read,

Rolfe,

SeldeD,

Shenod,

Smith,

Sontball,

Spotnoood,
Stitto,
Tait,
Tatuio.
Thornton,
Tucker,
Vanf^han,
Tenable,
Walker,
Ward,
Wharton.
Mnrrel

Also biographical notices of the following persons in pablic life:

Joeiah B. Abbott, of Tirglnia. 11793-1849.] Editor of the Kiohmond Whig.

Judge Gamett Andrews, of Georgia. [1798-1873.] With portrait.

Col. Gamett Andrews, C. S. A., of Chattanooga. [1837+.] Colonel of Eighth
Georgia Battalion.

Fannin Andrews, of Macon, Ga. il8JH)+. ] Novelist.

Col. Franklin K. Beck, C. S. A. of Alabama. [1814-1804.] Killed in battle at
* ' Sesaca.^' Colonel of Twenty-third Alabama Infantry.

Hon. James W. Bouldin.

Col. George W. Brent, C. S. A., of Alexandria. fl821«187^.] Chief of Staff to
General Bragg.

Brig. Gen. Goode Bryan, C.8. A. [1811-1885.} Brigadier-Generat Georgia in-
fantry. [ Portrait. ]

MiU- Gen. W. P. Carlin, U. a A. [1829+.] With portrait.

Henry Chadwiok, of Kew York. [1824+.] Journalist.

Col. John Lyle Clarke, C. S. A. [1833+.] Colonel of "Clarke's Battalion of
Sharpshooters."

Col. Powhatan Clarke, C. S, A. [1836+.] Professor in Baltimore City College,
r Portrait.] Chief of Ordnance Department of Alabama and Mississippi.

General Alfred Camming. C. 8. A. [1829+.] ^ Brigadier-General Georgia
Infantry.

Hon. Joseph B. Camming, of Georgia. [1838+.] Colonel of Georgia Infantry.

Hon. John Warwick Daniel, of Virginia. [1842+.] U. S. Seaator. With
portrait.

Bennett M. DeWitt, of Virginia. Journalist.

General W. S. Fisher, of Texas. [1810-45.] General of Texas troops, and Sec-
retary of War of the Texan Republic.

Col. S. Baasett French, C. S. A., of Virginia. [1827+.] Aide toGovemor Letcher,
of Virginia.

Hon. Philip Goode Gillett, LL. D. [1833+.] Superintendent of the Illinois
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. With portrait

Col. C. T. Goode, C. S. A., of Georgia. [1835-75.] Miyor Tenth Georgia Infantry ;
Nineteenth Georgia Cavalry ; Colonel Tenth Confederate Cavalry.

Col. Edmund Goode, C. S. A. ,'1825~'62.] Colonel Fifty-eighth Virginia Infantry.
Died in service.

CoL Edmund J. Goode, C. S. A. f 1822-'87.] Colonel Seventh Mississippi Infantry.

Hon. J6hn Goode, LL. D., of Virginia. [1829+.] Member of Congress— Solici-
tor-General of the United States.

Col. J. Thomas Goode, C. S. A., of Virginia. [1835+.] Colonel Thirtyfoarth
Virginia Infantry. [Portrait.]

Judge Patrick Gaines Goode. of Ohio. [1798-1862.] Portrait. Member of Con-
gress, 1833-1843.

Col. Robert Goode. of the Virginia Continental Army. [ 1743-1809. ]

Hon. Samuel Goode, M. C, of Virginia. [175^1822.] [Portrait] Member of
Congress. 1799-1801.

Col. Thomas F. Goode, C.S. A., of Virginia. [1825+.] [Portrait] Colonel Second
Virginia Cavalry.

Rev. William H. Goode, D. D.; [1807-1879.] Pioneer Missionary of the M. £.
Church; Author; Indian Philanthropist. [Portrait]

Hon. William O. Goode, of Virginia. [1798-1859.] [Portrait] Member of Con-
gress, 1841-'43, 1853-'59.

254 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

General Alexander A. Greene, C« S. A. [1844-1864.] Killed in battle before
Atlanta, Brigadier-General of Alabama Infantry.

William Waller Hening, of Virf^inia. [1750-1828.] Historian; Author of Virginia^
Statutes at Large.

Col. Arthur Herbert, C. S. A. Colonel of Seventeenth Virginia Infantry.

Hon. Benjamin H. Bill, of Georgia. U. S. Senate.

Jndge ThaddensGoode Holt. Jr.. of Georgia. [1837-1886.] Confederate Cavalry
Officer; Journalist.

Jndge Thaddens Goode Holt, of Georgia. [ 1793-1873. ] Solicitor-General of GeorgiaL.

Gen. Alferd Ivorson, C.S. A. [1829+.] [Portrait.] Brigadier General of Cav-
alry.

Hon. Alfred Iverson, of Georgia. [1799-1873.] U.S. Senate.

Col. B. W. Johnson. C. S. A., of Arkansas. [18254-.J Colonel Fifteenth Arkansas
Infantry.

Col. Thomas Goode Jones, of Alabama. fl846-f .] Governor of Alabama, and
" Commander of Alabama Troops. [Portrait.]

Col. William Bice Jones, C S. A. [1810+.] Staff of General Magmder.

Lieut. Lafayette Maynaid, IT. S. N. [1819-1876.1 Officer in Mexican War, and
California Pioneer. [Portrait.]

General James L. Minor, of Missouri. [1813+.] Secretary of State, and State
Superintendent of Schoolsr

General Isaac Monroe St John, C.S.A. [1828-1880.] Commissary-General of
the Confederacy; Civil Engineer.

Betsy Hening Schermerhom, of Virginia. Poet.

Hon. William C. Sherrod, M. C, of Alabama [1881+.]

Col. G. P. Smoots, C. S. A. Tennessee Infantry.

Hon. Charles Tait, of Georgia. [1767-J885.] IT. S. Senate

Capt. Seth Brett Thornton, IT. S. A. [1815-1847.] Killed before Mexico, An*
gust 18, 1847, leader of the first engagement in the Mexican War. [Portrait.]

Col. W. J. Vason, C. S. A., of Georgia. Tenth Confederate Cavalry.

GooDR, George Brown. The Depths of the Ocean.

Atlantic Monthly, zill. January, 1889, pp. 124-128.

A review of Alexander Agassiz's " American Thalaesographj," with a historioal
sketch of the deep-sea work of the Agassiz, father and son, in connection with the
U. S. Coast Survey.

Goode, George Brown. Mnseura History and Mnseums of History. A
paper read before the American Historioal Association, in Washington,
D. C, December 26-28, 1888, hy G. Brown Goode, LL. D., Assistant
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in charge of the National Ma-
seam. New York: The Knickerbocker Press, 1889.

Reprinted ft^m the Papert of the American Hittorical AMtoeiation, Vol. iii,
8vo, pp. 253 (407). 276 (519).

Goode, George Brown. The Origin of the National Scientific and Edaca-
tional Institutions of the United States. By Dr. G. B^wn Goode,
Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the
U. S. National Museum. New York and London: G. P. Pntnani's
Sons. The Knickerbocker Press, 1890.

8vo. pp. 112.

Bepdnted from the Papert of the American Historical Attodation. \

Goode, George Brown. The Color of Fishes. An Essay read at the
Philadelphia Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, May 16, 1890.
By G. Brown Goode. Philadelphia, l^i'MK

8vo, pp. 8.

Beprinted from the Trantaetiont of the Amertean Piaheriet Soeitly.

Goods, George Brown. The Literary Labors of Benjamin Franklio.
An Address delivered before the American Philosophical Society at the

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 265

Commemorfttion of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the decease of
its illustrious Founder and first President, April 17, 1890. By G. Brown
Croode, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Philadel-
phia, 1890.

8to, pp. 21.

From the Proeeedingg of thf American PhUoiophical Society, Vol. xxviii.

6oULD| Elgin Ralston Lovell. Historical and Political Science Studies.
Johns Hopkins Uui versi ty . Series 1 , No. 3. Local Govern ment in Penn-
sylvania, by £. R. L. Gould, Ph. D. Baltimore: Murphy d& Co., 1882.

Graham, Albert A. An Historical Atlas and History of Indiana, Histo-
ries of Counties in Southern Portion, including History of the French
Settlements. Chica^^o, III.: A. L. Baskin&Co., 1876.
pp. 750, maps and platea.

Graham, Albert A. History of De Kalb County, Illinois. Chicago: H.
F. Kett & Co., 1877.-

8vo, pp. 450, maps and platea.

Graham, Albert A. History of- Warren County, Hlinois. Chicago, HI. :
H. F. Kett & Co., 1877.
pp. 362, mape and plates.

Graham, Albert A. History of Logan County, Illinois. Chicago, 111. !
Donnelley, Loyd & Co., 1878.
pp. 5S8, maps and plates.

Graham,. Albert A. The Atheusof the West, Jacksonville, HI. Hlustrated.

Potter' t A merican Monthly, October, 187S.

Graham, Albert A. Yincennes, Ind. A Century. Illustrated.
rotter's American Monthly; March and April, 1870.

Graham, Alberi A. The Pioneer Railroad of the West. Hlustrated.

Potter'e American MonUdy, July, 1879.

Gr\ham, Albert A. History of Morgan County, III. Chicago, 111. : Don-
nelley, Loyd A Co., 1879.
6to, pp. 768, maps and plates.

Graham, Albert A. History of Coles County, Illinois. Chicago, 111. : O.
L. Baskin &. Co., 1879.
pp. 450, mai»fl and plates.

Graham, Albert A. History of Ottawa, La Salle, and Peru, and the Il-
linois River, in various county histories. Chicago, HI. : H.F. Kett d&
Co., 1879.

870, maps and plates.

Graham, Albert A. The Home of John Sherman, Mansfield, Ohio. Illus-
trated.

Potter's American Monthly, Aagast, 1879.

Graham, Albert A. History of Richland County, Ohio. Mansfield,
Ohio: A. A. Gresbam, 1880.
pp. 900, maps and plates.
1,200 copies.

Graham, Albert A. History of Licking County, Ohio. Newark, Ohio :
A. A. Graham, 1880.

pp. 450, maps and platea.
800 copies.

256 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Graham, Albert A. History of Knox County, Ohio. Newark, Ohio : A.
A. Graham, 1881.

8ro, pp. 862, mapfl and platiw.

Graham, Albkrt A. History of Coshocton Connty, Ohio. Newark, Ohio:
A. A. Graham. 1882.

8ro, pp. 050, maps and plates.
1,100 copies.

Graham, Albert A. History of Fairfield and Perry Counties, Ohio. Chi-
cago, 111. : J. H. Beers & Co., 1883.

pp. 900.
800 copies.

Graham, Albert A. Starved Rock. Fort St. Louis on the Illinois. The
First trading post of the French in the Illinois Country. Illustrated.
Magazine of WeHem Higtory, November, 1885.

Graham. Albert A. Francis C. Sessions. A biography.

Magazine of We»tem History, May, 1886. <

Graham, Albert A. The Refugee Tract (Lands) in Ohio.
Magazine of Wettem lliMtory, December, 1?86.

Graham, Albert A. 'The beginning of Legislation in the North West
• Territory.

Ohio ArchoBologieal and UiMtorieal Quarterly, Vol. i, 1887.

Also, in same series, The Preservation of Pnblio Documents. Vol. n, 1888. A
Documentary History of OIjIo. Vol. ii, 1888, and Various Reports, Vols, i and II.
Also in miscellaneous hiKtorical articles in Ohio State Journal, 1884, 1886, 1886,
1887. 1888.

Grren, Samuel Abbott. American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb. Vol.
XIII, No. 1. March, 1861. The Earliest Advocate of the Education of
Deaf-Mutes in America. By Samuel A. Green, M. D., of Boston, Mass.

8vo, pp. 32.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Percival and Ellen Green.

8vo, pp. 5,

Reprinte<l from The NetoEngland Hittorical and Oenealogieal Regitter for April,
1881. Vol. XV, pp. 105-109.

Green, Samuel Abbott. My Canipaigns in America: A journal kept by
Count William de Dcux-Ponts, 1780-81. Translated from the French
Manuscript, with an lutrodiiction'and Notes. By Samuel Abbott Green.
Boston: J. K. Wi^gin and Wm. Parsons Lunt, 1868.
8vo, pp. XVI (1), 17G. *

Green, Samuel Abbott. Bibliography of the Massachusetts Historical
Society. By Samuel A. Green, M. D. Reprinted from the Proceedings
of the Massachiisf^tts Historical Society, 1871. Boston : Press of John
Wilson 4fe Son, 1871.
8vo, pp. 10.

Read at a meotinc held .January 12, 1871, and reprinted from the Proceedings,
Vol. XII, pp. 2-8.

Green, Samuel Abbott. American Journal of Numismatics, and Bulletin
of the American Numismatic and Archipolugical Societies. (Quarterly.
Vol. V [to XXV]. July, 1870-Jnly, 1871. [Seal of the Boston Numis-
matic Society.] Committee of Publication : William Sumner Appleton,
Samuel Abbott Green, Jeremiah Colbnrn. Boston: Published by the
Boston Numismatic Society, 1871.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^FORD. 257

Obeek, Samukl Abbott. The Story of a Famoas Book : An acooimt of
Dr. Beojamin Franklin's Autobiography. By Samuel A. 6reen, M. D.
Boston : For Private Distribution, 1671.

8to, pp. 14.

This oriKinAHy Appeared in Ths Atlantic MtmtUy for February, 1871 (Vol.
zxvii, pp. 207-212), under the title of " The Story of a Famoas Book." A small
edition was reprintedt with the oohsent of the pobllshers of that magasine, for a
few friends of the writer.

Gbkrn, BiUTDEL Abbott. The Seventy-Fifth Annual Report of the Boston
Dispensary, with the By-Laws, Act of IncorporatioUi etc. Prepared
by Samuel A. Green, M. D^, Superintendent. Central office, Cor. of
Ash and Bennet Streets. Boston, 1871.

8to. pp. 24.

Gbben, Samuel Abbott. Paul Lunt's Diary. May-December, 1775.
Edited by Samuel A. Green, M. D. Boston : For Private Distribution,
1872.

9vo, pp. 19.

Extoaets from this diary were read at the meetinR of theKassaohnsetts Hiatorioa
Society, Febnary 8, 1872, and it is published in fall in their Ptocedingt, YoL zil,
pp. 192-207.

A small edition was printed.

Gbben, Samuel Abbott. School Histories and Some Errors in Them. By
Samuel A. Green, M. p. Boston : For Private Distribution, 1872.

8ro, pp. 7.

This article originally appeared in Ths American EdtMUional Monthiy for
June, 1872 (VoL ix, pp. 249-253). A few copies were reprinted.

Grebn, Samuel Abbott. The Sanitary Condition nf Boston. The Report
of a Medical Commission, consisting of Chas. E. Buckingham, M. D.,
Calvin Ellis, M. D., Richard M. Hodges, M. D., Samuel A. Green, M. D.,
and Thomas B. Curtis, M. D., appointed by the Board of Health of the
City of Boston, to Investigate the Sanitary Condition of the City. Bos-
ton : Rockwell and Churchill, City Printers, No. 39 Arch Street, 1875.
Bro, pp. 199.

Green, Samuel Abbott. The Report of the Council of the American Anti-
quarian Society, made October 21, 1875, at Worcester. By Samuel A.
Green, M. D. Worcester : Charles Hamilton, Printer, Palladium OGioe,
1876.

8vo, pp.19.

Reprinted from the Proceedir^, October 21, 1875, pages 11-27.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Notice of M. Jean Fr^^ric de Waldeck. Read
before the Massachusetts Historical Society, October, 1876. By Samuel
A. Green, M. D.

8to, pp. 3.

Read at a meeting held October 12, 1876, and reprinted from the Proeeedingt, Vol.
zv, pages 9, 10.

Green, Samuel Abbott. An Account of Percival and Ellen Green and of
some of their Descendants. By Samuel Abbott Green. Privately
Printed. Groton, Massachusetts, 1876.

8vo, pp. 67.

S. Mi8. 170 17

258 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION,

Qreen, Samuel Abbott. A Copy of the Laws of Harvard College, 1655.
With an Introduction by Samuel A. Green, M. D . Cambridge : Press
of John Wilson and Son, 1876.
8to, pp. u.

Reprinted from the Proceeding* of the MoBtaehuittU HiitorietU Society, Feb-
ruary 10. 1876, Vol. XIV, pskgek 206-215.

Gbeex, Samuel Abbott. Proceedings of the Centennial Celebration at
Groton, Mass., July 4th, 1876, in Commemoration of the Destruc-
tion of the Town, M&reb, 1876, and the Declaration of Independence,
July 4, 1776. With an Oration by Samuel Abbott Green, M. D. Gro-
ton, 1876.

8vo. pp. xi, 4-89.

Grbbn, Samuel Abbott. An Historical Address, Bi-Centennial and Cen-
tennial. Deli vered July 4, 1876, at Groton, Massachusetts, by request of
the Citizens. By Samuel Abbott Green, a native of the town. Groton,
1876.

8vo, pp. 80. •

Green, Samuel Abbott. An Historical Address, Bi-Centennial and Cen-
tennial. Deliyered at Groton, Massachusetts, July 4, 1876, by request
of the Citizens. By Samuel Abbott Green, a native of the town. Second
Edition. Groton, 1876.

8vo, pp. 89. /•

Green, Samukl Abbott. A Brief Account of some of the Early Settlers of
Grotou, Massachusetts. Being the Appendix to ** Groton Epitaphs.''
By Samuel A. Green, M. D. Groton, 1878.

; 8vo, largo paper, pp. 28.

30 copies printed in this form.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Epitaphs from the Old Burying Ground in Gro-
ton, Massachusetts. With Notes and an Appendix. By Samuel A.
Green, M. D. Boston: Little, Brown, &, Company, 1878.
8vo, pp. XIX (1), 271, 4 plates.

Green, Samuel Abbott. An Account of the Early Land-Grants of Gro-
ton, M.ossachusetts. By Samuel A. Green, M. D. Groton, 1879.
8vo, pp.58 (1).

Green, Samuel Abbott. The Town Records of Groton, Massachusetts.
1662-1678. Edited By Samuel A. Green, M. 1^. Groton, 1879.

8vo, pp. 46.

Green, Samuel Abbott. An Historical Address delivered at Groton,
Massachusetts, February 20, 1880, by Request of the Citizens, at the
dedication of three Monuments erected by the Town. By Samuel Ab-
bott Greeu, a native of the town. Groton, 1880.

8vo, j>p. 56.

Green, Samuel Abbott. The Early Records of Groton, Massachusetts.
16()2-1707. Edited by Samuel A. Green, M. D. Groton, 1880.
8vo. pp. 200 (1). 2 plates.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Groton. By Samuel A. Green, M. D.

History of Middlesex (hunty, Massachusetts, By Samuel Adams Drake. VoL I,
Boston. Kass.. 4to, pp. 451-469.

Green, Samuel Abbott. A Centennial Address. By Samuel Abbott
Green, M. D., of Boston. Delivered in the Sanders Theatre, at Cam-
bridge, June 7, 1881.

Medical Oommunieations of the Massaehiuetts Medical Soeiety^ Vol. xUi BosioDa
1881. 8vo. pp. 513-6S7.

BIBLIOORAPHY— FOED. 259

GfiESN, Samukl Abbott. History of Medicine in Massachnsetto. ' A Cen-
tennial Address delivered before the Massachusetts Medical Society at
Cambridge, Jane 7, 1861. By Samuel Abbott Green, M. D. Boston :
A. Williams and Company, Old Corner Bookstore, 1681.

8vo, pp. 131.

A small edition of this addreu was priuted before its delivery, for the oonvenienoe
of the writer; thoagh in its present form some ohAnges have since been made. It
was delivered ^ the Sanders Theatre, when parts of it were necessarily omitted on
account of its length.

Green, Samuel Abbott. A Centennial Address delivered in the Santlers
Tlieatre, at Cambridge, June 7, 1681, before the Massachusetts Medical
Society. By Samuel Abbott Green, M. D. Groton : 1881.
8vo, pp. ii2.

This edition of the Address was printed before its delivery, for th6 oonrenience
of the writer; portions of it, however, were necessarily omitted in the reading. «

Green, Samuel Abbott. The Inaugural Address of Samuel Abbott Green,
Mayor of Boston, to the City Council, January 2, 1682. Boston : Rock-
well and Churchill, City Printers, No. 39 Arch Street, 1882.

8\o. pp. U.

Green, Samuel Abbott. The Inaugural Address of Samuel Abbott Green,
Mayor of Bostou, to the City Council, January 2, 1882. Boston : Rock-
well and Clmrchill, City Pri^^ters, No. 39 Arch Street, 18?2.

8vo. pp. 14, 13.

This edition contains the " Address of Charles £. Pratt, President of the Gom-
ftion Goancil."

GREEN, Samuel Abbott. Two Chapters in the Early History of Groton,
Massachusetts. By Samuel Abbott Green, M. D. Boston : Press of
David Clapp & Son, 1862.
Rvo, pp. 10.

RfepHnted from the Neio England Historical and Oeneaiogical Register for Janu-
ary and April, 1882. Vol. xxxvi, pp. 21-28, 167-173.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Groton in the Witohcraft Times. By Samuel
A. Green, M. D. Groton, Mass., 1883.
8vo, pp. 29.

Greex, Sa.v£UEL Abbott. Inscriptions on the Bronze Tablets recently
placed ou the Gates of the Older Burial Grounds in Bostou, Mas.sa(;hu-
setts. Prepared by Samuel A. Green. Cambridge: John Wilson &
Son, University Press, 1883.
8vo, pp. 8.

Kcprinted from the Proceedings of the Massaekusetts Historical Society, May 10,
1883. Vol. XX. pp. 209-213.

Green, Samuel Abbotf. Grotou during the Indian Wars. By Samuel
A. Green, M. D Groton, Mass., 18^.

8vo,pp.214.

Green, Samuel Abbott. [Poem of Qhief Justice Samuel Sewall, January

1, noi.]

8vo, p. 1.

Remarks made at a meeting of the Massachasetts Historical Society, January
10, 1884, and reprinted from the Proceedings, vol. i, second series, pp. 13, 14.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Au Historical Discanr8edjlivt3re.l before the First
Congregatioual Society iu Harvard, Massachusetts, October 22, 1662, by

260 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Seth Chandler. With an Appendix by Sftmael A. Green, M. D. Boston,
Ma88. : Geor};e £. Littlefield, Antiquarian Bookstore, 67 Cornhill,4884.
8vo, pp. 28.

Grrkn, Samuel Abbott. Notes on a Copy of Dr. Wm. Douglass's Al-
inauack for 1743, tonching on the Subject of Medicine in Massachusetts
before his time. By Samuel Abbott Groeu, M. D. Cambridge : John
Wilson and Sou, Uuiversity Press, 18^.

Svp, pp. 8. •

ReatI at a meetinfr of t^e MaiiHachasetto HintoriciU Society, hold February 14,
1884, and reprintecl from the Proceeding§, vol. n, seoond series, pp. 42-47

Grken, Samuel Abbott. Remarks on the Early Appearance of the North-
em Lights in New England. By Samuel Abbott Green, M. D. Cam-
bridge : John Wilson and Son, University Press, 1885.

8vo, pp. 7.

Remarks made at a meeting of the^ACaaeachasetts Historical Society held Jane
11, 1885, and reprinted from the Proceedings, vol. ll, second series, pp. 102-105.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Catalogue of the Groton Pablic Library at.Gro-
ton, Mass. Groton, 1885.
8vo, pp. 102.
Introd notion by Samuel A. Green, pp. 3-6.

Green, Samuel Abbott. TNo. 2. ] Weymouth HiHtorical Society. His-
torical Sketch of the Town of Weymouth, Massachusetts, from 16^ to
1884. Complied by Gilbert Nash. [Preface by S. A. Green, pp. v, vi. ]

8vo, pp. X, 346.

Published by the town of Weymouth under the auspices of the Weymouth His-
torical Society. 1885.

Green, Samuel Abbott. The Boundary Lines of Old Groton. By Samuel
A. Green, M. D, Groton, Mass., 1885.
8vo, pp. 105, 3 maps.
Edition, 200 copies.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Report to the Legislature of Massachusetts, •
made by the Commissioners appointed under Resolve, Chap. 60, 1884
[Henry B. Pierce, Samuel A. Green, Justin Winsor, William P. Upham,
Augustus E. Scott], upon the Condition of the Records, Files, Papers
and Documents in the Secretary's Department. January, 1885. Boston :•
Wright & Potter Printing Co., State Printers, 18 Post Office Square, ISa'x

8vo, pp. 42.

Green, Samuel Abbott. The Geography of Groton, Massachusetts. Pre-
pared for the use of the Members of The Appalachian [Mountain]
Club, oil a proposed visit to that town, Saturday, September 18, 1886.
By Samuel A. Green, M. D. Groton, 1886.

8vo, pp. 20.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Report of Hon. Samuel A. Green, General Agent,
pro tem. To the Trustees of the Peabody Education Fund.

8to, pp. 20.

This ^as made at the annual meeting, October 6, 1880, and was dated at Boston,
October 1, 1886.

Greek, Samuel Abbott. [ Mrs. Sarah ( Chaplin ) Rr ck wood's Recollections

of Colonel William Prescott.]
8vo, 1 p.

Remarks made at a meeting of the Massachnsettii Historical Society, held June
9, 1887. and reprinted ftom the Proceedings^ Vol. HI, second series, p. 320.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. • 261

Green, Samuel Abbott. Groton- Historical Seriea. k collection of papers
relatiDg to the history of the town of Groton, Massachusetts. By
Samuel Abbott Green, M. D. Vol. i. Groton, 18d7.
8vo, pp. Tili [502].

ThiA volnme oonaista of twenty pamphletn on Tsrioaa irabjects, separately paged,
that have been iMoed at different times dnring th6 preoeding three yean.

Grekx, Samuel Abbott. Report of Hon. Samuel A. Green, General Agent
pro tera. To the Trustees of the Peabody Education Fund.
8vo, pp. 28." ^

This was made at the annual meeting, October 5, 1886, and was dated at Boston,
October 1, 1887.

Green, Samuel Abbott. The Population of Groton at Different Times,
with some notes on the Provincial Census of 1765. A Paper read before
the Massachusetts Historical Society on May 10, 188H, and now Re-
printed from Prdceedings. By Samuel Abbott Green, M. D. Cam-
bridge : John Wilson and Son, University Press, 1888.

8to, pp. 8.

Reprinted from the Proceedings, voL iv. second series, pp. 136-140.

Green,' Samuel Abbott, Cougregational Churches in Nova Scotia. By
Samuel A. Green. [Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Massachu-
setts Historical Society, February, 1868.] Cambridge . John Wilson and
Son, University Press, 1888.

8vo, pp.9.

Read at a meeting held February 9, 1888^ and reprinted fW>m the Proeeedingt, toI.
IV, second series, pp. 07-73.

Gbebn, Hamuel Abbott. Hubbard's Map of New England, engraved
probably by John Foster, the firnt printer of Boston. Remarlss made
before the Maesaohnsetts Historical Society, November 6, 1888. By Sam-
uel Abbott Green, M. D., with a Fac-simile of the map. Cambridge:
John Wilson and Son, University Press, 1888.
8to, pp. 10, 1 plate.

The map is a lithographic copy, the same size as the original ' ' Wine Hills ' map.
made by the Heliotype Printing Company, Boston.

Green^ Samuel Abbott. Report of the Hon. Samuel A. Green, General
Agent pro tempore. To t4ie Trustees of the Peabody Education Fund.
8vo, pp. 24.

This was made at the annual meeting, October 3, 1888, and was dated at Boston,
October 3, 1888.

Green, Samuel Abbott. An Account of the Collections of the American
Statistical Association.
8to, pp. 4.

Reprinted from the PublieaHant of the American Statittieal Aseociation, Boston,
new series. No. 7, September, 1889, pp. 328-330.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Maverick's Account of New England.
8vo,p. 1.

Read-ata meeting of the Ma8sachusett» Historical Society, April 11, 1889, and re-
printed from the Proeeedingg, Vol. iv, second series, pp. 330, 337.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Remarks on a MS. Volume containing certain
Minutes of the Massachusetts General Court, 1749, 1750.
8vo, pp. 2.

Read at a meeting of the Massachnsetts Historical Society, November 14. 1889,
and reprinted ftrom tiie Proeeedingt, Vol. v, second series, pp. 114, US.

262 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

GiiEEN, Samuel Abbott, ^me lodian Names.

8vo, pp. 3.

Bemarlu made at a meeting of the MasaachaaettB Hiatorical Sooietj, Hay 0, 1889,
and reprinted fVom the Proeeedingi, VoL iv, second series, pp. 373, 374.

Greex^ Samuel Abbott. Joarnal.kept by Sergeant David Holden, of
Groton, Mass., dariftg the latter part of the French and Indian war,
Febraary ^-November 39, 1760. With Notes and an In trod action by
Samuel A. Green, M. D, Cambridge : John Wilson and Sou, University
Press, 1889.

8vo, pp.36w

Read at a meeting of the HasaachiMetts Historical Society, held Jane. 13, 1889.
and reprinted flrora the Proceedinffit Vol. iv, second series, pp. 384-409.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Note-Book kept by Qapt. Robert Keayno^ an
Early Settler of Boston. Remarks made before the Massachusetts His-
torical Society, March 14, 1889. By Samuel Abbott Green, M. D. Cam-
bridge: John Wilson and Son, University Press, 1889.

8vo, pp. 7.

Reprinted from the Proeeedingg, Vol. rv. second series, pp. 313-316.

Green, Samuel Abbott. Note- Book kept by the Rev. William Brins-
Diead, the First Minister of Marlborough. Mass. Remarks made before
the Mas8aohnsett« Hintorical Society, February 14, 1889. fiy Samnel
Abbott Green, M. D. Cambridge : John Wilson and Son, University
Press, 1889.

8vo. pp. 7.

Reprinted from the Proeeedingt, Vol. iv, second series, pp. 298-302.

Green, Samuel Abboti\ Remarks on Benjamin Tompson's Elegy on John
Woodmaucy and Ezekiel Cheever.
8vo. pp. 2, 1 pkkte.

Read at a meeting^ of the Masi«achtigetts Historical Society, October 10, 1889. and
reprinted from the Proceedingif Vol. v, second series, pp. 2, 3. The plate is a litho-
graphic copy of the elei^y, the same size as the original, made by the Heliotype
Printing Company, Boston.

Green, Samuel Swett. Gleanings from the Sources of the History of
the Second Parish, Woroester, Msssachusetts. From Proceedings of the
American Antiquarian Society, April 25, 1883. Woroester : Press of
Charles Hamilton, 311 Main street, 188^.
8vo. pp. 22, 3 illoBtrations.

Green, Samuel Swett. The use of the voluntary system in the mainte-
nance of ministers in the colonies of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay
during the earlier years of their existence. The historical portion
of the report of the council of the American Antiquarian Society, pre-
sented at the semi-annual meeting of the Society held in Boston, April
28, 1886. Worcester, Mass., U. S. A.: ^Press of Charles Hamilton, 311
Main street, 1886.
8vo. pp. 42.

Reviewed in iho Oongregattonalist b3' Rev. Henry Martyn Dexter, D. D., and
Unitarian Review, Vol. xxviii, July, 1887, pp. 20-^.

GsEEN, Samuel Swett. Public Libraries of Worcester. 1889.

8vo. pp 21.

100 copies.

Reprinted from Hiitory of Woreetter County, MauaehuteUt Compiled «inder
the supervision of D. Hamilton Hurd. The paper constituted Chapter CLXXlii of
that history.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 263

Griffis, WiLXiAM Elliot. The Recent Revolutions in Japan.

North AfMnean Iteview, April, 1875. YoL cxx, No. CCXLVU.

Gbiffis, Wiluam Elliot. Two Hnndred Yean of Church Life, 1680-
1880. HistoTicaiDisoouree delivered in the First Reformed Church of
Schenectady, N. Y., on the occasion of the Two Hundredth Anniver-

• sary, June 20, 1880. The Schenectady First Church Memorial,
Schenectady; N. Y. James H. Barhyte.

.■MM) copies of the Memorial printed ; 25 copies of the aermon separately.

Griffis, William Elliot. Corea, the Hermit Nation. I, Ancient and
Mediaeval History. 11, Political and Social Corea. Ill, Modern and
Recent History. New York : Charles Scribner's Sous, 1^82.
8vo, pp. 474, map and 23 plates.
Third edition, 18S9.

.Printed in all, 2.500 copies. \

Reviews of this book by the leading periodicals in the United States, Great
Britain, Japan, and China.

Griffis, William Elliot. Arendt Van Cnrler, First Superintendent of
Rensselaerwycb, Founder of Schenectady and of the Dotoh Policy of
Peace with the Iroqnois. A paper read before the Albany Institute,
November 18. 1884.

The Proeeedingt of the Albany Inttitute.
Separately printed, pamphlet 8vo, pp. 12.
500 copies.

The foiemnner of a volame, treating of Van Carter and the inflaence of Datoh
^ civilization in America, upon the formation of the Qovemment.

Griffis, Wiluam Elliot. Corea Without and Within. Chapters on
Corean History^ Manners, and Religion, with Hendrick Ho wePs Narra-
tive of Captivity and Travels in Corea. Annotated. • Philadelphia :
Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1885.

16mo, pp. 315, map and plates.

Second edition, 1889. 1,500 copies.

Griffis, William Elliot. The Rutgers Graduates in Japan. An Address
Delivered in Kirkpatrick Chapel, Rutger's College, June 16, 1885. Al-
bany : Weed, Parsons Sl Co., Printers, 1886.
8vo, pp. 32.
1,000 copies printed.

Contains besides the address, which gives a survey of the political movements
in Japan from 1808 to 1885, nine append icei* of personal, biblioc^aphioal, statistical,
and historical matter, explaininja^ how the Japanes*) students first came to America,
and especially to "Sew Brunswick, N.J.

Gbiffis, William Elliot. Asiatic History. China, Corea, Japan. Chaa-
tauqua Text- Books, No. 34. New York : Phillips apd Hunt.
24mo. pp. 88.

Griffis, William Elliot. Perry and the Battle of Lake Erie.

Harper'e Weekly, September 12, 1885.

Griffis, William Elliot. Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, A

Typical American Naval Officer.

Magazine o/ American History, May, 1885. Vol. xiii, No. 5.

Griffis, William Elliot. The Mikado's Empire. Book I, History of
Japan, from 660 B. C. to 1870 A. D. Book XX, Personal Experiences,
Observations, and Studies in Japan, 1870-1874. Supplementary ohap-

264 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

ters, Japan in 1883, and Japan in 1886. New York : Harper and BrcK
there, Pablishere, 1876.

8vo, pp. 857, 108 illafttantions, map.
Sixth edition. 1889. In all, 5,100 oopiM.

BeTiews in nearly all the leading pwiodicaU in the United States, and by aome in
Boropa, Japan, China, etc

Partially translated and republished in Japan. Has supplied scores of writers
and book-makers on Japan with material.

6RIFFI8, William Elliot. Manual and Directory of Shawmnt Congre-
gational Church. Historical Sketch. Boston, 1887.
8vo, pp. 6.
1,500 copies.

Okiffis, William Eluot. Matthew Calbraith Perry, A Typical Ameri-
can Naval Officer. Boston : Cupples and Hurd, 1887.
8vo, pp.450, 1 portrait, and 8 plates.
1,000 oopiM printed.

Generally reyiewed. See in Narratiw and Oritieal ffittory of Ameriea, Vol. vii,
p. 413. The Nation also minutely eritioised the subject of " flogging" in a review
of this book.
Obiffis, Willlam Eluot. Oar Treaties with Japan.
Aiidover Retfiew, Jane, 1888.

Griffis, William Elliot. Representative Government in Japan.

The Forum, Hay, 1889.

Also, articles in enoyclopiedias as follows: "China,*' ** Japan," "Corea,"and
other articles in (Lalor's) Oydopadia of Political tSdevice. "Japan "and other
articles relating to Japan in TJhe American Oyclopcedia. "Japan," in American
Supplement to Eneyelopcedia Brittaniea. Philadelphia: Hnbbard Brothers.
"Japan, Christianity in," Schaff-Htnog EncyclopcBdia cf Bdigioua Knowledge.
New York: Funk & Wagnalla. "Corea," "Japan," articles in Concite Diction-
ary of ReUgiout Knowledge, New Tork. 1889. "Japan," Supplement to MeCKn-
tock and Strong's Biblical JBncyclopcedta. "Corea," "Japan," articles in Apple-
ton*t Annual Oyelopadia, 1884-1888. Articles in American Biography, in Apple-
ton' e Oydopcedia of American Biography. * ' Japanese Buddhism, ' ' The IndependeiU,
April 5, 1888. "The Corean Origin of Japanese Art," The Century Magazine,
illustrated.
Gross, Charles. Gilda Mercatoria. Bin Beitrag znr Gesohichte der
Englischen Stadteverfassung. Gdttingen : Denerlich, 18t53.

8vo, pp. vi, 109.

Gross, Charles. The Affiliation of Mediseval Boroughs. London : Elliot
Stock, 1885.

4to, pp. 10.^

The Antiquary, Vol*. XI, 1885.

50 copies reprinted from the Antiquary.

Gross, Charles. La Hanse Anglaise. ^

Revue Hittorique, Vol. xxxin, pp. 996-908.

Gross, Charles. The Exchequer of the Jews of England in the Middle
Ages. London : Office of Jewish Chronicle.
8yo, pp. 63.
Hadley, Arthur Twining. Railroad Transportation : its History and its
Laws. New York and London : G. P. Patnam's Sons, 1885.
lOmo, pp. vi, 269.

Hadlet, Arthur Twining. Le Transport par les Chemins de Fer : His-
toire — Legislation. Tradnit par A. Baffalovich et L. Gn^rin. Paris:
Gttillaniuin et C^ 1887.
ISmo, pp. xvii, 89L

BIBLIOaBAPHY — ^FOKD. 265

Halb, Edward Evbrett, Jr., Joint anthor. Franklin in France. From
Original Docaments, most of whiob are now published fdr the first
time. By Edward £. Hale and Edward E. Hale, jr. Boston : Roberts
Brothers, 1887.

8to, pp. 478, portraita, etQ. Second Period, 1888. 8vo, pp. 470, portniU.eto.

Hale, George Silsbse. Blockade of the Southern Ports in the American
Civil War.

London Law Timet, Deoemlier 28, 1861.

Hale, George Silsdbe. American Secession and State Rights.

London Lato Magazine and Law Rnietp, Febmary, 1864.

Hale, George Siusbee. Origin and History of Seals as a mode of Anthen-
ticating Documents.

American Law Review, Jaly, 1867.

Hale, George Silsbee. Memoir of dhief Justice Joel Parker.
American Law JUmew, Janaary, 1876.

Hale, George Siiabbb. Memoir of Justice Theron Metoalf.

Proeeedinge of the MaeeaehueetU JSietorical Society, 1875-76.

Hale, George Silsbee. Report of Commission on the Treatment of. the

Poor in Boston, 1878.
Hale, George Siusbee. The Charities of Boston, and Contributions to

the Distressed of other Parte. ,

In Memorial Hietory of Boeton, Chapter xm.

Hale, George Silsbee. Notice of Hon. Salma Hale.
AppUUni'e OyUopcedia of Amenean Biography, Vol. vi.

Hale, George Silsbee. Memorial of Sarah K. Hibbard, containing no-
tice by Hon. Charles Bell of her collection of autographs and historical
papers.

Privately printed. 1883.

Also co-editor Boeton Monthly Law Reporter, 1853-'56, and co-editor U. 8. THgeet
185^*59.

Harby, Lee C. The Old Stone Fort at Nacogdoches.

The American Magazine, VoL vil, No. 6, April, 1888, pp. 721-725. Bliutrated.
This was translated into Spaniah and repablished in a Rio Janeiro (Braail) paper.

Harby, Lre C. The City of a Prince.

The Magazine cif American Hietory, VoL xx, Nos. 4 and 5, October and November,
1888, pp. 257-280 and 345-^67. Illptrated.

Reviewed in New Tort Critic, October 7, October 13, November 10. 1888 ; Botton
Traneeript ; Boeton Star , The Nation, of New York ; The Chicago Inter- Ooean ,- Oal-
vetton (Tex.) Newe ; Houston (Tex.) Poet, and in other papers.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. Analysis and References to History 13. Cam-
bridge, 1883-»84.

12mo, pp. 90.

Outline of the oonrae in constitutional and political history of the United States
at Harvard College, 188S-'84.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. The Coerciye Powers cf the United States Gov-
ernment. Part III. Eisenach, 1885.
8vo.
Part of thesis for the degree of Ph. D. at Freibnrg, 1883. No morci printed.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. Outline of the Coarse in Constitntional and
Political History of the United States, given at Harvard College in the
academic year 1884-^85. Cambridge, 1884-^85.
Itaio, pp. 100.

266 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Habt, Ajlheut Busiinell. Methods of 'Teaching American Hiatory.

l2mo, pp. 30.

Id Methods of Teaching History. Edited by G. Stanley Hall. Tk>stou: Qinn A
Heath, 1885. Second c^dition.

Habt, Albert Bushnell. Outline map of the United States. With Ed-
ward Chanuing. Boston: O. C. HeatU, 18^.
Slse, 89 inched by 48 inches.

latoed in fonraheetA for use in claas-roonifi. Contains no lettering, but the pres-
ent State and Territorial buaudai'ies are indicated.

Hart, Albert Bushxell. Ontline of the Coarse in Constitutional and
Political History of the United States (1784-1861), given at Harvard
College in the Academic Year 18ti5-'86. PaH)s I and II. Boston and
Cambridge, 1885-'d6.
8vo, pp. 202.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. Topioa? Ontline of the Coarse in History of
the North American Colonies and their Growth into a Federal Union
(1492-1789), given at Harvard College in the Academic Year ldc5-'o6.
Cambridge, 1885-'86.

12uio, pp. 165.

Limited edition ; prepared for class use.

Hart, Albert BushxEll. Smaller outline map of the United States.
With Edward Channiug. Boston, 188G.

10 inches by 12 inches. ^

lB«aed for class use. Contains no lettering except sone names of rivers.

Hart, Albert Bushxell. What do we know about John Harvard t

Harvard Monthly, April, 1886, II, pp. 43-57.

Includes transcripts of all known refoi-ences to John Harvard In conlempijrary
hterature.

Hart, Albert Bushkell. Topical Ontline of the Coart^es in Constitutional
and Political History of the United States, given at Harvard College
in the Academic Year 188ey-'87. Part I. (1783-1829). Part II. (.1829-
1861). Cambridge : Wheeler, 1886, 1887.
8vo, pp. 258.

Hart. Albert Bushnell. The Work of Students in the Conrses in the

History of the United States. History 13, 17, and 20 (d). To be given

at Harvard College in the Academic Year 1887-*88. Cambridge: W.

H. Wheeler, Printer, 1887.

pp. 42.

Second edition, year 1888-*89, sabstantially the same.

Contains two lists of general readings, and other matter.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. Map showing the Territorial Growth of the
United States. New York : Pnblished by Photo-Gravure Co., 1887.
Inoladed in Edward Atkinson's chart, showing the economic condition of the
United States, prepared for the New York Life Insorance Ca

Hart, Albert Bushnell. A list of General Readings in the History of
the United States.

Academy (Syraoase), November, 1887, ll, 367-^71. «

Hart, Albert Bushnell. History in High and Preparatory Schools, 1887.
Syracuse : Geo. A. Bacon, 1887.

pp.22.

Reprinted from the Academy, September and October, 1887.

Based on answers to a set of questions sent to principals and teachers.

BIBUOGSAPHY — FOBD, 267

Hart, Albkrt BusaNicLL. HiBtory in HiKh and PtepsuUktoij Schools. I.
How History is Taaght.

Ac(tdemy (SyracoMK September. 1887, u. 26S>265.

Hart, Albert Bushnsll. History io Hi^b and Preparatory Schools.
How History, may be Taught. ^

Academy (Syracuse), October. 1887, pp. 30^-315.

Hart, Albbrt Bushneix. The Fourth Estate of the.. Cbngreas of the
United States.

OivQ Service Record, March, 1887, n, p. 7L

A brief discussion of the fauctions of the Speaker.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. The Disposition of our Public lyands.
Quarterly JourtuU oj Economies, January, 1887, i, 169-183, 261-254.
Includes a table, compile<l from official sources, showing the status of the pab-
lie lands from 1781 to 1883.

Hart, Albert BasHNSLL. A Brief List of the General Readings in the His-
tory of the United States.

Academy (Syriicase), May, 1887, u, 158-1(J0.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. The Biography of a Biver and Harbor Bill ;
paper read before the Amesican Historical Association and the Amer-
ican EcoDomic Association, Majr 24, 1887.

Magetxine of American Hietory, July, 1887, xvin, 52-64.

Reprinted with revisions, in the Papen of the American Hittorieai Auociatten.
YoLui, pp. 180-196.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. Beyiew of ''American Statesmen. Patrick
Henry. By Moses Coit Tyler."

Politieal Science Quarterly, December, 1887, li, pp.68&-69C.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. Topical Outline of the Course in Constitutional
* and Political History of the United States, given at Harvard College
in the Academic Year 1887-'88. Part II (1783-1829). Part III (1329-
1861). Cambridge, 1887, 1888.

8vo, pp. 266.

Hart, Albbr^ Bushnell (with Davis R. Dewey and others). Massachu-
setts Society for Promoting Grood Citizenship. Report of the Commit*
tee upon Courses of Reading and Study on Works on Civil Government.

Boston : Published by the Society, 1888.
8yo, pp. 23.

Hart, Albert Bushnell (with Davis R. Dewey and others). Massa-
chusetts Society for Promoting Good Citizenship. Report of the Com-
mittee upon Courses of Reading and Study at the annual meeting, May
28, 1888.

Boeton Poet, Ifay 20, 1888.

Reprinted in "Report on Civil Governirent," NoTember 10, below.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. Preparation for Citizenship. I. At Harvard

College.

Education, June, 1888, viii, pp. 63<MS38.

An account of the work of tiie College in political science and kindred studies.

Hart, Albert Bushnell. The Work of Students in the courses in the
History of the United States. History 13, 17, and 20 (d). To be given
at Harvard College in the Academic Year 1889-^90. Cambridge:
William H. Wheeler, Printer, 1889.

8vo, pp. 46.

268 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

« *

Habt, Cuarkbb Henry. Remarks on Tabasco, Mexico. Occasioned by
the reported discovery of Remains oC Ancient Cities being foand in
that locality. A paper read before th^ Knmismatic and Antiquarian
Society of Philadelphia, Thursday evening April 5, 1666. By Charles
Henry Hart, Corresponding Secretary. Philadelphia : Henry B. Ash-
mead, Book and Job Printer, 1867.*
670, pp. 12.

Hart, Oh arlks Henry. A Historical Sketch of the National Medals issned
porsuant to Resolution of Congress, 1776-1815. A paper read before
the Nnmismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, Thurs-
day evenings, November 1 and 15, 186G. By Charles Henry Hart,
Corresponding Secretary. Philadelphia: Henry B. Ashmead, Book
and Job Printer, 1867.

8VO, pp. 24.

Hart, Charles Henry. Memoir of William Hickling Prescott, Histo-
rian of Spain, Mexico, aud Pern. By Charles Henry Hart. Boston :
David Clapp 6l Sons, Printers, 1868.
8vo, pp. 13. Portrait.

Reprinted £rom the New England HUioHeal and Chnemlogieal Reporter for July,
1868.
60 copies.

Hart, Charles Henry. A Biograghical Sketch of His Excellency 'Abra-
ham Lincoln, late President of the United States. By Charles Henry
Hart, LL. B., author of *^ Memoir of Presoott ; " ** Historical Sketch of
National Medals ; '^ *^ Remarks on Tabasco, Mexico,'' etc. Albany : Joel
Mnnsell, 1870.

8vo, pp. 21.

Reprinted from Introdnction to liibliographia Lineolniana. ,

Hart, Charles Hknry. A Discourse on the Life and Services of the late
Gulian Crommelio Verplanck, LL.D. Delivered before the Nnmis-
matic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia on the evening of May
5, 1870. By Charles Henry Hart, Historiographer of the Society and
correspouding member of the New York Genealogical and Biograph-
ical Society, The New England Historic-Genealogical Society, Th»
Long Island Historical Society, The Maine Historical Society, etc.
New York, 1870.

Reprinted from the New York Oenealogieal and Bioffraphieal Record for Oetober,
1870.

4 to, pp. 20. «

60 copies.

Hart, Charles Henry. A Tribnte to the Memory of Hon. William Wil-
lis, LL. D., of Portland, Maine.- Read before the Nnmismatic and
Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia at its 'stated meeting, Thursday
evening, March 3, 1870. By Charles Henry Hart, Historiographer of

the Society. Philadelphia, 1870.
8vo, pp. 8.

Hart, Charles Hbnry. A Necrological Notice of the Hon. Richard
Stockton Field, LL. D., of Princeton, New Jersey. Read before the
Nnmismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, Ut its regular
monthly meeting, Thursday evening, October 6, 1870. By •Charles
Henry Hart, LL. B., Historiographer of the Society. Philadelphia^ 1870.

Bvo, pp. 10.
100 copies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FCiBD. 269

Hart, Chajrlxs Henry. Bibllographla LincolDiana: An acoonnt of the
pnbliofttiouB occoaioned by the death of Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth
President of the United States of America. Being a Bibliographical
Catalogue of all sermons, eulogies, orations, etc.,deliTered at the time.
With notes and an introduction by Charles Henry Hart, LL. B.,
Historiographer of the Nnmismatio and Antiquarian Soi^iety of Phila-
delphia, and corresponding member of the New England Historic-
Genealogical Society, The Maine Historical Society, The Long Island
Historical Society,, etc. Albany, N. Y. : Joel Munsell, 1870.
Boyal 8to, pp. 86.
25 oopies.

ThiB work contains a featara never known to have been before Introdnced into
abiblioKraphical treatise— the statement appended to each title of the nomber of
copies printed. It took five years to compile this bibliogniphy,- and about twelve
hundred letters were written in the prosecution of the work.

Hart, Charles Henry. Memoir of George Ticknor, Historian of Spanish
Literature. By Charles Henry Hart, LL. B., Author of '^ Memoir of
William Hickliug Prescott," and Historiographer of the Nnmismatio
and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, etc. Read before the Numis-
matic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, May 4, 1871. Phila-
delphia : Collins, Printer, 705 Jayne street, 1871.

Royal 8vo, pp. 24.

250 copies.

Hart, Charles Henry. Robert Morris, the Flnauvier of the American
Revolution. A Sketch by Charles Henry Hart. Philadelphia, 1877.
Sto, pp. 15.

Reprinted from Pennsylvania Magaxine of Hittory and Biography.
100 copies.

Hart, Charles Henry.. Memoir of the Life and Services of Col. John
Nixon. -Prepared at the request of the Committee on the Restoration
of Independence Hall for *Ube National Centennial Commemoration" of
July 'Z, 1776, and presented at the meeting in Independence Chamber,
Satufday, July I, 1876. By Charles Henry Hart. Philadelphia, 1877.
8vo, pp. 19. Portrait.
Keprintcd from Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography.

Hart, Charles Henry. Mary White— Mrs. Robert Morris. An address
delivered by request at Sophia^s Dairy, near Perry mansvi He, Harford
Co., Maryland, June 7th, 187/, on the occasion of the reinterment of
the remains of Colonel Thomas White before a Reunion of bis De-
scendants—Halln, Whites, Morrises. By Charles Henry Hart. Phila-
delphia, 1878.

Royal 8vo, pp. 32. Portrait.

100 copies.

Hart, Charles Hknry. The Stuart Exhibition at the Musenm of Fine
Arts, Boston.

Afnerican Arf Revieir, Boston. Septcmlier, 18R0, Vol. I. 4to, pp. 48^-487.
Portraite of Gilbert Stnart and Mra. NickliD after 8taart.

Hart, Charlbs Henry. Washington Portraits. Review of Baker's en-
graved portraits of Washington.

American Art Review. Boston, May, 1880, 4to, pp. 314-315.

Hart, Charles Henry. The Life and Works of Gifbert Stuart. By
George C. Mason. A Review.

American Art Review, Boaton, March, 1880, Vol. i, 4to, pp. 210-232.

270 AMKRICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

HArTy Charles Henry. Memoir of Samnel Stehm^n Haldeman, LL. D.^
Professor of Comparative Philology in tbe University of Pennsylvania.
By Charles Henry Hart^ Historiographer of tbe Nnniismatic and Anti-
quarian Society of Philadelphia, life member of the Academy of Natn-
ral Sciences of Philadelphia, corresponding member of the Massaohn-
setts Hiaiorical Society, etc. With appendix. Philadelphia, 1681.

8vo,pp. 26. '

Reprinted from Penn Monthly for Aaguat, 1861.
100 copies.

Hart, Charles Henry. Tbe Namismatic and Antiquarian Society of
Philadelphia. Necrology for 1880. Joel Muusell, Samnel Greene Ar-
nold, James Lenox, Samnel Agnew, Saopuel Stebman Haldeman, James
Grier Ralston. By Charles Henry Hart, Historiographer. Philadel-
phia, 1881.

8ro, pp. 12.

Reprinted from the Proeeedingt for 1880.

100 copies.

Hart, Charles Henry. A Discourse commemorative of the Life and Ser-
vices of the late William Beach Lawrence, pronounced before tbe Nu-
mismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, on Thursday even-
ing, May 5, 1881. By Charles Henry Hart, Historiographer of the
Society and corresponding member of the Ma.ssaohusett'S Historical
Society, Maryland Historical Society, Maine Historical Society, Long
Island Historical Society, Buffalo Historical Society, New England
Historic-Genealogical Society, New York Genealogical and Biograph-
ical Society, Essex Institute, Salem, MasHacbn setts, and Honorary
Member of tbe New Jersey Historical Society. Pliiladelpbia, 1881.

8vo, pp. 18.

Reprinted from Penn Monthly for June, 1881.

100 copies.

Hart, Charles Henrt. The Numismatic aud Antiquarian Sooiety of
Philadelphia. Necrology for 1881. Robert Smith Swords, William
Beach Lawrence, John Gorbam Palfrey, Joseph Sabin, Ferdinand
Keller, Eugene Anthony Vetromile, Samuel Fost^sr Haven, Edwin
Augustine Dairy mple. By Charles Henry Hart, Historiographer.
Philadelphia, 1882.

8vo, pp. 19.

Reprinted from the Proeeedingt for 1881.

100 copies.

Hart, Charles Henry. Washington Portraits. Review of ** Original
Portraits of Washington." By Elizabeth Bryant Johnston.
American Architect and Building Ne^os, Boston, Vol. xi, June 10, 1882.
Folio, pp. 267-288.

Hart, Charles Henry. The Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of
Philadelphia. Necrology for 1882. Lewis H. Mor^au, Neils Fredericlc
Bernbard de Sebested, George Smith, Elisba Reynolds Putter, Horace
Maynard, William Sansom Vaux, Henry Cruse Murphy. By Charles
Henry Hart, Historiographer. Philadelphia, 1883.

8vo, pp.20^

Repnntefl from the Proceeding* for 1882.

100 copies.

BIBLIOGRAPHT — FORD. 271

Hart, Charlbs Henrt. Bibliographia Webstenana. A list of the pub-
lications occasioned by the death of Daniel Webster. Compiled bj
Charles Henry Hart, author of Bibliographia Linoolniana, etc.

4to, pp.4.

Extract from BuOeHn of OwMereantUe Library, Philadelphia, July, 1883.

25oopiM.

Hart, Charlbs Henrt. Memoir of Lewis H. Morgan, .x>f Rochester, N. Y.
Read before the Namismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia,
Thursday Evening, May 4th, 1882. By Charles Henry Hart, Historio-
grapher of the Society and Corresponding Member of the Historical
Societies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine, New Jersey, Mary-
land, Virginia, Essex Institute, New England Historic-Genealogical
Society. Philadelphia, 1883.

Svo, pp. 12.

Reprinted from the Proceedings for 1882.

50 oopiee.

Hartj Charles Henry. Memoir of Qeorge Sharswood, late Chief-Jnstice
of the Snpreme Court of Peimsylvania. By Charles Henry Hart of the
Philadelphia Bar. Read before the Numismatic and Antiquarian
Society of Philadelphia, January 3d, 1884. • Philadelphia, 1884.

SvOf pp. 10.

Reprinted ^rom the Proeeedinge for 1883.

50 copies.

Hart, Charles Henry. The Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of
Philadelphia. Necrology for 1883. Charles Perrin Smith, Lucius
Quintius Cincinnatus Elmer, George Sharswood. By Charles Henry
Hart, Historiographer. Philadelphia, 1884.

8vo, pp. 17.

Reprinted from the Proceedings for 1883.
, 100 oopies.
Hart, Charles Henry. Necrological Notice of the Hon. L. Q. C. Elmer,
LL. D., of New Jersey. By Charles Henry Hart, Htstoriographor of
the Numismatic and Antiquarian l^ciety of Philadelphia. Philadel-
phia, 1884.

Svo, pp. 7.

Reprinted from the Proceedings for 1883.

50 copies.

Hart, Charles Henry. Article on Philadelphia.

Encyelopiedia Britannica, Vol. xvm, pp. 73S>741, Edinbargh, 1885.

Hart, CuAitLES Henry. Original Portraits of Washington.

Century TUuslrated Monthly Magazine, Vol. xxxvil.^No. S, April, 1880, pp. 8(XM65,
illnstrated.

Hart, Charles Henry. Notice of a Portrai t of Washington. By Charles

Henry Hart.

From Historical Collections of t^e Essex luxstituie, Vol. xvi, pp. 161-165.

Hart, Charles Henry. Article on Gilbert Stuart.

Ensydopeedia Britansiica.

Hart, Samuel. Bishop Seabury's Communion- Office. Reprinted in fac-
simile, with an historical sketch and notes. By the Key. Samuel Hart,
M. A., Professor in Triuity College, Hartford. New York : T. Whitta-
ker, No. ^ Bible Honse, 1874.

12mo, pp. 66. Second edition, revised. New York, 1883, 12mo, pp. 72.

272 AMERICAN HISTOJilCAL ASSOCIATION.

Hart, Samuel. Historical Skeich of Trinity College. Annaal report of
the Board of Edacation of the State of Connecticut, 1876.

Bro. pp. 62-70.

Also, article on Trinity College in American Supplement to JSneyelopadia BtiUu^
nioa. and article on Trinity College in Neut England, Magazine,

Habt, Samuel. Diocese of Conneoticnt.

Church OudcptBdia, pp. 16d-174. A Dictionary of Chnroh Doctrine, History,
Organization, and Bitnal. Edited by Bey. A. A. Benton, K. A. Philadelphia, 1884.

Hart, Samuel. Office of Commauion (Holy).

Ohureh Offclopadia, pp. 168-166. A Dictionary of Chnroh Doctrine, JLiatory,
Organization, and Bitnal. Edited by Bev. A. A. Benton, M. A. Philadelphia, 1884.

Hart, Samuel. Officeof Baptism (Holy).

Ohurek Oyclopcedia, pp. 88-00. A Dictionary of Ghvrch Doctrine, History, Organ-
ization, and Bitnal. Edited by Ber. A. A. Benton, M. A. Philadelphia, 1884.

Hart, Samuel. The American Prayer- Book.

Church Cydop^edia, pp. 605-607. A Dictionary of Church Doctrine, History,
Organization, and BitnaL Edited by Bev. A. A. Benton, M. A. Philadelphia, 1884.

Hart, Samuel. Monograph on the Seabnrys : Missionary, Bishop, Priest,
Professoi*.

Hietory of the American Eptseopal Church, 1587-1883. By William Stevens Perry,
D. D. . LL. D. Boston, 1885. Vol. n, pp. 437^58.

Hart, Samuel. Article on Trinity College, in Monograph VII.

HivUnry of the American Epiecopal Church, 1587-1883. By William SteTens Perry.
D. D., LL. D. Boston, 1885. VoL il, pp. 538-540.

Hart, Samuel. Monograph on Trinity College. By Samnel Hart, Pro-
fessor in Trinity College.

Jfemorval Hietory of Hartford County, ConneetieuL

Hart, Samuel, Lists of Ordinations and of Clergymen Deceased, in the
Diocese of Conneoticnt to Jnly 1, 1886.

Journal of the Convention of the JHoeeee of Conneetieui^ 1886.
Aleo published eeparately, 8vo, pp. 24. ,

Hart, Samuel. Address on the History of the Early Settlement of Say-
brook, donnecticut. By the Rev. Samnel Hart, D. D., Professor in
Trinity College, Hartford.
8to, pp. 8-20.

Saybrook'e Quctdrimittenial Commem/oration of the 250tft Annvoereary of the ASMtle-
ment of Sayhrook, Conn., Korember 27, 1885. Hartford, 1886.

Hart, Samukl. Monograph on the American Prayer Book. * By the Rev.
Samnel Hart, D. D., Custodian of the Standard Book of Common
Prayer.

]2mo, pp. xxiii.

Annotated Book of Common Prayer. Edited by the Ber. John Henry Blunt, D. D.
Compendious edition. "New York, 1888.

Hassam, John Tyler. The Hassam Family. Boston : David Clapp A.
Son, 1870.
8vo. pp. 10.
Privately printed.
Edition, 100 copiee.

Beprinted from Ifew England Hittorical and Qenealogieal Begiiter for Oetober,
1870. XXIV, 414. ^

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^FORD. * 273

Hassam, John Tyler. Some of the Descendanta of William Hilton . Bos-
ton : David Clapp & Son, 1877«
Sro, pp. 18, 1 plAte.
Privstely printed.

Sdition, 100 copies. *

Seprinted from New England Hiatorieal and Oeneatogical Regitterfur April. 1877,
XXXI, 179.
Hassam, Joed7 Ttler. Ezekiel Cfaeever and some of bis Descendants.
Boston : David Clapp & Son, 1879.

8vo, pp. (4) 64, 1 plate, i fAo-siinile title pa^M, 3 fko^eimile autographs.
Prirately prioted.
Bditioii,100 copies.

Beprinted (with additions) from the New England Hiatorieal and Genealogical
Renter for April 1870, xxxm, 164.

Hassam, John Tyler. Boston Taverns, with some Suggestions on the
Proper Mode of Indexing the Public Records. 3oston : David Clapp
Sf, Son, 1860.
8^0, pp. 14.
Privately printed.
Edition, 100 copies.

ReprintM &om New England Hitterical and OeneaXogieal Begitter for July,
1877, XXXI, 329; October, 1879, xxxm, 400; January, 1880, xxxiv. 41.

Hassam, John- Tyler. Notes and Queries concerning the Hassam and
Hilton Families. Boston: David Clapp d&. Son, 1880.
8vo, pp. 12, 6 fao^simile aatographs.
PrlTately printed.
Edition, 100 copies.

Hassam, John Tyler. Early Suffolk Deeds. Boston : David Clapp A,
Son, 1881.

8^o, pp. (4) 17. '

Privately printed.
Edition, 100 copies.

Reprinted (with additions) from New England HitUrieat and Oeneaiogieal Regie-
Ur for April 1878, ,xxxu, 181. aad July, 1881, xxxv, 248.

Hassam, John Tyler. The Dover Settlement and the Hiltons. Boston :

David Clapp &, Son, 1882.

8vo, pp 0, 6 fSac-simile aatographs.
Privately printed.
Edition, 100 copies.

Beprinted from New England Hitterical and Qenealegieal Regieter for Jannary,
1882, xxxvi. 40.
Hassam, John Tyler. Bartholomew and Richard Cheever and some of
their Descendants. Boston : David Clapp & Son, 1882.
8vo, pp. 11, 4 fftc-simile autographs.
Privately printed.
Edition, 100 copies.

Beprinted fit>m New England Hietorieal and Chnealogieal Regieter for July,
1882, XXXVI, 305.

Hassam, John Tyler. The Facilities for Genealogical Research in the
Registries of Probate in Boston and London. Boston : David Clapp &,
Son, 1884.
8vo, pp.4.
Privately printed.
Edition, 100 copies.

Beprinted firom New England Hittorieal and Geneal^gieai Regieter for April,
1884. xxxvm, lai.

B. Mis. 170 18

274 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Hassam, John Ttler. Ezekiel Cheever and some of his Deecendants.
Part Second. Boston: David Clapp &, Son, 1884.
Bvo, ^p. 28, 6 fao-simile antographs.
Privately printed.
Edition, 100 copiee.
' Reprinted from Ifew England Hittarieal and GtneaXogieal SegisUr for April,

1884, XXXVIII. 170.
Hassam, John Tyler. Ezekiel Cheever. Additional Notes. Boston :
David Clapp & Son, 1887.
8vo, pp. 6.
Privately printed.
Edition, 100 oopiea.

Reprinted from New England BUtoricaland Oenealogieal Regiaier for January,
1887, XL1, 65.

Hassam, John Tyler. The Hassam Family. Additional Notes«. Boston :
David Clapp & Son, 1689.
8vo, pp. 4.
Privately printed.
Edition, 100 copies.

Reprinted from New England HisloriecA and Genealogical ItegUter for JTnly,
1889. XUTI. 320. •

Haupt, Paul Hermann Hugo. Keilschrifttexte der kleineren Achame-
nideninschriften antographirt von Paul Hanpt. Appendix to '' Die
Achamenideninschrifteu, Transcription des baby Ion ischen Textes, nebat
tTbersetzung, textkritischen Anmerkangen und einem WSrter- nnd
Eigennamenverzeichnisse von Dr. Carl Bezold, mit dem Keilsohrlft-
texte der kleineren Achamenideninscbriften antographirt von Paul
Hanpt." Leipzig: J. C. Hinriohs' sche Bnchhandlung, 1882.
4to, pp. 80-06, 16 platea.

Contains the cnneiform text of the Babylonian version of the smaller historical
inscriptions of the Aohaemenlan kinics— Cyms, Darius, Xerxes, Artaxerxes I,
Artaxerxes Mnemon.

Haupt, Paul Hermann Hugo. Der agyptlsche Feldzug des Assnr-banl-
pal. Nachdem zehnseitigen Cylinder (R m i) des British Mnsenm Col.
I, 1. 52-114 nnd Brucbsttioken von Daplicaten desselben. Vbersetzt
von Paul Haapt.

Zeitschrift ftir Xgyptische Sprache und Altertfaumsknnde herausgegeben von
C. R. Lepsius, xxi, Jabrg., Zwoites Heft, August, 1883, 4to, pp. 85-87.

Contains a transliteration and translation of the cnneiform account of the first
Egyptian campaign undertaken by the Assyrian king Assurbanipal, the Sap8«v«-
TaXXot of the Greeks, about 667 B. C.

Haupt, Paul Hermann Hugo. The Babylonian ^'Woman's Language."

The American Journal ofPhiMogy, Vol. v, Baltimore, 1884, 8vo, pp. 68-M.

Contains a critical review of Dr. Fritz Hommel's theory concerning Snmer and
Accad, including (on p. 75) a list of the geographical names mentioned in Sumerian
^ and Accadian texts.

Abstract in Johnt Hopkin* Vnioertity Oimilars, Vol. ni, No. 29, Baltimore,
March, 1884.

Haupt, Paul Hermann Hugo. The Language of Nimrod, the Rashite.

Andover Boview for July, 1884, pp. 88-98, 8vo, 200 reprints.

Contains a review of Professor Friedrich Delitsach's book on the Cossaeans
(Leipsic, 1884).

Haupt, Paul Hermann Hugo. WAteh-Ben-Hazael, Prince of the Keda-
renes, about 650 B. C. By Paul Haupt, Ph. D., Professor of Assyri-
ology in the University of Goettingen, and Professor of the Bhemitic

BIBLIOORAPHY— FORD.

275

Languages in tlie Johns Hopkins Uniyersity, Baltimore. Reprinted
from ''Hebraica/' Vol. I, No. 4. Chicago: The American Publication
Society of Hebrew, Morgan Park, HI., 1H%.

Sro, pp. 15,^100 reprints.

Contains a oommentary on the cnneifonn aeoonnt of the ponithment whioh Sar-
danapaloa inflicted on the Arabian sheikh WAteh, the son of Hazael.

Haupt, Paul Hermann Hugo. The Battle of Ha}aie, 691 B. C.

The Andaoer Rwiew, May, 1886. Vol. v, pp; 542-547, 8vo.

Contains an liiatiNrical slcetoh of Sennacherib's campaigns against Southern Bab-
ylonia and Elam, followed by a translation of the cuneiform account of the Battle
of Halftle (where the great league of Babylonians, Slamites, and Anune^ nomadic
tribes, brought together by the rebel Shfiznb of Babylon, was completely destroyed
by Sennacherib), fw given in coli|. ▼ and vi of the so-called "Taylor cylinder,"
(IB. 41. 5-42, 24).

Haupt, Paul Hkrmann Hugo. Dec arabische Feidzng Sardanapal%
Konigs Ton Assyrien 668-^*26 v. Cbr., nach dom V. R. 7, 82-10, 5 ver-
offentliohten keilsohriftlichen Berichte auf dem im Nordpalaste zn
Kt^nndschik Von Hormuzd Rassam anfgefandenen zehnseitigen Thon-
prisma R m. 1. Etudes wrMologique», linguiBtiquei et hiaiariqHeaj d^di^es
j^ Mr. le Dr. C. Leemanns h I'occasion du cinqoauti^me anulversaire de
sa nominadon anz fonotions de Directear da Hns^ arch^ologiqae
des Pays-Pas. X.eide: K. J. Brill, 1885.

folio, pp. 13^142.

Contains a translation of the cuneiform account of Sardanapidus's Arabian cam*
paign.

Haupt, Paul Hermann Hugo. Der keilschriftliohe Name des Relohs von
Damask us.

ZeUtehriJt/ur Attyriologie und verwandU Oefriete, Zweiter Band. Leipzig, 1887,
8ro, pp. 321-322 (cf. ibid. , p. 452) .

Gives Ml explanation of the cuneiform natno of the Kingdom of Damascus, Mdt
tha-ifneriihu, which seems to mean " Ass-conntry/'

Haupt, Paul Hermann Hugo. Modern Researches in Assyria and Baby-
lonia.

. 4to, pp. 48-47.

Johiu Hopkina TTniwrtity Oireuian, Vol. vn, Tfo. 64, Baltimore. March, 1888.

Sngeests a national expedition to the valley of the Euphrates and '{igris, com.
prising delegates from the various centers of learning in the United States, undei
the auspices of the SiAitbsonian Institution.

Haupt, Paul Hermann Hugo. The Dimensions of the Babylonian Ark.

The American Journal <^ Philology, Vol. ix, Baltimore, 1888, 8vo. pp. 410M124.
Contains some remarks on the historical character of the Deluge. Abstract in
Proceedings of the American Oriental Society, October. 1888, pp. Ixxxix-xe.

Haupt, Paul Hermann Hugo. Contribntions to the History of Assyri-
ology, with special reference to the works of Sir Henry Rawlinson.
Johns Hopkins University Circulars, Vol. v;n, No. 72, Baltimore, April, 1880, 4to,
pp. 57-82.

Qontains a tentative bibliography of Sir Henry Rawliuson's writings, compiled
by Dr. Wm. M. Arnolt, preceded by a biographical sketch prepared by Dr. C.
Johnston, Jr.

Hat, John. The Mormon Prophets Tragedy.
Atlantic Monthly, 1870.

Hat, John. Amasa Stone. New Tork : De Vinne, 1883.
Privately printed.
Edition, 100 copies. Second edition, 1884.

276

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Hat, Joqn (in collaboration with John Q. Nioolay). Abraham Lincoln.
A Histoiy.

The Century lUtutrated Monthly Magazine,

Hrnry, William Wirt. Address, June 7, 1876, at Philadelphia on Cen-
tennial of Motion for Independence. Printed by Committee.

Henry, William Wirt. Rescue of Captain Smith by Pocahontas.

Potter'e Magagine, Vol. i, 4to, up. 523, 591.

Henry, William Wirt. Address on Early History of Virginia with refer-
cnco to attacks upon Capt. John Smith, Pocahontas, and Rolfe, 24
FeVy, 1882. Printed by the Virginia Historical Society. Richmond,
1382.'

Henry, William Wirt. Sir Walter Raleigh.

WiDDor's Narrative and Critical Eietory of the United State*, in, Chapter iv.

Henry, William Wirt. , Truth concerning Expedition of Geo. Rogers
Clark.

PoUer'e Magazine, v, p. 908.

Alao replica to Samuel E^ans on this sabjeot in the same magaadne, vi, p. 308 ;
VII, p. 140.

Hbnry, William Wirt. Address before Scotch-Irish Congress. (Scotch-
Irish in South.) Printed with Proceedings, Colunfbia, Tenn., May 9,
1889.

Henry, William Wirt. Character and Public Career of Patrick Henry.

liiehmond*DUtpaUh, November 22, 1867.
Also in UitioricaX Magazine, xii, p. 368.
Comments on letter of Mr. Jefferson.

Henry, William Wirt. Vindication of Patrick Henry.
Rieittriedl Magazine, XX, pp. 272-346.
Comment's on article of E. A. Pollard in Qalaxy, September, 1870.

Henry, William Wirt. Winston-Henry Genealogy.
In 8t, Mark* Parish, by P. Slaughter, p. 183.

Hknry, William Wirt. Patrick Henry, the Earliest Advocate of .Inde-
pendence.

Potter'* Magazine, vil, p. 8.

Hknry, William Wirt. Patrick Henry.

Appleton's CyiAopcedia of American Biography,
Hill, Hamilton Andrews. Ocean Steam Navigation.

North American Review, Vol. xcix, 1864, 8vo, pp. 483«522.
100 copies printed separately, 8vo.

Hill, Hamilton Andrews. A Memorial Sketch of Isaac Chapman Bates.
By Hamilton Andrews Hill, A. M. Boston: David Clapp & Son,
Printers, 1877.

Reprinted from New England Hiitorical and Qenealogiedl Regitter for April 1877.

8vo, pp. 10. I'ortrait

250 copies. •

Hill, Hamilton Andrews. The Trade, Commerce, and Navigation of
Boston, 1780-1880.

In Winsor's Memoriil History i^f Boston, iv, Chapter vni. pp. 179-284.

Hill, Hamilton Andrews. Abbott Lawrence.

In Memorial Biographies of the New England Historic-Oenealogioal Society.
Towne Memorial f^ind. Yolame ii. 1853-1865. Boston: PnbUshed by the 89*
0ety, 18 Somerset street, 1881. pp. 401^445,

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^FOED. 277

HiiJ« Hamilton Andrews. Memoirs of Abbott Lawrence. By Hamilton
Andrews Hill. With an Appendix. Boston : Printed for Private
Distribution, 1883.

8vo. pp. iz, 248, wittk portrait
• 600 copies printed. ELectiotyped.
Second-Edition. Boston : Little, Brown and Company,^ 1884.
8vo, pp. XT, 258, with portrait.
500 copies. Sleotrotyped.

Hill, Hamilton Andrews. 16G9-1882. An Historical Catalogue of the
Old South Church (Third Church), Boston. Boston: Printed for
Private Distri(>ution, 1883.
8vo, pp. X, 370, with portraits.

Edited by HamUton Andrews Hill and George Frederick Bigelow.
1,200 copies printed.

Contents— Part First: List of Pastors ; List of Deacons ; List of Members ; List
of Mtimbers under the Baptismal Covenant. Part Second: Alphabetical List of
Hembers under the Baptismal Covenant. Part Third : Biographical Notes, 1809-
1710; Index to Notes.

Hill, Hamilton Andrews. Joshua Scottow and John Alden. By Hamil-
ton Andrews Hill, A. M. Ad address, October 26, 18S4. In Old South
Church (Third Church), Boston. Memorial Addresses, Sunday Evening,
October 26, 1884. Boston: Cnpples, Upham &, Co#, 283 Washington
street, 1^85.

8vo, pp. 132.

The other addresses by the Rev. George £. Ellis, Rev. Edward O. Porter, and
the Rev. Increase K. Tarbox.

Mr. Hill's address reprinte<l in a pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 20 ; 100 copies.

The memorial addresses were edited by Mr. Hill; 1,000 copies printed.

Hill, Hamilton Andrews. William Phillips and William Phillips,
Father and Son. 1722-1827. By Hamilton Andrews Hill.
8vo, pp. 14. Portraits.
100 copies'.
Reprinted trom New England Hittorieal and Oenealogical JtegiuUr for April, 1886.

Hill, Hamilton Andrews. Jonathan Phillips.

In Memorial Biographies of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society.
VoLiv. 1860-1862. Boston: 1885. pp. 03-117.

Hill, Hamilton Andrews. The New England Company.

Andover Revietc, Vol. iv, 18«5. 8vo, pp. 209-317.

A sketch of the flrst of tfie propagation societies, so-called, establishod by actof
Parliament, 1049, aad reorganized under a charter from Charles II. in 1061.

Hill, Hamilton Andrrws. The Eoiancipation of Massachusetts.

Andovef Review, Vol Vli, 1887. 8vo, pp. 520-536.

A review of Brooks Adams's book of the same title.

Hill, Hamilton Andrews. Marshall Pinckuey Wilder.

\ew England historical and Genealogical Register for July, 1888 (with portrait).
100 copies printed separaU^ly.

Hinsdale. RruKK Aaron. Galileo and the Chnrcb.

The Christian Quarterly, Cincinnati, VoL i, Apiil. 1860. 8vo, pp. 116-176.

Hinsdale, Bcukk Aakon. Ecumenical Counciln.

The Christian Quarterly, Cincinnati, VoL i, October, 1869. pp. 491-508.

HiNSDALK, Burke Aarox. Tlie Rise and Entahlisbnient oftli« Pajmcy.
77i* Christian Quarterly, Cincinnati, Vol. li, A pril. 1 870. pp. 229-249.

HiNSDAiR, BuRKK Aaron. The Infalllliilify Dogma.

•The Christian Quarterly, Cincinnati, Vol. ri, July, 1870. pp. 392-420.

278 AMERICAN HISTOmCAL ASSOCIATION.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. The Vatican Councti and the Old Catholics.

The ChrUtian Qtiarterly, Cinoimiali, Vol iv, 1872, pp. 4I»-527. ^

Hinsdale, B(jrke Aaron. The Downfall of the Secular Papacy.
The ChrUtian Quarterly, Cincliif^ati, YoL v, JanuAry, 1873, pp. 2S-52.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. The Genaineness and Authenticity of the Gospels.
An argument conducted on historical and critical grounds. B. A. Hins-
dale, A. M.y President of Hiram College. Cincinnati: Bosworth,
Chase and Hall, 1B72.
i 12mo, pp. vili, 276.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. The Jewish-Christian Church, a Monograph.
B. A. Hinsdale, A. M., President of Hiram Colleger Cincinnati; Ohio:
Standard Publishing Company, 1878.
12mo, pp. 111.
800 copies.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. Ecclesiastical Tradition. Its Origin and Early
Growth. Its Place in the Churches and its Value, B. A. Hinsdale^ A.
M., President of Hiram College. 'Cincinnati, Ohio: Standard Publish-
ing Compan3\

12mo, pp. 200.
800 copleB.

Hinsdale, Bukki^ Aaron. The Works of James Abram Garfield. B. A.
Hinsdale, President of Hiram College. Boston : James B. Osgood Pub-
lishing Company.

2 vols., 8vo, 2 portraito.

Vol. I, pp. xxvi, 770, portrait, 1882 ; Vol. n, pp. 816, portrait, 1882.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. Bounding the Original United States.

]l£ag<izine of Weettm ffittory, Cleveland, Ohio, VoL il, September, 1885, 8to, pp.
402-423. Illustrated.

Hinsdale^ Burke Aaron. Geography and Early American History.

Magazine, of Western Hittory, Cleyeland, Ohio, VoL iii« February, 1886, 8vo^ pp.
435-486. •

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. The Vice- Presidency.

Magazine of Weetern Hittory, Cleveland, Ohio^ VoL lY, June, 1886, 8vo, pp. 173>180.

Hinsdale, Burke Aarox. Some Features of the Old South.

Magazine of Western Bistory, Glevelani), Ohio, Vol. V, November, 1886, 8to, pp.
1-17.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. Legislation on the Compensation of Members .
of Congress.

Magazine of WeeUm History, Clereladd, Ohio. VoL v, March. 1887, 8vo, pp. 588-603,
and VoL \n, Maj', 1887, pp. 128-141.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. The National Capitol.

Magazine of Western History, VoL vii, February, 1888, 8vo, pp. 392-309, and Vol.
vil, March, 1888, pp. 530-537.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. The Old Northwest, with a View of the
Thirteen Colonies as Constituted by the Royal Charters. B. A. Hins-
dale, Ph. D., Professor of the Science and the Art of Teaching, Univer-
sity of Michigan. Now York : Towusend MacCoun, 1888.
8vo, pp. iv, 440, 11 maps.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. The First Circumnavigation of the Earth.

Ohio Archceologieal and Historical Quarterly, (lolnmbua, Oliio, VoL I, September,
1877. 8vo, pp. 164-169.

BIBLIOGBAPfeY— FOBD. 279

HiKSDAJJB, Burke Aaron. The Westeni Land Policy of the BritiBli Goy^
eminent from 1763 to 1775.

Ohio ArdugologietU and MUtarieal (Quarterly, ColnmbiiB, Qhio, Vol. I, DeoembeTp
1877, 8vo, pp. 207-220.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. The Bight of discovery.

Ohio Ardueologieal and HittprictU Qtiarterly, Vol. li, December, 1888, 8vo, pp.
'240-3701

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. Three Important Bocuments Belating to Weei-
ern Land Cessions. ,

Ohio Arehieoloffioai and Hittoriedl Quarterly, YoL n, September, 1888, 8to, pp.
276-287.

Hinsdale Burke Aaron. The Sale of the Western Beser^e.

Ohio Archctological and Hittorieal QuarUriy, Vol. ii, March, 1888, Bvo, pp. 475-

480.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron. Bev. Dr. Bohhins on the Western Beserye.
Magazine qf Weetem Hittory, Vol. x, Angost, 1880, 8vo, pp. 359-360.

Hoar, George Frisbib. Speech in the Honse of Bepresentatives of the
United States on the Besolutions of Bespect to the Memory of Charles
Snmner, April 27, 1874.

Hoar, Georqb Frisbie. Speeeh in the House of Bepresentatives of the
United States, on the occasion of the presentation of the statnes of
John Winthrop and Samnel Adams, December 19, 1876.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Charles Samner.

NorOi Afneriean Review, Janoary-FebnukTy. 1878.

Hoar, Grorgte Frisbie. James Abram Garfield. Speech at the Memorial
Observances of the citizens of Worcester, September 26, 1881.

Hoar, George Frisbie. President Garfield's New England Ancestry. A
^aper read before the American Antiquarian Society, October 21, 1881.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Eulogy upon the Life, Character, and Public
Services of James Abram Garfield, delivered at the invitation of the
City Council of Worcester, Mass., December 30, 1881.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Memoir of Samuel Hoar. 1882.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Address at the Dedication of the Lincoln Li-
brary, August 5th, 1884.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Memoir of Alexander Hamilton Bullook. 1883.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Address Delivered before the City Government
and Citizens on the Two Hundredth Anniversary of Worcester, October
14th, 1884.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Obligations of New England to the County of
K^nt. A paper read before the American Antiquarian Society, April

29th, 1885.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Oration on the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anni-
versary of the Incorporation of Concord, September 12th, 1885.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Obituary Address at the Funeral of Prof. Wiley
Laud, February 18th, 1885.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Speech in the Senate of the United States on the
Besolutions of Bespect for the Memory of Henry B. Anthony, January
19th, 1885.

280

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Hoar, Qjbobge Fbisbu. John O. Whittier. Remarks before the Essex
Club, November 12th, 1887.

Hoar, Qeorge Feisbie. Commemoratiye Address oh William Barrett
Washburn. Delivered before the Connecticat Valley Congregational
Clttb, November 29th, 1887. * * ,

Hoar, George Frisbie. Oration at the Celebration of the Centennial of
the Fonnding of the Northwest, at Marietta, Ohio, April 7th, 1888.

Hoar, George Frisbie. Speech at the Celebration by the Pilgrim Society
at Plymouth of the Completion of the National Monument to the Pil-
grims, August 1st, 1889.

Holt, Henry Hobart. The History of Muskegon County, Bfichigan.
Muskegon Chronicle Printing House, 1887.
8to, pp. 104.

HOPPIN, James Mason. Life of Andrew Hull Foote, Rear- Admiral United

States Navy. By James Mason Hoppin, Professor iu Tale College.

New York : Harper and Brothers, Pnt>li8hers, Franklin Square, 1874.
Portrait and iCnstratioiifi.

Hoppin, Jakes Mason. Memoir of Henry Armitt Brown, with four His-
torical Orations. Philadelphia: J. B. Lip^incott &, Co. London:
16 Southampton street, Covent Garden, 1880.

Hoppin, James Mason. History of Preaching : First Division of *' Homi-
letics." New York : Doddj Mead &. Co.

Hoppin, James Mason. The Early Renaissance. Two lectures deliv-
ered at the Tale Art School, January 14 and 21, by James M. Hoppin,
Professor of the History of Art. New Haven, 1880.

Hoppin, James Mason. Murillo : an Historical Sketch.
The New Englander for Jaly, 1889.

HoRSFORD, Ebbn Nobton. The Indian Names of Boston and their Mean*
ing. By Eben Norton Horsford. Read before the New England Historic-
Genealogical Society, November 4, 1885. Cambridge, Mass.: John
Wilson & Sou, University Press, 1886.

Svo and 4to, pp. 26, 4 maps.

Two editions, priyately printed: 8to. 1,500 copies; 4to, 500 copies.

Keyiewed iu Boston Evening Tranacript^ November 4, 1885.

HoR^OBD, Eben Norton. John Cabot's Landfall in 1497 and the Site of
Norumbega. A letter to Chief Justice Daly, President of the Amer-
ican Geographical Society. By Eben Norton Horsford. Cambridge :
John Wilson <& Son, University Press, 1886,

4to and Svo, pp. 42, maps.

Two editions: 8ro, 2,500; 4to, 1,000. Privfttely printed.

HoBSFOBD, Eben Norton. Discovery of America by Northmen. Address
at the Unveiling of the Statue of Leif Erikson, delivered in Fanenil
Hall, October 29, 1887. By Eben Norton Horsford. Boston and New
York : Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Cambridge : The Riverside Press, 1888.

4to, pp. 113, 0 illastratiOQS, 15 maps.

Edition. 500.

HoRSFOBD, Eben Norton. The Problem of the Northmen. A letter to
Judge Daly, the President of the Americau Geographical Society, on the
opinion of Justin Wiusor, that ''though Scandinavians may have
reached the shores of Labrador the soil of the United States has not

BIBLIOORAPHY — FOBD. 281

one vestige of their presence." By Eben Norton Horsfotd. Cam-
bridge : Jpfan Wilson and Son, University PresSy 1889.

4to, pp. 23, 7 maps, 4 plates.
Privately printed. Edition. 500.
Reviewed in Bc9ton Evening Trmmeript, Jnne 14, 1889.
HowABD, Cbcil Hampdbn. Brattleborough in Yerse and Prose. Com-
piled and arranged by Cecil Hampden Howard. Brattleborongh, Vt. :
Frank £. Housh, Pablisfaer, 1885.

12mo, pp. 00, 1 plate ; 1,200 oopiee. Not electrotyped.

The materials were oollected with a view to preserving the cream of the litera-
tnre (historic and otherwise) that had been writtei) by a wide circle of anthors on
varioos phases of Brattleboroagh life. It was favorably reviewed in local and
State papers ; also in TK« Oritie and The OhrUHan Union.
Howard, Cecil Hampdex Cutts. Life and Public Services of Brig. Gen-
eral John Woloott Phelps. By Cecil Hampden Cntts Howard. An
address read before The New England Historic-Genealogical Society.

Dec. 1, 1886. Brattleborough, Vt. : Frank £. Hoash & Co., 1887.
12mo, pp. 68.
500 copies. Not electrotyped.

Howard, Cecil Hampden Cutts. Sketch of Mrs. William Jarvis, of
Weathersfield, Vermont, by Mrs. Mary Pepperrell Sparhawk (Jarvis)
Cntts. Edited by Cecil Hampden Cntts Howard.

Sto, pp. 33.

Reprinted ftom HUtorieal OoUeetUms of the Euex /n«eitiiis, Salem, Mass., Vol.
a«. 1887.

Howard, Cecil Hampden Cutts* The Cntts Family. A Forgotten Link.

Maine HUtorieal and Qenealogieal Recorder, Vol. iv, pp. 204-207, No. 4. 1887.

Howard, Cecil Hampden Cutts. Iiouisa May Alcott.

iroman,yol. i. No. 6, May 1888, 8vo, pp. 455-464. Xllnstrated.

Howard, Cecil Hampden Cutts. The Sparhawk Family.

Hietorieal OoOeetione of the Ettex Inetitute, Salem, Mass., Vol. 25, Nos. 1-2,
1887.
The^penhig papers on a genealogy, in brief form, of the Sparhawk family.

Howard, Cecil Hampton Cuits. Anna Holyoke Howard.

Woman'e J^agazine, Vol. 13, December, 1888. Also in New England Rittorie-
Qenealogieal Eegitter, VoL 24, October. 1880.

Howard, Cecil Hampden Cutts. Deserted Graveyards.

Maine Hiet&rieal and Genealogical Recorder^ Vol. 5, 18S8.
Howard, Gborqe Elliott. The Place of History in Modern Edacation.
An address delivered before a*joint session of the members of the
Nebraska State Historical Society and the State University, January,
1885.

Pablished in Tramaetione and Report* of the State Hietorieal Society, VoL i, pp.
202-217.

Howard, George Eluott. Johns Hopkins University. Studies in His-
torical and Political Science. Extra Volumes IV and V. An Intro-
duction to the Local Constitutional History of the United States. By
George Elliott Howard, Professor of History in the University of
Nebraska. Vol. I . Development of the TownshipjHundred, and Shire.
Baltimore : Publication Agency of the Johns Hop kins University, 1889.
8vo, pp. XT, 628, Vol. I.

Ck>ntains on extended list of anthoritlM cited. Vol. ii, in preparation, will treat
of the ** Development of the City."
Edition, 1,200 copies.

282 AMEBICAN HIBTOBICAL ASSOCIATION.

B«rfewed in The JnUrOoMn, Jane 15, 1888; Kwf Tork Sun, Jnne 13, IBM ; the
Indepmdeni.Jxme 27, 1889; Magcutine qf American SUtory, Joly, 1889 ; Neto Twrk
Tribune^ July 13, 1889; Magazxne of WetUm HiMtory, August 1688; Bo$ton Herald,
AuguBt 2, 1889; Boiton Pott, August 10, 1889; Springfield (Mass.) Jttpuliiean,
August 21, 1889; PhUadelphia Prttu, August 31. 1889; by Professor Frank J.
Goodnow in PoUHeal Science Quarterly, September, 1889; Overland Monthly,
September; 1889; Literary World (Bostoo). September 14, 1889; Popidar Science
Monthly, October, 1889; by Hon. James O. Pierce in thq Dial, October, 1889; The
Nation, October 3, 1889; the OriHe, October 5, 1889; Saturday Review, Octobers^
1889.

Howe, Wijlliam Wirt. Life of Jadge F. X. Martin. . New Orleans :
James Gresham, Pablisher, 1882.

8vo, pp. 85.

Prefixed to second edition of ''Martin's History of I«onia^a."

Edition, 1,000 copies.

Howe, Wiluam Wirt. Mnnicipal History of New Orleans. Baltimore :
Pablioation Agency Johns Hopkins University, April, 1889.

8vo, pp. 83.

Hudson, Richard. The German Empire.

yew Englander and Tale Review, Vol. xn, May 1888, 8vo, pp. 811-890.

Hudson, Hichard. State Autonomy versus State Sovereignty.

New Englander and Tale Review, Vol. xii, January, 1888, 8to, pp. 35-4S.

Isham, F. Questions of the Day. No. XLI. The Fishery Question, its
Origin, History, and Present Situation. New York : G. P. Putnam's
Sons, 1887.

Jameson, John Frankun. The Origin and Development of the Munioi*
pal Government of New York City. I. The Dutch Period.

M<ig<uine of American History, Vol. vm. No. 5, May, 1882, 8to, pp. 815^380.
Criticised iu the same, July, 1882, pp. 511-512. by B[ertholdl Ffernow].

Jameson, John Franklin. The Origin and Development of the Munici-
pal Qovernment of New York City. Part Second. The English and
American Period.

Magazine of American History,'Yol. viil, No. 9, September, 1882, 8to, pp. 998-611.

Jameson, John Franklin. Montauk and the Common Lands of East-
hampton, Long Island.

Magatine of American History, Yd. u, Na 4, April, 1883, 8vo, pp. 22&-S89.

Jameson, John Franklin. Synopsis of Monroe's Presidential Messages.
Bibliography of Monroe, and the Mdnroe Doctrine.

American Statesman. James Monroe in his Relations to the Public Service dnr>
ing Half o Century. 1776 to 1826. By Daniel C. Oilman, President of the Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore. Boston: Houghton, Mlf&in & Co., 1888. lOmo,
pp. 229^280.

Jameson, John Franklin. Records of the Town of Amherst, from 1735
to 1788. Edited by J. F. Jameson. Amherst, Ma»s. : Press of J. E«
WiUiams, 1884.
8vo, pp. 100.
Edition, 125 copies.
Reprinted ftt>m Amherst-Beeord of l888-*84.

Jameson, John Franklin. Reviews of Bancroft's " Formation of the Con-
stitution," Scott's ^'Development of Constitutional Liberty," Doyle's
"English ColoDies"(I),Lowoir8 '' Hessians," Schoulees "United States^

BIBLIOGB APHT — FOBD. 28 3

(I, II), Cortis's <' BuchanaD/' McMaster'tt "United States'' (I), Park-
man's " Montoalm and Wolfe." the first nine volumes in the ''American
Statesmen" series, and Doebu's ''Beitriige znr Geschiohte der nord-
amerikanischen Union."

Yon SyUTt Hittorisdu ZeiUehrifl, neao Polge,Bd.xv, pp. 189>-191. 55»-561 ; Bd.
xvn. pp. 1R2-1R6. 381, 382; Bd. xxi, pp. ]80-190 ; Bd. xxvi, p. 188, [1884-1888].

Jambsox, Jobx Franklin. Johns Hopkins University Studies in Histor-
ical and Political Science. Foarth series. , V. An introdnction to the
Stndy of the Constittftional and Political History of the States. Bv J.
Franklin Jameson^ Ph. D., Associate in History, Johns Hopkins Uni-
▼erSiity. Baltimore: N. Murray, Publication Agent, Johns Hopkins
University, May, 1886.

8vo, pp. 29.

Jameson, John Franklin. Papers of the American Historical Associa-
tion. Vol. II. No. 3. Willem Usselinx, Founder of the Dutch and Swed-
ish West India Companies. By J. Franklin Jameson, Ph. D., Johns
Hopkins University. New York and London : 6. P. Putnam's Sons, The
Knickerbocker Press, 1887.
8vo. pp. 284.

Contaios a full and critical bibliography of the published and unpubliahed wilt*
ingB of Usselinx.

Jameson, John Frankun. Historical Writinjc in the United Stat-es, 1783-
1861. A public lecture delivered in the hall of the Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity.

EngHtehe SttidUn, Band xii, Heft 1, 1888, 8to, pp. 5d-77.

The Uiird of a eq^les of foar lectares on the history of historieal writing in
America.

Jameson, John Franklin. Historical Writing in the United States since
1861. A public lecture delivered in the hall of the Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity.

Jlnglisehe Studim, Band xui. Heft 2, 1^, 8vo, pp. S30-246.

The fourth of the same series.

Jameson, John Franklin. Review of '* The American Commonwealth.

By James Bryce."

The Juridieal Review, Vol. t, No. 2, April. 1889, 8to, pp. 204-210.

Jameson, John Franklin. The Old Federal Court of Appeal. By Pro-
fessor J. Franklin Jameson, of Brown University.

Papereof the Afnerican Hietorieal Ateoeiation, Vol. in. Na 2, 1889, 8vo, pp. 137-148.

Jameson, John Franklin. Introductory Notice and Continuation to 1889.
The German War and the Third Republic. In "A History of France. By
Victor Duruy, member of the French Academy," Abridged and trans-
lated from the seventeenth French edition by Mrs. M. Carey. New
' York : Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1889.
12mo, pp. vil-xii. 557-^77.

The Introductory Notice consists mainly of an acconnt of the life and writioga
of M. Dnmy.

Jameson, John Frankun. Essays in the Constitutional History of the
United States in the Formative Period, 1775-1789, By Graduates
and Former Members of the Johns Hopkins University. Edited by
J. Franklin Jameson, Ph.D., late Associate in the Johns Hopkins
University, Profe.s8or of History in Brown University. Boston and

284 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

New York: Hoaghton, Mifflin and Company. The Riverside Press,
Cambridge, 1889.

8vo, pp. xiii, 321.

Bdltion, 500 copies.

Containa • The Predeceaaor of the Supreme Conrt, by tbe Sditor ; The Hove-
ment Toward a Second Constitniional CooTention in 1788, by Edward P. Smith;
The Development of the Kxeoutiye Departments, by Jay C. Gaggenheimer ; The
Period of Constitution-Making in the American Churchee, by Wm. P. Trent; The
Status of the Slave, 1775-1780, by Jettny B. Brackett

Mr. Jameson also oontribated the " Tenns " in American History and Politicii to
the Century Dictionary. Published by the Centnry Company, New York 1 1888 1.

Jay, John. The Progress aad Resnlts of Emancipation in the West
Indies. A lectilre delivered before the Philomathian Society of the
City of New York. New York: Wiley & Pntnam, 1842.

8vo, pp. 39.

Jat, John. Caste and Slavery in the American Chnrch. New York and
London : Wiley & Putnam, 1843.

8vo, pp. 51.

Quoted and approved by Dr. WUberforoe, Bishop of Oxford, in his *' History of
the American Church."

Jat, John. America Free— or America Slave. An address on the State
of the Country, delivered at Bedford, New York, October 8, 1856.
New York : Tribune Office.

8vo, pp. 20.

Contains a ma]^ of the United States, showing the free and the slave States.

Jay, John. The American Church and the African Slave Trade. A speech

in the New York Diocesan Convention of the Protestant Episcopal

>Church, on the 27th September, 1860. With a noto of the proceedings

had in that council od the subject. New York: Hoe Lockwood &,

Sons, 1860.

8vo, pp. 30.

Jay, John. Sketch of Mrs. John Jay, wife of Chief Justice Jay, born 1757,
died 1802. With portrait.

8vo, pp. 48-85.

Included in Mrs. Ellett's "Queens of American Society," New. York: Charles
Scribner &, Co., 1867. New Edition. Phiiadelphia : Porter & Coates, 1889.

Jay, John. The Rise aud Fall of the Pro-Slavery Democracy, and the
Rise and Duties of the Republican Party. Ndw York : Roe Lockwood
dD Co., 1861.
8vo, pp. 43.

An address to the citizens of Westchester County, K. Y. Delivered at the Court-
Hon^e at Bedford, November 5, 1860.

Jay, John. The Great Conspiracy aud England's Neutrality. New York:
Roe Lockwood & Son. Londou : Triibner & Co, 1861. .

8vo, pp. 50.

An address delivered at Mount Kisco, Westchester County, N. Y., on the
Fourth of July, 1861..

Jay, John. The New York Election and the State of the Country. N» w
York: John F.Trow, 1862.
8vo, pp. 24.

Addi-ess to the citizens of Westchester Connty, delivered at Morrisanla, N. Y.,
October 30, 1862.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^FOBD. 285

Jat, John. The Relinqaishment of the Monroe Doctrine. New York,
M»Tch 30, 1863. . '

8vo, pp. 8. " '

Letter to the obAiriBaii />f the execntive committee of Adopted CiilBens, etc.

Jat; John. The Church and the Rebellion. Bedford, 1863.
8vo, pp. 52.
A letter to St. Matthew's Chnrch, Bodfonl, Wostcbeeter Coanty, N. Y.

Jat, John. New Plottings in Aid of the Rebel Doctrine of State Sover-
eignty. New York: A. D. F. Randolph. London: Trilbner & Co.,
1864.

8to, pp. 62.

Secoml letter on Dawson's Introdaction to the Federali»t, with a note on the
imftriendly policy of France towards the United States at the time of the treaty of
peaoe.

Jat, John. The Narrowness of the call for the Baltimore Convention.
New York : Baker <& Godwin, 1864.

8vo, pp. 13.

A letter to the Hon. Edwin D. Morgan, chairman of the R^ab]|^n committee.

Jat, John. The Constitutional Principled of the Abolitionists, and their
* endorsement by the American People. New York, 1864.
8vo, pp. 12.

A letter to the American Anti-Slavery Society on the 30th anniversary of it<« foun-
dation in Philadelphia, December 30, 1833. .

Jat, John. The Political Situation in the United States. London : Gil-
bert & Rivington, 1866.
8vo,pp.6(l. »

Address to the Union LeagneClnb from Paris, Jnne23, 1866. I^rivately printed
in Paris. Issued in New York by tiie Union League Clnb, and an edition printed
by Kivington, Waterloo Place, I<ondon, 1886.

Jay, John. The Union League Club of New York. Its Memories of the
Past. New York, 1868.
8vo, pp. 28.

Address at the last meeting in the old club-house on Union Square,- March 26,
1868.

• Jay, John.. Report as special commissioner appointed to represent the
State of New York in the Board of Managers of the National Cemetery
at Antietarn, 1868.

8vo, pp. 48.

" The report is accompanied by an official list of the soldiers fh>m this State who
fell upon the battle-field, antheuticated by a careful comparison wilh original rec-
on^i, possessing great historic value."— (jovrrnor Jl. E. Fenton to the Senate.

Jay, John. The Presidential Election. What it Means for America and
Europe. New York: Charles Scribner «fe Co., 1869.
8vo, pp. 67.
Address before the Grant and Colfax Clnb, Katonah, N. Y., October 21, 1868.

Jay, John. Remarks on the Clarendon-Johnson Treaty for Adjusting the
Alabama Claims. New York : Charles Scribner & Co.. 1869.
8vo, pp. 16.

Jay, JpHN. The Battle of Harlem Plains. Oration at the Commemoration
of the Battle on its One Hundredth Anniversary by the New York His-
torical Society. New York: Published by the Society, 1876.

^vo, pp. S2.

286 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Jat, John. The Issues of the Presidential Ciimpaiga of Eig1if«eD Han*
drod aud Seventy-six. Mt. Kisco, N. Y. : The Recorder, 1876.
Svo, pp. 12.
Addre«M delivered at ^Mford Conn- House, Weatcbeeter County, N. Y., October

19, 1876.

Jat, John. Colnmbia College. Her Honorable Record in the Past, with
a Glance at Her Opportunities in the f^utnre. New York : Published
hy the Aiumni Association of Columbia College, 1676.

9 &T0, pp. 48.

^ oentennial disconrae delivered before the Aaeooii^ion of the Alamni, I>ec6m-
ber21.1876.

J AT, Joux. Motley's Appeal to History. New York : A. S. Barnes d:. Co.,
1877.

pp. 17.

Reprinted from the Intemati<mal Review,

Jay, Jotix. The Peace Negotiations of 1782 and 1783. An Address de-
livered before the New York Historical Society on its Seventy-ninth
Anniversary, Novemher 27, 1883. New York : Printed for the Society,
1884.

pp. 239.

ContainA a map of North America, sbowinft the boundaries of the United States,
Canada, and the Spanish Possessions acoordinjs to the proposals of the Coart of
France In 1781

Jat, John. Count de Vergennes. The French Statesman's Influence in
America.

Magazine of American History, VoL xni, No. 1, January, 1885. pp. 31-^.
Contaius portrait of Coaut do Vergennes, from a r.ire print in possession of the
author.

Jay, John. Pope Gregory XIII. and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew.

8vo, pp. 10.

Printed also in Proceedingg of the Huguenot Society of AmmM, Vol. i, Na % pp.
45-50. It was delivered before the Huguenot Society of America, at their meetly;
at Now Bochollo, N. Y., August 2i, 1885. the auuiveriMry of the masaausre of St.
Bartholomew. It refers to the lett^-r of the Papal Nuncio, Salviati, and the Cardi-
nal Ortiini recently discovered by Lord Acton. A reference to th» ^^•<^®^*''y <*f
further evidence on the subject by Sir Henry Austin Layard, at Venice, may be
fonnd in Mr. Jay's address before the Hngnenot Society of America. Vol. i. No. 2,
pp. 84, 85.

Jay, John. The Fisheries Dispute. A suggestion for its a4jnstment hy
abrogating tbe convention of 1818, and resting on the rigl^» and liber-
ties defined in the treaty of 1783. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.,
1887.

8vo, pp. 52.

A letter to Hon. William M. Evarts, United Stfktes Senator from New 7ork.

•

Jat, John. The Peace Negotiations of 1782-1783, as Newly Illustrated by
Conlidential Papers of Shelburne and Vergennes. A chapter in Vol.
VII of Winsor's ** Narrative and Critical History of America." Bos-
ton : Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
pp. 89-184.

Contains 9 portraits, G maps, and the signatores to the definitive treaty of peace
in fao-slmile ; also 1 plate.

BIBLIOOBAPHY — FORD. 287

Jay, John. The Peace Negotiatioos of 1782-1783, as Illastrated by the
Secret Gorrespondeace of France and England. A paper read before
the American HiBtorical AssooiatioDj Boston, May 27, 18^. New York :
Knickerbocker Press, 1888.

870, pp. 22.

Beprinied from the Paper* of the Aineriean ffUtorieal AsBocidtion.

Johnston, Eiizabbth Bryant. A Visit to the Cabinet of the United

States Mint at Philadelphia. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott & Co.,

1876.

8vo, pp. 02, 2 pUtes.
2,500 oopiM.

Johnston, Elizabbth Bryant. Visitors' Gaide to Moant Vernon, 1876.
lOmo, pp. 99, wood cats.
Sixteen editions ; 25,000 oopies.
' This little guide when issued in 1876 was not more than half its present size, but
has grown from year to year.

Johnston, Elizabeth Bryant. Original Portraits of Washington, iu-
olnding basts, statues, nionnments, and medals. By Elizabeth Br van t
Johnston. Boston : James B. Osgood & Co., 1882.

Royal 4to, pp. 250, 32 plates.

600 copies.

Johnston, William Preston. Personal Reminiscences, Anecdotes, and
Letters of Gen. Robert E. Lee. By Rev. J. William Jones, D. D.
New York : D. Appleton' & Co. , 1876.

Chapter xm and sereral other portions were contributed by Mr. Johnston.

Johnston, William Preston. The Life of Gen. Albert Sidney John-
' ston, embracing his services in the Armies of the United States, the
Repablio of Texas, and the Confederate Stat«s. By William Preston
Johnston. New York : D. Appleton & Co., 1878.
With illnstrationB on steel and wood.
Editon, 7,000 copies.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Indian Remains in Southern Georgia.
Address delivered before the Georgia Historical Society on its Twentieth
Anniversary, Febrnary 12, 1859. By Charles C. Jones, jr. Savannah,
Ga. : JohnM. Cooper & Co., 1859.

8vo, pp. 25.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Oration delivered on the occasion of the
Celebration of the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the Chatham Artil-
lery of Savannah, May 1, 186L Savannah, Ga. : John M. Cooper and
Company, 1861.
Svo, pp. 65.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Monumental Remains of Georgia. By
Charles C. Jones, jr. Part first. Savannah, Ga. : John M. Cooper and
Company, 1861.

Svo, pp. 119, 1 illustration.

Edition, 250 oopies.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Report of Charles C. Jones, jr., Mayor of
the City of Savannah, for the year ending September 30th, 1861.
Savannah, Ga : John M. Cooper &, Co., 1861.
8vo, pp. 37.

288

AMEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

JONBS, Chajilbs Colcock, Jr. HUtorical Sketch of the Chatham Artil-
lery dttriDg the Confederate Straggle for lodependenoe. By Charles C.
Jones, jr., late Lieat.-Colonel of Artillery, C. S. A. Albany, N. T. :
Joel Mnnsell, 1867.

Svo, pp. 240, 3 illnatntloiis.

SditiODf 500 oopfes.

JoNBS, Charlks ColcocKi Jr. The History of the Charch of God daring
the Period of Revelation . By Rev. Charles Coloock Jones, D. D. Ne w
York : Charles Scribner & Co., 1867.

8to, pp. 568.
' Edited, with prefatory note, bj Charles C. Jones, Jr.
Edition, 500 oopies.

JoNiESy CharLes Colcock, Jr. Ancient Tamali on the Savannah River.
By Charles C. Jones Jr. New York, 1868.
8yo, pp. 14.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr.. Historical Sketch of Tomo-Chi-Chi, Hico
of the Yamacraws. By Charles C. Jones, Jr. Albany, N. Y.: Joel
MunseH^ 1868.

8to, pp. 183.
Edition, 250 copies.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Ancient Tomali in Georgia. From a
paper read before the American Antiquarian Society in Boston, at the
Hall of the American Academy in the Athenronm Baitding, Beacon
street, April 28, 1869, by Charles C. Jones, Jr. Worcester, Mass.,
1869.

8yo, pp, 29, 2 plates.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Reminiscences of the Last Days, Death
and Barial of General Henry Lee. By Charles C. Jones, jr. Albany,
N. Y. : Joel Mnnsell, 1870.
Small 4to, pp. 43, portrait.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Casimir Palaski. An Address delivered
before the Georgia Historical Society by Charles C. Jones, jr., npon the
occasion of the Celebration of its Thirty-second Anniversary, Febmary
13, 1871. Savannah, Ga. : Morning News Office, 1673.
8vo, pp. 28.

This address was likewise published in the third Tolame of OoUeeHom o/ th4
Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, 6a., 1873, 8vo, pp. 335^10.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Antiquities of the Soathem Indians, par-
ticalarly of the Georgia Tribes. By Charles C. Jones, jr. New York :
D. Appleton and Company, 1873.

8vo, pp. 532, 30 plates and three wood-cnts.

Edition, 1,000 copies.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Antiquity of the North American Indians.

North American Review for Janoary, 1874, Vol. cxvrn, pp. 70-87.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. The Siege of Savannah, in 1779, as de-
scribed in two Contemporaneous Journals of French Officers In the
Fleet of Count lyEstaing. Translated and annotated by Charles C.
Jones, jr. Albany, N. Y. : Joel Mnnsell, 1874.
4to, pp. 77, with map.
Edition, 250 copies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 289

JOKSS, Cbarlbs Colcock, Jr. The Siege of Savannah in Deoember, 1864,
and the Confederate Operations in Georgia and the Third Military '
District of South Carolina 4^>uiiig General Sherman's March from At-
lanta to the Sea. 'By Charles C. Jones, Jr., late Lient. Col. Artillery, C.
S. A., and Chief of Artillery dnring the Sfege. Albany, N. T. : Joel
Mnnsell, 1874.

S]iuai4to,pp.l8i.

Edition, 1,000 copies.

JONBS, Charles Oolcock, Jr. Sergeant William Jasper. An Address
delivered before the Georgia Historical Society, in Savannah, Georgia,
on 3d of January, 1876, by Charles C. Jones, Jr. Albany, N. T. : Joel
Mnnsell, 1876.

Sto, ppk 36.

Jokes, Charles Colcock, Jr. A Roster of General Officers, Heads of
Departments, Senators, Representatives, Military Organisations, etc., *
etc., in Confederate Service daring the War between the States. By
Charles C. Jones, jr., late Lieat. Col. qf Artillery, C. S. A. Richmond,
Va. : Sonthem Historical Society, 1876.

8ro, pp. 130.

Jones, Charles Colcogk, Jr. Aboriginal Stmctures in Georgia. By
Charles C. Jones, Jr. Washington : Government Printing Office, 1878.
Reprintod Crom the Smithsonian Report for 1877.
Sro, pp. 13. five plates.
JoMBS, Charles Colcock, Jr. The Dead Towns of Georgia. By Charles
C. Jones, Jr. Savannah, Ga.: Morning News Steam Printing Honse,
1878. '

8to, pp. 263, flye UlnstTations.

This work was incorporated in the fourth volame of CoUetlAon* of the Georgia
HittorioaL Society. 3t0 eopies printed separately.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. The Life and Services of Commodore
Josiah Tattnall. By Charles C. Jones, jr. Savannah, Ga. : Morning
News Steam Printing House, 1878.

Syo, pp. 255, and appendix, portrait

Edition, 500 copies.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Oration pronounced hy CoL Charles C.
Jones, Jr., oh the 31st October, 1878, upon the occasion of the Unveil-
ing and Dedication of the Confederate Monument, erected by the La-
dies Memorial Association of Augusta, in Broad Street, in the City of
Augusta, Georgia. Augusta, Ga., 1878.
8vo, pp. 9, 1 illnstratlon.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. An Address delivered before the Confed-
erate Survivors' Association, in Augusta, Ga., at its First Annual Meet-
ing, on Memorial Day, April 26th, 1879, by Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr.
Augusta, Ga., 1879.
8to, pp. S.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Hernando de Soto. The adventures en-
countered and the ronte pursued by the Adelantado during his march
through the territory embraced within the present geographical limits
of thebState of Georgia. By Charles C. Jones, Jr. Savannah, Ga. : J.
H. Estill, Morning News Steam Printing House, 1880.

8vOk pp. 48, portrait;

Bead before the Georgia Historical Society.

8. Mis. 170 19

290 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

JoKBS, Charles Colcock, Jr. An Address Delivered before the Confed-
erate Sanrivors' Aseoeifttion, in Angnsta, Georgia* at ite Second Annaal
Meeting, on Memorial Day, April 26, 1^80. By Col. Charles C. Jones, jr..
President of the Association. Angnsta, Ga., 1860.
8vo, pp. 9.

JoNKSy Charles Colcock, Jr. Memorial presented to His Grace, My Lord
the Dake of Newcastle, Chamberlain of His Majesty, King George, etc.,
and Secretary of State, npon the present condition of Carolina and the
Means of its Amelioration. By Jean-Pierre Pnrry, of NenfchAtel,
Switzerland. Savannah, Ga. : J. ^. Estill; Printer.

Small 4to, pp. 24.
Edition, 250 copies.

Translated, annotated by, and privately printed for Charles G. Jones, Jr., LL. D.,
Augusta, 6a., 1880.
Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Centres of Primitive Manufacture in Geor-
gia.

Magazine ofAfMriean HitUny for November, 1880, pp. 846-850.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. The Georgia Historical Society : its Found-
ers, Patrons, and Friends. Anniversary Address delivered in Hodgson
Hall, OD the 14th of February, 1881, by Charles C. Jones, jr., LL. D.
Savannah, Ga., 1881.

8vo, pp. 40.

JONBS, Charles Colcock, Jr. An Address delivered before the Confed-
erate Survivors' Association, in Augusta, Georgia, at its Third Annual
Meeting, on Memorial Day, April 26th, 1881, by Col. Charles C. Jones,
jr., LL. D., President of the Association. Augusta, Ga., 1881.
Svo, pp. 11.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Acts passed by the General Assembly of
the Colony of Georgia, 1755 to 1774. Now first printed. Wormaloey
BiDCCCLXXXI.

4to,pp.427.

Privately printed, 49oopiea, edited, with pre&tory note, andannotatedby Charles
C. Jones, Jr., LL. D.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. William Few, Lieutenant-Colonel of Geor-
gia Militia in the Revolutionary Service.

Magagine of Ameriean HUtory for November, 1881, pp. 340-842( portrait.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. An Address delivered before the Coufede*
rate Survivors' Association, in Augusta, Georgia, at its Fourth Annual
Meeting, on Memorial Day, April 26th, 1882. By Col. Charles C. Jones,
jr., LL. D., President of the Association. Augusta, Ga., 1882.
8vo, pp. 7.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Silver Crosses from an Indian Grave-
Mound at Coosa wattee Old Town, in Murray County, Georgia. Wash-
ington : Government Printing Office, 1883.

pp. 6, 4 iliastrations.

SmUhBonian Report for 1881.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Military Lessons inculcated on the Coast
of Georgia during the Confederate War. An Address deli vered before
the Confederate Survivors' Association, in Augusta, Georgia, at it<8
Fifth Annual Meeting, on Memorial Day, April 26, 1888. By Col.
Charles C. Jones, jr., LL. D., President of the Association. Augusta,

Ga., 1883.
8yo, pp. 15.

BTBIilOGRAP&T — FOED. 291

J0NS8, Crables Colcock, Jr. Faneral Oration pronounced by Charles
C. Jones) Jr., LL. D., npon the occasion of the Obseqaies of Governor

^ Alexander H. Stephens, at the Capitol, in Atlanta, Georgia, March 8th,
1683. Atlanta, Ga., 1883.

In tbe Memorial Volume, pp. 43-48, 8ro, pp. 84.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. The ^istory of Georgia. By Charles C.
Jones, Jr., LL. D. Boston and New York: Honghton, HiflSin and
Company. The Riverside Press, Cambridge, 1883.

Vol. I. Aborlgliial aod Colonial Epochs. Syo^ pp. 556, 9 iUantrations.

Vol. XL Sevolutionary Epoch. 8vq, pp.540, 10 illustrations.

IdiUoo, 1,000 copies; electrotyped. '

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. General Sherman's March from Atlanta ,
to the Coaat. An address delivered before the Confederate Survivors'
Association, in Angnsta, Georgia, at its Sixth Annual Meeting, on Me-
morial Day, April 26, 188i, by Col. Charles C. Jones, jr., LL. D.,
Presiden^of the Assooiation. Augusta, Ga., 1^84.
8to, pp. 19.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. The Life and Services of Ex-Governor
Charles Jones Jenkins. A Memorial Address delivered before the Gen-
eral Assembly of Georgia, in the Hall of the House of Representatives,
at the Capitnl, in Atlanta, on the 23d of July, 1883, by Charles C.
Jones, jr., LL. D. Atlanta, Ga. : James P. Harrison & Co., Printers «
and Publishers, 1884.
8vo,pp.56.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Geographical Sketch of Georgia. D.
Appleton and Company, 1884.
PI>.12.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Button Gwinnett.

Jiagagine of American HUtary for Koremher, 18S4, pp. 425-432.

Jones. Charles Colcock, Jr. Tbe Necessity for Increasing the Salaries

' of the Judicial Officers of Georgia. An Address delivered before the

. Georgia Bar Association, at its annual meeting in Atlanta, Ga., on

the 14th of August, 1884, by Charles C. Jones, jr., LL. D. Macou :

J. W Burke & Co., 1885.

Sf o, pp. 19.

Jones, Charlies Colcock, Jr. The Battle of Honey- Hill. An Address
delivered before the Confederate Survivors' Association, in Augusta,
Georgia, at its Seveuth Annual Meeting, on Memorial Day, April 27,
18^, by Col. Charles C. Jones, jr., LL. D., President of the Associa-
tion. Angnsta, Ga., 1888.
8vo, pp. 16.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. The Seizure and Reduction of Fort Pulaski.

Magazine of American Hiatory for July, 1885, pp. 63-67.

JoNESr Charles Colcock, Jr.. Sepulture of Major-General Nathanael
Greene and of Brig. Gen. Count Casimir Pulaski. By Charles C. Jones,
jr., LL. D. Angnsta, Ga. , 1885.
Svo, pp. 14.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. The Life, Literary Labors, and Neglected
Grave of Richard Henry Wilde. By Charles C. Jones, jr., LL. D, Au-
gusta, Ga., 1885.
8vo, pp. 21.

292 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. BombardmeDts and Capture of Fort Mc-
Allister.

Magazine af American ffittory for November, 1885, pp. 501-508.

Jones, Ch \rle6 Colcock, Jr. Brigadier General Robert Toombs. An Ad-
dress delivered before tbe Confederate Snrvivors' Association, in An-
gUHta, Georgia, at its Eigfath Aminal Meeting, on Memorial Day, April
26th, 1886, by Col. Charles C. Jones Jr., LL. D., President of the Associa-
tion. Augnsta, Ga. , 1886.
8vo, pp. 17.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Biographical Sketch of the Honorable
Major John Habershaur, of Georgia. By Charlos C. Jones, jr., LL. D.
Cambridge : The Riverside Press, 18%.
8vo, pp. 90, portrait
Prirately printed.
J0NES9 Chartjecs Coix^ock, Jr. Negro Slaves daring the Civil War.
Magtuine of American Hiitory ior Aagiut, 18(38, pp. 168-175.

Jokes, Charles Colcock, Jr. A Journal of the Transactions of the Trus-
tees for establishing the Colony of Georgia, in America. By the R^
Hon^i' John, Earl of Egmont, Viscount Percevai, of Canturk. Baron Per-
ceval, of Burton, one of his Majesty's most Privy Cooncil in the King-
dom of Ireland, and first President, of the Board of Trustees of the

Colony of Georgia. No w first printed. Wormsloe, 1886.
4to, pp. 493.
Privately printed.
49 copies.
Edited, with prefktory note, and annotited by Charles C. Jones, jr, LL D.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Monnroent to Gwinnett, Hall, and Walton,
Signers from Georgia of the Declaration of Independence.
Ma>gazine 0/ American Biitory for February, 1887, pp. 133, 134.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. The Old South. ' Address delivered before
the Confedera,te Survivors' Associatiou, iu Augusta, Ga.,. on the occa-
sion of its Ninth Annual Reunion, ou Memorial Day, April 26th, 1887,
by Col. Charles C. Jones, jr., LL. D., Prosidnut of the Association. Au-
gusta, G a., 1887.

8vo, pp. 23.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. The Life and Services of the Honorable
Maj. Gen. Samuel Elbert, of Georgia. By Charles C. Jones, jr., LL. D.
An address delivered before the Georgia Historical Society, at Savan-
nah, on the 6th of December, 1885. Cambridge : The Riverside Press,
MDCCCLXXXVn.
8vo, pp. 48.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Hon. R. M. T. Hunter, Post-Bellum
Mortality among Confederates. Address delivered before the Con-
federate Survivors' Association at its Quarterly Meeting in Augusta,
Georgia, August 2, 1887, by Col. Charts C. Jones, jr., LL. D., President
of the Association. Augusta, Ga., 1887.
' 8to, pp. 9.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Memorandum of Roate pursued by Colonel

Campbell in 1779, from Savannah to Augusta, Georgia. Annotated by

Charles C. Jones, jr., LL. D.

Magcuihe of American Sistory for September, 1887, pp. 250»268, and for October,
1887, pp. 342*^8.

MBLIOGBAPHY — POBD. 293

Jokes, Cuamles Colcock, Jr. The English Colonizaticm of, Georgia,
1733-1752. " Narrative and Critical Hiitory of America," Vol. v, pp.
357-406. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflia and Company.
.Cambridge : The Riverside Press, 16B7. '
12 illastratioDa.

JONBS, CuAULES CoLcocK, Jr. The Evacuation of Battery Wagner aud
the Battle of Ocean Pond. An Address delivered before the Couted-
erate Suryivors' Associatiou, in Augusta, Georgia, on the occasion of
its Tenth Annual Reunion, on Memorial Day, April 26th, 18^, by Col.
Charles C^ Jones, jr., LL. D., President of the Association. Augusta,
Ga., 188d.

Sro, pp. 20.

JONKS, Charles Colcock, Jr. Negro Myths from the Georgia Coast, told
in the vernacular. By Charles C. Jones, jr., LL. D. Boston and New
York : Houghton, Mifflin and Company. Cambridge : The Riverside
Press, 1888. •

16mo, pp. I7l.
Edition, 1,000 copies. EIectrotyi>ed.

Jones, Cuarlks Colcock, Jr. The Promulgation of the Declaration of
Independence in Savannah, Georgia.

Magazine of American Hitlory for September, 1888; pp. 202, 203.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. A Roster of the General Officers of the
Couiederate States of America.

The ColUetor for January, 1889, pp. 67-419, and for February, 1889, pp. 92-04.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Address delivered at Midway Meeting
House in Liberty County, Georgia, on the Second Wednesday in March,
1889, on the occasion of the Relating of the Comer-Stone of a Monu-
ment to be erected in honor of the Founding of Midway Chnrch and
Congregation. By Charles C. Jones, Jr., LL. D. Angnsta, Ga., 1889.

8vo, pp. 20.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Georgians during the War between the
States. An address delivered before the Confederate Survivors' Asso-
ciation, in Augusta, Georgia, on the occasion of its Eleventh Annual
Reunion, on Memorial Day, April 26, 1889, by Col. Charles C. Jones,
Jr., LL. D., President of the Association. Augusta, Ga., 1889.

8to, pp. 84.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Kings, Presidents, and Governors of
Georgia, 1732-1889.

Magazine of American History for October, 1889, pp. 807-300.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Article " Georgia "

Chambers' " New Encyclopaedia," 1889.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. ^ Memorial History of Augusta, Georgia,
during the Eighteenth Century. Syracuse, N. Y. : D. Mason and Com-
pany, 1889.
In press.

Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr. Memorial History of Savannah, Georgia,
during the Eighteenth Century. Syracuse, N. Y. : D. Mason and Com-
pany, 18S9.
InprsM.

294 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

t
Kkluno, Hbjs'RY. Historical Sketch of the Order of Knigits ofPythlaa
in Waaliington Territory. •- Walla Walla, 1886.
12mo. •

Six pagefl in 12mo pamphlet in ''Pyhtian Points," pnblial^ed by iTUihoe Lodge,
Ko. l,K.ofP.

Kelung, Henry. Municipal History, a Condensed Review of the Govern-
^inent of Walla Walla City, from its organizatiou to the present time.
Pnbliflhed an a supplement to the Watta Watia DaUy Statetman, August 7, 188a
Would Intake a 20*page, 8to pamphlet, In which shape it will soon be privately
prfnted.
Kelsey, Francis Wuxby. The Genesis of Modern Free Institntions.

The New Englander, YoL vn, No. 40, new series, July, 1884, 8yo, pp. 4^-500.
Keusey, Francis Willey. The States General of France.

I. The Origin of the States OenenJ. The New Unglander, VoL vn; No. 42, new
series, November, 1884, pp. 704-787.

II. The Constitotion.of the States General. The New Bnglander, YoL viii, Janu-
ary, 1885, pp. 25-50.

IIL The l^owers and Functions of the States (General. The New bnglander, YoL
vnt, September. 1886, pp. 890-705 ; also YoL vin, November, 188S, pp. 818-^28.

lY, The Causes of the Decline of the States General. 27m New Englander, Yol.
IX, October, 18Q0, pp. 836-850.

Kelsey, Francis Willey. Caaaar^s Gallic War. The Latin text, with
historical Introdaction (pp. 1-46), notes, and vooahalary. By Francis
W. Kelsey. Boston : John Allyn, 1686.
8vo, pp. (7) 600.

Fourth revised edition, Boston, AUyn &. Baoon, 1890.
Number of copies in the four editions, 21,000.

Illustrated with 6 chromo-lithograph plates, portrait of Ctesar, map of Craul^ and
14 iMittle plans in two colors, based upon the plans in the Atlas published with
Napoleon's *' Histoire de Jules C6sar."
Noticed in The Nation, New York, Yal, xliv, No. 1124, January 13, 1887, p. 34 ; The
OriUe, New York, Yol. vn, No. 164, February 19, 1887, p. 89.

Kelsey, Francis Willey. M. Tulli Ciceronis Cato Maior de Senectute,
Laetins de Amlcitia. With introductions and notes by James S. Beid,
M. L., Fellow of Gonville and Cains College, Cambridge. American
edition, revised by Francis W. Kelsey. Boston : John AUyn, 1882.
Third edition, 1887.

pp. 272. Number of copies in three editions, 8,000.

The introductions (pp. 39) discuss Cicero ab a philosopher and the matter of the
dialogues.
Kelsey, Francis Willey. Xenophon's Anabasis. Books I-I V . Edited by
Francis W. Kelsey and Andrew C. Zenos. With an historical introduc •
tion [pp. 1-49] by 'E'rancis W. Kelsey, Ph. D., Professor in the Univer-
sity of Michigan. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1889.

8to, pp. (6) 564. 3,000 copies printed.

Illustrated with 4 chromolithograph plates, a map, and 6 plans showing military
movements.

Kelsey, Francis Willey, T. Lucreti Cari de Reram Natara Libri ;Sex.
With an introdaction and notes to Books I, III, and V. By Francis
W. Kelsey. Boston : John AUyn, 1884.

pp. 444.

Edition, 1.000 copies. Second edition. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, 1389.

The introduction (pp. 50) discusses the life and personality of Lucretius, his mis-
sion in philosophy, and bis rank as a poet.

Noticdl : The Academy (London), No. O'lO, April 15, 1885; The PreebyteriAn Review,
July. 1885, p. 582.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FOBD. • 295

Kelsey, Fbamcis Willey. An Outline of the Greek and the Roman Myth-
ology. By FranoiB W. Eelsey, Ph. D., Professor of Latin in the Uni-
versity ot Michigan. Boston : Allyn and Bacon, I'^BQ.

pp.40.

Kklton, Dwight H. Annals of Fort Mackinac. By Dwight H. Kelton,

LL. D., Captain U. S. Army. 1889.
8to, pp. 144. Blastrated . 1 , 000 copies .

Keltom, Dwight H. Indian Names and History of the Saolt Ste. Marie
Canal. 1889.

'^ 8to, pp. 82, illiutrated, 1,600 oopiea.

KsLTON, Dwight H. Indian Names of Places near the Great Lakes. VoL
I. 1888.

8to, pp. 55. 500 copies.

Vol. 2, 04 pp., now in press. All of the " Indian Names " were written by the em*
inent philologist and Indian scholar, the late Very Rev. Edward Jaoker, of Michi-
gan. In compliance with his request he was not credited with being the author.

King, Horatio. History of the Beginning of the Rebellion. A brief ac-
ooant C^hy our own correspondent," New York Timegj ander date No-
vember 27, 1865) of plots and conspiracies in Washington City and
vicinity in the winter of 1861.

King, Horatio. Pai)er in defence of James Bnchanan, embracing private
letters from him teaching the civil war, the assassination of President
Lincoln, etc.

Xew York Galaxy, October, 1870.

King, Horatio. Reminiscences of the Early Stages of the Rebellion.

LippincoU'g Magatine, Philadelphia, April, 1872.

King, Horatio. The Graves and Cilley Duel.

National Magazine, Washington, 1). C, February, 1875.

Kino, Horatio. Buchanan's Loyalty, - embracing private letters from
Franklin Pierce, John A. Dix, Naham Gapen, Edward Everett, Dan-
iel S. Dickinson, and the author.

OmUury Magazine, New York, December, 1881.

King, Horatio. President Bachanan Vindicated.

Magazine of American History, New York, May, 1883.

King, Horatio. The Battle of Bladenshurg and Bnming of Washington
in 1814.

Magazine of American Hittoty, New York, November, 1885. Also article on
"Bladensbarg Races," In January number, 1886, and letter firom British Chaplain-
General, George K. Gloig, etc., relating to the battle, in number for May, 1886.

King, Horatio. The Trent Affair.

Magazine of American History, New York, If arch, 1886.

King, Horatio. My First and Last Sight of Abraham Lincoln.
Magazine of American History, New York, September, 1886.

King, Horatio. Incidents in Sir Walter Ealeigh's Life.
Magazine of American Bistory, March, 1887.

King, Horatio. Private letter from President Buchanan to Royal Phelpsi
December, 1860.

Meigazine qf American History, July, 1887.

296 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

KiKG, HORATIO. '' The Genesis of the Civil War," a oritiqae on Qenerai

Samuel W. Crawford's book under that title, and in Tindioation of the

administration of President Buchanan.

Nationai JtepubKeaii, WMhinKton, FebroAry 2, 1888^ and New Fork Sunday Star,
February ft-12, i88&

King, John Alsop. The Framing of the Federal Constitution and the
Causes leading thereto. [Address delivered by Mr. King, President
of the New York Historical Society, on its 83d Anniversary, on, the 1.5th
day of November, 1887, and printed by order of the Society in 1688. ]

870, pp. 40.
250 oopiea.

Kino, RtJFUS. American Commonwealths. Ohio : First Fruits of the Or-
dinance of 1787. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin Sl Co., 1888.
12ino, pp. 427, two maps.
Edition, 1, 600 oopiea.

RoTiewed in: Oineinnati Oommereial QcuetU; OleveUmd Leader; Ohieago Timse;
Bufaio Expreee,- BotUm Advertieer, Traveller, Traneeript, and Poet; yew York Even-
ing Poet^ Natum, and Oritie: Philadelphia Ledger; Penn Sehool Journal; Bethlehem
Moravian; The Capiiol, Waahington.

Kingsbury, Frbderigk John. Chicago in 1856.
Putnam'e Magazine, Vol. vii.

Kingsbury, Frederick John. Recollections of James 6. Percival.
Putnam*e Magaxme, Vol. vni.

KiNGSBORY, Frederick John. Jeremiah Day, D. D., LL. D., President
of Yale College.

New Haven Palladium^ Angust 29, 1867.

Kingsbury, Frederick John. Hon. Charles G. Loring.

Waterbury American, October 16, 1867.

Kingsbury, Frederick John. Silas Bronson.

Preface to fine catalogne of Bronson Library, Waterbnry, 1868.

Kingsbury, Frederick John. Cliief Justice Joel Hinman.

"Connecticnt Reports," Vol. xxxv; Cothren'a *' History of Woodbury," Vol. n.

Kingsbury, Frederick John. Samuel Alfred Foote, LL. D., Chief Jus-
tice New York Court of Appeals.

Waterbury American, November 12, 1873.

Kingsbury, Frederick John. Old Connecticut.

New Baven Colony HietoriaU Society Papere, Vol. m.

Also in pamphlet, New Haven : Tuttlo, Morehooae & Taylor, 18^.

Kingsbury, Frederick John. Dutch Words and Names.

Papere oj the American Hietorical Aeeoiiation, Vol. i.

Kingsbury, Frederick John. Leavenworth Genealogy. Several bio-
graphical sketches. Syracuse: £. W. Leavenworth, 1873.

Knight, Qeorge Wells. Papers of the American Historical Association.
Vol. 1. No. 3. History and Management of Land Qrante for Education
in the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wiscon-
sin). By George W. Knight, Ph. D. New York and London : O. P.
Putnam's Sons, The Knickerbocker Press, 1685.

8vo, pp. 73-248.

Knight, George Wells. Sketch of the History of Land Grants for Com-
mon Schools in Michigau.

In printed pftpern of the Hiohlgan Sioneer Society, 885.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^PORD. 297

Knight, Gsorob Wells. Hisfory of Educational Progress in Ohio. By
George W. Knigbt, Ph. D. Columbus, Ohio : Henry Howe A. 8on,
1888-'89.

A special chapter in '* The History of Ohio," by Henry Howe, two volnmee.

Ladd, Horatio Ouvbr. Elements of Natoral Science in oar Public
Sohoolfl. By Pi-of. Horatio O. Ladd, Principal of State Normal School,
Plymouth, N. H. A lecture before the American Institute of Instruc-
tion.

Tk§ Annual Pubhcathn ^ the JntUluU, 1870, 8vo, pp, 13.

Ladd, Horatio Outer. A memorial of John S. C. Abbott, D. D. By
Rev. Horatio O. Ladd. Boston : A. Williams A Co., 283 Washington
street, 1878.

8vo, pp. 40, 1 plate.

Edition, 800 oopiee.

Ladd, Horatio Ouver, Minor Wars of the United States. History of
the War with Mexico. By Horatio O. Ladd, A. H. New York : Dodd,
Mead. & Company, Publishers.
Syo, pp^ 328. 3 plates.

Ladd, Horatio Oliver. Indian Education in the Southwest.

An open letter in Century Mofftutine, 1888.

Ladd, Horatio Ouvsr. Ramona Days. A Quarterly Magazine devoted
to Indian Education. Published at Santa F^, N. M., from March, 1887,
to October, 1888.

Ladd, Horatio Oliver. The Ramona School for Apache Girls. By
Horatio O. Ladd. A. M.

Wide Awake, September, 1889.^

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Lyme. A Chapter of American Genealogy. By
Mrs. Martha J. Lamb. •

jRarp^'e Mttgaxme, Vol. ui. No. 8, February, 1876, 8vo, pp. 313-338, illuitrated.
This article incladea a biatorical slcetch of the oaroer of Chief Jastioe Waite,
with genealo^ of his family.

Lamb, Mrs. IMartha J. Newark, New Jersey. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.
Harper' $ Magazine, Vol. uii, No. 5, October, 1876, 8vo, pp. 660-678, illnstrated.
This hiatorio sketch of the city of Newark includes family genealogy to some ex-
tent, and an elaborate picture of the industries of the place.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Tombs in Old Trinity. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.
Harper' 9 Magazine, Vol. un, Ne. 6, November, 1876, 8vo, pp. 865-876, iUnstrated.
Historic and biographical sketches of sevens noted Americans contained in this
p^Mn*.

Lamb^ Mrs. Martha J. State and Society in Washington; By Mrs. Mar-
tha J. L&rob.

Harper' e Magazine, Vol. lvi, No. 4, March, 1878, 8vo, pp. 481-500, illustrated.
This was the first magazine article ever written on the various features of the
State Department at Washington.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. The Coast Survey. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Harper'* Magazine, Vol. Lvin, No. 4, March, 187B, 8vo, pp. 506-521, illustrated.

This historic sketch of the Coast Survey was the first ever written in popular
stjie ftor tlie general reader, and has been adopted as a text-book in some of the
scowls.

298 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIOiJ.

\
Lamb/ Mrs. Martha J. The Homed of Ameilca. By Mn. Martha J.

Lamb. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1879.
Imperial Svo, pp. 236, 100 illustrations.

This work is divided into the colonial parlod, the later period, and the modem
period, with sketcheA of representative homes in eadi, aqd the progress of domestic
architectnre is traced through the decades.

Lamb, Mra. Martha J. Historical Sketch of New York City for the Tenth
Ceosas. Report on the Social Statistics of Cities. Vol. XVlII. Part I.
1880. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb. Washingtou, D. C. : Department of
the Interior.

Square folio, pp. 25.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. History of the City of New York. Its Origin, Rise,
and Progress. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb. New York : A. S. Barnes &.
Co.,1880-'81.

2 vols., royal 8vo, pp. 1620, 313 illustrations. Edition, 7,000 copies.
The work has been reviewed in upwards of two thousand leading i>eriodioals in
America and Europe.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Biography of Dr. John D. Russ. By Mrs. Martha
J. Lamb. Printed for private circulation, 188>.
Square 12mo, pp. 100. Edition 200 copies.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. The American Life-Saving Service. By Mrs. Mar-
tha J. Lamb.

Harper' t Magazine, February, 1882, Vol. lxiv. No. 3, 8vo, pp. 357-873, illustrated.

iiAMB, Mrs. Martha J. Christmas Season in Dntch New York. By Mrs.
Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine qf American History, Vol. x, No. 6, Becembert 1883, 6vo, pp. 471-474.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Wall Street in History. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.
New York : Published by Funk <& Wagnalls, 1883.
Square octavo, pp. 05, 94 illustrations.

This work gives in concise, popular, and aathentio form the most notable events
which have rendered Wall stf^t famous ; its early history, its assodations with
the political, social, and monetary life of New York, and its many-sided picturesque
features during the centuries past.

Originally appeared in the Magazine of Atneriean Hittory for May. June, and
July, 1883.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Brissot De Warville. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of Ameriean History, VoL xi. No. 3, March, 1884, Svo, pp. 244-24&

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. The Van Bensselaer Manor. By Mrs. Martha J.
Lamb.

Magazine of American Hieiory, Vol. xi, No. 1, January, 1884^ Svo, pp. 1-32, illoa-
trated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. William III of England. His Inflnence on
America. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American Hietory, Vol. xi, No. 5, May 1884, Svo, pp. 421-423.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. A Glimpse of the Valley of Many Waters. By
Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American History, YoL xil. No. 3, September, 1884, 8vo, pp. 183-210,
illustrated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Unsaccessful Candidates for the Presidency of
the Nation. By Mra. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American Hittory, Vol. xii, Nos. 5 and 0, Novembex', 1884, Deoember,
1884, Svo, pp. 385-413, 481-502, illustrated. ^

t .

mBLIOQBAPHY — ^POBD.

299

Lamb, Mrs. Maktua J. The Manor of Gardiner's Island. By Mrs. Mar-
tha J. Lamb.

Magazine of Ameriean Hitiory^ Vol. xui, No. 1. Jannarj; 1885, 6vo. pp. 1-30, illus-
trated.

Lamb, Mnt. Martha J. The Frauers of the Constitution. By Mrs. Mar-
tha J. Lamb.
^ Magazine of Am€ricnn History^ Vol. xni, No. 4, April, 1885, 8fo, pp. 313-345, illus-
trated. I
This important paper was written by reqnost and read before the Bhode Island
. Historical Society preparatory to the celebration of the Constitution at Philadel-
phia.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Elizabeth. England's Sovereign from 1588 to
1603. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American Hiatery, YoL xni, No. 6, Jono, 1885, 8to, pp. 568-572.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. March of the New fork Seventh Regiment. The
Qreat Uiirising in New York City in 1861. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.
Magazine of American Hwtory, YoL Ziv, No. 1, Jaly. 1885, 8vo, pp. 58-68, Ulna-
trat6d.

Lamb, Mrs. BCartha J. Major-General John A. Dix. By Mrs. Martha J.

Lamb.
• Magazine of American History, Yol. xir, No. 2. August, 1885, 8vo, pp. 154-169.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. General Grant's RestiDg Place. Its Historic As-
sociations. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American History, Yol. xiv. No. 3, September, 1885, 8vo, pp. 225-248,
lllastrated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Historic Homes. The Brooklyn Honse of Philip
LivingstoD, the Signer. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Mcigazine of Ameriean History, Yol. xiv, No. 6, December, 1885, 8to, pp. 546-555,
illustrated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. The New- Year's Holiday. Its Origin and Ob-
servances. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of Ameriean History, Yol. xv. No. 1, January, 1886, 8vo, pp. 79-81.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Van Cortlandt Manor-Hoase. By Mrs. Martha
J. Lamb.

Magazine of Ameriean History, YoL xv, No. 3, March, 1886, 8vo, pp. 217-236, illus-
trated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. A Neglected Corner of the Metropolis. Historic
Homes in Lafayette Place. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of Afnerican History, Yol. xvi, No. 1, July, 1886, 8ro, pp. 1-29, illus-
trated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. By Mrs. Mar-
tha J. Lamb.

Magazine-of American History, Yol. xvi, No. 2, Auf^uat, 1886, Rto, pp. 182-187,
Ulnstrated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. An lllastrated Chapter of Beginnings. The
Founder, Presidents, Homes, and Treasures of the New York Histor-
ical Society. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of Ameriean History, Yol. xvi. No. 3, September, 1886, 8vo, pp. 209-244
Illustrated.

300 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSO€IATtOK.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. One New England Thanksgiving. By Mrs. Mai^
tha J. Lamb.

Magatine t^ American HiHory, Vol. xvi, Xo. 6, December, IMS; 8to, pp. 505-415.
Ulastnted.

ThU paper wae copied as a whole into the Library of American Liierature, by
Stedman Se, Hutchinson.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Historic Homes on Golden Hills. What an Ont-
of-the-way Town has Given to the World. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.
Magatin^ of American Hietory, Vol. xvii. No. 3, March, 1687, 8vo, pp. 217-232, iUns-
trated.
The above sketch relates to Platnfleld, Mass., snd its many historic characters.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Henry Ward Beecher. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine qf American Biatory, Vol. xvil, No. 4, April, 1887, 8vo, pp. 307-300.

LABfB, Mrs. Martha J. The White House and its Memories. Historic
Homes of onr Presidents. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magaxine of American Hittory, Vol. xvii.No. fi| May. 1887, 8vo, pp. 381-401. illus-
trated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Governor Robert Mouckton. By Mrs. Martha J.
Lamb.

Magazine o/Atneriean Biitory, VoL xvii, No. 6, Jane, 1887, 8vo, pp. 470-473.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Henry Laurens in the London Tower. By Mrs. «
Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American Hietory, Vol. xvnt, No.l, Joly.1887^8vo, pp. 1-12. IUob-
trated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. A Love Romance in History. By Mrs. Mftrtha J.
Lamb.
* Magazine of American Hietory, Vol. xviii, No. 2, Aagast, 1887, 8yo, pp. 150-153.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. The Origin uf New York. Glimpse of the Famous
Dutch West India Company. By Mvh. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine qf American Hittory^ Vol. xvui, No. 4, October, 1887, 8vo, pp. 273-288,
illnstrated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. The Manor of Shelter Island. Historic Home of
the Sylvesters. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American Hietory, Vol. xvtii. No. 5, November, 1887#8vo^ pp. 381-3^,
iltastrated.

Labcb, Mrs. Martha J. Our Country Fifty Years Ago. Some Incidents
' in Connection with Lafayette's Visit. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American Hietory, Vol. xviii, No. 8, December, 1887, 8vo, pp. 457-477,
iUnatrated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Thurlow Weed's Home in New York City. By •
Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magaziixe of American Hietory, Vol. xix. No. 1, Janaary, 1888, 8vo, pp. 1-20, lUos-
trated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. George Washington. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.
Magazine of Am^iean Hietory, Vol. xix. No. 2, February, 1888, 8vo, pp. 97-113,
illustrated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Unpublished Washington Portraits. Some of
the Early Artists. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of A merican Hietory, Vol. Xix. No. 4, April, 1888, 8vo, pp. 273-285, iUna-
trated.

BIBUOGRAWIY — FORD. 301

IaAMB, Mrs. Martha J. Alfred Smith Barnes. Half a Ceutury as a
School Book PablJBher. By Mm. Martha J. Lamb. '

Mag€um€ ^ Amtricwi HUtorijt VoLxiX, No. 5, May, 1888, 8to, pp, 361-373, illua-
tmted.

IjAMB, Mrs. Martha J. Chief- Justice Morrison Remick Waite. His Home
in'WusluDgton. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magaxine of Aineriean Hiitory, Vol. XX. No. 1, July, 1888, 8vo, pp. 1-16, iUua-
trated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. About Philadelphia in ITfiO. By Mrs. Martha
J. Lsmb.

Jfttgatins 0/ American Hutory\ Vol. xx, No. 2, Augakt, 1888, 8to, pp. 104-108.

Lamb,' Mrs. Martha J. Marietta, Oliio, 1788-1H8H. Foundation of Civil
GrOTernment lieyond the Ohio River. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American Hittory, VoL xx, No. 3, September, 1888, 8vo. p^, 160-192,
illustrated.

LiAMB, Mrs. Martha J. The Inaogtiration of Washington, 1789. By Mrs.
Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American Hietory, VoL xx, N».6, Docember, 1888, 8to, pp. 433-460.
illuiitrated. •

This paper wm written by special reqnoAt, and ruad by Mrs. Martba J. Lamb
before the New York Hi^ttorical Society at the opening; meeting of the seaeon,
October 2. 1888. It was the initio paper oo the sabjeot.
LiAMB, Mrs. Martha J. Historic Homes and Landmarks. Tbeir Sigoifi-
canT. and Present Condition. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb. •

Magazine of American nwtory.VoLxxi.No.l.Janaary, 1889. and No. 2, March,
1889. pp. 1-23 and pp. 177-207 ; Vol. xxil. No. 3, September. 1889. 8to, pp. 177-203, illas-
trated.

These papers embody much fresh material and the result of rose.'trohes neTrr
before made.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Washington as President, 1789-1790. New York
City the 8e»t of Qovernnient.. By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American Hietory, Vol. xxi,No.2, February, 1889. 8vo, pp. 89-112,
lUnslrated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. Washington and Some of His ConteraporurieH.
By Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of A meriean Ilietory, Vol. xxi. No. 4, April, 1889, 8vo, pp. 273-20S, illns-
tialed.

Lamb, Mm. Martha J. Wasbiugtou'd Historic Luncheon in Elizabeth.
The Homes of Klias Bondinot and Governor Livingston. By Mrs.
Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American History, Vul. xxi, No. 5, May, 1889, 8vo, pp. 361-380, illns-
tr.it(d.

Lamb, Mr:i. Martha J. Oak Hill, the Home of President Monroe. By
Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American History, Vol. xxi. No. 5. May, 1889, 8vo, pp. 381-385, illus-
trated.

Lamb, Mrs. Martha J. The Story of the Washington Centennial. By
Mrs. Martha J. Lamb.

Magazine of American Hietory, July, 1889, Vol. xxn. No. 1, 8vo, pp. 1-36, illus-
trated.

Labcb, Mrs. Martha J. Mrs. Rntherford B. Hayes. By Mrs. Martha J.
Lamb.

Magazine of American Hietory, August, 1889, Vol. xxn, Ko.2, 8to, pp. 158, 159.

•

302 ami:k:can historical association.

Launed, Joseph us Xelson. Our Mouey Problem, in the light of the
perience of England with an Inconvertible Paper Currency.
The AOantie M<^)itfily, Vol. xxv, No 151, May. 1870, 8yo, pp. 615-428.

Larned, Joseph us Nelson. Letters, Poems, and Selected Prose Writings
A>f David Gray. [Edinburgh, Scotland, 1«36 ; Buffalo, New York, 1888. ]
Edited, with a Biographical Memoir, by J. N. Lamed. Buffalo : The
Courier Company, Printers, \f^^S.

2 vols., 12mo, pp. Tiii, 351, 40S, portrait.
Privately printed.

Edition, 1,700 copies.

Contents: Vol. I, biographical memoir, pp. 1-208; poems, pp. 209-310; lectures
and misoellaay, 311-351; Vol. II. letters of travel.

Lea, Henry Charles. Superstition and Force. Eisays on the Wager of
Laf7, the Wager of Battle, the Ordeal and Torture. Philadelphia, ld6&
12mo, pp. 552, not electrotyped.
Second edition, 1870 ; third edition, 1878.

Lea, Henry -Charles. An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the
Christian Church. 18(57. ^
8vo, pp. 682, not electrotjped.
Second edition, 1884.

Lba, Henry Charles. Studies in Church History. The Rise of the Tem-
poral Power; Benefit of Clergy ; Excommnuicatiou ; the Early Qhurck
, and Slavery. 1869.

12mo, pp. 002, not electrotyped.
Second edition. 1884.

Lea, Henry Charles. A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ap^es.

1888.

3 vols., 8vo, pp. 583. 587, 736, electrotyped.

Reviewed in EnglUh Historical Review^ October, 1888, by Lord Acton ; Annalts de
Bibliographie Thioloffique, 15 Jnin, 1888, by ^douardMontet; Revue Hitlorique, Mai-
Juin, 1889, by Charles V. Langlois; Arehivio Veneto, Tom. xxxv, P«rte ii, 1888. by
BmilioCamba; Arehivio Stovieo Italiano, Serie v, T. ii, 1889, by Connt BslEi^ni : Theo-
logitche Literaturzextung, 1888, No. 23, by Fr. Helnr Beusch; Sybel'9 HittorUche
Zeittehrift, 1880, H. 4, by Wilhelm Bemardi.

Also, recent essays in periodicals on ** Confiscation for Heresy in theMiddle Ages,"
English Historical Review, April, 1887 ; "BlSantoNiuo do la Gnartlia," Ibid., April,
1889; " Indulgences in Spain." Trantactions of American Church History SoA^ty,
YoL 1, 1889 ; "l?he Martyrdom of San Pedro Arbn6s,"P<Kper« f^ American Hietorical
Atsoeiation, 1889.

Leeds, Josiah Woodward. The Primitive Christians' Estimate of War

and Self-Defence. By Josiah W. Leeds.

Justin Martyr. Tertnllian.

Athenagoras. Arnobius.

IrenaBUS. Lactantius.

Clement, of Alexandria. Epistle to Diognetiia.

Cyprian . Ignatius, of Antioch.

New Vienna, Ohio, Peace Association of Friends in America, 1676.
lOmo, pp. 00.

Leeds, Josiah Woodward. A History of the United States of America.
Including some Important Facts mostly omitted in the Smaller His-
tories. Designed for General Reading and for Academies. By JosSah W.
Leeds. Third edition. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippiucott & Co., 1881.
12mo, pp. 479, maps. Three editions, 2, 250 copieb, electrotyped.

BIBLIOGRAPHY— FORD. 303

Oceapiea the Tiew-point of peace and thei amicable determination of international
differencea. A copy being aent to the eminent French historian, Roseeuw Baint-
Hilaire, he responded that be would present it to the historical section of the In-
stitute of Franco, "explaining the special stand'point from which it had been
written." ^ Anibal Pinto, President of the Bopablio of Chili, having received a copy
(1880) while engaged in the war with Pern and Bolivia, replied to the author that
he wonld have gladly submitted the claims of bis country to arhitration, and he
would rejoice to see the end of the war in which he was then embroiled.

Reviewed (by £lihu Burritt) in Literary World, November, 1877, The Nation,
January 10, 1^78, Serald of Peace, London, August, 1877.

Leeds, Josiah Woodward. A Smaller History of the United States. By
Josiah W. Leeds, Author of a Larger ^' History of the United States."
Philadelphia, 528 Walnut Street : Pnhlished for the Author, 1889.

12mo, pp. 305, illustrated.

Four editions, 2,950 copies, electrotyped. (The previous editions were published
by J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1882- '86). '

There are 55 illnst rations, including maps, but no representations of battles. The
wars are all narrated, though briefly. '* As a compensation, it is hoped, for brevity
in the direction which has been indicated, space has been found for the insertion of
a lengthy chapter upon the work of the various government departments, wherein
the student will obtain an insight into such U80.tul matters of current history and
administration as the coast survoy, the life-saving and weather- signal services,
immigration, the revenue, the public lands, the geological snrvey of the Territories,
etc. * ^ * Finally, in lieu of auy teaching which might seem to support so nar-
row and mischievous a political maxim a,^ that which declares for " my country,
right or wrong," the attempt has been made throagh the lessons deducible from
our history to magnify the truthfulness of that noble and more Christian motto of
our late President, ' I would rather be beaten in the right than succeed in the
wrong.' " — Extract from Pr^aee.

Lbvbrmore, Charles Herbert. Witchcraft in Connecticut. By Charles
H. Levermore, A. B., (Yale).

KewEnglander and Tale Review, November, 1885, Vol. XLIV, No. 188, Article III.
8vo. pp. 78^-81 7.

Historians of Connecticut and of the witchcraft delusion have been ignorant of
the number and importance of the trialH in Connecticut for cbe alleged crime of
" Familiarity with ye devil." This article enumeraie;* a total of 8, possibly 0, execu-
tions, of 3 more verdicts of '* Gruil^ " that were set aside, and of either 21 or 22 in-
dictments altogether.

Levermore, Charles Herbert. The Repnhlic of New Haven. A His-
tory of Mnniclpal Eyolntion. By Charles H. Levermore, Ph. D. , Fellow
in History, 1884-5, Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore : N. Murray,
Pnhlication Agent, Johns Hopkins University. 1886.
8vo, pp. 342, three diagrams.

Extra Volume I of the Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Politi-
cal Science.

Levermore, Charles Herbert. The Town and City Government of
New Haven. By Charles H. Levermore, Ph. D., Fellow in History,
1884-^, Johns Hopkins University. Johns Hopkins University Studies
in Historical and Political Science. Herbert B. Adams, Editor. Fourth
Series, No. X. Baltimore: N. Murray, Publication Agent, Johns Hop-
kins University, Octoher, 1886.
8vo, pp. 103.

The last two chapters of the volume on the Republic of New Haven (Extra Vol-
ume I of the J. H. U. Studies) republished with but slight abridgement in this vol-
ume (IV) of the regular series of studies.

304 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

LifcVERMORE, Charles Herbert. History of (lie Town Governmeni and
of the City Goverqment of Now Hnvcn, W'ith listH of town and city
officers. By Charles H. Levcrraore, Ph. D. [Being the chapters on the
History of the Mnnictpal Govornnient in the History. of the City of
New Haven to the Pre8«*nt Time. Bv an Assooiatiou of Writers. Edited
hy EdwarJ E. Atwater.] New York : W. W. Mnnsell & Co., 1887.

4to, pp. 422-458.

Lbvbrmoiik, Charles Herbert. Pilgrim and Kniokerhooker in the Con-
necticut Valley. By Chailcs H. Levermurc, Ph. D., Associate Professor
of History, Massachusetts lustitnte of Technology.

9 New England Magazine, Xew Series, Vol. I, No. 2, October, 1889. 8vo, pp. 173-162.

Levebmore, Charles Herbert. Two Centuries and a Half in the Town
of Guilford, Conn., 163'J-1889. By Charles H. Levorraore, Ph. D.. Asso-
oiat>e Professor of History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Xeuf England Magazine, Ve«- Serirs, VoL I, No. 4, December, 1880, 8vo, pp. 15, lllas-
trated.

Lindsley, Jo^n Berrien. Address delivered before the Alumni Society of
the University of Nashville by John Berrien Liudsley, Agent of the
Building and Executive Couiuiittcu, on tlic 3d of October, 1854. Pub-
lished by req iiest of the Board of Trustees, Nash v ilia, Cameron <Sc Fall,
Book and Job Printers, Corner of College and Union Streets, 1854.

8vo, pp. 25.

Edition, 1,000 copieii.

Contains a history' ol' tbo University.

Lindsley, John Bkrrikn. An Address on the Life and Character of
Robert M. Porter, M. D., Lat« Professor of Anatomy in the. University
of Nashville. By Jobn Berrien Lindsley, M. D., Chancellor of the
University. Delivered at Nashville, Nov. 8, 1856. Published by the
class. Nashville, Tenn. : Printed by £. Valette, 1850.

Hvo, pp. 47.

Edition, 7,000 copi'eft.

LiNDSiJEY, John Berrien. On Medical Colleges. An lutiodnctory Lec-
ture to the course of 1858-'59 in the Medical Department of the Uni-
versity of Nashville. By J. Berrien Lindsley, Chancellor of the Uni-
versity. Published by the class. Nashville: Printed by Jamea T.
Bell 4& Co., Daily Gazette Office, 1658.
8vo, pp. 22.
Edition, 2,000 copies.

Brief akctcb of American medical tduoation, with saggeations for improTeiiients,
most of which have been adopted by the gr6at schools.

Lindsley, John Berrien. Our Ruin : Its Cause and Cure. By a Poor
Rich Man. Nashville, Tennessee, November 14, 1868.
6vo, pp. 16.
Edition, 2,000 copies.

A "reconstruction" pamphlet. Led to the ousting of the city Kovemnieiit of
Nashville and the appointment of a receiver, an event nnprcocdented in Ameri>
can municipal annals.

Lindsley, Joiix Berrien. University of Nashville. Important Report
by Chancellor Lindsley. The Present Condition and Prospects of the
University.

8vo, pp. 8.

Edition. 500 copies.

Reprint from ZHiity Union and American, May, 1870.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD.

305

liiKDSLEY, John Bbrbiex. Report of Prof* J. B. J^^lDdsleyy M. D., Cbair-
man of the Committee ou Education to tbe Nashville Board of Trade,
October 2d, 1871. NaebviUe, Tenn. : Printed at '^ Union and American'^
Book and Jobs Rooms, 1871.

8vo, pp. 14.

Bdition, 500 copies.

Reprint from Union and American. .

Showing the oariy and cootinaed ffluinenoe of Nashville in educational work.

liiNDSLEY, John Bkriuen. African Colonization and Christian Missions.
Theological Medium, Vol. IX, October, 1873, 8 vo, pp. 24.
Edition, nearly 1.000 copies ; reprint, 800 copies. Widely circulated.
Favorably noticed with copious extracts in African JUpotUory^ 1874.^ It solves
the African problem, as time is now demonstrating by Christian civilization.

LfiNDSLBY, John Berrien. On Prison Discipline and Penal Legislation ;
With Special Reference to the State of Tennessee. Written for tbe
July number of the Theological Medium. In substance preached at
the First Cumberland Presbyterian Church of Nashyill^, August 9 and
16, 1874. Nashville. Tenn.: Printed at the Southern Methodist Pub-
lishing House for the Robertson Association, 1874. -

8vo, pp.64.

Reprint from Theological Medium^ a Cumberland Presbyterian quarterly.

Bdition, 3,000 copies.

Abounds in Historical and Bibliographioal data.

LfiND8LEY, John Berrien. Sources and Sketches of Cumberland Presby-
terian HUt-ory.

Theological Medium, April, 1875. ended in October number, 1879, 8vo, pp. 039.
Mainly a compilation frum newspapers and church records, with much assist-
ance from eminent Cumberland Presbyterian ministers, especially Richard Beard,
D. D., and A. B. Miller, D. D.

LiNDSLEY, John Berrien. The History of the Law School of Cumber-
land UniTersity at Lebanon, Tenn.

8vo, pp. 25. J

Reprinted from Theological Medium October, 1870, 3,000 copies.

LiNDSLBT, John Berrien. The Military Annals of Tennessee— Confed-
erate. First fteries. Embracing a Review of Military Operational with
Regimental Histories and Memorial Rolls, compiled from original and
official sources, and edited by John Berrien Lindsley, M. D., D. D.
Printed for subscribers. Nashville : J. M. Lindsley & Co., Publisbera»
25 South Eighth Street, 1886. Eleotrotyped and printed ^t the South-
ern Methodist Publishing House.

Boyal 8vo, pp. 910.

lUastrated by 35 steel plates, containing 110 likenesses.

Reviewed in New York Evening Poet March 19, 1887; also in The Nation.

LiND8LEY> John Berrien. Cholera in Tennessee, 1833.

TraneaeUone of the Medical Soeiety t^f^the State qf Tennenee at its Fifty-flffck
Annual Session, April, 1888, pp. 113.
8vo, pp. 7.
Edition, 1,000 copies.
Purely historical data. Reprinted in A>tt<ftsmP>'acfifMmer, April, 1888.

Lindsley, John Berrien. Popular Progress in State Medicine. By J.
Berrien Lindsley, M. D., of Nashville, Tenn., Chairman of the Section.
Delivered iu Section on State Medicine at the Fortieth Annual Meeting

S. Mis. 170 20

306 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

of the American Medical AssociatioD, J cue 25, 1889. Reprinted from
the Journal of the American Medical Association, Jnly 13, 1889. Chi>
oago : Printed at the office of the Asfiociation, 1889.'

16mo, pp. 12.

.Edition, 600 copied.

Beprinted in the Southern Practitioner, Nashville, AngoBt, 1880; also, in TKe TeoBO*
Health Journal, DoIUms November, 1889.

LoDGK, Hbnky Cabot. Life and Letters of George Cabot. Little &
Brown, 1877.

Lodge, Henry Cabot. A Short History of the English Colonies in Amer-
ica. Harper & Bros., 1S?0.

Lodge, Henry Cabot. Ballads and Lyrics. Selected and Arranged for
the Use of Schools. Honghton, Mifflin & Co., 1880.

Lodge, Henry Cabot. Life of Alexander Hamilton.
In "American Statesmen Soriee/' 1882.

Lodge, Henry Cabot. Daniel Webster.

Atiantie Monthly, 1882.

Lodge, Henry Cabot. Life of Daniel Webster.

In'" American Statesmen StTies," 1884.

Lodge, Henry Cabot. Studies in History. Honghton, Mifflin &, Co.,

ISS'i.

Lodge, Henry Cabot. The Works of Alexander Hamilton. Edited by H.
C. Lodge. G. P. Putnam & Sons, 1886.
9 vols, 8yo.

Lodge, Henry Cabot. Life of George Washington.
In "American Statesmen series, " 1889, 2 vols., 12mo.

Lodge, Henry Cabot. Albert Gallatin.

In " Encyclopaedia Brittannica.**

Lodge, Henry Cabot. Alexander Hamilton.

In *' Appleton's Cyolopfedia of American Bioj^raphy^."

Lodge, Henry Cabot. William H. Seward.

Atlantic MoiUhlj/. ' ,

Lodge, Henry Cabot. Gouvemenr Morris.

Atlantic Monthly.

The articles which I have thought worth preserving are for the most part ool-
lected in my " Studies in History." Besides those which I have given in addition
here there are a nnraher of shorter articU;s pabiishod in the form of critical notioea
and chiefly in the Atlantic Monthly, which I can not now recall or place.

LORING, George Bailey. History of North Andover, Massachasetts.

Containing a sketch of Samuel Osgood, Postmaster-General under

Washington, and also a sketch of the theological divisions of the town,

the Creed at Andover, and the rise of Unitarianism in North Andoyer.

In " History of Essex County, Massachusetts," 1887, pp. 70.

LoRiNG, George Bailey. History of Literature in Salem, Massachasetts.
Containing sketches of Roger Williams, Hugh Peters, Timothy Picker-
ing, John Pickering, Joseph Story, Nathaniel Bowditch, Daniel Ap-
pleton White, Charles Dexter Cleveland, George B. Cheever, Charles
Wentworth Upham, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Benjamin Peirce, Jonas
Very, Henry Colraau, William Hickling Prescott, Rnfns Choate.
In *' History of Essex County, Massachusetts," 1887.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD, 307

LoBiNGy Gkobge Bailey. Sketch of the Retreat of the BritiHh Forces
nnder Col. Lester from Salem, MaBsachnsettSy FeVy 19^ 17761 Pah-
lished hy the City of Salem, 1876.

pp. 30.

LoRiNG, George Bailey. I^ketches of the Towns of Shelhume, Swan-
sea, und DunstahlA, Massachusetts, in 1875. Pahlished hy these towns,
1875.

pp.80.

LORING, George -Bailey. Settlement of Marietta, Ohio, and the Adop-
tion of the Ordinance of '87. Puhlished hy the Historical Society df
Marietta, 1882.

LoRiNG, George Bailey. Defense of Gen. Samuel Holden Parsons against
the Charge of Treason. Saiem : Printed at Essex Institute Printing
Office, 1888.

pp. 30. ^

LoRlNG, George Bailey. SKetch of the Battle of Lexington, April 19, '
1776. Puhlished hy tjie Town of Lexington.

pp. 85.

Lowell, Edward Jackson. The Hessians and the other Gorman Auxili-
aries of Great Britain in the Revolutionary War. By Edward J.
Lowell. New York, 1884. With maps and plans.
8ro, pp. 328, 8 mapa and plana.

Lowell, Edward Jackson. German Manuscript Sources for the History
of the Revolutionary War.

Proceedings of the MtuMehttsettt HUtorkal SoeUty, Vol. iii, aecond aeries, 1888-'87,
pp. 219-29L

Lowell, Edward Jackson. The Bayenx Tapestry. By Edward J.

Lowell.

Serihner'i Magatine, March, 1887, pp. 15, 22 itlnstratjons.
An archaeological study.

Lowell, Edward Jackson. Memoir of Lucius Manliiis Sargent, A. M.
By Edward J. Lowell.

Proeeedingi of the MaeeachusetU Historical Society, Vol. in, aecond aerien, 1888-'87»
pp. 809r312.

Lowell, Edward Jackson. The United States of America, 1775--1782.
Their Political Struggles and Relations with Europe, [pp. 72,24 por-
traits, etc. ] Critical Essay on the Sources of Information, [pp. 9.]
List of Treaties, Conventions, and DeclaratiouH Concerning the Ameri-
can Revolution and the Armed Neutrality, [pp. C] By Edward J.
Loweil, Massachusetts Historical Society. Being Chapter I of Volume
VII, of Winsor's ''Narrative and Critical History of America. ''

Lowell, Edward Jackson. The Lifeof Benvenuto Cellini. By Edward
J. LoWell.

Seribntr't Magazine^ October, 18W, pp. 0, 4 illastrations.

Lowell, Edward Jackson. Adventures of a Hessian Recruit. (Trans-
lated from the German. )

Proeeedingt o/ the Mcusaehutettt Sittorieal Soeietyt Vol. iv, aeoond seriea, 1887-89,
pp. 2-12.

Mace, William Harrison. Outline and Notes on United States History.
Privately printed for uae In the Normal School, De Fanw XJnirorsity.
Edition, 500 copiet.
▲ aeoond edition, reviaed and enlarged, la now being prepared.

. 308 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Mace, Wilmam Harrison. Pedagogy of History.

A Berien of artioloA rnnning In the ^innthly JMOes of Yol. xxxv of the Indiana
School Journal, publisbed at IndianapoUs, Ind.

McKexzie, Alexander. Oration at the Dedication of tbe Soldiers' Mon-
ument in Cambridge, Jaly 13, 1870.

loolndcd in " the Soldiers' Monnment in Cambridge. Proceediogs in relaUon to
the Baildiog and Detlication of the Monament erected in the yeant 1860-'70 hv the
City GovemmeDt of Cambridge, Mass., in honor of those of her Soldiers and Sailors
who Died in Defense of the Union of States in the War of the Bebellion." Cam-
bridge: Press of John Wilson Sc Son, 1870.

McKbnzte, Alexander. Address at the Dedication of the Monument in
Memory of the Men of Cambridge who Died in the First Battle of the
Revolutionary War.

"Memorial to the Men of Cambridj^e who fell in the First Battle of tiie Revoln*
tionary War. Services of Dedication, November 3, 1870." Cambridge: Press of
John WHson &. Son, 1870.

McKenzie, Alexander. Lecture on the History of tbe First Churob in
Cambridge. By Alexander McKensie, Pastor of the First Church in
Cambridge and Shepard Congregational society. Boston : Congrega-
tional Publishing Society, 187.3.

McKenzie, Alexander. The One Lawgiver. A Sermon delivered before
the Executive and Legislative Departments of the Government of Mas-
sachusetts at the Annual Election, Wednesday, Jan. 1, 1879, by Alex-
ander McKenzie. Boston : Rand, Avery & Co., Printers to the Com-
mon wealth, 117 F*ranklin St., 1879.

McKenzie, Alexander. Oration of Rev. Alexander McKenzie, D. D., at
the Centenuial Celebration of the Fouudtug of Phillip's Academy,
Andover, Mass., June 6, 1878.

McKenzie, Alexander. Discourse included in the ^* Commemoration of
the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the First Church,
Charlestown, Mass.," November 12, 1882. Privately printed^ 1882.

McKenzie, Alexander. Sermon and Address iucfuded in " Services at the
Celebration of the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the
Organization of the First Church in Cambridge, February 7-14, 1886." *
Cambridge : John Wilson & Son, University Press, 1886.

McKenzie, Alexander. Two Hundred aud Fifty Years. A Sermon by
Alexander McKenzie on the Founding of Harvard College, November
7, ie86. Cambridge : Printed for the Church, 1887.

McKenzie, Alexander. Sermon included in "Menioriam of Asa Gray."
Cambridge: John Wilson &. Son, University Press, 1888.

McLaughlin, Andrew Cunningham. The Iniluenoe of Governor Cass on
the Development of the Northwest. New York and London : G. P.
Pntnam's Sons, The Knickerbocker Press, 1889.

8vo, pp. 67-83.

Papers of the American Hittorieal Aitociation, Yol. m, No. 2.

McLaughlin, George. Cincinnati Artists of the Munich School. Henry
F. Farny, Francis Duvenick, John W. Twachtman, Francis Dengler,
Henry Muhrnian, Ferdinand Mersmann, and Francis Russell Stro-
bridge.

The American A*i J^eview, Yol. ii, Nos. 1, 2, 1881, 4to, pp. 1-4, 45-50, illustrated.

' BIULIOGRAPHY— FORD. 309

Macy, Jesbu. lD9titiitiouat Beginnings in a Weutern State.

Johiui Jlopkini Studies in Hittorieal and rolitical Science^ second series, No. vn.
8vo, pp. 38.

Kason, £dwar6 Gat. Francis ParkoMn.

The Dial, Vol. i, Ko. 8, December, 1880,4to,pp. 8.

Mason, Edward Gay. IIIIuoIa in the Eighteenth Century. Chicago:
Fergus Printing Company, 1881.

8to, pp. 68. /

Mason, Edward Gay. Kaskaskia and its Parish Records.

McLgatine of American Hietory, Vol. vi, Jftnuary, 1881, pp 21.

Mason, Edward Gay. The St. Clair Papers.

The- Ameriean, April 15, 1882, pp. 2. -

Mason, Edward Gay. Old Fort Char tres.

The Atlantia Monthly, Vol. XLIX. No. 205, May, 1882. pp. 12.

Mason, Edward Gay. The Record Book of Colonel John Todd, First
Civtl Governor of the Illinois Coantry.

Magaxine of American Hietory, VoL viu, September, 1882, pp. 11.

Mason, Edward Gay. The English Settlement in Edwards County,
niinois.

The Dial, Vol. Ul. No. 8, January, 1883, ito, pp. 3.

Mason, Edward Gay. The Savior of India.

The Dial, VoL iv. No. 37, May, 1883, 4to, pp. 2.

Mason, Edward Gay. A Visit to Sonth Carolina in 1860.
The Atlantie Monthly, Vol. Lin, N<f. 316, Febraary, 1884, pp. 10.

Mason, Edward Gay. Fergus Illinois Historical Series.

The American, NoTember 8, 1884, pp. 2.

Mason, Edward Gay. The March of the Spaniards across Illinois.
Magazine of A meriean History, Vol. xv, May, 1886, pp. 13.

MasoN} Edward Gay. An Antiquarian's Scrap Books.

Magazine of Western History, Vol. iv, September. 1886, pp. 16.

Mason, Edward Gay! The Beginning of La^v in Illinois.

Proceedings State Bar Association, 1887,4to, pp. 7.

Mason, Edward Gay. Pierre Menard. Early Illinois Citizens. Colonel
John Todd, Junior. Philip Francois Rastel. Chevalier de Rocfaehlanc.
Chicago : Fergiis Printing Company, 1889.

8vo., pp. 7, 7, 4,22.

Chicago Historical Society Collections, Vol. iv.

Mason, John PiDWiN. History of Freemasonry.

Masonic Monthly daring the years 1865, 1866, 1867. and 1868.

Merrill, Cath arink. The Soldier of Indiana in the War for the Union.
2 vols., 8vo, pp. 690,815, 16 pluU'S, portraits, au<l 2 luapH.
- Stertiot> ped, 2,U00 Beta priDted.

^MlLLS, Herbert Klmkk. DipUnnatic Prelude to the Seven Years' War.
New York nnd L<indon : G. P. Putnam's Sons, Tlie Knickerbocker

Press, lese.

J'apeis of (he A meriean Hlslorical Assoeiation, Vol. HI, No, 1, pp. 29-40.

Mills, Hkrbkrt Klmkk. Fredt^rick the (jfreat.

The Cornell Magazine, Vol. i, No. 1, May. 1888, 8vo. pp. 36-42.

310 AMERICAN HISTOUICAL ASSOCIATION.

MoNTGOMBRY, Thomas Harrfson. Gcuealogical History of tke Family
of Montgomery, iucludiog the Montgomery Pedigree; Compiled by
Thomas Harrison Montgomery. Philadelphia, Printed for Private Cir-
culation. 1863. ^

8vo, pp. IX. 158.

Montgomery, Thomas Harrison^ Ancestry' of General Richard Mont-
gomery. By Thomas H. Montgomery.

New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, Vol. il,^aly,'1871, pp. 123-130.

Montgomery, Thomas Harrison. Smith Family of New York. By
Thomas H. Montgomery.

New York Genealogical and Biographical Record^ Vol. X, January, 1879, pp. 32-35.

Montgomery, Thomas Harrison. The Battle of Monmouth, as Described
by, Dr. James McHenry, Secretary to Gen. Washiugtoni with notes by
Thomas H. Montgomery.

Magazine of American Hintory, Jane, 1879, pp. 355-363.

Montgome :y, Thomas Harrison. The Descendants of Col. Thomas
White, By Thomas H. Montgomery. Communicated to "Account of
the Meeting of the Descendants of Colonel Thomas White, of Mary-
land." .Privately printed. Philadelphia, 1879.

pp. 125-196.

Moore, Joseph, Jr. Outlying Europe and the Nearer Orient. By Joseph
Moore, jr. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott &Co., 1880.

8vo, pp. 564.

Contains historical sketches of "Egypt," *'Tbe Faith of "El Islam," "Bibliosl
Sites," "BsBlbek," "Cyprus," "Rhodes." "EphesQS,""Troy," "ConstanUnople."
"Modem Greece," "The Stciliau Vespers," "Syracuse." "The Alhiimbra," "The
Ball-Fight," "Liaboo," "The Esoorial," "ThoGotha Canal," "St Petersbarg.*'
•• The Kremlin." and " The Story of Poland."
Moore, Joseph, Jr. The Egyptian Obelisks. By Joseph Moore, jr., Mem-
ber of the Royal Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
Philadelphia, 1880.

Four papers, giving the history of all the obelisks of Egypt and their present
locations. Originally printed in The Evening Bulletin, Philadelphia, December, 1878,
and January, 1870.
MoORB, Joseph, Jr. The Queen's Empire ; or, India and Her Pearl. By
Joseph Moore, jr., F. R. G. S. Philadelphia and London : J. B. Lippin-
cott Co., 1886.

8vo. pp. 280. ,

Descriptive history of India and Ceylon, and their monuments, with m map of
Hindustan and fifty full-page phototype-plates.

Morris, Charles Newton. Papers of the American Historical Associa-
tion. Vol. Ill, No. 2. Internal Improvements in Ohio, 1825-1850. By
Charles N. Morris. New York and London : G. P. Putnam's Sons,
The Knickerbocker Press, 1889.

8vo.

Contains tabulated statistics of the public works of Ohio and list of authorities.

Morris, Jonathan Flynt. The Morris Register. A Genealogical and
Ilistoiical Register of the Descendants of Edward Morris, of Roxbury,
Mass., and Woodstock, Conn. Cumpiled by Jonathan F.ynt Morris.
Hartford, Conn. : Published by the Compiler, 1887.
8vo, pp. XVII, 400, 18 plates.
300 copioa.

Reviow^tMl in Xeto England Hiitorieal and Genealogical Regitter, xu, October,
1887; Harford Daily Courant August 27, 1867.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^FOKD. 311

Horse, Anson Danikl. The Caase of Secession.

PolUveal Seienoe Quarterly^ Vol. II, No. 3, September, 1867» Sro, pp. 470-498.

MoRSB, Anson Daniel. The Political laflueuoe of Andrew Jackson.
Political Seienu Quarterly, VoL i, No. 2, Jane, 1886, ^ro^ pp. 15^-162.

MoBBS, Bkrnard. The NeKoiialions oo the Swedish Invasion of Germany.
The y«w JSnglander, Vol. xxxin, No. 3, July, 1874, 8to, pp. 421-467.

MosKS, Bernard. Georg Stjernhjelra, the Father of Swedish Poetry.
The Methodist Quarterly Seview October, 1875. 8vo, pp. 56a-979..

MosES, Bernard.. The Protestant Hero of the Seventeenth Century.

The OtU}fomian, Vol. Ii, 1880, pp. 73-79.

Moses, Bernard. Social Science and its Methods.

The Berkeley Quarterly, Yol. i, 1880, 8vo, pp. 1-14.

Moses, Bernard. The Commuhism of Early Christianity.

The Berkeley Quarterly, YoL 1. 1^80, 8vo, pp. 211-220.

Moses, Bernard. The Crown and Parliament of Sweden.
. The Berkeley Quarterly, Yol. I, 1880, 8to. pp. 268-207.

Moses, Bernard. Early Swedish Literature (inclnding, with other mat-
ter, parts of the essay on Greorg Stjornhjelm).
The Berkeley Quarterly, Yol. ll. 1881 , 8to, pp. 12- 43.

Moses, Bernard. Swedish Literature in the Eighteenth Century.
The Berkeley Quarterly, Yol. ii, 1881, 8vo. pp. 224-236.

Moses, Bernard. The Historical Foundation of Modem Society.
The Berkeley Quarterly, Yul. ii, 1881, 8to, pp. 367-376.

Moses, Bernard. A Sweclish Scholar.

The Califomian, YoI. v, 1882, pp. 184-190.

Moses, Bernard. Politics. An Introduction to the Study of Compara-
tive Constitutional Law. By W. W. Crane and Bernard Moses. New
York and London : G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1884.
12ino, pp. V, 305.

Mo6£S, Bernard. The Drift of Power in the English Government.
Ihe Overland Monthly, Yol. v, Second Series, 1885, pp. 239-247.

Moses, Bernard. The Old Regime of San Francisco.

The Overland Monthly, Yol. vn. Second Series, 1886, pp. 195-80S.

Moses, Bernard. Social Infelicities of Half-Knowledge. An Address by
Bernard Moses. Berkeley, 1886.
Pamphlet, 12mo, pp. 15.

Moses, Bernard. Imperial Germany. A Lecture by Bernard Moses.
Berkeley, 1886.
12mo, pp. 31.

MoBBS, Bernard. Data of Mexican and United States History.

Papers of the Cali/omia Hittorieal Society, YoL i, 8vo.

MosBS/ Bernard. Prejudices against the Jews. A Paper read before the
Emanuel Association, San Francisco, January 25, 1887. By Bernard
Moses, Ph. D. San Francisco : Printed by the Emanuel Association,
1887.

12mo, pp. 39.

MosEs, Bernard. The Establishment of Municipal Government in San
Francisco. By Bernard Moses, Ph. D. Baltimore : Publication Agency
of the Johns Hopkins University, 1889.
^^o, pp. 8^.

312 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

MoBEB, Bernard. The American Experiment in Government. An Acl<
dress delivered in Berkeley April Thirtieth, 1889, at a Meeting in Com-
memoration of the Inangaration of Qeorge Washington as President of
the United States. By Bernard Moses. Berkeley; 1889.
12roo, pp. 20.

Moses, Bernard. The Federal Government of Switzerland. An Essay on
the Constitation. By Bernard Moses, Ph. D. Oakland, California:
Pacific Press Pahlishing Company, 1889.
12mo, pp. 256.

MowRY, William Auoustos. Who Invented the American Steamboat f
A statement of the Evidence that the first American Steamboat, pro-
pelled by means of paiddle wheels, was invented, constracted, and sno-
cessfhlly operated on Connecticnt River, abont 1792, by Captain Sam-
uel Morey, of Oxford, N. H., and that Robert Fnlton saw the boat in
operation. By William A. Mo wry, A. M., of Providence, R. I. Con-
toocook, N. H. : Published by the Antiquarian Society, Bristol, George
Ciowell Ketchum, Printer, lb74. *
8yo, pamphlet, pp. 28.
OoUeetiofu of the New Hampehire Ar^Hquarian Society ISo. 1.

MowBT, WiLUAM Augustus. The Descendants of Nathaniel Mowry, of
Rhode Island. By William A. Mowry, A. M., Member of the New Eng-
land Historic-Genealogical Society, Member uf the Rhode Island His-
torical Society, Honorary Member of the N. H. Antiquarian Society,
and Corresponding Member of the Oregon Pioneer and Historical So-
ciety. Providence : Sidney S. Rider, Publisher, 1878.

8vo, pp. 342, illastrated with heliotjpes of ancient hoases, and portxmita.

MoWRT, William Augustus. A Family History: Richard Mowry, of
Uxbridge, Mass. His Ancestors and &is Descendants. By William A.
Mowry, A. M., Member of the Rhode Island Historical Society, Honor-
ary Member of the N. H. Antiquarian Society, and Corresponding
Member of the Oregon Pioneer and Historical Society. Providence :
Sidney S. Rider, Publisher, 1878.

8vo, pp. 240, illustrated with portraits and heliotypea of ancient homes.

MowRT, William Augustus. Territorial Growth of the United States.
Our Title to Oregon.

McigfUine of American HUtory, October, 1886.

This was a paper read before the American Historical AssooiAtion at its annual
meeting in Washisfcton, D. C, 1886.

Republished in pamphlet form saxd for sale by the Eastern Edacational Bureau,
50 Bromfleld street, Boston, 1887.

MowRT, William Augustus. Studies in Civil Government. By William
A. Mowry, Ph. D., Editor of ** Education/' and for twenty years Senior
Principal of the '^ English and Classical School/' Providence, R. I.
Boston : Silva, Rogers & Co., Publishers, 50 Bromficld St., 1888.
8vo, pp. 250, illustrated with numerous cuts.

This book contains a practical treatment of the political history of the SnjcUah
Colonies, the Sevolation, and the Republic, urith an examination of the govern-
ment of onr country at the present time, local (town or connty), State, and na-
tional. It discusses and explains in detail the Constitution of the United States
and the government, laws and customs which have grown up from this Gonstlta-
tion.

• .

.BIBLIOGRAPHY — FOBD. 313

Mtbk6« Philip Van Nkss. Oatlines of Ancient History from the Earliest
Times to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, A. D. 476. By P. V.
" N. Myers, A. M. New York : Harper &, Brothers, Publishers, 1882.
8vo,pp. 484,'

Mtrk8» Philip Van Nbss. Oatlines of Medieeval and Modem History.
A Text-book for High Schools, Seminaries, and Colleges. By P, V. N.
Myers, A. M. Boston : Ginn &, Company, Publishers, 1886.
8vo, pp. 740, 12 mftpa.

Mtebs, Phizjp Van Nbsb. The Eastern Nations and Greece. By P. V. N.
Myers, A. M. Boston : Ginn & Company^ Pnblishers, 1889.
8vo, pp. 369, 8 mapa, 65 illoatratioiiB.

Myibrs, Philip Van Ness. A General History for Colleges and High
Schools. By P. Y. N. Myers, A. M. 'Boston : Ginn & Company, Pub-
lishers, 1889.

8vo, pp. 760, 20 maps, 140 illnfltralloiu.

Nkill, Edward Dutfield. The History of Minnesota from the Earliest
French Explorations to the Present Time. By Edward Dnffield Neill,
Secretary of the Minnesota Historical Society. Neo faUa ^xotrey nee
vera reiicere, Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott «& Co., 1858.
8to, pp. 028, four maps.

Neill, Edward Dxtffield. Terra MarisB, or Threads of Maryland Colo-
nial History. By Edward D. Neill, one of the Secretaries of the Presi-
dent of the United States. NecfaUa dicer e, nee vera reticere, Philadel-
phia: J. B. Lippincott, &, Co., 1867.

12mo, pp. 200.

Neill, Edward Duffield. The Fairfaxes of England and America in the
Sixteenth and Eighteenth Centuries, including Letters from and to
Hon. William Fairfax, President of Council of Virginia, and his Sons,
Col. George William Fairfax and Rev. Bryan, Eighth Lord Fairfax.
By Edward D. Neill. Albany, N. Y. : Joel Munsell, 1868.
8yo, pp. 224.

Neill, Edward Duffield. History of the Virginia Company of London,
with Letters to and from the First Colony never before printed. By
Edward D. Neill. Nee faUa diceref nee vera reUeere. Albany, N. Y : Joel
Mnnsell, 82 State Street, 1869.
Small 4to, pp. 432.

Neill, Edward Duffield. Portrait of Pocahontas.

This work was not issaed until the«amnier of 1870. The preface is dated May,
1870. .

Neill, Ed'^ard Duffield. The English Colonization of America Dnring
the Sixteenth Ceninry. By Edward D. Neill, Consul of United States
of America at Dnblin. London: Strahan & Co., Publishers, 56 Lud-
gateHiU,187L

8vo, pp. 352.

Neill, Edward Duffield. The History of Minnesota; from the earliest
French explorations to the present time. By Edward Duffield Neill,
Cor. Mem. Massachusetts Historical Society, Author of ** Terra Maris,"
"The Virginia Company,'' "The English Colonization of America,''
etc. Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Philadelphia: J. B. Lip-
pincott & Co. Minneapolis, Minn. : T. T. Bacheller & Co., 1873.
Svoipp. 750, three portraits and four maps.

•

314 AMERICAN HISTOBICAL ASSOCIATION.

Nsiij^ £DWARf» DuFFiKLD. Th« Foanders of Maryland ; as portrayed in
manaikoripto, provincial records, and early documents. By Rev. Ed-
ward D. Neill, A. B.y Author of '^ English Colonization of America,"
"Virginia Company of London," "Terra Maris©,?' "Fairfaxes of
England and America," " History of Minnesota." Nee falsa dioere, nee
vera reticere, Albany : Joel Mansell, 1876.
.12mo, pp. 193.

Neill, Edward Duffield. The History of Minnesota, from the earliest
French explorations to the prcbcnt time. By Edward Duffield NeiH.

* * * NeefaUa dicere^ nee vera reticere. Third Edition, Revised
and Enlarged. Minneapolis : Johnson, Smith & Harrison, 1B78.

TnUot, pp. xxui, pp. 777, appendix, pp. 14, index, pp. 14, Ave maps.

Nkill, Edward Duffield. The History of Minnesota. » • »
By the Rev. Edivard Duffield NeiH, President of Maoalester College.

* * * Neecire quid aniea quam natH9 at« ticoiderit id eeviper eeee puenim.

Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Minneapolis, Minnesota, EUa-

torical Company, 18-2.

8vo, pp. 028, apiMudix, pp. 10, index, pp. 20, eight portraits, Ave maps.

NsiLL, Edward Duffield. History of Minnesota [title as in 4th edition].
Minneapolis, Minnesota, Historical Company, 1883.
8vo, pp. 020, appendix, pp. 10, index, pp. 20.

Nbill, Edward Duffield. Virginia Vetusta ; Daring the reign of James
the First, containing Letters and Documents never before printed. A
supplement to the History of the Virginia Company. . By Edward D.
Neill, Nee falsa dicere^ nee vera reticere. Albany, N. Y. : Joel Mnnsell's
Sons, 82 State St., 1885.
Small 4to, pp. 216.

Nbill, Edward Duffikld. \Urg^nia Carolornm. The Colony under the
rnle of Charles the. First and Second, A. D. 1625 to A. D. 1685, based
npon Manuscripts and Documents of the period. By Edwad D. Neill.
NecfaUa dicerCf nee vera reticere. Albany, N.Y.: Joel MunselPs Sons,

82 State St., 1886.
Small 4to, pp. 446.

NxiLL, Edward Duffield. Concise History of the State of Minnesota.
By Edward D. Neill. Minneapolis, Minn. : S. M. Williams, Pnbliaher,
1887.

12mo, pp. 303, faC'Simile of first engraying of Falls of St Anthony, six maps.

NicoLAY, John G. Hole in the Day.

Harper'* New Monthly Magazine, Vol. XX VI, No. CLII, January, 1863, 8vo, pp.
186-101, illastrated. «

NicOLAY, John G. The Sioux War.

The Continental Monthly, Vol. lu. No. n, Febraary, 1863, 8vo, pp. 105-204.

Nicola Y, Joun G. Campaigns of the Civil War. Vol. I, The Ontbre^
of RebellioD. By John G. Nicolay. New Y'ork : Charles Scribner's
Sons, 1881.

8vo, pp. 220. eight maps.

Nicolay, John G. Abraham Lincoln, Sixteenth President of the United

States. By John G. Nicolay.

In the *' Encyclopedia Britanniea,' Ninth Editon, Vol. xiv, Edinbargh, 1882, 4to.
pp. 658-663.
Also, pablishefl separately by Little, Brown &, Co., Boston, 188^2, 12mo, pp.21.

' BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 315

NicoLAY, John G. Tboiuas Jefferson's Homo.

The Ontury lUuttraUd MtmtMy Magatmt, Vol. xxxiv, No. 5, Septembor, 1887,
8vo, pp. 643-053.

NrbOLAY, JoHX G., joint author. Abraham Lincoln. A History.

Illustrated vrith fluinerouA portraitei, plates, and maps. Pablinhed as a serial in
The Centurtf lUuMraUd Monthly Magazine, beginning VoL xxxill, No. 1, November,
1886, and coutinuinK in monthly installments to VoL xxxix. No. 4, February, 41190, as
follows :

VOL. XXXI IL

Na 1, Novenlber, 18S6. Lineage, Indiana, Illinois in 1830, New Salem.'pp. l-<37.

No. 2, December, 1886. The Black Hawk War, Surveyor and Kepresentatire, lieg-
islative Experience, The Lincoln-Stone Protest, pp. 250-278.

No. 3, January, 1887. Lincoln in Springfield, TbeColUpse of v The System. " Mar-
riage, Shields's Duel, Campaisrn of 1844, pp. 366-396.

No. ^ February, 1887. Campaign for Congress, The Thirtieth Congress, A For-
tunate Escape, .Six Ye rs of Law Practice, pp. 515-543.

No. 5, March. 1887. The Balance of Power, Repeal of the Missouri Compromise,
The Drift of Politics, pp. 085-706.

No. G, April, 1807. Lincoln and Trumbull, Border Ruffians, Bogus Laws, The To-
peka Constitution, pp. 857-884.

VOL. XXXIV.

No. 1, May, 1887. Kansas in Civil War, Jeflhrson Davis on Rebellion, Conventions
of 1856, pp. 82-110.

No. 2f Jane, 1887. Congressional Ruffianism, The Dreti Scott Decision, Doaglaa
and Lio^coln on Di ed J^cott. pp. 20.'^219.

No, 3, July, 1887. The Lecompton Constitution, The Revolt of Douglaii. The Lin-
coln-Douglas Debates, The Froeport Doctrine, pp. 369-396.

No. 4, Augnst, 18871 Lincoln's Ohio Speeches, Harper s Ferry, Lincoln's Cooper
Institute Speech, The Charleston Convention, pp. 509-534.

No. 5, September, 1887. The Baltimore Nominations, The Chicago Convention,
Lincoln elected. Beginning of Rebelliour pp. 658-681.

No. 6, October, 1887. The Cabinet Cabal, The President's Message, The Conspir-
acy Proclaimed, South Carolina Secession, ThevCotton Republics, pp. 81&-850.

VOL. XXX r.

No. 1, November, 1887. The Montgomery Confederacy, The President-Eleot,
Questions and Answers, pp. 61-87.

No. 2, December, 1887. Springfleld-to Washington, Lincoln's Secret Night Jour-
ney, The Inauguration, pp. 265-284.

No. 3. January, 1888. The Cabinet, The Question of Sumter, pp. 419-436.

No. 4, February. 1888. The Rebel Game, Virginia, Premier or President, pp. 599^
616.

No. 6, March, 1888. The Fall of Sumter, The Call to Arms, pp. 707-723.

No. 6, April 1888. The National Uprising, Baltimore, Washington in Danger, pp.

889-922.

VOL. XXXVL

No. 1, May, 1888. Rebellions Maryland, Missouri. Kentucky. The Confederate
Military League, pp. 66-77.

No. 2, Jnne, 1888. The Advance, Bull Run, Fremont, Military Emancipation, pp.
281-305. *

No. 3, July. 1888. Army of the Potomac, European Kentrality, The Trent Affair,
pp. 393-410.

No. 4, August, 1888. Halleck, Lincoln Directs Co-operation, Grant and Thomas
in Kentucky. Fort Donelson, pp. 562-583.

No. 5, September. 1888. The Mississippi, The Shiloh Campaign, Halleck's Corinth
Campaign, pp. 662-583.

)lo.6, October. 1888. Plans of Campaign, Manassas Evacuated, Torktown, pp.
912-#S3.

316 ^ AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

VOL XXXVII.

No. 1, November, 1888. Jackaon b Yalley Campaign, The Seren Daya* BattiM,
pp. 130-148.

Ko. 2, Deoember. 1888. Comi>en8ate4 Aboliahment, Signs of the Timea, Bnuuioi-
pation Proposed and Postponed, pp, 276-204. ^ •

No. 3, January. 1889. PQpe's Virginia Campaign, Antietam, Emancipation An-
noBooed, pp. 427-447.

No. 4, February, 1880. The Removal o( McCIellan, Fin*ncial Measures, Seward
and Chase, pp. 546-565.

No. 5. March. 1889. The ^dict of Freedom, pp. 680-704,

No. 6. April, 1880. Retaliation, The Enrollment and the Draft, pp. 917-032.

VOL. XXXVII L

No. 1, M%y, 1880. '. The President and the Draft, Yallandigham, The Defeat of the
Peace Party at the Polls, pp. 123-148.

Na 2, Jund, 1888. The Pomeroy Circular, The Cleveland Convention; The Res-
ignation of Mr. Chase, pp. 278-208.

No. 3, July, 1888. Lincoln's Renomination, The^Wade-Davis Manifesto, Greeley's
Peace Mission, pp. 406-426.

No. 4, August, 1880. The Chicago Surrender, Conspiracies in the North, Linooln
and the Churches, pp. 546-568.

No. 6, September, 1889. Cabinet Changes, Linooln Re-elected, Chase as Chief-J'as-
tice, pp. 687-707.

No. 6. October, 1880. Blair's Mexican Prqjeot, The Hampton Roads Conference,
The Thirteenth Amendment, pp. 838-856.

VOL. XXXIX. ,

No. 1, November, 1880. The Second Inaugural, Five Forks, Appomattox, pp. 132-
151. .

No. 2, December, 1880, The Fall of the Rebel Capital, Lincoln in Richmond, pp.
805-313.

Na 8, January, 1800. The Fourteenth of April, The Fate of the Assassins, The
Mourning Pageant, pp. 424-438. ,

No. 4, February, 1800. The Capture of JeflTerson Davis, The End of Rebellion,
Lincoln's Fame. •

The entire work, including about ninety additional chapters, forming more than
one-third of the whole (ndt printed in the serial), is now in press, and will be is-
sued by The Century Company iu 1890 in 10 volumes, 8vo, of 450 pages each, with
numerous jrartraits, plates, and maps.

KoRTONy Charles Eliot. Historical Studies of Charch-Buildiug iu the
Middle Ages. Venice, Siena, Florence. By Charles Eliot Norton.
New York : Harper & Brothers, Franklin Sqnare, I860.

8vo, pp. vi, 331.

Also various articles on historical subjects in the North Ameriean Review, Atten*
tie Monthly, Harpert" Monthly, Proceedinge of MatsaehuMetU Hutoriciil Society, etc.

Page, Richard Cuanning Moore. The Captured Guns ut Spottsylvauia
Court-Uouse.

Southern Hittorieal Society Paper*, YoL vii. November, 1878, No. 11, pp. 535-^540.

Paqb, Richard Channing Moore. Genealogy of the Page Family in Vir-
ginia. New York, 18b3.

4te, pp. 250, 14 portraits, 15 plates.
600 copies ; not electrotyped.

Page, Richard Channing Moore. Portrait of Thomas Nelson, jr.

Magazine of American Hietory^ June, 1884.

Page, Richard Channing Moork. Sketch of Page's Battery, or Morris
Artillery, 2d Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. New York, I8ci5.

8vo, pp. 82.

500 copies printed ; not electrotyped.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD.

317

Page, Richard Chai^nikg Moore. Biographical Notice of Page Family.

Appleton't Oyeiopadia a/ American Biography » Vol. it.

Page, Richard Chai^king Moore. Diary of Major R. C. M. Page, Chief
of C. 8. Artillery, Department of the Southwest Virginia and East
TennesHee, from October, 1864, tuMay, 1865. [New York, I88d.]

« 8vo, pp. 12.

Paine, Nathaniel. Report Upon the American Coins and Tokens in the
Cabinet of Hie American Antiquarian Society.

Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society at the annual meeting held in
Worcester, October 22, 1800. pp. 34-45.

Paine, Nathaniel. Remarks on the Earl? Paper Currency of Massachn-
sett-s. Read before the American Antiquarian Society April 25, 1866.
Cambridge, 1H66.

8ro, pp. 00, plates.

50 copies, privately printed, with additional notes.

Also, in Proeeedinge of American Antiquarian Society, April, 1860, pp. 27-77.

Paine, Nathaniel. An Address delivered befora the Worcester Lyceitln
and Natural History Association May 17, 1870. Worcester, 1870.
10mo,pp. 22.
500 oopies.

▲ history of the association,- with reny^rks in regard to the Worcester Lyceum,
organised in 1829.

Paine, Nathaniel. Brief Notice of the Library and Cabinet of the Ameri-
can Antiquarian Society. Worcester, 1873.
8vo, pp. 59.

so copies for private distribution.

Beprinted from Proceedings of the American Antiqtiarian Society , April, 1873,
pp. 15-55.

Pains, Nathaniel. An Account of the Worcester Lyceum and Natural
History Association. Prepared for the International Exhibition of
1876. Worcester, 1876.

8vo. pp. 13.
.'iOO copies.

Paine, Nathaniel. An Account of the American Antiquarian Society,
with a List of its Publications. Prepared for the Inlemational Exhi-
bition of 1876.

8to, pp. 30, portrait and plate.

50 copies..

Also an edition of 500 copies for use at the exhibition.

Paine, Nathaniel. Noteb. Historical and Chronological, on the Town of
Worcester, Mass. Worcester, November, 1876.
Large 8vo, pp. 48.
50 copies, privately printed.

Reprinted with additional notes from an account of the " Celebration by the In-
~ > habitants of Worcester, Mass.. of the Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration

of Independence.*' Printed by order of tiie City Council, 1878, pp. KK^HO.

Paine, Nathaniel. Genealogical Notes on the Paine Family of Worces-
ter, Mass. Albany, 1878.
8vo, pp. 27, plates.
Privateiy printed,
sa copies;

Also, printed in " Paine Family Becords, " edited by H. P. Paine, K. D., New
Tork* 1880.

318

AMERICAN ' HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION'.

Paine, NatRajqel. The Report of the Council of tlie American Antiqua-
rian Society, made April 27, 1881, with Remarks on the ReYolntionary
Orderly Books, in the possession of the Society. Worcester, Idbl.
6vo, pp. 47.

3U copiofl, privately printed.

Reprinted from Proetedingt of J.m«i:iean Antiquarian Society, Vol. I, new Mriee,
pp. 134-162, witb additional notea.

Paine, Nathaniel. Bibliography of the American Antic^iiarian Society.
Compileil by Nathaniel Paine, Worcester, 1B83.
8ro, pp.26.

60 copies, privately printed.

Alao, with "Partial Index to the ProoeedingD of the American Antiquarian
Society fit)m its Foundation in 1812 to 1880," pp. 65-86.

Paine, Nathaniel. An Episode of Worcester History. Read before the
Worcester Society of Antiquity April 1, 1884. Worcester, Haas., 1884.

8vo, pp. 9.

50 copies, privately printed.

Also, printed in Proceedxng$ of Woretster Society of Antiquity, Tol. Yl, pp. 57-4B.

Paine, Nathaniel. Random Recollections of Worcester, Mass., 1839-1843.
Worcester, 188^.
8vo, pp. 46, plates.
100 copies, privately printed.

Also, printed in Proeeeding$ of Woreetter Society of Antiquity, Vol. Ti, pp.
101-141.
The repiint lias Home additional matter.

Paine, Nathaniel. Biographical Notice of Rear-Admiral George H.
Preble. Prepared for the Report of the Council of the American Anti-
qoarian Society. Worcester, 1885.
8vo, pp. 8.

50 copies, privately printed.

Also, in Proeeeding$ of American Antiquarian Society, YoL m, new series, pp.
405-500.

Paine, Nathaniel. Bibliography of Worcester History. Compiled by
Nathaniel Paine for the "Account of the Celebration of the Two Hon*
dredth Anniversary of the Naming of Worcester, Mass." Worcester,

1885.

8vo, pp. 18.

ftO copies, privately printed.

Also, in the "Account of the Celebration." printed by order of the City Gonnoil,

pp. 167-176.

Paine, Nathaniel. The Drama in Worcester.

4to, pp. 7.

100 copies.

Ilepriotod from the " History of Worcester County, Mass.." Philadelphia, 1889.

Paine, Nathaniel. Societies, Associations, and Culbs of Worcester.
4to, pp. 20. plates.
100 copies.

Reprinted from the "History of Worcester Cunnty. Massachusetts.'* Philadel-
phia, 1889.

Parkman, Francis. The Oregon Trail. Sketches of Prairie and Rooky

Mountain Life. By Francis Parkman. New York : G. P. Putnam, 1849.

Tint printed in the Knickerbocker Magazine, 1847, 1848, 8vo, pp. 381. Fourth qdl-

tion. revised, Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1872, stereotyped. Ninth edition, 1888.

• BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 319

Pabkman, Francis. The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War after
the Conqnest of Canada. By Francis Pariman. Boston: Little,
Brown &. Co., 185L • •

Large 8to.

Revised edition , Little, Brown A Co., 1870, B vola, 8vo, pp. 387-884, maps. Eleventh
edition. 1889.

Parkman, Francis. Pioneers of France in the New World. By Francis
Parkman. Boston : Little, Brown A'^ompany, 186.5.
8vo, pp. 473« portrait, mapn, stereotyped.
Twenty-ftfth edition, levieed. Little. Brown Sc Co.. 1885.

The above forms the first volame in the series entitled, ' ' France and England in
North America.'*

Parkman, Francis. The .Jesuits in North America in the Soyenteenth

Century. By Francis Park mam Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1867.
8ro, pp. 463, map, stereotyped.

Twenty-third edition, 1887. (Forms Part II of "France and England in North
America.")

Parkman, Francis. La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West. By^
Francis Parkman. Boston: Little, Brown <& Co., 1869.
8vo, pp. 483, maps, stereotyped. Twenty-first edition, 1889.
This first edition, and also the ten succeeding, bore the title of "The Discovery
of the Great West," to which the name of La Salle was prefixed in the edition of
1879 and its successors. (Forms Part III of "France and England In North
America.")

Parkman, Francis. The Old Regime in Canada. By Francis Parkman.
Boston : Little, Brown & Co., 1674.
8vo. pp. 447, steTeotyx>ed.

Forms Part IT of "France and England in North America," eighteenth edi-
tion, 1887.

Parkman, Francis. Count Fronteuac and New France under Louis XIV.
By Francis Parkman. Boston : Little, Brown & Co., 1877.
8vo, pp. 463, maps, stereotyped.

Forms Part Y of "France and England in North America," seventeenth edi-
tion, 1887.

' Parkman, Francis. Montcalm and Wolfe. By Francis Parkman. Boston:
Little, Brown & Co., 1884.

2 Vols., 8vo, pp. 514, 502, maps, portraits, stereotyped.

Forms Part YI of "France and England in North America" (Part YII is in
preparation), tenth edition, 1887.

Besides the 8vo editions of the books of F. Parkman, a so-calied " popular edition "
of the whole has b«>«n published by Mos«rD. Little, Hrowii & Co., in ten volumes,
largo 12mo. Of this edition, 4,780 sets have been jirinted.

Most of tho historical articles in magazines and reviews are incorporated in the
books already named, excepting, however, a paper on "The Discovery of the Kocky
Mountains," in the Atlantic for 1888.

Patterson, Rev. George. A Brief Sketch of the Life and Labors of the
Rev. JohnKeir,D.D.. S. T. P. Pictoo : E. M. McDonald, 10)9.

8vo, pp. 43.
100 copies.
Reprinted from Ohrittian Jnttruetor, Yol. iv. ^

Pattrrson, George. Memoir of the Rev. James MacGregor, D. D., Mis-
sionary of the General Associate Synod of Scotland to Pictou, Nova
Scotia, with notices of the Colonization of the Lower Provinces of
British America, and of the Social and Religions Condition of the

320 * ABIERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Early Settlers. Pliiladelpfaia : Joseph M. Wilson. Edinburgh: Oli-
phant A Co.. 1859.
. * l2mo, pp. SAB.

4,000 oopiM.

Patterson, George. Memoirs of the Rst. S. F. Johnston, Bey. J. W.
MathesoUy and Mrs. Mary Johnston Matheson, Missionaries on Tanna,
with selections from their diaries and correspondence, and notices of the
New Hehxides, their inhabitants and missionary work among them.

Philadelphia: W. S. & A. Martiew, 1864.

12mo, pp. 504, 4 portraits, 1 map, and 9 other iUastratloiif.

4,000 copies.
Patterson, George. A History of the Connty of Picton, Nova Scotia.
Montreal : Dawson Brothers, 1877.

8to, pp. 471, 1 map and 1 plate.

1,500 copies.

Patterson, George. Missionary Life among the Cannibals. Being the.
life of the Rev. John Geddie, D. D., first missionary to the New Hebri-
des, with a h istory of the Presbyterian mission on that gronp. Toronto : '
Jas. Campbell & Son, 1878.

12iiio, pp. 512, 1 portrait and 8 other lllaatrations.

4,500 copies.

Patterson, George. Biographical Sketch of Hon. Samnel Vetch, first

English Governor of Nova Scotia. Halifax, 1885.

J^anBoetions of the Nova Scotia Hittoricitl Society^ 8to, pp. 63.

In the same work is published a collection of Vetch's papers, edited by the same
author. The two bring oat what had not prevtoasly been folly recognised, the im-
portant part which Yetoh acted, pvticolarly in first planning the conqnest of the
French colonies in America, a design which was not fnlly sacoessful at that time,
only through the incapacity of those to whom the enterprise was intrusted, and
which resulted in the conquest of Nova Scotia, of which he wat the first goremor.

Patterson, George. Sketch of the Life and Labors of the Rev. John
Campbell, of St. Mary's, N. T. New Glasgow, N. S. : S. M. McKenzie.
Reprinted from the JSTome and Foreign Mittionary Becwd of tht Prttbyterian
Churehf 8vo, pp.37.
250 copies.

Patterson, George. The Stone Age of Nova Scotia, as illnstrated by a
collection of relics presented to Dalhonsie College.

TrantacUont of tke Nova Seotia InttUute of Natural Science, Vol. vui, Part in, 1888-
*88. 8vo, pp. 22.

" I have also prepared a work of over 500 pages on ' The Pioneers of Presbyterian-
ism in the Karitime Provinces,' being biographical sketches of all the Presbjrte-
rian ministers who labored in these provinces up till the year I8I7. It contains »
great amount of information hitherto unpublished regarding the early settlementa
in this prorince, and the habits and oondition of the early settlers, but it has not
yet gone to press."
Patton, Wiluam Weston. Rights of Congregationalists in Knox Col-
lege. Chicago, ni., 1858.

An inquiry, as 'chairman of the committee of the General Congregaticnal Asso-
ciation of Illinois, into the early history of Knox College, Galesbargh, HI., to ascer-
jtain the ecclesiastical principles of its founders.

Patton, William Weston. Address of Rev. Wm. W. Patton, D. D., at
the Evening Service of the Qaarter-Centennial of the First Congrega-
tional Chnrch of Chicago. Chicago: Cnlver, Page and Hoyne, 1876.
The QtMrter-Oentennial of Out First Congregational Church of Chicago, Hay 21 and
22»1S76, pp. 45-55.

BIBUOGRAPHY — FORD. 321

Pattox, WiluaMt Wbston, The Last Cent a ry of Congregationalism.

The ifew JEngkmder, Vew Haveo, Coim., October, 187S, pp. 034-460.

Alao reprinted in 1878, WMhtngton, D. C. The full title adds: MOr, the Infla-
enoe In Chnreh and State of the Faith and Polity of the Pilgrim Ft^thers." Five
thonaand oopiee were oircnlated at the expense of a layman, a copy being sent te
every Congregational clergyman in the United States.

Also 860 extra separate copies, printed and privately cironlated.

Patton, William Weston. A Filial Tribute to the Memory of Rev. Will-
iam Patton, D. D. By President William Weston Patton, D. D. Wash-
ington, D. C, I860. ,

I 500 o9ipitiHj for private dititribution only.

Patton. Wiluam Wkston. Skepticism and Woman.

The New EngUj^nder, New Haven. Conn., Jnly, 1880, pp. 453-471.
An historical sketoh of female skeptics ai^ their opinitas.

Patton, William Webton. President Lincoln and the Chicago Memorial
on Emancipation. A paper read before the Maryland Historical So-
ciety, December ISth, 1687, by Boy. W. W. Patton, D. D., LL. D.,
President of Howard University. Baltimore, 1888.

Fond Pnblication, Ko. 27. This is a nearly verbatim report of the interview of
the Chicago committee (of which Dr. Patton was chairman, as also the author of the
memorial) with President Lincoln, September 13, 1882, niging a proclamation of
emancipation and the enrollment of negro troops.

PxRKiNs, A. T. A Sketch of the Family of Damaresq, to Which is added
reminiscences of James Damaresq, and an appendix of Docnmento.
Albany, 1863.

Pbbkins, a. T. a Sketch of the Life and a list of some of the works of
John Singleton Gopley. Privately printed, 1873.

PxRKiNS, A. T. A Sketch of some of the losses to Literature and the Fine
Arts by the great fire in Boston of 1872.

Written at the request of the New England Historic-Oenealogioal Society.

Pbrkins, a. T. a Sketch of the Miller Family. Boston, 1865.
Heraldic Journal^ Vol. I.

Pbrkins, A. T. A Sketch of the Thomdike Family.

Heratdie Journal, YoLi. ^

Pkrkins, a. T. Seals and Coats of Arms preserred npon Wills in the Pro-
bate Office of the Connty of Suffolk, State of Massaohnaetts.
Heraidie Journal Vols, n, m« iv.

Pbrkins, A. T. The Cnshing Family.
Seraidie Journal, Vol. n.

Pbrkins, A. T. Arms and Pedigree of Gardiner Qreene, of Boston.

Heraidie Journal, VoL ui.
Pbrkins, A. T. The Llnzee Family.

Heraldic Journal^ VoL iv.

Pbrkins, A. T. The Gardiner Family.

Heraidie Journal, Vol. VI.

PSRRY, WiLUAic Stbvbns. An Historical Sketch of the Chnroh Mission-
ary Association of the Eastern District of the Diocese of Massachnsetts.
By the Rev. William Stevens Perry, M. A. Published by request of the
AsBOQlation. Boston : £. P. Dntton and Co., 1859.

Sto, pp. 89.

aOO copiea printed.

S. Mis. 170 31

322 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCUTIO^.

PERKTy WiLUAM Stbvens, j6int aathor. Joarnals of the General Con-
ventions of the Protestant Epieoopal Chnroh in the United States of
Americai from A. D. 1785 to A* D. 1853, inclnsive. Published by order
of the General Convention ; with lilastrations, Historical Notes, and
Appendices. By the Rev. Francis L. Hawks, D. D., LL. D., and the Rev.
William Stevens Perry, M. A. Vol. I. Philadelphia, 1861.

8v6, pp. 053.

All published. Pp. 367-653, "lUtiBtntive Kote«," were, with the single exoeptloii
of a foot-note on pago 430, prepared by the Rev. William Stevens Perry.

Pkbry, William Strvrns, joint aathor. Documentary History of the
Protestant Episcopal Charch in the United States of America, ^ath
Carolina. No. 1. Francis L. Hawks, D. D., LL. D., and William Stev-
ens Perry, A. M», Editors. New York, 1862. «

8vo, pp. 33.
All published.

Perry, William Stevens. Bishop Seabnry and Bishop Provoost: an
Historical Fragment. By the Rev. William Stevens Perry, M. A. Pri-
vately printed, 1862.

8vo, pp. 20.

100 copies printed.

Perry, William Stevens. Bishop Seahnry and the *' Episcopal Recor-
der.'^ A Vindication. By the Rev. William Stevens Perry, M. A. Pri-
vately printed, 1863.
8vo, pp 48.
UK) copies printed.

Perry, William Stevens. The Collects of the Choroh. By the Rev.
William Stevens Perry, M. A. Privately printed, 1863.

8to, pp. 15.

100 copiee printed.

Perry, William Stevens. A Century of Episcopacy in Portland. A
Sketch of the History of the Episcopal Church in Portland, Maine,
from the Organization of St. PanPs Church, Falmouth, November 4,
1763, to the present time. By the Rev. William Stevens Perry, M. A.,
Rector of il. Stephen's Church. Portland, 1863.

8vo, pp. 16.

Perry, William Stevens. The Conuection of the Choroh of England
with early American Discovery and Colonisation. By the Rev. Will-
iam Stevens Perry, M. A. Portland, Maine, 1863.
8vo, pp. 7.

Perry, William Stevens, joint author. Documentary History of the
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Con-
taining numerous hitherto unpublished documents concerning the
Church in Connecticut. Francis L. Hawks, D. D. , LL. D. , and William
Stevens Perry, A. M., Editors. New York, 1863-*64.
2 vols., Svo, pp. 328-359.

Perry, William Stevens. Thankfulness for our Past, our Present, and
our Foture. A sermon preached in St. Michael's Church, Litchfield,
Conn., on the Day of National Thanksgiving, Thursday, November 26,
1866. By the Reverend William Stevens Perry, M. A. Philadelphia,

1866.

18mo, pp. 9.

'* Fifty copies printed by request."

BIBLIOQRAPHY — FORD. 323

PsBRT, WiLU AM Stb VKKa. A MemoTiftl of the Rev. Thomas Mather Smith,
D. D., late Milnor Profesflor of Systematic Diyiqitj in the Theological
Seminary of the Diocese of Ohio, and sometime President of Kenyon
College. By W- &• P- Privately print6d» 1866.

8TO,pp.68. ^

Perry, William Stbvens. A History of the Book of Common Prayer,
with a Rationale of its Offices. By Francis Proctor, M. A. With an
Introductory Chapter on the Hlstoiy of the American Liturgy. By
William jStevens Perr^, M. A. London and New York, 1868.

12aio. (Introductory ehapter, pp. i-xxxvi.)

The Huneu By WQliMn BteveiM Perry, Bishop of Iowa. London and New York,
1881.
The same. London and New Tork, 1 W8.

PsRRT, William Stkvbns. St.- John's Chnroh, Salisbury (Coiln.).
' Brpadaide.

PxRRY, William Stsvisks. The Churchman's Year Book, with Kalendar '
for the Year of Grace 1870.. Compiled by William Stevens Perry, D. D.
Hartford^ 1870.
13mo, pp. rU iAO.
- The aaane, 1871. Hartford, 1671, 12mo» pp. tI, 438, 64.

Fbrby, Wiluam Stbvxns. Historical Collections relating to the Amer-
ican Colonial Church. Edited by William Steyens Perry, D. D.
Printed for the subscribers, 1870-78.

Vol. I— Virginia. 1870, Urce 4to, pp. xtU, 585.
VoL n— PennsylTania, 1871, lari^e 4to, pp. xzii, 407.
Vol. m— ^MaMaohoaette, 1878, large 4to, pp. xxri, 790.
ToL IT— Maryland, 1878, large 4to, pp. xii, 370.
» Vol. T— Delaware, 1878, large 4to, pp. viii« 1B7.

Two handred and fifty sets only were priftted. A number of copies of Vole. iii«
IV, and ▼ were destroyed by fire at the bindery.

▲ few copies— fttnn 26 to 50— of each volame were issued separately, witti the
title : ** Papers relating to the History of the Church in Virginia," etc.

Pbrbt, William Stevsns. Historical Notes and Docum^ts illustrating
.the OrganlEation of the Protestant Episcopal CburcAn the United
States of America. By William Stevens Perry, D. D., Historiographer
of the American Chnroh. Claremont, N. H., 1874.

8vo, pp. viii, 828.

PxRRT, William STBVKNa Journals of the General Conventions of the
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, 1785-1835. Pub-
lished by authority of the Qeneral Convention. Edited by William
Steven^ Perry, D. D. Claremont, N. H., 1874.

Vol. I, 1785-1821, 8to, pp. 656.

Ydl. n, 1828-1835. 8vo, pp. 798.

vol in, Historical Notes and Documents, pp. 628.

The same. A new edition. Milwaukee, Wis., 1888.

Pb&rt, William Stsvkms, Joint editor (with Charles Reuben Hale). Fac-
similes of Church Documents. Papers issued by the Historical Club
of the American Church, 1874-'79. Privated printed.

The "Council of Publication" were the Bishop of Iowa and the Bot. Dr. Hale.

The lhe>fimiles were made hy the autotype process.

• •

324 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

PxRfiY, WiLUAM Stsveks. A Handbook of tl\e Geneml CoDvention of
the Protestant Epiflcopi^ Chnrcb^ giyiDfr the History and CoDstitatioD,
1785-1874. By Wiliiam Stevens Perry, D. D., Secretary of the Hoose
of Clerical and Lay Depaties, and Editor of the Hiq|korioal CoUeotions
of the American Colonial Church. New York (1874).

12mo, pp. xir, 277.

The book wu wholly written, printed, stereotyped, «id the first edition aold be-
tween the dates deptember 3 and October 8, 1874. *

The seme. Second edition. New York <1877>, '

The same, 1786-1877. New Yotlc, 18n. 12mo^ pp, 312.

The same, 1785-1880. New York, 1861, 12mo, pp. 365.

Pmsby, William Stkvens. Anglo-American Sympathy with Continental
Reform. A Sermon Preached iu Westminster Abbey on Sunday, Octo-
ber 17, 1875. By the Rev. William Stevens Perry, D. D., Secretary of
the General Convention and Histortogsapher of the American Chnroh ;
Member of the Committee of the Anglo-Continental Society. Londo|i
(1876).

8vo. pp^ 17.

Preached at tb e request of Pean Stanley, and Kiring a sketch of the ** Bonn Con*
ference."

PbrrY; William Stevens. The Reunion Conference at Bonn, 187^. A

Personal Narrati ve by William Stevens Perry, D. D. Printed privately,

1876.

Svo^ pp. 20.

Reprinted from A^neriean Ohurch Beview.

PerrYi William Stevens. A Snnday-School Kxperiment f Geneva, N. Y.]

8vo, pp. 4.

In one form or another 70,000 copies of this sketch of Siui4»y-8C>ool work in
Trinity Ohurcli, Geneva, N. Y., were printed.

Perry, William Stevens. A Sanday-School Experiment. By William
Stevens Perry, D. D. Cambridge : Printed at the Riverside Press,
1876.

J8mo, pp. 18.

Perry, Willi^ Stevens. An Open Letter to the Members of the Cathe-
dral Congilfation from the Bishop of the Diocese'. Davenport, Iowa,

1877.

8vo, pp. 8,

▲ sketch of the cathedral system, as propoeed and introduced, ia tiie Diooeee of
Iowa.

Perry, William Stevens. Diocese of Iowa. The Episcopal Address of
William Stevens Perry, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Iowa. Davenport,
Iowa, 1877.

8vo, pp. 85. ,

A history of adminiatration for^the year, 1876-'77.

Perry, William Stevens, The Bishop of Iowa's Addrese^ andr its As
sailants. A Correspondence. Privately printed, 1877.

8vo, pp. 26.

Perry, William Stevens. A Sunday-School Experiment. By William
Stevens Perry, Bishop of Iowa. Davenport, 1877,
]8mo,pp.l7.
Perry, William Stevens. The American Cathedral. By the Bishop of
Iowa. Davenport, Iowa, 1877.
8to, pp. 18.

BIBLIOQIUPHY — FOBD. v. 325

PnftT, WiLUAM 8txvkk6» Mi8«toB8 and MiflsioDftry Biahoprics iii the
Amorioau Cliaroh. A Paper read before the Church CongresB, held at
Stoke-upbn-Trent, Eng., October, 1875. By William Stevena Perry,
D. D. Privately printed, 1877.

PxRRY, William Stevrsvs. The Collects of the Church. By Williaui
Stevens Perry, Bishop of Iowa. J>aveDport, Iowa, 1878.'
8to, pp. 12.

PRRRT, William Stkvens. Hiocese of Iowa. The Ep'scopal Address of
William Stevens Perry, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Iowa, 1878. Dayen*
port, Iowa, 1878.

8vo,pp.S3.

The seeond ycAr'a adminUtration of the Diocese of Iowa.

Pkrry, William Strvkns. The Cathe()ral and College at Davenport.

By the Bishop of Iowa. Davenport, 1879.
ISroo, pp. 15^ illiutrated. -

PsRRT, WiLUAM Stevens. Diocese of Iowa. The Episoopal Address of
• Williaia Stevens Perry, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Iowa, 1879. Daven-
port, Iowa. 1879.

8vo,pp.20.

History of the third year's administration.

Pbrrt, Willlam Stevens. The Second Lambeth Conference. A Personal
Narrative. By th^ Bishop of Iowa. Davenport, Iowa, 1^9.

8vo, pp. 56.

PsRRy, WiLUAM Stevens. Some Summer Days Abroad. By William
SteveuB Perry, Bishop of Iowa. Davenport, Iowa, 1880.

16mo,pp.Tiii.213.

Contains acooont of the Lambeth Conference of 1878.

Pkrbt, William Stevens. A Brief Account of the Proocedinga of the
General Convention held in the City of Boston, Mass., Octb, 1877, with
notice of the Principal Matters to be considered by the Convention of
1880, and the Rules of Order of Both Houses. New York, 1880.
12mo, pp. 33.

Perry, William Stevens. Diocese of Iowa« The Episcopal Address of
William Stevens Perry, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Iowa. Davenport,
Iowa, 1880. I

8to, pp. 13.

▲ sketch of the history of the foarth year's administration.

P^RT, WiLUAM Stevens. Ober-Ammergau in 1875 and 1880. By William

Stevens Perry, Bishop of Iowa. Privately printed, 1881.
8vo, pp. 18.
Reprinted from Ameriean Ohur^ Betiew.

Prrrt, WiLUAM Stevens. Diocese of Iowa. The Kpiseopal Address of
William Stevens Perry, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Iowa, 1881. Daven-
port, Iowa, 1881.

8rO| pp. 18.

Perry, Willlam Stevens. Easter with the Poets. By William Stevens
Perry, Bishop of Iowa. Davenport, Iowa, 1881.
24mo,pp.22.

Perrt, WiLUAM Stevens. The Chnrch's Tear. By William Stevens
Perry, Bishop of Iowa. Davenport, Iowa, 1881.
24mo, pp. 82

326 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

PkMy, William Stsvkns. The Chnroh's Gxowtfa and the jDhnreh'e Needs
in Iowa. A Letter from Bishop Peny. Davenport, 1882.

8To,pp.4.

PSBBT, WiLU^ Stbyxms. Dioceoe of Iowa. The Epieeopal Address of
Wimam Stevens Perry, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Iowa, 1882. Daven-
port, Iowa, 1882.
8To,pp.lC.

The asme, 1883^ DsYenport, Iowa, 188S. 8to, pp. 2S.
The Mm6b 1S6L Dsyenporti Iowa, 1884. 8vo, pp. 18.

Prrrt, WiixiAii Stevkns. Historical Sketch of the Prdtestant Episcopal
Charoh in the United States of America, 1784-1884. By the Rt. Rev.
William Stevens Perry, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Iowa. New York,
1884.

12aM>, pp. 9.

PxBRT, WiLUiOi Stetkks. A Disconrse : Delivered in the Cathedral of
Oar Meroiftil Saviour at Farlhanlt, Minnesota, before the Offlcers, Fac-
nlty, Gradaatee, and Stadents of Seahary Hall, the Divinity School of
* the Xrans-Missisffippi Sees and Jurisdictions, on the eve of the Centen-
ary of the Consecration of the Reverend Samuel Seabury^ D. D., Oxon.,
to the Episcopate of Connecticut by the Bishops of the Catholic Re-
mainder of the Chnrch in Scotland, at A.berdeen, November 14, A. D.
1784y and Repeated in the Cathedral at Davenport, Iowa, on the
Twenty^seoond Sunday after Trinity, November 16th, A. D. 1884. By
William Stevens Perry, D. p., LL. D., Bishop of Iowa and Historiog-
rapher of the American Church. Davenportt Iowa, 1884. '

8TO,pp.l9.

PxRRY, William Steysns. The Election of the First Bis1v»p of Connect-
icut, at Woodbury, on the Feast of the Annunciation, 1783. An ^istor-
ical Review. By William Stevens Perry, Historiographer of the Amer-
ican Church. Davenport, Iowa, 1884.
8yo,pp.l4.

PsBRT, WiLLLUC SxEVBNS. The Men and Measures of the Massachusetts
Conventions of 1784-^85. A Discourse delivered in Christ Church, Cam-
bridge, Mass., before the Eastern Convocation of the Diocese of Mas-
sachusetts, on Occasion of the Celebration of the Centenary of the
Founding of the Diocese. By William Stevens Perry, D. D., LL. D.,
Bishop of Iowa. Boston, 1885.
12mo, pp. 24.

Perry, William Stkvens. The History of the American Episcopal Church,
1587-1783. By WiUiam Stevens Perry, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Iowa.
In two volumes. Boston, 18^.

Royal 8to, pp. xz, SSft-ziv, 690.

VoL I. The Planting and Growth of the American Colonial Chnroh, 1S87-1783.

Vol. II. The Organisation and Progreiia of the American Church, 1788-1883.

PxBRT, WiLLiAii Stevkns. Diocese of Iowa. The Episcopal Address of
William Stevens Perry, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of Iowa. Davenport,
Iowa, 1685.

8to, ppl 21.

The aame, 1888. Dayenport, Iowa, 1886, 8to, pp. 18.

The aame, 1887. Davenport, Iowa, 1887, Sro, pp. 18.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 327

Perry, William Stevsns. A Diaooarae delivered in the Cathedral of 88.
Peter and Paul, Chicago, Illinois, on Friday, Fe'braary 4th, 1887, the
Centenary of the Consecration of the Rt. Rev. William White, D. D.,
Bishop of Pennsylvania, and Repeated in the Cathedral, Davenport,
Iowa, on Septnagesima Sunday, Fehrnary 6th, 1887. By William
Stevenis Perry, Bishop of Iowa and Historiographer of the American
Chiiroh. Printed by request. Davenport, Iowa, 1887.
8to, pp.21.

Pkrrt, William Stbvrns. The Centenary of the British Colonial Epis-
copate. A Sermon Preached in St. PanVs Cathedral, Wednesday, June
29, 1887, on occasion of the 186th Anniversary of the Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. By William Stevens
Perry, Bishop of Iowa. London : Printed for the Society for the Prop-
agation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1887.
8to, pp. 14.
The aame (raprint). Grinnell, Iowa, 8to, pp. 22.

Pkrry, William Stevens. A Missionary Apostle. A Sermon Preached in
Westminster Abbey, Friday, August 12, 1887, on occasion of the Cen-
tenary of the Consecration of Charles Inglis, D. D., First Bishop of
Nova Scotia. By William Stevens Perry, Bishop of Iowa. London,
1887.

8To,pp. 12.

The use of the word "rebel/* aaapplled toonr forefathers by Dr. IiiKlis in a letter
quoted in this disooane, waa made the occasion of a sensational oablejpwn to the
Ifew Tork World bitterly assailing the preacher, who, without his knowledge, had
been the preceding day unanimoasly elected by the Synod at Halifax, Noria Scotia,
Lord Bishop of Nova Scotia. The New Tork World snbsequently published a com-
munication denying the charges brought against the preacher by its London cor-
respondent.

Perry, William Stbvbns. A Sermon Preached at the Consecration of
the Rt. Rev. W.T. Harrison, D.D., Lord Bishop of Glasgow and Gal-
loway, at the Chnrch of St. Maty the Virgin, Glasgow, Scotland, on
Saturday, September 29, 1888, being the Feast of S. Michael and All
Angels. By William Stevens Perry, D. D., Oxon., Bishop of Iowa.
Printed by request, 1888.
-12mo,pp.l5u

Pbbry, Wiluam Stevens. Diocese of Iowa. The Episcopal Address of
William Stevens Perry, Bishop of Iowa, 1888. Davenport, Iowa, 1888.

8vo, pp. 14.

The same 1889. Davenport, Iowa, 1880, 8vo, pp.

Perrt, William Stevens. An Order of Service for the Centennial Anni-
versary of the Inauguration of Geo^^ge Washington as President of the
United States. [1889.1
8yo, pp. 4.

Authorized for use in their respective dioceses by the Bishops of Minnesota,
Kansas, Missouri, Colorado, Qaincy, North Dalkota, Nebraska, and others. Re-
printed and allowed for use in Old St. John's, Biohraond, by the Bishop of Vir-
ginia. Used in part at SL Paul's Chapel, New York City, on occasion of the oele-
bratlon'of the inaufifuration centenary by the Society of the Cincinnati.

In aU, upwards of 100,000 copies of the Order of Service were printed and circu-
Uited.

828 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Pbrry, WilliailStev£N8. a Sermoa delivered in Saint Paul's Chapel, in
the City of New York, before the Order of the Cincinnati, on Sonday
April 28th, A. D. 1889, on occasion of the Centennial Celebration of
the Inaug^nration of George Washiiigton, as President of the* United
States. By William Stevens Perry, D. D., Ozoit., LL. D., D. 0. L.,
Bishop of Iowa and a Chaplain-General of the Order of the Cincinnati.

8to, pp. 10.

Two editions of the above were isaaed in Davenport, Iowa, at the time.

PsBRT, William Stbvknb. Diocese of Iowa. A Pastoral to be read in
the Churches. [1889.]
12mo, pp. 7.

Beqairing the observance of the centenary of the inangoration of Washington.
Reprinted, on a quarto broadside, as one of. the documents of the National Com-
mittee.

Phblan, Jamks. Philip Massinger and his Plays. A Dissertation for the
Acquisition of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University
of Leipzig. By James Phelan, Memphis, Tennessee, U. S. A. Leipzig,

1878.

Also in AngVUi, May, 1878.

Phklan, Jambs. Articles on Andrew Johnson, Sam Houston, and Felix
Grundy, iu ''Appleton's Cycloptedia of American Biography.'* By
James Phelau. New York, 1886-'89.

Phslan, James. History of Tennessee. The Making of a State. By James

Phelan. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1888.
8yo, pp. 478.

Phslan, James. School History of Tennessee. By James Phelan. Phila-
delphia : £. H. Butler <& Co., 1889.
8vo, three maps and portraits.

Phillips, Hemrt, Jr. History of the Pennsylvania Paper Money. 1868.

Phillips, Hknry, Jr. Catalogue of New Jersey Bills of Credit. 1863.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. History of American Colonial Paper Currency. 18H5.

Philups, Henry, Jr. Medicine and Astrology. 1866.

Piui.lips, Henry, Jr. The Pleasures of Numismatic Science. 1867.

Phillips, Henry, J^. History of Maryland Currency. 1867.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. Considerations upon the Numismatic Society .'' 1867.

Philups, Henry, Jr. Paper on a Hoard of Coins Exhnmed at Paris. 1867.

Phillips, Hknry, Jr. Cozumel. 1868.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. Cowries as a Currency. 1868.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. The Coins and Coinage of China. 1869.

Philups, Henry, Jr. The Remains in the Ribbesdale Caves. 1869.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. Discovery of America by the Northmen. 1871.

Philups, Henry, Jr. An Account of a Black-Letter Almanac for 1620.
1871.

Philups, Henry, Jr. The Magic of the Middle Ages ; Albertas Magnus.
1872.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. Danish Architecture of the Middle Ages. 1873.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. Late Discoveries at Pompeii. 1874.

BIBLIOGRAPHY— FOBD. 329

Phillipb, Hsnbt, Jr. Origin and Coinage of Money. 1875.

PHIIXIP8, HxKRT, Jr. The First American Expedition to the North Pole.
1«76.

Phillips, Hbnry, Jr. The Falsification of Coins. 1876.

Philups, Hknrt, Jr. Pre-historio Pompeii. 1876.

Phillips, He^ry, Jr. Method used hy the Aztecs in making Obsidian
Implements. 1877.

Philufs, Henry, Jr. Notes on Coins.— First paper. 1878.

Philups, Henry, Jr. List of Waterloo Medals. 1878.

PHILLIPS) HsNRT, Jr. Aoconnt of the Earthquake at Aix-la-Chapelle.

1878.

Phillips, Henry, Jr.* Worship of the Son as shown onXiJolns. 1679.

Philups, Henry, Jr. Account of an Old Work on Cosmography. 1879.

Philups, Henry, Jr. Notes on a Denarins of Angostas. 1880.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. Obitqary Address on Pet«r MoCall. 1880.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. Early Philadelphia Almanacs. 1860.

Philups, JSenry, Jr. Stone Age in Asia and Africa. 1880.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. Notes on CuinH.'Second paper. 1880.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. Certain Early Maps of America! 1880.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. Old-Time Snperstitions.— No. 1. 1881.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. A Glimpse into the Past. 1881.

Philups, Henry, Jr. Head- Dresses ezhiliited on Coins. 1881.

PHII.LIPS, Henry, Jr. Remarks on a coin of Sicyon. 1882.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. A Pre-historic Epic. 1882.

Philups, Henry, Jr. Coinage of the United States. 1883.

Philups, H&nry, Jr. American Archseological Museums in the U. S. 1883.

Pollard. JduN. History of Lee Street Baptist Church, of Baltimore, Md.
October, 1876.

Pollard. John. Some Facts in History of New-Testament Text.

Beliffiotii Herald, Richmond, Va., Beoember, 1878, and Jannsry, 1870, toIb. 61
•nd 52.

Poole, William Frederick, and others. The Popham Colony ; a Discus-
sion of its Historical Claims, with a Bihliography of the Subject. Bos-
ton : Wiggin <& Lunt, 1866.

8vo, pp. 72.
EditJou, 300 oopiea.

1. The Last Popham Address. By W. F. Poole. Boston Daily Advertiitr, April
11, 1886. Being a notice of the address of James W. Patterson at the 258tb Popham
aniiiTersarj, Angnitt 29, 1885.

2. Same title. By Edward Ballard.- Boston Daily Advertiser, April 21, 1866.
Beipg a reply.

3. Same title. By W. F. Poole. Boston Daily Advertiser, April 26, 1866. Being a
rejoftider.

4. Same title. "Again and Finally.*' By Edward Ballard.
6. **A running review *' of the abore. By Frederic Kidder.
6. Bibliography of the Popham Colony. By W. F. Poole.

330 AMERICAN UI8T0EICAL ASSOCIATION

Poole, William Fkkdbrick, editor. Wonder- Working Pro videooe of
Sions Saviour in New England [by Captain Edward Johnson, of
Wobnrni Maaaachuaetts Bay], London, 1654. With an historical intro-
duction and an index by William Frederick Poole. Andover : Pnb-
llflhed by Warren F. Draper, 1867.
4to,pp.oliT, 266.

Tan copies dnwinfc paper ; 50 copies large paper ; 250 copies small paper.
Introduction, 1S9 pp. ; Genealogy of the Descendants of Bdward Johnson, by
John Alonso Boatelle, 15 pp. ; text of Wonder- Working Providence, 236 pp. ;
Coorteous Beader, books printed for Nathaniel Brooke, 4 pp. ; Index, 23 pp.

PooLB, WiLLLAjf Frbdcrick. The Popham Colony.

North American Seview, Vol. cvn, October, 1868, 8to, pp. 663-679.

PooLB, WiLUAM Frxdbrick. The Mather Papers. Cotton Mather and
Salem Witchcraft. Privately printed. Boston^ 1866.
12mo. pp.23.
Beprinted from Boiton DaUy AdvertUer^ October 28, 1868.

PooLB, William Frederick. Cotton Mather and Salem Witchcraft. By
William Frederick Poole. Boston [privately planted], 1669.
8to, pp. 63.

Beprinted fh>m Korth Atneriean Review, April, 1860, VoL cvut pp. 387-397.
BeviewedinHwtoriccirflfa^cmne, Vol. XYi, pp.129, by Cha9. W. Uphsm; in Bo»-
ton Baify Advertiter, April 9, 1870, by D. A. Goddard ; Botton JaumaH, January 28,
1870.

PooLE, William Frederick. Cotton Mather and Witchcraft. Two no-
tices of Mr. Upham. His reply. Boston, 1870.
Sq. 16mo, pp. .30.

Beprinted from WtUchman and Re/lector, Boston, May 5, 1870, and Ohrislian Bra^
Boston, April 28. 1870.

PooLE, WiLUAM Frederick. The Witchcraft Delusion of 1692. By Gov-
ernor Thomas Hutchinson. From an unpublished manuscript (an
early draft of his ^' History of Massachusetts '').in the Massachusetts
Archives. With notes by William Frederick Poole. Boston, privately
printed, 1870.
Sm. 4to, pp. 43.

Beprinted from New England Hittorical and Qenealogieal Begitter, October, 1870,
Vol. XXIV, p. 381.

PooLE, William Frederick. Anti-Slavery Opinions before the Year 1800.
Bead before the Cincinnati Literary Club, November 16, 1872. By
William Frederick Poole. To which is appended a fao-simile reprint of
Dr. Geoi^e Buchanan's '^Oration on the Moral and Political Evil of
Slavery," delivered at a public meeting of the Maryland Society for
Promoting the Abolition of Slavery [at Baltimore^, July 4, 1791. Cin-
cinnati: Robert Clark & Co., 1873.

8to, pp. 82, 20.

PooLB, William Frederick. The Ordinance of 1787, and Dr. Manaaseh
Cutler as an Agent in its Formation. By William Frederick Poole. Cam-
bridge, Mass. : University Press, 1876.

8vo, pp. 38.

Beprinted from North American Review, April, 1876, VoL cxxu, pp. 229-965.

Beriewediu Chicago Tndune, April 1, 1876; Chicago Inter- Ocean, Aprils, 1876;
New York Daily Tribune, April 5, 1876 ; BotUm Dailg Advertiter, April 8, 1876 ; Cin-
cinnati Bnquirer, April 21, 1876.

BIBLIOGBAPHY — ^FORD. 331

Poole, William Frbderick. Witchcraft in Bostun. *

WiMmr'9 Memorial HUtory of BmIoh, YoL li. p. ISL
Poole, Wilu am Fbederick. The Pablic Library of oar Time. The Presi-
dent^ii Address at the Meeting of the American Library Association,
held at Jtonnd Island, N. Y., Ang. 30-^pt. 8, 1887. By William F.
Poole, LL. D. Privately printed, 1887.

Sbl 4to, pp. 10.

Reprfntod flnom Library JourwU^ VoL x^ pp. S11-3S0.
Poole, William Fkederick. The West ; from thie Treaty of Peace with
France, 1763, to the Treaty of Peace with England, 178.1.

Winaor^M NarraUve and CriUeal Hittory qf A nuriea. VoL vt, pi». 685-743.

Poole, William Frederick. The Early Northwest. Ah Address before
the American Historical Association in Washington, December 26, 1888.
By the President, William Frederick Poole, LL. D. New York : The
Knickerbocker Press, 1889.

9TO,pp.26.

Reprinted from Papen qf Uu Anuriean Hitt&rieal A$»ociaHoH, VoL m, pp. 277-308.

Poole, William Frederick. Roosevelt's *^ The Winning of the West."

AOmUieMiynthly, November. I8SB, VoL xliv, pp. S8a-700.

Hlfttoricel oontribatiooii to iiew8pepen-~I%« Dial, Chieego :

Vol. I, lS81-'«2^Hildzeth'e History of the United BtAtee, p. 1 ; Dexter'e History
of Congregationalitmt p. 60 ; Winaor'e Memorial History of Boeton, p. 1S2 ; Father
Louis Hennepin, p. 253.

You II, ISSl-'Sl— Lodge's History of the English Colonies in' America, p. 32'; The
Torktown Campaign. 1781, p. 111^ Lossing's Popular Cydoptediaof United States
History, p. 209; Gener^ Arthur St. Clair, pp. 227-251 .

Vol. Ill, 1882-'83.— General Arthur St Clair and the Ordinance of J 787, p. 13;
Doyle's RngUah Coloniea hi Ametiba,' p. 221 ; McMaster's History of the United
States, Vol. 1. p. 271.

Vol. IV, 1883-'84.~The Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts, p. 32 ; German Mer-
cenaries in the Reyolntionary War, p. 305.

Vol. V, 188i-'86.— Discoveries of America; the Lost Atlantis Theory, p. 97;
Thomas Hutchinson, p. 54 ; Arnold's Life of Abraham Lincoln, p. 261 ; The Poca-
hontas Story, p. 318.

Vol. VI, 1885-'86.— Hosmer's Samuel Adams, p. 65: McMaster's History of the
United States, VoL ii, p. 110 ; Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America,
p. 317.

Vol. vu, 1886-'87 Thomas Hutchinson, p. 102 ; Preston'* Documents Illustrative

of American History, p. 155; Adams's Emancipation of Massachusetts, p. 363.

Vol. vui. 1887-88.— The Cessions of the Western Lands, p. 285 ; Winsor's Narra-
tive and Critical History of America, p. 337.

Vol. IX, 1888-'80.— Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America, p. 127:
» Hoemer's Sir Henry Vane. p. 317.

Also reviews as below : Cooke's (John Esten) History of VirginiSi Ohioago Tnb-
ttiM, September 22,1883; The Bayard Family, Ohieago Evening Journal July 8,
1880; Nathaniel Mather, SaUm Rtgitter, September 12, 1870; The Mather Bibliog-
raphy, BotUm Daiiy Advertiser, August 15. 1870; Bancroft's Tenth Volume of His-
tory of the United Sitates, Chicago TrUmne^ December 18, 1874; (reprinted, Boston
Tirtmaeriptt July 7, 1876) ; Yale in 1700, Chicago TrUnms, January 10, 1875 ; Palfrey's
^urth Vo!ume of History of New England, Chicago Trilmne, March 25, 1876; Yale
in Literature, Chicago Times, January 6, 1878; Sara. Petent and his Blue Laws,
Ohieago Tribune, December 22. 1877; Samuel Sewell's Diary. Chicago TrOmne, Nov-
embsr, 8^ 1879; Early American Books, Chicago Times, May 12, 1876.
Porter, John Addison. The City of Washington ; its Origin and Ad-
ministration. Baltimore: N. Marray, Publication Agent, Johns Hop-
kiniT University, 1885.

8vo^ pp. 55.

3^2 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

PoBTBR, Jo^N Addisi»k. Sketches of Yale Life. Being selections, aerioaa
and hamorons, from the Yale PublicaUons. Waahington : Arlington
Pabli6hingCoMl6S6.

12nMi, pp. 288. 2,0C0 oopte^ efiectrotyped.

Porter, John Addison. The College Fraternities and Clnbs of the U. S.

The Century, September, 1882.

Kameroas contribntiona to The Xene Englander daring tbe pafttrfive years on
"The LMt Hawtborae MS" "Tbe Middle Kingdom of Cbina." ''The Sect«t
Society System of Tal%," "Alex. Joboaon's 'Connecticut,' " etc.

Porter, John Addison. Decenuial Record, Class of 1878, Yale College.

New Haven : University Printers, 1888.

pp. 156. Not electxotyped. Edition, 200. ' ' '

Porter, John Addison. The Corporation of Yale College Historicaily
and Practically Considered. Washington, D. C, June, l88&.
pp. 24. Edition, 2,000.

Powell, John Wesley. Biographical notice of the late Archibald R.
Marvine. By J. W. Powell. (Fromthe '^Ballettnof thePhiloeophioal
Society " of Wanhingfcoii, D. C. )
8vo, 1 p. L, Tiii, pp.

Originally printed in PhUotophieal Society of Wathington, BuUetin, Vol., 2, Waah-
iagtoB, ]876-'80, Svo, Appendix No. X, pp. 53^60.

Powell, John Wesley. Sketch of Lewis R. Morgan, President of the
American Association for the Advancemeut of Science.

Popular Science Monthly, New York, D/ Appleton Sc Co.. 1881, 8vo, VoLzyiii,
pp. 114-121.

Powell, John Wesley. The Philosophic Bearings of Darwinism. An
address delivered by John Wesley Powell belora the Biological So-
ciety of Washington at the Darwin Memorial Meeting, May 12, 1882.
Waahington : Jitdd «& Detweiler, printers, 1882.
Svo, pp. 18.

. Also in Proeeediitgf of the Biological Society of Washington. With the addreaaes
read on tbe occasion of the Darwin Memorial Meeting, May 12» 1882. Washington,
1882, 8vo, vol 1, pp. 60-70.

Powell, John Wesley. Eulogy of Professor Baird. An address deliv-
ered at a meeting held Jatiuury 11, 1888, under the Joint anspices of the
Anthropological, Biological, and Philosophical Societies of Washing-
ton. By J. W.Powell. Washington : J udd & Detweilerf 1888.
8yo. pp. 7. 1 plate.

Same in Bulletin of the Philoeophical Society of Waehington, 1887, Washington,
1888, 8vo, vol. 10, pp. 71-77; icnd in " Pioceedings at a meeting commemoratiTeof the
life and acientific work of Spencer Fidlerton Baird, held Janaary 11, 1888,<4inder
tbe Joint anapicea of tbe Anthropological, Biolofrical. and Philoaopbical Soeietlea
of Waabington " Wanhingfon, D.C.: -liidd d& Detweiler, Printers, 1888. 8vo,pp.
81-87.

Alao namerona contrlbutiona to ]Mriodicala, eapecially on the btotory^and caatoma
of North American Indiana.
Preston, Howard Willis. Documents IllnstratiTe of American History,
1606-1863, with introductions and references, by Howard W. Preston.
New York and London: G. P. Putnam^s Sons,* The Knickerbocker
Press, 1886.
8TO, pp. 320.

CoMTKin8.—Fir8t Virginia Charter, 1006; Second Virginia Charter. 1009; Third
Virginia Charter, 1612; Mayflower Compact, 1020; Ordinance for Virginia, 1021;
Masaaobnaetta Ciiarter, 1629 ; Maryland Charter, 1630 ; Fundamental Ordera of Con-

BIBLIOGKAPHY-T-FORD, 333

BMtioiil^ 1680; New Englaikd Confederation, 1043; Gonneotiont Charter, 1662;
]^hod« Taland Charter, 1M3 ; Pennsylrania Charter, 1681 ; Peon's Plan of Union,
1697 ; GoorKia Charter, 1782 *. Franklin's Plan of Union, 1754 ; I>eclaTation of ^ghts,
17tt; Declaration of Rightd, 1774; Kon-Importation Agreement, 1774; Meoklen-
hwgh Beaolation, 1775; Virginia Bill of Bighta, 1776; Deolan^Qnoflndependence,
1776; Artiolesof Confederation, 1776; Treaty of Pea^M), 1783; Constltation, 1787;
Alien and Sedition Laws, 1798;. Virginia Besolutiona, 1798; Kentucky Beeoln-
tiona, 1798; Kentucky Resolutions, 1799; Nullifloation Ordinance, 1832; Ordi-
nance of Seceasioo, I860; South Carolina Declaration of Independence, I860; Sman-
bicipation Proclamation, 1868.

ReTiewedin The Providence Journal, October 17. 1886; The Aaeicm, October 28,
1886 ; Ths Chrutian Union, December 30. 1886.

Prince, L. Bradford. The Agricnltnral History of Qaeene's Connty.
Pnblished by the Qaeene's County A^nricuUnral Society, 18G2.
8r6.
PrincKi L. Bradford. £ Plaribns Unatn, or American Nationality. The
Articles of Confederation vs. The Constitution. Th^ Progress of
Nationality among the People and in the Goyemment. New York :
G. P. Putnam Sl Son, 1867. ' ,
12mo, pp. 126.

Prikce, L. Bradford. The General Laws of New Mexico. Albany : W.
C. Little & Co., 1880.
8to, pp.603.
Second edition, 1882, pp. 738.

Prince, L. Bradford. A Nation or a League. Chicago : Belford, Clarke
& Co:, 1880.
I2mo, pp. 127.

Prince, L. Bradford. Historical Sketches of New Mexico from the
Earliest Records to the American Occupation. New York: Leggat
Bros. Kansas City: Ramsay, Millett & Hudson, 1683.
12mo, pp. 827.

Second edition, pp. 336l 1883.
Prince, L. Bradford. The American Church and its Name. New York :
Banm & Geddes, 1687. ^

8vo, pp. 62.

Rhodes, JaU£S Ford. The Coal and Iron Industry, of Clereland.

Ifagtuine ^f We$Um BiiUiry, Vol. ii, August, 1885, pp. 337-346.

Rhodes, James Ford. A Review of the Second Volume of McMaster's
<< History of the United States.''

Magatine of Western Bietory, Vol. ii, September, 1685, pp. 4^4-477.

Rhodizs, James Ford. A Review of Wilson's '^ Congressional Govern-
ment."

Magtuine of We*Um Hietory, YoL lU, Vovember, 1885, pp. 15-26.

Rhodes, James Ford. Some Lessons of History.

MoffOitine of Western Jiietory,Yo\. in, December, 1885, pp. 148-157.

Rhodes, James Ford. Review of Samuel S. Cox's ** Three Decades of
Federal Legislation."

Magaxine of Western History, Vol. ui, February, 1886, pp. 356-366.

Roberts, Ellis Henry. The Battle of Oriskany : its Place in History.
Historical Address. August, 1877.
8vo, pp. 66.
Separately printed.

Pnblished also in ^'Centennial Celebrations," by the State of Kew York. Al-
bany, 1879.

334 AMERICAN niSTOfelCAL ASSOCIATION.

Roberts, Ellis Hkxrt. Gfoyemment Revenue, esjiecially the American
System. An Argnment for Indostrial Freedbm against the Fallaoiee of
Free Trade. Includes a review of Methods of Raising Revenue in
the United States and other nations. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin dc.
Co., 1884.

12ino, pp. 38B.

Eleotrotyped, four editiona, 2,500 copies.

Roberts, Elus Henry. New York : The Growth of the Empire State.
[In ' 'American Commonwealth '' seriesi] . Boston and New York:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
2 vols., 12mo, pp. 75&
Eleotrotyped, two editions, 2,ft00 copies.

Roberts, Elus Henry. New York and the Iroquois. Historical Ad-
dress. 1879.

8vo, pp. 14.

Pablished in "Journals of the Military Expedition of M^or-General John Sulli-
van against the Six Nations of Indians, with Records of Centennial Celehrations, "
by the State of Kew^Tork, Aubom 1887.

RoPKS, John Codman. The Other View of Napoleon HI.
The Kation, January 23, 1873.

Ropes, John Codman. Who lost Waterloo ?

The AUantie Monthly, June, 1881, pp. 68&-800, two maps. "

Ropes, John Codman. Campaigns of the Civil War. IV. The Army
under Pope. New York : Charles Sorihner's Sons, 1881.
12mo, pp. — , maps.

The copies printed in 1882, and snbseqnently, are in reality a second edition, and
contain some important changes, as on page 204, etc.

Ropes, John Codman. The Peninsular Campaign of General MoClellan in'
1862. Papers read before the Military Historical Society of Massachu-
setts in 1876, 1877, 1878, and 1880. Printed by the Society. Volome I.
Boston : James R. Osgood and Company, 1881.
8vo.

I. General McCiellan*s Flans for the Campaign of 1862, and the alleged interfer-
enoe of the GoTemment with them.

Ropes, John Codman. Gardner's " Waterloo."

The Nation, Hay or Jane, 1882.

A review of " Qnatre-Bras, Ligny, and Waterloo. A Narrative of the Campaign
of 1815." By Dorsey Gardner. Boston: Houghton, MiflUn & Co., 1882.

RoPBS, John Codman. The Civil War in America. A Review of Vol. Ill
of the [^ History of the Civil War in America. By the Comte de f^aris."
Atlantic Monthly, September, 1883.

Ropes, John Codman. Bazaine's Apology. A Review of ** Episodes de la
Guerre de 1870 et le Blocus de Motz. Par Tex-Mar^hal Bazaine." Mad-
rid, 1883.

The Nation, June 14, 1883.

Ropes, John Codman. General Beauregard.

AOanUe Monthly, April, 1881.

A review of "The Military Operations of General Beanrpgard.**

RoPBS, John Codman. The First Napoleon. A Sketch, Political and Mil-
itary. Boston and New York : Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1885.
Six editions.

BJBLIOORAPHT — POED. 335

ROPSS, John Codman. General J. £. B. Stnart.

Atlantic Monthly i March, 1886.

A review of MoClellan's '* Life aod Campaiffiis of Mi^or-GeneralJ. B. B. StaArt."
BopBS^ John Codman. The Battle of Qettysburg.
A tlantie Monthly, December, 1886.

A review of " The Battle of Getty sbarg." From the " Hiatory of the Civil War
in America. By the Comte de Paris."

Ropes, John Codman. The Virginia Campaign of Qeneral Pope in 1862.
Papers read before the Mrlitary Historical Society of Massachasetts in
1876, 1877, and 1880. Printed by the Society. Volome II. Boston:
Ticknor and Company, 1886.
8vo, pp. — , maps.

3. The Campaifm of GenexM Pope in Virginia, its Objects and General Plan.
Second part : to the 28th of Angnst, 1862.

4. The same snbject. Third part: to the Bnd of the Campaign.
13. The Hearing in the Case of Fits John Porter.

Ropes, John Codman. The Likenesses of Jalins Cassar.
Seribner^s Magazine, Febmary, 1887, illustrated.

Ropes, John Codman. General McClellan.

AOanOe Monthly, A pril, 1 887.
A review of McClellan's" Own Story." •
Ropes, John Codman. 'A Few Words about Secession.

Harvard Monthly, May* 1888. •

Ropes, John Codman. Some Illustrations of Napoleon and His Times.
Scribner^t Magazine for Jane and Joly, 1887, illustrated.

Ropes, John Codman. The Campaign of Waterloo.

Scribner''s Magazine for March and April, 1888, illustrated.

ROSBNGARTEN, JOSEPH George. Modern War jn Theory and Practice.
Onited Service Magazine, January, 1864, pp. 10.

Rosengarten, Joseph George. John Brown's Raid, How I got into it
and how I got out of it.

A tlantie Monthly, June, 1865, pp. 7. ^

Rosengarten, Joseph George. The Records of Venetian Diplomacy.

North Amerifoan Befrievo, January, 1865, pp. 7.

Rosengarten, Joseph George. The Civil Service of the United States.

National Quarterly Review, September, 1867. pp. 20. -

Rosengarten^ Joseph George. The Encyclopedists.

AtlanHe Monthly. Febmary. 1868.

Rosengarten, Joseph George. History and Literature of Civil Service
Reform.

Princeton Revieto, January, 1870, pp. 21.

Rosengarten, Joseph George. Civil Service Reform. Read before the
American Social Science Association, October 25, 1870.
Penn MotUhly, November, 1870.
Also printed in pamphlet form, pp. 22.

Rosengarten, Joseph George. American Biography.

Penn Monthly, A pril, 1871, pp. 12.

Rosengarten, Joseph George. The Political Literature of the United

States.

Penn Monthly, August, September, October, 1871, pp. 58.

Rosengarten, Joseph George. The Law of Partnership.

Penn Monthly, April, 1874, pp. 22.

Reprinted in pamphlet by Philadelphia Social Science Association.

336 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

RoSEMQARTEN, JOSEPH OsoRGS. Reform Sobools. Philadelphia Social
ScieDce Assooiation, 1879.
9ro,pp.32.

RosENGARTEN, JOSEPH Georor. Ponal and Reformatory loBtitationa.
Read before Philadelphia Society for Orgaoizing Charity.
Perni Monthly^ Jannarj, 1881, Svo, pp. 16.

RossiiGARTEN, Joseph George. Memoir of M%jor-GeDeral John F. Rey-
nolds, and Rear-Admiral William Reynolds. Read before the His-
torical Society of Pennsylvania, March 8, 1880. Philadelphia: J. B.
Lippincott* Co., 1880.
8TO,pp.34.

RosKM GARTEN, JOSEPH Geoege. The German Soldier in the Wars of the
United States. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Co., 1881.

Sto, pp. 175.

Read berore tbo Pionier- Yerein of the Germaii Society of Philadelphia. Prhitod
In the UniUd Service Magazine, June, Jnly, and Augnat^ New Yortc, 1885, YoL ZQ,
Koe. 6, 7i 8. Reprinted by 'T. B. Lippincott Co., PhlUdelphta. 1886. Pamphlet,
Bvo, pp. 49. Translated and printed in German In the Nebraeka Tribune.

Ross, Dbnman Wacdo. The Karly History of Land-Holding among the
Germans. By Denman W. Ross, Ph. D. Boston : Sonle and Bngbee,
1883.

Sto, pp. 274.

Printed by John Wilaon & Son at the tJnlTereity Presa, Cambridge. Electrotyped.

Ross, Denman Waldo. On the Capitalization uf Land in Early Society.
By Denman W. Ross, Ph. D., Fellow of the Auiencan«Aoad«myof Arts
and Sciences. Cambridge : John Wil(M)n and Son, UniYsrsity Pxessy
1886.

8to, pp. 13.

Reprinted from the PnKeedinge i^f the Ameriean Academy t^f Arte and 8ctenoe$t
' ^ Yol. XXI.

Salmon, Lucy Maynard. Education in Michigan during the Territorial
Period.

Education, October, 1884.

Reprinted in Papers of the Michigan Pioneer Society, 1886.

rSALMoN, Lucy Maynard. History of the Appointing Power of the Presi-
dent. G. P. Putnam's Sous, 18&6.

Papere of the American Historical AesoeiaOon, Yol. i, [No. 5, pp. 129,] 2WML18.
Reviewed in Barptr'e Weekly, March 20, 1886 ; TheXation, April 8| 1888 ; The OMI
Service Informer, April, 1888.

Salmon, Lucy Maynard. . Political Parties. Their Uses and Abuses.

Vaeear MiaeeUany, NoTomber, 1888.

Salmon, Lucy Maynard. Fulton Female Seminary, 1836-1842.

Pnbliahed in '' History and Reunion of Falley Seminary." Fulton, N. Y. ; Mor-
rill Brothers, 1889.
Edition, 300 copies; pp.14.

Sanyord, Elias Benjamin. A History of Connecticut. Hartford : S. S.
Scranton & Co., 1887.
12nio,pp.881.

ReTiewed in Magazifu a/ American HiHory, December, 1887 ; IfnoMngland^ami
Yale Review, June, 1888; The CriHe, October 22. 1887.
Second edition, 1888.

BIBLIOG«APHY ^FORD. 337

Sanger, William Gary. Organization and Trainiog of a National Re-
serve fo%Military Service.

Journal 0/ the Military 84trvice InttituiUm, Harcb, 1888. '

The essay received honorable mention in the competition for the umnal g(4d
medal of the Military Service Iniititntion.

ScAiFE, Walter B. Moelem Influence on tbe.Renaiasance.
The Overland Jf onCAly, new series, VoL nx, p. 865.

SCAIFK, Walter B. The Boundary Dispnte between Maryland and Penn-
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The PenmylvaniaMagagine tf History and Biography, YoL n, No. 3, October, 1885.
pp. 241-271.

SCAiPBy Walter B. Origin of the Metric System.
The SdenUJIe Amoriean SuppUmmU, October 19, 1889.

ScAiFE, Walter B. Law and History. Kotes supplementary to the
Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science.
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pp. l&

SCRbNCK, Elizabeth Hubbbll. The History of Fairfield, Fairfield
Couuty, Connecticut, from the Settlement of the Town in 1639 to 1818.
By Mrs. Elizabeth Hubbell Schenck. Vol. I. Published by the Author.

New York, 1888.

8vo, pp. 425, maps.

Vol. 1, 1639-1700; 1,000 copies ; electrotyped.

This first volume of the " History of Fsfrtleld" containsafallhistoryof thePequot
war ; discovery and settlement of Fairfield ; Indian wars ; framing laws for the
shiru-towns; military and civil laws; marriages and baptisms; who tu admit as
town residents ; ecclesiastical laws ; social customs ; sumptuary laws ; postal route
and laws; churches, bchools, and government; life of Roger Lmllow in America ;
witch trials ; Indian deeds; land holders ; with sixty-seven genealogies of the early
settlers.

Reviews: Magazine of American History, February, 1889 ; The Bridgeport Stand'
ard, Bridgeport, Cunn., February 22, 1889 ; The Farmer, of Bridgeport, Conn., Jan-
nary 28, 18^9; the Stamford Herald, Stamford, Conn., February 20, 1889; Commer-
cial Adwrtiser. New York, March 22, 1889; The Press^ New York, February 3, 1889 ;
The Herald, New York, February 17, 1889; The Trihuns, New York, September 5,
1889.

SCHOULER, Jamks. History of the United States under the Constitution.
Boston (varioits dates).
^ Vol I (1789-1801), pp. 623, 188a
Vol. II (1801-1817), pp. 472, 1882.
Vol. Ill (1817-1831), pp. 539, 1885.
Vol. nr (1831-1847). pp. 559, 1889.
Vol. V (1847-1801), in preparation.

Scorr, Ebkn Oreenouoh. The Development of Constitutional Liberty in
the English Colonies of America. New York: G.P.Putnam's Sons,
1882.

8vo, pp. XV, 334

Scott, Eben Grkrnough. Commentaries upon the Intestate System of
-Penney Ivania and the Powers and Jurisdiction of the Orphans' Court.
2d Edition. Philadelphia : Kay & Brother, 1887.

^■vo, pp. I XXV, 961.

the first and second editions of these Conunentaries contain a chapter giving an
historical view of the rise and development of the register's and the orp^ians'
oourt of Pennsylvania.

S. Mis. 170 ^22

338 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Scott, Eben Gkeenou^h. La Notivelle France.

Atlantic Monthly, September, 1889. ^

Scott) Ebex Gbesnouoh. The French in Canada.

Atlantic Monthly, November, 1889.
ScRiPPS, James E. An Outline History of Michigan. 1873.

ScRiPPS, James E. History of the Scripps Family. 1882.

pp. 28.

Printed for priyate olrciil»tioD ; 100 copies.

Sessions, Fraxcis C. Address at the Centennial Celebration of Ohio, at
Marietta, April 7th, 1888.

Ohio Archaologieal and Mittorical Qtiarterly, pp. 145-140.

Sessions. Francis C. Art and Artists of Ohio.

Magazine of Wcntem Bittory, Vols, iv and v, in 4 parte.

Sessions, Francis C. Alaska.

Magazine of We§t*m Rittory, YoL vi.

Sewall, JoTif am Bradbury. The New England Town Honse.
Bay StaU Magazine, l8Bi,

An attempt in a popular way to »how the origin of onr New Bnjcland histitn-
tions. *

Sewall, Jotham Bradbury. The Manuscript Alphabet of our Colonial
Fathers. A paper read before the American Philological Association
at its meeting in Cambridge, Mass., July, 1882.

An endeavor to trace to their origin pbilologically, or rather aa a philologist, the
many peculiar forma of letters in manaacripts of our Colonial fathers.

Sewall, May Wright. A Report on the Position of Woman in Indus-
try and Education in the State of Indiana. Corlon and HoUenbeck,
Printers, 1885.

8vo, pp. 16.

Prepared for the Indiana department of the New Orleans Exposition, by Hay
Wright Sewall, at the request of the oommissioners for Indiana.

Sewall, May Wright. Women as Educators. By Mrs. May Wright
Sewall.^ Read at the Fifteenth Annual Congress of the Association for
the Advancement of Women, at New York, October, 1887. Fall River,
Mass. : J. H. Franlclin and Co., Publishers and Printers, 1888.
8vo, pp. 16.

Sewall, May Wright. Higher Education for Women in the United
States. By May Wright Sewall, A. M. , Principal of the Girls' Classical
School, Indianapolis, Indiana. Washington, D. C. : Rufus H. Darby,
Printer.

8vo, pp. 51-63.

In the "Report of the International Council of Womm, assembled at Washing-
ton, D.C., 1888."

Shaw, Albert. Local Government in Illinois.
Fortnightly Revietp, London, 1882.
Reprinted, 1883, Johm Bopkina Univenity Stttdiet, Vol. i, No. 3.

Shaw, Albert. The Growth of Internationalism.

InteniaHonal Review, April, 1883.

Shaw, Albert. Icaria : a Chapter in the History of Communism. New
York : G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1884.
pp.219.
Oeinian translation : Robert Luts, Stuttgart^ 1886.

BIBLTOORAPHY — FORD. . '339

Shaw, Albert. Co-operation in a Westorn City. American Eksonomle
AsBociation, 1686.

pp. 106.

Shaw, Albert. The American State and the American Man.
. OnUtmpifrafy Rnim» (Ixtedon), 1887.

Shaw, ALsiERT. History of Co-operation iu the Northwest.

JnHmt HopAiflW Vfiivertlty Studiu, 188B, YoL Tl, Kob. 4, 5, fi, tvo, pp. 167.

Shaw, Albbrt. The National Revennes. Chicago : A. C. McClnrg & Co.,

1888. .

8vo, pp. 246. y '

Shaw, Albert. The American Tariff.

ConUmpwraiy JUtfiete (London), 1888.

Shaw, Albert. The American Slate Legiaiatnree.
€onUmp9rary Xewiew (London), 1888.

Shaw, Albert. Mnnioipal Socialism in Scotland.
Juridical Keview (Bdinbnrgh), 1880.

Shaw, Albert.* Mnnicipal Qovemment in Great Britain.

FoKHeal Seienee Quarterly, 1889.

Shbafer, Peter Wexrich. Historical Map of Pennsylvania, showing the
Indian Names of Streams, and Villages, and Paths of Travel ; the Sites
of Old JTorts ahd Battle-fields ; the Saocessive Porchases from the In-
dians, ; and the Names and Dates of Connties and County Towns ; with
Tables of Forts and Proprietary Manors. Edited by P. W. Sheafer
and others. Publication Fund of the Historical Society of Pennsyl-

Tania, 1875.

8to, pp. 28 and map.

Sheafer, Peter Wenrich. «Coal. Historical, Descriptive, and Statis-
tical ; Areas in all Countries ; Production and Preparation. Philadel-
phia: Publisher, J. M. Stoddart, 1885.
8vo, pp. 98, 13 plates, lllaatrated.

Pablished in " Encyclopedia Amerioana,*' VoL n,aupplomenito *' Bncydopndia
Britannica."

■

Shoemaker, Michael. Jackson County. Historical Slcetch of the City
of Jackson, Mich. William D. Thompson, Banker, of Jackson, Michi-
gan. Narrative of Colonel Michael Shoemaker of the part taken by
the Thirteenth Regiment Michigan Volunteer Infantry in the Battle
of Stone River, or Murfreesboro, in Tennessee, on the 29th, 30th, and
dint December, 1862, and the Ist, 2d, and 3d January, 1863.

CoUeeHont of Pioneer and Bietorieal Society of the StaU of Michigan, YoL ii, 8to.

Shoemaker, Micqael. War Sketch by Colonel Shoemaker. Narrative
of tko Capture of Colouel Michael Shoemaker, of the Thirteenth Regi-
meat of Michigan Volunteer Infantry ; his Journey to Richmond, Vir-
ginia ; his Experience in Libby Prison ; his Exchange and Return.

CMUctione qf Pioneer and Hielorical Sodeiy of ike StaU o/ Mickigtm. VoL in, 8to.

'shoemaker, Michael. The Michigan Thirteenth. Narrative of the Oc-
cupation, Fortification, Attack upon. Defense of, and Retreat ftom,
Stevenson, Alabama, in 1862, by the Thirteenth Regiment of Michigan
Volunteer Infantry, under Command of Hon. Michael Shoemaker,
Colonel of the Regiment and Commander of the Post.

QoUeeticnt of Pioneer and Hietorieal Society of the SUUe of UieMgan, Vo|. nr, pyo.

340 AMBRfCAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Shobmaksr, Micrabl. Reporfe off Committee of Hi»torUu of ^he Pioneer
and Hiiftorical Society of the State of Michigan at the Annual Meeting
of the Society, Jane 12th and 18th, 1888.
OMZoefioii* of the Society, .VoL zm, 8vo.

Shoemaker, Michael. Should Physical or Mental Inability of Support
make the Person a State Charge in an Institntion withont Beferenoe
to their Reaonrees f A paper read at the Annual Convention of the
State Board of Corrections and Charities, and Conference of County
Agents, held at Big Rapids, Michigan, December 2d and 3d, 1885. I^ui-
siug, Mich. : Thorp and Godfiey, State Printers and Binders.

FpocMdinga ofStaU Board of OorreetUnu emd OharUiet/or 188S» Svo.

5,000 copies.

Shoemaker, Michael. Address as President of the Pioneer and Historical
Society of the State of Michigan at Its Annual Meeting, Lannng, Feb-
ruary 4, 1880.
' OotteeHom of the St&te Society, 8vo.

Shoemaker, Michael. Address as President at a Meeting of the Pionew
^ and Historical Society of the State of Michigan, with the Jackson
County Pioneer Society, held at Jackson, Mich., June 18th, 1879.
ChUeetiont of the State Society, YoL m, 8vo.

Shoemaker, Michael. Address as Grand High Priest of the Grand Chap-
ter, Royal Arch Masons of the State of Michigan, at the Annual Convo-
cations in 1854-'55 and 18o7.
lyoeeedings of lMi-*67t9vo.

•

Shoemaker, Micha'el. Report of the Committee on the Right of Visita-
tioUr made to the Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, at its Convoca-
tion in Detroit, Mich., Jan'y, 1858. Detroit, Mich. : Fleming db Davis,

Printers, IkiSa

FrocMdingi nf Qrand Boyal Arch OkapUr, 1868, 8vo.
800 copies.

Shoemaker, Michael. Report of the Select Committee on the Origin of
the Powers of the General Grand Chapter of the Royal Arch Maeonsof
the United States, and the Extent of those Powers over State Grand
Chapters. Detroit, Mich. : Fleming db Davis, Printen, 1858.
Proeudinga of Orand Chapter, 1858, 8to.
] ,600 copies.

Shoemaker, Michael. Address as Grand Master of the Grand Lodge F.
& A. Masons, at the Annual Communication, Detroit^ Michigan, Jan-
uary, 1887. Grand Rapids, Mich. : Printers, Eaton Allen & Lyon
Printing Company. Binders, J. Chilver & Co.

Proceedingt for 1887, 8to.

1,000 copies.

Shoemaker, Michael. Address delivered at the Dedication of Doric
Lodge No. 342, F. dt A. M., at Grand Rapids, Mich., Decemher 23, 1886.
Grand Rapids, Mich. : Printers, Eaton Allen Sl Lyon Printing Co.,
1887.

Proe€Sding§ for 1887, 8to.

EditioB, 1,600 copies.

Smith, Charles Card. Notice of Peleg CoiRn.

Prouodinffit of the Manaehvsem HUtorieal Soeiety, Vol. i, pp, 110^11}.

BIBLIOGBAPHY — FOUD, 341

SsiiTfl, CHAfiLBa Cabo. Notice of Rev. William Bentley, D. D.
Ftoe9tding$ nS th* Masiaehutettt HutoriaA Society, Y6L i, pp. 32^-838.

Smith, C^abues Card. Noti^ of William Smith Shaw.

Proeetdingt ttf tft« MauaehuutU ffiitorieai SoeUty, YoL.!, pp. Ml, 308.

Smith, Coarucs Caro. Notice of Aarua Dexter, M. D.

ProuedingB of the MataachtueUi Hittorieal Society, YoL. l, pp^ 411-428.

Smith, Charlbs.Card. Memoii of William Tador, Jr.

ProeeedUtgi cS tht Mateaeln0ett9 Bietorieal Society, Y6L i, pp. 420-438.

Smith, Chaklbs Card. Memoir of Rev. F. W. P. Greenwood, D. D.
Froeeedingi of the Mauaehueeite HUitorieal Society, YoL U, pp. 372-276.

Smith, Charles Card. Memoir of Hnnry Ware, jr., D. D.

I^oefiedingt ^f the MaeeachuteUe HiMtorieeU Society, Yoln, pp. 218^2BL

Smith, Charles Carp. Memoir of Rev. John S. Barry.

Froeeedingi ef the Maaachueettt Hittorieal Society, YoL ziu, pp. 186-140.

Smith, Charles Card. Memoir of N. B. Shnrtleff, M. D,

Froeeedinge of CA« MMtaaehueette Hiettrieal Society, YoL zai, pp. 828-896.

Smith, Charles Card. The Manafaoture of Oanpowder in Americfk

Proceedinge of the Uaesachueette Bietorieal Society, YoL xrr. ppw 248-266.

Smith, Charles Card. Soarcity of Salt in the Revolutionary War.

Froeeedingt of the ^OMtuih'MMe Hietorical Sode^, YoL zv, pp. 221-287.

Smith, Charles CariS. Memoir of William G. Brooka.

Froeeedings of tfte Mukemehauem Bietorieal Society, YoL zvu, pp. 9^100.

Smith, Ch^lrles Card. Short Aceouot of the Masaaohnsette Historical
Soeiety.

Froceedinga of the Mauachtuette Hietorical Soeiety, YoL Ziz, pp. 380-802.
Smith, Charles (Jard. Rev. Dt, John Pieroe's Journey to Prpvidenee
and New Haven in 1795. |

Froeeedingtof IheMaeeaehuaette Eiitoriedl Soeiety, iMBeondMriM, YoL m, pp. 40-52.

Smith, Charles Card. ' Report of Col. Robert Qnary on Illegal Trade in
the New England Colonies, 1708.

Froeeedinge of the Maeeaehueette Bietorieal Soeiety, YoL iv, pp. 147-155.

A number of the above articles by Mr. Smith have been aepamtely printed.

Smith, Charles Card. Evelyn's Life of Birs. Oodolphin.

Ohrietian E^eaminer, YoL zun, pp. 344-365.

Smith, Charles Card. The English Revolution.

Ohrietian Examiner, YoL xuv, pp. 205-222.

Smith, Charles Card. Miss Martineau's History of England.
Ohrietian Examiner, Yol. XLvn, pp. 387-302.

Smith, Charles Card. Miss Martineau's Reign of William lY.

Ohrietian Examiner, YoL xlix, pp. 51-70.
Smith, Charles Card. Sonthey's Life and Correspondence.

Ohrietian Examiner, YoL l, pp. 22S-254.

Smith, Charles Card. Macanlay's Speeches.

Ohrietian Examiner, YoL uv, pp. 285-307.

Smith, Charlks Card. The Crusades.

Ohrutian Examiner, YoL lv, pp. 87-120.

Smith, TlHARLES Card. Cnrtis's History of the Constitution.
Ohrietian Examiner, YoL LVlil, pp. 75-108.

Smith, Charles Card. Life and Correspondence of Sidney Smith.
I Ohrietian Examiner, Yol. Lix, pp. 388-427.

342

AHEBICAN HI8T0BICAL ASSOCIATION.

JSmitu, Charlss Cabd. Maoanlay's History of England.
OkriaHan Mttmrnmur, VoL LZ, pp. 37^-897.

Smith, Chaelbs Card. Private Coirespondenoe of Daniel Webster.
Ohritttan Exawfntr, ToL lxu. pp. 379-3M.

Smith, Cha&lbs Card. Curtie'ii History of the Constitntion.
Okrittkm Szaminar, YoL LZV, pp. S7-87.

Smith, Oharijbs Card. Robert Barton. ^ •

OhriiUan JBtaminar, YoL LZvm, pp. 211-fel.

Smith, Ciiarlrs Card. Western Monastioism.

0hri9tian BTuminer, YoL LZXl^pp. 40S-42L
Smith, Cuaklks Card. Alexia de Tocqueville.

Chri§tian Examine, YoL LXXIII, pp. 881-4S2.

Smith, Cbarlbs Card. Tioknor's Life of Prescott.

Ckri§Han Bxaminer^ YoL LXXVi, pp. W-UB. *

Smith, Charles Card. Mi^^et as an Historian.

OkriMaM Bxaminar, Yol. Lxxxiii, pp. 3S-48.

Smith, Charles Card. The Mather Papers.

OhrUtUtn Bxaminar, Yd. lxxxy. pp. I00-179L

Smith, Charles Card. The Early History of Massachnsetts.

OhritHan Examiner, YoL lxxxvii, pp. 121-137.
Alao many thort srtlflag aionK the CritiiMl KotiOM.

Smith, Charles Card. Memoirs of J. Q. Adams.

Vnitmrian EttUw, YoL II, pp. 158-16&

Smith, Charles Card. Bif^elow's Life of Franklin.

UvUarian Review, YoL ni. pp. 41-4S.

Smith, Charles Card. Memoirs of J.Q.Adams. «

Unitarian Review, Yol. in. pp. 457-474f YoL IT, pp. M7>3S8| Yol. ▼, pp. SHMIO; VoL n,
pp. MO-SaO; YoL VIH, pp. OOS-SSO.

Smith, Charles Card. The Belknap Papers.

Unitarian Eeeihe, YoL tii, pp. 004-428.

Smith, Charles Card. Leeky's History of England.

Unitarian Review, YoL IX. pp. 643-S6S.

Smith, Charles Card. Tyler's History of Amerioan Literature.

Unitarian Review, YoL xi. pp. 166-182.

Smith, Charles Card. Albert Gallatin.

Unitarian Review, YoL Xll, pp. 803-315.

Smith, Charles Card. Sir Robert Peel.

Nerih American Review, YoL LXXXV, pp. 442-400.

Smith, Charles Card. Edmund Borke.

North American Review, YoL Lxxxviii, pp. 61-118.

Smith, Charles Card. Sir Philip Sidney.

North American Review, YoL LXXXvni, pp. 812-340.

Smith, Charles Card. . Life of Lord Comwallis.

North American Review, YoL lxxxix, pp. 114-164.
Smith, Charles Card. George Canning.

North Ameriean Review, YoL XC, pp. 76-124.

Smith, Charijes Card. Isaac Disraeli.

North American Review, toL xc, pp. 526-688.

Smith, Charles Card. l»rd Shaft^esbury.

North American Review, Yol. xci, pp. 385-420.

BIBLIOGBAPHY — ^FOKD. 343

Smith, Chabijbs Card. Hallam as an Hittoiian.

North American JUvino, YoL xcii, pp. 108-177.

SmTR, Charles Card. Life of Mi^or Andr^

North Ameriean Review , V<oL xciii, pp.^}-80.
Smith, Charles Carp. Lord Maoanlay as an Historian.

North American Seview, VoL zciil, pp. il8-4te.

Smith, Charles Card. Sir Thomas Browne.

North American Xeview^ Vol. xciv, pp. 370-387.

Smith, Charles Card. Professor Wilson.

North American Sevievi, YoL xcvi, pp. 230-238.

Smith, Charles Card. Merivale's History of the Romans.
North American Review, Yol. xcvi, pp. 50^-558.

Smith, Charles Card. May's Constitutional History of England.

North American Review, Yol. XCYII, pp. 216-247.

Smith, Charles Card. The Early Life of Governor Winthrop.
North American Review, Yol. XCVin, pp. 128-152.

Sbiith, Charles Card. Governor Winthrop in New England.

North American Review, Yol. CIY, pp. 175-205.

Alio many short articles in the Review of Contemporaiy Literature.

Smith, Charles Card. ""The Discovery of the Great West.
Old and New, BoetOB, 1870, Yol. i, pp. 25fr-263.

Smith, Charles Card. ShnrtlefTs Description of Boston.

(Hd and New, Boston, 1871, YoL m, pp. 003-808.
Smith, Charles Card. Handwriting of Junius.

Old and il^Mo, Boston, 1872, Yol. V, pp. 261-287.

Smith, Charles Card. Frothlngham's Rise of Bepublio. '\

Old and New, Boston, 1872, Yol. vi, pp. 345-352.

Smitb, Charles Card. American Journalism.
Old emd New, Boston, 1873, YoL vn, pp. 485-401.

Smith, Charles Card. Palfrey's History of New England.
Old and New, Boston, 1873, YoL vn, pp. 752-763.

Smith, Charles Card. Sibley's Harvard Graduates.

Old and Aew, Boston, 1873, YoL vui, pp. 501-505.

Smttb, Charles Card. Publications of Prince Society.
Old and New, Boston, 1873, YoL vni, pp. 753-755.

Smith, Charles Card. Mary Somerville.

Old and New, Boston, 1874, Yol. u, pp. 334-340.

Smith, Charles Card. Life of John Warren, M. D.

Old and New, Boston, 1874, Yol. ix, pp. 38^-386.

Smith, Charles Card. Parton's Life of Jefferson.

Old and New, Boston, 1874, Yol. IX, pp. 740-792.

Smith, Charles Card. Motley's John of Bameveld.
Old and New, Boston, 1874, Yol. x, pp. 128-13L

Smith, Charles Card. Parlcman's Old B6gime in Canada.
Old and New, Boston, 1874, Yol. x, pp. 625-830.

Smith, Charles Card. Correspondence of Dr. Channing and Miss AikeUt

Old and New, Boston, 1874, YoL x, pp. 6324134.
Smith, Charles Card. Errors in the Dates of Bi-Centennial Celebra-
tions.

JWoeeedinge of the American AnHqwurian Society, October, 1876^ pp. 7, 8.

844 AMEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Smith, Cbables Card. Bey. Samael Peter's General History of Goaaeo-

ticnt*

Proeeedtn^ff of th£ Ameriemn AnHquaritm Society, Ootober, 1877, pp. 84-8&

Smith, Charles Card. The Orderly Book of Colonel William Henshaw,
of the American Army, April 20 to Sept. 26, 1775. With a Memoir by
Emory Washburn, and notes by Chai^les C. Smith. Boston: Press of
John Wilson & Son. 1877.

Reprinted from Proeeedinjft qfthe Mtusaehmsettt Historical Society , Ootober, 1876,
8yo, pp. 86^ portrait.

Smith, Charles Card. Some Extracts from the Orderly Book of Colonel
Israel Hutchinson, of the American Army, March 20- July 8, 1776. With
an Introdnotion by Lucius B, Paige, and Notes by Charles C. Smith.
Boston : Press of John Wilson & Son, 1878.

Reprinted from Frouedingeof the Maeeaehtuette Hittorical Society ^ Ootober, 1878,
8to, pp. 32.

Smith, Charles Card. An Account of a Part of the Sufferings aLd Losses
of Jolly Allen, a Befugee, March, 1776. With a Preface and Notes by
Charles C. Smith. Boston : Press of John Wilson & Son, 1878.

Reprinted from Proeeedingeqfthe Maesiiekueette Eietorieal Society, Febnuay, 1878.
8to, pp. 86.

Smith, Charles Card. Boston and the Colony.

Memorial Mietory of Ifotton, edited by Ja«tfn Wlnsor, Boeton, 188a-'81, VoL i.
Chapter v, pp. 217-240.

Smith, (Charles Card. Boston and the Neighboring Jurisdictions.

Memorial Hietory of BoeUm, edited by Joatin Win«or, Boston, 1880-'81, VaL i,
Ch*pter vn, pp. 276-802.

Smith, Charles Card. The French Protestants in Boston.— The Life of
Peter Faneuil.—The Qift of Fanenil Hall to the Town.

Memorial Hietory qfJBoeton, edited by Jutin Winsor, Boston, 1880-*81,yoL n,
Cbftpter vn, pp. 249-268.

Smith, Charles Card. Memoir of Delano A. Goddard. By Charles C.
Smith. Cambridge : John Wilson & Son, 1682.

Reprinted from Proeeedinge of the Maeeaehueette Hittorical Society, Ootober, 1882,
8vo, pp. 17, portrsit.

Smith, Charles Card. Memoir of Bey. Chandler Bobbins, D. D. By
Charles C. Smith. Cambridge : John Wilson & Son, 1884.

Reprinted frmn Proceedings of the Massadiutettt Historical Society, December,
1888, 8vo, pp. 19, portrait.

Smith, Charles Card. Explorations to the Northwest.

Narrative and Oritieal History of America, edited by Jastin Winsor, Boatoa,18B*-
'89, VoL m, Chapter in, pp. 85-100.

Smith, Charles Card. Acadia.

Narrative and CfriUcal Hietory of America, edited by Justin Wlnsor, Boston, 188^
'89, YoL IT, Chapter iv, pp. 186-168.

Smith, Charles Card. The Wars on the Seaboard : Acadia and Cape
Breton.

Narrative and Critical History of America, edited by Jastin Wlnsor, Bo8ton,1884-
•89, VoL V, Chapter vn, pp. 407^19.

Smith, Charles Card. Arctic Explorations in the Eighteenth and Nine
teenth Centuries.

Narrative and Critical History qf America, edited by Justin Winsor. Boston, 1884-
'89, Vol Yllj, Chapter n, pp. 81-104.

BIBLIOGBAPHY — FOBS). 345

Smith, Cuablbs Card. Memoir of Oeorge Dexter. By Ctarlaa C. Smith.
Cambridge : John Wil«OD A Son. 18S5.
Sto, pp. 12, portrait

Beprlntsd from Pr^eudbugg qA C^ MauaehuMtU HiitfiHcal Society, Kovember,
1884.

Smith, Charlbs CARDi Memoir of the Hon. John J. Babeon. By Charles
C. Smith. Cambridge : John Wileon A Sons, 1886.
Svo, pp. 9.

Beprl&Md fkom ProetsdingM tff tke Mtu§iuhu§eUt BUIorieal JSoeittif, NoTunber,
i88& /

Smith, Edward Patson. MiddleAeld Centennial Memorial. Historical
Diaoonrse given at Middlefield, Mass., on the One Hundredth Anniver-
sary of the Incorporation of the Town of Middlefield, Maes. Boston,
18B3.

500 oopiM.

PBbiish«d by ths town of Middteiiald.

Smith, Edward Patson. Review of '' Omitted Chapters of History dis- '
closed in the Lite and Papers of Edmund Randolph. By Moncnre D.
Conway."

PoHHeal Science Quarterly, Jane, 188B.

Smith, Edward Patson. The Movement Towards a Second Constitu-
tional Convention in 1788. By Edward Payson Smith, Ph. D., Profes-
sor of History and Political Science in the Worcester Polytechnic In-
stittite, Worcester, Mass. Boston and New York : Houghton, Mifflin.
&. Co. Cambridge : The Riverside Press, 1889.

Reviewed in The Boeton Poet, Deoember, 1880 ; WcrceeUr DaUy Spy, December
17, 1880.

Smith, Wiujam Hbnrt. The St. Clair Papers. The Life and Public
Services of Arthur St. Clair, Soldier of the Revolutionary War, Presi-
dent of the Continental Congress, and Governor of the Northwestern
Territory; with his correspondence and other papers. Cincinnati:
Robert Clark <& Co.. 1862$.

2 vole. 8vo. YoL i (1734-1787), pp. xil, 609, portrait and map; VoL n (1787-1808),
pp. 649, portrait.

Pnblitbed at the reqaeet and by the authority of the State of Ohio; 8.000 oopiee.
The aath<v bad aoceeii to the manafloripta of General Harxnar, Governors Tiflln
ahd WorthlDgtoo, and General W. H. Harrison, as well as the archives of the State
Department.

Beviewed in The Saturday Retiew (London), November 25, 1882; The Ncrthem
Eneiyn (Wick, Scotland), December 28, 1882; The New York Trihune, February 28,
Jnne 16, 1882; The New York Herald, ICarch 27, 1882 ; The Xation, Hay 4 ; The Chi-
cago Titnee, February 21, 1882; The Chicago Tribune, February 21, 1882 ; The Chicago
Inter-Ocean, February 21. 1882; The Pioneer Pteti, St Paol, February 19. 1882; The
Oincinnati Oazette, February 7, April 13, 1882 ; The Cincinnati Commereiai, February
8,1882; dncinnaH VolktbkUt, February 15, 1882; TheHeraidand Preebyter; The
Advance, March 2, 1962, The WeeUm Chrietian Advocate, March; The Dial, Feb-
ruary, March, April, 1882; The Magatine o/ American Hittory, February, August,
October, 1882; The Boeion Advertiaer, March 31, 1882; The Springfield BepubUean,
March 26, 1882; The New England Bibliopoliei, Vol. ii, No. 2; TInited States Army
and Navy Journal, March 11, 1882 ; TJie Philadelphia Telegraph, February 25, 1882;
The American, April 15; The Albany Argue, February 26; The Albany Timee, Feb-
ruary 26, 1882 : The LcuieviUe Courier JoumtU, April 20, 1882; and in twenty other
publications.

346 AMEBICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCUTION.

»
Smith, Wiluam Hbnbt. Charles Hammond, and his Belatijns to Heniy
Clay and John Quinoy Adams; or, Constitutional Limitations and the
Contest for Freedom of Speech and the Press. An address delnrered
before the Chicago Historical Societyi May 20, 1884. Published for the
Chicago Historical Society, 1885.
16ino, pp. vlll, 72.

Containa a skntch of the life of Hammond, and of his career as a lawyer and a
JQnrnalist.

Sbhth, William Hbnry. A Sketch of Goyemor Jeremiah Morrow ; or, a
Familiar Talk about Monarchfsts and Jacobins. An address delivered
at the Centennial Celebration at Marietta, A.pril, 1888..

Pnblished in the Ohio Arehneologital and HUtorieal Quarterly, Jone, 1888; in
(Xneinnati Commercial Qazetttt April 7 ; and repnbliahed in pamphlety pp. 28.

Smith, Wiixiam Henry. Public Career of Goyemor John Brou^h.

- (Hncinnati GatetU, Anffrst 30, 1865.

Smith, Wiluam Henry. History of the Great Seal of the State of Ohio.
* 'Annual Beport of tlie Secretary of State for 1865."

Smith, William Henk y. Biographical Sketches and Portraits of the Terri-
torial and State Governors of the State of Ohio.
"Ajinaai Report of the Secretary of State, 1867."

Smith, Wiluam Henry. Civil Service Reform under JeiSerson and Jack-
son.

The OineiniMti ComffMreiol, January 3, 1872.

Smith, William Henry. Our Geuerals-in-Chief.

The Chicago Triinine, January 19, 1873.

SmTHy William Henry. What we owe to France.

The Chicago Inter-Ocean, July 20, 1872.

Smith, William Henry. Counting the Votes. Views held by statesmen
at the time of, and subsequent to, the adoption of the Constitution.
The Chicago TriJbune, January 11, 1877.

Smith, Wiluam Henry. Stanton in the War.

The Cincinnati OazeUe, Fart I. December 18, Part u, December 19, 1879;. 2^
Chicago Tribune, December 23 and 24.

Smith, William Henry. Thomas Jeiferson.

The Encyclopedia Britannica.

Smith, William Henry. The Mistakes of John Bigelow Considered.

The Chicago Tribune, January 7, 1882.

Smith, William Henry. The Biographers of Garfield.

TheIXal,Yo\.L

Smith, William Henry. Jefferson Davis as Historian.

The Dial, Vol. ii.

Smith, William Henry. A Madman in Politics.

The Dial, VoL lit.

Smith, William Henry. Buchanan's Defense.

The Dial, Vol. iv.
Smith, WiLLiA'ia Henry. A Half Century in the Public Service. A re-
view of the career of James Monroe.
The Dial, VoL iv.
Smith, William Hknry. A Saul among Statesmen. The Public Career
of Daniel Webster.
The Dial, VoL iv.

BIBLIOGRAPHY FORD. , 347

Smith, William Hbnry. Mr. Seward and the War for the tlDion.
The IHai, Vol ly.

Smith, Wiluam Hknry. An American Patriot. The Pablio Career df

Job a Adams.

ThtDial^Yoly.

Smith, Wiluam Hknry. Mr. Qay's James Madison. ,
The Dial Vol. y.

Smith, William Hrnry. A Pioneer Historian-^John Filson.
The Dial. Vol. v.

Smith, William Henry. American Diplomacy.
The Putt, Vol. vn. i

Smith, William Hbnry. The Hero as Statesman. Life of Henry Clay.
The DieU^ Vol y III.

Smith, William Henrt. Hon. Eliha B. Washbnm.
The Dial, Vol. viu.

Smith. William Henry. Unpublished Washington Letters. Mr. Sparks's

Editorial Changes Considered.

Magazine of Apieriean History, TehraMry, 1889, pp. lli-143.

Smyth, Albert Henry. American Literature. By Albert H. Smyth, A.
B., Johutt Hopkins University, Professor of Literature in the Phila-
* dalpUia Central High School. Eldredge &. Bro., 1868.

8to, pp. 304.
Edition. 3.000.

ContsioB bisUnical notes npon the oTolntion of American history and of Amer*
lean political ideas.

Snow, Marshall S. The Russian Church.

The Weetem, Vol. iv, No. 1, pp. 578-507. 8yo.

Snow, Marshall S. The Architect of the Russian State.
The Weeterfh Vol.* iv, No. 2.

Snow, Marshall S. Glimpses of Voltaire.

7%« fTMtem, Vol. VI, No. 2, pp. 101-110. 8to.

Snow, Marshall S. The Tomb of Charlemagne.

The TTMtem, Vol. VI, No. 4, pp. 286-200, 8vo.

Snow, Marshall S. Three French Writers of the XVIth Century.
Southern Quarterly Review, A pril, 1879, pp. 202-281 , Svo.

Snow, Marshall S. Missouri.

Bneyelopcedia Britanniea, Vol. xvi, 1885.

Snow, Marshall S. Lafayette, the Friend of Washington. Anniversary
Address, February *^{, 1884.

8vo, pp. 25.

Privately printed ; edition, 200 copies.

Snow, Marshall S. The City Government of St. Louis. Johns Hopkins
University, Publisher.

Johns Hopkins VnitereUy Studies Vol. v, pp. 40, 8vo.

. Snow, Marshall S. Some Thoughts on Municipal (Government. Read
before the Round Table Club, St. Louis, October, 1887.
8vo, pp. 11.
Privately printed ; edition, 200 copies.

SpjUNQ, LKV/.RBT1' WiLSON. John Brown at Dutch Henry's Crossing.

LippineotVs Magazine, new serieti, Vol. v, No. 25, Juuuai-y, 1883, pp. 59-06, 8vo.

348

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION

Spring, Lsvsbktt Wilbon. Catchiog Old' John Browu.

The Overland Monthln^, second series, YoL i, No. 6, June, 1883, pp. M4-^968.

Spring, Lkverbtt Wilson. American Commonwealths. Kansas. The
Prelude to the War for the Union. By LeTerett W. Spring, Profesnor
of English Literature in the University of Kansas. Boston : Honghton,
Mifflin and Company, 1885.

lOmo, pp. 334.

Spring, Lrvkrett Wilson. Monographs of the Industrial Edncation As-
sociation. Mark Hopkins, Teacher. By Leverett Wilson Spring, D. D.,
Morris Professor of Rhetoric in Williams College, formerly Professor of
• English Literature in Kansas State University. Edited by Nicholas
Murray Butler, Ph. D., President of the Industrial Education Associa-
tion. New York T Industrial Education Association, July, 1888.

8vo, pp. 32.

/ Spring, Lbverrtt Wilson. Kansas and the Abolition of Slavery.

Magazine of WesUm Bistory, VoL vl, No. 1, November, 1888, pp. 78-85, iilus-
tnited, 8vo.

Stkwart, George, Jr. The Story of the Great Fire in St. John, N. B. By
George Stewart, jr. Toronto, Ont. : Belford Bros., 1877.

Svo, pp. 202, map, 31 pljstos.

10,000 copies; stereotyped.

Reviewed in lUuetraHve Canadian Newa^ Montrnal; Aa^st 18, 1877: Beiford'e
Magazine, Toronlo, September, 1877 ; Advertuer, Boston, Aafnist 20, 1877; Jfatf, To-
ronto, Aagast 17,1877; &d2«te«, Montreal. September &, 1877; J^aKon,New York,
September 20, 1877.

Strwart, George, Jr. Canada under the Administration of the Earl of
Dufferin. By George Stewart, jr. Toronto, Ont. : Published by Rose-
Belford Publishing Co, 1878.

8vo, pp. 700, portrait.

6,000 copies ; electrotyped.

Reviewed in TTorld, New York. October 21, 1878 ; Journal of Commer^, Mon-
treal, Novembers, 1878; IVi&UYi« (Chicago); Globe (Toronto) November 25, 1878;
Nation^ New York, December 18, 1878: Harper'e Monthly, New York, January,
1879; JfaiZ, Toronto. January 2,1879; Library Table, Ne^ York, February 1, 1«79;
JkUaiUic Monthly, Boston, September, 1879.

Stewart, George, Jr. A Fatal New Year's Eve, being an Account of Brig.-
General Richard Montgomery's Sword. By George Stewart, Jr.
In Toronto Mail, December 22, 1883.
Reprinted in The Neto Age, Augusta, Me., January 25, 1884.

Stewart, George, Jr. Frontenac and his Times. By George Stewart, Jr.,
F. R. o. C

Pp. 44, 7 plates and autograpbs.

In Winsor's "Narrative and Critical History of Americik"

Stewart, George, Jr. Sources of Early Canadian History. By George
Stewart, jr.

Proceedingt and Traneaetiona Royal Society of Canada, YoL Hi, 1885.

Stewart. George, Jr. Life and Times of Longfellow. By George
Stewart, jr.

Scottiah Review, London and Paisley. Xo. 15, July, 1888, pp. 101-136.

Stewart, George, Jr. Emerson, tli« Thinker. By George Stewart, Jr.
Scottish Review, London and Paisley. Xo. 22, April, 1888. pp. 288-307.
Reprinted in LitteWa Living Age, Uoston.

BIBLIOGRAPHY FORD.

, 349

Stewart, GeorgSi Jr. Nova Scotia aud New BniDswick. By 'Goorgto
Stewart, jr. 4

Fncyelopeedia Britannicat ninth edition, Vol. xvii.

Stkwart, George, Jr. PriDce Edward Island. By George Stewart, jr.
EncyeUtpofdia Britanniea, ninth edition, Vol. xix. .

Stewart, Gborgp, jr. Quebec Province and Qnebec City. By George

Stewart, Jr.

Eneyelopafdia BritannieOt ninth edition. Vol. xx.

Stewart, George William. Prominent Canadians, No. 10. Sir Samnel
Leonard TiUey, K. C. M. G., C. B. By George SUwart, jr.

The Week, Toronto, Jannary 26. 1888.

AIm biographical aketches of Hon. Sir Samuel Leonani Tilley , Hen . SU* Adam s G
Arohiliald, Hoc. T. A. R. Laflanilne,Hon. K. £. Caron, Hon. E. B. Chandler, Hon. John
Campbell Allen (now Sir), Host Her. John Medley, D. D., Hon. C. S. B. De Boucher
▼ille, Hon. Henri Guatave Joly, Mgr. Francois Xavier L^yalHontmorency, Hon
1. 1. C. Abbott, and Hun. Sir TTilliam Young, and Hon. Timothy Warren Anglin in
The Canadian Portrait GaUery, Toronto, OnUrio, 1880-'81. " K. W. Emerson. *' "Al
cott. the Concord Myatio, " '* Thomaa Carlyle," " Morean the Hermit of Walden, '
*'H. W. Longfellow,*' in TfantaeUone of the Literary and Hietorieal Society of Quebec
1879-1883 ; and many Inogn^hiea in ** Appleton'a Cyclopedia of American Biogra

pity*;

Stiix£, Charles J. How a Free People Condnct .a Long War. 1^62.
More than 900,000 copies of this pamphlet were printed in rarious editions.

Still£; Charles J. Northern Interests and Southern Indep«nden9e.
1863.

STILL1&, Charles J. Phi Beta Kappa Address at Yale College, 1863.

Stxll£, Charles J. History of the '' Great Central Fair ^' in Aid of U. S.
Sanitary Commission. 1864.

Still^, Charles J. History of U. S. Sanitary Commission. 1866.

Still^, Charles J. Memoir of Horace Binney, jr. 18G7.

STiLLift, Charles J. Memoir of Rev. Dr. Smith, First Provost of the Col-
lege of Philadelphia. 1869.

Stilli^., Charles J. Studies in Mediaeval History. 1882.

Still^, Charles J. H48torical Articles in *' Herzog-SchaflTs Encyclopce-
dia." 1882.

Still£, Charles J. Gustavns Adolphas. Address before the Pennsylva-
nia-Historical Society. 1876.

Still^, Charles .7. Woman in Ancient Greece and Rome.
LippineoU'e Magazine, 1864.

Still]^, Charles J. Religious Tests in Provincial Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania Hxttorieal Magazine, 1885.

Still£, Charles J. Attimde of Quakers in the Provincial Wars.
Penneylvania Magazine, 1886.

Still^, Charles J. Beaumarchais and ** the Lost Millions.'^
PenntyUtania Magazine, 1886.

Stills, Charles J. Comte de Broglie as the Stadtholder of America.
Penneyhania Magazine., 1887.

StillA, Charles J. Life and Services of Joel. R. Poinsett.
Pmntylvania Magazine, 1888.

350 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

StillI^., CH^RLEd J. American Colonies as Fenal Settlements.

Still£, Charles J. Pennsylvania and the Declaration of Independence.
Pennin/loania MagaHne, 1889.

Stockbbipob, Hi^rt. The Commerce and Trade of Baltimore.
Eunt't Merchant's Magagim, Vol. zziu, 1850.

STOCKBRiDGis, Henrt. Articles ^* Baltimore/' '* Lord Baltimore,'' etc.

Johnflbn'B "Encyclopedia."

Stockbkidgr, Henry. The Archives of Maryland. As Hlnstrating the
Spirit of the Times of the Early Colonists. No. 22 of the Fnnd Pnbli.
cations of the Maryland Historical Society. Baltimore, lt$86. ,

8yo, pp. 8& .

500 copies.

£«lited the " Fand PablicAtions " of the MaryUnd Historical Society, Noa. 1 to 28.
indunire, 1867 to 1880, and BUpervlsed the pablication of the "Maryland ArchlTM,**
lb83 to 18b0, 7 volames, 4to.

Strtker, William Scudder. Official Register of the Officers and Men of
New Jersey in the Revolationary War. Compiled by William S. Stry-
ker, Adjutant'General. Printed by authority of the Legislature. Tren-
ton, New Jersey : William T. Nicholson & Co., Printers, 1871?.

8vo, p^..878.
Edition, l,0<k> copies.

Strtkbk, William Scudder. Record of Officers and Men of New Jersey

. in the Civil War, 1861-'65. Compiled iu the office of the AcUatant-

General. Pablished by authority of the Legislature. William S.

Stryk^r, Adjutant-General. Trenton, New Jersey: John L. Murphy,.

1876.

2 vols., 4to, pp. 1,984.
Edition, 1,500 copies.

Stryker, William Scudder. Colonel Philip Johnston. By A^utant-
Generaf William S. Stryker. Read before the New Jersey Historical
Society, January 18, J 877.

Pahlisbed In Proceedings of the New Jersey Hietorical Soeiety, ■econd seriM, VoL
IV, No. 1, pp. 187-180.

Strtkeu, William Scudder. Minutes of the Provincial Congress and
Council of Safety of the State of New Jersey, 1775-1776. Compiled by
William S. Stryker. Trenton, New Jersey : Naar, Day & Naar, Print- ^

ers, 1879. *

8vo, pp. 618.
Edition, 1,000 copies.

Strtker, William Scudder. Trenton One Hundred Years Ago. By Will-
iam S. Stryker, Adjntant-General. Trenton. New Jersey: Printed by
Macrellish Sl Qnigley, 1878.

8vo, pp. 14. Printed for private diatribiiiion.

Three editious, 300 copies each.

Stryker, Willia.%i Scudder. The Princeton Surprise, 1777. By Will-
iam S. Stryker, Adjntant-General. New York: A. S. Barnes & Co.,
1882.

Reprinted firom Magatine of American HUHory, Aagntt, 1982, Syo, pp. 7.
Edition, 300 copies.

, *

BIBLIOGB APHY— ^FORD. 351,

Stryxbb, William Scuddbr. WashiDgtop's Reception by the People of
New Jersey in 1789. By William S.'Stryker, Adjotant-Qeneral. Tren-
ton, New Jersey : Naar^ Day Si, Xaar, 1882.

8to, pp. 22, HlostTAted. Printed for private dlstribatlon.

Edition, 300 oopiee.

Strtkkr, William Scuddeb. New Jersey Continental Line in the Vir^
l^inia Campaign of 1781. By William S. Stryker. Trenton, New Jer-
sey : John L. Murphy, Steam Book and Job Printer, 1882.

^▼o,ppl46. Printed for private dietribntion. ^

Bdition, 300 copies.

Strtkbr, Wiluam ficuDDBR. Massaore near Old Tappan. By William
S. Stryker. Read before the New Jersey Historical Society at its meet-
ing in Trenton, January 23, 1879. Trenton, New Jersey : Naar, Day db
Naar, 1882.

8vo, pp. 12. Printed for private distrlbniion.

Edition, 300 copies.

Stryker, William Scuddbr. Capture of the Block House at Toms River,
New Jersey, March 24, 1782. Read at the Memorial Service at Toms
River, New Jersey, May 30, 1883. By William S. Stryker. Trenton,
New Jersey : Naar, Day & Naar, 1883.

8vo, pp. 82.

Edition, 300 copies. 0

Stryker, William Scddder. The Old Barracks at Trenton, New Jersey.
Read before the New Jersey Historical Society at its meeting in Tren-
ton, January 20, 1881. By William S. Stryker, Adjutant-General.
I'renton, New Jersey : Naar, Day db Naar, 1885.

8vo, pp. 14.

Edition, 300 copies, illustrated.

Stryker, William Scudder. The Reed Controversy. Further facts
with refei;pnce to the Character of Joseph Reed, Adjutant-General on
the Staff of General Washington. Trenton, New Jersey : Naar, Day &
Naar, 1885. Printed for private distribution.

8vo, pp. 12.

Two editions, 300 copies eaob.

Stryker, William Scudder. General Maxwell's Brigade of the New
Jersey Continental Line in the Expedition against the Indians in the
year 1779. By William S. Stryker, Adjutant-General. Read before
the New Jersey Historical Society at its meeting in Trenton, January
17, 1884. Trenton, New Jersey : The W. S. Sharp Printing Company,
1885.

8vo, pp. 06.

Edition, 300 copies.

Stryker, William Scudder. The New Jersey Volunteers (Loyalists) in
the Revolutionary War. By William S. Stryker, Adjutant-General.
Trenton, New Jersey : Naar, Day & Naar, 1887. Printed for private
distribution.

8vo,pp.67. ^

Edition, 800 copies.

Stryker, William Scudder. Genealogical Record of the Stryoker Fam-
ily. Compiled by William S. Stryker, Trenton, New Jersey. Camden,
New Jersey: Sinnickson Chew, Printer, 1887.
8vo, pp. ]12. Printed for private distribntiox).
Edition, 800 copies,

352 American' historical association.

Strtkbr, WiLUAM SouDDJBB. The SvaiDp Angel. By Williftm 8.
Stryker, Breret Lientenant-Coionel U. 8. Volnnteen aod Aide-de-
Camp to General Gilmore [in Vol. H^ pp.7S^74, "Battles and Leaders
of the Civil War"]. New York : The Centnry Company, 1888.

Stbtkbr, Wiluah Scuddjeb. Biographical Sketch of William Chnrchill
Honstoni member of Continental Congress ; member Federal Conven-
tion to form the Constitation of the United States. [Paper by William 8.
Stryker, Adjntant-General, in Vol. I of the '' History of the Celebration
of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the PromnlgiAtion of the Con-
stitntion of the United States,'' pp. 221-222.} J. B. Lippincott dt Co.,
Philadelphia.

Strtkbr, William Scuddbr. Nathaniel Sondder. By William S.
Stryker. Memorial for the Centennial Celebration of the Adoption of
the Resolutions respecting Independence.

Pabllshed in The Pinmyhania Magaaine fnf Ameticaifi Hittory and Biography,
Vol. ni, pp. 199^191.

Sutherland, Jambs. Aborigines, Early Explorations, and Settlement of
the Territory of Wisconsin.

Witcontin State HittoritcU Colhetuma, Vol x« pp. 275-204, Svo.

Taft, Royal Chapin. Some Notes dpon the Introdnction of the Wdolen
Manufaotare into the United States. Newport : S. 8. Rider, privately
printed, 1888.

8to, pp. (5) 68.

60Q copies prinlpd. ^

Taussig, Frank Wiluam. The Sonthwestem Strike of 1886.

The Quartsrly Journal of Economies^ YfA, i, No. 8» Jaauaiy, 1887.
Chiefly a narratiye of the strike.

Taussig, Frank William. The Tariff History of the Unit^ States. A
Series of Essays. New York : G. P. Pntnam's Sons, 1888.

8vo, pp. 260.

First edition, 2,000 copies.

Made ap of the following papers : " Proteetldn to Yonng ladnstries, as applied in
the United States," first pabllshed as an independent monograph in 1882; *'The
Tariff of 1828," printed in itittPoHHeai Science Quarterly, Maroh, 1888; "The Tariff,
1830-1860,*' printed in the Quarterly Journal of J^eoitoime*, April, 1888; and '*The
History of the Present Tariff (1860-1887)," first pabllshed as an independent mono-
graph in 1886.

Taussig, Frank William. Some Aspects of the Tariff Question.

The Quarterly Journal qf Heonomiee, Vol. ill, pp. 250-283, April, 1880. '

Discusses the history of hemp and flax production, the silk DuarafMliire, and
other industries.

Thalheimer, Mary Elsie. A Bfanaal of Ancient History. Cineinnati
and New York : Wilson, Hinkle db Co., 1872.

8vo, 1 vol., ppb 376, 6 doable-page maps, 6 full^page engraTings» also ooins, medals,
sketch-maps, etc.; eleotrotyped.

Bevlewed in I^« JVotion, The Independent, The Ohrietian Union, Boeton Daily
TrawUer, etc.

Tbalhkimer, Mary Elsie. A Mannal of Mediesyal and Modem
Cincinnati and New York : Wilson, Hinkle d^ Co., 1874»
870, 1 vol., pp. 480 ; maps. 12 ; electetvtyped.
Bedooed ttom !' Spruner's Historical Atlas."

BIBLJOGRAPHT — ^FORD. 353

Thalhkimer, Mart Elsib. A History of England for the use of Sohools.
Cincinnati and New York: Wilson, Hinkle db Co., 1875.

12mo, 1 Tol., pp. 287; elootrotyped; mapt, 6; cenealogioal tablM, 7; illastntod
with TignettM.
SieTenl times revlAed and extended.

Thalhbiher, Mary Elsie. The Eoleotic History of the United States.
Cincinnati and New York : Van Antwerp, Bragg &, Co., 1881.

12mo, I toL.Vp- 365, xt, Omape, 97 wood eniCTaTings, inoladlnf^ portraits; electro-
typed.

Thalheimbr, Mary Elsie. An Outline of General History for the use of
Schools. Cincinnati and New York : Van Antwerp, Bragg &, Co., 1883.
12mo, 1 yol., pp. 448^ 12 maps, illostrated with Tignettes, etc.; eleotrotyi>ed.

Thompsok, Robert Ellis, editor. The Latin Hymn Writers and their
Hymns. ' By the late Rev. Samnel W. Duffield. Edited andxompleted
by R. E. Thompson. New York: Funk & Wagualls, X889.

Thomas Aqninas. Chapter xxiii; Thomas 4 Kempis, Chapter xxvi; Hymn-
writ6X9 of the Roman and Paris Breviaries, Chapter xxviii; Latin Hymnology and
rrotestamism, Chapter xxix ; The Qnjcnown and the Less Known Hymn Writers,
Chapters xxz-xxxi ; Bibtiographioal Notes, Chapter xxxii ; Index to Translated
Hymns, Chapter xxxiii, are by the editor.

Thompson, Robert Ellis. Historical Articles in The Penn Monthly (which
he edited from itt} beginning in 1870 until March, 1881), as follows:
. Periodical Literature in Philadelphia, pp. 31-40, 1870; The Key to Fairyland, pp.
61-47, 1870; Ulster in America, pp. 201-200, 1870; The Norse Element in Later
English History, pp.24U250, 1870; Mythical and Mystical Philadelphia, pp. 813-320,
1870; The Wise Men of Edora (the Book of Job), pp. 42tMd5, 1870; Russia versns
Europe, pp. 1-16, 1871 ; Albert Barnes, pp. 76-84, 1871; The Race and the Individnal
in their Parallel Development, pp. 2.50-263, 1871 ; The German Mystics as Araeriean
Colonists— L The Behmcnists, pp. 340-40, 1871; The German Mystics as American
Colonists->II. The X^badists, pp. 443^A51, 1871 ; The German Mystics as American
Colonists— 111. The Schwenkfelders, pp. 487-497, 1871; A Chapter of Irish His-
tory (Saint Patrick), pp. 533-&16, 1871 ; The Origin of Free Masonry, pp. 617-626,
1871; The U-'tt llaud of Society (Woman), pp. 283-290, 1872; The Primitive "Para-
• dise Kegaioed " (The Rook of the RcTelation of Saint John), pp. 407-421,1872; The
Race or the Hybrid, pp. S64-670, 1872 ; The Childhood and Yonth of Lnther, pp. 86-80,
157-164. 239-249, 330-349. 493-498, 1873; The Commnniams of the Old World, pp. 12-
28, 100-122, 186.109, 277-300, 1874; Religion and the St«te, pp. 521-520, 1874; The Tea-
tonic Mark, 557-578. 1874 ; The Economic Wrongs of Ireland, pp. 71.V750, 1874 ; Com-
munism and Serfdom in Russia, pp. 701-808, 1874 ; National Ednoatlon, pp. 95-110,
17e-187. 251-266. 327-341, 1875; Dr. George Allen, pp. 661^583, 1876; Concerning
ZeaX (study of Wahabeeism and Maridism), pp. 711-727, 774-787. 862-872, 1876; The
Library of the University of Pennsylvania, pp. 60-70, 1877; Concerning Pre-exist-
ence (History of the Doctrine in Ancient Speculation), pp. 655-679, 1877; Is
Christianity on the Wane among usf pp. 46-65, 1878; The Use and Abuse of Ex-
aminations, pp. 370-400, 1878; Church and Theater, pp. 374-386. 1870 ; The Christian
Church and its Sociological Significance, pp. 603-713, 1870; Henry Charles Carey,
pp. 817-834, 1879 ; A Great Book and its Author (The Imitation and Thomas k
Kempis), pp. 110-130, 1881 ; Thomas Carlyle, pp. 1,90-220, 188L

THOKPR, Francis Newton. In Justice to the Nation.

Edueationt Monthly Magazine, July and Angnst, 1886.

Reprinted as "American History in American Schools, Colleges, and Universi-
ties," Chapter viii; in United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information
Ko. 3, 1887, pp. 230-266. Washington : Government Printing Office, 1887, 2 plates.

Edition, 20,000 copies.

Reprinted in The Library Magaeine, New Tork, December, 1867.

8. Mis. 170 23

354 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Thorpe, Fbaiycis Kkwton. A Few Words About the Books. (AmeiilMui
HiBtory.)

BdueaHon, Boston, Haj, ISM.

THORPKy Francis Nkwton. Teaching Amerioan History.

Bdueotion, BoRton, June, 1887.

Thorpe, Francis Newton. The Origin of the Constitution.
Magaxine o/ American Eittory, Neir York, Aiifnut, 1887.^

Thorpe, Francis Newton. What is the State T

Bduemtion, Bo«ioD, March, 1888.

Thorpe, Francis Newton. The Chautauqua Country in History, 1M>-

179e.

The Ohautauqikan, Meadville, Pa., Jnly, 168S.

Thorpe, Francis Newton. Civil Rights Guaranteed by the State Consti-

tntions.

JBdueaHon, Boston, May, June, 1880.

Thorpe, Francis Newton. The Chautauqua Country in History, 1798-
1812.

The Ohautauqwiint MeadTille, Pa., July, 1881^.

Thorpe, Francis Newton. Manual Training as a Factor in Modem Ed-
ucation.

The Century J^OuetraUd Monthly Magatine, Vol. zxxTm, No.. 6, Oetober, 1889,
pp. 020-027, illaslrated. 8ro.

Thorpe, Francis Newton. Civil GoTemment in the Sohools.

Bdueation, Boston, November, 1880.
Thorpe, Francis Newton. The Government of the People of the United
States. By Francis t^ewton Thorpe, Ph. D., Professor of History and
Political Science in the Philadelphia Manual Training School, and Lect-
urer in Civil Government in the University of Pennsylvania. Phila-
delphia : Eldredge <& Brother, No. 17 North Seventh street, 1889.

Thwaites, Reuben Gold. A History of Winnebago County, Wisconsin.
Oshkosh, Wis., 1876.
Folio.

Edition, 40 oopies.

Privatoly reprinted in brosdsldee firom The Oehkoeh DaUy Tivue. In 1976 there
were pabliehed in the oolamns of this Journal biojiraphiee of Oalikosh and Tomah,
noted Indian chiefs, hy the same author.

Thwaitrs, Reuben Gold. Historical Sketch of the Public Schools of Mad-
ison, Wisconsin, 183S-1885. Madison, Wis. : Publisher, Madison Board
of Education, 1886.

Svo, pp. 84.

Thwaites, Reuben Gold. The Black Hawk War.

The Magazine of Wettem Hittory, Vol. v, Not. 1 and 2, NoTomber and Deoeoiber,
1888, 8to.

First paper in No. 1, pp. 82-^ ; aecond paper in No. 2, pp. ISl^liMt, with map of the
seat of war.

Thwaites, Reuben Gold. Biofpraphical Sketch of Lyman C. Draper.

The Magagine ef Weeiem Hietory.yd. v. No. 3, January, 1887, pp. 83&-390, por-
trait, 8vo.
Also reprinted, large Svo, cloth. Madison, Wis., 1887.

THWAifBs, Reuben Gold. Biographical Sketch of David Atwood.

The Magazine ef Weeiem Hittory, Vol. v, No. 4, T^ebmary, 1887, Svo, ppw €49'-568^
portrait.
Also reprinted, large 6to, cloth. Madison, Wis., 1887.

BIBLIOaRAPIlY — FORD. 356

THWATtBS, RstTBKN GOLD. Tb6 Study of Local History in the Wisoonaiu
Schools.

Wi$eontin Jouniud </ BditeaHon, Vol. zmr, Ko. 9, Kovember, 1888) pp. ififr-iK^ Sro.
Thwaitrs, RE0BEN GoLD. The Bonndaries of Wisconsin, with a General
Historical Survey of the Diyision of the Northwest Territory into
States. Madison, Wis., 1888.
tro^ pp. 61, Uliutrated by 11 maps.
Edition, 500 <Sbpie«.
Reprinted fhnn YoL zi. "WiaoonainHistorloslCSoHeotions."

Th^aites, Rsdben Gold. The State Historical Society of Wisconsin.

The JTc^ofiiM q^ Western BUUry, VoL yii, K& C, Maroh, 1888. pp. 5iS-560, Sro.

An hittodoal akotcb of the aootety, from its inception, in October, 1846, to date,
with an aocoont of it« Ubrary, ntanueeript eoJlections, pnblioatione, mnaenm, end
portrait gallery.

Thwaitrs, Reuben Gold, editor. Wisconsin Historical Collections. Vol.

XL Madison, Wis. : Pnblisher, The State of Wisconsin, 1888.

Svo» pp. xiil, 648, portraits and maps.

Edition, 2,500 copies

Betides editorial notes and oomments thronghoat the volume, the editor's bnhio-
graphle oootribatlons arS: "TheBoundarlesof Wisconsin," "American Fur Com-
pany's Invoices," "NarratiTe of Andrew J. Yieao," "Narrative of Morgan L. liar-
tin."

Th WATTES, Reuben Gold. Historic Waterways. Six Hundred Miles of
Canoeing dowD the Rock, Fox, and Wisconsin RiTcrs. Chicago : A. C.
McClorg & Co., 18rt«,
}3mo, pp. 2M» 2 maps.

Reviewed in The Nation, May 10,1888; LUemry World, Mmy 12; The 2Hal for

May; Foreetand Strtam, April 19; Magaeine of ArMrican HieMty for May; Ed-

^win D. Mea<k,4Q Ohri^ian Register, May 3; Philadelphia Ameriean, May 6 ; Jfo^a.

tine of Wettem Hietoty for May; Oiw^nnati OviiMiMreial GFuMtCe, Jnne9; Book

Buyer for June ; Kew Orleane i^'eayun«, September •.

Tillinghast, William Hopkiks. Notes on the Historical Hydrography of
the Handkerchief Shoal in the Bahamas. -Cambridge, Mass. : Uniyer^
sity Press, John Wilson and Sou, 1881.
Svo, pp. 8.

Bibliograpblcal Contributions of the Library of Harvard College, No. 14. Origi-
nally printed in the Harvard Uuiveraiiy BuUetin, October. 1881, ii, 258-283.

indicates tliat the occasional presence of inlands in the.Han4kerchlef Shoal on
maps of the lOth, 17th, and 18th centnrles, does not establish the probability of
their aotaul presence in 1492. The qnestfon bears on the landfall of Colnmbus.

TiLLiNOHAST, WiLLiAM H0PKIN8. The Geographical Knowledge of the
Ancients considered in relation to the Discovery of America.

" The Narrative and Critical History of America," edited by Justin Wlnsor,
YoL I, Chapter i ; " Nairative," pp. 1-33; *' Critical Essay on the Souroes of Infor-
mation," pp. 33-38; '^Xotea," pp. 38-62.

The notes deal with diatinct topics, as follows: * The Form of the Earth;"
" Homes's Geography ; snppoaed references to America ;" ''Atlantic," (pp. 41-48);
' " Fabttlons Islands of the Atlantic in the Middle Ages ;" " St. Brandan ;" ** An-
tillia, or Isle of Seven Cities ;" "Brasil ;" *' ToseaneUi's Atlantic Ocean."

TiLUNOHASTy WiLUAM H0PKIM8. -Epitome of Ancient, Mediaeval, and
Hodem History, by Carl Ploetz, translated, with extensive additions, by
William H. TiUinghast. Boston and New York: Honghton, Mifflin 6c
Co.

Sm. 8vo, pp. xi, 618; 3,250 copies in all.

356 AMERICAN HIbTOKICAL ASSOCIATION.

Pnblistaed in 1884; tho fl fib edition appeared in 1880. The second edit4oB
revised and » nnmber of changes were ibade in it; the third and fonrth each
had some oorrectione; the flfth is a reprint of the fonrth. The additions to the
orif^inal amounted to about 350 pages, exclusive of t^e index of 54 pag^

" I have compiled lists of the publications of Harrard College and its officers for
the years 188&-1888, hare edited one issue of their quinquennial catal4^Kue, and
have published a quarterly and annual necrology of graduates for some yean.'*

Titus, Anson. History of Gbarlton. Fourth of July Oration, lfe76. By
Rev. John Haven. [Xntrodaction by Rev. Anson Titos.]

8vo, pp. 17.

300 copies printed.

rrrcs, Anson. Cbarltou [Mass. j Historical Sketches. 1878.

8vo, pp. 28. ^

Including history of cemeteries, H^sonio lodge and chapter, together with
Whitney's brief history of the town [1793] , with notes ( 100 copies.

Titus, Anson. The Titos Family in America. Earlier Generations.
Reprint from Xeto York OenealogieaX and Biographical Record^ April, 1881.
Preparing extended genealogy.

Titus, Anson. The Sabiu Family of America. Four Generations.

Reprint from New England Hxttorical and GtneahgiealM^ifitt^r, Boston, Janoary,
1882.
Preparing extended genealogy.

Trrus, Anson, editor. Ancient and Honorable Artillery Sermon, Boston,
1722. By Thomas Foxoroft, A. M., Pastor First Chnrch, Boston. 1717-
1769. Containing Memoir, Bibliography and History of the Times.
Boston: Published for Boston Ancient and Honorable Artill^y Com-
pany, 18B3.
Trrus, Ansqn. Memoir of Edwin Hubbell Chapin, D. D., LL. D.

Reprint from Ktw Sngland Hittorica^ atid Qenealogieal Megitter, Boston, April,
1884, pp. 13.

Titus, Anson. The Wiswall Family of America. Four Gent^rations.

Reprint fh)m New England ni9torieal and Genealogical Segigter, Boston, Janu*
ary, 1880, pp. 4.

Titus, Anson. John Greenleaf Whittier at Four Score. Together with
Account of Observance of his Birthday by the Public Schools of Ames-
bnry, Mass., 1887.
pp.12; 200 copies.

Titus, Anson. American Christianity. A review of "Church and State
in the United States, by Philip Shaff, D. D., LL. D."
Papere of Ainerican Eietorieal Aueoeiation^ VoL li, No. 4.
The Chrittian Union, New Yoric, April 26, 1888.

Titus, Anson. Marriages of Rev. Thomas Fozcroft, A. M., Boston, Pastor
First Church, 1717-1769.

Reprint from New England Historical and Genealogical Hegieter, Boston, July,
1888, pp. 7.

Titus, Anson. History of Phelps, Ontario Co., New York. Centennial
Oration, June 19, 1889.

Pablisbed in the Phelpt Citizen, June 20 and 27, 1889.
Preparing a f&ller history of the town.

Titus, Anson. Contributions to New England Magatine :
Weddings in ye Days Lang Syne. April, 1885, pp.8.
Social Life io Early New England, January, 1886, pp. 5.
Business Life in Early New England, September, 1888, pp. 4.

BIBLTOGBAPHY — FORD. 357

Titus, Anson. Reminiscences of Early American Uniyenalism. Univer'
snlist Quarterly -: » '

Tbo DarUoniMit of Connecticut, April, 1878^ p. 239+

Karly XTnlTenalism in Central Mac«aohasetta, October, 1881, p.4Sl-|>

£arly Univertalism in Maine. October, 1885. p. 430+

UniTersaliam in Oakland, Maine, (West Watenrille.]

Ootpel Banner, Angnara, January and Febmar}*, 1876. *

tTniTeraalisminWeymoutb, Mam.

Chrutian Leader, Boston, September, and October, 18801

TOPPAN, Robert Noxon. The Historical Succession of Monetary Metallic
Standards. A letter to the Committee of tbe Chamber of Commerce
of the State of New York on International Coinage. Printed for the
use of the Chamber. Press of the Chamber of Commerce, 1877.

8to, pp. 18.

ToppAX; ROBRRT NoxoN. International Coinage. A Unit of Eight
Grammes. Publisher: American Association for the Promotion of So-
cial Science, 1879.
8to, pp. 0.

TOPPAN, RoBBRT NoxoN. Some Monetary Questions Viewed by the Light
of Antiquity. Publisher: Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of
Philadelphia, 1860.
8yo, pp. 9, plate. '
Second edition, 1881.

ToPPAN. RoBRRT NoxoN. Historical Summary of Metallic Money. Bos-
ton: Little, Brown & Co. Cambridge: University Press, 1884.
8vo, pp.84. *
500 copies.

ToppAN, Robert Noxon. Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniyersary of the
Settlement of Newbury. Brief Biographical Sketches. Publisher:
Historical Society of Old Newbury, Mass., 1885.

8vo, pp. 134.
500 copies.

ToPPAN, Robert Noxon. Monetary Unification.

Proceeding* of the Ameriean Antiquarian Society, 1888, Vol. v, new Mrles, part 2,
pp. 283-294.

Townsbno, Edward Davis. Anecdotes of the Civil War in the United
States. New York : D. Appleton and Company, 1884.
8to, pp. 287, ill nstrated.

Trent, William Pbterfield. The Influence of the University of Vir-
ginia upon Southern Life and Thought: An Inquiry into its Causes
and Extent. Writings of the Faculty of the University, 1825-1887.
Being Chapters xi and xv in '* Thomas Jefferson and the Uni verslty of Virginia.
By Herbert B. Adi#i8, Ph. D.," etc, 1888, 8vo, pp. 150-175 and 218-225.

Trent, William Peterfield. Johns Hopkins University Studies in His-
torical and Political Science. Herbert B. Adams, editor. Seventh series,
V-VI. English Culture in Virginia. A Stody of the Gilmer Letters
and an Account of the English Professors obtained by Jefferson for the
University of Virginia. By William P. Trent, M. A., Professor of His-
tory in the University of the South. Baltimore : W. Murray, Publica-
tion Agent, Johns Hopkins University, May and June, 1869.

8to, pp. 141.

Contains hitherto unpublished letters of Jefferson, George Tioknor, Lord
Brougham; Dr. Parr, Dngald Stewart, and others.

358 AMERICAN HISTOBICAL ASSOCIATION.

Trbkt, William Pbtsrfisld. The Period of Conatitntion-MakiQ^ in the
American Churches. By William P. Trent. Being the fourth eesay in
'^Essays in the Constitntional Hietory of the United States in the Form-
atiye Period, 1775-1789. By Graduates and Former Members of the
Johns Hopkins Uniyersity. Edited by J. Franklin Jameson, Ph. D.,
late Associate in the Johns Hopkins Uniyersity, Professor of Hiatory
in Brown University." Boston and New York : Houghton, Mifflin and
Company. Cambridge : The Riyerside Press, 1889.

Trowbridos, Thomas* Rothbrford, Jr. History of the Anoient Mari-
time Interests of New Hayen, Conn.

P4p9rt mftkt New Hmven OaUmy HiMUmeal Society, New Haven, Vol. m, 1882.
pp. 85-206.

Bditloii,600; 50 copies were aIbo printed on large peper (imp.8vo) and bound
■eparetely.

Trowbridge, Thomaa Rotherford, Jr. Anoient Houses of New Hayen.

Papen ctfthe New Haven OoUmy Hitterieal Soeiety, New Haven, Vol. U, 1870. 8vo^
pp. 175-204.
Kditlon.SOO.

Tucker, Gborob Fox. The Monroe Doctrine. A Conoise History of its
Origin and Growth. Boston : Published by George B. Reed, Law-
Bookseller and Publisher, 1885.

8vo, pp. 138.

1,000 oopiee, eleetrotyped.

TucKERMAN, Bayard. Life of General Lafayette, with a Critical Esti-
mate of his Character and Public Acts. By Bayard Tnckerman. New
York: Dodd, Mead A Co., 1889.

2 vols., 12mo, pp. 641, S poitraita, 1 plate, tidliion de laxe, 8vo, eleetrotyped.
Reviewed in New York Trihtne, April, 1888 ; The Nation, May 28, 1880; New Tork
Tknee, July 38, 1880 ; The Independent, Aaipiat 15, 1888} Soettm AdverHeer, Septem-
ber 10,1880; OMeago Tritn^ne, September 1, 1880; The OriiU, The LiUrary WorUL,
in 1889.

TUGKBRMAN, Batard. The Diary of Philip Hone, 1828-1851. Edited,
with an Introduction, by Bayard Tuckerman. New York: Dodd,
Mead & Co., 1889.

2 vola., 8yo, pp. 800, 1 portrait, eleetrotyped.

Reviewed in The Nation^ NoTember 28, 1880 ; New Tork Oommeroial AdverHter,
November 10,1880; Boston lyaveOer, November 30,1880; New Tork IWbufie, No-
vember 10,1888; OineinnaH Oommereial Ocuette, November 16, 1880; The Oritie^
Jaanary 4, 1800; The Literary World, January 4, 1800.

•a

Turner, Frrderick Jackson. Franklin the Peacemaker. Chicago : A.
C. McClurg db Co., 1888.
The JHal, Vol. ix, pp. 204-206.

Turner, Frederick Jackson. Franklin in Frand. Chicago : A. C. Mc-
Clurg & Co., 1888.

The Dial, Vol. viii, pp. 7-10.

Turner, Frederick Jackson. Wisconsin. Historical and statistical mat-
ter of the article in Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. xxiv, pp. 617-619.
New York : Chas. Scribner A Sons, 1888.

Turner, Frederick Jackoon. Outline Studies in the History of the
Northwest. Chicago : Chas. H. Kerr & Co., 1888.
16mo, pp. 12.

BIBUOGRAPJEiY — FOED. , 359

Turner, Frkobrlck Ja.cksox. Tbe Character and Inflaence of the Fur
Trade iu Wiscousiu. MadUon, Wisconiiiu : State PrinterSy 1889.

Proceedingt of the Thirty-tixth Annual Meeting qf the StaU Hietorical Society of
Wiseonein, 8to, pp. 5^-98.

TcRKnEK, Frkdsrick Jackson. The Winning of the West. Chicago : A.
C. McClarg & Co., 1889.
The Dial, Vol. x, pp. 71-73.

TuTTLE, HRRBEftT. German Political Leaders. By Herbert Tattle. New
York : G. P. Patnam's Sons, and X<ondon : Sainpeon Low & Co., 1876.
12mo, pp. zx, 264.

Forms YoLiv in ** Brief Bfographies of European Fublio Men." and contains
historical and deaoriptdTe sketches of nineteen representatlTe leaders in recent
German politics.

TurrLK, Hbrbb rt. History of Prossia. Vol. I. To the Aocesnion of Fred-
eric the Great, 1134-1740. With maps and index. By Herbert Tuttle,
Profeasor in Cornell Uniyersity. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin &, Co.,

1884.

3 vols., 8ro, pp. XTi, 406 ; xxiv, 308 ; xii, 334.

Vols. II and iii. Under FredeHo the Great, 1740>l7i5, 1745-1756. With two maps
and index. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Sl Co. London: Longmans Jc Co., 1888.
Electrotyped and printed at the Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Tyler, Lyon G. The Letters and Times of the Tylers. 1883.

Ttlkr, Moses Coit. The University of Michigan.

Seribner'e Monthly Magazine, Vol. xi, No. 4, February, 1876, pp. 523-534, lllns-
trated.

Ttler, MosRS Coit. A History of American Literature, 1607-1765. New
York : G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1878.

2 Tols., 8to. Many editions since i1»- first issue.

Reviewed in The Literary World, October, 1878; The Hartford Oourant, Decem-
ber 4, 1878; by Prof. J. Lewis Diuoian, in The Providence Journal, December — ,
1878; by David (>ray, in The Buffalo Courier, December 6, 1878 ; by George Ripley,
in The'New York Tribune, December—, 1878; by Thomas Wentworth Higginson,
in The Nation, January 2. 1879; by Justin AVinsor, iu The Independent, January 9,
1879; in The Eveninf^ Poet, January 18, 1879; in Appleton'e Journal, February,
1879; in The Atlantic, Uarpert MorUhly, and Seribner't for March, 1879; in The
London Morning Poet, July 17, 1879, and by Prof. Edward Dowden, in The Academy,
December 30, 1882.

Ttlkr, Moses Coit. Dean Berkeley's Sojourn in America, 1729-1731.
Monograph IV in Vol. I of ''The History of the American Episcopal
Church," by William Stevens Perry. Boston: J. R. Osgood & Co.,
1885.

8vo, pp. 519-540, illustrated.

Ttlbr, Moses Coit. Patrick Henry. In *'The American Statesmen
Series.*' Boston and New York : Houghton, Mifllin& Co. Cambridge:
/The Riverside Press, 1887.
16mo, pp. 398.

Rev'iewed in The Xew York Timee, October 9, 1887 : by Charles T. Fitch, in The
EoeheeUr Democrat, October 11, 1887; in The Atlantic, February, 1888; and in The
Nati4m, Apnl 12, 1888.

Ufhah, William P. Memoir of Oeneral John Glover, of Marblehead.
Salem, 1863.
4to, pp. 61.
Reprinted from Eeaex JnetituU Hietorieal OoUeetiont, Vol. ▼, pp. 97-132.

360 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Upham, WiLUAM p. Town Records of Salem, 1634-1659.

Eitex Institute Higtorieal OoUeetiofU, Vol. ix, 1868, pp. 1-242. 8ro.

Upham, William P. The First Hoases in Salem.

8to, pp. 47.

Reprinted froiu Ettex InatUiUt BuUetin.

ViNCKXT, John Martin. A Western Ambassador at Constantinople.

The Oeerland Monthly Magazin4,Yol. xi (second series), No. 64, April, 1888. pp.
42C-432. 8vo.

An account of the mission of Luitprand, Biabop of Cremona, to tlio- Court of
Xicephorua in the year 968. for the purpose of negotiating a marriage between the
sou of Otto I. and the Eastern princess, Tbeophano.

ViNCKNT, John Martin. Papers of the American Historical Association,
Vol. III. No. 1. A Study in Swiss History. By John Martin Vincent, of
the Johns Hopkins University. N^w York and London >G. P. Put-
nam's Sons, Knickerbocker Press, 1888.
8vo, pp. 146-163. Also separate!)^ reprinted.

An expUnatlon of the rise and persistence of the State-rights idea in Swltze^
land.

Walker, C. J. Father Marqnette and the Early Jesuits of Michigan.

Published in the newspapers of Detroit; also Michigan Pioneer Collections,
vol. vni.

" In 1858 at the 167th anniversary of the settlement of Detroit, I prepared and
read a paper giving a very full account of the settlement of this city, and of the
first ten years of its history, with a full notice of its founder, De La Moote Cadil-
lac. This was the result of much research, and was published in the papers at the
time.
• "I also read a paper on *The Sources of our Early Hihtorj',' which waspubliahed

in the papers.

"I prepared and read before the Historical Society two papers, one upon the
' History of Michigan from its Sarrender to the United States by Great Britain in
1795 to the Organization of the Territorial Government in 1805/ and hIm) an elab-
orate paper on ' Governor Hull and the Civil Administration of Michigan, from
its organization as a Territory from 1805 to 1812.' These were published at length
in the newspapers.

" In 1871 1 prepared and read before the Historical Society of Wisconsin a paper
entitled 'The Northwest during the Revolution.' It was the reenlt of moch
careful and original research. It was well received, and the society published it
in pamphlet form, and subsequently included it in the Historical Collections of
Wisconsin. It was also published in a volume of the Michigan Pioneer Collec-
tions."

Walker, Francis Amasa. The First Centnry of the Republic. Popula-
tion. By Francis A. Walker.

Harper'a Magctzine, August, 1875, pp. 391-414.

Reprinted in a volume (4to), " The First Century of the Republic," by Harpers,
1876.

Walker, FranIjis Amasa. History of the Second Army Corps, in th«

Army of the Potomac. By Francis A. Walker, Brevet Brig'r-Gen'l, U.

S. Vols., and Adj.-Gen'l uf the Corps, Oct. 9, 1862, to January 12, 1865.

With portraits and maps. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, 1886.
pp. xvi, 737.

Walker, Francis Amasa. Biographical Notice of President Wm. Barton
Rogers. Read before the National Academy of Sciences, Washington,
April, 1887.

Published in Memoir* N. A. <9.,1888; 300 copies of the above notice aeparatAly
printed, pp. 13.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FOKD. . 361

Walkbr, Francis Amasa. Sketch of the Life of Amasa Walker, LL. D.

Neyo England HUtorieal and Oeneaiogieal Regitter, April, 1888* pp. 133-141.
100 oopie* sepArately printed.

Walkkr, Franxis Amasa. Enloicy on General Philip H. Sheridan. By
Francis A. Walker. Delivered on invitation of the City Government,
before the Citizens of Boston, in Treraont Temple, Dec. 18, 1883.-
Printed by order of the city connoil, " Sheridan Memoir," pp. 41-117, 4to.

Warfikld, Ethelbert Dudley. John Breckinridge. A Democrat of the

Old Regime.

Magazine of American HiMtory, An^iiat, 1S8S, Vol. xiv, JSo. 2, pp. 190-200.

Warfirld, ETHELBERi" DUDLEY. Joel T. Hart : the Kentncky Sculptor.
MagazinB of Weitem Hutory. September. 1885, Vol ii, No. 5, pp. 424-483.

Warfield, Ethelbert Dudley. The Authorship of the Kentucky Reao-

Intionsof 1798.

Magazint of Western Hittory, April, 1886. Vol. in. No. 6, pp. 674-586.

Warfield, Ethelbert Dudley. The Beginnings of Constitational Con-
struction in the United States. ^
Magazine qf Western History, VoL v, No. 2, December, 1886, pp. 196-208.

W^ARFiKLD, Ethelbert Dudley. General William Camphell : The Hero
of King's Mountain.

Magazine of Western History, Vol. v, No. 3, Janaary, 1887, pp. 362-374.

Warfield, Ethelbert Dudley. Tho Kentucky Resolutions of 1798. An
Historical Monograph. By Ethelhert Dudley Warfield, M. A., LL. B.,
Barrister at Law. New York and London : G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1887.
8to, pp. ix, 203.

First edition, 1.000 copies; second edition, 1880, 250 copies. Electrotyped.
Reviewed in Magazine of American History, Febraary, 1888 ; Magazine of Western
History, January, 1888; The Nation, December 29, 1887, by President James C.
Wellinff; North Arneriean Review, April, 1887; 2*rinceton Review, by Alexander
Johnson. Jul^-, 1888; The Oitic, April 7, 1888; Tl^e Dial, February, 1888 ; New York
Christian Union, May 17, 1888 ;, LmdsvUU Courier Journal, November 13, 1887, liy R.
T. Darrell, and February 2, 1888; LouisviUe Times, December 1, 1887, by J. SonI«
Smith, etc.

Warfield, Ethelbert Dudley. Dolly Madison.

Magazine of Western History, Vol. viii, Na 6, pp. 514-522, October, 1888.

Warfield, Ethelbert Dudley. Inauguration of Ethelbert Dudley War-
field, M. A., LL. B., as President of Mian)i University, Oxford, Ohio.
Pnblislied by the University, 1889.

8vo, pp. Iv, 45.
1,500 copies.

luaucural address, an historical sketch of the growth of Universities and the
University idea.

Warfield, Ethelbert Dudley. Review of '^ The American Common-
wealth. By James Bryce," et<!.
Presbyterian Review, April, 1889.

Warfield, Ethelbert Dudley. Review of ''Narrative and Critical His-
. torj' of America. Edited by Justin Winsor," etc.
Presbyterian Review, J\k\y, 1889.

Warren, William Wilkins. The Autobiography and Genealogy of Will-
iam Wilkins Warren. Printed for family distribution. Cambridge:
John Wilson and Son, University Press, 1884.
8vo, pp. 59. 10 parte and 5 views ; 100 copies printed.

362 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Watkins, J. Elfreth. On ''A Leaaon of Life/'
Britton'i Journal, Yol. u, 1873.

Watkinb, J. Elfreth. special correapondence to New Jersey uewapapera
deacriptive of the U. S. Centennial Expoaition, lb76.

Editor of tlie "Railroad Colamn " of tbo Camden, N. J., DemoonA, isn-^%i
fooAder of theHooreAtown,K.J.. Oftrontele, 1879, and editor 1879-'83; founder of
the HaddoQfleld, K. J., ArguM, 1880, and editor 188(^'81 ; founder of the JamesbnrKh,
New, JerMy, Bword, 1881, and editor 188l-''82.

Watkins, J. Elfreih. The Credit for the Locomotive dae Trevithlok.
Ths Jtailroad OiuMU, 1883-'84.
Also other historical oontribations to the Mune paper.

Watkins, J. Elfreth. Semt-Centennial of the Pennaylyania R. R.

BaUroa4 GiueUe, April 11, 1884.

Brief historical history of the origin of the American railroad system and the be-
ginnings of the Pennsylranla Kailroad.

Watkins, J. Elfreth. Report on the Section of Steam Tranaportation^
U. S. National Moaeam.
Smithsonian Report^ 1886.

Description of a visit to Bniopean raUway mnseoms and foreign points of inter-
est fktnn an engineering standpoint.

Watkins, J. Elfreth. On the Lighting of Railway Traina in Europe by
Electricity.

Report to the general manager PennsylTsnia Railroad, Jane, 1888.

Watkins, J. Elfreth. The Story of Steam.

Mvening Star, Washington, January 18, 1888.

An onUine of the history of the application of steam to transportation.

Watkixs, J. Elfreth. Report on the Section of Tranaportation in the
U. S. National Muaeam, 1887.
Smithsonian Report, 1887.
A brief paper nJating to the beginnings of rail manofactare.

Watkins, J. Elfreth. Report on the Section of Tranaportation and En-
gineering in the U. S. National Mnaenm, 1888.
Smithsonian Report, 1888.

Contains details of the rearrangement of the section and the commencement of
active work.

Watkins, J. Elfreth. Contribationa of the Department of Tranaporta-
tion and Engineer! ug in the U. S. National Moaeam to the Ohio Valley
Centennial Exhibition, 1888.

Proceedings V. S. National Mtaeum, Vol. n, appendix.

A list of objects showing the development of transportation in America ainoe
colonial times.

Watkins, J. Elfreth. The Evolntion of the Railway Paaaenger Car.
Sarpor*M Weekly, Supplement, August 26, 1888.

Showing the development of American railway rolling stock devoted to paaaen-
ger trat&c.

Watkins, J. ElFiRETH. Report on the Section of Tranaportation and En-
gineering in the U. S. National Muaenm, 1889.
Smithsonian Report, 1889.
Descriptive of the work in the section.

Watkins, J. Elfreth. Origin of the Railway Syatem of England and
America and the Canaea of their Differencea.

Read before the Philosophical Society of Washington, D. C. 1889.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 363

Watkins, J. Elfreth. Early DSvidixig Engines, with speoUl reference
to that constrooted by Jesse Ramsden.

Read before the P)iUo9opblc*l Society. WeahingtoD, D. C. , Haroh, 1889.

Watkinb, J. Elfreth. The Air-Ship. Its Inflnenoe on Travel. Should
it be Perfected f

The Epoch, New York, Angnet 10, 1889.

With eetimaie of coet of coodaciiDf; aSrial trafSo.

Watkins, J. Elfreth. The Development of the Amerioan Rail and Track.

Reed at the Seabricht €k>nveotion of the American Society of CiTU Engineera,
Jane 21, 1889.

Transaetiora American Society of Oivil Sngineert, April, 1890.

Prefaced by a brief hiatorical Hketch of the nianufa^tnre of iron, together with a
description of the progreea in rail designing and nmkiug.

Watson, Paul Barron. Bibliography of the Pre-Columbian Discoveries
of America. Boston, 1881.
4to, pp. 20.

Originally printed in the Library Journal, 1881. Reprinted, with corrections and
additions, in the fourth edition of Rasmns R. Anderson's ''America not Discovered
by Colnmbus, ' ' Chicago, 1883.

Watson, Paul Barron. Marcus Anrelius Antoninus. New York and
London: Harper &, Bros, and Samson Low & Co., 1834.

8vo, pp. X, 338.

Portrait and nnmismatical ninstt-ations, bibliography.

Reviewed in Philadelpltia Evening Bulletin, May 16, 1884; Philadelphia Preee,
•May 18. 188t; LiUrary World, May 31, 1884; The Nation, June 19, 1884; Botton
Traneeript, July 1, 18S4 ; Saturday Review^ October 25, 1884 ; London Aeademy, Sep-
tember 13, 1884; Harper's Monthly Jfofrazin^, September, 1881; by David Swing in
The Dial, Jane. 1884 ; by Moses Coit Tyler in the Oomell Revi*w, October, 1884 ; and
' by S. Austin AUibone in the Ohrittian Union, June 28. 1884.

Watson, Paul Barron. The Swedish Revolntiou nnder Qustavas Vasa.

Boston and London: Little, Brown & Co. and Samson Low &, Co.,

1889.

8vo, pp.xvi,301.

Nnmismatical illustrations, bibliography.

Reviewed in Philadelphia Evening BuUetin, September 27, 1889; Boaton Oommer-
eidl Buttetint October 10, 1889; Ne^ York Sun, September 29, 1869; Neto Tork Trib-
. une, October 6. 1889; The Literary World, October 12, 1889 ; Boeton Poit, November
2, 1889 : Boeton Evening Tranteript, Koveivber 9. 1689.

Watrous, Gkorgb Dutton. Gnelf and Ghibelline in Italy To-Day.

The New Englander and Tale Review, No. cxciv. May 6, 1886, pp. 385-407.

Watrohs, Georgk DuttoK. Travel and Transportation. A chapter of
the " Hidtory of the City of New Haven," edited by Rev. E. E. Atwater.
Published in 1887.
pp. S51-^0.

Wklung, Jamks Clarke. History of the Monroe Doctrine.
National InielHgeneer, Washington, D. C, February 5, 1856.

WxLUNG, jAinES Clarkr.* History of the Missonri Compromise.
National InteUigeneer, Washington, D. C, December 30, 1856.

WsLUNG, James Clarke. The Monroe Doctrine.
North American JUview, YoL lzxxu, pp. 478.

WsLUHG, Jambs Clarkb. History of the Sacred Latin Poetry of the

Middle Ages.

North American Review, July, 1857.

364 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Welling, James Clarke. The Monroe Doctrine : , its Origin and Pnrport.
J^oMonai InUlUfftncer, Wash ingtoD, D. C. , December 18, ] 868.

W^u?rG, James Clarke. The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independ-
ence.

North Amferiean Review, April 1874.

Tbe same topic : Magazine of American Hietory^ Hftreh, 1888.

Wkluno, James Clarke. Life and Character of Joseph Henry, First
Secretary of the Sinithsouian Institution.

BvUttin of the Philoeophieal Society of Waihington for 1878.
The Mme in "Memorial of Joseph Henry," published by order of ConcresA.
Washtngtpo, D. C, Government Printing Office, 1880.

Welling, Jambs Clarke. President Lincoln's Emancipation ProclamA-
tiou: its Origin, Motive, and Legal Effect.'
North American lievieto, ¥ehrnBTy,lHSO.

Wellin<}, James Clarke. The States' Rights Theory: its Involatioa
and its Evolution in American Hintory. An Outline Sketch.
Papere of the American Hietorieal Attociation, Vol. 11, pp. 72-80.

Welling, James Clarke. L nd Politics of the United States. Papor
read before the New York Historical Society, Tuesday, May 1, 1888.
New York : Published by the Society/ 1888.

Welling, James Clarke. The States'. Rights Conflict over the Pablic

Lands.

Papers <{f tiu American HiHorical Aetoeiation, Vol. iii, pp. 40]M32.

Wheildon, William Willdek. Letters from Nabant. Historical, De-
scriptive, and Miscellaneous. By Wm. W. Wheildon. Charlestown:
Press of the Bunker Hill Aurora, 1842.

12mo, pp. 18, illastrated.

A second edition was printed in 1848.

Wheildon, William Willder. Inauguration of the St-tftne of Warren by

the Bunker Hill Monument Association, June 17, 1857. By William W.

Wheildon, editor. Boston : By authority of the Committee, 1858. •

8vo, pp. 224, 2 portraits and plate.

Wheildon, William Willdeu. Memdir of Solomon WHlarJ, Architect
and Superintendent of the Bunker Hill Monument. By William Will-
der Wheildon.

Prepared and printed by direction of tbe Monument Association, 1866, 8ro, pp. 272.
2 plates and 5 diajcranis.

500 copies, mostly sent to librHries and given to roombers of the !&.s8ociatioD and
prominent citlsens.

Every type of the volnrae composed by the sathor while editing bis newspaper.
The Bunker Hill Aurora, nnd doin;; the general itork of bis office. Every form was
prepared by him for the steam-press, and many pages of the volnme never faiMS.,
but set up in type.

Wheildon, William Willder. The New Arctic Continent, or Wrangell's
Land, discovered August 14, 1;67, by Captain Long, of the American
ship Nile, and seen by Captains Raynor, Bliven, and others. With a
brief notice of Baron WrangelFs Explorations in 1823. By William W.
Wheildon, [then] of Charlestown, Mass. Read before the American
AsiiHciation for the Advancement of Science, at Chicago, August, 1863.

Proceedingt of the Association.

The history of the discover}', believed to bo the first and only one ever published,
waPB also published in a small I2mo volnme, for which, at the request of the aothor,

BIBLIOaKAPHY — FORD. 365

/
the Gorernment of the TToited StA^M furnUhod some copies of the map surrey of

Behiing's Straits and Arctic Ocean by Commander John Rogers, in 1856, to which

additions were maile in 1858. Small number of copies printed, as it is contained in

the volume of proceedings of the Association,

Wheildon, William Willder. CoDtribntionH to Thonght. By William
Wilicler Wbeildon, Fellow of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science. Ooncoird) Massachosetts: Author's Private Printing'
Office, 1874.

12mQ, pp.236b

500 copies.

Contents— Sul^ects : 1. Material Progress. 2. The Principle of Life. 3. The
Origin of the Races of Men. 4. The Theory of Life. 5. The Open Polar Sea. 6.
The City and the Country. 7. Instinct and Reason. 8. American Independence.
9. Miscellaneous Papers and Poems. 10. Thoughts and Remarks.

Whkildon, William Willder. New History of tbe Battle of Banker
Hill, June 17, 1775. Its Purpose, Condnct, and Result. By William
W. Wheildon. Boston : Lee & Shepard. New York : Lee, Shepard &
Dillingham, 1875.
6vo, pp. 56, 1 plate.

Wheildon, William Willder. Biege and Evacuation of Boston and
Charlesto wn, with a brief acconut of Pre-Revolntionary Buildings. By
William W. Wheildon. With illustrations and map. Boston : Lee iV
Shepard, 1H76.
8vo, plAtes.

Oi^the inside page of the cover, at the end of the work, is an %ooonnt of the novel *
defense on Dorchester Heights, received from a genUeman in Texas, who heard it
related at the Philadelphia high school hy Professor Shaw, who had it from his god-
father when a boy at Cambridge. His godfather was in the Banker Hill fight, and
nsed to show him the historic spots and relate'the stories. The only real account
of the works ever published.

Whbildqk, William Willder. Sentry, or Beacon Hill. The Beacon and .
the Monument of 1635 and 1790. By William W. Wheildou. Illus-
trated with maps aud heliotype plates. Prepared for the Bunker Hill
Monument Association. Boston, 1877.
8vo, pp. 116, plates, illustrations.

Wheildon, William Willdbr. Semi-Centennial Celebration of the
Opening of Faneuil Hall Market, with a History of the Market. 3y
Williaqi W. Wheildon. Prepared for the Committee of Arrangements.
Boston, 1877.

Square 8vo, pp. 106, with illostrated border, pp. 106, sm. 4to.
The acconut of the celebration and particulars of tbe nrraogements, speeches
of the guests, poem of Mr. Nathaniel Childs, and list of the 6ocapants of the
market and Faneuil Hall, together occupy about 70 pages. ** The History of Bos-
ton Market, from 1634," occupies about 35 pages. The work is illustrated with a
full-page photograph of the procession and the market building ; also a photograph
of the mayor, Hon. S. C. Cobb, and some of the senior occupants of the market.
Five hundred copies printed for the occupants of the market.

Wheildon, William Willder. History of Paul Reyere's Signal Lanterns,
April 18, 1775, in the Steeple of the North Chorch, with an account of
the tablet on Christ Church, aud the monuments at Highland Park and
Dorchester Heights. By William W. Wheildon. With heliotype of
Christ Chnrch. Boston : Lee &, Shepard, Publishers, 1878.

/♦

366 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Wheildon, William Willder. Cariosities of History : Boston, Septem-
ber SeTeoteentb, 1A30-1880. By William W. Whelldon. Second edi-
tion. Boston: Lee & Sbepard, Pnblishers. New Tories Charles T.
DiUingbaii), 1880.
IZmo, pp. 140, plates.

"Mr. Wailam W. WlMOdcni's 'CarlMitiM of History: Boston, Septomber 17,
1680-1800,' pabli«ta«d by L«e A Shepard, ts an attraotire little book, fresb and full
of good old things, with the motto from Whittier, —

' Ringing clearly with a will,
What she was is Boston still, '

and 'affectionately dedioated to my wife in commemoration of the flfty-flrst year
of onr married life.' It tells of ancient topography, Boston farming, Puritan gov-
ernment, old streets and lanes and names, cnrions prints, very onrioits lectares and
proclamations, and winds np ^ith some wholesome remarks on good dining. B€»s-
ton may defy other American cities to prodnce such a record, and Mr. WbelMon
may challenge his rivals, if there be any, to make a more entertaining book. It is
a delightful mixture atf anUqnities, curiosities, sage remarks, and good temper.** —
Jktify Advertiser.

" Mr. Willism W, Wheildon, who is well known as a student and Iotot of ancient
lore, has puhlished a very timely and interesting Toinme, entitled ' Curiosities of
History.' It contains a dosen or more papers upon matters connected with the
history of Boston; as the topography, the public ferries, Boston oorn-fldds, Puritan
government, persecution of the Quakers, first Amcricrn newspaper, curious Boston
lectures, remarkable proclamations, etc. Without aspiring to the dignity of a his-
tory, (he volume contains a large amount of liistorical material, much of which is
exceedingly quaint and curious. Bostonians in particular will And it well worth
the time spent in reading it, fhun the information which it gives conoeming the
early history of Boston, and the light which it throws upon tiie eld ways and cos-
toms."— i^OfCon Journal.

"It comes at an interesting time, and is well worth aplace in the library of every
one interested In the good old city of which it tieats." — Bottoth PobL

Wheildon, William Willder. New Chapter in the History of the Con-
cord Figbt. GrotOD Minute Men at the Noith Bridge, April 19thy 1775.
Appendix : 1. Towns Engaged in the Fighting and Movements, Lowes,
etc. 2. Monnments, Memorials, etc., erected to commemorate the
events of the day. By William W. Wheildon. Boston : Lee A, Sbep-
ard, publishers, No. 10 Milk street , 1885.

The intelligence which Doctor Warren sent to Lezinffton of the intended move-
ment of Geoeral Gage, by Paul Revere, on Sunday, April 10, and which Haaoook
carried to Concord on Monday morning to the Committee of Safety then in sesalon,
induced the sending of some pieces of cannon to the town of Groton for safety.
The arrival of tho cannon in Groton on Tuesday afternoon, 18tb, induced the call of
a meeting of the Minute Men of that town, who had probably heard of the s«ndln<;
of troops to Salem to seize some pieces of cannon there. The Company determined
not to go to Concord unless they had /further intelligence, but some of the mem-
bers, nine in number, determined to go to Concord, and soon after proceeded with
Ught«d torches an^ reached Concord in season to breakfast with Colonel Barrett
and then proceeded to the old North Bridge, participated in the fight there, and fol-
lowed the British troops down the road to Charlestown.

Whbildox, William Willder. The Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770.
Funeral of the Victims, Conduct of the Soldiers, Scene of the Massacre,
Arrest and Trial of the Soldiers, Monnment to the Victims. By Wi1>
liam W. Wheildon.

Sunday Heraid, Boston, November 11, 1889L

Wheildon, Wiluam Willder. Revolutionary War in Massachiuetts,

By William W. Wheildon.

Published in successive issues of the Boiton Herald,

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FOBD. 367

Whsildon, WiLUAM WiLLDBR. Review of the AdministrAtioii of Goy-

ernor Gage and History of tfae ProyiDcial Congtess of Maesaohnaetts,

May, 1774 to July, 1776.

Bead before the AntiqaMiaii Society, of Concord, MaUb, and also before the
New Bagland ^ietorio-GeiiealoKlcal Society.

Whxildon, Wiluam Willdbr. Settlement of Maasachnsetts Bay and
Fonnding of Boston, 16M,
Sunday BeraUL, Boston, IBM.

WHBiLDONy William Willdbr. Historioal Sketches : First Mint in Massa-
chusetts, 1652; Charles River Bridge, 1785; Baildingof Fort Strong,
Noddle's Island, 1813; Engagement of Chesapeake and Shannon, 1813;

the Great Storm of 1815.
Sunday Herald, 1889.

Whbildon, William Willdbr. The Boston Tea Party, 1773.

Bo9ion HvraXdy December, 1887.
Wheildox, William Willdkr. Major Pitcairn ; Conduct, Character, and
Death. April 19th and June 17th, 1775.
Sunday Herald.

Whbildon, William Willdbr. Mrs. General Gage. Defense against the
charge of treason in divulging her husband's movements.
BotUm Herald, 1888.

Wheildon, William Willdbr. MassachusettI Centennial. Adoption of
State Constitution, October, 1780.

Sunday Berald. *

WHBILDON, William Willdbr. Evacuation of Boston and Charlestown,
March 17, 1776.
BoHon Herald,

Whbildon, William Willi>br. Adoption of the Federal Constitution by
the State of Massachusetts, and Public Celebration, February 5, 1788.
Sunday Herald, October, 1887.

Whbildon, William Willdbr. Home Life a Century Ago.
Sunday Herald, JaxirukTy,lS96.

White, Andrew Dickson. Glimpses of Universal EUstory.

New Englander Magazine, Vol. 15, p. 308, Aiign»|, 1857.

Whitb, Andrew Dickson. Outline of a Course of Lectures on History ;
addressed to the Senior class 1860, in the University of Michigan. Ann
Arbor, 1860.
8vo.

The same. To the senior claas, 1861, in the University of Michigan. Detroit,
1861, 8vo. • •

The same. To the senior class in the Cornell Universitj'. Ithaca, 1870, 8vo, pp.
76, (1), n.
The same. Fourth edition enlarged. Ithaca, 1872, 8to, pp. 8, 88.

White, Andrew Dickson. The Development and Overthrow of the Rus-
sian Serf System.

AOantie Monthly, Yol. 10, p. 538, Kovember, 1862.

Whitb, Andrew Dickson. The Statesmanship of Richelieu.

Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 0, p. 611, May, 1882.

White, Andrew Dickson. A Letter to William Howard Russell, LL.
D., on passages in his '^ Diary North and South.'' London, 1863,
8to.

368 AMERICAN IlISTORICAii ASSOCIATION.

White, Andrrw Dickson. Review of tlje Governor's Message. Speech

in Senate 1864. ^^Ibany, 1864.

8to, pp. 12. /

Union campaign documents, Na 6.

White, Andrew Dickson. The Cornell University. Speecfa, New York
State Senate, 1865.

Unbound. No title page. [1865] 8to, 23h. 8.

White, Andrew Dickson. Tbe Most Bitter Foe of Nations and the way
to its Permanent Overthrew. Address before tbe Pbl Beta Kappa So-
ciety at Yale College, 1866. New Haven, 1866.
8to, pp. 86.

White, Andrew Dickson. Report of tbe Committee on Organization,
presented to tbe trustees of tbe Cornell University, October 21, 1866.
Albany, 1867.

8vo, pp. 48.

■

White, ANbREW Dickson. Address on Agricaltnral Education, delivered

before tb^ New York State Agrioultnral Society at Albany, Feb. 10,

1869. Albany, 1869.
8vo, pp. 49.

White, Andrew Dickson. Santo Domingo : Tbe Commissioners, A. D.
Wbite, S. J. Howe, "B/t F. Wade, U. S. Commission of Inquiry to Santo
Domingo Dominican Republic. Report of tbe Cuniniission, witb the in*
troductory message of the President ; special reports made to tbe Com-
mission (etc.). V. S. Senate, Forty-second Congress, flrst session, Ex.
Doc. No. 9. Wasbingtun, 1871.
8vo, map.

White, Andrew Dickson. Report to tbe Trustees of tbe Cornell Uni-
versity OQ tbe Establishment of (Sage) College.

In "Cornell University. Proceedings at the laying of the comer-stone of tb«
Sage. College, 1873."

White, Andrew Dickson. Soientifio and Industrial Education* in the
United States. Address before tbe New York State Agricultural So-
ciety.

Popular Science Monthly, No. 26. p. 170, June, 1874.

Also reprint from Popular Science Monthly, and revised edition. New York,
1874, 8yo, pp. 24.

White, Andrew Dickson. A Fourth Series of Lectures on Modern His-
tory : The Greuier States of Continental Europe ; syllabus for the
graduating classes of Cornell University. Iibaoa, 1874.
8vo, pp. 62.

White, Andrew Dickson. Advanced Education ; tbe Relations of the
Natioual and State Governments to Advanced Education. Paper read
before tbe National Educational Association, Detroit, Aug. 5, 1874.
Office of Old and New, Boston, 1874. *

8vo, pp. 475-494.

White, Andrew Dickson. An Abridged Bibliography of tbe French Rev-
olution.

Appended to " The French Revolution,*' by W. O'C. Morris, 1876b 16mo, pp. 37&-306.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 369

WhitR; Andrew Dickson. Paper Money laflation in France. How it
came about, what it brongbt and how it ended. Paper read at Wa«li-
iiij;ton and New York, 1876.
8vo, pp. 69.

AIno printed as " Society for PolitioftI Ednoatlon, Rconotnio Traoto, viii.** New
York, 1882, 12mo, pp. 4&

Whitr, AndukW Dickson. The Warfare of hcienoe. An addreisa first
• given uuder the title ** Battle-fields of Science'' as a Phi Beta Kappa ora-
tion at Brown University and as a lecture at New York, Boston, New
Haven, and elsewhere.

Popular Science Monthfy, 1876.

Reprint, New Torlc, 1876. 12mo, pp. 151. Reprint, New York, 1879.
The fwrne, with prefatory note by J. Tyndali ; first Bnglish edition, London,
1876. BinaU 8vo, pp. (I) x 151. Second edition, Juondon, 1870.

White, Andrew Dickson. Yotenskapens Strider ; of Tersallunng af A. D.
White's '' Warfaro of Science '' med forord af H. M. Melin. Lund, 1877.

8vo.

White, Andrew Dickson. The Provision for Higher Instrqction in Snb-
jects Bearing Directly upon Public Affairs.

Reports of the U.S. Commisaioners to the Paria Exposition of 1878, Vol. ii.
Washington, Government Printing Office, llB80.
8vo, pp. 962-381.

White, Andrew Dickson. Education in Political Science. Address.

Baltimore, 1879.
8vo.

White, Andrew Dickson. James A. Garfield. Memorial address at
Ithaca, N. Y., 1881.
8vo, pp. 13.

White, Andrew Dickson. Prefatory Note in W. (A.) Miiller's Political
History of Recent Times, 1882.

White, Andrew Dickson. Two Addresses at Cleveland, Ohio. October
25, 26, 1882. I. On the Plan of Western .Reserve Univerftity. 2. On
tbe Education of Freedmen.
8vo, pp. 20.

White, Andrew Dickson. Do the Spoils Belong to the Victor T

North American Review, Vol. 134. No. 2, February, 1882, 8vo, pp. iii, 133.

White, Andrew Dickson. The New Germany.
American Geographical Society BuUetin, No. 4, 1882.

White, Andrew Dickson. Neu-Dentschland, aus dem Englischen ttber-
setzt von W. Ruprecht. Gottingen, 188!).
8vo.

White, Andrew Dickson. The Message of the Nineteenth Century to tbe

Twentieth. An address delivered before the class of 1853, in the

chapel of Yale College, June 26, 1883. New Haven, 1883.

' •. Second edition, 8vo, pp. 25, and also in A. L. Train, compiler, Yale College,

classes (1853). Yale College class of 1853. "A Centory's Message." Irving

Ubsary. Vol. l,Nu. 28. New York, 1883 ; and "Choice Literature," Vol. 1, No. 7,

Auguat, 1683, New York.

White, Andrew Dickson. Messagio del Secolo Decimonono al Secolo
Ventesimo. Tradutto di A. D. White's The Message of the 19th Cen-
tury, etc. Per F. (larlanda.

La Nwroa Bivitta^ September, October, 1884,

S. Mis. 170 24

370 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCUTION.

White, Andrew Dickson. A Letter to the IndepeDdent Bepablicans of
Brooklyn at a Banqaet, Feb. 22, 1884. Ithaca, 1884.

White, Andrew Dickson. In trod action in T. F. Crane and 8. J. Bran,
editors, '* Tableaux de la Revolution Fran^aiae, an Historical French
Reader." New York, 1884.
16mo, pp. 311.

White, Andrew Dickson. Some Praolic&I Inflnences of German Thought .
iipOii the United States. An address delivered at the centennial oele-
bration of the German Society of New York, Oct. 29, 1884. Ithaca,
1884.

Small Sto, pp. 16.

White, Andrew Dickson. Address at the First Annual Banquet of Cor-
nell Alumni Association of Western New York, Buffalo, April 18, 1884.
Ithaca, N. Y., 1884.
8vo, pp. 9.
Reprinted ttom Buffalo Eiprut,

White, Andrew DiCfKSON. On Studien in General History and the His-
tory of Civilization. Read before the American Historical Association,
Sept. 9, 1884. New York and London, 1885. ^

Paper$ of the Anteriean JBUtorieal AtiocioHon, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1885, Sve, pp. 28.

White, Andrew Dickson. Some Important Questions in Higher Educa-
tion. Remarks at a Conference of College Presidents of New York, at
Albany, Julyd, ia'^4. Ithaca, 1885.

Reprint*^ ftom "Coavooation Proceedings."

White, Andrew Dickson. Prefatory Note in ''What Profession^ Shall I
Choose," etc. Ithaca, 1884.

White, Andrew Dickson. The Presidency of Cornell University. Re-
marks presented in accordance with the request of the trustees that he
would address them regarding the election of his successor, July 13,
1885. Ithaca, 1885.
8vo,pp.28.

White, Andrew Dickson. A Letter Resigning the Presidency of Cornell
University, and the Professorship of History, June 17, 1885. Ithaoa,
1885.

White, Andrew Dickson. New Chapters in the Warfare of Science:
The Doctrine of Comets. October, 1885.

Popular Science Monthly, Vol. 27, No. e, pp. 721 , 8vo.

White, Andrew Dickson. A History of the Doctrine of Comets.

Papern of the American Sitlorieal Aeeociation, Vol. II« 1888.

White, Andrew Dickson. Historical Instruction in the Course of His-
tory and Political Science at Cornell University [in G. S. Hall, editor,
Methods of Teaching History].
Scoood edition, 1885.

White, Andrew Dickson. Address Delivered at the Unreiling of the
Statue of Benjamin Silliman at Yale College, June *i4, 1864i Ithaca,
1885.

8to, pp. W.

White, Andrew Dickson. New Chapters in the Warfare of Science:
Meteorology.

Popular Sdenoe Monthly ^ Vol. 30, Joly and August, 1887, pp. 378>45S, 8vo,
Reprint. New Tbrk, 1887, pp. 35, 8vo.

BIBLIOGRAPHY— FORD. 371

Writb, Akdrkw D1CK8OK. College Fraternities.

JVmm, Vol. 8, May, 1887, pp. 248, 8vo.

Wbits, Andbsw Dickson. The Constitation and American Bdnoation.
Response at the Centennial Banqnet, at the Academy of Hosio, Phil-
adelphia, September 17, 1887. Ithaca, 1887.

8vo, pp. 8.

Whits, Andrew Dickson. Earopean Schools of History and Politics.

Baltimore, 1887.

JoKna ffopkinw Vniversity StudUi, Vol. 5^ No. 12, December, 1887, 8to, pp. 15.

Whtte, Andrew Dickson. A letter to the Repablioan Clmb of the City of
New York on Occasion of its Banquet, Feb. 12, 1887. Ithaoa, 1887.
SmaU Svo, pp. 4.

White, Andrew Dickson. The Next American Univ^wty.

/brum, ToL S, Ko. 4» June, 1888^ 8^9, pp. 871.

White, Andrew Dickson. New Chapters in the War&re of Science :
Geology.

PojnOar SdmM IfouMy, Vol. xxzn, Ifelnnmy and Mareli, 1888^ »vo, pp. 433~588b
Reprint. New York, 1888, 8vo. pp. 80.

White, Andrew Dickson. The Need of Another University.

Forufn^ YoL vi, 'So. ^ Janasry, 1888; 8vOi pp. 486.

White, Andrew Dickson. A Uniyersity at Washington.

JFbrwm, Vol. vi^Noi 8, FebrasTj, 1888, 8to, ppb 822.

White, Andrew Dickson. New Chapters in the Warfare of Science :
Demoniacal Possession and Insanity.

PoptUar Seienee Monthlyt Vol. zxuv, Noe. 4 and 5, Febmaiy and Msroh, 1888, 8to,
pp. 577.
Reprint. 8to, pp. 82.

White, Andrew Dickson. New Chapters in the Warfare of Science:
Diabolism and Hysteria.

FcptUar Seienee Monthly ^ Vol. xxzv, Noe. 1 and 2, May and June, 1889,8yo,pp.
1-14S.
Reprint New York, 8to, pp. 27.

WHirsnT, WiLUAM Heth. Origin of Infant Baptism. By Wm. H. Whit-
sitt, Professor in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Lonis-
yille, Ky. : Caperton & CatiCS, 1878.
18nio,pp.46; 1,000 copies.

Whitsitt, William Heth. History of Commnnion Among the Baptists^
A Discourse Delivered in the Walnut Street Baptist Church, Louis-
ville, Ky., October 26th, 1879. By W. H. Whitsitt. New York : J. K.
Lees, Printer, 1^ and 170 Fulton Street, 1880.
12ffio,pp.KS; 600 copies.

Whsfbitt, William Heth. Origin of the Disciples of Christ (Campbell-
ites). A Contribntion to the Centennial Anniversary of the Birth of
Akxauder Campbell. By William H. Whitsitt, D. D., LL. D., Pro-
fessor in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. New York :
A. C. Armstrong and Son, 1888.
12nio, pp. 12, 1,000 copies.

A volame in reply to abore was written by Presidept Longaa, of prake Uni-
vsfitty, low^

372 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

WHrrsiTT, William Hbth. Filson Club Pablications. Nnmber Foor.
Life aad Services of Judge Caleb Wallace, Sometime a Justice of the
Court gf Appeals of the State of Kentucky. By William H. Whitsitt.
Lonisville, Ky. : JohD P. MortoD & Compauy, Printers to the Filson
Club, 1888.

4to.pp.151; 1« 000 copies.

Williams, Fredrick Wblls. The Life and Letters of Samnel Wells
Williams, LL. D., Missionary, Diplomatist, Sinologue. By his Son,
Frederick Wells Williams. New York and London : G. P. Putnam's
' Sons.

8yo, pi>. v\, 400, portrait, electrotyped.

WiLUAMs, John Flbtchcr. The Odd Fellows Minstrel : A collection of
Odes fjpT the use of the Fraternity on anniversary occasions, dedica-
tions, social reunions and festivals, funerals, lodge meetings, corner-
stone ceremonies, public installations, etc. Edited by J. Fletcher
Williams, of St. Paul, Minn., Past Grand Secretary, etc. Cincinnati,
O., 1864.

82vo, pp. 158; 150,000 copies of this work were issaed.

Williams, John I«Ybtcher. The Guide to Minnesota, containing full in-
formation for the traveler, pleasure-seeker and immigrant, concerning
all routes of travel to and in the State, etc. St. Paul, 1868.
18to, pp. 81 ; another edition : 1800, pp. 91.

Williams, John Fletcher. Memoir of Capt. Martin Scott, U. S. A. St.
Paul, 1870. r

MinnMOta Histoneal Society OoUettiont, YoL m, 8vo, pp. 180-187.

Williams, John Fletcher. The Public Libraries in Minnesota. St. Paul,
1870.

Minnewta Teacher ^ Octoher, 1870, 8to, pp. 9.

Williams, John Fletcher. Bibliography of Minnesota. St. Paul, 1870.

Minnesota Hittorieal Society OolUetione^ Vol. lii, 8to, pp. 13-75.

100 copies separately printed, on tinted paper, with special title page.

Williams, John Fletcher. Memoir of Ex.-Gov. Henry A. Swift, of Min-
nesota. St. Paul, 1870.

Minneeota Hietorical Society OoUeetiont, Vol. m, 8ro, pp. 91-98.

Williams, John Fletcher. Memoir of Hon. David Olmstead, of Minne-
sota. St. Paul, 1870.

Minneaota Hiitorical Society OoUeetion*, VoL nu 8vo, pp. 21^-241.

Williams, John Fletcher. Memoir of Hon. Cyrus Aldrich, of Minneap-
olis. Saint Paul, 1870.

Minnetota Hiet&rieal Society OoUeetione, Vol. in, 8vo, pp. 21S-221.

Williams, John Fletcher. Report of the Centennial State Board of
Minnesota, made to the Governor; etc. St. Paul, 1875.
8vo, pp. 9.

WiLUAMS, John Fletcher. History of the City of Saint Paul and of the
County of Ramsey, Minnesota. By J. Fletcher Williams, Secretary of
the Minnesota Historical Society, etc. Saint Paul : Published by the
Society, 1876.

OoUeetione cif the Minnetota ffiitorieal Society, Vol. rv, Sro, pp. 475, 8 tteel engt%r-
ings, 47 wood cute.
1,000 copies,
^viewed in New England Hiftorical and OtncaiiogietU JUgitteft April, 187)8.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 373

WirxiAMS, JoHX Fletcher. A Brief History of MinneBota. Detroit, 1878.

Preface to the Minne$ota State Qazedeer^ 1878-79, 8vo, pp. 28.

Williams, John Fletchbh. Biograpliical Sketch of Hon. Qeorge L.
Becker, of 8t. Paal. New York and Chicago, 1879.
• United States Biographical Dictionary, Minueeota Yolmne, 4to.

WiLLUMS, John Fletcher. Sketch of Minnesota, Descriptive and Sta-
tistical. St. Paul, 1881-'89.

Minnnota LegitkMvt Manual^ 1881, and sacceeding editiona, 8vo.

Williams, John Fletcher. Enlogy on James L. Ridgely, late Grand Sec-
retary of the Sovereign Grand Lodge, I. O. O. F., delivered at a gen-
era) meeting of the Order in St. Paul, Dec. 14, 1861. St. Paal, 1881.

8yo,pp.ao.

100 copies, privately printed.

WiLUAMS, John Fletcher. Outlines of the History of Minnesota, 1858-
'81. '(Prefixed to the histories of Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, and
Washington Connties, Minnesota, and to the history of the Upper Mis-
sissippi .Valley.) Blinneapolis, 1881.

4to.pp.l29-ie0.

WiLUAMS, John Fletcher. Memoir of Wm. W. Warren. St. Paul, 1885.
Prefixed to Warren's "History of the Ojibway Nation." Yol.^v, Uinnuota HU-
torieal Society (MleeHontt 8vo, pp. 14.
809 copiea printed, eleotrotyped.

Williams, John Fletcher. Historieal Sketch of Saint Panl, Minn.
Wash., 1885.

United States Census Reports, 1880, YoL xiv. Part li, p. 606, 4to.

Williams, John Fletcher. Reminiscences of Thirty Years Active Mem-
bership in Saint Panl Lodge No. 2, I. O. O. F., with a fall History of
the Order in Saint Paul. An Address delivered before St. Paul Lodge
No. 2, March 16, 1886, by J. Fletcher Williams, P. G. M., P. G. R., etc.
St. Panl, 18»6.

8vo, pp. 57.

500 copies printed.

WiLUAMS, John Fletcher. Saint Panl, Minnesota ; Historical and De*
scriptive. New York, 1886.

Johnson's SnoyolopsBdia, edition of 1886.

Williams, John Fletcher. Catalogue of the Library of the Minnesota
Historical Society. Saint Paul, 1888.
8vo, two volnmes.
1,000 copies printed.

Williams, John Fletcher. Tribute to the memory of Rev. Harvey Shipp
Widney, late Principal of the Excelsior Academy, Minuesota, contain-
ing a memoir, the address at his funeral, and other eulogies. St. Paul,
1888.

8to, pp. 27.

260 copies. •

WiLUAMS, J OHN Fletcher. The Encampment Branch of the Order [Chap.
TV.] of Odd Fellowship, its History and Manual. New York, 188H.

8?o, pp. 417-439.

374 AMEJtJCAN HISTOBICAL ASSOCIATION.

WiLUAMS, John Fletchbb. The Groves and Tappan (Houaghaa Coanty,
Ireland). An accoaut of a pil|^i*image tbither in searoh of the Qene-
aiogy of the Williama Family. By Juhu Fletcher WilUaniH, ^^ecretary
of the Minnesota Historical Socfety, etc. Privately printed for the
family. St. Pattl, l»-89.

pp.08.

150 copies, 4 woodcuto.

WiLUAMSy -John Flbtchbr. History of the Press of Saint Paol. Syra-
cnse, K. Y., 1889.
^ A chapter of the " Memorial History of Saint Paul, Minn." 4ta

WU.UAM8, John Flbtcher. Sketch of the Minnesota Histdrioal Society ,

Cleveland, 1889.

Jf 4Vacin« q/ TTMeem Hittory, Yol. U, 8to, pp. 527-537.

WiLUAMSf John Flktchrr. Biographical Sketch of Mr. Henry P. Upham,
of St. Paul. Boston : Ticknor & Co., 1889.
*' Biographical History of Minnesota," 4to.

WiLUAMS, John Flktchbr. Biographical Sketch of Mr. Conrad Qotzian.
of Saint Paul. Boston, Ticknor & Co., 1889. .
" Biographical History of Biinnesota," 4to.

WiLUAMS, John Flbtchbr. Biographical Sketch of Hon. Alexander
Ramsey, i^Saiut Panl. Syracuse, N. Y., 18d9.
''Memorial History of Saint Paol, Minn.," 4to.

Williams, John Flbtchbr. Biographical Sketch of George'. Angoatas
Hamilton, of Saini Panl. Syracuse, N. Y., 1889.
" Memorial History of Saint Panl, Minn.," 4ta

Williams, John Flbtchbr. Annnal and Biennial Reports of the Minne-
sota Historical Society to the Legislatore of Minnesota, 1867>1887.
Svo, ▼arions imprints.
16 pamphlets.

Wilson, Jambs Grant. Biographical Sketches of IlUnois officers engaged
in the Rebellion of 1861. Chicago, 111., 1862.
8ro, pp. 120, 22 portraits, third edition, 1S68.

Wilson, Jambs Grant. Mr. Secretary Pepys, with Extracts from his
Diary. 1867.

12mo, pp. 312, steel portrait of Pepys, second edition, IMS.

WiiJBON, Jambs Grant. Love in Letters: Illnstrated in the Correspond-
ence of Eminent Persons, with Biographical Sketches of the Writers.
New York, 1867.

12roo, pp. 336, fourth edition, 1870.

Wilson, James Grant. The Life and Campaigns of Ulysses Simpson
Grant, General-in-Chief of the United States Army. New York, 1868.
8vo. pp. 224, third editioo enlarged, 1686.

Wilson, Jabcbs Grant. The Poetical Works of Fitz-Greene Halleck, with
extracts from those of Joseph Rodman Drake. New York, 1869.
Royal 8vo. 12rao, pp. S8B.
Large papec. with additional portraits and illnstrations, 100 copies.

Wilson, Jambs Grant. The Poetical Works of Fitz-Greene Halleok.
New York, 1869.

18mo, pp. 273, portrait.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. 375

W1L8ON, Jauhs Grant. The Life aud Letters of Fitz-Greene Halleck.

New York, 1869.

Boyal 8ro, 12ino, pp. 607, 100 copies.

Large paper, with iDnstratloiia and addittonal portraits.

Wilson, James Grant. A description of the Dedieation of the Monament
Erected at Guilford. Coon., to Fitz-Greene Halleck. New York, 1869.

8to.

Wilson, James Grant. Sketches of Illtutrious Soldiers, with portraits
of William of Orange, Washington, and Wellington. New York, 1874.
12aio, pp.486.

WZLBON, Jambs Grant. The Poets and Poetry of Scotland firam the Ear-
liest to the Present Time. London and New York, 1876.
2 yols., 8to, pp. 550-500, 10,Hteel portraits.

Wilson, Jamks Grant. The Centennial History of t^be Protestant Epis-
copal Church of the Diocese of New York, 1785-1885. New York, 1686.
8vo, pp. 454. 7 steel portraits.

Wilson, James Grant. Bryant and his Friends. Some Reminiscences of
the Knickerbocker Authors. New Yorlc, 1886.

8vo, pp. 448. ,

Illastrated edition on large paper, edition 200 bopies.

Wilson, James Grant. Appletou's Cyelopiedia of American Biography.

New York, 1886-'89. ♦ •

6 vols., 8vo, each vol. pp. 752 (except toI. 6, pp. 800), 16 portraits, 1,000 vignettes.
Also oontrlbated numerous articles to " Appleton*8 American CycloptDdia," and
to *'CliamberB*8 £ucjclopflBdia,"auU abov>e 100 articled to Harper's and oiberAmeu-
can and English magazines. Have also pablished addresses on Colonel John Bay-
ard, Commodore Isaac Hnll, HillarJ Fillmore, Footprints of Columbnii, etc.

Wilson, Woodrow. The State; Elements of Historical and Practical
Politics. A Sketch of Institutional History and Administration. By
Woodrow Wilson, Ph. D., LL. D., Boston: D. C. Heath A Co., 1889.

12010, pp. xxxvi, 086, 1,000 oopios eleotrotyped.

Pablished primarily as a text-book for colleges and universities.

W1N8LOW, WiLUAM COFLET. History and Contents of the Library of the
University of Vermont.

VnivertUy Quarterly Review, July, 1861, pp. 30-48.

WiNSLOW, William Coplkt. Biof^raphical Sketch of Miron Winslow, D.
D., LL. D., founder oF Madras Mission and author of '' Tamil,'' " En-
glish Lexicon."

Ladiee' RepotUory, March, 1865, with portrait.

Winslow, William Copley. Sketches, Genealogical aud Historical, of
Miron Winslow, D. D., LL. D. ; Hubbard Winslow, D. D.; Gordon
Winslow, M. D., D.D.

In "Winslow Memorial." Vol. n, pp. 505-625.

Winslow, William Copley. History aud Contents of Egyptian Depart-
ment of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. Illustrated.
New England Magazine, April, 1880.

Includes antiquities, monumental and artistic, donated to the United States by
the Egypt Exploration Fund, 188a-*00.

Winslow, William Copley. Edward Winslow, the Diplomatist of Ply-
month Colony. With illustrations, etc.
New England Magazine, May, 1890.

376 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

WiNSOB, Justin. History of the Town of Dnxbary, MassibebasettSy with
Genealogical Registen. Boeton : Crosby aud Nicbols, 1819. ^

8vo, pp. 360.

WiKSOR, Justin. Abstracts of the Early Wills iu tbe Probate Office, Ply-
mouth, Mass.

The New England Hialarieal and Oenealogieal Register, J vmmry, 1850, and oontin-
aed in later nurabera

WiNSOR, Justin. Journal of au Expedition against Quebec in 1775, nnder
Col. Benedict Arnold, by Joseph Ware^ of Needham, Mass., to which is
appended Notes (by Justin Winsor) and a Genealogy of the Ware fam-
ily. Prepared for the New England Hi8t4>ricar and Genealogic^al Reg-
ister. Boston, 1852.
Syo, pp. 24.

Winsor, Justin. Columbus. A Bibliographical Note from the Catalogue
of the Ticknor Collection. Boston, Public Library, 1876.

8to, pp. 12.

30 copies printed.

WiNSOB, Justin. The Readers' Handbook of the American BevolatioQ,
1761-1783. Boston, 1880.
JBvo, pp. VI, 328.

WmsoK, Justin. The Memorial History of Boston, inclnding Saffolk
County, Massachusetts, 16:^0-1880. Edited by Justin Winsor. Bos-
ton, 1880-'81.

Poor vols., 8vo, pp. (VoL I) ;ucxii, 506 ; (Vol. u) xni, LVin, 577; (Vol. ui) xili, xii.
601 : (Vol. IV) X, 71.1. Many plntCH and cuts.

Tbe following ch-ipters were written by tbe editor :

In Vol. I : The Earliest Maps of Massacbusetts Bay and Boston Harbor, The Lit-
eratare of tbe Colonial Period.

In Vol. II: Estates. Sites, and Maps of Boston, The Maps of tbe Bevolntionary
Period.

In VoL IV : Libraries in Boston.

The editor also fumisbed supplementary notes to tbe chapters on tbe "Siege of
Boston," on "Life in Boston in the Revolutionary Period," and on "TheTopog-
raphy and Landmarks of the Lant Hundred Years."

Tbe work was intended as a memoriiJ of the two hundred and fiftieth anniver*
sary of the founding of Boston.

WmsoR, Justin. Governor Bradford's MS. History of Plymoutb Planta-
tion. Cambridge, 1881.

8vo.

Reprinted from the Proeeedingt of ths Mauaehutetts Hittorieal Society, Novem-
ber, 1881, Vol. XIX, pp. 106-122.

Winsor, Justin. Massachusetts. Boston, 1882.

16mo.

Subsequently embodied in the " Encyolopasdia Britamiica," ninth edition.

Winsor, Justin. Calendar of the Arthur Lee Manuscripts in the Library
of Harvard University. Edited by Justin Winsor, Cambridge, 1882.

8vo, pp. 43.

Being No. 8 of the Bibliographical Contributions of the Library of Harvard Uni-
versity.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — FORD. . v 377

W1N8OR, JusTiN. Bibliography of Ptolemy's Geography. Cambridgeyl884.

8vo, pp. 42.

Being No. 18 of tbe Bibliographical Contribntions of the Library of Harvard Uni-

▼eniity. Comparieons are made of tbe Am^nrican maps in ancceeslre editions of

Ptolemy, with other contemporary manuacript and pnbliahed maps in order to show

V the relations of the printed editions ot that book to th^ development of early Ameri-

eaa cartography.

W1N8OK, Justin, fhe Kohl Collection of Early Maps. Cambridge, 1886.
8vo, pp. 70. .

Being No. 10 of the Bibliographical Contribntions of the library of Howard Uni-
versity. This is a detailed description of 474 maps of the American Continent,
mostly early ones, gathered in copies by Dr. John Q. Kohl, for tbe U. S. Coast Sur-
vey, thirty years ago, and now preserved in the Department of .State at Washing-
ton. Nnmferons other maps, omitted from want of knowledge or for other reasons
by Kohl, are described in their proper places in the lists.

WiNSOR, Justin. AmericaDa.

Atlantie Monthly, March, 1886, vol. Lvu, pp. 317-26.

A brief history of the fashion of collecting books on American History. This
paper was in effect a synopsis of a more extended exposition of the snbject given
later in the introduction of vol. i of the "Narrative and Critical History of
America."

WiNSOR, Justin. The Narrative and Critical History of America. £d-
• ited by Justin Winsor. Boston, 1886-^89.

Royal Bvo^ and folio editions, in 8 vols.

Vol. L Aboriginal America, pp. xxxviii, 470.. Mr. Wlnsor contributed the sec-
'tlons: "Americana in X«ibraried and Bibliographies." "Early Descriptions of
. America, H^nd Collective Accountsof the Sarly Voyages thereto,'* " Pre-Columbian
Bxplorations," "Cartography of Greenland," "Mexico and Central America,"
The Critical Essay on "The Bed Indians of North America" (with George K.
Ellis, D. D.), ' ' The Progress of Opinion respecting tbe Orgin and Antiquity of Mau
in America, " " Bibliography of Aboriginal America, " "The Comprehensive Treat-
ises on American Antiquities," Bibliographical Notes on "Tbe Industries and
Trade of the American Aborigines, " on "American Linguistics," on the "Myths
and Religions of America," and on "Archaeological Museums and Periodicals."

YoL II. Spanish Explorations and Settlements in America from the Fifteenth to
the Seventeenth Century, pp. x, x, MO. Mr. Winsor contributed the sections :
" Docamentiiry Sources of Early Spanish- American History," "Columbus and his
Discoveries." ** The Earliest Maps of the Spanish and Portuguese Discoveries,"
" VespuciuB nnd the Naming of America," " Biblioj^raphy of Panponius Mela, So-
linus, Vadianns, and Aplanus," "Early Cartography of the Gulf of Mexico,"
"Cortes and his Companions," " Discoveries on the Pacific Coast of North Amer-
ica," and " The Amazon and El Dorado."

Vol. HI. English Explorations and Settlements in North America, 1497-1889, pp.
XII, 578. Mr. Winsor contributed the sections: " Notes on Hawkins and Drake."
"The Zeno Influence on Early Cartography," " Maps of Virginia," " Earliest En-
glish Publications on America," " Early Maps of New England."

VoLiv. French Explorations and Settlements in North America, and those of
s the Portuguese, Dutch, and Swedes, 1500-1700, pp. x, xxx, 516. Mr. Winsor con-
. tribnted the sections : " Maps of the Eastern Coast of North America. 1500-'35,"
" Cariograph of the Northeaat Coast of North America, 1535-1909," '* Joliet, Mar-
quette, and La Salle." "Father Louis Hennepin," "The Jesuit ReUtions," "At-
lases and Charts of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries," and " Maps of the
Seventeenth Century showing Canada."

VoL v. The English and French in North America, 1889-1763, pp. vn, 649. Mr.
Winsor contributed the sections : " Cartography of Louisiana and the Mississippi
Basin under the French Domination," " New England, 1689-1763," "Maryland and
Virginia, " " Tbe Sources of Carolina History," " Tbe French and Indian Wars of
New England and Acadia. 1688-1763," "Map and Bounds of Acadia," and "The
Struggle for tbe Great Valleys of North America."

378 ▲M£BIGAN HIETOBICAL ASSOCIATION.

' ToL TL The U»itod Stales of Korth Amerioa, Part X, pp. vlk, 777. Kr. Wlator
oQDtiibiited the sections : "The Conflict PreoipiUted, 1762-1776. " " The Sentiment '
of Independaaee," " Notes on the Straggle for the Hudson, '* '* Notes on the Stmx-
gle lor the Delaware/' " The Treason of Aniol^.'* *' Eventalu the North, 177d-'81,"
"Notes on the Naral History of the American Bevolntion/' and "The Clooiug
SooMs of the War."

Vol vii. The United States of North America, P4rt ;i, pp. vii, 010. Mr. Win-
■or con^tribated the sections : '' Notes on the Fisheries and the Northern Bound-
ary Controversies of the United States," " The Confederation," ** Notes ou the Con-
stitutional History of the United Sutea," " Critiosl Essay on the History of Po-
Utieal Parties," "Ind^ Treaties and Wars," *'Not«s on the l>iplomacy of the
United States." ''Territorial Acquisitions and Divisions of the United Stetee*
(with Prof. Edward Channfaig), and " ThaPortralts of Wsshington."

ToL VIII. The Later History of British, Spanish, and Portuguese Ameiloa, pp. vm,
SB6. Mr. Winsor contiibuted the sections : "Note on the Hudson B^y Company,"
"Critical Notes on Arctic Explorations in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centu-
ries." "Note on Newfoundland," "Spanish North America," "The West Indies
and the Spanish Main," " The Bibliography of Brasil," "Notes on La Plata, Qui-
ana, etc.," "The Historical Choiography of South America," " The Manuscript
Sources of the History of the United States of AmericSi with partiofUar reference
to the American Bevolution," "Comprehensive Printed Authorities upon- the
General and upon some Special Phases of the History of the United States," and
a "Chronological Conspectus of American History."

Nearly all the other contributors to this history are members of the American
Historical Association.

Winsor, Justin. Report to the LegialAtare of MaasachuBetts made by the
Commisttioners upon the condition of the reoords, files, papen, and
doonmente in the Secretary's Department. Boston, 1885.
Svo, pp. 42. ^ *

The Commission consists of the Secretary of the Commonwealth with finir
others, Mr. Winsor being one ; and on him devolyed the writing of the report.
The recommendations of the report were adopted and the Commission continued to
carry them out. The archives are now undergoing arrangement and cataloguing
and Indexing. When this is done, printing will probably begin.

Winsor, Justin. Two brief Papers: being '*Tbe Abandoned Boston;"
** The extent ot the Continental line of the Bevolationary Army Mis-
conceived." Cambridge, 1S86.

8vo, pp. 10.

Reprinted ftom the Proeeedingt qf th€ MauachutiUt Hittorieal 5oete^, J'anuary,
1880.

Winsor, Justin. Arnold's Expedition Against Quebec, 1775-1776. The
Diary of Ebenezer Wild, with a list of such diaries. - Cambridge, 1886.

8vo, pp. 12.

Reprinted from the Proesedingt of the MoMOchtuetU HUtorical Society, April,
1886.

Winsor, Justin. The Mayflower town. An address at the two hundred
and fiftieth anniversary of the incorporation of the town of Dax))nry,
Mass., June 17, 1887. Cambridge, 1887.
8vo, pp. 3Sl

Also contained in "The two hundred and fiftieth annivemary of the settlement
of Duxbniy, June, 17, 1887. Plymouth, 1887."

The title of the address was given because at the time of the incorporation' of
Duzbury the larger part of the Majflower passengers, then surviving, were its in-
habitants.

BIBLIOGBAP^Y — ^PORD. % 379

WlKSOB, Jdbtik. The Maansoript Soaroes of Amertoaa HiBtory, an ad-
dreas givtia »bj the President before the American HiBtorioal Associa-
tion, Boston, May 21, 1887. New York, 1887.

Reprinted from the Magazine of Amenean Butory; sl«o, in the Proeeedingt of
th§ Ameritan Hiitorieal AMioeiation.

Thia was a popular. exponftion of the resolta t^mbodied. later more At length in
the appendU of Vol. viii of the " Narrative and Critical Hlatory of America."

WiNSOR, Justin. Kotes on the Sptirions Letters of Montcalm, 1759. Cam-
bvidge, 1887.
8vo, pp. 6.

Imprinted flrora the Proeetdingt of the MaeeaehusettM Hiitorieal Society, Janiiar5',
1887.

WiN&OB, Justin. £lder William Brewster, of the Mayflower, his books
and untograph ; with other notes. Cambridge, 1887.
8vo, pp. 17.
Keprinted flrom the Proceeding* of the ManaekueetU Hiatorical Soeiety, March,

1867.

WiNSOR, Justin. English Historical Keyiew, London, 1887, etc. Mr.
Winsor is the American editor.

WiNSOR, Justin. Record of the Commemoration, 5-8 Nov., 1886, on the
two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Harvard Col-
lege. [Edited by Justin Winsor.] Cambridge, 1887.

8to, pp. 820.

Winsor, Justin. The Cartographical History of the Northeastern Bound-
ary Controversy, between the United States and Great Britain. Cam-
bridge, 1887.
8vo. pp. 2i.

Reprinted (hmi the Proceeding* of the MaeeaehueetU Hiatorical Boeiet^, Octoher,
1887.

This containa tome material, particularly a paper by Egbert fienaon, stating the
ftroundt of tl>e Commission in 17M for determining the identity of the St. Croix
rirer, whicl^ was not transferred to the section on the subject in the seventh
volume of the "Narratim and Critical History of America."

■

Winsor, Justin. The French War papers of the Marshal de L^vis, de-
scribed by the Abb^ Casgrain, with comments by Francis Parkman
aud Justin Wiusor. Cambridge, 1888.
8vo, pp.11. •

Reprinted fh>m the Proceeding* qf the Maeaachueett* Hittorieal Society, April;
1888.

The papers referred to are now in press, by the Provincial government of Qne-
bee
WiNSOR, Justin. Calendar of the Sparks Manuscripts in Harvard College
Library, with an Appendix showing other Manuscripts. Cambridge,
1889.

8vo, pp. 88.

No. 22, of !he Bibliographical contributions of Harvard College Library.
These papers are mainly copies from the general and State archives of the
United States; from family papers in America and Bugland, and from the archives
of Eai-opean countries. Only a few of them originals, like the paper of Six Francis
Bernard and such autograph specimens of distinguished men of the American Revo-
lution, as Sparl&R was allowed to keep as memorials ; taken from the Washington
manuscripts

The collection of manuscript maps, some of them originals of tho French and
Bevolutionary War, was considered as belonging to S()arks's library and went
with that collection to Coraell Uniwrslty. The Sparks family still retains the
historian's journals and personal correspondence.

380 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

WiNTHROP, Robert Charles. Au Address Delivered before the New Eng-
land Society in the City of New York, December 23, 1839. By Robert
C. Winthrop. Boston : Pablished by Perkins &. Marvin. New York :
Gould, Newman &: Saxton, 1840.

•8vo, pp. 00.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. An Addtess Delivered before the Boston
Mercantile Library Association, on the Occasion of their Twenty-fifUi
Anniversary, October 1.5, 184.5. By Robert C. Winthrop. Boston :
Press of T. R. Marvin, 34 Congress Street, 1845.
8vo,pp.38. (1). *

Winthrop, Robrkt Charles. Oration Pronounced by the Honorable
Robert C. Winthrop, Speaker of the House of Representatives of the
United States, on the Fourth of July, 1848, on the occasion of laying
the corner-stouo of the National Monument to the Memory of Washing-
ton. With an Introduction and an Appendix. Published by order of
the National Monument Society. Washington : J. & O. S. Gideon,
printers, 1848.

8vo, pp. 67.

Thitt contains the proceedings at the laying of the comer-fitone.
An edition was printed, with the aame title page, in 18S3, by John Wilson Sl
Son, being a reprint of the oration, pp. 23.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Au Address Delivered before the Maine
Historical Society, at Bowdoin Collef^e, on the afternoon of the An-
nual Commencement, September 5, 1849. By Robert C. Winthrop.
Boston : Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, 1849.
8ro, pp. 68.

An address on the life and character of James Bowdoin, of which a second
edition was published under the title " The Life and Services of James Bowdoin,"
in 1876.

Winthrop^ Robert Charles. Addresses and Speeches on Various Occa-

jsions. By Robert C. Winthrop. Vol. I. Boston: Little, Brown and

Company, 1652.
8to, pp. xii, 773.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Archimedes and Franklin. A Lecture in-
trodnctory to a Course on the Application of Science and Art, delivered
before the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, Novem-
ber 29, 1853. By Robert C. Winthrop. Boston : Press of T. R. Marvin,
42 Congress Street, 1854.

8to, pp. 47.

Second edition.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Algernon Sidney : ^Leetnre delivered be-
fore the Boston Mercantile Library Association, December 21, 18&3.
By Robert C. Winthrop. Boston : S. K. Whipple «& Co., 100 Washing-
ton Street, 1854.
8vo, pp. 4.1

Winthkop, Robert Charles. Address of the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop,
on the Occasion of tbe Laying of the Corner-Stone of the Public Library
of tbe City of Boston, on the 17th of September, 1855. Boston : Dnt-
ton and Wentworth, printers, No. 37 Congress Street, 185r>.

8vo, pp. IL *

BIBLIOGRAPHY — POHV. 381

WiMTHROP, Robert Charles. Oration at the Inaugnration of the Statue
of Benjamiu Franklin, in his native city, Sept. 17, 1856. By Hon.
Robert C Winthrop. Boaton : Press of T. R. Marvin, 42 Congress

Street, 1856.
* 8To.pp.28. f

Winthrop. Robert Charles. An Address Delivered at the Mnsic Hall,
Boston^ in aid of the Fund for Ball's Bquestrian Statne of Washington,
on the evening of May 13, 185U. By Robert C. Winthrop. Boston:
Little, Brown and Company, 1859.
8vp.pp.60, (1). •

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Memoir of the Hon. Nathan Appleton,
LL. D. Prepared agreeably to a resolution of the Mas^achosetts His-*
torical Society. By Robert C. Winthrop. With an introdnction and
appendix. Boston : Printed by John Wilson and Son, 22 School Street,

. 1861.

8to, pp. (3) 70, one plain.

Reprinted from the Froceedingi, vol. v, 249-308.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Life and Letters of John Winthrop, Gov-
ernor of the MassHchn setts Bay Company at the Emigration to New
England, 1630. By Robert C. Winthrop. Boston : Ticknor and Fields,
1864.

8to, pp. lii, 452, six plates.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Life andLettersof John Winthrop. From
his Embarkation for New England in 1630, with the Charter and Com-
pany of the Massachusetts Bay, to his Death in 1649. By Robert C.
Winthrop. Boston : Ticknor and Fields, 1867.
8vo, pp. XV, 483, two plates.

Winthrop. Robert Charles. Life and Letters of John Winthrop, Qov-
emor of the Massachusetts Bay Company at their Emigration to New
England, 1630. By Robert O. Winthrop. Vol. I, Second Edition.
With additional letters. Boston : Little, Brown and Company, 1869.
8ro, pp. xii, 452, six plates.

WiKTHUop, Robert Charles. Life and Letters of John Winthrop. From
his Embarkation for New England in 1630, with the Charter and Com-
pany of the Massachusetts Bay, to his Death in 1649. By Robert C.
Winthrop. Vol. II, Second Edition. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company, 1869.

8vo, pp. xr, 483, two plates.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Tribute to the Memory of Edward Everett.
By Robert C. Winthrop. Boston : Privately printed, 1865.
8vo, pp. 21.

Winthrop^ Robert Charles. Addresses and Speeches on Various Occa-
sions, from 1852 to 1867. By Robert C, Winthrop. Vol. II. Boston :
'Little, Brown and Company, 1867.

8vo, pp. xiii« 725.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Introductory Lecture to the Course on the
Early History of Massachusetts, by Members of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society, at the Lowell Institute, Boston. Delivered January 5,

382 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCfATION.

ISB9, by Robert C. Wintbrop, President of tbe Society. Boston : Press
of John Wil>on and Son, 1869

8vo, pp. 27.

Reprinted from the "Leotnrea.'* pp. 1-27.

WuvTHRoi% Robert Charles. 'Enlo^y pronounced at the Faneral of
George Peab4»dy, at Peabody, MaNsachasetts, 8 Febnuuy, liJ70^ By
Robert C. Wintbrop. Boston : Press of John Wilsoa and Son, 1670.

8vo, pp. 25.

A second edition was printed, pp. 28, whieb was iasued also \A Urgp pap«rt tventy-
four copies privately printed.

WiNTHROP, Robert Ciiables. Oration on tbe Two Hnndred and Fiftieth
Anuiversary of the Landing of tbe Pilgrim Fathers at Plymontb, 21
December, 1870. By Hon. Robe^rt C. Wintbrop, LL. D., President of
tbe Maesaobnsetts Historioal Society. Boston : Press of John Wilson
and Son.

8ro, pp. 87.

There is a large paper edition, twenty-fonr oopies privately pristed, pp. 93 (I).

WiNTHBOP, Robert C. Tbe Proceedings at the Celebration by tbe Pil-
grim Society at Plymouth, December 21, 1870, of tbe Two Hundred
and Fi ftietb Anniversary of tbe Landing of tbe Pilgrims. Cambridge :
Press of John Wilson & Son, 1871.

8TO,pp.208. I

Oration by Hon. Robert C. Wintbrop, pp. 24-108.

WiNTiiuop, Robert Charles. Letters of Mrs. Lucy Downing, 16*26-1674 .

With a preface containing some account of her distinguished son, Sir

George Downing, Bart^ Boston : Press of John Wilson and Son, 1871.

Reprinted fVom tbe OoUeetiont t^f the Mauach%tMeit» Hittwical Society, fiftbteriee.

Vol. I, Sro, pp. xxxi-XLrv' (1), 03.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Address at tbe Dedication of the New
Town Hall of Brookline, on tbe 22d of February, 1873. By Hon. Rob-
ert C. Winthrop. Cambridge : Press of John Wilson and Sou, 1873.

8vo, pp. 42.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Oration on the Centennial Anniversary of
tbe Declaration of Independence, delivered in the Music Hall, at the
request of the City Oovemment, Boston, 4 July, 1876. By Robert C.
Winthrop. Boston ; Press of John Wilson and Son, 1876.

8vo, pp. 56.

WiNTHUOP, Robert Charles. Address at the Unveiling of the Statne of
Daniel Webster in tbe Central Park, New York, 25 November, 1876. By
Robert C. Wiuthrop. Boston : Press of John Wilson and Son, 1876.

8vo, pp. 14.

Winthrop. Robert Charles. Oration Delivered before the City Council
and Citizens of Boston on the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Dec-
laration of Independence, July 4, 187G. By Hon. Robert C. Winthrop,
LL. D. , President of tUe Massaohnsetts Historical Society. [City Seal].
Boston: Printed by order of the City Council, 1876.

8vo, pp. 96.

Tbie is a Urge paper copy, of wliicb fifty copies were privately printed.

There is another edition in octavo form.

BIBLIOORAPHY-=-PORD. 383

WiNTHROP, BoBKRT Chablbs. Washinfi^toni Bowdoia, and Fru^klio, aa
Portrayed ia Occasional Addresses. • By Robert C. Winthrop. With a
few brief pieces on kindred topics, and with notes and illnstratious.
Boston : Little, Brown and Company, 187^.

8vo, pp. 1^ 7 platM.

WiNTHROP, Robert Charles. The Life and Service of James Bbwdoin.
By Robert C. Wtnthrop. Seoond edition. With additions and notett.
Priyately printed. Boston : Press of John Wilson and Sou, 1876.
8y«, pp. 50.

An addroBs deh^ored before the Maine Hifitorie»l Society, at Bowdoin College,
on the afternoon of the annual oommenoement, September 5, 1849.

W^iNTHROP, Robert Charles. Memoir of the Hon. John H. Clifford, LL.
D. Prepared agreeably to a resolution of the Massachosetta Historical
Society. By Robert C. Winthrop, President. Boston : Printed by John
Wilson and Son.

8vo, pp. 30, 1 plate.

Reprinted from the Proc0edingt, Vol. xv. pp. 888-^79^ 1877.

Wikthrop, Robert Charles. Addresses and Speeches on Variona Occa-
sions, from 1869 to 1879. By Robert C. Winthrop. Vol. IIL Boston :

Little, Brown and Company, 1878.
Svo, pp. zv, 566.

Winthrop, Robert Charlbs. Correspondence of H4rtlib, Haak, Olden-
burg, and others of the founders of the Royal Society, with Governor
Winthrop of Connecticut, 1661-1672. With i^n Introduction and Notes
by Robert C. Winthrop, LL. El., President of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society. Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Society. Bos-
ton : Press of John Wilson and Son, 1878.

Svotpp.-**.

Reprinted from Proetedingt, xvi, pp. *20e-^l.

Winthrop, Robbrt Charlbs. Boston Founded, 163^1649. By the Hon.

Robert C. Winthrop, LL. D., President of the Massachusetts Historical

Society.

The Memorial History of Boston, edited by Justin Winsor. VoL 1, 1880. 8vo, pp.
99-140.

Winthrop, . Robert Charles. Memoir of Henry Clay. By Robert C.
Winthrop. Prepared at the request of the New^ England Historic-
Genealogical Society, and privately reprinted from their forthcoming
volume of memoirs. Cambridge : John Wilson and Son, University
Press, 188J.

8vo, pp. (2) 39.

Reprinted from tlie " Memorial Biographies," Vol. i, pp. 357-39S.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Personal Recollections of Baron Pietro
Eroofe Visconti. By Robert C. Winthrop. [Privately printed from
Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, October 21, 1880. ]
Worcester: Press of Chas. Hamilton, 311 Main Street, 1881.

8vo, pp. 8.

Beprioted from Proeesdingt, pp. S2-57.

384 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

WixTHROP, Robert Charles. Proceedings of the Bunker Hill Monn-
nieut Association at the Annual Meetinfl^ June 17, 1881. With t^e ad-
dress of the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop at the Inanguration of the Statue
of Colonel William Prescott, and a Notice of Oscar de Lafayette.
Boston : Bunker Hill Monument Associatiouy 1881.
8vo^ pp. 74, 3 plates.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Oration on the Hundredth Anniversary of
the Sarrender of Lord Coniwallis to the combined force of America and
France, at York town, Virginia, 19th October, 1781. Delivered at York-
town, 19th October, 1881. By Robert C. Winthrop. Boston: Little,
Brown and Company, 1881.

8vo, pp. (3) 73.

A second edition was printed.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. The Portraits of John Hampden in the
Executive Mansion at Washington, and of Lafayette, in the Hall of
the House of Representatives of the United "States. By Robert C.
Winthrop. [Privately reprinted from the Proceedings of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society, Jnne 9 and Sept. 8, 1881.] Boston : Uni-
versity Prcjis, John Wilson and Son, 1881.

8vo, pp. 17.

Reprinted ftvm the ProeeedingM^ YoL xvui, pp. 436^444, and Yol xix, pp. 55-50.

Winthrop, Robert 'Charles. Address at the Unveiling of the Statue of
Colonel William Prescott, on Bunker Hill, June 17, 1881. By Robert
C. Winthrop. Cambridge: John Wilson and Son, University i^ress,
1881.

, 8vo, pp. 33t 2 plates.
Delivered before the Bunker Hill Monument Association.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Proceedings of the Bunker Hill Monu-
ment Association at the Annual Meeting, June 18, 1883. With the
address of Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, President Association. Boston :
Bunker Hill Monument Association, 1883.

8vo, pp. 53, (1).

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Proceedings of the Bunker Hill Monu-
ment Association at the Annual Meeting, June 17, 1884. With tho
address of Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, President of the Association.
Boston : Bunker Hill Monument Association, 1884.

8vo, pp. 42,(1).

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Oration on the Completion of the National
Moaiittient to Washington, agreeably to the Appointment of Congress,
February 21, 1885. By Hon. Robert C. Winthrop. Boston: Little,
Brown and Company, 1885.
8to, pp. V, 30.

A second edition was printed, pp. ▼, 39, (1), and a large paper edition of the same,
of whicli there were 27 copies.

Winthrop, Robert Charles. Addresses and Speeches on Various Occa-
sions, from 1878 to 1886. By Robert C. Winthrop. Boston : Little,
Brown and Company, 1886.

8vo, pp. xvi, 620.

This is Tolame iv.

BIBLIOGRAPHY — ^FORD. 385

Wright, Carroll Davidson. Strikes in Massachusetts, 1830-1880. From
the Eleventh Annual Report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics
of Labor, fbr 1880. Boston : Wright and Potter Printing Company,
State Printers, 1880. Reprinted hi 1889. Publisher: Massachusetts
Bureau of Statistics of Labor.^

8vo, pp. 73.

Editions, 4,500 copies.

Wright, Carroll Davidson. The Industries of the Last One Hundred
Years. £dit«d by Justin Winsor.'- Boston : Jas. R. Osgood &. Co.,

1881.

Memoritd HUtory qf Boiton, Chapter ni, pp. 25, Vol. iv.

Mr. Horace G. WsdUn was associated with Mr. Wright in this work.

Wright, Carroll Davidson. History of Wages and Prices in Massachu-
setts, 1752-1883. From the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Massachu-
setts Bureau of Statistics of Labor, for 1885. Boston : Wright and Pot-
tor Printing Company, State Printers, 1885. Reprinted in 1889. Pub-
lisher: Mitesaoliusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor.

8vo, pp. 313.
Editions, 5,500 copies.

Wright, Carroll Davidson. The Factory System of the United States.
From Volume II, *' Reports on the Tenth Census of the United States."
Washington: Gov^t printing OfiSee, 1884. Publisher; Census Office,
Department of the Interior.

4to, pp. 78, 17 plates.

Edition, 24,500 copies.

Wright, Carroll Davidson. History of Inventions and Discoveries, and
Processes in Manufactures. Being a brief history of the inventions and
discoveries which have in any largo degree aflfect>ed man's progress.
Edited by Charles E. Beale, A. M. Boston : Qateley & Co., 1886.
GaUley't World' » Progrus.

Wright, Carroll Davidson. An Historical Sketch of the Knights of
Lal^or. Bpston: George H. Ellis, 1887.

Quarterly Journal of Economies for Janaary, 1867, 8vo. pp. 34.

Wright, Carroll Davidson. The Custody and Condition of the Public
Records of Parishes, Towns, and Counties in Massachusetts. Boston :
.Wright and Pottei Printing Company, State Printers, 1889. Publisher :
Massachusetts Commissioner of Records.

8vo, pp. 379.
Edition, 2,000 copies.

Wright, Carroll Davidson. Strikes and Lookouts in the United States
from 1881 to 1^86, inclusive, with a history of strikes and lockouts in
the United States prior to 1881, being the Third Annual Report (if the
Commissioner of Labor, for 1887. Washington : Government Printing
OfiSce, 1888. Publisher : U. S. Department of Labor.
8vo, pp. 1172.
Edition, 64,000 copies.

Thirty or more official reports which I have published coutaiji raore or less his.
torical matter.

S. Mis. 170 25

386 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

WniGHT, Marcus Joseph. Reminiscences of tbe Early Settlement and
Early Settlers of McNairy Conuty, Tennessee. Washington, D. C. :
Commercial Pub. Co., 1882.

pp. 89, 15 platea.

GOO copies.

Wright, Marcus Joseph. Some account of the Life and Services of Will-
iam Bloant, an Officer of the Revolationary Army, Member of the Con-
tinental Congress and of the convention which framed the Constitation
of the United States ; al8o Governor of the Territory south of the Ohio
River, and Senator in Congress U. S., 1783-1797, together with, a fbll
account of his impeachment and trial in Congress and his expulsion
from the U. S. Senate. Washington, D, C. : E. J. Gray, publisher, 1884.

pp. 142, pUte.
1,000 copied.

Wright, Marcus Joseph. The Lee Book. Memoirs of Robert £. Lee,
by General A. L. Long. A full history of his military seryico and
campaigns, written by General Long, from data collected while a
member of the personal staff of General LVie, and from letters and
material contributed by the Lee Family. Commended by the Gov-
ernors of Va. and N. C, and approved by the Southeru delegations in
Congress. His private, domestic and personal history, from informa-
tion heretofore unpublished, furnished by iiersonal friends, compan-
ions in arms, and leading men of the South, collated and edited with
the assistance of General Marcus J. Wright. Washington : J. M.
Stoddart, 1886.
8vo.

Wright, Marcus Joseph. The Battle of Belmont.

Southern Huiorifal So<^€ty Paper*, Bichmond, Va., 1888.

Wright, Marcus Joseph Genealogical Sketches of the Wright and
Womack Families in Vol. iv, part ii. Albany, N. Y. : Joel Munsell die
Sons, PubliHhers, IBrfi).
American Aneettry.

Wright, Marcus Joseph. Sketch of Edward Augustus Duke of Kent,
published for private distribution. Richmond Va. : Wm. Ellis Jones,
publisher, 1H89.
pp. 12,200 copies.

Also biographical sketches of Governor I sham G. Harris, and Governor .Taraefl
T). Porter, of Tcnnesseo, General DiUiiel H. Reynolds, of Arkansas, in Katicnnl
lUuntrated Magazine, Washinj^tou, D. C, 1887, various biofniiphioal and historical
sketches in magazines and newspapers.

WRKtHT, Marcus Joseph. Trial of John Brown. A Review of *' Osa-
watoinie^' lirown, the Insurrectionint, in reply to the criticism of Dr.
Herniau Von llolst. Richmond, Va. : W. Ellis Jones, 1889.
8vo, pp. S, 250 copies, privately printed.

Yager, Arthur. Grotius and his Epoch-Making Book.

Overland Monthly Magazine, Vol. Ill, 8vo, pp. 1-S, No. 1. January, 18S1.

Yager, Arthur. Die Finanzpolitik im nordamerikanischen Blirgerkrieg.
ZexUekriftfiir di» getammte Staatstnt»entcha/t, Vol. 42. Na 1, 8vo, pp. 1-23. Tiib>
ingeu, 1886.

INDEX.

Abbe, CleTelttid, 96, 9a
Abbott, John S. C, 297.
Abbott, Jo8iahB.,253.
Abert, Gen. J. J., 111.
Abolitionists, constitational princi-
ples of, 285.
Acadia, 344.
Acadian French expelled ftom Noya

Bcotia, 181.
Acadie, Dutch settlement of, 217.
Acropolis of Athens, 209.
• Adams, Charles Dickinson, 167.
Adams. Charles F., Jr., 164.
Adams, Charles Francis, bibliography

of, 163.
Adams, Charles Kendall, 1, 6.

bibliography of, 163.

inaugnral address on Historical
work in Universities, 6, 19.
Adams, Gfreorge Bnrton, 23.

bibliography of, 164.
Adams, Henry, 21, 92.

bibliography of, 164.

History of United States by, 75.
Adams, Pro! Herbert B., 1, 16, 18,
19, 60, 62.

bibliography of, 165.

on instruction in history, 22.
Adams, Prof. H. C, 1.
Adams, John, 56, 71, 240.

address on, 204.

pnblic career of, 347.
Adams, John Quincy, 243, 342.

member of Colombian Institute,
76, 78.

on a national university, 100.
Adams, Samuel, 243.
Adams, Sherman Wolcott, bibliogra-
phy of, 167.
Adams, Thomas, fiimily of, 165.
Adams, William, descendants of, 181.

Adler^ Dr. Cyrus, bibliography of,

168.
African slave trade, 284.
Agassiz, Professor, 124. .
Agawame plantation, 196.
Agricultural colleges, 146, 148.
Agricultural education, address on,

368.
Agricultural experiment stations, 163.
Agriculture, Department of, 115, 116.

First Commissioner of, 116.

in the Kiddle Ages, 172.

scientific, 163.
Air-ship, its influence on travel, 363.
Aix-la- Chapel] e, earthquake at, 329.
Alabama, State college in, 151.

Historical Society, 151.

claims, adjustment of, 285.
Alaska, 338.

Historical Society, 152.

History of, 188.
Alaskan boundary question, 180.
Aloott, Louisa May, 281.
Alden, Miss Maria Weed, 1.
Aldrich, Hon. Cyrus, 372.
Alexander family of Virginia, 252.
Allan, William, bibliography of, 170.
Allen, J. H., Latin text books by,

171.
Allen, Professor, 6.
Allen, T. P., 170.
Allen, William Francis, bibliography

of, 170.
Almanacs, early Philadelphia, 329.
Alsace, French conquest of, 182.
Altaic hieroglyphs, 169.
America, colonization of, 244.

discovery of, by Northmen, 2^.
328.

discovery of, pre-Columbian, 177,
363.

387

388

INDEX.

America, early maps of, 329.
English colonization of, 313.
Narrative and Critical History of,

377.
North,' JeBults in, in seventeenth

century, 319.
stories of exploration of, 244t
Amettcan Academy of Arts and Sci-
ences, 156.
origin of, 56.
Americsn Anatomical Society, 113.
American Antiquarian Society, 189.
bibliography of, 318.
library and cabinet of, 189,, 317.
report of council of, 318.
American Church and African slave

trade, 284.
American Church, caste and slavery

in, 284.
American colonies as penal settle-
ments, 350.
American Commonwealths, 234, 283.

296.
American Dialect Society, 113.
American diplomacy, 347.
from 1789 to 1850, 180.
American Educational History, 167.
American Folk Lore Society, 113.
American Geographical Society, 113.
American Geological Society, 113.
American Historical Association, 113.
annual meeting of, 1.
authorized to deposit collections in

Smithsonian Institution, 18.
bibliography of members of, 163.
officers for 1890, 17.
papers of, 283, 296, 310.
publications of, 18.
American History, first book in, 230.
manuscript sources of, 379.
methods of teaching, 266.
American Institute of Mining Engi-
neers, 113.
American journalism, 343.
American Journal of Science, when
founded, 93.

American literature, Tyler's history
of, 342.

American Meteorological Society, 113.

American Metrological Society, 113.
American Museum of Art, 71.
American nationality, articles on,333,
American Oriental Society, 113.
American Philological Association,
, 113.

American Philosophical Society, 108.

formation of, 54.
American Physiological Society, 113.
American prayer-book, 272.
American Revolution, history of, 187.

reader's hand-book of. 376.

Society of Sons of, 66.

{See Revolutionary War. )
American rights in Behring Sea, 180.
American secession and State rights,
265.

American Society for Promoting Use-
ful Knowledge, 54.

American Society of Geologists and*
Naturalists, 111.

American Society of Naturalists, 113.

American Society of Psychical Re-
search, 113. *

American States, 339.

American Statistical Association, 261.

Amerigo Vespucci, 243.

Amherst College, State appropriations
to, 156. .

Amherst, Mass., records of, 282.
Amistad, the captors of the, 186.
Amsterdam, study of history at, 31.
Anabasis, Xenophou'S, 294.
Anderson, Dr. James, 63.
Anderson, Joseph, bibliography of,
174.

Anderson, Rasmus Bjom, bibliogra-
phy, 176.

Andover, North, Mass., history of,
306. .

Andre, Major, life of, 343.
Andrew, John A., 243.
Andrews, Dr. Charles M., 1.
Andrews, Elisha Benjamin, bibliog-
raphy of, 179.
Andrew?, Fannie, 253.
Andrews, Col. Garnett, 253.
Andrews, Judge Garnett, 253.

INDEX.

389

Andrews, Dr. W. G., 1.

bibliography of, 179.

Andrews family of Virginia, 252.

Andros Government, Che, 168.

Angell, James B., 18.
bibliography of, 179.

Anglo-Saxon law, essays on, 1G4.

Anglo-Saxons, ranks and classes
among, 171.

Animal products, statistics of, 245,
246.

Anthony, Henry B., 279.

Anthropophagy, C. W. Darling on,
210.

Antietam. battle of, 218.
national cemetery at, 285.

Antiquarian's scrap-books, 309.

Antiqaarian Society, American, re-
port of council of, 257.

Anti-slavery, opinions on, 330.

Anville, Johann von, 241.

Appleton, Hon. Nathan, memoir of,
381.

Appleton, Samuel, of Ipswich, 180.

Appleton, William Sumner, bibliog-
raphy of, 180.

Appleton family, genealogy of, 180.

Appomattox, Ya. , surrender at, 199.

Appomattox Conrt-House, 224.

Arabian campaign of Sardanapalus,
275. ' .

Arber, Edward, 240.

Archa^logical Institute of America,
113. ,

Arcbeeolo^ in schools at Athens, 41.

Archbishop of Sorrentq, 4.

Archibald, Sir Adams G., bibliogra-

' phy of, 191. .

Architecture, Danish, in middle ages,
328.

Arctic explorations, 344.

Arizona^ history of, 188.
State college in, 152.

Arkansas, State college in, 152.

Arkansas Historical Society, 152.

Army ol the Potomac, History of
Third Corps, 2ia

Arnold's collection of birds and in-
sects, 56, 57.

Arnold's expedition against Quebec,
376, 378.

Art and artists of Ohio, 338.

Artists in Cincinnati, 308.

Aryans, origin ol the, 196.

Ascoli of Milan, 34.

Asia and Africa, stone age in, 329.

Asiatic history, 263.

Assyria and Babylonia, modern re-
searches in, 275.

Assyria, its Princes, Priests, and Peo-
ple, 169.

Assyrian study of the Bible, 168.

Assyriology, history of, 275.
in Japan, 169.

Astronomical Observatory, National,
101.

Atkins, C. G., 247.

Atkinson, William Parsons, bibliog-
raphy of, 182.

At water, Pmf. W. O., 117, 151.

Atwood, David, biography of, 354.

Augusta, Ga., history of, 293.

Augustus, notes on a den^rins of, 329.

Austria, territorial development in,
171.

Avery, Dr. E. M., 1.

Aztecs, methods of making obsidian
implements, 329.

Babson, Hon. John J., memoir of, 345.

Babylonian ark, dimensions of, 275.

Babylonian life and history, 169.

Babylonian inscriptions, translations
of, 274. -

Babylonian '* Woman's Language,"
274.

Babylonians, views of, on * life after
death, 169.

Bache, Alexander Dallas, president of
National Academy, 112.
Kegentof Smithsonian Institution,

124.
Superintendentof Coast Survey, 91,

Bacon, Dr. Leonard,lectures on church
history, 22.

Bacon, Nathaniel, of Virginia, 252.

Bacon family of Virginia, 252.

Badcock, the family of, 181.

Bagwell family of Virginia, 252.

390

niD£X.

Baud, Charles Waahington, bibliog-

raphy of, 182.
Baiid, Heory Martyn, bibliography

of, 182.

Baird, Hev. Robert, 182.

Baird, Prof. Spencer Fnllertoo, 81.

bibliography of, 24a

biography of, 252.

ealogy on, 332.
Baker, PrisciUa, ancestry of, 180.
Baldwin. C. C, bibliography of, 184.
Baldwin, genealogy of, 184.
Baldwin, Senator, 73.
Baldwin, Prof. Simeon Eben, 1.

bibliography of, 185.
on *' History of the ballot in Con-
necticut," 11.
Ball family of Virginia, 252.

Ballads and lyrics, for use of schools,
306.

Ballard, Edward, 329.

Ballot, history of, in Connecticut, 11.

'Baltimore, Baron Von Closen at, 5.

boys' clubs of, 167.

commerce and trade of, 350.

history of Baptist Churoh of, 329.

libraries in, 165.

working women in, 167.
Baltimore Convention, narrowness of

call for the, 285.
Bancroft, Dr. Frederic, 1, 3.
Bancroft, Hon. George, 1, 16, 18, 124.

bibliography of, 186,
Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 188.
Bank of England restriction, the, 164.
Bank of the United States, 187.
Baptist family of Virginia, 252.
Barbour, Senator, 78.
Barksdale family of Viiginia, 252.
Barlow, Joel, 73, 132..

on Federal system, 136.

plan a for National Institution, 74,
132.

Barnard, president^ on study of his-
tory, 23.
Barnes, Albert, 353.*
Barnes, Alfred Smith, 301.
Barry, Rev. John S., memoir of, 341.

Bartoli, author of a history oLltalian

' literature, 34.
Barton* Edmund Mills, bibliography

of, 189.
Barton, John Graeff, 175.
Bartram's Botanic Garden, 62.
Baskerville family of Virginia, 252.
Bates, Isaac Chapman, memorial

sketch of, 276.
Bayeux tapestry, 307.
Bazaine, Marshal, 334.
Beardsley, E.' Edwards, bibliography

of, 189.

Beaumarchais, the merchant, 192,
349.

Beauregard, General, 334.

Beck, Col. Franklin K., 253.

Beck family of Virginia, 252.

Beecher, Henry Ward, sketeh of, 300.

Behmenists, the, 353.

BehringSea, American rights in, 180,
230.

Belgium, study of history in, 32.
universities of, 32, 33.

Belknap papers^ 342.

Bell, Charles H., bibliography of, 190.

Belsches family of Virginia, 252.

Bemis, Edward W., bibliography of,
190.

Benedict, Aaron, life of, 174.

Bentley, Rev. William, notice of, 341.

Bergel, Dr. Josef, 169,

Berkeley, Dean, in America, 359.

Berkshire, Mass., village improve-
ment in, 165.

Berlin, government of, compared with
New Yorl^, 20.

Berrien, Hon. J. M., 78.

Berryer, Antoine Pierre, 102.

Bersot, 39.

Bible, revision of the, 168.
the, and Assyrian study, 168.
the, and the University, 210i
versions of the, 210.

Bibliographies, catalogues, etc.,
check-list of, 237.

Bibliography of members of Ameri-
can Historical Association, 163^
386.

INDEX.

391

Bi-centeunial and centennial^ an his-
torical address, 258.

Bi-oentennial celebrations, errors in
dates ot\ 343.

Bigelow, John. 346.
bibliography of, 191.

Bigelow, Melville Madison, bibli-
ography of, 195.

Billingsgate Fish Market, history of,
209.

Binney, Horace, jr., memoir of. 349.

Biography, American, 335. /
study of, 48.

Birney, James G., and his times, 195.

Birney, General William, 1.
bibliography of, 195.

Bishop, George Riker, bibliography
of, 195.

Black Hawk war, 315, 354.

Black, William, journal of, 198.

Blackmar, Prof. F. W., 151.

Bladensbnrgh, battle of, 295.

Blair family of Virginia, 200.

Bland family of Virginia, 252.

Blencoe family of Virginia, 252.

Bliss, William Root, bibliography of,
196.

Blodget, Maj. William, 64.

Blodgett, Samuel, '' Economica '' by,
67.
on a National University, 64.

Blount, William, 386.

Blue Licks, battle of, 200.

Bluntschli's essay on Francis Lieber,
165.'

Blontschli's life-work, 166.

Boiling (Pocahontas) family of Vir-
ginia, 252.

Bomford. Col. George, 78.

Bond, Dr. Thomas, 55.

Bonn, reunion conference at, 324.

Boone, Daniel, 12.

Bonneville, explorations by, 86.

Borgnet, Professor, at Li^ge Univer-
sity, 32.

Bossuet as a persecutor, 183.

Boston, 1630-1880, by Wheildon, 366.
and neighboring jurisdictions, 344.
and the colony, 344.

Boston, burial grounds in, 259. «

canals and railroads of, 163.

charities of, 265.

city government of, 201.

convention held in, 325.

founded, 1630, 1649, 383.

French Protestants in, 344,

s^reat fire of. 321.

history of, 244.

Indian names of, and their mean-
ing, 280.

lives of prominent men of, 243.

memorial history of, 163, 376.

sanitary condition of, 257.

ShurtleiTs description of, 343.

siege of, 204, 238, 365, 367.

trade, commerce, and navigation of,
27a

Winsor's Memorial History of, re-
view on, 331.

witchcraft in, 331.
Boston Dispensary, report of, 257.
Boston Harbor, earliest exploration of,

163.
Boston massacre, 1770, account of,

366.
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 375.
Boston Public Library, 380.
Boston tea party, 1773, 367.
Botanical Club of American Associ-
ation, 113.
Botanical Garden, Bartram's, 62.
Botani^l Garden, National, 110.
Bothwell, Earl of, 223, 224.
Botts family of Virginia, 252.
Boudinot, Elias, and Governor Liv-
ingston, homes of, 301.
Bouldin, Hon. James W., 253.
Bouldin family of Virginia, 252.
Boundary controversy, northeastern,

379.
Bourinot, John George, 18.
Bourne, Edward Gay lord, bibliog-
raphy of, 196.
Bourne, Henry E, 1.
» Boutmy, Monsieur, 41.
Bowdoin, James, 57.

life and service of, 383.
Bowdoin College, foundation 01^ 63.

392

INDEX.

Bow«o, Dr. Claxenoe Winthrop, 1, 18.
bibliography of, 196.
on '* Reminiscences of American !

War of lodepeudenoe, by Baron

VonClosen/'S.
Boyver, Rev. John, of Derby, Conn.,

184.
Boyd family of Virginia, 252.
Boyle, Mr., 53.

Boys' clubs in Baltimore, 167.
Brackenridge, W. D., 110.
Brackett,Dr. Jeffrey Richardson, 1,15.

bibliography of, 197.
Bradford, Governor, 376,
Branch family of Virginia, 252.
Brandes,Dr. George,literary portraits

by, 178.
Brandon, A. H.^ on Napoleon III., 168.
Brantley, William Theophilus, bib-
liography of, 197.
Brattleborough in verse and prose, 281.
Br<Sal, Michel, 41.
Brearley, Mr., 30.
Breckinridge, John C, 124. 361.
Breckinridge family of Virginia and

Kentucky, 200.
Brent, Col. George W., 253.
Brent family of Virginia, 252.
Brereton, Dr. John A., 78.
Brewster, Elder William, 379.
Bridges, military, systems of, 208.
Briggs, M. M., bibliography of, 197.
British Columbia, history of, 188.
British finance in 1816, 164.
British Government, western land

policy of, 279.
British orations, 163.
Brockenborough family of Virginia,

252.
Brocket, John Bristol, 175. *

Brock, Robert Alonzo, 60.

bibliography of, 198.
Broglie, Comtede, 349.
Bronson, Henry, bibliography of, 199.
Bronson, Silas, 296.
Brondileone of Palermo, 35.
Brooks, William G., memoir of, 341.
Brough, Gov. John, public career of,

346.

Brown, Alexander, bibliography of,
200.

Brown, Henry Armitt, memoir of,
280.

Brown, John Mason, bibliography of,
200.

Brown, John, 347, 248.
trial and execution of, 9, 386.

Brown, Rev. Obediah, 78.

Browne, Sir Thomas, 343.

Brown family of Virginia, 200.

Brussels, University of, study of his-
tory in, 32.

Bryan^ Alexander, genealogy of, 185.

Bryan, General Goode, 253.

Bryant, William Cullen, 73, 375.

Brymner, Douglass, on Canaduin ar-
cljives, 200.

Buchan, Earl of, 63.

Buchanan, James, pajier in defense
of, 295; 346.
vindication of, 295.

Bucks County, Pa., history of. 214. .

Buddhism and Romanism compared,
225.

Budge on Babylonians, 169.

Bugbee,'James McKellar, bibliogra-
phy of, 200.

Bullock, Alexander Hamilton, me-
moir of, 279.

Bunker Hill, battle of, 201, 204, 365.

Bunker Hill Monument Association,
364. ' •

Bureau of Education, when founded,
124.

Bureau af Ethnology, when founded,
125.

Bureau of Longitude of France, 140.

Burgess, Prof. John W., 18, 24.
bibliography of, 201.

Burgoyne, campaign of 1777, 224.

Burke. Edamus, 69.

Burke, Edmund, 342.

Burial grounds in Boston, inscriptiona
on the gate tablets, 259.

Burr, Aaron, intrigues of, 200.

Burr, Prof. George L., 1, 25.
On witchcraft, 3.

Burton, Robert, 342.

Index.

393

Bnrwellfamily of Virginia, 252.
Bush, George Gary, bibliography of,

2C2.
Butler, George H., bibliography of,

20a.
Bntler, Nicholas Murray, bibliogra-
phy of, 202.
Butler, Thomas, decendants of, 202.
Buzzard'sBay, colonial times on, 196.
Byrd, Col. WUliam, 64.
Cabot, George, life and letters of, 306.
Cabot, John, landfall of, in 1497, 280.
Cadwalader, Lambert, 69. '
Ciesar's Gallic War, 294.
Caix, Professor, 34.
Caldwell, Prof. Howard W., 1.
Calhoun, Uon. J. C«, 78.
Califoruia Academy of Sciences, 152.
Calilornia, history of, 188.

State colleges in, 152.
Calvert papers, discovery of, 6.
Cambridge, Mass., centennial address
at, 258
early publications at, 212.
first college building at, 212.
history of first church in, 308.
study of history at, 27.
Campaigns of the civil war, by M. F.

Force, 233.
Campbell, Charles, 198.
Campbell, Douglas, bibliography of,

20?.
'Campbell, John, life and labors of,

320.
Campbell, General William, :t61.
Campbellites, origin of, 371.
Canada,' 348.
and Louisiana, colonization of, 211.
condition of historical studies in, 17.
French in, 337.
old regime iu, 319.
Parkman's old regime in, 343.
Canadian history, early, 348.
Canadians, prominent, 349.
Canal, Chesapeake Bay to Albemarle

Sound, 67.
Canals and railroads of Boston, 163.
Candee, genealogy of, 185.
Cannibals, missionary life among, 320.

Canning, George, 342. •

Capehart family of Virginia, 252l
Carausius, history of, 217.
Carducci, 34.

Carey, Henry Charles, 353.
Carlin, General W. P., 253.
Carlin family of Virginia, 252.
Carlyle, Thomas, 353.
Carrington, General Henry Beebee,

1, 13.
bibliography of, 203.
Carrington family of Virginia, 252.
Carroll, Charles, 69.
Cary family of Virginia, 252.
Cass, explorations by, 86.
Cass, Lewis, 124.
Cathedral, American, 324.
Caulfield, James Hulme, bibliography

of, 204.
Caves, Ribbesdale, remains in, 328.
Cellini, Benvenuto, life of, 307.
Centennial anniversary of United

States, 192.
Central America, history of, 188.
Chadwick, Henry, 253.
Chamberlain, Judge Mellen, 1, 9, 17.
bibliography of, 204.
on John Adams, 240,
Chancellorsville, battle of, 170.

campaign of, 216.
Channing, Dr., and Miss Aiken, cor-
respondence of, 343.
Cbapin, Edwin Hubbell, memoir of,

356.
Chapman family of Virginia, 252.
Charities, notes on literature of, 166.
Charities of Boston, 265.
Charlemagne, tomb of, 347.
Charleston. S. C, centennial of, 207.
Charlton, Mass., history of, 356.
Chartres, Old Fort, 309.
Chase, Salmon P., 124, 316.
Chatham Artillery, historical sketch

of, 288.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, life of, 243.
Chauncy, Charles, list of writings of,

234.
Chautauqua, the work of, in higher

education, 167.

394

INDEX.

Chautauqaa Connty in history, 354.
Cbeever, Bartholomew and Richard,

descendants of, 273.
Cheever, Ezekiel, descendants of, 273,

274.
Cheverns, Cardinal de, 243.
Chicago in 1856, 296.
Childs, Rev. Thomas S., 1.
China, coins and coinage ot, 328.

diplomatic relations with United
States, 179.
Choate, Rnfns, 124, 24a
Christian Church, history of the, 2:^.

sacerdotal celibacy in the, 302.
Christianity, early, commnnism of,
311.

social aspects of, 231.

the beginnings of, 23^
Church, Prof. Alfred J., 244.
Church, American, and its name, 333.

American, historical clnb of, 323.

American colonial, 323.

and the rebellion, 285.

collects of, 322.

history of the, dnring period of
Revolution, 288.
Church-building in middle ages, his-
torical studies in, 316.
Church history, studies in, 302.
Church life, two hundred years of,

263.
Cilley, duel of Graves and, 295.
Cincinnati, Order of the, 5.
Cipolla, 34.
Circonrt, A. de, 187.
City of a Prince, 265.
Civil government, studies in, 312.
Civilization, history of, 370.
Civil service reform, 239, 346.

history of, 335.
Civil service of the United States,

335.
Civil war, anecdotes of, 357.

decisive conflicts of the, 218.

negro slaves during, 292.
Claiborne family of Virginia, 252.
Clark, Alonzo Howard, 1, 18, 247,
249, 249.

bibliography of, 205,

Clarke, General George Rogers, 12,

184, 276.
Clarke, Col. John Lyle, 253.
Clarke, Col. Powhatan, 253.
Clarke, Capt. William, 85.
Clarke, General William, 73.
Clarke family of Virginia, 252.
Classical studies, ntility of, 171.
Clay, Hon. Henry, 78, 347, 383.
Clement, Clara Krskine, 244.
Cleveland, President, defeat of, 164.
Cleveland, Ohio, coal and iron indus-
try of, 333.

public library of, 197.
Clifford, Hon. John H., 383.
Clinton, Be Witt, as a politician, 193.
Coal, history, area in all countries,

339.
CoastSurvey, United States, 86,88,90,

110, 297.
Coffin, Peleg, 341.
Cohen, Mendes, 1.

on the Calvert Papers, 6.
Cohen Library, catalogue of, 168.
Coinage, international, 357.
Coin of Sicyon, remarks on, 329.
Coins, exhumed at Paris, 328.

falsification of, 329.

head-dresses exhibited on, 329.

worship of Sun as shown pn, 329.
Coins and medals, American, 180.
Colden, Governor Cadwalader, 54.
Colfax, Schuyler, 124.
College fraternities and clubs, 332,

371.
College of France, 39, 139.
College of New Jersey, foundation

of, 62. .
College of William and Mary, 62,

• 166.
Colleges, agricultural, list of, 151.

American colonial, 62.
Collier family of Virginia, 252.
Collins, J. W., 249.
Colonial charter of 1662 in Connec-
ticut, 10.
Colonial Church, American, 323.
Colonial colleges, 62.
Colonial fathers, 338.

INDEX.

395'

Colonies, American, confltitntional
lations «f, to England, 205.
oommeree in the, 229.
Indian war in the, 229.
social oonditiona in the, 229.
Colonists, German mystics as, 353.
Colonization, African and Christian
missions, 305.
United ^tates, history of, 187.
Colonization of America, 244.
Colorado, history of, 188.

State colleges in, 152.
Colorado Scientific Society, 152.
Colorado State Historical Society,

. 152.
Columbia College, discourse on, 286.
fonndation of, 62.
history at, 23, 166.
' Columbian Institnte, origin of, 76.

original members of, 78.
Columbian University, 3, 17.
goyernment aid^, 78, 79.
origin of, 78.
Columbus, Christopher; centennial of

discovery of America by, 197.
Columbus not the discoverer of Amer-
ica, 177, 363.
Comets, the doctrine of, 370.
Commerce of the prairies, 191.
Communion, office of, 272.
Communism, chapter in history of,

33a
Communisms of the Old World, 353.
Communities, land, among ancient
Germans, 172.
primitive, 172.
village, 173.
Comparetti, 34.
Concord, Mass., history of fight at,

366.
Condor, on Altaic hieroglyphs, 169.
Condorcet, 59.

Confederate annals of Tennessee, 305.
Confederate Concress, journals of, 15.
Confederate Navy, France and the,

194, 195u
Confederate States, materials for study
of, 14.
roster of general officers of, 293.

Confederate struggle, Chatham Ar-
tillery in, 28a
Confederate Snrviroxs Association,

290, 291, 292.
.Confederation, defects of, 130.
Congo State, 8.

Congregational Churches in Connecti-
cut, 174.
in Nova Scotia, 261.
Congregationalism, the genesis of, 186.

last century of, 321.
Congregationalists, rights of, in Knox

College, 320.
Congress of Churches, American, 176.
Congress, Scotch-Irish, address* be-
fore, 276.
Congress of United States, fourth es-
tate of, 267.
compensation to members of, 27a
Congressional government, Dr. Free-
man Snow on, 9.
Connecticut, ancient court records of,
168.
charter for, 333.

Congregational churches of, 174.
diocese of, 272.
early government of, 200.
early history of the ballot in, 11.
election of first bishop of, 326,
Episcopal Church in, 189.
fisheries of, 206.
history of, 344, 336.
history of currency of, 199,
report of tax commissioners of, 186.
settlers from, in Pennsylvania, 211.
State colleges in, 153.
witchcraft in, 303.
Connecticut Academy of Science, 153.
Connecticut Historical Society, 153,

16a
Connecticut Valley, Pilgrim and

Knickerbocker in, 304.
Connecticut Volunteers, Fourteenth

Regiment of, 245.
Conservatory of Art, French, 139.
Constables, Norman, in America, 165.
Constitution of the United States, 237,
239.
and American education, 317.

396

INDEX.

Constitution of the United States —
Con ti oped,
bibliography of^works on, 235.
Centennial celebration of adoption

of, 352.
^Curtis^s history of, 341, 342.
iicffmation of, 197.
framersof, 299.
judicial decisions on, 185,
origin of, 354.
pamphlets on, 235.
Constitution-making, i>eriod of, 358.
Constitutions, American, 212.
recent changes in State, 186.
Constitutional construction, begin-
nings of, 361.
Constitutional Convention of 1787,65.
Constitutional Convention, New York,

191.
Constitutional crisis in Norway, 201.
Constitutional history of United

States, 197.
Constitutional history, English and

American, 179.
Constitutional reform in United

States, 191.
Continental Apmy, New Jersey troops

in, 351.
Continental Congress, bibliography

. of, 234.
Continental reform, Anglo-American

sympathy with, 324.
Cooley, Thomas Mclntyre, bibliog-
raphy of, 207.
Cooper, Rev. Samuel, 57.
Co-operation in a Western city, 339.
Co-operation in Northwest, history

of, 339.
Co-operation in university work, 166.
Copley, John Singleton, life of, 321.
Coppee, Professor, 124.
Corea, the hermit nation, 263.
Corea, without and within, 263.
Cornell University, 368.
law school at, 164.
study of history at, 25.
Comwallis, Lord, surrender of, 242,

342, 384.
Cortez invasion of Mexico, 47.

Cosmos Club, 3, 17.
Cosmography, an old work on, 329.
Cone, Kate Morris, bibliography of,

2U7.
Coulanges, Fustel de, 39.
Court of appeal, old Federal, 283.
Courtenay, James, 102.
Courtenay, William A., bibliography

of, 102, 207.
Cousin, 3^.
Cox, Samuel Sullivan, 124.

American ancestry of, 209.

on federal legislation, 353.
Cox, W.V., 1.

bibliography of, 209.
Coxe, Tench, on the Constitution, 235.
Cozumel, 328.

Cranch, Judge WilMam, 75, 78.
Cranes of Chilton, memorials of, 180.
Croke, Sir Alexander, memoir of, 181.
Cruikshank, Ernest A., bibliography

of, 207.
Crusades, 341.
Cullum, Maj. Gen. Greorge W., 1.

bibliography of, 208.
Cumberland Presbyterian history,

305.
Cumberland University, law school

of, 305.
Cumming, Qeneral Alfred, 253.
Gumming, Hon. Joseph B., 253.
Currency, colonial paper, history of,
32a

cowries as, 328.

of Connecticut, history of, 499.

of Maryland, history of, 328.
Cushing family, 321.
Cutbush, Dr. Edward, 75, 76, 7a
Cutler, Dr. Manasseh, 59, 330.
Cutts family, 281.
Dabney, Prof. Richard Heath, 1.

bibliography of, 210.
Daill^, Pierre, 182.
Daish, John Broughton. bibliography

of, 210.
Dakota, North, University of, 153.

South, University of, 153.
Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia,
181.

INDEX.

397

Dalla8, Vice-President, 124»

Daly, Judge, on yalue of Signal

Service, 100. •

DamascuB, an explanation of name

of the Kingdom of, 275.

Dana, Professor, 124.

D' Ancona of Piza, 34.

Daniel, Hon. J. W., 253.

Daniel family of Virginia, 252.

Danish architecture of Middle Ages,

328.

Darling, General Charlws W., 1.

bibliography of. 210.

Dartraonth College, formation of, 62.

Darwinism, philosophic bearings of,

332.
Davenport, cathedral and college at,

325. ' »

Davenport, Edward L. , 245.
Davis, Andrew McFarland, bibliog-
raphy of, 210.
Davis, Dol(^, sketch of life of, 212.
Davis, Garrett, 124.
Davis, Horace, bibliography of, 212.
Davis, J. p. Brancroft, bibliography

of, 212.
Davis, Jefferson, 124.
as historian, 346.
capture of, 316.
on rebellion, 315.
Davis, John, life of, 215.
Davis, Robert Means, bibliography of,

212.
Davis, W. W. H., bibliography of, 213.
Davisonians of Connecticut, 357.
Dawson family of Virginia, 252.
Dawson, N. H. R., bibliography of,

215.
Day, Jeremiah, sketch of, 296.
Deaf and Dumb, American annals of

the, 256*.
^ Deaf mutes, history of education of,

242.
Deane, Llewellyn, 1.
De Blasiis, 34.

Declaration of Independence, 237,350.
authentication of, 204.
autographic collection of signers of,

236.

Declaration of Independence — Con-
tinued,
centennial of, 382.
in Savannah, 293.
Mecklenburg, 364.

Delafield, General, 124.

Delaware, colonial church in, 323.

Delaware College, 153.

De Leva, 34.

Del Gindice of Pavia, 35.

Del Vecchio, 35.

Democracy and monarchy in France,
163.

Department of Superintendence, 215.

De Peyster, Col. Arent, 220.

De Peyster, Col. John Watte. 220.
bibliography of, 216.

De Peysier, Frederic, 223.

De Peyster family, biography of,
218.

Des Barres, Col., charts by, 87.

Detroit, Mich., history of, 2,'^1, 360.

Denx-Ponts. William de, 256.

De Witt, Bennett M., 253.

Dexter, Aaron, notice of, 341.

Dexter, George, memoir of, 345.

Dexter. Professor, at Yale College, 23.

Dickins, Asbury, 78.

Dickinson, John, on the Constitution,
235.

Diplomacy, Americaft, 1789-1850,
180.
Venetian, records of, 335.

Diplomatic relations, China and
United States, 179.

Discovery of America, pre-Colum-
bian, 177, 363.

Discovery, the right of, 279.

Disraeli, Isaac, 342.

Dividing engines, early, 363.

Dix, General John A., 299.

Dixon, Jeremiah, scientific work of,
109.

Dixon family of Virginia, 252,

Dodge, Theodore Ayrault, bibliog-
raphy of, 216.

Doric Lodge dedicated, 340.

Douglass, Prof. Robert K., 244.

Douglas, Stephen A., 124.

898

INDEX.

DoYer aettlemeiit and the Hiltons,
273.

D'Ovidio of Naples, 34.

Downing, Geoige, 382.

Downing, Mrs. Lacy, 882.

Doylestown. Pa., centennial of, 215.

Drake, Dr. Daniel. 77.

Draper, Lyman C, biography of, 178,
364.

Dred Scott decision, 315.

Droysen, 35.

Dndley, Paal,.53.

Duel of Graves and Cilley, 295.

Dnfferin, Earl of, 348.

Dnmaresq, sketch of family of, 321.

Dnmas, Alexander, a breakfast with,
193.

Dancker, 35.

Danmore, Lord, 12.

Dunning, Dr. William A., 1.
on impeachment of President John-
son, 8. ,

Dqnstable, Mass. , sketch of town of,
307.

Dupont de Nemonrs, 73.

Dnpuy fietmily of Viiginia, 252.

Durand, John, on history of Amer-
ican Revolation, 57, 227.

Duray, Victor, 40.

Daxrett, Reuben T., bibliography of «
228.

Dutch, history of the, 217.

Dutch battle of the Baltic, 217.

Duteh West India Company, glimpse
of, 300.

Dutch words and names, 296.

Dutch villages on Hudson River, 231.

Duxbury, Mass., history of, 376,
378.

F:arll, R. E., 247, 248, 249.

Ecclesiastical tradition, origin and
early growth, 278.

Kcole des Chartres, 38, 40.

Ccole Hbre des Sciences politiques, 41.

Ecole normale sup^rieure, 39.

Ecole pratique, 40.

Ecumenical Councils, 277.

Edict of Nantes, 184.

Edinburgh University, histoiyin, 27.

EdncatioD, anoient, 168.
higher, 163, 164, 167.
Indian, 297.

in Kentocky, history of, 228.
in political science, 369.
land grants for, 296.
manual training in, 354.
modem, place of history in, 5281.
reporls of United States Commis-
sioner of, 215.
scientific and industrial, 368.
Educational* and scientific institu-
tions, Dr. Goode on, 53-161.
Educational aspects of a reformatory,

210.
Educational processes, defects in, 164.
Educational progress in Ohio, history

of, 297.
Edwards, Jonathan, 188.
Eggleston« Edward, 13.
bibliography of, 229.
Eggleston family of Virginia, 252.
Egypt, ancient, 169, 274.

the land of, 209.
Egyptian antiquities, 376.
Egyptian obelisks, history of, 310.
Elbert, Samuel, life and services of,

292.
Election, early methods of, in Con-
necticut, 11.
Elective system in colleges, 14.
Eliot, Samuel, bibliography of, 231.
Elizabeth, Queen, article on, 299.
Elliott, Charles H., bibliography of,

230.
Ellsworth, Henry L., 115.
Elmer, L. Q. C, necrological notice

of 271.
El ting, Irving, bibliography of, 231.
Ely, Nathaniel, dcHcendants of, 231.
Ely, Richard T., bibliography of, 231.
Emancipation, Chicago memorial on;

321.
Emancipation Proclamation, 333,364.
Emerson, the thinker, 348.
Encyclopedists, 335.
England, educational institutioos of,
141.
growth of liberty in, 163.

htdex.

399

England — Continued,
history of, 342, 343, 353.
niral population of, 171.
village community and serfdom in,
173.
English, William H., 124.
English colonies in America, history

of, 306.
English colonists in* America, history

of, 165.
English cottagers of the Middle Ages,

172.
English Government, drift of power
in, 311.
lectures on, 163.
English universities, history in, 29.

requirements of, 28.
Episcopacy in Portland, a century of,

322.
Episcopal Church, connection of, with
early American history, 322.
establishment of the, 238.
in Connecticut, 189.
in United States,hi8toryof,322,326.
journals of conventions of, 322, 323.
Episcopate, British colonial, centen-
ary of, 327.
Erie, chapters of,and other essays, 164.
Esarhaddon, accession of, 169. '
Ethnology, relations of history to, 16.
Etymological dictionary, 169.
Europe and the nearer Orient, 310.
Europe, teaching of history in, 20.

the situation in, 164.
Evans, Lewis, geographer, 64.
Everett, Edward, 200, 243, 381.
Ewing, Thomas, 109.

Examinations in English universi-
ties, 29.

Exeter, N. H,, history ol, 190.

Exhibition, fisheries, at London, 240.

Exploration of American continent,

history of, 81.
Exposition at Minneapolis, report on,

209.
Factory system of United States, 385.
Fairfax family of Virginia, 252, 313.
Fairfield, Conn., history of, 337.
Faletti, 34.

Fanenil Hall Market, hxstoiy of, 365.
Farmer, Silas, bibliography of, 231.
Farnam, Henry, memoir of, 232.
Famam, Henry Waloott, bibliography

of, 232.
Farquhar, Edward, 70.
Federal Constitution, framing of, 296.
Federal Convention of 1787, 179, 235.
Federal legialation. three decades of,

333.
Federal system, origin of, 136.
Federal University, planof, 126, 127-

129.
Federalism, New England, 164.
Federalfst, The, editions of, 234.
Federalists in Connecticut, 11.
Field family of Virginia, 252.
Felton, Proiessor, 124.
Fenge, Fanny Roper, 244.
Fergus Historical Series, 309.
Fergoson, Henry, bibliography of,

232.
Fertilizers, agricultural, 247.
Fessendeu, William P., 124.
Foster, William Eaton, bibliography

of, 239.
Feudal system, origin of, 164.
Few, William, 290.
Field, Richard Stockton, 268.
Fillmore* Vice-President, 124.
Filson, John, 228, 347.
Finch family of Virginia, 252.
Fires and fire departments, 201.
First Century of the Republic, .360.
Fisher, General W. S., 253.
Fisher, Prof. George P., 18, 22. .

bibliography of, 232.
Fish Commission, United States, 124,

247, 250.
Fish culture, epochs in history of, 247.
Fisheries, American,statisticsof, 245,

246, 247, 248.
. dispute, suggestions for adjustment

of, 286.
exhibition, London, 249.
history of, 205, 206, 246-251.
northeastern, 230.
papers on American, 205, 206, 245-

251.

400

INDEX.

Fishermen of United States, 251.
Fishery products, catalogue of, 205.
Fishery question, origin and history

of, 282.
Fishery treaties, 250.
Fishes, color of, 254.

game and food, 247, 250.
f iske, Prof. Willard, 19.
Fitch, Charles Elliot, hihiiography of^

233.
Flathead Indians on Jocka Reserva-
tion, 13.
Flemings, history of the, 217.
Florence, archives of, 35.
Florida, history of education in, 202.
Florida State CJollege, 153.
Foote, Andrew Hull, life of, 280,
Foote, Henry Wilder, hi bliograi^hy of,

238.
Foote, Samuel Alfred, sketch of, 296.
Force, Manning Ferguson, bibliogra-
phy of, 233.
Ford, Mrs. Olivia M., 2.
Ford, Paul I^ic^ter, 1, 17.

bibliography by. 163-386.

bibliography of, 234.
Foster, Theodore, 240.
Foulke, William Dudley, bibliogra-
phy of, 241.
Foxcroft, Thomas, artillery sermon

by, 356.
France and hereditary monarchy, 192.

and the Confederate navy, 194, 195.

democracy and monarchy in, 163.

educational institutions of, 138.

historical work in, 38.

paper-money inflation in, 369.

peasant communities in, 172.

pioneers of, in New World, 319.

seminary work in, 30.

States General of, 294.

the new, 337.

what we owe to, 346.
Francey, Thevenau de, 192.
Francke, Kuno, bibliography of, 241.
Franklin, Benjamin, 54.

in France, 195, 241, 265, 358.

life of, 192, 193, 236, 256.

son of, 236.

Franklin, Benjamin — Continued.

statue of, 381.

works of, 194. 254.

writings by, or relating to, 238.
Franklin Institute, 113.
Frederic the Great, biography of, 226,

309.
Fr^d^ricq, Prof. Paul, 19, 33.
Fredericksburg, battle of, 220.
Freedmen and free labor in the South,

170.
Freeholders, origin of^ 172.
Free institutions, genesis of. 294.
Freeman, ]^lr., visit to Baltimore, 166.
Freeman's '* William Ruins," 165.
Freeman's ** Norman Conquest,'* 171.
Freeman's ** Subject and Neighbor

Lands of Venice," 165.
Freemasonry, history of, 309, 353.
Freemasonry in Waterbury, Conn.,

176.
Fremont exploring expedition, 118.
French, Col. S. Bassett, 253.
French Revolution, 370.

bibliography of. 368.

causes of, 210.

in San Domingo, 4.

study of history of. 41.
French writers of sixteenth century,

347.
Frontenac and his times, 348.
Fry family of Virginia, 252.
Fuller, Melville W., 124.
Fulton female seminary, 336.
Free trade in Wisconsin, 359.
Gage, Governor, administration of,

1774-'75, 367.
Gage, Mrs. General, 367.
Gaines family of Virginia, 252.
Gales, Joseph, 78
Galileo and the church, 277.
Galileo and the doctrine of corre-

'spondence, 194.
Gallatin, Albert, 86,164,165,306,342.
Gallaudet, Edward Miner, 1, 241.
Gallaudet, Thomas Hopkins, 242.
Gallic war. Cajsar's, 173.
Gallican church, liberties of, 183.
Games, Indian, 211,

INDEX.

401

Gardiner, Sir Christopher, 163.
Gard'iDer iamily, 321.
Crardiner's Island, manor of, 296.
Garfield, James A., 124, 278, 279.
biographers of, 346.
memorial address on, 369.
Grarland family of Virginia, 252.
Garrison, Lucy M., 170.
Gandenze ot Bologna, 35.
Gantier, Uon, 39.
Gtay, Sydney Howard, bibliography

of, 242.
Genealogical reseach, facilities for, in

Boston and London, 275.
Geography, ancient, in relation to
discoyery of America, 355.
and early American history, 278.
Ptolemy's, bibliography of, 377.
study of, 210.
Geological Survey, United States,
when organized, 86. ,

Geologists, Society of, 112.
Geneva, Treaty of, 212.
Georgia, English colonization of, 292,

293.
• General assem bly of colony of, 290.
history of, 290. 291, 293.
Indian remains in, 287, 289.
kings, presidents, ^d governors of,
' 293.

negro myths from 293.
University of, 163.
Georgia Historical Society, 154, 290.
Georgians during the war, 293.
German emigration to America, 179.
German Empire, 282.
German mystics as American colo-
nists, :^3.
German political leaders, 359.
German universities, thoroughness of,

38.
Germanic origin of New England

towns, 165.
GermaiLs, history of land-holding

among, 336.
Germany, higher education in, 163.
Imperial, lecture on, 311. •

negotiations on Swedish invasion
of, 311.

S. Mis. 170 26

Germany — Continued .
Parliamentary experiment in, 241.
seminary work in, 30.
the New, 369.
Gerry, Elbrldge, on the Constitution,

235.
Gettysburg, battle of; 220, 226, 335.
Ghent, study of history at, 33.
Gibbon, the foremost of historians, 47.
Gibbs, Prof. Josiah W. , life of, 232.
Giesebrecht, 35.

Glllett, Hon. Philip Goode, 253.
Gillis, Lieut. James, 107.
Gilman, Arthur, bibliography of, 243.
Gilman, Hon. John, descendants of,

243.
Gilmer letters, a study of the, 357.
Girty, Simon, incursion of, 200.
Glover, General John, memoir of,

359.
Goddard, Delano A., memoir of, 344.
Goddard, Henry Perkins, bibliography

ot, 245.
Godolphin, Mrs., life of, 341.
Golden Hills, historic homes on,

300.
Goode, Col. Edmund, 253.
Goode, Col. Edmund J., 253.
Goode, Dr. George Brown, 2, 7, 18.
bibliography of, 245.
on scientific institutions in United

States, 53-161.
Goode, John, of Whitby, ancestry and

posterity of, 252.
Goode, Hon. John, 253.
Goode, Col. J. Thomas, 253.
Goode, Judge Patrick Gaines, 253.
Goode, Col. Kobert, 253.
Goode, Hon. Samuel, 253.
Goode, Col. T.C., 253.
Goode, Rev. William H., 253.
Goode, Hon. William O., 253.
Goode genealogy, 252.
Gordon family of Virginia, 252.
Gospels, authenticity of, 278.
Gotzian, Conrad, 374.
Gould, Elgin Ralston Lovell, bibli-
ography of, 255.
Gould, Sabine-Bariog, 244.

402

INDEX.

Government, American experiment
in. 312!

city, 166.

civil, foundation of, beyond Ohio
River, 301.

municipal, thoughts on, 347.
Government of New York City, origin

and development of, 282.
Graf of Turin, 34.
Graham, Albert A. , 2.

bibliography of, 255.
Grant, General U. S., 299, 315, 374.
Grave-mounds in Georgia, 290.
Graves and Cilley duel, 296.
Graveyards^ deserted, 281.
Gray, Professor, 124.
Gray, Dr. Asa, 83.
Gray, David, letters and writings of,

302.

Great Britain, government in, 339.
Great Lakes, fisheries of, 247.

Indian names and places near, 295.
Great West, discovery of, 343.
Greece, ecclesiastical independence

of, 183.
women in, 349.
Greek revolutions of 1862, 183.
Greeley, Greneral A. W., 100.
Greeley, Horace, peace mission of, 316.
Green, Percival and Ellen, 256, 257.
Green, Samuel Abbott, bibliography

o^ 256.
Green family of Virginia, 252.
Greene, General Alexander A., 254.
Greene, Gardiner, arms and pedigree

of; 321.
Greene, Nathanael, sepulture of, 291.
Greenwood, Rev. ¥. W. P., memoir

of, 341.
Griffis, William Elliot, 263.
Groningen, study of history at, 31.
Gross, Charles, 264.
Grotius and his epoch-making book,

386.
Groton, Mass., history of, 258, 259,

260, 261.
Grundy, Felix, 328.
Guelf and Ghibelline in Italy to-day,

363.

Guilford, Conn., two centuries and/a
half in town of, 304.

Gunpowder, manufacture of, in Amer-
ica, 341.

Gustavus Adolphus, 349.

Guyot, Prof. Arnold, 99.

Gwinnett, Button, 291.

Gwinnett, Hall and Walton, m<mn-
ment to, 292.

Gypsies, information on, 224.

Haak correspondence, - 383.

Habershaur, John, 292.

Hadley, Arthur Tvrining, bibliography
of, 264.

Hagner, Judge Alexander B., 2.

Haldeman, Samuel Stehman, memoir
of, 270.

Hale, Edward Everett, jr., bibliog-
raphy of, 265.

Hale, George Silsbee, bibliography
of, 265.

Hale, Hon. Salma, »notice of, 265.

Halifax Commission, documents of,
245.

Hall, G. Stanley, pedagogical li-
brary, 166.

Halleck, Fitz-Greene, 374, 375.

Hallam as an historian, 343.

Haime, the ba,jbUe of, 275.

Hamilton, Alexander, 234, 306.

Hamlin, Hannibal, 124.

Hammond, Charles, 346.

Hammond, Mr., lectures in history
by, 27.

Hancock, John, 5.

Hancock, General W. S., 225.

Handkerchief Shoal, hydrography of,
355.

Hanson, AlexanderContee,on the Con-
stitution, 235.

Harby, Lee C, bibliography of,
265.

Harlem Plains, battle of, 285.

Harran, city of, 169.

Harris, Gov. Isham G., 386,

Harrison family of Virginia, 252.

Harries family of VirginiA, 252.

Hart, Albert Bushnell, bibliography
of, 265.

INDEX.

403

Hart, Charles Henry, bibliograpby of,

268.
Hart, Joel T., 361.
Hart, Samuel, bibliography of, 272.
Hart family, genealogy of, 212.
Hartford County, Connecticut, his-
tory of, 168.
Hartford Library Coibpany, 168.
Hartlib correspondence, 383.
Harvard, John, 266.
Harvard College, first building for,
212.

first scholarship at, 211.

founding of, 6^, 308.

graduates of, 343.

laws of, 258.

250th anniversary of, 379.
Harvard College Library, history of,

212.
Harvard University, State appropria-
tions to, 156.

study of history at, 6, 20, 21, 166.
Haskins, Charles H., 2.
Hassler, Ferdinand Kodolph, 89.
Hassam, John Tyler, bibliography of,

273.
Hassam family, Boston, 272, 273, 274.
Hastings, Thomas, family of, 165.
Hatch, William H., 148.
Hatch Act, text of, 148.
Haupt, Dr. Paul Herman Hugo, 2.

bibliography of, 274.
Haiisser, 35.

Haw ley. General Joseph R., 2.
Hay, Col. John, 2.

bibliography of, 275.
Hayes. Vt Isaac I., biography of,

209.
Hayes, Mrs. Rutherford B., 301.
Haytians, wit and wisdom of the, 193.
Hazen, General, 100.
Heintzelman. Majof-Goneral, 223.
Hening, William Waller, 264.
Henlopen, Cape« 108.
Henrico Parish, Va., vestry- book of,

198.
Henry, Prof. Joseph. 81, 91, 98.

life and character of, 364.

Henry. Patrick, 359.
public career <^, 276. , •
vindication of, 276.

Henry, Hon. WUliam Wirt, 2, 15, 17
bibliography of, 276.

Henry family of Virginia. 252.

Henshaw, Col. William, orderly book
of, 344.

Hepburn, James, 223.

Herbert, Col. Arthur, 254.

Heriot, Thomas, 246.

Herod, Yicker's history of, 169.

Hessian fly injures wheat, 63.

Hessian recruit, adventures of, 307.

Hibbard, Sarah K., memorial of, 265.

Hieroglyphs, Altaic, 169.

High and preparatory schools, his-
tory in, 266, 267.

Higher education, 163, 164, 167.
Washington and, 164.
history of, 166.

Hill, Hon. Benjamin H., 254.

Hill, Hamilton Andrews, bibliog-
raphy of, 276.

Hilliard, Henry W., 124.

Hilton, William, someof theidescend-
ants of, 273.

Himly, 39.

Hincks, Edwards, works ot, 169.

Hinman, Chief- Justice Joel. 296.

Hinsdale, Burke Aaron, bibliography
of, 277.

Historical literature, 163, 167.

Historical records, Government care
of, 10.

Historical research, spirit of, 43.

Historical Society of Michigan, 340.

Historical societies in Ohio, 184.

Historical societies, list of State, 151-
161.

Historical study in Italy, 33.

Historical study, special methods of,
166. *

Historical work in France, 38.

Historical writing in United States,
283.

Historic homes and landmarks, pres-
ent condition of, 301.

404

INDEX.

History, American, docnments illns-
trative of, 332.

American-Jewisfa, 170.

ancient, ontlines of, 313.

cbnstitational, 179.

general, work on, 313.

institutes of general, 179.

of America, narrative and critical,
356.

of England, 341, 343.

of Ireland, ontiine studies in, 173^

of the Ionian people, 173.

love romance in, 300.

mediaeval and modem, 313.

methods of studying, 173.

need of instruction in, 26.

pedagogy of, 308.

some lessons of, by Rhodes, 333.

studies in, .306.

study of, in American colleges, 166.

study of, in Belgium universities,
33.

study of, in Columbia College, 23,
166.

study of, in Harvard College , 20-22,
166.-

study of, in Yale University, 22,
166.

the study of, 182.
History of United States, Bancroft's,
187.

Eggleston's, 229.

general readings in, 266, 267.

McMaster's, 333.

Lead's, 302.

under Constitution, 338.

under Jefferson, 165.

work of students in, 266.
History ^primers, 164. •
History topics for high schools, 173.
Hittite inscription, 169.
Hittites, Empire of the, 169.
Hoatt Hon. George Frisbie, 2, 6.

bibliography of, 279,
Hoar. Samuel, memoir of, 279.
Hodder, Prof. F. H., 2.
Hoes, Roswell Randall, 2.
Holloway, David P. , Commissioner of
Patents, 116,

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 243.

Holt, Henry Horbart, bibliography of,

280.
Holt, Judge Thaddeus Goode, 254.
Holt family of Georgia, 252.
Homes of America, 298.
Hone, Philip, diary of, 358.
Honey Hill, battle of, 291.
Hooker, Prof. Charles, notice of, 199.
Hooker, Maj. Gen. Joseph. 223.
Hooker, Prof. Worthington, notice of,

199.
Hoppin, James Mason, bibliography

of, 280.
Hopkins, Professor, 104.
Hopkins, Samuel, first pat<int issaed

to, 69.
Hopkins, Stephen, 239, 240.
Horseley family of Virginia, 252.
Horsford, Eben Norton, bibliography

of, 280.
Hotckiss, Jed, on Chancellorsville,

170.
Houghton, Lord, recollections of, 194.
Houston, Sam.', articles on, 328.
Houston, William Churchill, 352.
Howard, Anna Holyoke, 281.
Howard, Cecil Hampden, bibliogra-
phy of, 28L
Howard, George Elliott, bibliography

of, 281.
Howard University, 80.
Howe, S. J., 36a
Howe, William Wirt, bibliography

of, 282.
Hozze, Mr. De., on silk worms, 63.
Hudson ,Richard, bibliography of, 282.
Hudson, the struggle for the, 209.
Huguenot emigration to America, 182.
Huguenots, and Henry of Navarre,

183.
rise of, in France, 183.
Hull, Governor, 360.
Humphreys, Major-General A. A.,

220, 225.
Hunter, Hon. R. ft. T., 292.
Huntington, Benjamin, 69.
Huntt, Dr. Henry, 76.
Hutchinson, Ann^i 243,

INDEX.

405

Hatchinson, Col. Israel, orderly book

of, 344.
Hutch inspn, Goveroor Thomas, on

witchcrart {30, 331.
Hyacinthe, i*'i»cher, and his cbarch,

192.
Icaria, chapter in history of oomman-

iSDi, 338.
Illinois, cooqnestof, 12.

early citizens of, 309. ^

English settlement in Edwards

County, 309.
first trading post of the French in,

256.
historical series, Fergus, 309.
histories of counties of, 255.
in eighteenth century, 309.
local government in, 336.
University of, 154.
Illinois River, history of, 255.
Illinois State Historical Society, 154.
Immigration, restriction of, 191.
Impeach men t of President Johnson, 8.
Impressments at Wareham, Mass.

(1741-»48), 196.
Inauguration of Washington, 197.
India, descriptive history of, 310.

savior Of, 309.
Indiana, history of, 255.'

soldiers of, in war for Union, 309.
Indiana Academy of Science, 154.
Indiana Historical Society, 154.
Indiana University, 154.
Indian gamas, notes concerning, 211.
Indian migration in Ohio, 184.
Indian names, 262.
Indian war in the colonies, 229.
Indians, in the Revolutionary war,
211.
North American, antiquity of, 288.
of Georgia, antiquities of, 288.
Industrial education, 169.
Industrial Education Association,

monographs of, 348.
Infallibility dogma, 277.
Ingersoll, Ralph J. , life of, 199.
Inquisition of Middle Ages, history

of, 302.
Insanity as a legal fiction, 186.

Institutions, national and scientifie,

in the United States, 53, 254.
penal and reformatory, 336.
Instruction, scientific method of, 34.
Insurance of American workingmen,

191.
Internationalisra, growth of, 338.
International law, manual of, 242.

progress of, 179.
Intestate system of Pennsylvania,

337.
Iowa Academy of Sciences, 154.
Iowa, church's growth and needs in,

326.
Iowa State Historical Society, 154.
Iowa State University, 154.
Iredell, James, on the Constitation,

235.
Ireland, history of, 17^.
Irish history, a chapter of, 353.' .
Iron manufacture, early, in Virginia,

198.
Iroquois Indians in Ohio, 184.
Iroquois, the, or Six Nations, 203.
Isham, F., bibliography of, 282.
Israel, Renan's history of, 169.
Iverson, General Alijred, 254.
Iverson family of Virginia, 252.
Ives, PtoC Eli, notice of, 199.
Izard family of South Oarolina, 252.
Jackson, Andrew, commemoration of
• death of, 187.

political influence of, 311.
Jackson, General T. J. (Stonewall),

170.
Valley campaign of, 316.
Jackson, Mich., historical sketch of.

339.
Jacksonville, III., 255.
Jamaica, effects of freedom at, 191.
James Freeman and King's Chapel,

1782-'87, 238.
Jameson, John Franklin, bibliogra-
phy of, 282.
Japan, Assyriology in, 169.
our treaties with, 264.
recent revolutions in, 263.
representative government in, 264.
the Rutgers graduates in, 263.

406

INDEX.

Japanese on northwest coast of

America, 212.
Jaryis, Mrs. William, sketch of, 281.
Jasper, Sergeant William, address

on, 289.
Jastrow's Dictionary, 169.
Jay, Hon. John, 2, 6, 17, 18.

bibliography of, 284.

on the Constitation, 235.
Jay, Mrs. John, sketch of, 284.
Jefierson family of Virginia, 252.
Jefferson, Thomas, 6, 346.

as a scientist 62, 71, 72.

and University of Virginia, 167.

books written by or relating to,
235.

develops patent system, 69, 71 .

diary of, 194.

history of United States under,
165.

home of, 315.

life of, 193.

Parton's life of, 343.

suggests western exploration, 82.
Jenkins. Charles Jones, life of, 291.
Jenkins, Rear-Admiral Thornton

Jewish bhristian Church, a mono-
graph, 278.

Jewish literature, history of, 168.

Jewish race and religion, 207.

Jews, history of, in America, 170.
Hosmer's story of the, 169.
in Massachusetts, 170.
of England, exchequer of, in Mid-
dle Ages, 264.
prejudices against, 311.

John Brown's raid, 335.

Johns Hopkins University, 281.

Johns Hopkins University studies, 25,
167.

Johnson, Andrew, articles on, 8, 328.

Johnson, Col. R W. 254.

Johnson, Edward, descendants of,
330.

Johnson, Col. Guy, letters of, 226.

Johnson, Samuel, life and times of,
196.

Johnson, Sic John, 222, 223, 226.

Johnson, William Samuel, life of,

179, 189.
Johnston, General Albert Sydney,

life of, 287.
Johnston, Alexander, on American

commonwealths, 234.
Johnston, Miss Elizabeth Bryant, 9.

bibliography of, 287.
Johnston, Col. Philip, 350.
Johnston, Bey. S. F., memoirs of,

320.
Johnston, William Preston, bibliog-
raphy of, 287.
Jones, Charles Colooijk, jr., bibliog*

raphy of, 287.
Jones, Col. Thomas Goode, 254.
Jones, Col. William Bice, 254.
Jones family of Virginia, 252.
Journalism, spirit of, 50.
Judaic Christianity, 186.
Judd, Orange, 117.
Julius Ccesar, likenesses of, 335.
Junius, handwriting of, 343.
Kansas, abolition of slavery in, 348.

University of, 55.
Kansas Academy of Science, 155.
Kansas State Historical Society, 155.
Kaskaskia and its parish records, 309.
Kearney M%j. Gen. Philip, 224.
Keir, Rev. John, sketch of life and

labors of, 319.
kelling, Henry, bibliography .of, 294.
Kelsey, Francis Willey, bibliography

of, 294.
Kelton, Dwight H., bibliography of,

29
Kelton, General J. C, 68.
Kendall, Hon. Amos, eulogy on, 241.
Kendrick, Green, life of, 174.
Kentucky, history of, 12, 200, 228,

229.
public schools in, 228.
resolutions of 1798, 361.
State College of, 155.
Kentucky Historical Society, 155.
Kentucky's struggle for autonomy,

13.
Kidder, Frederic, review by, 329.
Kiddo, Maj. Gen: J. B., 223.

INDEX.

407

King, Hon. Horatio, 2.
bibliography of, 295.

King, Mis. Horatio, 3, 17.

King, John Alsop, 2, 18.'
bibliography of, 296.

King, Rufos, bibliography of, 296.

Kingabnry, Frederick John, bibliog-
raphy of, 296.

King's Chapel,Bo6ton,hiatory of, 238,
239.

Kingsley, Professor, at Yale College,
22.

King's' Mountain, battle of, in 1780,
218. 223.

Knight, George Wells, bibliography
of, 296.

Knights of Labor, history of, 385.

Knights of Pythias, historical sketch
of, 294.

Knox, Henry, 70.

Kohl collection of early maps, 377.

Karth, Professor, at Lidge University,
• 32.

Labadists, the. 353.

Labor movement in America, 231.

Laboulaye, Edouard, 195.

L' Academic desEtats-Unis de PAm^
rique, 167.

Laoey, Brig-Gen. John, life of, 214.

Ladd, Horatio Oliver, bibliography of,
297.

Lafayette, General, 5.
Mend of Washington, 347.
incidents of visit of, 300.
life of, 358.

La&yette Place, historic homes in,
299.

Lake Ontario Canal, 67.

Lambert, William, 106.

lAmb, Mrs. Martha J., 2.
bibliography of, 297.

Lanciani, 34.

Land, capitalization of, 336.

Land communities ' among ancient
Germans, 172.

Land grants for education in North-
west Territo'7, 296.

Land-holding, history of, 172.

L^nd Office, circular of, 95.

Land politics of ihe United States,

364.
Land question, by Adams, 166.

Lane-Poole, Stanley, 244.

Langley, Prof S. P., 81.

Languages, romance, study of history

of, 34.

Scandinavian, history of, 177.
Lamed, Joeephns Nelson, bibliog-
raphy of, 302.
Latin text books, by Allen, 171, 172.
Laud, Prof. Wiley, obituary address

at funeral of, 279.
Laughlln, J. Laurence, 164.
Lavoisier, 59.

Law and battle, wager of, 302.
Law and his^ry, 337.
Law, Anglo-Saxon, 164.

cases, early English, 195.

classes in Dalhousie Univexsity,
181.

constitutional, introduction to
study of, 311.

German public, 201.

in Illinois, beginning of^ 309.

international, progress of, 179.

manual of international, 242.

Norman and English, 195.

papers on, 230.

public, in United States, 201.
Law-school, at Cornell Univennty,
164.

the first, in America, 14.
Law-schools, graduate courses at, 186,
Law, Edmund, 78.
Law, Thomas, 75, 78.
Lawrence, Abbott, 212, 276, 277.
Lawrence, Amos and Abbott, 243.
Lawrence, William Beach, 270.
Law's system, stndy of, 211.
Lea, Henry Charles, bibliography of,
302.

Leake family, biography of! 218.

Leavenworth genealogy, biographi-
cal sketches of, 296.

Ledyaid, John, 8*2.

Leeds, Josiah Woodward, bibliog-
raphy of, 302.

Lee, Arthur, manuscripts of, 376.

408

INDEX.

Lee, General Henry, life of, 288.
Lee, Richard Heniy, on the Gonatita-

tion, 235.
Lee, Generid Rohert E., 287, 386.
Leeser libraiy, catalogue of, 168.
Legal profession in America, 191.
Legal- tender act, 164.
lieipsic, a tale of, 216.
Leipzig, seminary work at,^37.
Iiemoine family of Virginia, 252.
Lesseps, M. de, 193. «

Levassenr, Prof. £., 19.
Levermore, Charles Herbert, bibliog-
raphy of, 303.
Lever, Sir Ashton, 56.
Ldvis, Marshal, French war papers

of, 379.
Lewis, Capt. Meriwether, explorations

by, 83.
Lexington, battle of, 307.
Leyden, study of history at, 31.
Liberty, development of, 337

growth of in England, 163.

history of, 2:U.
Librarians, conference of American,

189.
Libraries, pnblic, in Kentucky, 229.

seminary and university extension,
167.
Library, Cohen, 168.

Hartford, Company, 168.

Harvard College, 212.

Leeser, 168.

public, address on, 331.

Watkinson, 168.
Licking County, Ohio, history of, 255.
Lieber, Francis, Bluntschli's essay on,

165.
Lieber, professor of history at Colum-
bia College, 23.
Lidge, study of "history at, 32.
Life-Saving Service, American, 298.
Lincoln, Abraham, 268, 276, 314, 315.

and Emancipation Proclamation,
364.

Arnold's Life of, review of, 331.

farewell address of, 237.

first and last sight of, 295.

inaugural address of, 237.

Lincoln, Abraham — Continued.

in Richmond, 316.

life and character of, 188, 315.

renomination of, 316.
Lincoln Library, address at dedica-
tion of, 279.
Lindsley, John Berrien, bibliography

of, 304.
Linzee family, 321.
Literature, American, 347, 359.

Christian, growth of, 174.

early Swedish, 311.

English, influence on French*, 179.

in Salem, Mass., history of, 306.

Scandinavian, history of, 178.

Swedish, in eighteenth century,
311.
Literary history, Italian, study of, 34.
Livingston, Philip, Brooklyn home

of, 299.
Local government in Michigan, 190.
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 164, 165.

bibliography of, 306.
Logan, Senator, 75.
Loire, the valley of, and its chateaux,

209.
London Institution, 141.
London Tower, Henry Laurens in,

300.
Long, explorations by, 86.
Longfellow, Henry W., 243, 348.
Loomis, Professor, 104,
Lord Eldon, 191.

Loring, Hon. Charles G., sketch of, 296.
Loring, George Bailey, bibliography

of, 306.
Lorraine and Alsace, conquest of, 182.
Louisiana, free labor in, 170.

history of, 207. 210.
Louisiana Historical Society, 155.
Louisiana State University, 155.
Louisville, Ky., history of, 228.
Louis XIV, New France under, 319.
Louis XVI, sketch of, 299.
Lou vain University, study of history

at, 32, 33.
Lovell, Dr. Joseph, 78.
Lowell, Edward Jackson, bibliogra-
phy of, 307.

tlft)£X.

409

Ix)W6ll, Jame^ Rnasell, 243.

Lowe, Rev. Charles, 239.

Loyal Legion, pablication by, 233..

Luitprand, Bishop of Cremona, 360.

Landy's Lane, battle of, 208.

Lnnt, Paul, diary of, 257.

Lather, F.B., on Thomas Jefferson, 62.

Liitzen, battle of, 227.

Luzerne^ Chevalier de la, 57.

Lyceum of Arts of France, 140.

^Lyle family of Virginia, 252.

Macanlay as an historian, 343.
speeches of, 341.

Mace, William Harrison, bibliogra-
phy of, 307.

MacG-regor, Rev. James, memoir of,
319.

Mackenzie, James A., 244.

Mackerel fishing, history of, 205, 206.

Mackerel, Spanish, 248.

Mackinac, Fort, annals of, 295.

Maclntire, Thomas, reminiscences of,
242.

Macy, Jesse, liibliography of, 309.

Madison, Bishop, S3.

Madison, Dolly, 361.

Madison, James, 73, 243, 347.
on a National University, 65, 66.

Madison, Wis., history of schools of,

354.
.Magazines, check list of American,
236.

Magna Charta stories, 244.

Mahaffy, Prof. J. P., 244.

Maine, early tJniversalism in, 357.
fisheries of, 247.
the Dutch in, 217.

Maine Historical Society, 155.

Maine State College, 155.

Maps; early, Kohl collection of, 377.
of the United States, 46.

Marbois, Ffanyois de Barb^, 57.

Marcus Aurelius Antoninns, 363.

Margry Papers, review of, 184.

Marie Antoinette, sketches of, 299.

Marietta, Ohio, centennial celebration
at, 338.
Government exhibit at, 209.
settlement of, 307.

Markoe, F. A., 111«

Marlborough, Mass., note-book kept

by the first minister of, 262.
Marquette, Father, 360.
Marshall family of Virginia. 253.
Marsh, George P., 124.
Martin, Judge F. X., life of, 232.
Martin, Luther, 245.
Martin, Morgan L., narrative of, 356.
Marvine, Archibald R., biographical

notice of, 3:>2.
Maryland, archives of, 350.
colonial church in, 323.
"charter for, 332.
currency of, history of, 328.
history of, 313, 314. .
influence of, in founding a National

Commonwealth, 165.
influence of, in land cessions, 166.
the English in, 197.
the negro in, 197.
University of, 155.
Maryland Academy of Sciences, 156.
Maryland and Pennsylvania, bound-
ary dispute, 337.
Maryland Historical Society, 7, 156.
Mason, Charles, astronomical work

of, 109.
Mason, Edward Gay, 2, 13.

bibliography of, 309.
Mason, George, on the Constitution,

235.
Mason, James M., 124.
Mason', John Edwin, bibliography of,

309.
Mason, Lowell, 243.
Mason, Prof. Otis T., 2, 1§.
Mason fatnily of Virginia, 253.
Massachusetts, archives of, 260, 378.
charter of 1634, repeal of, 205.
colonial church in, 323.
constitution of, 182.
conventions, men, and measures of,

326.
early history of, 342, 381.
early paper ci3!)trency of, 317.
emancipation of, 277.
Federal Constitution adopted by,
367.

410

IND1&.

BiaasachoflettS'-Coiitmaod.
first mint in, 367.
fisheries of, 205, 206, 247.
general court of, in 1749-'50, 261.
Jews in, 170.
Kevolutionary war in, 36G.

' State college in, 156.
strikes in, 385.

Kaasacbatettfl Bay, settlement, of,
367.

Massach usetts Historical Society, 1 56,
256, 341.

Massachusetts Society for Promoting
Good Citizenship, 267.

Massacre, Boston, 366. •

Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 224.

Massinger, Philip, and his plays, dis-
sertation on, 32S.

Mather, Cotton, 53.
and Salem witchcraft, 330.

Mather papers 342.

Matherson, liev. J. W., memoirs of,
320.

Matheson, Mis. Mary Johnston, mem-
oirs of, 320.

Mattatuck Historical Society, 175.

Maurenbrecher, quoted, 36.

Maury, Alfred, 41.

Maury, Kev. James, 82.

Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 82.
in charge of Naval Observatory,
108.

Maury family of Virginia, 253.

Maverick, Samuel, palisade house of,
204.

Maxwell, General, 351.

May, Dr. George W., 78.

Mayflower compact, 332.

Maynard family of Virginia, 253.

Maynard, Lieatb Lafayette, 254.

McAllister, Fort, bombardment and
capture of, 292.

McCall, Peter, obituary address on,
329.

McClellan, General, 334, 335.

McDonald, Col. Marshall, 247.

McDonogh, John, life of, 170.

McDowell family of Virginia, 200.

McKay family of Virginia, 253.

McEendry, William, jaamal of, 210.

McKenzie, Alexander, bibliography
' of, 308.

McLaughlin, Andrew Cunningham,
bibliography of, 30a

McLanghlin, George, bibliography of,
30a

McLean, Professor, 124.

McLean, Hon. John, 78. '

McPherson, John H. T., 2.

McWilliams, Alexander, 78.

Meade family of Virginia, 252.

Mease, James, on silk worms, 63.

Mecklenburg Declaration of Indepen-
dence, 364.

Medals of Washington, description of,
180.

Medals, Waterloo, list of, 329.

Media, R^jozin's, 169.

Mediaeval boroughs, the affiliation of,
264.

Media3val civilization, 164.

Mediaeval history, 164, 349.

Medical colleges, lecture on, 304.

Medical history and biography, 199.

Medicine and astrology, 328.

Medicine, history of, in Massachusette,
259.
popular progress in, 305.

Megginsas family of Virginia^ 252,
253.

Meigs, General, 124.

Meigs, Josiah, 75, 76, 77.

Mela, Panponius, 377.

Menapii, history of the, 217.

Menhaden industry, 206, 246, 250.

Menno, Lieut. General, life of, 217.

Meredith family of Virginia, 253.

Merrill, Catharine, bi])liography of,
309.

Metcalf, Justice Theron, memoir of,
265.

Meteorological work under Smithson-
ian Institution 96, 97.

Metric system, origin of, 337.

Mexican War, history of, 297.

Mexico, heir to crown of, 194.
history of, 47, 189, 311.
railway invasion of, 194.

INDEX.

411

Meyer, Patol, 39.

Michaaz, Andre, explorations by, 83.

Michitsan, early Jeaaita of, 360.

edacation in, 336.

Historical Society of,* 156.

history of, 231, 338.

goTemment of, 190, 207.

University of, 24, 156, 163, 179.
Middle ages, Danish architecture of,
32a

magic of, .328. *

study of. laws and institutions of,
35.
Middlefield centennial memorial, 345.
Mignet as an historian, 342.
Mikado's Empire, the, 263.
Milford Rebellion in 1798, 214.
Military Academy at West Point,

Military Art and History, 20a
Military bridges, systems of, 208.
Military Orders, the, 182.
Military papers, 227.
Military school of France, 139.
Military service, national reserve for,

337.
Military systems of Enrope, 206.
Militia, organization of, 219.
Miller family, sketch of, 321.
Mills. Herbert Elmer, 25.

bibliography of, 309.

on French Re^lution in San Do*
miugo, 4.
Mine labpr in Hocking Valley, 190.
Minneapolis exposition, report on,

209.
Minnesota, bibliography of, 372.

guide to, 372.

Historical Society of, 156.

history of, 313. 314, 373.

University of, 156.
Minor family of Virginia, 253.
Minor, General James L., 254.
Mint at Philadelphia, visit to, 287.
Mint, first in Massachusetts, 367.
Mirabeau and Sopie, by Bigelow, 192.
Mississippi, Historical Society of, 157.

University of, 156.
Missouri^ 347.

Missouri Compromise, repeal of, 315.
Missouri Historical Society, 157.
Missouri University, 157. •
Missionary Apostle, a sermon, 327.
Missionary Association of Eastern
District of Massachusetts, sketch
of, 321.
Missions in the American Church, an

address, 325.
Mitchill, Samuel Latham, 73.
Molinos, the Quietist, 194.
Moll, Professor, historical school of,

31.
Mombert, J. J., 169.
Monaci, of Rome, 34.
Monasticism, Western, 342.
Moncacht-Ap^', journey ^f, 210.
Monckton, Robert, 300.
Monetary crisis in Rome, (A.D. 33),

173.
Mone^ry metallic standards, 357.
Money, origin and coinage of, 3^.
colonial paper, 328.
Connecticut paper, 199.
cowries as, 328.
Maryland paper, 328,
Pennsylvania paper, history of,
328.
Money problem, experience of Eng-
land, 302.
Monmouth, battle of. in 1778, 221,

310.
Monod, Gabriel, 41.
Monroe doctrine, history of the, 285,
363, 364.
Tucker on, 358.
Monroe, President, 76, 77, 346,

home of, 301.
Monroe's Presidential messages, syn-
opsis of, 282.
Montana, College of, 157.
Montana Historical Society, 157.
Montcalm, history of, 319.
spurious letters of, 379.
Montgomery, General Richard, 209,
310.
sword of, 348.
Montgomery, Thomas Harrison,
bibliography of, 310.

412

INDEX.

Montgomery, genealoicy, 310.
Moore, Joseph, jr., bibliography of,

310. #
Moravians in Hoiisatonic Valley, 170.
Morgan, Lewis M, memoir of, 271,

332.

Morgan's class! ficatory system of re-
lationships, 172.

Mormons, 275.

Morrill Act 146.

Morrill, Justin S., 124, 146.

Morrill I^nd Grant, 164.

Morris, Charles Newton, bibliography
of, 310.

Morris, Edward, descetpdants of, 310.

Morris, Gouverneur, 306.

Morris, Jonathan Flynt, bibliogiaphy
of, 310.

Morris, Robert, financier of the
American Revolution, 269.

Morrison family of Virginia, 253.

Morrow, Governor Jeremiah, 346.

Morse, Anson Daniel, bibliography
of, 311.

Mortality among Confederates, 292.

Morton, Thomas, of Merry Mount,
163.

Mosby family of Virginia, 253.

Moses, Bernard, bibliography of, 311.

Mosquito Indians, 212.

Mound Builders of Ohio, 233.

Mount Vernon, 5.
visitor's guide to, 287.

Mo wry, Nathaniel, of Rhode Island,
312.

Mowry, Richard, of Uxbridge, Mass.,
312.

Mowry, William Augustus, bibliog-
raphy of, 312.

Municipal law, 230, 231.

Murray family of Virginia. 253.

Murrell family of Virginia, 253.

Mnridism, study of, 353.

Murillo, an historical sketch, 280.

Museum of Arts, French, 139.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Stuart

exhibition at, 269.
Museum of Natural History, French,

139.

Museums, American archaeological,
in United States, 329.
history of, 254.

Muskegon County, Mich., history of,
280.

Mnssey, General R. D., 2.

Myer, Brig. Gen. Albert J., 99. •

Myers, Philip Vas Ness, bibliography
of, 313.

Mythology, Greek and Roman, out-
line of, 295.
Norse, 177, 178.
Teutonic, 178.

Nacogdoches, old stone fort at, 265.

Nahant, Mass., history of, 364.

Naples, submarine institute at, 193.

Napoleon and his times, 335.

Nai)oleon Bonaparte, 334.

Napoleon oaa national school of his-
tory, 38.

Napoleon III, theoonpd'^^tat of, 167.
the other view of, 334.

Narragansett Bay, history of fortifica-
tions in, 209.

Narrative and critical history of
America, 377.

Nashville, battle at, 221.

National Academy of Sciences, 112.

National Capittl, 278.

National Deaf Mute College, 80.

National Educational Association,
215. •

National Guards, organization of, in
New York, 216. ,

National Institute of France. 133.

National Institution, Barlow's plan
for, 74, 132.

National Library of France, 139.

National Museum, United States,early
history of, 123.
meetings of Historical Association
at, 3.

National Observatory, origin of, 101.

National revenues, 339.

National scientific institutions, Dr.
Goodeon, 7, 53-161.

National University, J. Q. Adams on,

100.
' Washington's interest in, ^4, 166.

INDEX,

413

Nations, Eastern, and Greece, 313.

Katoral History Association of Wor-
cester, 317.

Nangatnck Valley, footprints of the
red man in, 175.

Naval Academy, 74.

Naval Observatory, 107.

Navigation, ocean steam, 276.

Nebraska, State Historical Society of,
157.
University of, 157.

Negro, the, in Maryland, 197.

Neill, Edward Dnffield, bibliography
of, 313.

Nelson, Thomas, jr., 316.
Nelson family of Virginia, 253.
Netherlanders, history of, 217.
Nevada, history of, 188.

State University of, 157.
New Amsterdam, N. Y., history of,

210.
Newark,N. J.,historical sketch of, 297.
Newbnry, Mass., anniversary of set-
tlement of, 357.
Newcastle, Duke of, memorial pre-
sented to, 290.
New England, economic and social
history of, 9.
Hnbbard's map of, 261.
Maverick's account of, 261.
obligations of, to the County Kent,

279.
f alfrey's history of, 343.
social life in, 356.
New England colonies, illegal trade

in, 341.
New England Company, 277.
New England Federalism, 164.
New England Society of Brooklyn,

238.
New England Thanksgiving, 300.
New England town -house, 338. •
New England towns, Germanic origin

of, 165.
New Hampshire, colleges in, 157.

Historical Society of, 158.
New Haven, Conn., ancient houses
of, 358.
Church of the Ascension at 179.

New Haven, Conn. — Continned.

history of, 358.

or Colony of Nox, 211.

republic of, 303.

town and city government of, 303.

New Haven Colony, history of, 179.

New Haven Convention of 1778, 186.

New Jersey, afid Revolutionary war,

203.

catalogue of bills of credit of, 328.

College of, 158.

Provincial Congress of, 350.

troops of, in Revolutionary service,
351.
New Jersey Historical Society, 158.
New Mexico and her people, 213.

general laws of, 333.

history of, 188, 333.

Historical Society of, 158.

Spanish conquest of, 214, 215.

University of, 158.
New Orleans, municipal history of,
282.

Ursuline Convent at, 210.
Newport, R. I., siege of, 221.
Newton, Isaac, as Commissioner of

Agriculture, 116.
New Year's Day, origin of observance

of, 299.
New York Academy of Sciences, 158.
New York, and Ohio's centennial, 202.

and Uie Iroquois, 334.

Central, in the Revolution, 202.

Colonial, 202.

Constitutional Convention, 191.
. election and state of the country,
284.

gold conspiracy, 164.

growth of, 334.

Historical Society of, 158, 299.

review of the governor's message,
368.

State troops of, 217.

Sullivan's' expedition in 1779
against Indians in, 210.

University of, 158.
New York City, historical sketch of,
29a

origin, rise, and progress of, 298.

414

INDEX.

Niagara, Ontario, history of, 208.
Nicolay, John G., bibliography of,

314. ^

NiooUet. I. N. on meteorological ob-

senrations, 95.
Niebuhr, quoted, 37.
Nimrod, recent discoveries oonoem-

ing, 168.
the Kashite, language of, 274.
Nixon, Col. John, memoir of life of,

269.
Norman Constables in America, 165.
Norristown, observatory at, 108.
Norse element in English history, 353.
Norse kings, Bagas of the, 178.
North Carolina, University of, 158.
Northern lights in New England, re-
marks on, 260.
Northmen, America discovered by,

280.
North Pole, first American expedition

to, 329.
Northwest, development of, 308.
explorations to, 344.
oration at centennial of founding

of, 280.
place of, in history, 173.
Northwest Territory, beginning of leg-
islation in, 256.
division of, into States, 355.
land grants for education in, 296.
Norton, Charles Eliot, bibliography

of, 316.
Norway, constitutional crisis in, 201.
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, 349.
expulsion of Acadian French from,

181.
history of Government House, 181.
stone age of, 320.
Nox, New Haven or the colony of, 211.
Numismatic science, pleasures of,

328.
Numismatic Society, considerations

upon, 32^
Numismatics, American Journal of,

256.
Ober-Ammergau In 1875 and 1880,

325.
Ocean, depths of the, 254.

Ooean Pond, battle of, 293.
O'Conor, Chailes, recollections of,

194.
Odd Fellows Minstrel. 372.
Ohio, description of northeastern, 185.

early maps of, 184.

geographical history of, 185.

Historical and Philosophical Soci-
ety of, 159.

historical and pioneer societies in,
184.

history of counties of, 255, 256.

history of great seal of, 346.

ludiau migration in, f84.

Iroquois in, 184.

Refugee Tract in, 256.

sketches of governors of, 346.
Ohio University, 159.
Old Connecticut, article on, 29^.
Oldenburg Correspondence, 383.
Old Northwest, 278.
Old South, address on, 292.

Some features of, 278.
Old South Church, Boston, historical

catalogue of, 277.
Old Tappan, massacre near, 351.
Oliver, Mary, ancestry of, 180.
Olmatead, Hon. David, 372.
Oneida, earliest factories of, 197.
Oneida County Medical Society, 197.
Ordeal and torture, essays on, 302.
Order of Legion of Honor, 5r
Order of the Cincinnati, 5.
I Orders, Military, the, 182.
, Oregon, Historical Society of Astoria,
159.

history of, 188.

sketches of life in, 318.

University of, 159.
Oriskauy, battle at, 221, 222, 33a
Osborn^s Ancient Egypt, etc, 169.
OsWego, loss of, to tbQ British, 10.
Otis, Jam^es, 243.
Owen, Robert Dale, 124.
Oxford, study of history at, 27, 30.
Oyster industry, 248, 250.
Pacific coast, early voyages to, 210.
Page, John, 61.
Page, M^. R. C. M., diary of, 317.

IKDEX.

415

Page, Richard Cbanning Moore, bib-
liography off 316.

Page family in Virginia, genealdgy
of, 316.

Page's battery, sketch of, 316.

Paiue, Nathaniel, bibliography of, 317.

Palestine, modern, 168.

Palmer, Edward Henry, life of, 169.

Panama Canal, inspection of, 194.

Papaoy, rise and establishment of,
277.
secular downfall of« 278.

Paper money inflation in France, 369.

Parkman, Francis, 309, 379.
bibliography of, 318.

Parker, Chief- Jnstice Joel, memoir of,
265.

Paroles of Army of Northern Virginia,
199.

Parsons, Greneral Samael H., defense
of, against charge of treason, 307.

Partnership, law of, 335.

Patent, first one issued by ^United
States, 69.

Patent Office, history of, 68, 71, 143.

Patterson, Rev. George, bibliography
of, 319.

Patterson, Prof Robert, originator of
Coast Survey, 86.

Patton, Rev. William Weston, bibli-
ography of, 320.

Patton, Rev. William, tribute to mem-
ory of, 321.

Peabody, Judge Charles A., 2.

Peabody, George, eulogy on, 382.

Peace negotiations of 1782 and 1783,
286.

Peale's Natural History Museum, 62.

Pearce, James A., 124.

Peasant communities in France, 172.

Pedagogy of history, 308.
the teaching of, 164.

Peel, Sir Robert, 342.

Peet, Harvey Prindle, eulogy on,
241.

Pelham, Thomas, official correspond-
ence of, 11.

Pelham family, correspondence of, 10.

Penn, William, home life of, 215.

Pennsylvania, battle of the Crooked
Billet in, 214.
colonial church in, 323.
Connecticut settlers in, 211.
historical map of, 339.
Historical Society of, 159.
local government in, 255.
One hundred and fourteenth Regi-
ment, history of, 264.
religious tests in, 349.
University of, 159.
Pennsylvania Railroad, semi-centen-
nial of, 362.
Pentateuch, William Tyndale's, 169.
Percival, James G., recollections of,

296.
Perkins, A. T., bibliography of, 321.
Perry, Matthew Calbraith, 263, 264.
Perry, Oliver Hazard, 187, 263.
Perry, William Stevens, bibliography

of, 321.
Perry winkle and Pinny winkle, 247.
Phelan, James, bibliography of, 328.
Phelps, John Wolcott, life of, 281.
Phelps, N. Y., history of, 356.
Philadelphia, article on, 271.
in 1750, 301.

Numismatic and Antiquarian So-
ciety of, 270.
observatory at, 108.
Phillips, Henry, jr., bibliography of,

328.
Phillips, Jonathan, 277.
Phillips, William, and son, 277.
Phillip's Academy, centennial cele-
bration of, 308.
Phillip's Exeter Academy, history of,

190.
Philippson, Professor, at Brussels

University, 33.
Phoenicia, Rawlinson's story of, 169.
Pickering, Colonel, 67.
Pictou, Nova Scotia, history of, 320.
Pike's Peak, when named, 86.
Pilgrim Fathers as colonist«i, 165.
Pilgrim Society. 382.
Pilgrims, landing of the, 242.
Pio R^na. 34.
Pierce, Dr. John, journey of, 341.

41&

INDEX.

Pitcaim, Sfajor, 367.

Play fair, Sir Lyon, quoted, 125.

Ploetz, Carl, epitome of history by,

355.
Plymoutl/, Mass., tv^o hnndred and

fiftieth anniversary of landing at,

382.
' wills in probate office, 376.
, Plymouth Plantation, MS.' history

of, 376.
Plymouth Rock restored, 165.
Pocahontas, portrait of, 313.
Pocahontas family of Virginia, 253.
Poets, Easter with, 325.
Poinsett, Joel R., as Secretary of

"Wax, 111.
life of, 348.
Political economy, past and present

of, 231.
Political parties, 336.
Political patronage, 191.
Political reaction, catechism of, 4.
Politics, a madman in, 364.

the study of, 182.
Pollard, Prof. John, 2.
bibliography of, 329.
Polytechnic School of France, 140.
Pompeii, late discoveries at, 328.

pre-historic, 329.
Pontiac, conspiracy of, 319.
Poole, Dr. William Frederick, 2, 13,

18.
bibliography of, 329,
Pope, General, Virginia campaign of,

316, 335.
Pope Gregory XIII, and massacre of

St. Bartholomew, 286.
Popham colony, discussion of histor-
ical claims of, 329, 330.
Porter, Governor James D. , 386.
Porter, John Addison, bibliography

of, 331.
Porter, President, 124.
Porter, Robert M. , address on life and

character of, 304.
Posey family of Virginia, 253.
Potomac Company, 65, 166.
Powell, Maj. J. W., 86.

bibliography of, 332.

Powell family of Virginia, 253.
Prayer, common, history of book of,

323.
Preaching, history of, 280.
Preble, George H., biography of, 227,

318.
Pre-historic man, 233.
Presbyterians, civil status of, 162.
Presoott, on invasion o f M ezico, 47.
Prescott. Ticknor's life of, 342.
Prescott, Col. William, statne of,

384.
Prescott, William Uickling, memoir

of, 268.
Presidency, unsuccessful candidates

for, 298,
President, history of appointing

power of, .336.
Presidential administrations, history

of, 240.
Presidential campaign of 1876, issues

of. 286.
Presidential election, what it means

for America and Europe, 285.
Preston, John, descendants of, 200.
Preston, Howard Willis, bibliography

of, 332.
Preston, William C, 124.
Preston family of Virginia, 200.
Prince, Bradford L., bibliography of,

333.
Prince, Thomas, life of, 24a
Prince Edward Island, 349.
Prince Society, publications of, 343.
Pridon discipline and penal legisla-
tion, 305.
Privateers, colonial, in war of 1812,

20a
Prize causes, appeals of, 237.
Pro-slavery democracy, rise and fall

of, 284.
Protestant hero of seventeenth cen-
tury, 311.
Prussia, and Frederic the Great, 226.
culture conflict in, 201.
history of, 359.
rise of, 163.

territorial development of, 171,
Pryor family of Virginia, 253^

IKDEX.

417

Public lands donated to States provid-
ing colleges, 146.

Public records of Boston, suggestions
on the mode of indexing, 273.

Puffer family, 181.

Pnla8ki,*Ca8imir, an address on, 288.
sepulture of, 291.

Pulaski, Fort, seizure and reduction
of. 2ai.

Quakers, attitude of, in provincial
wars, 349.
in New England, 232.

Quebec, province and citj, 349.

Queene's County, agricultural history
of, 333.

Quesnay, Chevalier. 59.

Quicherat, Jules, 38.

Quincy, .Tosiah, address on, 205.

Quincy, Mass., history of, 163.

Bail and track, development of Ameri-
can, 363.

Kail manufacture, beginnings of, 362.

Railroad, t)ie pioneer^ of the West,
255.

Railroad transportation; its history
and its- laws, 264.

Railroads, early, in Kentucky, 229.
their origin, etc., 163.

Railway invasion of Mexico, 194.

Railway Maseum, European, 362.

Railway passenger-car, evolution of,
362.

Railway system of England and Amer-
ica, origin of, 362.

Railway trains, lighting of, by elec-
tricity, 362.

R%jozin's Media, 169.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 276, 295.

Ramsden. Jesse, 363.

Ramsey, Hon. Alexander, 374.

Ramsey, David, on the Constitution.
235.

Randolph^ Edmund. 70.
on the Constitution, 235.

Randolph, John, life of. 165.

Randolph family of Virginia, 253.

Ranke, Leopold von, 35, 166.

Rankin, Rev, J. E., 2.

Rawlinson, Prof. George, 169, 244.

S. Mis. 170 27

Raynal, Abb^, quoted, 131.
Read family of Virginia, 253.
Reade family, biography of, 218.
Rebellion, campi^gus of, 334.

history of beginning ofi 295.

in MUford Township in 1798, 214.

outbreak q(^ 314.

reminiscence of early stages of,
295.
Reed, Joseph, an historical study,
188.

character of, 351.
Reform schools, 336.
Religion, in ancient Greece, 171.

of the Romans, 171.

non-biblical systems of, 178.

study of; 46.
Religious organization, l^gal status

of, 201.
Renan's History of Isreal, 169.
Renier, L^n, 34, 41.
Renaissance, early, lectures on, 280.

Moslem influence on, 337.
Representative system in United

States. 136.
Republic, Frothingham's rise of, 343.
Republican party, genesis of. 195.
Revenue, government, American ays-
tem, 334.

national, 339.

surplus, of 1837, 196.
Revere, Paul, history of signal lan-
terns, 365.
Revolution, American, 215.

battles of, 203.

Durand on, 227.
Revolution, English,' 341.
Revolutionary Army, size of, 378.
Revolutionary War. 214, 221, 341.

battles of. 203, 204.

finances of, 199.

German sources for history of, 307.

Hessians in, 307.

history of, 187.

Indians in the, 211.

in Massachusetta, 365, 366.

naval history of, 378.

New Jersey soldiers in, 350, 351.

reader's hand-book of, 376.

418

INDEX.

Bevolntionary War— Continned.
reminiacenoeg of, by Bardu Ton

Cloaen, 5,
the Northwest in, 360. ^
western movement daring,- 12.
Reynolds, General Daniel H., 386.
Reynolds, General Jbhs F., memoir

of, 336.
Reynolds, Admiral William, 336.
Rhode Island, fisheries of, 206.
historv of, 240.

history of fortifications in, 209.
. operations in, 1776 to 1780, 221.
Sti^te colleges in, 159.
town government in, 240.
Rhode Island Historical Sociefy, 159.
Rhodes, James Ford, 2.
bihliography of, 333.
Rice, Rev. Lather, 79.
Richeliea, statesmanship of, 367.
Richmond, Ya., historical collections
at, 16.
history of, 198.
St. John ^8 charch in, 198.
Ridgely, James L., 373.
Riley, Prof. C. V., 63.
River and harbor bill, biography of,

267.
Bobbins, Rev. Chandler, memoir of, 344
Roberdeaa, Colonel, 107.
Roberdeaa, Col. Isaac, 78.
Roberts, Ellis Henry, bibliography

of, 333.
Rochambeaa, Connt de, 5.
Rochester, N.Y., semi-centennial of,

233.
Rogers, William Barton, biography

of, 360.
Rolfe family of Virginia, 253.
Roman Empire, history of, 47.
Romans, history of, 173.
Merivale^s history of, 343.
religion of, 171.
Rome, history of, 244.
Ropes, John Codman, bibliography of,

334
Roosevelt, Theodore, 2.
on the western movement daring
the Revolationary war, 12.

Rosengarten, Joseph George, biblio(^

raphy of, 335.
Robs, Denman Waldo, bibliography

of, 336.
Roaelle, Dr. Jean, 59.
Royal Academy, 138. '
Royal Arch Masons, 340.
Royal Institntion, 141.
Royal Society of London, 53, 13a
RuAis, William, Freeman's, 165.
Roschenberger, Dr. W. S W., 7a
Rash, Dr. Benjamin, 65, 66, 129.
Rash, Hon. Richard, 76^ 124.
Ross, John D., biography of, 298.
Rnssel, Professor, 25.
Rasaell, William Howard, 367.
Rassia, policy of, in the east, 164.
territorial development in, 1*3^1.
Rassian Charch, 347.
Russian civilization, tendencies of^

241.
Rassian serf system, 367. '
Russian state, archite^ of, 347.
Rost, Richard, 124.
Rye, N. Y., history of, 182.
Sabin family of America, 356.
Sage College, 35a
St Clair papers, 165, 309, 345.
St. John, General Isaac Monroe,

254.
St John, fire in, 348.
St Loais, government of, 347.
St Paal, Minn., history of, 372, 373.
Salaries of judicial ofiioerB of Geor-
gia, necessity for increasing of,

291.
Salem, Mass., British retreat from,

307.
first honses of, 360.
town records of, 360.
Salem witchcraft, article oh, 330.
Salmon, Lacy Maynard, -bibliography

of, 336.
Saltas Teatobargiensis, locality of

the, 173.
San Domingo, French Revolatioa

in, 4.
Santo Domingo Commission, report

of, 368.

INDEX.

419

SaDford, Elias Bei^amin, bibliog-
raphy of, 336.
San Frandfloo; establishment of ma-
nicipal governmeninn, 311.
old r^me of, 31^.
Sanger, William Cary, bibliography

of. 337.
Sanitary Commission, history of, 349.
Sanitary Commission Fair at St.

Louis, 349.
Saracens, story of the, 244.
Sargent, Prof. C. S., 83.*
Sargent,' Lncins Manltus, memoir of,

307.
Sanlt Ste. Marie Canal, Indian names

and history of, 295.
Savannah, mayor's report of, 288.
memorial history of, 293.
siege of, in 1779 and 1864, 288, 289.
Savannah River, ancient tamali on,

28a

Saxon tithingmen in America, 165.
Sazton, Greneral Rnfns, 2.
Saybrook, Conn., history of the early

settlement of, 272.
Sayce on ancient monuments, 169.
Scaife, Dr. Walter B., 2.
bibliography of, 337.
on ** Development of International
law, as to Newly Discovered Ter-
ritory," 7.
Scandinavian languages, their his-
tory, etc., 177.
Schenck, Elizabeth Hubbell, bibli-
ography of, 337.
Schmidt, Ad, 35.
Schoolcraft, explorations by, 86.'
School histories, 257.
School of Medicine of France, 140.
School of Mines, French, 138.
School of Roods and Bridfijes, French,

138.
Schools, civil government in, 354.
public, 164.

public, in Kentucky, 228.
Schoulef, James, 2.
bibliography of, 338.
on ''The Spirit of Historical Re-
search," 17, 43-51.

Schupfer, of Rome, 35.
Schuyler, General, 67.
Schuyler, M^j. Gen. Philip, 221.
Schwenkfeldeis, the, 353.
Science, American Association for

Advancement of, 112.
National Institution for Promotion

of. 111.
natural, in public sehoola. 297.
political, study of, at Columbia

College, 24,.
social and its methods, 311.
studies in historical and political,

281.
warfare of, 369.
Scientific and educational institu-
tions, Dr. Goods on, 53^161.
Scientific and industrial education in

United States, 368. *
Scientific men and institutions in

America, 250.
Scott, Prof. Austin, 2, 6.
Scott, Eben Greenongh, bibliography

of, 337.
Scott, Capt. Martin, 372.
Sootiand, history in universities of,

27.
poets and poetry of, 375.
Soottow, Joshua, and John Alden,

277.
Scripps, James E., bibliography of^

33a
Scripps family, history of, 338.
Scudder, Nathaniel, 352.
Seabury, Bishon, 271, 322.
Seabury, Rev. Samuel, life of, 190.
Seal fishery, 206, 207.
Seals and coats-of-arms on wills in

Sufiblk County, Mass., 321.
Seals as a mode of authenticating

documents, 265.
Seaton, William Winston, 78.
Secession, 335.

afiected by climatic influences, 202.
cause of, 311.

in Switzerland and United States,
219.
Secessionists, New England, 186.
Second Army Corps, history of, 360.

420

INDEX.

Seeley, Prof. J. R., at Univenity of

Cambridge, 27.
Selden family of Vii^ia* 253.
Semiramis, legends of, 169.
Semitic langnageSf Dr. Adler on, 169.
Sennacherib, death o^ 169.
Sessions. Francis C, 256.

bibliography of, 33a
Seven years' war, diplomatic prelude

to, 309.
Sewall, Jotham Bradbnry, bibliogra-

phy of, 338.
Sewall, May Wright, bibliography

of, 338.
Sewall, Samael, letter-book of, 205.
Sewall, Thomas, 76,7a
Seward. William H.. 306, 347:
Shaftsbnry, Lord, 342.
Sharswood, George, memoir of, 271.
Shaw, Albert, bibliography of, 33a *
Shaw, William Smith, notice of, 341.
Shawmut Congregational Church,

264.
Sheafer, Peter Wenrich, bibliogra-
phy of, 339.
Shelburne, Mass., sketch of, 307.
Sheridan, General Philip H., eulogy

on, 361.
Sheridan's cavalry, last hours of, 224.
Sherman, John, the home of, 255.
Sherman, General W. T., 124.
Sherman's march from Atlanta to the

coast, 291.
Shermerhorn, Betsy Hening, 254.
Sherrod, Hon. William C, 254.
Sherrod family of Virginia, 253.
Shoemaker, Colonel, war sketch by,

339.
Shoemaker, Michael, bibliography of,

339.
Shofar; its use and origin, 170.
Short-hand, papers on, 195.
Shurtleff, N. B., memoir of, 341.
Sickel, Theodore, 39.
Sidney, Algernon, 380.
Sidney, Sir PhUip, 342.
Signal Service, history of, '99.

Judge Daly on value of, 100.
Silk-worms, treatise on, 63.

Sillimao, Benjamin, 232, S7a

Sioux war, article on, 314.

Skeat's etymological dictionary, 169.

Skepticism and woman, 321.

Slave colony, effects of frei^om on

a, 191.
Slaveiy, American, 45.
at Jamaica, 191.
history of, in United States, 212,

284.
in Rome, Allen on, 170.
.the institulkon of, 197.
Slave songs in the United States, 170l
Slidell, Harriet D., 244.
Smiley, Charles W., 248.
Smith, Charles Card, bibliography of,

340-345.
Smith, Edward Payson, bibliography

of, 345.
Smith, Capt. John, 164, 240, 276.
Smith, Melancthon, on the Constita-

tion, 235.
Smith, Rev. Dr., memoir of, 349.
Smith, Samuel H., 78.
Smith, Sidney, life and correspond-
ence of, 341.
Smith, Rev. Thomas Mather, a me-
morial of, 32a
Smith, Rev. WUliam, 236.
Smith, William Henry, 2.
bibliography of, 345.
on correspondence of Pelham fam*
ily, 10.
Smith, William R., 110.
Smith family of New York, 3ia

of Viiginia, 253.
Smithson, James, and his bequest, 80.
Smithson bequest and a national ob-
servatory, 104, 106.
Smithsonian Institution, 3.
and American Historical Aasocia-

tion, 18.
library of, 122,*123.
organization of, 120.
origin and history of, 80.
publications of, 121.
Regents of, 124.

relation of, to Government, 124,
work of, 122.

INDEX.

421

Smithflonian meteorological system,

98.
Smoots, CoL 6. P., 254.
Smyth, Albert Henry, 347.
Snow, Dr. Freeman, 2.

on Congressional government, 9.
Snow, Marshall S., bibliography of,

347.
Social science and its methods, 311:
^Socialism; in Scotland, 339.
French and German, 231.
Society, modem, historical foundation

of, 311.
Somerville, Mary, 343.
Sons of the Americad Revolution, €6.
Soto, Hernando de, sketch of, 289.
Sonthall family of Virginia, 253.
Southampton, Pa., Baptist church,

history of, 215.
Southard, Hon. S. L., 78, 90.
South Carolina, education in, 213L
University of. 159.
visit to, 309.
South Carolina Historical Society, 159,
Southern Historical Society, 15.
Southern independence, 349.
Southern States, historical studies in,

15.
Southey's life and correspondence,

341.
Spain: the Orient and the Occident,

209.
Spaniards, march of, across Hlinois,

309.
Sparhawk &mUy 281.
Sparks, Jared, 6, 21, 167.

manuscripts of, 379.
Spitzer **Dir Uhr," review of, loa
Spofford, A. B., 2.
Spotswood family of Virginia, 253.
Spring, Leverett Wilson, bibliography

of, 348.
Springfield, Mass., early legislation

in, 190.
Stanton in the war, 346.
State academies of science, listof, 115.
State autonomy versus State sover-
eignty, 282.
State Leg^lature, 339.

Stete sovereignty, de Peyster on, 2ia

States' rights theory, Welling on,
364.

Steughton, Bev. WiUiam, 7a

Steamboat, American, name of in-
ventor of, 312.

Steamboats, history of, on western
waters, 22a

Steinaches, centennial of the, 181.

Stenography, papers on, 195.

Stephens, Alexander H., funeral ora-
tion on, 291.

Stewart, George, jr., bibliography
of, 34a
on historical studies in Canada, 17.

Stewart, George William, bibliog-
raphy of, 349.

Stiles, President, of Yide, 22.

Stilh^, Dr. Charles J., 2, 13.

, bibliography of, 349.

Stitts family of Virginia, 25a

Stjemlijelm, Georg, iatherof Swedish
poetry, 311.

Stockbridge, Henry, 2.
bibliography of, 350.

Stockbridge, Mass., origin of, 16a

Stokes, Dr. Jonathan, 59.

Stone, Amasa, 27a

Stone, George H., 2.

Stone age in Asia and AiHca, 329.

Stony Point, capture of, 222.

Story, Joseph, 24a

Strike in Southwest in 1886, 352.

Strikes and lockouts in United States,
38a

Strikes in Massachusetts, 1830-1880,
385.

Strong, Henry, 2.

Stryker, William Scudder, bibliog-
raphy of, 350.

Strieker &mily, genealogy of, 351.

Stuart; Elizabeth, 219.

Stuart, Gilbert, life and works of,
269, 271.

Stuart, General J. K B., 335.

Stuart, Mary, Queen of Scotts, 223,
224.

Suffrage, manhood, Vermont insista
on, 14.

422

INDEX.

Sullivan's expedition against Indians

in 1779, 210.
Sumner, Charles, 238, 279.
Sumner, John Osborne, 2.

on records of Confederate States, 14.
Sumner, William, descendants of, 181.
Superstitions, old-time, 329.
Supreme Court, United States, decis-
ions of, 213.
Sutherland, James, bibliography of,

362.
Swamp Angel, the, 352,
Swansea, Mass., sketch of town of,

307.
Sweden, Crown and Parliament of,

311.
Swedenborg, Emanuel, 193, 195.
Swedish revolution under Gustavus

Yassa, 363.
Swedish scholar, article on, 311.
Swift, Ex-Governor Heniy A., 372.
Swiss history, a study in, 360.
Switzerland, federal government of,

312,

secession in, and in United States,
219.

Swordfish fishery, 207, 24a

Sybel, 35.

Sylvesters, historic home of, at Shel-
ter Island, 300.

Tabasco, Mexico, remarks on, 268.

Taft, Royal Chapin, bibliography of,
352.

Tait, Hon. Charles, 254.

Tait family of Virginia, 253.

Talmudisten, Die Medizin der, 169.

Taney, Roger B., 124.

Tanner, Professor, at St. John's Col-
lege, 27.

Tappan, Arthur and Lewis, 197.

Tariff, 339.

Tariff history of United States, 352.

Tattnall, Josiah, life and services of,
289.

Tatum family of Virginia, 253.

Taussig, Frank William, bibliography
of, 352.

Taxation in America, 231.

Taylor, Hannis, 16.

Temperance reformation, AndeiBon
on, 174.

Tennessee, cholera in, 305.
early settlers of, 386,
histoxy of, 328.
military annals of, 305.
school history of, 328.
University of, 160.

Tennessee Historical Society, 160.

T^not, Eugene, on Napoleon III,.
167.

Territorial development in Europe,
171.

Texas, history of, 188.
University of, 160.

Thalhbimer, Mary Elsie, on ancient
history, 352.

Thanksgiving, first celebration of, in
Paris, 192.

Thayer, Brig. Gen. Sylvan us, biogra-
phy of, 209.

Theater, church and, 353.

Theology, discussions in, 232.

Thirty years' war, religious xispect of,
226.

Thomas, General George H., sketch of,
219, 221.

Thomas, General, in Kentucky, 315.

Thompson, Robert Ellis, bibliogra-
phy of, 353.

Thomdike family, sketch of, 321.

Thornley, Mr., at Trinity Hall, 27.

Thornton, Capt. Seth Brett, 254.

Thornton, William, 78.

Thornton family of Virginia 253.

Thorpe, Francis Newton, bibliogra-
phy of, 353.

Thorpe, George, 62.

Thwaites, Reuben Gold, bibliography
of, 354.

Tibbitts, Brig. Gen. W. B., 223.

Ticknor, George, memoir of, 269.

Tillinghast, William Hopkins, bib-
liography ot^ 355.

Titus, Anson, bibliography of, 356.

Titus family of America, 356.

Tobacco, history of, in Virginia, 198.

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 342.

Todd, Col. John, record book o^ 309.

INDEX.

423

Tolerationisto, political party called^

11.
Tombs in Old Trinity, 2d7.
Toms River, capture of Block Honae

at, 351.
Toner, Dr. Joseph Meredith, 2, 13.
Toombe, Robert, address* on, 292.
Toppan, Robert Noxou, bibliography

of, 357.
Toistenson, Leonard, life of, 217, 220,

224.
Totten, General, 124.
Toussaint de I'Oavertare, 192. *
Town jsovemnient in Rhode Island,

240.
Townsend, Edward Davis, anecdotes

of civil war by, 357.
Town, township, and tithing, 173.
Trade unions, benefit features of, 191.
Transportation, travel and, 363.
Traun, Austrian field- marshal, 219.
Treaties, fishery, 250.

foreign, of the United States, 213.
Treaty of Geneva, 212.
Tremain, Brig. Gen. H. E., 222.
Trent' affair, article on, 295.
Trenton, old barracks at, 351.
Trenton one hundred years ago, 350.
Trent, Prof. William Peterfield, 2.
bibliography of, 357.
on historical studies ii| the South-
em States, 15.
Travithick, credit for the locomotive

due, 362.
Triuity College, history of, 272.

hisjtory at, 27.
Trowbridge, Thomas Rutherford, jr.,

358.
True, A. C, 151.
True, Frederick W., 247.
Trutubull, J. Hammond, 168, 240.
Trumbull, Jonathan, 5.
Trumbull, Lynmn, 124.
Truro, Nova Scotia, .history of, 181.
Tucker family of Virginia, 253.
Tucker, George Fox, on the Monroe

doctrine, 358.
Tnckerman, Bayard, bibliography of,

358.

Tudor, William, -jr., memoir of,

341.
TuUy, Prof. William, notice of, 199.
Turner, Frederick Jackson, bibliog-
raphy of, 358.
Tuttle, Prof. Herbert, 25.

bib] iography of, 359.
Tyler, President John, 118, 120.
Tyler, President Lyon G., 2.
on histbry of William and Mary Col-
lege, 14.
on letters and timea of the Tylers,
359.
Tyler, Prof. Moses Ooit, 25i

bibliography of, 359.
Tyndale, William, 169.
Union League Club of New York; an

address, 285.
United States, address to people of,
129.
coinage o^ 329.
exploring expedition. 111.
Government, coercive powers of,

265.
education of women in, 338.
historical literature in, 167.
historical writing in, 283.
history of, 187, 197, 231, .302, 307,

31 L
history of, by Bigelow. 192.
history of, by Gay, 242.
history of, by Hlldreth, 331.
history of life in, 229, 230.
history of the people of, 204.
history of, under Jefferson, 165.
maps of, 260.
political literature of, 335.
political situation in, 285.
political struggles of, 307.
teaching of history in, 20.
territorial growth of, 312.
United States Military Philosophical

Society, 68.
Uniyersalism, early American, 357.
Universities, list of State, 151, 161.
' of Holland, degrees taken at, 31.
' origin of German, 202.
I University and the Bible, 210.
1 University at Washington, 371.

424

INDEX.

University, Dalhousie, 181.
extension, 167, 168.
Federal, plan of, 126, 127, 12a
* Xaiiona], Washington's interest in,

166.
University 6f Michigan, history of,

163, 179, 369.
University of Maryland, foundation

of, 62.
University of Nashville, report on,

304.
University of North Carolina, foonda-

tion of, 62.
University of Pennsylvania, foondi^

tion of, 62.
University of State of New York, 233.
University of Vermont, foundation of,

62.
University of Virginia, influence of,

867.
University of Virginia, Jefferson and,

167.
University work, co-operation in, 166.
University, the American, 202.
Upham, Henry P., 374.
Upham, William P., hibliography of,

359.
Upshur, Hon. A. P., naval work of,

118.
Ursulines, the voyage of, 210.
Usselinx, William, 283.
Utah, history of, 188.
University in, 160.
Utica, N. Y., the pioneers of, 197.
Utica Orphan Asylum, history of, 198.
Utrecht, study of history at, 31.
Van Bnren's administration, 111.
Vance, Secretary of Navy, 106.
Van Cortlandt Manor House, 299.
Van Curler, Arendt, 263.
Vanderkindere, Professor, at Brussels

University, 33.
Vane, Sir Henry, 243.
Vasa, Gnstavus, 363.
Vason, Col. W. J., 254.
Vaughan, family of Virginia, 253.
Venable family of Virginia, 253.
Venetian diplomacy, records of, 335.
Venice, archives of, 35.

Venus, transit o^ 108.
Vergennes, Count de, 286.
Vermont Historical Society, 160.
Vermont, University of, 160.
Verplanck, Gulian Commelin, dia-

oourse on the life of, 268.
Vetch, Samuel, biographical sketch

of, 320.
Veterinary School of France, 140.
Vioe-Presidency, 278.
Viean, Andrew J., narrative of, 355i.
Vigo, Francis, 184.
Viking tales of the North, 177.
VUlage communities in America, 165.
Villari, Profeaaor, 19, 33.
Vincennes, Ind., 255w
Vincent, John Martin, 2.

bibliography of; 360.
Virginia, charter for, 332.

Colonial Church in, 323.

English culture in, 357.

executivea of 1606 to 1689, 199.

Henrico Parish in, 19a

Historical Society of, 160.

history of, 198, 276.

history of tobacco in, 198.

iron manufacture in, 198.

pedigree of flEunilies in, 252.

pioneers of, 200.

proceedingis of First Assembly o(^
187.

proposed scientific institution, 1788,
59.

under Charles L and XL, 314.

University of^ 160.
Virginia Company of England, 62.
Virginia Company of London, history

of, 313.
Virginia during reign of James I, 314.
Visitation, right of, report on, 340.
Voltaire, glimpses o( 347.
Von Closen, Baron, in American War

oi Independence, 9.
Von Hoist, Dr. H., 9.
Von Banke, Leopold, 166.
Votes, counting of, 346.
Waddington, 41.
Wade, B. F., 36a
Wadsworth Athensnin, 16a

INDEX.

. 425

•Wages and prices in MaasadnBttetts,
385.

Wagner battery, evaonation of, 293. \

Wahabeeism, study of, 353.

Waite, Morrison R., Chief- Jostioe,
124, 301.
genealo^ of, 297.

Waitz, on State seminaries, 37.

Walker, Amasa, life of, 361,

Walker, C. J., in history of Michi-
gan, 360.

Walker, Francis A., 164.
bibliography of, 360.

Walker, Rev. James, sermon on, 238.

Walker family of Virginia, 253.

Wall street, history of, 298.

Wallace, Judge Caleb, 372.

Walla Walla City, review of govern-
ment of, 294.

Wallenstein, rise and fall of, 227.

Walrus fishery, 206. '

War, Union, prelude to, 348.

Walworth, Mrs. Ellen Harden,2, 3, 17.

War and self-defense, primitive
Christians' estimate of, 302.

War in theory and practice, 335.

War of 1812, burning of Washington
in»295.
campaigns of, 209.
influence of, 202.

War with Mexico, history of, 297.

Ward family of Virginia. 253.

Ware, Charles P., 170.

Ware, Henry, jr., memoir of, 341.

Ware, Joseph, journal of Arnold's
expedition by, 376.

Wareham, Mass., impressments at, 196

Warfield, President E. D., 2.

Warfield, Ethelbert Dudley, bibliog-
raphy of, 361.
paper by, 13.

War Records office, 15.

Warren, John, life of, 343.

Warren, General, statue to, 364.

Warren, Wm, W., 373.
genealogy of, 361.

Wars of United States, German sol-
dier in, 336.

Wan on seaboard, 344.

Warville, Brissot de, 298.
WMhburn, EUhu B., 347.
Washburn, WiUiam Barrett, addreto

on, 280.
Washington, General George, 5, 906,
301, 306.

and higher education, 164.

farewell address of, 237.

inauguration of, 197, 301, 327.

interest in science, 63.

land speculations of, 165, 166.

letters of, 347.

on a national university, 64, 65.

on the Delaware in 1776, 215.

portraits of, 269, 271, 287.

public spirit of, 165.

reception of, by people of New Jer-
sey, 351.
Washington Monument^ 203, 380, 384.
Washington City, burning of, 295.

origin and administration of, 331.

state and society in, 297.

University of, 161.
Washington College, 65.
W&teh-Ben-Hazael, prince of the Ke-

darenes, 274. •>

Waterbuiy, Conn., history of, 175,

176, 199.
Waterloo, campaign of, 334, 335. '
Water-ways, historic, 355.
Watkins, X Elfreth. 2.

bibliography of, 362.
Watkinaon Library, 168.
Watrous, George Dutton, bibliog-
raphy of, 363.
Watson, Paul Barron, bibliography

of, 36a
Wattenbach, 35.

Watts family, biography of, 218.
Watts genealogy, 225.
Wayland, Francis, 179.
Wkyne, General Anthony, 225.
Weather Signal Service, history of, 99.
Webster, Belatiah, on the Constitu-
tion, 235.
Webster, Daniel, life of, 306, 346.

public career of, 346.

quoted, 49.

statue of, 382.

426

INDEX*

WebBter, Noah, on the Confltifcation,
236.

Webster genealogy, 234.

Websteriana, bibliographia, 271.
by P. L. Ford, 234.

Weed, Tbarlow, home of, 300.

Weeden, William B., 2.
on economic and social history of
New England, 9.

Weightman, Hon. Roger, 78.

Welch, Judge Hugh, Indian narra-
tive of, 184.

Weld, Isaac, quoted, 121.

Welland, Ontario, history of, 207.

Welling, James Clarke, 2, 66, 76,
124.
bibliography of, 'S63.

Wesleyan University, bibliography of
alumni of, 249.
history of, 245.
^ West, great, discovery of, 319.

West, history of, fro^m 1763 to 1783,
331.

West, Sir Thomas, 200.

West Indies, progress and results of
emancipation in, 284.

West Point, Military Academy at, 67.
register of officers and graduates,
208.

West Virginia Historical Society, 161.

West Virginia University, 161 .

Western land cessions, important doc-
uments relating to, 279.

Western movement during Revolu-
tionary war, 12.

Western reserve, sale of, 279.

Western State, institutional begin-
nings in a, 309.

Weymouth, Mass., settlement of, 163.

Weymouth Historical Society, 260.

Whale fishery, American, 206, 207.

Whales and porpoises. 251.

Wharton family of Virginia, 253.

Wheeler, Prof: A. M., at Yale College,
22.

Wheeler, William A., 124.

Wheelwright, John, 190.

Wheildon, William Willder, bibliog-
raphy of, 364.

White, Androw Dickson, 2, 3, 6, 18,

22, 24.
bibliography of, 367.
on political reaction, 4.
White, Mary — Mrp. Robert Morris,

269.
White, Col. Thomas, descendants of,

310.
Whitefield, Rev. George, life of, 179.
White House and its memories, arti-
cle on, 300.
White Plains, N. Y., history of, 182.
Whitney, Prof. Josiah D., 65.
Whiteitt, William Heth, bibliography

of, 371.
Whittier, John G., celebration of

eightieth birthday, 356.
remarks on, 230.
Whittlesey, Col. Charles, 1.85.
Widney, Rev. Harvey Shipp; 373.
Wild, Ebenezer, diary of, 37a
Wilde, Richard Henry, life and neg-
lected grave of, 291.
Wilder. Marshall Pinckney, 277.
Wilkes, Capt. Charles, expedition Qf, .

111. • •

Wilkins, Bishop, 53.
Willard, Solomon, memoir of, 364.
William and Mary College, history of,

14.
William III, influence of, on America

298.
William IV, reign of, by Mias Mar-

tineau, 341.
Williams family, genealogy of, 374.
Williams, Frederick Wells, 372,
Williams, General Jonathan, 68.
Williams, John Fletcher, bibliography

of. 372.
Williams, Samuel Wells, 372.
Williams College, State appropriation

to, 156.
Willis, William, a tribute to the

memory jof, 268.
Willoughby, W. W., 2.
Wilson, James, on the Constitution,

235.
Wilson, General James Grant, 2.
bibliography of, 374.

INDEX*

427

Wilson, Col. John M., 68.
Wilson, Professor, 343.
Wilson, Prof. Thomas, 2.
Wilson, Wpodrow, on the State, 375.
Winslow, Edward,. 375.
Winslow, Miron, genealogy of, 376. •
Winslow, William Copley, bibliogra-
phy of, 375.
Winsor, Dr. Justin, 2, 16, 1&

bibliography of, 376.

on Perils of Historical Study, 17.
Winston-Henry Grenealogy, 276.
Winthrop, Governor John, 53, 381.

early life of, 343.

in New England, 3^3.
Winthrop, Hon. Robert C. , 67, 24a

bibliography of, 380.
Wirt, William, 76, 7a
Wisconsin, boundaries of, 365.

character of fur trade in, 359.

history of, 352, 358.

history of Winnebago County, 354.

University of, 161.
Wisconsin Historical Society, 161,

355.
Wistar, Dr., 72.

WisVall family of America, 356.
Witchcraft, Cotton Mather and, 330.

in Boston, 331.

in Connecticut, 303.

literature of, 3.
Wolcott, Conn., history of, 174.
Wolfe, history of, 319.
Wolfe, F. A., establisher of philolog-
ical seminary, 35.
Womach family, genealogy of, 386.
Woman in Indiana, 3.38.
Women as educators, 338.
Women, Grecian and Boman, 349.
Woodbum, James A., 2.
Woodstock, Conn., history of, 197.
Woodstock Academy, history of, 197.
Woolen manufacture, history of, 352.

Woolsey^ President, at Yale College,

22.
Worcester, Maso., address on two hun-
dredth anniversary pf, 279.

historical notes on, 317, 318.

history of second parish of, 262.

notes on Paine &mily of, 317.

public libraries of, 262.

societies, associations, clubs in, 318.
Working-men of the United Stated

190, 191.
Working-women of Baltimore, 167.
Wrangell, Baron, explorations by,

364.
Wrighty Carroll Davidson, bibliog-
raphy of, 385.
Wright family, genealogy of, 386.
Wright, Greneral Marcus J., 2.

bibliography of, 386.

on John Brown» 9.
Wright's Empire of the Hittites,

169.
Wynne's historical documents, 198.
Wyoming, attack on, in 1778, 211.

history of, 188.

University of, 161. •
Wythe, George, 14.
Yager, Arthur, bibliography of, 386.
Yale College, corporation of, 332.

ecclesiastical constitution of, 186.

history of Church of Christ in, 232.

life at, 332.

Phi Beta Kappa, address at, 349.

record of class of 1878 at, 332.

study of history at, 6, 22, 23, 166.
Yamacrawa, sketch of chief of, 288.
Yorktown, Va., celebration at, 384.

Nelson House at, 198.

siege of, 227.

why Comwallis was at, 242.
Young, Arthur, 63.
Young, Ernest, 164.
Zumbini, of Naples, 34. ^

51ST Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

1st Session. ) \ No. 171.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

June 20, 1890. --Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Edmunds submitted the following
RESOLUTION:

Mesolvedj That a committee of seven be, and is hereby, constituted,
whose duty it shall be to take into immediate consideration the state
of the administrative service of the Senate and report to the Senate as
early as may be what measures should be adopted in respect of the
greatest efficiency and economy of the service.

8. Mis. 4- — 39

61st Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis.Doa

1st Session. § (No, 172.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

Juke 24, IBQO.'-PreeeDted by Mr. Pettigrew, referred to the Committee on Appro-
priations and ordered to be printed ; to accompany amendment to U. K. 10726.

PAPERS RELATING TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INDIAN
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AT FLANDREAIJ, SOXTTH DAKOTA.

• Department of the Interior,

Washington, February 6, 1890.

Sir : This Department is in receipt, by reference of 22d ultimo, from
your committee, for examination and report, of S. 2167, " To provide
for bniiding and maintaining an Indian Industrial School at Fiandreau,
in the State of South Dakota."

In response thereto I have the honor to transinit herewith copy of
communication of 29th ultimo, from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs,
to whom the matter was referred, in which, after a brief discussion of
the advantages to be derived from the establishment of a school at
Fiandreau, he expresses the opinion that the school service will be
greatly benefited by the passage of Senate bill No. 2167.
The bill is herewith returned.
Very respectfully,

J. W. Noble,

Secretary.
The Chairman Committee on Indian Affairs,

United States Senate.

Department of the Interior,

Office op Indian Affairs,
Washingtanj D, C, January 29, 1890.

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
Jaunary 22, inclosing copy^ of Senator Pettigrew's bill to provide for
building and maintaining an Indian Industrial School at Fiandreau, in
the State of South Dakota, and appropriating for the purpose $60,(K)0,
introduced in the Senate January 20, 1890, and referred by the honor-
able Senate Committee on Indian Affairs to the Department of the In-
terior for examination and report.

The Fiandreau Indians in South Dakota have long since taken their
lands in severalty, and are an industrious and fairly prosperous com-
munity, citizens of the new State, and a part of its civilization, exer-
cising the franchise with a good degree of intelligence and appreciat-
ing its importance.

Fiandreau is conveniently situated with reference to the great Sioux
Ueservations west of the Missouri Biver and the Sisseton Re&^tN^\\Q\:L

2 INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AT FLANDREAU, SOUTH DAKOTA.

ou Lake Trav^eise. It will therefore be a good location for an indastrial
school, inasmuch as it will be in the same climate as the Siooz Beser-
vations, and at no great distance therefrom, bat far enough away to
escape the demoralizing influences of the example of the older Indians
on the reservation,

A school located at Flandreau, and properly conducted, will have
many of the advantages now obtaining at the large Eastern schools,
with few of the disadvantages alleged against the latter schools by
the advocates of reservation schools.

The example of the Flandreau Indians tilling the soil, living in
houses, and engaged in all the pursuits of civilized life, would be an
object-lesson to the pupils from the reservation tribes of great value.

I would therefore respectfully state, in my opinion, the school service
will be greatly benefited by the passage of Senate bill No. 2167.
Very respectfully,

T. J. Morgan,

Commi89ioner.

The Secretary of the Interior.

Sioux Falls, S. Dak., March 17, 1890.
My Dear Mr. Pettigrew : Permit me to write a few lines in the interest of the In-
dian boarding-school which has been proposed for the town of Flandrean.

(a) The town is one of the best situated in Sonth Dakota.

(b) The country is not excelled in prodnctiveness by any part of the State.
(o) There is an Indian population in the county of seyeral hundred.

(d) The town is easy of access from the Sisseton Reserve on the north and from the
great Sioux Reserve on the west.

(a) There is already a nucleus of an enterpriee of the kind now advocated in an
Indian day-school which has been conducted by the United States in the town of
Flandrean for many years.

(/) The relations of the white people and the Indians in the country have been
mutually satisfactory.

In view of these facts, and of oth«rs which might be mentioned, I think the estab-
lishment of an Indian industrial boarding-school in Flandrean very desirable. I
write with some knowledge, as I have visited the Indians near Flandrean every year
of the past seventeen years and have known the town ever since it was begun.
Tonrs, very truly,

W. H. Hare,

Missionary Bishop.

We, the undersigned, head-men and members of the Sisseton and Wahpeton Sioux
Indians, residents of South Dakota, do hereby petition that the honorable Commis-
sioner of Indian Affairs do recommend that the^resent Congress establish an indus-
trial school for the education of the Indians at Flandreau, S. Dak.

We make this petition because we fully believe that the best interests of education
amoug the Sioux Indians in this manner will be advanced by est'ablishing a school
in a locality where all the Indians have become civiiif^ed and Christianized, and thus
will exercise the most powerful influence for good amon^ our peonle :

Gabriel Renville, Wilan Epinoupa, Amos Ecetnkiya, Hoklina Vaste, Akipa,
Wakanto, Tiomanipi, Winmeli Eluta, JohnT. Lynd, John Redearth, Dan.
Rcdoarth, Henry Redearth, Willie Red Earth, Tommi Yage, Caske Mace-
hirmaga, Lio Skiusmaza, Innihon, Philip LaBatts, Zachary Floete, John
Campbell, Samuel Quinn, John Bear, Henr^ A. Bear, Moses Red Day, Frank
W. Cutting, Sylvest'Cr Robertson, Davi Faribanlt. William Faiibault, James
Lang, Wicankabdecena, Alexis P. Bailly, David Eastman, William L. Qnino,
D. J. Robertson, Victor Renville, Tukisko, Alexis F. Bailly, Peter Renvilie,
Wowemnaka, Sayapi, Wiciniha, Herkawayakapi, Gigiya, Moses Renville,
Pteona, Mapiyotokahna, Ohitinaka, Robert White, Thos. E(^gle, Tawahik-
peatan, Felix Randell.

INDIAN INDUSTBIAL SCfHOOL AT PLANDREAU, SOUTH DAKOTA. 3

Adam Hepa, Rncena, Wioanepiduta, Totiyopom^ja, George, B. Keble, Wam-
inuha, Charles LoYejoy, Charley BlaeDog, Oyemanza, Simkatoicaye, Nig-
atopana, Toparyatanke, Wakinyansapa, Piya, Elia Renville, Chas. Good
Boy, Rinana, Qeo» H. Bailly, John BaiUe, Joseph DeMarrias, Narcis W.
DeMarriai*, Thomas QatDn, Samuel Red Crow, Thomas Lawrence, G. A.
Robertson, Benedict M. Bearer, Alexander J. Cold, Joseph M. Bearer, Da-
vid Two Stars, TebunkaKaska, Ma^hobtaste, Thiraka, Ritkanasa, Deban,
Knnpeska, Hoksina Wanyakapi, Itehekta, Cankn Yaneina, Nakpata, Snn-
kaska, Soms Ranville, Dowankokipapi, Danhoksiua, Anderson Crawford,
Thomas Crawford, Adam N. Crawford, Henry A. Crawford, Gabriel D.
Robertson, Jacob Heduta, Tawahinkpeota, Chas. R. Crawford.

51st Congress, ) SENATE. - i Mis. Doo.

Ist Sess^ion. i » \ No. 173.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

JUNB 24, 1890. — Presented by Mr Morqak, referred to the Committee on Foreign Re-
lations^ and ordered to be printed.

PETITION OF a. RODNB7 BURT AND OTHER CITIZENS OF THE
UNITED STATES IN RELATION TO CERTAIN LANDS O^W^NED
B7 THEM IN THE FIJI ISLANDS.

To the Preindent of the United States of North America^ Washington^ D.

C, and the Fifty-first Congress :

This, the petition of the andersigned, who by birth or uataralization
are citizens of the United States of North America, respectfully show-
eth:

That, first, your petitioners are the true and rightful owners of certain
lands in the Fijian group of islands in the South Seas, now known as
the British Colony of Fiji, or are directly interested in claims to the
ownership of lands in the said group of islands preferred by citizens of
the^United States, and that title deeds or crown grants for such lands
have been wrongfully and unjustly refused to them by the British Gov-
ernment, whereby your petitioners have suffered grievous wroug, and
have been subjected to serious pecuniary loss and injury.

That, second, all the aforesaid lands were alienated by their native
owners long prior to the cession of the islands by the chiefs thereof to
Great Britain, and became the proi)erty of American citizens by deed
of purchase, or by other lawful or equitable modes of acquisition or
transfer. From consular records it appears that the purchase of lands
in Fiji from the natives by American citizens dates from as far back
as 1846, whilst the deed of cession was only signed in 1874.

That, third, prior to the completion of the act of cession to Great
Britain, our resident consular officer, in conjunction with the consul of
the Imperial Germanic Government, recorded a protest with the min-
isters of Cakobau, then recognized as King of Fiji, against such cession
being carried out to completion unless the rights to lands and other
privileges acquired by American and German citizens were fully pro-
tected.

That, fourth, by and under the provisions of the deed of cession all
lands bona fide alienated to European and other foreign owners by the
natives prior to the date of cession were (subject to investigation) to
be recognized as the lands of such persons.

That, fifth, with the view of ascertaining what lands had so been
bona fide alienated, it was decided by the British Government to ap-
point a commission to inquire into all claims to lands so arising, and
under date of March 4, 1875, the British colonial secretary wrote to the
then governor of Fiji as under — i. e. :

Ist. "With the view of disturbing as little as possible existing ten-
ures, and of maintaining all contracts honestly entered into before the
cession, the colonial government should forthwith require all ^uto-

2 G. RODNEY BURT AND OTHERS.

peans (or aliens) to give satisfactory evidence of tbeir transactions with
the natives, and if the land appears to have becl!^ acquired fairly a crown
grant should issue to the owners forthwith."

2d. ^^ In appointing a commission to deal with this qnestion, it is
most important that it shall be independent of local influence^ and com-
X)osed, as far as possible, of persons unconnected with the colony prior
to the cession."

Tbat, sixth, the British colonial government of Fiji promised to
give crown grants of the lands to those persons who had titles to the
lands. As the British Government and the laws of the Colony do not
recognize any title except one founded on a crown grant, the old titles
Arom the natives are of no use whatever. All the title deeds obtained
from the natives have been handed over to the government, who,
whether a crown grant is now allowed or not, refuse to return to claim-
ants their original deeds, under the powers conferred by an ordinance
which came into force only in February, 1884, after claimants had
parted with their original deeds.

That, seventh, towards the end of 1875 a commission was appointed
by the colonial government to inquire into«claims for lands acquired
prior to the date of cession, but such commission, so far from being
composed of persons independent of local influence (see preceding para-
graphs), was composed of members of the governors staff, of stipendi-
ary magistrates, and other government officials, nearly all of whom vir-
tually held their appointments at the pleasure of the governor.

That, eighth, at first the courts of inquiry sitting on this commission
were composed of two or more members, but subsequently to the close
of the year 1876, up to which date but very few claiihs had been dealt
with, there was seldom more than one commissioner sitting.

That, ninth, at the inquiries by the commission far more weight was
attached to oral native statements than was given to properly-attested
and registered deeds bearing the consular seal, and often in addition
thereto the consul's certificate that he himself had ascertained the bona
fides of the sale. As regards the native evidence so given, it was fre-
quently from hearsay accounts, statements made by men far too young to
have properly known or remembered the circumstances under which
the sale or sales were effected.

That, tenth, after the inquiry as aforesaid had been concluded, a re-
port based, it is presumed, on the evidence given, was forwarded to
the governor, and the claim adjudicated on by him in council, whereas
the evident intention of the British Government, as is shown by the
dispatch before quoted from, was, that all claims to land should be
decided by an independent commission. In some instances the gov-
ernor has utterly ignored the recommendations of the commissioners or
commissioner, and has refused to allow claims which on inquiry had
been considered perfectly just ones. The reports and recommenda-
tions of the commissioners were, so far as the public were concerned,
kept a profound secret, and it is only in the last few years, through
publication in the blue books in England, that any of them have been
disclosed.

That, eleventh, that Sir Arthur Gordon, the first governor of Fiji, was
strongly prejudiced in favor of the native races was a matter of com-
mon notoriety, so much so, that when white and colored interests
clashed, even-handed justice was not expected even by his own coun-
trymen, and the same may be said of his successor. Sir G. W. De^s
V<i^,ux, both of whom have appeared to think and believe that the allow-
ance of nn.y claims for lands purchased in former years was a hardship
on t}%^. nntives.

G. RODNEY BURT AND OTHERS. 3

That, twelfth, in all cases after the inquiry had been closed, and the
reports sent in, months elapsed before the allowance or disallowance
of the lands claimed was made known to the claimants, and in many
cases years elapsed before this was done. In the interval the natives
freqaently reoccnpied the lands claimed, cultivating, and in some iu-
Btiances rebnilding thereon. In the case of disallowance, such re-occn-
pation proved an almost insuperable bar to successful appeal against
the first decision, no matter how clearly the claimant might prove the
equity of claim made.

That, thirteenth, although in cases where the whole or any portion
of the lands claimed was disallowed, the claimants were permitted the
right of appeal, yet

1st. The claimant was debarred from adducing any additional evi-
dence which might have become available since the date of holding the
first inquiry, except by special permission of the board of appeal.

2d. That in making appeal against disallowance of a portion of the
acreage claimed, the appellant incurred the risk of having his original
grant revoked or reduced arbitrarily and without cause assigned.

3d. That the final decision virtually remained in the hands of the
governor-in-council, who had already adjudicated thereon ; and

4th. That whatever the ^^govemor-in-council" might mean in theory,
in fact it meant the governor only.

Such permission to appeal became therefore a mere mockery of justice
and equity.

That, fourteenth, all original purchases from the native owners ex-
tended to low- water mark, but in one instance only has the foreshore,
in some cases the most valuable portion of the property claimed, been
granted to the owners, the exception being made in favor of the Marist
Boman Catholic Mission in regard to Levuka lands owned by them.

That, fifteenth, of the lands which have been disallowed a very con-
siderable area had been held in possession, in many instances cultivated,
by the claimants without let, hindrance, or obstruction from the natives.
That, sixteenth, as regards the bulk of the lands thus disallowed, al-
though the owners may never have been in actual occupation of the land,
or have otherwise utilized it, yet their ownership has been at all times
freely admitted by the natives, except at the inquiries, but even at the
inquiries they often acknowledged the sale of lands a title to which has
nevertheless been refused to the rightful owners.

That, seventeenth, although in some instances it seems probable that
the rightful native owners were forcibly dispossessed of their lands by
their tribal chiefs, who sold the same and received the purchase money,
yet the claimants paid value for the lands and believed they had acquired
them in accordance with native usage and custom. The purchasers
saw that the chiefs sold the land openly, with the knowledge and ap-
parently the approbation of the tribe of commoners. Whatever may
have been the hypothetical de jure rights of. the commoners the chiefs
had unquestionably a de facto right to sell, and moreover the chiefs
either distributed the purchase money amongst their people, or, as in
the case of arms and ammunition, kept and employed them Ibr the
aggrandisement or protection of their people.

That, eighteenth, your petitiouers have exhausted all the means
of redress permitted to them by British law, and moreover, the English
Government has exhibited a marked indifierence to the repeated appeals
sent forward by British subjects, smarting under the like losses sind
grievous wrongs as those of which your petitioners now make com-
plaint, and they would urge

4 Q. RODNEY BURT AND OTHERS.

That, nineteenth, the British Government having accepted the ces-
sion, not only of the sovereignty, but with certain exceptions of the
ownership of the soil of the Fijian groap of islands from the chiefs
they have thereby admitted the right and power on the part of the chiefs
to sell and alienate the lands, the exceptions referred to in the deed of
cession in no way impugning the right of the chiefs to sell land to any
one before the cession took place.

That, twentieth, by the deed of cession it is provided that all lands
not alienated to Europeans (or other foreigners) prior to the date of
cession, nor then, nor thereafter to be required for the actual support
and maintenance of the native race should become the property of the
British crown. Your petitioners would further urge for the considera-
tion of your Government

That, twenty-first, subjects of the German Empire who had ac-
quired lands in Fiji in the same way as your petitioners have acquired
them, who had taken the same steps to acquire titles as your peti-
tioners have done, and to whom titles have been refused, appealed to
their Government with the result that a commission composed of
members of both nations was appointed by the British and German
Governments to investigate and settle the matter of dispute. This
commission awarded compensation in all cases (but two) to the claim-
ants for redress on account of the refusal of titles and the consequent
loss of lands, which compensation as awarded has been paid by the
British Government. But it was not until great pressure had been
brought into play that the British Government consented to submit to
the arbitration of the commission.

And, twenty-second, your petitioners being fully convinced of the
justice of their claims for compensation on account of the losses they
have sustained from the wrongful acts of the British Colonial Govern-
ment of Fiji, believe that a like good result would follow in their case
if forcible representations on the subject were made by our Government
to the British Government.

And therefore, twenty-third, your petitioners now pray that yon
will be pleased to take their case into consideration^ and if satisfied
of the justice and reasonableness of their claim for redress as herein
preferred, will, through your Government, make such representations
to the British Government as will lead to your petitioners obtaining
redress and compensation for the grievous wrongs they have suffered
and the losses which they have sustained, and for which they as indi-
viduals are now unable to obtain redress, or

That should, twenty- fourth, the information now herein laid before
you be deemed not ample enough or not sufficiently verified to satisfy
you as to the justice of our claims, that you will be pleased to send a
commissioner or commissioners out to Fiji to inquire into the same,
and to investigate to the fullest possible extent the whole subject-matter
of claims preferred, and that a commission composed of members of
both nations (American and British Governments) be appointed to meet
at Washington, D. C, to investigate and make awards in satisfaction
of said losses incurred by all United States citizens through the said
acts of the British Government.

Your petitioners as in duty bound now and will hereafter ever pray,
etc.

G. Rodney Burt: 3,000 acres, more or less, disallowed.
Moses Work & James Byrne: 1,000 acres, more or less, disal-
lowed.
WnxTAM Berwick: 5,000 acres, more or leiis, disallowed,
John O. Fabbo: 300 acres, more or less, disallowed.

O. RODNEY BURT AND OTHERS. 5

Francis P. Winter (executor of the late George Winter):
30,000 acres, more or less, disallowed.

George Halsted: Bingold Islands, 6 (6) islands, disallowed.

Charles Rounds & Joseph Bounds: 2C3 acres, more or less,
disallowed.

Isaac Ktder: 310 acres, more or less, disallowed.

Abram Kyder: 600 acres, more or less, disallowed.

Thomas Farrell: 400 acres, more or less, disallowed.

Caroline McGooN : Quantity unknown.

Joe Kino: Quantity unknown.

ViLiSE, ViTiYEMB, MERE & TiOTi : Quantity unknown. These
persons are the heirs of an American Indian, known by the
name of ^< Indian John," who many years ago was paid off in
Fiji trom an American vessel employed in the whale fishery.
U. States Statutes may not recognize him as a citizen, but
through being an American seaman he may be entitled to
the protection of his property. This question is laid before
you to judge thereftt)m. — H. H. B.

Henry Baily : Quantity unknown.

Mary Dyer : Quantity unknown.

Lm Brown : Quantity unknown.

John Hale : Quantity unknown.

David McQoon : Quantity unknown.

William Peckham : 320 acres, more or less, disallowed.
. Jacob Steiner : Quantity unknown.

James Madison Shute : 1,500 acres, more or less, disallowed.

Samuel Whippey & Peter Whippey : 1,800 acres, more or
less, disallowed.

Isaac Driyer : 2,750 acres, more or less, disallowed.

Martin May : 4,700 acres, more or less, disallowed.

J. & L. Gallagher : 3,000 acres, more or less, disallowed.

George Trask: 3,000 acres, more or less, disallowed.

W. H. Bruce : 2,000 acres, more or less, disallowed.

Joseph Thompson : Quantity unknown.

Eli Underwood : Quantity unknown.

Ephraim Hathaway: Direction Island, quantity unknown.

Benjamin Morris (as executor late J. N. Morris) : 1,100 acres,
disallowed.
Levuxa, Fiji, July Uty 1887.

[Inclosare No. 6.]

Supplementary list of U. States citizens, claimants, resident outside of Fiji and not
legally represented at this end to. sign the petition on their behalf.

J. M. Brower, Ohio.

J. B. Williams, heirs, Boston, Mass.
G. Lkb, San Francisco, Gal.
J. K. SXKWART, Monroe, La.
PREBBLK, Lower Cal.

B. R. Henry, Cal.*

T. A. COPELAND, Cal.*

J. H. WiLUAMS, Sydney, K. S. Wales.

H. H. Field, Cal.

[Inclosnre No. 7.]

Supplementary list of U. States citizens, claimants, resident in isolated parts of Fiji,

who have not ha<l the opportunity to sign the petition.

J. Parrot. O. Petkrson, heirs of.

W. CoBBET. J. Dick, hoi is of.

W. Valentine. Forbs, heirs of.

J. Ryan, heirn of. Burns, heirs of.

W. Rosa, heirs of.

^^^MP»B. ■■ ■ 1^ ■ ■ P I li^W^ ■»■.. ■■■^■■■» ■■■■»■.■ ■ I ■ ^^l» »■■■■ I I-—. ■ ■ ~

•Refer to inclosnre No. H.

fxisT Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis Dec.

1^ Session, i \ No. 174.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

Junk 25, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Ingalls submitted the following

RESOLUTION:

Resolved^ That the Gominittee on Privileges and Elections be directed
to inquire into the publication of the '^ personal explanation" of the
Hon. Wilkinson Gall in the Congressional Record of this date, and
report whether the same is in accordance with the rules, regulations,
and practice of the Senate, and that the said explanation be withheld
from the permanent edition of the Becord until the further order of the
Senate.

518T Congress, ) SENATE. i Mis. Doo.

1st Session, f > No. 175.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

JuNB 25, 1890. — Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Call submitted the following
RESOLUTION;

Resolved, That the Secretary of the Seuato be, and he is directed to
prepare au official statement fi-om the Senate document — ^a history of
bills and resolutions of the Senate — of the number of bills introduced
,by each SetYator, and the number which passed the Senate, and the
number which became laws.

518T Congress, I SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

1st Session. J \ No. 176.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

JUNB 26, 1890. — Referred to the Committee on Education and Labor and ordered to

be printed.

COMBiUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE DISTRICT
OF COLUMBIA IN RESPONSE TO SENATE RESOLUTION OF THE
15TH ULTIMO, IN REGARD TO THE HOURS OF VTOKK AND
^V7AOES OF LABORERS EMPLOTED B7 THE DISTRICT GOV-
ERNMENT*

Office of the Commissioners, District of Columbia,

Washingtony June 24, 1890.

Sir: The OommisBioners have to make the following reply to the
resolution of the Senate of the 15th ultimo, requesting them to inform
the Senate if laborers employed by the District government on public
works in the District of Columbia are required to work more than eight
hours for a day's work, and if so, to what extent and under what law.
Also, if laborers employed on such work in the county receive less pay
than' those in the city, and if so, why such discriminations are made,
and by what legal authority it is done; and how many employes, as
nearly as can conveniently be stated, are paid by the District of Colum-
bia; their classification, rate of payment, and number of hours of their
daily work.

The accompanying statement shows the classification, the rate of
payment, and the number of hours of daily work of the various classes
of employes paid by the District of Columbia.

It will be seen from this statement that many of these employes work
more than eight hours a day. The Commissioners do not know of any
law regulating the payment and the number of hours of emx)loyment
of District laborers.

A law of the late corporation of Washington prescribed the number
of working hours of laborers employed on its public works and amount
of daily pay, but that law applied only to the laborers of that corpora-
tion and expired with its charter.

Laborers in the suburban sections are paid less than those employed
in the city on District work. The reason is that laborers for private
persons in the country are paid less than in the city, and the Commis-
sioners adopt the standard of wages established in the community where
the work is performed. In the absence of any law controlling the rate
we do not feel at liberty to pay more from the funds of the District for
services than business men pay for similar services.
Very respectfully,

L. G. HiNE,
Acting President Board of Commissioners.

Hon. L. P. Morton,

President of the Senate.

2 WORK AND WAGES OF LABORERS IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Statiment showing oUusificatianf rale ofpaymenty and number of hours of daily work of the

various dassss of employ^ of the District of Columbia,

No.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I

1
1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1
2

Clauiflcation.

KXBCUTIVB OFFICB.

Secretary ....

Clerk

do.i

8teD0|piq>her
MoMeDser ...

liftborer

AMBfiSOR'S OFnCB.

AMCSsor

AMistani; assessor ....

Special assLstant clerk

Clerk

Clerk (records)

Clerk (license) ,

Inspector of license...,

Clork

Assisfcant or clerk

Clork and messenger...

COLLECTOB'S OFFICB.

Collector

Cashier

Book-keeper
Clerk

do...-

do....

Messenger

AUDITOB'8 OFFICB.

Auditor

Chief clerk..
Book-keeper

Clerk

, do

Messenger ..

ATTOBirET'8 OPnCE.

Where employed.

City.

....do

...do

....do

...do

....do

...do

....do

...do
....do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do

...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do

...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do

Attorney

Assistant attorney

Special assistant attorney.

l^w clerk ,

Messenger

SINKIKO-FUND OFFICE.

Clerk..
do.

COBOXBB'B OFFICE.

Coroner

City.

— do

...de

...do

....do

City .
...do

XABKBT MA8TEB8.

Market master.
do

.do

City

...do

Hours per day.

Compeoaation.

7 hoars
...do..
...do..
...do..
....do..
...do..
0 hours
7 hours
0 hours

7 hours

....do ..

....do..

...do..

7 hours
...do..
— do ..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
9 hours

7 hours
...do..
....do..
...do..
...do..
....do..
...do .
...do-.
...do..
9 hours

7 hours
...do..
...do..
..do..
9 hours

7 hours
...do..

> ■ ■ • • f p I

Always on dnty.

Indefinite

— do

...do

p.a.$2. 1(H). 00
p. a. 1,500.00
p. a. 1,400.00
p. a. 1,200.00
p.a 1,200.00
p. a. 1, 20C. 00
p. 8. 000. 00
p. a. 480. 00
p.d. 1.00

p. a.
p. a.
pa.
p. a.
p. a.
pa.
p. a.
p. a.
p. a.

p.
P
P-
P-

,000.00

,(i00.00

,000.00

.700.00

,200.00

.OOO.OU

,000.00

,200.00

a. 1,200.00

a. 1,000.00

a. ~000.00

a. 900.00

p. a. 4,000.00
p. a. 1,800.00
p. a. 1.600.00
p. a. 1,400.00
p. a. 1,400.00
p. a. 1,400.00
p. a. 1,400.00

p. a. i.aoo.oo

p. a. 1,200.00

p. a. i.aoo.oo

p. a. 600. 00

p. a. 3,000.00
p. a. 1,800.00
p. a. 1,800.00
p. a. 1,600.00
p.a. 1.400.00
p.a. 1,400.00
pa. 1,200.00
p.a. 1,200.00
p.a. 1,200.00
p.a. 600.00

p. a. 4,000.00
p.a. 2,000.00
p. a. 1,200.00
1,200.00
200.00

p.a.
p. a.

p. a. 1,600.00
p. a. 900. 00

p. a. 1,800.00

p.a. 1.000 00
p. a. 1,000.00
p.a. 900.00

B«mark8.

liecular rolL

Doi
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
I>a
Do.

RefTularrolL
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Kecnlar rolL
Do.
Da
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

RecTilar roU.
• Do.

Do,

Do.

Da
Do.
Do.

Regnlar roU.
Do.
Do.
Da
Do.

RegiiU
Da

liar roU.

BegolarroU.

Beffular roU
Do.
Da

WORK AND WAGES OF LAfiORERR IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 3
Statement showing ola99ificatian, rate of paifment, e^— Continued*

ClMsilleatlon.

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

185

150

1
1

1
25

1
1
1

7
3

1
1
2
3
1
2
2

1
0
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
1

1
i

lOTBOPOLITAH POUCS.

Mi^jor and anpeiioteiuleiit . . . .

Gftptoin

Lieateiuuit inspector

Chief elerk mad property clerk.

Clerk ,

do :

Surgeon for police and Are de*
partment.

Lientenanto....

Sergeuits

Prlyatee, oIms 1
Prixatee, daes 2
Station keepers

Laborera

Meesenger

and

Major and aoperintendent

(monnted).

Captain (monnted)

Jiieutenants, aergea^U,

piivates (mounted).

Van drirer

Ambulance drirer

Aaaistant ambulance driver.

BriTers, patrol waicbna

Police matrons

mS DKFAKTMBHT.

Chief Engineer

Fire Marshal

Clerk

Assistant chief engineers

Foremen

Engineers

Firemen

Tillerroen

Hostlers

Prirates

Watchmen

Yeterlnary surgeon

TCLB01UPH AirO TBLEPHOMV

Superintendent

iQectrloian

Telegraph operators
Telephone operators
Expert repMrmen. ..

Repairman

lAoorers

HEALTH DBPAKTMSHT.

Health officer

Sanitary inspectors

Food inspectors

Inspector marine products

Clerk

Messenger

Poundmaster

Laborers

Ambulance driver

POLIOa COUBT.

Judge.
Clerk..

Where employed.

CHty and county.

, . . . do ...........

City

...do

City 9Bd county.

...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
.. do
...do
City.

do i

City and county.

.do
do

.. do
....do
...do
...do
Cf^.

Citr and county.

City.!!!'.'."!".!
Citv and county.

.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do

City and county.

"HI

...do

City and county

!!!!do !!!!!"!!!

City and county.

.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do

City and county.

Hours per day.

Always on duty.
— do

• a ■ • U V •■••■■••■•I

...do

7 hours daily,

and Sunday

mornings.

7hours

Always on duty.

...do :

...do

18 hours

12 hours .'..

...do

10 and 12 hours .

12 hours

7hours,andSnn'

day mornings.

7 hours .........

8hours

Always on duty.

...do

Uhours

UhouYs ,

Always (m duty.

Indennlte

7 hours

Alwajrsondnty.
do

.do
.do
.do
.do

8lMmrs ...
Indefinite.

9 hours .

10 hours
12 hours
8 hours .
10 hours
...do...
...do...

Always on duty.

7 hours

...do

12 hours

7 hours

Ohours

....do

p. a. a, 000 00

Ohours p,a. 2,000.00

Indeflnito.

Compensation.

p.a.12,700.00
pw a. 1, 800. 00
p. a. 1, 500. 00
p. a. 1, 600. 00
p. a. 1, 800. 00

p. a. 1,500.00
p. a. 9G0.00
p.a. 480.00

a. 480.00

tl,88C.00

81,090.00

108,600.00

182,000.00

13,880.00

4.820.00

a. 700.00

p. a.
p. a.

600.00
240.00

p. I
p.i

P-

a. 240.00
6,000.00

860.00

480.00

300.00

2,520.00

1,800.00

p. a. 1,800. 00

p. a. 1. 000. 00

p. ai 900. 00

2,400.00

10, 000. 00

8.000.00

6,720.00

1,660.00

9,240.00

54,400.00

8. 600.00

p.a. 400.00

p.a. 1,600.00

p. a. 1,200.00

2,000.00

1,800.00

p. a. 960. 00

1,440.00

800.00

p. a. 3,000.00

7.200.00

2,400.00

p. a. 1.200.00

p. a. 1, 800. 00

p. a. 1, 400. 00

2,400.00

p. a. 1,000. 00

p. a. 540.00

p. a. 1,200.00

1,920.00

p. a. 480.00

Bemarks.

Regular lolL
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Regular roll.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

RegulaTroll.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Regular roll.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Regular roll
Do.

8t mis. 4-

4 WORK AND WAGES OF LABORERS IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Statement showing clasfijicatian, rats of payment^ etc, — Continued.

No.

1
2
1
1

ClMAificatfon.

POLICE COURT— conUnaed.

Deputy

BatUffs

Heeseni^er .
Doorkeeper

WABHDfOTON ASTJ.UM.

Intendent

Matron

VUitiug physician

Resident phj^sician

Clerk

Baker

Ovrrseer

Overseers

Engineer

Awnistant engineer

Second assistant engineer.

Watchmen

Blacksmith

Ambalance driver

Female keeper. .-.

Cooks'

Nurse

TeAcher

Carpenter.

Extra oTerseer

Extra watchman

Night watch

Tailor

Gardener

Herdsman

HRFOSM SCHOOL.

Superintendent

Assistant superintendent . . . .

J Teachers

\ AHsistant teachers

Matron of school

Matrons of families

Superintendent of chair shop.

Farmer

Euflriiieer

Baker

Cook

Shoemaker
TaMor

Dining-room serTants

Seamstress

Chambermaid

Laundress

FIoH»t

Watchmen ,

Secretary and treasurer of
board

UVUUBTUIAL HOME ttCHOOL.

Superintendent .
Cottage matron

Seamstress

Nurse ,

Housekeeper...

Laundress

Cook

Housemaid

do.

Carpenter.
Florist . . . .
Farmer. . . ,
Fireman ..
Teacher...

Where employed.

City and county
...do

...do

..do

...do

..do

...do

..do

...do

....do

...do

County
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..

do ..

...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do.,
do

County

...do..

...do ..

...do..

...do..,

...do..

.. do..

...do..,

...do...

Hours per day.

8 hours . . .
Indefinite.
8 hours . . .
Indefinite.

Always on duty

... do

Daily call

Always on duty

12 hours

...do

18 hours

...do

12 hours

....do

18 hours

10 hours

...do

18honr^

... do

12 hours

...do

Always on dut3'

7 hours

Qhours

18 hours

...do

10 hours

...do

12 hours

Always on duty.
....do

14 hours

...do

Always on duty.
10 hours

....do

12 hours

10 hours

15 hours

10 hoars

0 hours

12 hours

10 hours

...do

....do

10 hours

12 hours

Indefinite

*«Per month.

Always on duty
lO'hours

8 hours

10 hours

12 hours

8 hours

12 hours

8 hours

8| hours

8 hours

12 hours

12 hours ,

6 hours

t Arerage.

Compensation.

p.a.$l,000.00
p.d. 3^00
p.a. 900.00
p a. 540.00

P-
p.
P-
P-
P-

a.
a.

1,
1.

p. a.
p. a,

p.a.
p. a.

p.
P-
P-

ft.
a.
a.

p. a.

p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p. d.
p.d.
p.d.

^.00

600.00

060.00

480.00

600.00

420.00

800.00

000.00

600.00

880.00

800.00

825.00

300.00

240.00

300.00

180.00

240.00

180.00

240.00

800.00

3.00

2.00

L25

LOO

p. a.
p. a.

j*85.

p. a.

a.
a.
a.

P-

P
p. a.

p. a.
p. a.
p. a.
p. a.

p. a.

1,800.00
000.00

00-55.00

600.00
180.00
660.00
480.00
396.00
300.00
300.00

snaoo

300.00
288.00
144.00
144.00
144.00
360.00
1,140.00
OOOlOO

P-

p.
p.m.

p.d.

ni.

000.00
300.00
20.00
2!0.00
25.00
15.00
10.00

5.00
10.00

5.00

50.00

t30.33

22.50

5.00

LOO

Remarks.

BegnlArroiL

Do.
Do.

Regular roll.

I)Ou

Do.

Do..

Do.

Do.
^ Do.

Do.

Do-
Do.

Do.
Teaip'ryroU

Do.

Regular roll.
Do.

Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
Da
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Regular roU.

Do.

l>o.

Do.

Da
Temp'ryrolL

WORK AND WAGES OF LABORERS IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 5
Siaiement showing chmijicatUm, rate of payment^ etc.— Continued. '

No.

1
1

1
1
3
1
1
1
1

2
1
I
2
3
3
1
2
1
1

15
1

1
3
1
1
8
1
2
1
1

1
2
1
1
137

. 1

115

1
2
1
3
1
6
2

CiMaification.

KKOIHBBS SKPABTMBKT.

Where employed.

Chief olerk.

Clerk..
do.

.do.
do.

Computing ensiiieer

loBpector aspfaalt and oement.

HeeaoDgers

Saperintendent of atreeta

SupeiintendenI of hunpa

Saperintendent of pftrsing —
Aaaiatant anperintendent of
parking.

Asaiatant engineer

do .....TT.

Draajrhtaman

Inapeetor

Rod men

Axraen

Meaaenger clerk

Laborera

Inaprctor gaa.and metera

€reneral inapector

Inapeotora

Snbinapeetora

do .^...

Drivera

Sabinapector >■

Inapector repaira to concrete
paTeraenta.

A aaiatant engineer

Kodmen

Axman ..^

Driver

Laborera

City

Carta

Pavera

Raromera

Inapector

......do ••..

Bridge-keeper

......do..

Aaaiatant bridge-keeper.

Inapector

Foremen ...
Laborer....

do....

Carta

Wagona

Maaona

Carpentera
Pavera. —

Maaon

do....

Inapector..

Sabinapector..

Time-keeper...

Laborera

Sewer tappera

5 i Inapectora.

.do
.do
.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do

.do
do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do

do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do.
.do
do

Connty
...do..
...do..
...do..
City...

.do .
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do .,
.do ..
do.

City

County
City ...
County
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..
...do..

.do.
.do.
do
do
do
.do
.do
.do-

Eoara per day.

• U w « • ■•• «•»«

7honn

...do...
...do...
...do...
...do ...
...do...
...do...
10 houra
8|hoara
12 houra
10 honra
...do...

0 houra .

...do...

7 honra .

...do...

lOhoara

9 houra .
. ..do...
7 houra .

10 houra
7 houra .
12 houra

10 houra
7 houra .
10 houra
7 houra .
lOlionra
7 houra .
0 houra .
7 houra .
10 houra
7 houra .
10 houra

9 honra .
...do ...
..do...

10 houra
... do...

....do ..
.. do..
— do . .
9 houra
....do ..
...do..

7 houra

10 honra
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do ...
..do...
9 houra .
lOhoAra
...do...
9 houra .
....do...
8^ houra

...do...
7 houra .
84 houra
.. do...

7 houra .
10 houra

8 houra .
10 houra

Compenaiition.

p.a. $1,900. 00

p. a.fl,
p. a. 1,
p. a. 1,
p.a.
p. a. 2,
p. a. 2,
p. a.
p. a.
p.a.
p. a.
p. a.

2.
1.
1.

600.00
400.00
200.00
900.00
400.00
400.00
480.00
000.00
000.00
200.00
700.00

p. a. 1, 600. 00
p. a. 1,500.00
p. a. 1,200.00
p. a. 1,200.00
p. a. 1, 200. 00
p. a. 780. 00
p. a. 650. 00
p. a. 600. 00
p. a. 360. 00
p.a. 2,000.00
p. d. 7. 00

p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.

p. m.

p.m.

p.d.

p. m.

p.ni.

p.d.

p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p. d.
p.d.
p. d.
p.d.

p. d.
p. d.
p.d.
p. d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.

4.00
400
3.50
8.00
2.50
2.00
2.00
1.50
1.50
1.75
5.00

150.00

60.00

45.00

1.50

L50

2.00
3.25
1.76
4.00
S.0O
2.00
75.00
65.00
1.50
1.25
4JW

3.00
L75
1.50
1.25
1.75
3.50
2.00
4.50
8.00
3.25
3.00
2.50
4.80

4.00
3.00
2.50
2.00
L75
1.60
8.20
4.00

Remarka.

Regular roll,
Engineer
Department.

Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
Da
Do.
Do.
Da
Da
Computing
eugineer.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
Do.
Da
Do.
Da
Do.
Do.
Do.

Do.

Do.
Superinten-
dent atreeta.

Do.

Do.
Superinten-
dent roada.

Do.

Superinten-
dent aewera.

Do.

6 WORK AND WAGES OF LABORERS IN DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA.

Statement ehowintf olaesifioatioUf rate ofpaymentf etc, — Continaed.

No.

14
2
8
1

1
4
1

1
1

1
1
2

1
5
1

10
32
1
1
2
1

1
1
1
6
1

Claasiiioatioii.

KNOOrBBB DEPARTMKKT— OOn'td.

Foremen

a©

Masons

PAvers

Pipe Iftyers .
Laborers ...

Cftrto

Watchmen .
Water boys
Foremen ...
Paver

Carpenter

Laborers

Laborers (youths) .

Carts

Foreman

Time-keeper

Engineers

Engineer (on duty only Sun>
day).

Tapper •

Assistant tapper

Assistant foreman

Blacksmith ^

Plumbers

Paver and bricklayer.

Paver

Firemen

Assistant machinist. .

Calkers

Laborers.

Hostlnr

Chief clerk

Clerks

Saperintendent

Where employed.

County

Clerk

Draughtsman
Inspector ....

Messenger ...

....do

...do

.. -do ,

....do

...do

City

...clo

... do

City and county

Hours per day.

...do

....do

...do

City.

.do

.do
.do
.do
.do
.do

.do

.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
.do
do
.do

.do
.do
.do
.do
.do

10 hours

....do...

....do ...

do ...

...do...

do ...

...do...
13 hours
10 hours

....do ...

— do . ..

.do
.do
.do
.do
.do

7 hours .
12 hoxue
...do...

10 hours
— do . ..
...do...
...do...
...do...

.do

...do

8 hours

10 hours ... ....

...do

Thours

...do

Indefinite; com-
pelled some-
times to work
dayandliight.

Thours

...do

....do

Compensation.

p.d. 14.00

p.d.
p.d.
p.d,
p.d.
p.d.
p. d.
p.d,
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.

p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.

p d.
p.d.
p.d.

p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p. d.
p.d.

p.d.

p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p.d.
p. a. 1,

P». J.
p. a. 1,

3.00
2.00
4.00
3.25
2.00
1.76
LM
1.00
2.00
1.60
.50
2.50
L75

1.75
1.60
1.25
2.00
3.00

3.00
3.00
S.00

aoo

2.00

2.60

2.50

2.60

53.00

H.00

2.60

2.00

^00

2.00

1.50

L50

600.00

400.00

000.00

Remarks.

p. a.

p.d.
p.ak
p. a.

1,000.00

1,600.00

8.00

900.00

600.00

Superintend-
ent seweTB.

Do.

Do.
PftrkiiiK
Commiseioo-
era.

Do.

Da
WaterDe-
partment.

Do.

Da
Da
Da

SS:

Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
Da
Do.
Do.
Da

Do.
Do.
Da
Do.
Do.

WORK AND ^AGES OF LABORERS IN DISTJilCT OF COLUMBIA 7

List of persons employed in publio schools^ District of Columbia,

FIBST SIX DIVISIONS.

Noi

1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
6
2
3
8
2

13
2
8
4

10
2
3

15
8

88
6

43
7

15
1

68
7
4

50
7
5

29
6
7
2

20
7

27
4

36
6
1
1
1

10
1

22
1
1

5
8

1
1
1
1
1

5
2
8

Cla— iflotloiu

Supeiintendent

Clerk to saperintoideiit and secretary to board.

Meaaenger

Principal Washington High School

Super^sing principals

, do ^

Director of music

Principal of Normal School

Teachers

......do

do.

......do

do.

do,

Janitor

Where en*
ployed.

City...
...do ...
...do...
...do...
...do...
Connty
City...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...
Connty
City...,
County .
City...
..do...
..do...
..do...,
Connty .
City..-.
..do....
..do....
Connty .
City....
..do....
..do....
County .

County.
City...
Connty .

Connty .
City...
Connty ,
City...
County .
City...
County .
City...
County .

?!*L::

...do-.

...do..

...do...

...do..

County .

City...

County ,

City...

County

City . .

do ..

...do..

County ,

City...

County

City...

County

Kaof
hours.

8
8
8
7
7
7
6
0

6
G

Compensa*

turn
per annum.

p.
P-
P-
P-
p.
p.
P-
p.

m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.

$2,706

1,200

300

2,600

2,000

l.GOO

1,500

1.500

1,400

1,300

1.200

1,100

1.000

075

050

000

875

850

825

800

775

750

72.'i

700

G75

G50

550

525

500

475

450

425

400

l.GOO

1.400

1,100

000

700

500

250

165

8 WORK AND WAGES OP LABORERS IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBU.
LUt of persona employed itipubllo schooU, Dietriet of Columbia — Continiied.

SEVENTH AND EIGHTH DIVISIONS.

No.

1
1
1
2
1
1

1
1
8
1

8
2
1
3
1
3
4
1
»
I
1

15
1
2
2
2
10
1
1
1
2

ClaMlflcatlon.

Saperintendent

Clerk

Messensor

SupervfaiDg principUa.

Pnncipol

Director of drawing . . .

Teacher

Prlnoipala «

Assistant principal . . . .

Principals

Teactiers

Principals

AsaistHUt principal

Teachers

Principala

Teachers

Principal

Teachers

Principal

Teachers

Principals

Teacher

Janitor

do (rented)

Where Mtt'
ployed.

City
...do
..do
...do
...do
..do
...do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do,
..do
..do.
..do,
..do.
..do
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.

No. of
honra.

Compensa-
tion
per annum.

8
8
8
7
6
6
6

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Q
6
6
6
6
6
7
6

6
7
6
8
6
6

f3,2S0
800

p.ni.
pwm.

2.000

1,800

1,000

1.300

1,200

1.200

1.100

1.000

1,000

976

060

850

900

87ff

890

82S

825

800

776

790

700

050

660

500

50O

476

450

425

400

1,100

900

800

700

800

250

166

51st Congress, \ SENA.TK. i Mis. Doc.

1st Session. J ( Ko. 177.

m THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

JUNS 28, 1890. — Submitted bj Mr. Plumb, from the conference committee on House

bill ?711, and ordered to be printed.

CONFERENCE REPORT.

The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two
Houses on th^ amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. B. S711)
^'making appropriations to provide for the expenses of tbe Government
of the District oi Columbia for the iiscal year ending June 30, 1891,
and for other purposes," having met, aiter full and free conference have
agreed to recommend, and do recommend, to their respective Houses, as
follows:

That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 2, 8, 9, 10, 12,
13, 24, 38, 39, 47, 62, 66, 60, 64, 66, 68, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 89, 92,
97, 98, 101, 103, 113, 116, 116, 123, 124, 125, 128, 134, 136, 138, 149, 155,
156, 163, and 164.

That the Hoase recede from its disagreement to the amendments of
the Senate numbered 1, 4, 6, 11, 16, 18, 20, 22, 27, 33, 36, 37, 43, 45, 46,
48, 49, 60, 61, 54, 65, 57, 68, 59, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 83, 84, 85, 93,
94, 95, 100, 102, 104, 105, 108, 110, 111, 112, 117, 118, 119, ^iO, 121, 127,
130, 131, 132, 133, 138, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 151, 162, 153,
154, 157, 159, 160, and 161, and agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 3.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 3, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert forty three thousand and seventy-
seven dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 5.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 5, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment, in-
sert the loUowing: For contingent expenses of stables of the Engineer JJe-
partment^ including forage^ livery of Jiorses^ shoeing, purcJuise and repair
of vehicles, puroliose and repair of liarness^ blankets^ lap robes, purchase of
horses, ichipSj oil, brushes, combs, sponges, chamois-skins, buckets, halters,
jacks^ rubber boots and coats, medicines, and other necessary articles and
expenses, six thousand dollars; and no expenditure on account of the En-
gineer Department for the items named in this paragraph shall be made
from any other fund, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 7.
That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of

2 DISTRICT OP COLUMBU APPROPRIATION BILL.

the Senate nambered 7, and agree to the same with an amendment, aa
follows :

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment, in-
sert the I'ollowiug : To enable the aeeeseor to prepare and complete^ within
theJUcal year eighteen hundred and ninety one^ a booh shoteing all ex-
utting arrears of taxes on real property due the District of Columbiaj in-
cluding the payment of necessary clerical force^ three thousand dollars^ and
the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 14.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 14, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert two thousand dollars^ and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 16.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 16, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows :

In lieu of the words proposed to be inserted by said amendment insert
the following : horse-hire^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 17.

That the House recede from ita disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 17, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

in lieu of the sum proposed insert eight hundred dollars^ and the Senate
agree to the same.

Amendment nnmbered 19.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numoered 19, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert ttoo thousand nine hundred doU
larsy and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 21.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 21, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert one hundred and sixty five tJiousand
dollarsj and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 23.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 23, and agree to the same with amendmeuta, as
follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed insert six hundred and fifty-two thousand
two hundred dollars, and insert after the word ^'Appendix" Jn line 20,
page 9, of the bill the following: and upon streets and avenues hereinafter
named, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 25.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the
Senate numbered 25, and agree to the same with an amendment^ as
ioUows :

In lieu of the sum proposed in said amendment insert ttoo hundred and
Jiftynine thousand dollar Sy and the Senate agree to the same.

t)ISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL. 3

AmeDdment numbered 26.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the
Senate numbered 26, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed insert seventy-five thousand dollars^ and
the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 28.

That the House recede f^m its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 28, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

Strike out all after the word ''same" in said amendment and insert
in lieu thereof one hundred and thirty-six thousand seven hundred dollars^
and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 29.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 29, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows :

In line 5 of said amendment strike out the word ^^ fifty " and insert in
lieu thereof the word twenty-five^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 30.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senatenumbered 30, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows :

In lien of the sum proposed insert twenty thousand dollars^ and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 31.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 31, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed insert (^le hundred and twenty thousand
dollars, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 32.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 32, and agree to the same with an amendment, as.
follows :

In lieu of the matter proposed to be stricken out by said amendment,
insert the following :

Surveys of tJw District : For completion of the surveys of the District of
Columbia with reference to the extension of various avenues to the Dis-
trict line^ seven thousand six hundred dollars^ of which sum three thousand
dollars^ or so much thereof as may he necessary, shall he expended in estab-
lishing and permanently marking points of reference for the extension of
streets and avenues throughout the District, and the Senate agree to the
same.

Amendment numbered 34.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 34, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed in said amendment insert ten thousand
dollars, and the Senate agree to the same.

4 t>ISTRICT OP COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL.

Amendment numbered 36.

That the Hoase recede frond its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 36, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed lusert forty five thousand dollars^ and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 40.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 40, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

Strike out the amended paragraph, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendments numbered 41 and 42.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendments of
the Senate numbered 4L and 42, and agree to the same with an a^ueud-
mont, as follows :

In lieu of the amended paragraph insert the following : For grading
and regulating Kenesaw and Wallach streets^ seven thdmand five hundrtA
dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 44.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 44, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert ten thotisand dollarSy and the Senate
agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 53.

That the House lecede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 53, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the follow-
ing: For grading and regulating Sherman Avenue^ from Boundary to
Princeton streets^ five thousand dollars : Provided^ That sufficient land
he donated on both sides of the avenue to make its width ninety feet^ and
the Senate agree to the same.

Amendments numbered ,61 and 62.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendments of
the Senate numbered 61 and 62, and agree to the same with an amend-
ment, as follows:

In lien of the sum proposed insert one hundred and seventy-eight thou-
sand nine hundred and fifty dollars ^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 63.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the
Senate numbered 63, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the follow-
ing: And authority is hereby conferred upon the proprietors of Prospect
Hill Cemetery to open North Capitol street extended through their grounds^
to be approved by the Commissioners of the District^ and to convey to the
District of Columbia the land necessary therefor without compensation^ and
said proprietors are also authorized to sell all or any part of said cemetery
grounds and invest the proceeds thereof in the purchase and impro cement

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL. 5

of suitable grounds for cemetery purposes elsewhere in the District^ and the
act entitled "iln act to incorporate the proprietors of Prospect Hill Ceme-
tery^ approved June thirteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty^ is amended
a^xordinghfy and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment nnmbered 65.

That the Hoase recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate nnmbered 65, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

In lieu of the matter proposed to be stricken out and inserted by
said amendment, insert the following : and suburban streetSy one hundred
tJunisand dollars J and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 71.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 71, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows':

In lieu of the sum proposed insert forty-six thousand dollars^ and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 86.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 86, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

On page 17 in lino 4 of the bill after the word '^drawing ^ insert
physical training, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 87.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 87, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert two thousand dollars, and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 88.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 88, and agree to the same with amendments, as
follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed insert forty-four thousand eight hundred
and twenty-six dollars, and on page 18, in line 24 of the bill, after the
word ^< rooms" insert the following : including cooking-schools, and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 90.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the
Senate numbered 90, and agree to the same with an amendment, as fol-
lows :

In lieu of the sum proposed insert ten thousand dollars, and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 91.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 91, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows : .

In lieu of the number proposed insert ybu/*, and the Senate agree to
the saute.

6 DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA APPROPKIATION BILL.

Amendment nnmbered 9G.

Tliat the House recede from its disaprreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 9G, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert one hundred andfi/tyfive thousand
doUarSy and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 99.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 99, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

Strike out the matter proposed to be inserted by said Senate amend-
ment, and the Senate agree to the same. ^

Amendment numbered 106.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of ^
the Senate numbered 106, and agree to the same with an amendment,^
as follows:

In lieu of the number proposed insert two hundredy and the Senate
agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 107.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 107, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the number proposed insert l>ne hundred and sixty-Jive^ and
the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 109.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 109, and agiee to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert four hundred and fifty four thou-
sand tiro hundred and sixty dollar Sj and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 114.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 114, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert fifteen thousand three hundred
and seventy five dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 122.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 122, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

In lieu of the matter stricken out by said amendment, insert the fol-
lowing:

The President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint a
hoard consisting of three persons^ one of whom shall be an army engineer ^
skilled in electrical matterSj one a eivil engineer of Jcnotcn shill and ex-
perience in municipal engineering^ and one an expert electrician of high repute:
Providedy That not more than one member shall be a resident of the Dis-
trict of Columbia ; and no member shall be in the employ of any electrical
company^ or shall have any interest in the business or securities of such
co7tipanyy or be interested in any patent for any for m of conduit or subway^

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL. 7

or device pertaining thereto. The said board shall consider the locatwn^
arrangement^ and operation of electric icires in the District of Columbia^
whether ttsedj or, to be used^for electric lighting^ transmission of potcery
telegraphy J teleplwnyy or signaUingj with a view to securing, a^ soon as
practicablCj the construction of a safe and convenient system of conduits or
subwaysy thepUicing therein of aU necessary electric wires along the streets^
avenueSy and other public spaces^ and the removal of all unused overhead
wires and their supports. To this end the board willy as soon as practi'
cdblCy and not later than December firsty eighteen hundred and ninety one,
report to tlie Presidenty wlw shall submit the same to tite first session of the
Fifty-second Congressy as follows :

First. Recommendations for a complete system of conduits or subtcays,
with all suitable brancheSyConnectionSy and appurtenances for the safe and
efficient operation therein of the necessary cables and conductors; such
recommendations shall be accompanied by mapsy detailed drawings and
estimates of cost.

Second. Opinion as to whether the conduits or subways should be builty
ownedy and operated by private corporations or individuals^ subject to pub-
lic controly or constructed and maintained by public authonty and leased
to companies or i7idividuals. If the lattery recommendation will be made
as to the terms and conditions upon which such leases should be executed.

Third, Also recommendations concerning the consU'uctiony localiouy op-
erationy and maintenance of under ground cables and conductors carrying
currents of different intensitieSy unth a view to promote the public safetyy
and to secure the most convenient and efficient use of su>ch cables and con-
ductors and the appliances connected therewith.

Fourth. Recommendations as to the restrictionsy if any^ which should be
imposed by law upon the character and intensity of electric currents con-
veyed by conductors situated over or under the public streetSy avenuesy and
spacesy and used for electric lightingy transmission of power y telegraphy y
Ul^honyy or signalling.

Fifth. Recommendations respecting the regulation of the arrangement and
use of authorized overhead wires.

To meet the expenses of the said board there is hereby appropriated the
sum of ten thousand dollarSy or so much thereof as may be necessary : Pro*
videdy That the offlcer detailed from the Corps of Engineers shall not receive
any salary except tliat due to his ranky and the Seuate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 126.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the
Senate numbered 126^ and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert one thousand eight hundred dollarSy
and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 129.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the
Senate numbered 129^ and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lien of the sum proposed insert sixteen thousand two hundred and
eighteen doUarsy and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 139.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 139, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

Strike out all after the worda "to be" in line 5 of said ameodmeot

. 8 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPKIATION BILL.

and insert in lioa thereof the following: an addition to the present burial
" grounds of the Washington Asylum^ and the Senate agree to the Bam<».

Amendment numbered 144.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 144, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed in said amendment insert two thousand
dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 14G.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 146, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lien of the sum proposed insert six thousand five hundred dollars^
and^he Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 148.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 148, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert six tJiousand dollars^ and the Senate
agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 150.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 150, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :
In lieu of the amended paragraph insert the following :
For Association for Works of Mercy: For maintenance and repairs, tuH>
thousand dollars^ and to complete purchase oj lot, six thousand and forty-
two dollars; in ally eight thousand and forty-tiro dollars^ and the Senate
agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 158.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 158, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lien of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment,
insert the following :

That for the^purpose of securing a more e-quitable and efficient expendi-
ture of the several sums appropriated ^^ for churities^^ there shall be ap-
pointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of ths ISenate,
as soon as may be after the passage of this aotj some thoroughly experienced
and otherwise suitable person, not a resident of the District of Columbia^
to be designated superintendent of charities for the District of Golumbiay
whose duty it shall be to formulate for the purposes of the eapenditures for
charities insaid Districtsuch a system or plan ^organized charities for said
District as will by means ofconsolidationy combinatiouj or other direction, tn'
his judgment, best secure the objects contemplated by the several institutions
and associations for which such appropriations are made, andjor tlie other
charitable work of the District, with the least interference eavhicith the other,
or misapplication of effort or expenditure and without duplication of charita-
ble work or expenditure; and all such appropriations shall be expended for
thejpurposes indicated^ under the general direction of said superintendent and

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA APPEOPBIATION BILL. 9

in confonnity, as near as may be^ with such system orplan^ subject to the ap-
proved of the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, And
it fihall also be the duty of said superir^tendent to examine into the character
of the administration of said institutions and associations^ and tlie con-
dition^ sufficiency, and needs of the buildings occupied for such charitable
purposes, and also to ascertain in each case the amount contributed from
private sources for support and construction, the number of paid employes,
and the number of inmates received and benefited by the sums appropriated
by Congress^ and to recommend such changes and modifications therein as
ifi his jtulgment will best secure economy, efficiency, and the highest attain-
ahle results in the administration of charities in the District of Columbia,
And said superintendent shaXl from time to time report in detail to the
Commissioners of the District, who shall communifiate the same with their
estimates for appropriations to the then next session of Congress, his doings
hereun er, together ^cith such estimates and recommendations for the future
as in his judgment will best promote the charitable work of the District.
I^aid superintendent sluill be ^titled to a compensation at the rate of three
thousand dollars a year, which sum is hereby appropriated for this pur-
pose for the fiscal year eighteen hundred and ninety one. And all estimates
submitted hereunder shall be included in the regular annual Book of JEsti-
mates, aud the Senate agree to the same.

Aineudrnent numbered 162.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 1G2, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

In lien of the sum proposed in said amended paragraph insert the
iollowing: Sixty-two thousand dollars, together with the unea^ended balr
once of the appropria;tion for engineers and firemen, fuel, material for
high service in Washington and Georgetown, pipe distribution to high and
low service, including public hydrants, fire-plugs, material and labors
repairing and laying new mains, and lowering mains, for the fiscal year
eighteen hundred and ninety, which unexpended balance is hereby re-appro-
priated,' aud the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 165.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
llie Senate numbered 165, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows: '

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment insert
the following:

Sec. 3. That any street railroad company in the District of Columbia au-
thorized to run cars drawn by horses, which has changed or may change its
motive power on any of its lines now con>structed to cable or electricity, or
change its rails in accordance tcith the provisions of law, shall have the
right to i^sue and sell, at the market price thereof, stcck of said company to
an amount necessary to cover the cost of making said changes, the cost of
said changes and the amount of said stock sold, together with the price per
share, to be fully set forth, under the oath of the president of said company^
and filed with the Cotnmissioners of the District And any company avail-
ing itself of thp privilege herein granted shall, within eighteen months,
wlholly dispense with horses as motive power on all portions of its line and
substitute therefor the power provided for in tJie act making appropriations
for the expenses of the government of the District of Columbia, approved
March second, eighteen hundred and eighty nine, or otlier modern motive

». Mis, 177 Z

10 DISTRICT OF COWIMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL.

authorize tlve use of overJhead appliances: Provided^ That if any such
company operating a line or lines of street railroad from Oeorgetown, or
West Washington^ to and beyond the Capitol grounds shall fail td substi-
tute for Iwrse power the power herein provided for on all of its lines within
two years from the date of this act, such company shall forfeit its corporate
franchises J and the Senate agree to the same.

P. B. Plumb,
H. L. Dawes,
F. M. CockRELL,
Managers on the part of the Senate.

Louts E. MoCOMASi

D. B. Henderson,
J. O. Clements,
Managers on the part of the House.

618T Congress, ) SENATE. ( Mis. Doc.

l8t Session. ) \ No. 192.

m THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 1, 1890.— -Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Blaib submitted the foUowiiig

RESOLUTION:

Besolvedj That the Committtee on Bales be iustracted to report a
role within foar days providing for the incorporation of the previous
question or some method for limiting and closing debate in the par-
liamentary procedure of the Senate.

51st Congkbss, ) SENATB. ( His. Doo.

1st Session, f \ No. 193.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

July 25, 1890.— Presented by Mr. Harris and referred to the Committee on Com-

meroe*

August 1, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

BffBMORIAL OF JOHN COWDON IN RELATION ^O THE PROTBCTION
FROM OVBRFIiOW OF THAT PORTION OF WASHINGTON GfITT
IiTlNO SOUTH OF PBNNSTLVANIA AVBNXJB, AND OTHBll PUR-
POSES.

To the Honorable Senate and ffouse of Bepresentatives :

Senate bill No. 3507 contemplates several greatly needed improve-
ments in Washington City, to which I beg to call yoar attention.

First. The only practical way to stop the overflow of that portion of
the city soath of Pennsylvania avenae is to bnild an embankment, com*
mencing at the intersection of B and Twenty-first street northwest, and
on the line of B street east 1,700 feet to Virginia avenue, and on that
line 300 feet to the end of the Seventeenth street sewer, crossing that
and on the line of Seventeenth street south 1,000 feet; then in a south*
east conrse on the new-made ground 1,600 feet to tne foot of C street
southwest; in all, a distance of 4,600 feet in length.

This embankment should be built ftilly 10 feet above the last flood-
mark, and for every 1 foot in height it should have a base of 10 feet ; it
should be 50 feet wide on top, 30 feet of which for a drive, and two side-
walks, each 10 feet wide. Its sides should be sodded with Bermuda
grass, and lines of shade-trees should be planted on each side of the
drive.

To make this dike or embankment will require 500,000 cubic yards of
earth, and if taken from the flats can be done for 25 cents per cubic
yard, or at a cost of $125,000.

THE BESBBVOIB.

At the southwest end of the Seventeenth street sewer there is a canal
3,000 feet long extending to the river. It is about 50 feet wide and
some 6 feet deep. It is full of river water which comes within 18 inches
of the top of the sewer, which is about 10 feet deep, and consequently
backs up and forces stenches all over the city, and as those waters so
charged with filth pass from the sewer into this sluggish open canal
where those noxious gases accumulate by the heat of the sun or fester
in the sewer and its various connections, are daily sending forth its
deadly messengers to all portions of Washington Gity.

This is a bad piece of engineering, and if Pennsylvania avenue and
adjacent lands be filled up as has been recommended by engineering
authority, it would be a great hardship to the property owners, costing
them many million dollars and making cellars out of all the first &<At\^s^

2 JOHN COWDON.

of every buildiug and at the same time give no relief whatever to the
sewers, for they would be more obstracted than at present, and the filth
would continue to ferment within them and fester in the sun and send
forth in greatly increased quantities their poisonous and noxious gases,
increasing the death rate every year.

But there is a remedy — simple, speedy, and not costly, as follows:
That canal should be deepened to fiilly 15 feet below the bottom of the
sewer, clear through to the river. It should then be converted into a
covered reservoir 20 feet wide in the clear and 23 feet high. It should
be built of the best concrete masonry, bottom, sides, aod top. At the
river end should be placed two sets of bailing machinery, one of which
at ordinary times would keep the water down to, and within 2 feet of
the bottom of the reservoir, so at all times to keep the present sewer ire&
and stop all noxious gases from forming in the sewer, as at present.

During heavy rains both sets of the machinery could be operated so
as to keep the sewer and all rain-water combined under control. The
expense of keeping this machinery in repair and running the same
would not exceed $3,000 a year, and the day it may be demonstrated a sac-
cess it will be worth 50 per cent, to all real estate in Washington City.
The cost of this reservoir and machinery will not exceed $1,000,000 or
$1,125,000 for the whole, and I would undertake it at that price on the
plan of ** no cure no pay," when by the accustomed plans of the engineer
it would cost ten times that amount and require fully five years' time)
when I would do it in one year.

The above estimates are based on the filling of the flats to 10 feet
above the last flood-mark and with the removal of the Long Bridge ?
for if that be not removed, and the flats be so filled, the future floocl'
line will be 20 feet above any previous flood-mark.

The following facts, taken from measurements made, will prove thi^ '

Before the Long Bridge was built the water space between the ea» ^
and west banks of the Potomac Eiver at that place was 4,700 feet, wher^
at present this space is only 1,700 feet and 100 feet of that is occupied b^ ^
the bridge piers and one or two spaces are filled with piling, so .thai
there is not actually 1,600 feet of clear water space. * ^^

tip to the the time of the last flood there was a water space of 70C^
feet wide on this side or the east channel, but that is now closed up, an^^
with the same amount of rainfall that produced the last and greatest^
flood, which came to the pavement at the National Hotel, will put the ^
water 4 feet deep in that hotel.

This is not all that bad engineering has done to produce such de-
structive results to property in this city, for beyond the Long Bridge
still greater miHtakes have been made. The distance across the bot-
tom is about 4,000 feet more. For about 3,300 feet of that space there is
a solid embankment for the railroad track from 6 to 8 feet high, over
which the last flood was fully 2 feet deep and washed this embankment
entirely away in many places.

Instead of making water-gaps for the water to pass through they have
rebnilt'the embankment higher than ever before, and it is bound to aid
in raising the flood-mark to or above what I have stated would be the
result, and it does apt)ear to me that if it be their object to overflow
all South Washington and destroy the present wharf and steam-boat
landing, they have adopted the very best plan to do it by stopping up
the east channel and filling the flats under the bridge and the bottom
beyond the bridge.

If South Washington and Pennsylvania avenue and for several blocks
north of that avenue from Fourteenth to First street northwest are to

JOHN COWDON. 3

be freed from overflow the Long Bridge has got to go, and if Washing-
ton is to be made more healthy the sewer has got to be extended and
freed ft om the back-water of the river, as I have stated. And this brings
us to the consideration of the question of another bridge, which should be

THE NATIONAL. MONUMENTAL BBIDOE.

This should be a single span of 3,000 feet in length, steel arch, fully
80 fe^t above the high-water mark of the Potomac Kiver, and should
be built on the Hue of New York avenue from the heights of the National
Observatory grounds to the heights near the Arlington mansion at Fort
Meyer.

The approaches at each end of the bridge would be about 1,000 feet
long, where the distance of the approach at the east end on the Ob-
servatory Grounds to Seventeenth street northwest would be 3,200 feet,
or 4,200 fi'et from the east end of the bridge to Seventeenth street, whicli
would make an easy grade to the

ORAND UNION DEPOT,

which should I e located west of Seventeenth street to the Potomac
Eiver, just below the location of the proposed bridge, where there is
now 30 feet depth of water, and from New York avenue south to the
overflowed grouuds, bounded on the south by B street or the proposed
embankment, an areaot about 40 acres, mostly unimproved property,
and at present not of great value, all of which the Government shouht
buy, to be used for that purpose, where every railroad entering the city
should connect From the east that connection should be made through

A GREAT TUNNEL.

Starting with a 6-foot cut at Seventeenth street, near E street;
northwest, from the depot grounds ; thence through the public grounds
just' north of the President's stables to Sixteenth street, crossing that
and enter the White House Grounds about 50 feet south of the south-
western gate ; thence into the southwestern face of the second mound,
which would be the western end of the tunnel; thence in a northeast
direction to Pennsylvania avenue, leaving the White House some 30
feet to the left, and the northwest corner of the Treasury Building as
many feet, to the right; thence up Pennsylvania avenue one square to
Fifteenth street and New York avenue.

Thence on the north side of that avenue to near the junction with
North Capitol street, and a few feet beyond to a bluff, some 20 feet
high, which would be the eastern end of the tunnel ; in all, about
10,000 feet long.

Thence across a low flat of several acres, unimproved, and not valu-
able ground, 700 feet to the Metropolitan branch of the Baltimore and
Ohio Kailroad, and from there 800 feet through the same low ground to
the corner of O street and Delaware avenue.

Thence through an open field, with an average cut or tunnel 20 feet
deep, 4,000 feet in a northeastern direction, to the other branch of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, some 3,000 feet north of where that road
crosses the boundary line.

' At a point farther north on that road, say 5 miles, the Baltimore and
Potomac road crosses the Baltimore and Ohio road, which at small ex-
pense could be changed so as to run alongside of the BaltioiQt^ vcl^

4 JOHN COWDON.

Ohio road to the proposed juDction, where connections of both roads
conld be made with the tannel approa<^h.

From the proposed eastern tannel approach to the public park be-
tween Seventh and Ninth streets woald not be as far as it is to the
Baltimore and Ohio depot; and as for the Baltimore and Potomac road,
it conld by this route reach the proposed anion depot with fally 4 uiileH'
less distance than does it reach its depot through South Washington
and the public grounds at Sixth street.

Another great advantage to both these roads. They would not have to
guard a single street crossing in the entire distance of over 4 miles from
the eastern terminus to Arlington, as the crossing at O street and
Delaware avenue, as well as the crossings at Seventeenth and Sixteenth
streets and the east and west walks in the White House grounds, wonld
all be bridged, as is the Baltimore and Potomac road bridged in the
public park soiith of the Sixth street depot.

Furthermore, all streets entering the union depot grounds except
from Seventeenth street should be closed.

Twenty-fourth street, near the Observatory Grounds, would be under
the road-beds and should be left open, as it would lead around to the
river just south of the bridge, as well as a side track from the depot to
a large warehouse and wharf, which should and would be built there to
take care of and ship large amounts of freight that would soon be
brought there by the railroads and lines of steam vessels that would
ply there from all commercial ports in the world, and in this way soon
build Washington Gity up as a great commercial center as well as the
naval ship-building port for the United States Government For there
we have, more convenient than at any other place in this country, the
coal, the iron, and the best timber and in the greatest quantities. Near
by we also have the best water-power in the world, which would run all
manner of manufacturing establishments, and there is no good reason
why Washington should not become one of the leading commercial
ports and manufacturing marts in this country, all by the work pro-
posed, and there is no good reason why it should not be done and every
reason why it should be done.

A DEPOT 1,000 FEET LONG.

From near the eastern end of the main tunnel to Delaware avenue
the distance is about 1,5()0 feet, where a depot 1,000 feet long should be
built for the accommodation of all eastern Washington in the way of
freight and passengers for all that portion of the city. While by a
landing in the public park between Seventh and Ninth streets, similar
to those used by the underground railroads in London, could the passen-
gers for all central Washington be greatly accommodated, there con-
necting with north and south and east and west street-car lines.

In the same way can another passenger landing be made between
Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets, which would bring passengers within
four squares of the following named first-class hotels: The Ebbitt
House, Willard's Hotel, the Randall House, the Biggs House, the Clar-
enden, the Normandie, the Hamilton House, the Portland, the Frank-
lin, Welcker's Hotel, the Wormley House, the Ghamberliu, the Fre-
donia, the Upham, the Shoreham, the Buckingham, the Arlington, the
Arno, and the Bichmond, and three or four more good hotels on the
European plan, and as many first-class boarding houses, all within the
same area, and at the same time there connecting with all the leading
street car lines leading to kny part of the city.

JOHN COWDON. 5

THE MAIN TUNNEL, 10,000 FEET LONG, AND ITS COST.

This will be 20 feet hi^h and 25 feet wide in the clear ; will require an
excavatioa of about 220,000 cubic yards of eartfa, which should be used
in filling the depot grounds, at 50 cents per cubic yard, would cost
$110,000.

The arch, 10,000 feet long, would require about 660,000 cubic feet of
arching; if of stone, would be about $1 per cubic foot, or say $660,000,
or a total cost of say $770,000, but allowing for extra and contingent
expenses,Nsay $1,000,000, for the tunnel may have to go through solid
rock,"for the reason that it will be very deep in the ground to avoid
sewer and other pipes.

THE EASTERN TUNNEL, 4,000 FEET LONG, AND ITS COST.

This would be the same size of the main tunnel and not quite half
as long, would cost, say $500,000.

This tunnel would extend nearly one mile east and beyond the city
limits, while on the western side the same protection against street
crossings would extend to Arlington, a distance of 22,200 feet, or over
4 miles in length.

Such protection for life and property for that length of railroads
entering and passing through the center of a great city, and also such
accommodations for freight and passenger and future commercial devel-
opment, can no where else be found, and will be worth to this city more
than twenty times its cost in ten years time.

Ttien there would be a more substantial reason than ever before for a
great boom in real estate in this city and for many miles around, and
it is the only way Washington City can ever have a through line of
roads without the changing of cars from east to west, as well as the
proper bridge for a road leading to Mount Vernon, on which a line of
cars will land passengers at Fifteenth street, near New York avenue.

Any other kind of a bridge or railroad connection would be a disgrace
to the place, the occasion, and the age in which we live.

The National Government should build the bridge, make the tunnels,
the depots, the passenger landings, all the tracks and side tracks com-
plete, from one approach to tbe other, and then say to all the railroad
companies entering this city ^' You may have the use of all this on the
payment of a reasonable annual rent in money, or to be credited for
every cubic yard of earth that you may haul with your cars from Mary-
land or Virginia, at a fair compensation, until you fill all the flats to 10
feet above the highest flood mark, and to be done within four year's
time."

In this way, without any more appropriations, the flats would be
filled, and would be worth more than twenty tim es the cost, and when
done the Government should turn the depots, the tunnels, the tracks,
etc., all complete, over to the city of Washington as a source of rev-
enue which would greatly lessen the burden of taxation on the citizens.

THE BBIDaE AND ITS APPROAOHES.

According to the best data I have, without going into a detailed es-
timate, the cost would be about $3,500,000. It would have two railroad
tracks, two wagon or street-car tracks, and over these two ways for
pedestrians each 10 feet wide, or one 20 feet wide, as may be preferred.

As regards strength we have data showing that the same amouut ol

6 JOHN COWDON.

metal in an arcb is more tban two and a half times as strong as in sua-
pension, and as a case in point as to tlie great strengtli tliis bridge will
have, we take, for instance, the Brooklyn bridge.

THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE.

In that bridge, 1 foot in length of its 15-inch cables, made of steel
wire, if solid, would weigh 598 pounds, when a steel tube 1 foot in
length, 1 inch thick, and 5 feet in diameter, such as I would use
in a 3,000-foot span bridge, will weigh 589 pounds, and making all duo
allowance for the wire cables not being solid, the weight of the two
would be about equal, and in that way we will get at the following
facts:

Each of the four cables of the Brooklyn Bridge has a tested strength
of 12,200 tons, or 48,800 tons for the four cables.

When, according to these tests in the Brooklyn Bridge, in the four tubes
each 5 feet in diameter in the arch bridge we will have a strength of
122,000 tons, but as we will necessarily have Ave tubes in the proposed
bridge, or one-fifth more, we will have a total strength of 146,800 tons to
hold up a bridge that may weigh 10,000 tons and its load mlded, when
the four cables in the Brooklyn Bridge hold up its weight of, say, 5,000
tons and its load added. In the caseof the Brooklyn Bridge they have
a tested strength of about five for one, when in the case of the pro-
posed bridge we will, according to three well-established tests, have a
strength of about fourteen for one.

These are facts that can not be denied and show the great strength
and value of the arch bridge over all other bridges, and is the only plan
on which the National Monument bridge across the Potomac near this
city should be built.

But as this is something new the engineering fraternity will no doubt
oppose it, as they have always opposed any new improvement, and it
would pay the Government to spend a few thousand dollars to make a
test bridge on a small scale. It was in this way that the magnetic tel-
egraph was developed for Morse — was opposed by all the so-called
scientists and made fun of by many fools who happened to hold high
places, as may be seen by reference to the records of Congress, and as
recent developments show that, unfortunately for the country, we have
a new crop of them, a test in this way should be made.

It is important for another reason, as nearly all the bridges that are
now being built across rivers are dangerous to navigation, and at the
same time greatly obstruct the free outflow of water, which causes •
^greater and more frequent overflows. Now, this should be stopped, or
else cease to make appropriations for the improvement of rivers and
harbors ; and for that purpose, if no other, the test should be made.

If the Government will do this, I will give the free use of the patent
recently granted to me by the Government for the National Monument
Bridge, and will let the Government have the entire patent for a mod-
erate compensation, and that to be fixed by Congress after the value of
the patent may be demonstrated by the building of one bridge on the
plan, provided the patent be made free to the whole country, and that
all the short span and pier bridges now across all navigable wat^^rs be
taken down and bridges on this plan be put in their places, and that no
other kind than the arch single span bridge be permitted to be built
across such waters, so that the navigation may not be intertered with,
nor the free outflow of the water be checked, which greatly aids in
making more and greater overflows, as at present.

JOHN COWDON. 7

This bridge will also be of great use in spanning chasms in monntains,
ravines, gullies, and creeks at much less cost than at present; then
you will not hear of any more wash-outs every time a heavy rain falls
and the great destruction to railroad property and loss of life, as at
present.

The patent in this bridge consists in the way the arch tubes are
formed and the manner ih which the tubes are secured in the abutment.

I am willing to snbmit all of the above-named plans to a board of five
civil and not military engineers, three of whom to be appointed by the
president of the United States and two to be selected by myself.

As to the cost of the ground for the depots and the cost of the con-
struction of the same I have no data, but will say it will not be greater
than $500,000 for the ground and buildings for the eastern depot and
grounds, when for the union depot building, say $500,000 and $1,000,000
for the grounds; the wharf, say $200,000; warehouse, $200,000; or in
all $2,400,000.

The estimated cost of the —

Reservoir $1,000,000

BailiDg machinery, embankment • 125,000

Main tunnel 1,000,000

Eastern tunnel r. 500,000

Bridffo and approaches 3;500,000

Tracksand sidetracks and other materials 400,000

Total 6,525,000

A total cost of $8,925,000 for a work that will be worth twenty times
its cost when completed, and this can be done within two years' time
if the money be appropriated at the start and I can find the engineers
who will be competent to have the work completed within that time
and at no greater cost than the above estimate.

61ST Congress, ) SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

Ist Session. J ( No. 194.

EN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 9, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. MoBGAN sabmitted the following
RESOLUTION :

Besohedj That during the continaance of the order for the meeting
of the Senate at 10 a. m., the Senate will, nntil otherwise ordered,
take a recess at 1 o^dock p. m., for thirty minutes.

5lbT Congress, I SENATE. i Mis. Doo.

Ist Session, i { No. 195.

m THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 2, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. PiiiTMB sabmitted the following

CONCURRENT RESOLUTION:

Resolved by the Senate^ the House concurringy That Googress desires
the removal of the remains of the illastrions soldier and statesman
Ulysses S. Grant to, and their interment in, Arlington National Ceme-
tery, and that the President be requested to convey to the widow of this
eminent man such desire, tendering to her on behalf of the nation all
necessary facilities for snch removal and interment.

;>lsT Congress, \ SENATE^ ( Mis. Doc.

1,9^ Session, i \ No. 196.

IS THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

Al7aUBT 4j 1890.— Ptesented by Mr. Sherman and ordered to lie on the table and be

printed.

PZSnTZON OF THE WBSTBRN IRON ORB ASSOCIATION PRAYING
AN APPROPRIATION TO COMPIiBTIS WORKS ON THE S AITLT STE
MARIE CANAL.

Cleveland, Ohio, August 3, 1890.

To the Honorable Senate and House of Bepresentativee^

Washingtonj D. 0 :

The Western Iron Ore Association, whose constituency In the States
of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota annually send out on the waters
of the Great Lakes one-half of the iron ore for the pig-iron productions
of the United States, respectfully appeals to your honorable body for
immediate relief under circumstances of groat peril and disaster to
these vast interests. This iron-ore movement, limited to seven months
of the year, depends absolutely upon the uninterrupted use day and
night of the single lock at Sault Ste. Marie; as sudden breakage of
machinery has disabled that lock, all passage is suspended.

Several hundred vessels have already blockaded the channels above
and below. What this means of loss and damage to vessels and their car-
goes which come from the mines, the factories, and the farms of the
country can not be computed for the two weeks ending July 26. The
passages were an average of fifty-four per day; the tonnage moving
during the same fourteen days was a daily average of 63,300 tons.

In the presence of so great a disaster, widespread and almost national
in its industrial and financial relations, we appeal for immediate legis-
lative interposition against its recurrence. Legislation now can not ob-
viate the effects of this calamity, but it can defend these great interests
from the continuing exposure to like or greater injuries. Real safety
for this immense tonnage movement will not be secured until the new
lock but just begun is completed.

Congress began this work in 1886. Its foundations are yet incom-
plete. The non-passage of the river and harbor bill of 1888 until
August, by which a year's time was lost and no succeeding appropria-
tion,explain the present condition of the works. These facts and circum-
stances have been repeatedly urged before the Senate Commerce Com-
mittee and the Biver and Harbor Committee of the House, and the
necessity of immediate action by Congress has been admitted.

Be8])onding fully to the urgency of the case, the Senate passed a bill
in January last appropriating $3,738,865 for the lock and canal, and
$16)841,115 for its supplementary work, the Hay Lake Channel. This
bill was also favorably reported by the River and Harbor Committee,
but final action has been delayed month after month.

2 SAULT STE. MARIE CANAL.

Under the circumstances a present disaster of such alarming propor-
tions, and which may be repeated to-morrow, we most urgently appeal
for all the aid in the premises that legislation can give. The engineers
in charge of those great works are able and competent, but appropri-
ations for completion should be given them at once, through the Senate
bill above referred to.

George H. Ely,
Fayette Brown,
Sam'l L. Mather,

H. P. LlLLEBREDGB,

Jas. Thickands,
M. A. Banna,
B. W. Oglebay,
Wm. D. Beese,

Executive Vommittce.

51st Congress, I SENATE. ^ i Mis.Doc.

1st Session. J (No. 197.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 5, 1890.— Prasented by Mr. Hals, referred to the Conimittee on the Ceosiis,

and ordered to be printed.

Memorial to Congress and statement of the National Electric Light Asso-
ciatiofiy favoring the authorization of a special census investigation and
report on electrical industry^ and an appropriation of 950,000 to pro-
vide for the same. Presented for the association by its president^ Mars-
den J. Ferry ^ of Providence, R. I.

MEMORIAL TO CONGRESS AND STATEMENT.

(1) The National filectrio Light ABSOciatioa consists of corporntiooH,
firms, and individuals engaged in the manufacture of electrieai appa-
ratus and supplies, and the construction, equipment, and operation of

-central stations^for the services of electric lighting and the transmis-
sion of electric power. It is estimated that there is upwards of
$300,000,000 employed in this section of the electrical industry*.

(2) The present executive committee of the association is as follows:

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

1. Maksden J. Pbrry, of Providence, R. I., president of the assoniation.

2. E. A. Maker, of Albany, N. Y., first vice-pieBiilent of the association.

3. C. L. Edgak, of Boston, Mass., second vice-president of the associntion.

4. C. R. Huntley, of Buffalo, N. Y., chairman of the executive conuuittee.

5. AiAXS R. FooTE, of Washington, D. C, secretary and treasurer of the

association

6. A. F. Mason, of l^oston, Mass., member of coniuiitteo.

7. M. J. Francisco, of Rutland, Vt., meiiibir of couimittee.

8. James English, of New Haven, Conn., member of coiiiniittco.

9. John Sbely, of New York City, member of committee

10. H. K. TuURBKR, of New York City, member of commit tvo.

11. J. J. Burleigh, of Camden, N. J., member of committer.

12. C. H. WlLMEKDiNG, of Chicago, III., member of counuittoe.

13. £. R. Weeks, of Kansas City, Mo., member of committee.

(3) At its eleventh convention, beUl in ICanaas City, IMo., Febniary
11, 12, and 13, 1890, the association adopted without a dissenting voice,
the following :

PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTIONS.

Whereas the Superintendent of the United States Census has appointed n special
agent for the investigation of manufactures of electrical apparatus ami suiiplics and
their uses ; and

Whereas this is the first official investigation that has ever bet'ii made of this sub-
ject in this or any other conntr>' : and

Whereas it is the opinion of tois association that sncb an invest i;;at ion will be of
the very highest value as a means of furui8hing the public wirh iiiuinniition that it
can accept as being reliable, impartial, and autliorative, aud for ihut reason will bo
of great value to those inteiested in the eleotrical industry ; atul

S. mis. 4 34

2 NATIONAL ELECTRIC LIGHT ASSOCIATION.

Whcrenfl this association, in bebalf of tbe elcclricali ndiiBtry of fbe United States,
desires tbis investigation to be tborongb and coiuplcto in every detail, and is aware
tbat sncb an investigation could not bave been fully antborized and provided ibr, on
acconut of tbe newuess of tbe industry, wbun tbe law providing for tbe CensiiM of
lbi)0 was enacted :

Be it resolnd, by the National Electric Light Jssimaiion in conveitlion asaemhletf :
First. That it respectfully petitions tbe Seiiato and House of Kopresentatives of Hio
United States Cougress to autborize and direct tbe Superintendent of Census to col-
lect tbe following data in relation to tbe electrical industry, in addition t<o tbegeueral
statistics of manufactures already provided for by law.

(a) Details pertainiug to underground and aerial constructiou, underground and
aerial currentH, tbe cbaracter and voltage of all currents and their uses. Laui|i8
in use, arc and incandescent, and bow wired for residence, commercial^ and munici-
pal service ; motors in use for stationary service and motor c«ir8, income aud.
expenses, etc.

(6) An inquiry, through sources independent of those interested in tbe industry,
as to the casualties resulting from tbe use of electric current-s, both ns to tire and to
personal injuries. Tbis investigation to be made in all cities of 10,0(K) population
and over. Tbe infornnition to be obtained from underwriters, the records of Hie fire
departments^ coroners' statistics, health boards or conimissioncrs, or from whatever
source of information tbat may exist in any city. Tbe investigation to ntake a com-
parative statement between tbe Qasnalties rcKulting from tbe use of electric currents
and the use of other agents employed for similar purposes.

Second. Tbat we hereby petition that an appropriation of not exceeding $50,000
be made for tbe purpose of Ibis investigation.

Third. Tbat the National Electric Light? Association hereby tenders its thanks to
the Hon. Robert P. Porter, Superintendent of Census, for the recognition he has
given to tbe importance of, and wonderful progress made by, the electrical industry,
in tbe appointment of a special agent for its investigatiun, and we bcroby pledge
our cordial co operation with tbe Census Ot!Sce in its ctlbri^ to mak» tbe investiga-
tion thorough, reliable, and complete in every detail.

Fourth, 'i bat a copy of tbis preamble and resolutions be properly engrossed, offi-
cially signed by tbe president and secretary of tbe association, and transmitted to
tbe chairman of the Committee on Census, of tbe Senate and of the House of Repre-
sentatives, and to tbe Hon. Robert P. Porter, Superintendent of Census.

(4) The "Act to provide for taking the Eleventh and subsequent
Censuses, approved March 1, 1889/' is modeled on the •* Act to provide
for taking the Tenth and subsequent Censuses, approved March 3,
1879."

This act provides that:

Whenever be shall deem it expedient, tbe Superintendent of tbe (*eii8HS may with-
hold the schedules for manufacturing, mining, and social statistics from the enumer-
ators of the several subdivisions and may charge tbe collection of these statistics
upon experts and special agents, to be employed without respect to locality. Aud
said Superintendent may employ experts as special agput>s to investigate and asrer-
luiu tbe statistics of the nianui'acturing, railroad, fishing, mining, cattle, and other
industries of the co.intry, and of the telegraph, express, transportation, and insurance
con)panies as be muy designate and require.

And the Superiufcndent of Census shall, with tbe approval of the Secretary of the
Intirior, ])repare schedules containing such interroguturies as shall, in his judgment,
be adapted to elicit tbis information, with such spccilications, divisions, and particu-
lars under each bead as be shall deem necessary to tbiit end. Such experts and
special agents shall take the same oath as the several enumerators (»jf Clie several sub-
divisions, ;iud shall have equal authority with such enumerators in respect to the
subjects committed to them, and they shall receive compensation at rates to bo tixed
by the Superiniondent of Census with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior:
rroridt'dj That t he same shall in no case exceed six dollars i>er day and actual uecca-
sary traveling expenses.

(5) Under authority of this act, the Secretary' of the Interior, upon
the recommendation of the SnperiutenUentof Census, has con)missione<l
a special ngent for the investigation of the " manufactures of. electrical
jipi>aratiis and supplies and their uses'' thus grouping into one section,
nnder the supervision of the division of miumfnctures, a vast field of
itivestigation known ns the electrienl indnstiy that has never before
been investigated and reported upon hy the (Jovernuient of this or any
other country.

NATIONAL. ELECTRIC LIGHT ASSOCIATION. 3

(6) In vohime IV of the Report of the Tenth Census, there are three
chapters on telegraphs and telephones in the United States, and postal
telegraphs in Europe. Tbese chapters include all there is in the nature
of a report on electricity or its uses. Since the Tenth Census, the ini-
proveuieuts made in the art of telegraphing and telephoning are very
marked, and while the art of practically applying elecrticity to the uses of
light and power was a new creation when the Tenth Census was taken
there are now employed hundreds of thousands of persons, and hundreds
of millions of capital in commercial enterprises for the purpose of supply-
ing electric light and power. This fact makes it evident that Congress,
when the act authorizing and providing for the Eleventh Census was

. adopted and approved, could not have contemplate<l the requirouients
for a complete and accurate investigation of the electrical industry and
furnishes the reason why a special investigation of that industry
should now be authorized and provided for.

(7) That the importance of such an investigation may be clearly un-
derstood, attention is called to the different sections of the industry,
each of which has an importance peculiar to itself.

«
SECTIONS OF THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY.

1. Arc lic^htiDg by continaous carreuts: Dynamos, regulation and systems of distri-

bntion.

2. Arc lighting by alternating currents : Dynamos, regulation and systems of distri-

bution.

3. Incandescent lighting by continuous currents: Dynamos, regulation and systems

of distribution.

4. Incandescent lighting by alternating currents : Dynamos, regulation and systems

of distribution.

5. Arc lamps. (Including search-lights.)

6. Incandescent lamps.

7. The transmission of power for stationary work : Dynamos, regulation, systems of

distribution, and motors.

8. The transmission of power for locomotive work : Dynamos, regulation, systems

of distribution, and motors.

9. Primary cells.

10. Accnmulator cells.

11. Insulated electric conductors.

12. Conduits of all kinds for electric conductors.

13. The j>rodnction and uses of carbon for electrical purposes.

14. Devices for the automatic control of electric currents, and for the protection of

life and property.

15. Electric meters for the commercial measurement of electric currents.

16. Scientific electric instruments.

17. The uses of electricity in the household for lighting, power, transmission of mes-

sages, regulation of ventilation, burglar alarms, annunciators, etc.

18. Casualties resulting from the use of electric currents, loss of life and property in

comparison with snch losses resulting from other agents used for similar pur-
poses. Data to be collected from sources of information independent of those
in interest.

19. The uses of electricity in public institutions, such as places for public assemblies,

hospitals, asylums, etc.

20. The economic results of municipal ownership of electric-lighting plants.

21. Electric welding.

22. Electro-metallurgy. Electro plating.

23. The uses of electricity in mining.

24. The uses of electricity in medicine and surgery.

25. The uses of electricity by the U. S. War Department.

26. The uses of electricity by the U. S. Navy Department.

27. The uses of electricity for scientitic purposes by the United States Departments.

28. The uses of electricity in the public buildings of the United States and the several

States.

29. Electric tabulating machines used by the Census Office for the Eleventh Ceusus,

' and electric recording, tabulating, and matrix machines for various uses.

4 NATIONAL ELECTKIO LIGHT ASSOCIATION.

30. Municipal and isolated systems of electric fire-alarms, and for police, ambulance,

and district messenger and similar services.

31. Electric time and watchman's clocks and systems of distribution.

32. The ns«^s of electricity in the operation of steam railroads, ibelndinf; the tele-

graph, telephone, train, depot, yard, and shop lighting, and the use of electric
motors.

33. The use of electricity in the operation and lij^hting of steam-ships.

34. Practical progress in telegraphing, including improvements in instrnments and

switch-hoards.

35. Practical progress in telephoning, including improvements in instrnments and

exchange apparatus.

36. Practical progress in ocean telegraphing, including improvements in instruments

and cables.

37. The effect of the use of electricity on the cost of fire insurance. The work ac-

complished by the New England Electric Exchange.

38. A review of the records of the Patent Office, pertaining to electrical patents from

1880 to 1890.

39. Electrical instruction in educational institutions.

40. Electrical publications.

41. Electric clubs, societies, and associations.

(7) By means of the Censas Reports, it is the purpose of the Govcrii-
ment tO' establish the rightful rank of the United States among^ the
nations of the world, in points of population, wealth, ediication, and gen-
eral progress in the industries, arts, and sciences. The development of
the older nations is the resultant of the accumulations of centuries. The
development of the United States is the resultant of^he genius, enter-
prise, and intelligence of its people. While we yield respect to the Old
World, or its histories, in the practical sphere of commerce, wc daily de-
mand and receive tribute from all nations for the genius of our inventors
and the skill of our artisans. It is our duty to lay claim to all honors
to which American inventors and artisans are clearly entitled for their
genius of invention or skill of adaptation. This should be done by con-
cise and circumstantial historical statements in the first official report
ever published by any nation on the electrical industry . The proud
pre-eminence of this country in these respects is most marked. There
is not a nation in the world that is making use of the many practical
applications cf electricity without using the creations of American in-
ventions or the products of American factories.

(8) How much reason there is for such claims and the broad field
they cover will be readily understood when it is known that of the
205,479 patents issued by the United States Patent Office for .the ten
years ending December 31, 1889, 12,591 pertain to apparatus for some
practical application of electricity. The profits of the Patent Office for
those ten years has been $3,210,863 76, averaging nearly $10.76 per
patent issued. Upon this basis, inventors working in the field of the
electrical industry, have paid to the Government a profit of $135,473.62;
therefore, in requesting that the Government shall authorize and pro-
vide for an exhaustive investigation of, and report upon, the electrical
industry, they are only asking a fitting recognition from their benefi-
ciary.

(9) It is believed that upwards of two hundred establishments are
today engaged in the manufacture of electrical apparatus and sup-
plies. The aggregate number of persons employed, the amount of ma-
terial consumed, and the total capital engaged, are sufficient to rank
this industry second to none other in importance. This is especially
true when it is considered that about 80 per cent, of this industry has
been brought into existence since 1880, and is engaged in the prodac-
lion of apparatus of a kind and for a purpose never before known in
the history of the world. The single item of copper consumed annually

NATIONAL ELECTRIC LIGHT ASSOCIATION. 5

by this industry is estimated at 50,000,000 pounds. The producers of
e-opper are protected by a duty of 4 cents per pound. At tliis rate the
tariff tax upon this industry for but one item amounts to $2,000,000
annually. In view of this it is clear that, from the stand-point of the
manufacturers and their army of employiSs, the investigation sou^^lit
and the appropriation therefor is not a request as for a favor to be done,
but for the recognition of the Government's most liberal supporters.

(10) The magnitude and unquestioned importance of the services be-
ing rendered by electricity is made quickly apparent by the shortest
possible mention of the principal features of its work. Since the tenth
census the capacity of telegraph lines has been doubled and quadru-
pled by improvements in instruments. The wonderful feat of telegraph-
ing to and from moving trains has been brought into practical use. The
power of holding a conversation between persons in distant cities has
been acquired. Electric nerves may now terminate in every office and
residence, making communication with any center of population in the
world possible and easy. The outburst of every fire, the ambulance
call for every accident, the secret information to the police of every
crime, is instantly announced. All these features of improvements are
fast rendering the conditions of urban life radically different fiom what
they were a few years ago. New conditions are created, hitherto un-
known to commercial and social life. To investigate and make an ex-
haustive, impartial, and truthful report regarding these improvements is
a duty the Government owes to itself, for upon such information only
can its action and that of the several States and the municipalities be
intelligently based regarding questions of the first importance.

(11) In the department of mechanical illumination the gas industrj',
over fifty years old, can show but 1,043 central plants. There are to-
day upwards of 1,500 electric central stations furnishing a light that
was wholly unknown to commerce ten years ago.

(12) Street cars drawn by horses were first operated fifty-eight
years ago. The system now includes about 5,902 miles of track, oj)er-
ating 18,000 cars, and carrying 3,600,000 passengers daily. The first
electric road went into use only five years ago. There are now upwards
of 1,753 miles of track, operating 3,000 cars, carrying 1,200,000 passen-
gers daily.

(13) But three ox four years ago the only method by which a work-
ing man could cause mechanical power to serve him in his efforts to
maintain the independence of the self-employed -was to own a steam or
water plant, the cost of which, together with its necessary attendant
conditions, was prohibitor3\ He was thus condemned to snend his life
as a wage-earner. To-day, at a monthly cost of about $10 per horse-
f>ower, clear of all collateral expense, he can obtain electric power de-
livereil into his own home if he desires. For rhis small outlay, which
every mechanic can easily make, there is placed at his command by the
systems for the electrical transmission of power for stationary work
physical power eight times that of his own strength, and he is able to
use this vast and tireless power without effort for its production on his
part. This not only largely increases his earning ca])acity, it opens the
dopr to independent self employment, the key to which is the ability to
make mechanical power his servant.

(14) Going back less than five years we find women thankful for the
opportunity to tread out their lives at the machine, because thereby
they found a means of honorable self-support. To-day, the tireless en-
ergy of electricity emancipates the woman from all physical effort to
create power to operate her machine, at the same time \ww^'?^\\!k%>aK^

6 NATIONAL ELECTRIC LIGHT ASSOCIATION.

earning capacity and enhancing enormously the ejise and comfort with
which her work may be done. This relief from the necessity of physi-
callabor for men and women is accompanied by other conditions* for
the betterment of health and comfort that are moral and social factors
of no less importance than the industrial and commercial. It allows the
physical vitality formerly exhausted by the drudgery of treading out
mechanical power to supply greater strength to the brain, nerves, and
muscle, thus making a degree of intelligence — the soul of skill — easily
attainable that has heretofore been unknown. An interest sncb as
this is worthy of the fullest recognition that can be given to it, not
alone for its magnitude and the support the Goveriiment draws from it
in a hundred ways, but for the sublime genius and enterprise that has
induced, within one decade, an industrial and commercial development
unknown to the centuries of the past.

(15) In addition to these universally known and as yet but little
understood uses of electricity, there are other fields in which its employ-
ment is no less successful or important, of which there is little or no
common information. Reference may be here made to the automatic
devices by which electricity is used to control and render safe the use
of electric currents of high force. The process of electric welding, one
of the most valuable inventions of the age, electro-metallurgy, and the
uses of electricity in mining, not only rendering mining operations
more safe and easy but opening many mines of precious metal hitherto
unworkable, and operating them with great advantage. The uses of
electricity in medicine and surgery is worthy of a most careful report.
Systems for the keeping and transmission of time by electric clocks,
and watchmen's clocks and signals have great industrial and social
value. Electric tabulsiting machines and registers should have a special
notice. They are to-day making the work of the Census Office less ex-
pensive, more accurate, and infinitely more expeditious than it has ever
been in the past. The uses of electricity by the different Government De-
l)artments, the history of electrical patents, the facilities of educational
institutions for giving courses of technicid training in electrical science,
the means for the improvement of employes and all others engaged in
the industry afforded by electrical publications, clubs, and societies, all
deserve the recogmtion due to the factors by the intelligent use of
which American civilization is able to lead the progress of the world.

(16) Infinitely greater and more to be considered than the interests
of those directly identified with the electrical industry are tlie interests
of the people. An American citizen has a right to the use, in its best
practical form, of every discovery of science and product of the artisan
that can render the labor of life more easy, health more perfect, and the
pursuit of happiness more certain.

If by reason of the want of sufficient or proper information he fails
to appreciate and utilize or is deterred from using, or again if, through
the oi)eration of such causes, his representatives in municipal council,
State legislatures, or National Congress shall impose unnecessary con-
ditions upon the service, causing it to be less safe or more expensive
than it should be, to the degree in which these detrimental causes oi)er-
ate they compel him to suffer an abridgment of his rights. Such a
loss, inflicted upon the urban population of the United States, is a tax
a thousand times greater than that required to secure in official form
all the information now obtainable to serve as a guide to correct
action.

(17) The importance of these considerations can liot be fully shown
without calling attention to the urgent and wide-spread demand for the

NATIONAL ELECTRIC LIGHT ASSOCIATION. 7

iuformation indicated. Tlie munioipal council of every cily, the lepfis-
lature of every State, the National Con^jress i*^8elf, iuul governments of
foreign countries, have all been persistently searcliinjif lor it. This is
conclusive evidence that it has never been collated and will be of the
highest value when produced. Every city, every State, luid the Na-
tional Government is now spending money, in the aggregate an untokt
amount, in isolated efibrts to obtain proper data upon which to base
legislative action on questions of vital importance to the welfare of the
people.

Information obtained by the methods that have been followed must
at best be incomplete and partial. The Census Office can in no way
furnish a better demonstration of the incomparable value of its work
than by obtaining and supplying the data as desired and indicated.
The cost of doing this will not equal the cost of a single day's time of
the legislative bodies throughout the country that require it tor their
use. Statements that electricity has caused tbe destruction of a cer-
tain amount of property by fire, has killed a certain number of people,
or that the service rendered by it cost a certain amount of money, are
absolutely valueless as guides to legislative action, unless they be made
in coinx)arison with the results of the use of other agents for the same
purpose. The reasons given for making a*8p^ial investigation of the
electrical industry are reasons why the inquiry should be conducted
with tbe greatest possible care, so that every point of comparison may
be easily made, and all action based upon data officially pnblished, may
ultimate in sound economic and social results.

(18) The census report should present such a statement of the in-
cei)tion, practical progress, and present condition of the art of apply-
ing electricity to its many uses as shall for a long time be an accepted
authority in all industrial, commercial, legislative, and social discus-
sions involving questions pertaining to this subject. It should make
such an exhibit of the genius, enterprise, skill, cind ability to adopt
new conditions possessed by the people of this country as shall suc-
cessfully challenge all other countries and all history to show anything
comparable with the developments of the electrical industry in the
United States within the limits of a single decade. It should show by
this evidence that the United States is the natural home of this in-
dustry, and so fix the fame of American apparatus as to enable Ameri-
can manufacturers to command the trade of the world. In doing this,
it will necessarily explain the natural laws governing electricity lor
these uses. When such knowledge becomes a matter of common in-
formation, legislators and communities will understand that if they
desire to enjoy the benefits of, they must provide suitable conditions
tinder which, electrical service can be rendered safely and economically.

(10) All that is required to accomplish this desirable object is to have
every detail truthfully described in untechnical language by a writer
of unquestioned ability, to speak authoritatively upon the subject he
undertakes. That this may be done, the subject must be divided into
sections in a way to give equal prominence to every detail, and the
Superintendent of Census, with the approval of the Secretary cf the
Interior, should authorize the special agent for the investigation of this
industry, to associate with himself as expert, the ablest person, whose
services can be secured, to write the statement for each and every sec-
tion. By so doing the value of each part will be enhanced by the un-
questioned value of the whole, and a work will be produced that will
be a credit to the nation and a lasting benefit to its people.

8 NATIONAL ELECTRIC LIGHT ASSOCIATION.

(20) The discovery of new worlds does not consist alone in searcliiii;]:
out hinds unoccupied by modern civilization. Such new worlds are the
visible expression of nature. As the most powerful magnifying glass
increases the ability of the eye to see the minute, or of the most power-
ful telescope to search out the depths of space, so do discoveries that
teach man the art of controlling unseen natural forces and eausing them
to serve his will enlarge his sphere of action and open new worlds to his
occupation. He who discovers land finds that which is limited in area,
an atom in space. He who discovers the art of controlling an invisible
natural force and harnessing it to the service of man by correctly inter-
preting the natural laws governing the agent through which it acts re-
moves a limit on intelligence, and enables the finite to comprehend and
co-operate with the infinite.

By the discoveries made and being made of the natural laws con-
trolling electricity the humblest citizen of to-day may exercise powers
transcending any ascribed to the gods of other ages. As his messenger,
it outstrips the flight of the world on its course; as his illumiuant, it
produces a myriad of miniatufo suns, and flashes their light over the area
of an entire city instantly, by the simple movement of a sin^^le lever;
as his agent of power, it Is ever present awaiting his touch to set in
tireless motion any machinery he may harness to its service. He lives
in a new world of intelligence, light, and power.

We honor the great men of the past. It is our duty to purselvew so
to write the records of what men are doing now that those who come
after us shall know that greater men lived in our day and generation.

61st Congress, I SENATE. i Mis. Doc

1st Session, f ) No. 1 98.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

AuausT 7, 1B90. —Presented by Mr. Edmunds and ordered to be printed.

ZiXSTTER OF THE ACTING COMMISSIONER OF LABOR, TRANSMIT
TINO AN ANALYSIS OF COSTS OF ONE TON OF STEEL RAILS
MADE IN THE UNITED STATES, ETC.

Department of Labor,
Washington^ D, C, August G, 1800.

SiE: Your letter of tbe date of August 2, iu which you a^sk for the
amount paid fov direct labor in the several processes of converting the
natural elements, ore, limestone, coal and coke, into pig-iron, into steel
ingots, and eventually into one ton of steel rails, has been received.

In response, I have the honor to inclose a statement exhibiting the
expenditure for direct labor through the successive stages of manufact-
ure, meaning by this term the amount paid at each stage for wages ot
employes engaged in production. This amount you will see is $11.59
out of a total cost of $25.77 for a ton of steel mils. The result does not
agree exactly with the total cost of a ton of rails for any one of the es-
tablishments shown in the recent preliminary rei)ort by this Depart-
ment on cost of production. To have such absolute agreement, it would
be necessary, of course, starting with the rail mill t^ find where they
bought their ingots, and at the ingot works to find where they bought
their pig-iron, thus following back to the original Purees the particular
materials used, and obtaining the cost at each step.

Not being able to do this the table has been worked out by using
averages based on six establishments in the northern district of the
United States, producing material suitable for r.ail8, as exhibited in
the preliminary report. The result would not differ materially if any
other six were used. One fact which slightly interferes with the best
results is that the cost of ore, limestone, coal, and coke, as they have
been obtained at the establishments producing them, liifier sotuewhat
from the costs for them as reported by the blast furnaces using them.
This difference, of course, is wholly consonant with the correctness of
each, as it is probably due to the profit which the producer adds when
he sells to the furnace, or to exceptional lower high cost of transporta-
tion from the place of production to that of use.

Deducting from the cost of the ton, $25.77, the amount paid for direct
labor, $11.59, there remains $14.18, which is distributed through vari-
ous items of cost, such as officials and clerks, supplies and repairs, t axes,
etc. By tbe final paragraph of your letter I judge you would like to know
the cost of labor that enters into each of these. At the present time
this office does not have the necessary data for resolving and tracing to
a last analysis the elements which combine to form these cos^t^«

COST OF MANUFACTURING STEEL RAILS,

ost

It is hoped by Commissioner Wright tha^ in the fnll rcpcu t on cos
of prodnction, which will be transmitted to Congress at rlic be^innin
of the next session, some interesting details connected with this subject
mny be presented. Theoretically, of coarse, they should all resolve
into labor and interest on capital, or labor really, but the practical
working out of the problem is not easy.
Very respectfully,

OBEN W. WEAVH^i,

Acting Conimiasioner.

Hon. GEOBaE F. Edmunds,

United States Senate.

COST OP MANUFACTUBING STEEL RAILS.

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4 COST OF MANUFACTURING STEEL RAlLS.

Department op Labor,
Washingtanj Z>. C, August 7, 1890.

Sir : I Dotioe this morning a clerical error in the statiement which I
sent you yesterday analyzing the costs in a ton of steel rails.

The fifth line of the first column, which read in the statement I Kent
you ''For conversion of the above ore, limestone, and coke into 2,469
pounds of pig-iron,'' should read **For conversion of the above ore,
limestone and coke into 2649 pounds of pigiron.''

The same change should be made in each of the first six lines relat-
ing to quantity of pig-iron in the statement on the lower half of the
page. ' .

Begretting that such an error should have esca|>ed my attention, I
have the honor to remain,
Very respectfully,

Oren W. Weaver,
Acting Commissioner^

Jflon. Oeoroe F. Edmunds,

United States Senate.

51ST Congress, I SENATE. ( Mis. Doc.

l8t Session, f \ No. 199.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 7, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Gall submitted the following

RESOLUTION:

Resolvedj That the Committee ou Foreign Relations is hereby in-
stracted to inqaire and report to the Senate by bill or otherwise such
measures as may be necessary for the protection of citizens of the
United States who were formerly residents of Cuba and subjects of
Spain against prosecutions instituted by the Spanish authorities for
offenses alleged to have been committed by them.

51st Congress, \ . SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

1st Session. \ ' \ No. 200.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 7, 1890. — Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Allison, from the committee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to Hoase
bill No. 10884, submitted the following conference report and state-
ment :

CONFERENCE REPORT.

The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two
Houses on certain amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. B. 10884)
^^ making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, and for other purposes," hav-
ing met, after full and free conference have agreed to recommend and
do recommend to their respective Houses as follows :

That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 5, 14, 17, 23,
24, 25, 32, 33, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 55, 66, 57, 58, 59, 65, 66. 67, 68, 72, 74,
76, 81, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 94, 108, 115, 118, 126, 129, 135, 147. 148, 149,
150, 153, 154, 155, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 17i; 172, 173,
175, 177, 178, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 191, 192, 200, 201, and
202.

That the House recede from.its disagreement to the amendments of
the Senate numbered 2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53, 61, 62, 63, 64, 70, 78, 79, 80, 83,
84, 85, 100, 107, 109, 110, 120, 123, 124, 128, 134, 136,141, 144, 151,152,
168, 159, 160, 174, 176, 179, 180, 188, 189, 190, 193, 194, 195, and 196,
and agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 1.

That the Senate recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the House to the amendment of the Senate numbered 1, and agree to
the same.

Amendment numbered 3.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 3, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed in said amendment insert twenty thousand
dollarSj and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 4.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 4, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

Strike out all after the word "land" in said amendment and insert
in lieu of the matter stricken out the following: For same,, twenty five
thousand dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

2 , SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATION BILL.

Amendmeut Duinbered S.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 8, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed in said amendment insert twenty five thou-
sand dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 10.

That the House recede from Its disagreement to the amendment of t be
Senate numbered 10, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lifHi of the sum proposed in said amendment insert twentyfite
thouitand doUxirs^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 13.

That the House rececie from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 13, and agree to the same with amendments, as
follows:

Insert after the word " erection " the words and completion^ and insert
after the word ''ventilation" the words at a cost not exceeding eighty
thousand dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 31.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment ot
the Senate numbered 31, and agree to tb& same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed in said amendment insert ttco hundred
and fifty dollars, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 45.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 45, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert lico hundred and eighty thousand
dollars, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 47.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 47, and agree to the same with an amendmirnt, as
follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed insert thirteen thousand dollars^ and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 49.

That the House recede from its disagreement to The amendment of
the Senate numbered 49, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert one hundred and sixty-six thousand
eight hundred dollars^ and the Senate ivgree to the same.

Amendment numbered 54.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 54, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows :

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment in-
sert the following:

Repairs, Sniithsonian Building : For fire-proofing the so called chapel
of the west wing of the Sniithsonian Building^ and for repairing the

SUNDRY CIVIL APPKOPUIATION BILL. 3

rw>f of the main building and the ceiling and plastering of the main hall
of the building^ twenty -Jive thousand dollars ; said work to lie done under
the supervision of the Architect of the Capitol, with the approval of the
Regents of tlie Smithsonian Institution^ and 710 portion of the appropria
tion to be used for skylights in the roof nor for well- hole in the floor of
the main buildingy aud the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 69.

That 'the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 69, aud agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed insert forty thousand dollars^ and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 71.

That the House recede from its disagreeement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 71, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of .the sum proposed insert five hundred arid fifty thousand
dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 73.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 73, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed in^^vt six hundred and eighty- five thousand
dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 75.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 75, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows :

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amcndmc'iit in-
sert the following : But of thin amount not exceeding ten tho^isand dollars
may be expended for personal services of mechanics employed from time to
time for casual repairs only^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 82.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 82, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows :

In lieu of the matter proposed to bo inserted by said amendment, in-
sert the following : For freight elevator in Pension Btiildingj three thou-
sand dollars. And the Senate agree to same.

Amendment numbered 92.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 92, and agree to the same with amendments, as
follows:

Add at the end of the matter proposed to be Inserted by said amend-
ment the following : and the a>cts approved July third and July tenths
eighte€7i hundred and ninety, and strike out the word "the'' in line 20,'
page 37, of the bill, and insert in lieu thereof the word othcr\ and the
Senate agree to same.

Amendment numbered 93.
That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of tU^

4 SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATION BILL.

Senate numbered 93, and ngree to the same with amendments, as fol-
lows:

Kestorc the words stricken oat by said amendment and insert after
the word '* lines," in line 8, page 38, of the bill, the following : Provided
furiher^ That the Comnmaioner of the Oeneral Land Office mayallmcfor
the survey of lands heavily timbered , mountainous, or covered with dense un-
derffroirth, in the States of Oregon and Washingtony rates not exceeding
eighteen dollars per linear mile for standard and meander lims^ fifteen
dollars for township, and twelve dollars for section lines, and tire Senate
agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 96.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 96, and agree to the same with an nmendment,
as follows:

Add nt the end of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amend-
ment the following: Provided, That any person who actually settled, prior
to January first, eighteen Jiundred and ninety, upon any regulation lot fifty
by one hundred and forty feet and any additional lot tipon which substantial
improvements have been made shall be entitled to prove up and purchase
same at the appraised value per lot at any time before tJte day of sale by the
Government, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 111.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 111, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed insert four thomand dollars, aii<l the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 112.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amcndmout of
the Senate numbered 112, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed in said amendment insert one thousand
dollars, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 113.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the anieudmeut of
the Senate numbered 113, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed in said amendment insert five hundred
dollars, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 114.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 114, and agree to the sauie with an ameudmeut,
as follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed In said amendment, insert one thousand
dollars, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 116.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
tlu! Senate numbered 116, and agree to the same with an amendment^
as follows:

In lieu of the sum propose<l in said amendment insert two tlhousand
Jive hufidred dollars, and the Senate agree to the same«

SUNDRY CIVIL APPKOPRIATION BILL 5

Ameudment natnbered 117.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 117, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

In lieu of the sum proposed insert fifty-four thousand and twenty-five
dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 130.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
^the Senate numbered 130, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows : .

In lieu of the sum proposed insert aiw hundred and ninety thousand
dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 131.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 131, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment
insert the following: Provided^ That tJie Secretary of War is authorized
and. directed to canstruct a hospital at Columbus Bar racks j Columbus j
OhiOy at a cost not to exceed twenty-five tfiotisand dollars, out of the appro-
priatio7i for construction and repairs of hospitals heretofore made in the
act approved June thirteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety^ and the Sen-
ate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 133.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 132, and agree to the ^ame with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment in-
sert the following: Not less than fifty thousand dollars of this appropria-
tion shall be expended for work to be let in secUons^ aft^ advertisement^
to the lowest responsible bidder or bidders therefor^ to be exectited under
the supervision and inspection of an engineer officer of the Army under
the direction of the Secretary of War, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 137.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 137, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

After the word "marines," in line 3 of the matter proposed to be in-
serted by said amendment, insert the words of the late civil tear, and
the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 146.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 146, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

Add at the end of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amend-
ment the following: Provided, That the Secretatif of War in tlie expend-
iture of this sum may purchase stores of the valtie of tliose loaned or de-
stroyed, wltlwut reference to old and obsolete patterns, and the Senate
agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 156.
That the House recede from its disagreement to the ameudvw^vA* <^V

6 SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATION BILL.

the Senate numbered 156, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

In lien of the sam proposed insert aiie hundred thousand dollars^ and
the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 157.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the
Senate numbered 157, and agree to the same with an amendment, as fol-
lows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert two hundred and forty-tico thou-^
sand five hundred dollars^ and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 161.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 161, and agree to the S9me with an amendment, u^
follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed insert two million si^ hundred and fi/ty-six
thousand seven hundred and sixty-five dollars and forty-five cents j and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 162. *

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 162, and agree to the same with amendments, as
follows :

Strike out the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment and
also the amended paragraph, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 197.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 197, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows: Strike out after the word "aforesaid," in line 6 of said
amendment, the following words: " adjoining, or in the vicinity of the
present site of the Government Printing Office," and the Senate agree
to the same.

Amendment numbered 198.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 198, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows:

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment in-
sert the following:

Sec, 4. That hereafter all disbursing officers of tlie United States shall
render their accounts quarterly ; and the Secretary of the Senate sh/ill ren-
der his accounts as heretofore; but the Secretary of the Treasury may
direct any or all such accounts to be rendered more frequmtly when in his
judgment the public interests may require^ and the Senate agree to the
same.

Amendment numbered 199.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 199, and agree to the same with an amendment,
as follows :

After the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment insert
the following:

That the building authorized by the said act approved June twenty-fifth^
eighteen hundred and ninety y shall be constructed in a fireproof manner^

SUNDRY CIVIL APPKOPRIATION BILL. 7

with not less than eight stories^ and at a total cost^ including approaches
and Ihcating apparatus^ not exceeding one million nine hundred thousand
dollars : Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury may authorize a
contract or contracts to be entered into for the construction of any portion
or the whole of said building, subject to appropriations to be made therefor
by Congress.

Toward the construction of said building, two hundred and fifty tfwusand
dollars, and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendments numbered 91, 95, 98, 99, 102, 104, 105, and 106.

On amendments numbereil 91, 95, 98, 99, 102, 104, 105, and 100 the
committee of conference liave been nnable to agree.

W. B. Allison,
Eugene Hale,
A. P. Gorman,

Managers on the part of the Senate.
J. G. Cannon,
W. Cogswell,
Joseph D. Sayers,

Managers on the part of the House.

STATEMENT BY MR. ALLISON TO ACGOMPAKT THE COKFEREHCE

REPORT. I

SUNDRY CIVIL BILL, 1891.

Amount as paflaed House SiH, OHO, OCO. t> J

iQcreuse by Senate. ., ; 5, Gfr^, 17:2. OO

Amount OS passed Senate 33, 029, 75)2. x:2

Net reduction in conference 3,776,710. (50

29,b:>i>,0^^i.2i

House bus agreed to Senate amendments amounting to 1. 791, 402. (0

Senate bas recede<l flrom amendments amounting to 3, 770, 710. 00

CHANGES IN AMOUNTS IN CONFRR1ENCR.

Reductions,
Public buildings :

1. Alexandria, La $.5,000.00

3. Beaver Falls, Pa 5 000.00

4. New Haven, Conn 35,000.00

6. Chicago, III 55,000.00

8. New Loudon, Conn ^ .^ 5,000.(0

10. Salina, Kans 5,000.00

14. Treasury building vaults 333,500.00

Total public buildings 443,500,00

Light-stations, etc. :

17. Old Orchard Shoal, New York 60,000.00

23. Cbintioteague buoy depot, Virginia 1, 000. Oo

24. Portsmouth light-house depot, Virginia 10,000.00

25. Cape Hatteras Light-Station, North Carolina 5, 000. 00

31. Point Hueneme, Cal 1,000.00

32. New York Slough, Cal 10,000.00

3.3. Northwest Seal Rock 8l,000.(}0

41. Supplies of light-hoHses 0,000.00

42. Repairs of light-houses 10,000.00

43. Expenses of buoyage 25,000.00

44. Expenses of fog-signals .5,000.00

45. Lighting of rivers 20,000.00

Total light-houses, etc 2:i8,000.00

Miscellaneons :

40. Revenue-Cutter Service 10,000.00

JM. Repairs Smithsonian 20.000.(Mi

.55. National Museum building 500, 000. (;0

56. 57. National Museum, furniture, etc 30, 000. 00

58, 59. Food fisbes and vessels 11,100. CO

65. Battery Island station 17.0O0.0o

66. Interstate Commerce Commission 14, 000. < 0

68. Adulterated food, District of Columbia nOO. 00

69. Transimrtation of silver coin ir>, 000. 00

"^l. Assistant custodians and janitors 50,000.00

' 72. Furniture and repai 1-8 50,000.00

S. Mia, 200 2

10 SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATION BILL.

MracellaueouH — cun tinned :

7'X Fuel, lights, ami water $15,000.00

76. Vanlta, safes, and locks.- 1 10,000.00

8L Latin American Memorial Library bnildinjjj 25,000.00

82. Pension bnilding, i oof and doors 10, 000. 00

fcC. Registers and receivers public lauds 75,000.00

87. Contingent expenses, land offices *i5,000.00

108. Government Hospital for Insane, general repairs 3, 000. 00

in-111. Howard Univtjrsiiy 5,200.00

115. Freedmen's Hospital 400.00

12(). Congressional Cemetery 500, 00

1*^0., ITndwgronnd departmental cable 18, 4fi5. qO

130. Military posts 110,000.00

1.55 Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis 15,000.00

147. United States military prison, Fort Leavenworth 200. 00

140, 153, 154, 150. National Homey for VoVnn teer Soldiers :K>, 700. 00

1(55-172. Back pay and bounty to volumeers 724, 000. IX)

173. Court-house, Washington, repairs . . .* 2, 500. 00

Total miscellaneous I,7u0, 565.00

175. Defending suits against United States 5,000.00

Unitf'd States courts:

177. United States district attorneys 40,000.00

178. United States district attorneys, regular assistants 10,000.00

181. Feesof clerks 25,000.00

182. Fees of jurors :«i,000.00

183. Fees of witnesses ,.. . 200,000.00

184. Support of prisoners 50,000.00

18.'). Bailiffs, criers, etc 34,400.00

186. Miscellaneous expenses, courts, etc 20,000.00

187. Payment to the late Chief- Justice Waiters widow 8,745.00

Total United States courts 428,145.00

100. Botanic Garden 3,000.00

200. Supreme Court building site 8(H), 000.00

201. Post-office Department building site 300,000.00

202. Globe printing office building 135,000.00

Total Washington buildings 1 , 2:J5, 000. 00

Total reduction 4,144,210.00

Increase in conference,

47. Coast Survey 2,500.00

88. Depredations on public timber 25,000.00

89. Protecting public lands 20.000.00

163. State and Territorial Homes 70,000.00

lUO. Wasbington City post-office building 250,000.00

Total increase 367, ,500. 00

Net reduction in conference 3,776,710.00

Disagreements .

Increase sui-veying public lands from ^200,000 to |60Q-000 |400,000.00

Increase for topographic surveys from $200,000 to $30<),000 100,000.00

5 0,0(0.00

Reduction on account of irrigation surveys 777, 500. 00

61st Congress, > SENATE. ( Mis. Doc.

1st Session. | ) No. 201.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 7,. 181K).~0rdered to be priuted.

Mr. Dawes, from tbe committee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to bill
H. R. 8391, submitted the following

CONFERENCE REPORT:

The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two
Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the biIl.(H. E. 8391), << mak-
ing appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the
armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and
service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, and for other purposes,"
having met, after full and free conference have agreed to recommend
and do recommend to their respective Houses as follows :

That the Senate recede from its amendment numbered 23. .

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendments of
the Senate numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 10, 17, 18, 19,
20, 21, and 22, and agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 6.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 6, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

Strike out line 2 page 3 of the bill and insert in lieu thereof the fol-
lowing: sums appropriated therefor j and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 10.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 10, and agree to the same with an amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment in-
sert the following:

That controAits shall be invited by tJie Secretary of War^ by proper notice
and publication^ for the manufacture {finishing and assembling) of eight-
inch, ten-inch^ and twelve-inch steel sea-coa^t guns from forgings procured
under fortification a^t of September twenty second^ eighteen hundred and
eighty eighty and if private parties shall offer to finish^ a^setnUcj and deliver
any of such guns in proper condition for use a» completed guns, at a price
fair to tlie Government^ tJie necessary contracts shall be entered into by tlie
Secretary for that purpose; and to carry into effect this provision the sum
of two h\indred thousand dollars is hereby appropriated : Provided^ Tlmt
the finishing and assembling of not over fifty per centmn of each caliber of
such forgings shall be thus contracted for : Provided further^ That all con-
tracts made hereunder shall be so made as to fully protect tlie Government
against all loss or damage which may result from imperfect work, tJie fault
of the contraxitor^ and the work done hereunder shall be subject to inspection
at every stagcj and the Senate agree to the same.

Z FORTIFICATIONS APPROPRIATION RILL.

Ameudment numbered 13.

Tbat the House recede i'roui its disagreemeut to tlie ameudmeut of
the Senate numbered 13, and agree to the same with au amendment, as
follows:

In lieu of the sum proposed in said amendment insert three hundred
and titenty thoumnd ^iollurny and, the Senate agree to the sanie.

Amendment numbered 24.

That the House rece<le from its disagreetnent to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 24" and agree tx) the same with an aineudmeut,
iis follows:

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by said amendment in-
sert the following :

To enable the necessary experiments to be made to test the valne thereo/\
incltiding the purchase of material and construction where necessary of
pneumatic gun-carriages^segmental gunSj and high explosives^ fifty thousand
dollars^ or so much tliereqf as may be necessary. And the Secretary of
War^ through the medium of the Board of Ordnance and Fortification^
under the appropriation made by section six of the fortification a<it approved
September twenty-second^ eighteen hundred and eighty-eighty shall have au-
thority^ if he deems it expedient^ to test andpurcJiase a recoil-operated in-
fantry small arm of thirty caliber j with proper cJiaracler and amount of
ammunition^ such ammunition to consist of the cmnpound (wcelerating. cart-
ridge; and also to test and purchase one light rapid fircj rapid twist six-
pounder breech-loading field gun mounted upon a disappearing shielded
field gun carriage, unth proper amount of ammunition therefor^ cons^isting
of said a^icelerating cartridge } and also to test one retiring sea-coast defense
carriage. And the last paragraph of ^^An act making appropriations
for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth^ eighteen
hundred and ntnetyj and for ot/ier purposeSj^^ approved March second^
eighteen hundred and eightyninCj is hereby so amended as to autlwrize the
use, if the Secretary of War deems it expedient, of a six-inch breech loading
rifted cannon of new pattern in tlie test of tJie counterpoise battery therein
provided for, and tlie appropriation is hereby continued for the purposes
of such test for the fiscal year eighteen hundred and ninety one ; and the
Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 25.

That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 25, and agree to the same with amendments, as
follows :

Strike out in line 37 of said amendment the words *' the type," and
strike out lines 41 to 52, both inclusive, of said amendment and insert
in lieu thereof the following :

T/mt under the provisions of this section there sJulU not be expended or
contract or contracts entered into involving the Oovernment in an aggte-
gate expenditure exceeding three million seven hundred and seventy -five
thousand dollars, nor an expenditure on the part of the Oovernment in
any one fiscal year in excess of one million dollars. And all guns and
materials purchased under tlie autJu)rity of this section shall be of Ameri-
can manufacture and furnished by citizens of the United States : Pro-
vided furtJier, Tliat contracts may be made for not exceeding one-fourth of
the guns herein provided for, to be constructed on the Pacific coast, in the dis-
cretion of the Secretary of War : Provided further, That all expenditures
made under this section shall be paid from the amount made available and
provided for in section six of the " act making appropriations for

FORTIFICATIONS APPROPRIATION BILL. 3

fortificationft and other worJcs of defense, for the armamefiit thereof^
for the procurement of lieavy ordnance for irial and service^
and for other purposes^^ approved September ticentf/second, eighteen
hundred and eightyeight. And the Secretary of War nhall embrace in his
estimates of appropriations for fortifications from time to time the amounts
necessary to carry out all contracts made hereunder: Provided furtlier.
That full and accurate accounts shall be kept^ shoicing the cost of all
type and experimental manufacture of guns, and other articles^ and the
average cost of tlie several classes of guns and the other articles manu-
factured by th^ Oovernment, a statement of which account shall be laid
before Congress annually in the same manner as is note required from
national armories under section sixtemi hundred and sixty-five of the
Revised Statutes^ aud the Senate agree to the name.

H. L. Dawes,
P. B. Plumb,
A. P. Gorman,
Managers on the part of the Senate,
W. L. Brewer,
Wm. Cogswell,
Managers on the part of the House,

51ST Congress, \ SENATE. , i Mis. Doc.

l6t Session, i \ No. 202.

l^ THE SENATE OP THE UNITED SPATES.

AU6Uarr8, ISOO.—PresentedbyMr. Sherman, referred to the Committee on Commercf*,

and ordered to be printed. ^

AGBMORIAL OF THE CIiEVEL AITO VESSEL OT77NBRS' ASSOCIATION,
PRATINa THE SPEEDT COMPLETION OF THE IMPROVEMENTS

AT THE ST. MART'S SHIP CANAL.

Cleveland, Ohio, August 5, 1890.
To the Senators and Representatives of the United States in Congress :

The Cleveland Vessel Owners' Association, inclading iu its ipember-
ship owners of 300 lake craft, with carrying capacity of between 400,000
'and 500,000 tons, on oar own behalf as well on behalf of the greater in-
terests of the commerce with the Northwest dependent on uninter-
mpted water communication with that vast section, most seriously and
earnestly urge upon the attention of Congress the pressing necessity
for the speedy completion of the improvements at and connected with
St. Mary's Falls Ship Canal.

The recent blockade damaged the owners of the vessels detained
many thousands of dollars by the immediate delay, and much more by
the derangement of business and the grouping of vessels together so
that blockades will occur at the terminal points. But it may almost be
said that our direct loss is trifling compared with the consequences to
the people East and West less directly but not less truly dependent on
this waterway.

These consequences proceeded not from any unusual disaster or over-
whelming force, but from an ordinary breakage of a small portion of
the working machinery of the lock. Other parts of the machinery may
likewise break at any moment ; similar valves are in use there. The
repairs now made were hastily done and are more or less temporary in
their character.

The opportunities for a similar or more serious misfortune are numer-
ous and so evident that it is unnecessary to more than allude to the
fact

The breaking of one of the gates by external force, such as collision,
would prove a distressing national disaster, as it would stop entirely for
a long and indefinite period all interchange between the East and the
Northwest. Occurring now, an interruption might easily cause a coal
famine the coming winter in the Northwest and prevent the shipment
of the grain crop at a cost leaving no profit whatever to the producers;
would shut off the supply of ore from Lake Superior mines, because,
even if a small part could be shipped by rail to Escanaba, the ship-
ping facilities of that port could accommodate little in addition to the
quantity now handled there in the natural course of business ; furnaces

2 IMPROVEMENT AT THE ST. MAEY's SHIP CANAL.

in the Middle States would be shut down for lack of ore ; coal mines
could not ship their product to the Northwest and some must cease
mining; thousands of men would be thrown out of employment along
the whole line.

That these consequences and others of like character would follow a
protracted interruption of this commerce is certain and inevitable.

We respectfully urge that the situation is reallj^ a serious one. Al-
ready the present lock and canal are taxed to their full capacity da.y
after dhy. Vexatious delays are experienced in waiting for opportu-
nity to pass through. No adequate time can be given for the inspection
and repair of the lock. The machinery is required to work and. is ex-
pected to work safely, without breakage or considerable repaiis, for
eight months in the year. Such reliance is unwise, and the interests
dependent on* the waterway are too wide-reaching and too important to
justify it.

The new lock is necessary not only for use in such emergencies as the
recent one, but there is need for both for daily use, one for up-going and
the other for down-going crafts, giving also opportunity to temporarily
close either lock when necessary for examination or repair, and so keep
each in perfect working order.

This matter affects so many people in so many States that it is na-
tional in its character and importance. The evil of depending on one
inadequate lock is a dangerous and growing one. The efii5rts made in
behalf of the improvement which culminated in a bill now before Con-,
gross may be unavailing unless new interest is excited and the subject*
is given the thoughtful attention and prompt action of which it is
worthy; and such attention andprompt action in making some ample
and quickly available provision for the completion of the projected im-
provements we respectfully and earnestly ask at your hands by passing
the proposed legislation before Congress, either with. the present river
and harbor bill or as a separate measure.

H. M. Hanna,

Presidetit.

Thomas Wilson,
M. A. Bradley,
James Cobbigan,

J. W. MOOBE,

B. L. Pennington,
Executive Committee.
Attest :

George P. McKay,

/Secretary.

61st Congress, ( SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

Ist Session, i \ No. 203.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 8, 1890. — Referred to the Committee on the Jadiciary and ordered to be printed. *

Letter of the Commusioners of the District of Columbia, cofiimunicating^ in
answer to a resolution of the Senate of the 1st instant, information in
relation to the occupancy of certain parts of P, Q, and R streets, in the
Trinidad subdivision of the District by the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-
road Company,

Office of Commissioners

OF THE District of Columbia,

Washington, August 8, 1890.

Sir : In respouse to the resolntiou of the Senate of Augnst 1, direct-
ing the Commissioners of the District of Columbia to inform the Senate
whether the Baltimore and OhioEailroad Company is proceeding to oc-
cupy certain parts of P, Q, and E streets, in the Trinidad subdivision
of the District, and, if so, under what authority of hiw it is so doing,
the Commissioners have to state that permit to said company to lay
tracks across said highways was issued by them on the 26th ultimo, as
advised by their attorney, a copy of whose opinion on the subject is
transmitted herewith, and that work under this permit has been com-
menced.

Kespectfully,

J. W. Douglass,

President
Hon. Levi P. Morton,

President of the United States Senate.

Office of the Attorney, District of Columbia,

July 25.

Gentlemen : I have carefully examined the papers and maps ac-
companying theapplicationof theBaltimoreandOhio Railroad Company
to lay tracks across certain streets or roadways in a subdivision in the
District, adjacent to Boundary street of this city and the main stem of
said company's road, known as ** Trinidad," which has been referred to
this office for an opinion on the question whether the Commissioners
can legally grant the company a permit to lay its tracks as proposed.
In considering the matter I have had the advantage of both written and
oral arguments on behalf of the company by its attorneys, Messrs.
Morris & Hamilton, and by Mr. Mattingly on behalf of certain persons
owning ground in Trinidad who object to the laying of the tracks as
proposed by tbe wlroad company.

2 OCCUPANCY OF STREETS IN WASHINGTON BY H & O. R. R CO.

It appear^ that tbe railroad coiupany, desiring to leinovc its rouud-
house aud macbine-sbops from its yard at tbe corner of ^*ew Jersey
avenue and 0 street, in this city, and transfer a large amount of its
freight traffic from the streets in the vicinity of its depot, with a view
to relieve the people in that neighborhood as much as possible from the
discomfort and inconvenience arising from tbe operation of its road,
which had long been tbe subject of complaint, purchased ground in
Trinidad adjacent to the tracks of its main stem and Boundary street,
. where the road enters the city, on which to build a round house, ma-
chine-shops, and sidings and freight-yards. Considering tbe surround-
ings of Trinidad, one would think a place could not have been selected
by the company where the operations of ite road would be bss incon-
venient to the public.

The company, before any question arose as to i*s right to hiy t nicks
on the streets of Trinidad, had gone so far as to demolish certain of its
buildings and shops in its yard at the station on New Jersey avenue,
and had begun the erection of others on its purchase in Trinidad. Those
in charge of its work seem to have proceeded on the idea that since
what they were doing was on the company's [)roperty outside the limits
of the city it was competent for them to lay tracks without a permit
from the Commissioners for that purpose first had, and they i loceeded
with the work until they were stopped by the Commissioners, by police
intervention.

This brings me to an examination of the legislation by Congress iu
regard to this company.

By act of Congress approved March 2, 1831, tbe Baltimore and Ohio
Baiiroad Company were authorized —

to extend into and within tbe District of Columbia a lateral road, such :i.s the com-
pany shall construct or cause 1o be coustructed iua direction towards said District, iu
connection with the railroad which they have located aud are construct iug from the
city of Baltimore totheOhio River in pursuance of their said act of incorporation, and
the said Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company aro hereby authorized to rx<Mci8o the
same i)OwerH, rights, and privileges, aud shall bo subject iu tbe same restr;('«iou.s in
the extension and construction of the said lateral road into aud wi:hin ^aid Diisirict
as they may exercise, or are subject to, under and by virtue of their said charter or
act of incori)oration, in the extension and construction of auy railroad within Iho
State of Maryland, and shall be entitled to the same rights, eompensation, bonetitn,
and immunities iu the use of the said road and in regard thereto hh are )>iovuied ju
the said charter.

It is further provided in said act of Congress —

That whenever the said company in the coustrnction of a railroad iuto and within
said District as authorized by that act, shall tind it necessary to croi<s or interM^ct
an established road, street or otherwaj^ it shall be the duty of said conijiany bo to
construct the said railroad across such established road, street, or other way as luit
to impede the passage or traubporlation of persons or proptrly along the same.
* * • But the wiid company, iu passing into the Di.stj-it t aioresaid and construct-
ing the said road within the same, shall enter the city of Washington at such place
aud shall pass such public htrcet or alley to such point or termination within said
city SIS the said company shall find best calcuiaUHl to pronjote the <ibJcctsof s'lid
road: Provided^ That the level of said road within said city shall conform to the
present graduation of the streets uuIcks the said corporation shall agree t<i a dif-
ferent level.

By act of Congress approved February 11, 18,35, and being supple
mental to the foregoing act, it is provided, in section 4 thereof —

That the said comt>any are further authorized to construct branches of their i*oivd from
the main stem thereof, within the said city, to such place or ]ilacc8, and in such a
number of tracks, as the corporate authority of the <ity of Washington shall assent
to or permit : Provid4^d, That the said branches shall not pass through any of the
public reservations.

OCCUPANCY pF STREETS IN WASHINGTON BY B. & O. K. R. CO. 3

And it is farther provided iu section 5 —

That it shall be lawfal for the said company, and they are hereby empowered to
obtain, by gift or purchase, any lot or lots adjacent t-o any street or avenue along
which the said* company shall construct their road or branches, and to hold and im-
prove the same in such manner as may be necessary for the purposes of the said com-
pany, or for the beneficial use of said road or the branches thereof; and the said
company shall be authorized to extend and constrnct tracks of railway into any lot
or lots so held by them in connection with the tracks in any adjacent street or
avenue : Providedy That the free use of an^ street or avenue shalPnot be impaired
thereby. And provided aUOf That the said company shall not use or employ any
steam-engine in drawing or propelling the cars, wagons, or other vehicles on part of
the said road within the city of Washington except in such parts as may be agreed
to by the corporate authorities of said city.

By virtue of this legislation it is contended the Baltimore and Ohio
Bailroiul Company have the same rights, privileges, etc., as to location,
construction, and running of its road, as are given by its act of incor-
poration, passed by the Maryland legislature, February 18, 1827, and
by reference to said act of incorporation It will be seen that within the
State of Maryland said company has the right to cross or intersect or
pass over any road or way, provided it does not impede thereby the
passage or transportation of persons or property along the same ; and
that it has the right also to acquire property along its road, and to
build switches from its road to said property, and to use said property
for depot, freight, and all other purposes necessary and convenient to
the proper conduct of its road. It further appears that the same rights
are enjoyed by said road in the city of Baltimore and other cities
through which it may pass iu said State.

On the other hand it is contended that the provisions found in the
act of Congress relative to the Baltimore and Oh'io Railroad Company
are the same substantially as those contained in the acts relative to the
Baltimore and Potomac Bailroad Company. The right of the latter
company to lay tracks across Fourteenth street in this city, in the ab-
sence of an act of Congress permitting such use of the street, was be-
fore the Supreme Court in the case of the District vs. Baltimore and
Potomac Bailroad Company (114 U. B., 453). In that case, which is
relied on by counsel repi^esenting the owners of property in Trinidad as
authority for the position that the Baltimore and Ohio Company are not
entitled to occupy streets of that subdivision, the Baltimore and Poto-
mac Company had purchased square 233 with a view to building an ad-
ditional freight depot thereon in order to accommodate their increasing
traffic. In order to reach that square with its tracks it was necessary
to depart from Maryland avenue and cross square 267 and Fourteenth
street. Having given the District notice that it proposed to construct
a lateral track so as to connect its road with square 233, the company,
by its servant, proceeded to do the work, which the Commissioners pre-
vented by police interference. Thereupon the Bailroad Company hied
its bill in the Supreme Court of this District for an injunction to prevent
the Commissioners from interfering with them in the exercise of the
hght they claimed to build a lateral track across Fourteenth street into
square 233. The court granted the injunction as prayed, from which
the District appealed to the Supreme Court, where it was held that, in
the absence of an authorization by act of Congress '' or the consent of
any authority representing the city of Washington or the District of
Columbia," the railroad company had no right to lay its tracks in or
across the streets of the city of Washington. At page 460 the court
observes —

8# Mis. 4 36

4 OCCUPANCY OF STREETS IN WASHINGTON BY B. & O. E. K CO.

The title to the streets of the city of WashiDgton Is in the United States and not in
the city or in the owners of the adjacent lots. * * * It is therefore eminently
proper that the right to nse them for any other than the ordinary use of streets should
proceed from Congress.

But is the case of the District vs. The Baltimore aud Potomac Bail-
road Company iii point, and should it be followed as an authority in
this case f I think not. That case involved, as we have seen', the right
of the Baltimore and Potomac Company to build a lateral track across
one of the streets of this city without an act of Congress specifically
permitting it to do so. The Baltimore and Potomac Company had no
right to depart from the route s^cifically and minutely laid down for
them to pursue in the act of Congress of 1870; they did not possess the
right, as I think the Baltimore and Ohio Company does, to construct
lateral tracts into any lot owned by them. Their application in this
case is not for permission to lay tracks in the streets of this city, but
in the streets or roadways of a subdivision which lies outside the city
limits and is no part of the city. The Baltimore and Ohio Company,
by the act of 1835, has the right to enter upon, cross, and occupy, with
its tracks, the streets of Washington and the roadways of the District
east of Seventh street and north of the present depot

Thelanguage of the act of Congress admitting the Baltimore and Po-
tomac Company to come into the city is not so broad and libe'^al as the
act of 1835 permitting the Baltimore and Ohio Company to come in, and,
then, the decision of the Supreme Court refers only to the Baltimore aud
Potomac Company and its right to occupy the streets of Washington
City. The streets of Trinidad must be considered as "roadways" of
the District. They aje certainly not streets of this city, although they
may have been laid out so as to conform to the plan of the city streets,
by which is meant, if it be the case that some day in the future when
it becomes necessary to extend the limits of this city so as to take in
Trinidad and other subdivisions, there may be no inconvenience and
confusion because the streets of that or any other subdivision do not
correspond to the streets of the city. If the streets of Trinidad are
only "roadways" or streets of the District, and not streets of this city,
then it would seem clear that the Baltimore and Ohio Company have the
right to occupy those roadways or streets with their tracks as proposed,
provided the same is done so " as not to impede the passage or trans-
portation of property along the same," by Vhich is meant they shall so
lay their tracks at the crossing a^ not to prevent perilous from using
the streets for ordinary business and travel.

It is contended that the Commissioners have not the powers of munic-
ipal corporations. But the Commissioners, it has been held, have the
powers of the old Board of Public Works, and the Board of Public
Works had the powers of a municipal corporation so far as this ques-
tion is concerned. The Board of Public Works, under the act of 1835,
allowed the Baltimore and Ohio Company to occupy I street, within
the city limits, with its tracks known as the " Y." In doing this the
Board exercised municipal powers. The validity of this structure
called the " Y," was drawn in question in the circuit court of this Dis-
trict recently, in the case of Click vs. The Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad
Company, and again in Woods vs, the same company. The first case
was an action for damages to the plaintiff's i)roperty, growing out of
the operation by the company of the tracks called the "Y,'Mt being
alleged to bo an unlawful structure. Woods's case was for recover}' of
damages for personal injuries resulting from an accident on the^'Y"
in 1885. In Click's case Chief Justice Bingham at the first trial and Mr.

OCCUPANCY OF STREETS IN WASHINGTON BY B. & O. K. R. CO. 5

Jastice Montgoinery at the second trial, instracted the jury that the
(' Y" was a lawful structure. In the Woods case, Mr. Justice Mont-
gomery gave a sioiilar instruction ; of course these rulings are not
the deeisiojDB of the general term, but they are the decisions of two
of the jasticeB who may sit in the general term.

If, then, the Board of Public Works had the power to authorize the
Baltimore and Ohio Company to lay tracks on I street within the limits
of this city, then it is clear, I think, that the Baltimore and Ohio Com-
pany having purchased ground in Trinidad, outside the city limits, has
the right to pass by switch 'over and upon the roadways or streets of
Trinidad in order to reach and enjoy their property as proposed, ])ro*
vided they first get the approval of the Commissioners as the corporate
authority of this District, as provided in the act of l'885.
Very respectfully,

S. T. Thomas,
Assistant Attorney District of Columbia,

The Commissioners of the District of Columbia.

•Washington, D. C, July 26. 1890.

The Commissioners of tifb District of Columbia :

The Bliltimore and Ohio Railroad Company hereby request permission to locate and
construct certain tracks, and to erect certain structures, upon their property in the
sabdivision knowli as Trinidad ; said tracks to be constructed across the beds of P,
Q, and R streete.

Permission is also aske<1 to make snch cuttings in the beds of these streets, and so
depress the beds of said streets below the established graic, as to admit of the con-
struction of said tracks upon a grade uniform with that of the main tracks of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad adjoining the Trinidad subdivision. The Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad Company agrees tox^onstruct and maintain a suitable fence at the
top of said cutting.

By the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company,

Wm. Alvey, Agent
The above application is within the principle of my opinion.

8. T. Thomas,
Assistant Atiort^ District of Columbia,

51st Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Dor.

Ist Session. • ) (No. 204.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 9, 1890. — Referred to the Committee on Rales and ordered to be printed.

Mr. Boar sabmitted the following

RESOLUTION:

Resolved^ That the rules of the Senate be amended -by adding the
following:

When any bill or resolution shall have been under consideration for
a reasonable time it shall be in order for any Senator to demand that
debate thereon be closed. If such demand be seconded by a majority
of the Senators present, the question shall forthwith be taken thereon
without further debate, and the pending measure shall take precedence
of all other business whatever. If the Senate shall decide to close de-
bate, the question shall be put upon the pending amendments, upon
amendments of which notice shall then be given, and upon the meas-
ure in its successive stages according to the rules of the Senate, but
without further debate, except that every Senator who may desire shall
be permitted to speak upon the measure not more than once, and not
exceeding thirty minutes.

After such demand shall have been made by any Senator no other
motion shall be in order until the same shall have been voted upon by
the Senate, unless the same shall fail to be seconded.

After the Senate shall have decided to close debate no motion shall
be in order but a motion to adjourn or to take a recess, when such mo-
tions shall be seconded by a majority of the Senate. When either of
said mdtions shall have been lost or shall have failed of a second, it
shall not be in order to renew the same until one Senator shall have
spoken upon the pending measure, or one vote upon the same shall
have intervened.

51ST Congress, \ SENATE. « Mis. Doc,

1st Session, i . ' ( No. 205,

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 11, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. MoPhebson submitted the following

RESOLUTION:

Besolvedf That the Gommissioner of Labor be directed to farnlsh to
the Senate at the earliest practicable moment a statement of the direct
labor cost as itemized in Senate Mis. Doc. No. 198 as to labor cost in
one ton of steel rails in establishments in the United States ; said state-
ment to be compiled from Honse of fiepresentatives Mis. Doc. No. 2212,
as stated in last column of totals on page 35, which inclades seven steel-
rail establishments on the continent of Europe and two in Great Britain.

51st Congress, \ SENATE. . ( Mis. Doo. 205,

Isi Session, i \ Part 2.

m THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 11, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.
August 12, 1800. ^Considered, and, with the amendment proposed, ordered reprinted.

Mr. MoPhebson sabmitted the following

RESOLUTION:

Besolved^ That the Commissioner of Labor be directed to furnish to
the Senate at the earliest practicable moment a statement of the direct
labor cost as itemized in Senate Mis. Doc. No. 108 as to labor cost in
one ton of steel rails in establishments in the United States ; said state-
meiit to be compiled from House of Representatives Mis. Doc. No. 222,
as stated in last column of totals on page 35, which includes seven steel-
rail establishments on the continent of Europe and two in Great Britain.

AMENDMENT PROPOSED BY MR. EDMUNDS.

Strike out all after the word ^^ F^esolved/^ and insert:

TJiat the Commissioner of Labor &c, mid he hereby is, directed to furnish
the Senate as soon as practicable a statement of the direct labor cost men-
tioned in Senate Miscellaneous Document No. 108, of tlie present semon^
being ^^ Letter from the Department of Labor ^ dated August G, 1800, ad-
dressed to Senator Edmunds ^^^ of one ton of steel rails in the establishments
carrying on such operations in the United States, such statement to cover
the wJiole direct labor cost, beginning with tJie ore in the mine, and so o?i,
to the completed st^el rail ; and that he furnish a comparative statement
of such report^ with the statement on the same subject contmned in House of
Representatives Miscellatieous Document No, 222, of the present session;
and tliat he report the results of the information in his Department on the
same topic as applied to the production of similar steel rails in other coun-
tries; and tliat he report also the result of the information in his Depart-
ment in respect of the total amount of labor and all other personal service
and expense applied to the same ton of steel rails arising othericise than in
direct wa^ge labor; and that he report also tJie result of the information in
his Department in respect of the <;ost of ta^es, repairs^ interest on capital^
and other incidental expenses applied to the same subject, both in the United
States and in other countries.

51st Congress, \ . SENATE. j Mis- Doo.

1st Session. § 1 No. 206.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 12, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Edmunds submitted the following

ORDER:

Ordered, That during the consideration of House bill 9416, entitled
'^Au aot to reduce the ret enue and equalize duties on imports^ and for
other purposes," no Senator shall spealcmore than once and not longer
than five minutes on or in respect of any one item in said bill or any
amendment proposed thereto, without leave of the Senate, — such leave
to be granted or denied without debate and without any other motion
or proceeding other than such as relates to procuring a quorum when it
shall appear on a division, or on the yeas and nays being taken, that
a voting quorum is not present. And until said bill shall have been
gone through with to the point of a third reading no general motion in
respect of said bill other than to take it up shall be in order. All ap-
peals pending the matter aforesaid shall be determined at once without
debate.

Notice is hereby given, pursuant to Eule XL, that the foregoing order
will be offered for adoption in the Senate :

It is proposed to suspend, for the foregoing stated purpose, the fol-
lowing Eules, viz : V, VIII, IX, X, XII, XVIII, XIX, XXIL XXVII,
XXVIII, XXXV, and XL.

61ST OONOBESS, )

Ist Sessum. )

SENATE.

( Mis. Doc.
\ No. 207.

i:n the senate op the united states.

AtGUST 12, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Blair sabmitted the foUowinf;
RESOLUTION:

Resolvedj That the following rule be adopted to fix the limitof debate,
viz:

When a proposition has been under debate two days and not less than
four hours, which shall be determined by the Presiding Officer without
debate, it shall be in order to move the previous question, unless the
Senate shall otherwise fix* the time when debate shall cease and the vote
be taken ; and in any case arising under this rule the Senator in charge
of the measure shall have one hour in which to close the debate.

During the last fourteen days preceding the time fixed by law, or by
concurrent resolution passed by the Senate for the end of a session, a
majority of the Senate ma^' (^ose debate at any time, subject to the
right of the Senator in charge of the measure; and any motion for the
previous question or to limit debate and to fix the time for the vote to
be taken shall cease in one hour and be subject to the Anthony rule.

5l8T Congress, )
1^^ Session, i

SENATE.

Mis. Doo.
No. 208.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 1% 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. TuBPiE submitted the following
RESOLUTION:

Eesolvedj That the Secretary of the Treasary be directed to indade
the claim of Silas Q. Howe, surviving partner of W. T. Pate & Co.,
audited by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue under section 3220,
Revised Statutes, in the list of claims covered by the resolution adopted
by the Senate August 11, 1890, directing him to transmit to the Senate
a list of claims allowed by the several accounting officers of the Treas-
ury Department, etc.

61ST Congress, > SENATE. < Mis. Doo.

1st Session, f \ No. 209.

IN THE SENATE OP THE XJNITED STATES.

MEMORIAL

* > >

ON THE

MISSISSIPPI RIYER,

SHOJFINa THE REASONS WET PLANS ABE INAUGURATED AND ADVO-
CATED THAT HAVE NOT NOR NEVER CAN IMPROVE THE LOW-WATER
CHANNELS OF THAT RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES,

August 12, 1890. ^Presented by Mr. Blair and ordered to lie on the table and be

printed.

Ta the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives :

The opening of the Mississippi Biver with a ^hip-channel of 35 to
40 feet in depth, and the deepening of the low-water channels of that
river and its tributaries to doable their present depth, and at the same
time stopping the overflows of their valley lands, are questions of
snch recognized national importance and vast magnitude to the com-
mercial prosperity of the whole civilize^l world, that no one man or
combination of men dare come out and openly oppose these great meas-
ures, no matter how much money and other influence they may have
behind them.

But as there *are many men who, for various and selfish reasons, do
oppose them and to defeat those great works have inaugurated plans
under the name and direction of what is known as the Mississippi River
Commission, and are clamorous for the improvement of that great
river and its tributaries on the plans of that Commission for the reason
that they know they will do no good.

The creation of that commission was a cunningly devised trick, a deep-
laid plot, imposed on Congress and the country to defeat, so long as
I>ossible, one or all of these great works, and was as premeditated and
so far executed as was the assassination of General Garfield a suc-
cessful calamity, and has already cost the country more than one billion
dollars, nine-tenths of which the east and west railroads and their
connections have been tlie beneficiaries.

2 IMPROVEMENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.

THE FOLLOWING FACTS

will prove this, and what clearer proof of this fraad coald you have
than the Chamber of Commei-ce of the city of New York sending a
delegation of its own members to Washington City, headed by the presi-
dent of one of the greatest transcontinental railroads in this country, to
memorialize Congress and importunethe President of the United States
in favor of the improvement of the Mississippi Biver on the plans of the
Mississippi River Commission, as was the case a few weeks ago. Now
let me ask, as a fair business proposition, does it look natural or proba-
ble for the shrewd merchants of that great and grasping city to favor
anything that would tend to divert trade from that city, as would the
opening and the improvement of the Mississippi Biver, which, as above
stated, would have been done ten years ago had it not been for tlie
creation of the Mississippi Biver Commission.

AS REGARDS RAILROAD PRESIDENTS.

Show me one who favors the opening or the improvement of the Mis-
sissippi Kiver and I will show you leopards fresh from the jungles of
Africa without spots. The first is as unnatural as the other is impos-
sible, aiid the fraud is so glaring that even an imbecile must under-
stand it.

It has been stated that the

CITY OF ST. LOUIS

favors the opening and improving the Lower Mississippi Biver. That
statement is more ludicrous than the above, for that city supplies fully
three-fourths of all the goods bought for and used by the Mississippi
Biver Commission, and those merchants do not want that work to
ever end. And, as for the cotton merchants of St. Louis, every one of
these men will t€ill you that they do not want the Mississippi River
opened or improved, for, if so, no more cotton would come to that mar-
ket from the South.

Some five years ago one of the leading cotton men of St Louis told
me that he favored the jetties for the reason that be was satisfied they
never would get as much depth of water as at New York, and so long
as that was the case the cotton from the South would continue to come
to St. Louis ; and, the facts are, there is not now, nornever has been,
a 25-foot channel for incoming and outgoing vessels through the jet-
ties, and this is why cotton is carried from New Orleans to Liverpool
by rail to New York, where there is a 30-foot channel, and 10,000- ton
ships, which carry cotton on to Liverpool for 50 cents a bale, when at
New Orleans, in consequence of the small vessels that clear that port
of not over 3,600 tons, the charge on cotton to Liverpool is $1.50 a
bale, and the same proportionate difference on grain and all other
exports.

Soon after the opening of the

JETTIES

at the mouth of the Mississippi Biver, which gave 3 or 4 more feet of
water on the sea bar than formerly, the exports of grain in two or three
years from almost nothing ran up to 40,000,000 a year.

IMPKOVBMENT OF TIIK MISSISSIPPI lilVER. * 3

Tbis Mr. Jay Gould saw ai)d at once set about ways to stop it^ and the
first thing we beard was that Mr. Gould bad in the name of the Wa-
bash, the Missouri Pacific, and the Iron Mountain Bail Eoads, with
$450,000 in cash, bought the controlling interest in the St. Louis and
New Orleans barge line.

This was heralded as a great triumph for the Mississippi River by his
organs, the Times Democrat and Picayune, of Nevr Orleans, the Herald,
of Vicksburg, the Appeal, of Memphis, and the Eepublican, of St. Louis.
But what followed? It was but a short period of time when one-balf
of these barges went to the bank and there to rot, no more to be built,
and others followiiig in the same way, until at this time the exports of
grain from the port of New Orleans do not exceed 7,000,000 or 8,000,000
bushels a year, and two-tbirds of that is the surplus that bis roads
could not haul to New York.

To satisfy the minority stockholders in the barge line they get their
regular dividends, by pooling the earnings of the barge business with
that of his roads; in this way, without the people of the Northwest
knowing it, be has defeated the Mississippi as a competitor with the
trans-continental railways and their connections, and he has made
money by»it if he loses every dollar he put into the barge line, for by
this trick he has plundered the whole country out of at least one hundred
millions a year, and as for any good the Mississippi is to the country it
had as well not be there.

I have heard it stated on good authority that Mr. Gould is in favor of
the improvement of the Mississippi River on the plans of the Mississippi
River Oommission, and that he ha^ also said that Mr. Cowdon's plan
was correct, but he could not aid him, for it would break up all his East
and West railways and their connect iona. This fully verifies what was
said to me by one of his friends in Memphis ten years ago that ^* I could
not succeed with my plans to open and improve the Mississippi River,
for there were fully $3,000,000,000 invested in railroads that would
oppose me.^

To that statement I replied, and repeat it here, that it made no dif-
ference if it were as many trillion dollars I would succeed, for I was
right, as the time would soon come when the robbed and plundered
people of this whole country would wake up and send men to Congress
who would give me the chance to try the truth or falsity of my plans,
and I believe they are here now, and have good reason to ho|)e that
this expose, together with other things that are being done to expose
these frauds, will soon show Mr. Gould and his railroad friends and
attorneys that they do not own or control this Government.

MB. FINK,

another great railroad magnate^ said :

The MiBsififiippi River does uiore to regulate the freight rates on railroads than all
the laws Congress can ever make.

I am informed that be also, and very naturally so, favors the im-
l)rovement of the Mississippi River on the plans or* that Commission.

In 1874, when before the Senate Committee on Tnmsportation, Mr,
WalkeeJ the president of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Road,
said, ^^He did not see any use in the improvement of the Mississippi
Hiver, as the railroads could do all the business of the country."

When before the same committee Mr, McCoMBS,the president of the
Mobile and Ohio Road, said, "That he was not in favor of the improve-
ment of the Mississippi River, for as it was it was the hardest thin^j Iq
fight that he had struck yet, he reckoned,"

4 IMPROVEMENT OP THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.

So macli for tbe railroad men. Now let us see what others say about
the Mississippi Biver who are advocating its improvement on the plans
of the Mississippi Eiver Commission.

Several years ago

MR. JOHN A. STTBBSBy

the president of the Anchor Line of river steamers, told me ^' That be
did not want the Mississippi River improved; it suited him as it was."
About that time the general manager and superintendent and a large
stockholder in that line of lower river steamers said to me ^^ That if tbe
river was improved and the overflows were stopped that it would bring
about competition which they did not want; that they now had all, the
business that they could manage with one boat a day and did not want
that business increased.

THE ST. LOUIS BRIDGE.

When that was completed one of the leading newspapers in that
city said :

TbiB bridge frees as from tbe lower Mississippi River. It alwa.vs was a nuisance.
Witli tou railroads entering from tbe £ast and as many from tbe West and crossing
ou tbat bridge, we can now tbrow tbe lower end of tbe Mississippi River away.

HON. E. 0. ST ANNA RD,

who has large flour mills in St. Louis and is always figuring conspic-
uously in Mississippi Eiver conventions favoring the plans of the Mis-
sissippi Hiver Commission for its improvement, stated to me on the
floor of tbe Merchants' Exchange, " That he had no use for the lower
Mississippi River; tbat he sent all his flour east by rail; even that
which went to Central and South America went that way, and none by
New Orleans."

MR. DAVID p. HADDEN.

Some four years ago this gentleman, at a public meeting in the City
of Memphis, said :

Mr. Cowdon is rigbt ; bnt tbat as tbero is no money in bis plan and wo want the
appropriation's and tbey can only come tbrougb tbe Mississippi River Commission,
I am in favor of indorsing tbo Commission.

JUDGE SIMMERAL.

Tbis gentleman lives in Yicksburg, and at a public meeting in 1880
in tbe city of St. Louis, said "that the lower outlets, meaning the
Atchafalaya, tbe Morganzia, and Bonnet Carre, had for several years
kept the tlood-liue of the Mississippi down from eight to nine feet at
Vicksburg, and tbat he was a Arm believer in tbat system." When to
m3' astonishment in 1882 he came before the House Commerce Com-
mittee advocating the levee system, and stated to me the reason for the
change was they wanted the appropriations and could only get them
through the Mississippi Eiver Commission.

HON. LOGAN H. ROOTS, OF ARKANSAS.

On the same day this gentleman said to me: " You will ruin nsj there
is no money in your plan ; we must have the appropriations for levees,^
•and in order to get the appropriations they must have levees, not caring
a cent whether the country is overflowed or not.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI BIVER. 5

OAPT. ISAAO M. MASON,

This gentleman is now the president of the Anchor Line of steamers
already referred to, which now carries three-fourths of all the freight
and other business of the Mississippi Eiver Commission. He went to
the Yicksbarg Levee Convention and not only did all he could there
for the Biver Commission and leveesj but sent Captain Shields here,
who went before the Senate Commerce Committee and told so many
marvelous things about the improvement of the Mississippi Biver under
the direction of the Mississippi Biver Commission, and that how busi-
ness was increasing on that river in consequence of such improvement.

When the facts are the city of St. Louis now sends only two boats a
week to !New Orleans, and these are Anchor Line boats, when thirty
years ago when the commerce of the northwest was not the twentieth
X)art of what it now is, St. Louis had fully fifty large steam-boats iu
the New Orleans trade and twice as many more in the upper Missis-
sippi and Missouri Biver trades, and now not half a dozen in the upper
rivers.

The same with the Ohio Biver where there are not now a dozen
boats going to New Orleans, fully 90 per cent, of the commerce of the
northwest and southwest goes across the continent on railroads at three
times the cost of transportation that it would be were the Mississippi
Biver opened and improved as I have above stated.

THE COTTON EXCHANGE OF MEMPHIS,

I am informed, favors the improvement of the Mississippi Biver ou
the plans of that Commission, I have no doubt but that is true, for I
h^-ve been told repeatedly by the leading cotton men in that city that
if the Mississippi iiiver was opened with eVen a 30-foot «hip-ehannel
to the gulf that no more cotton from the river bottoms below Mem-
phis would come there, and that as a busin&ss proposition they would
be glad to see the mouth of the Mississippi Biver closed up.

THE BARBATABIA SHIP-CANAL.

The above are mainly the reasons why these same cotton merchants
of Memphis refused to aid me with the money to complete that great
work after they had helped me to get the charter through the Legisla-
ture of the State of Louisiana, and also the Congress of the United
States in 1877, and after they had sent a delegation of their own mem-
bers over the route, who reported it " feasible, easy of construction,
and would be one of the best paying investments in this country."

THE NEW ORLEANS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE,

it is asserted, also favors the improvement of the Mississippi Biver on
the plans of that Commission. This could not be otherwise, controlled,
as it has been, by the levee ring and the Times-Democrat, the organ
of east and west railways ; it was the jetties and general job organ ad-
vocating things to ruin New Orleans, the last of which was the building
of a pier and short-span bridge across the Mississippi Biver just above
that city.

Until recently that paper was controlled by Mr. E. A. Burke, the
defaulting and absconding State Treasurer of Louisiana, for whose
arrest that State has offered a reward of $15,000, when the facts are^

8 IMPROVEMENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.

The guessing as to the cost of the levees has been about as accurate
and is as follows: In 1875, after a very careful examination by a bpanl
of engineers, they guessed the levees would cost $50,000,000 to protect
the lower valley from the overflow of the Mississippi River, and noth-
ing said as to the cost of levees for the tributaries. In 1882, the River
Commission guessed the cost would be $15,000,000, in 1888 another
guess was $2,000,000, and in 1890, $15,000,000 more, after fully $25,000-
000 had been spent on the levees since 1882, and fully $10,000,000 from
1875 to 1882, and after all that the last overflow found the water higher
at many places than ever before, with great destruction of property and
some loss of human life, which, according to the reports of the River
Commission, was done with only 4 miles of breaks in the levees, the
repairing of which, at a liberal estimate, would not be $200,000, and the
same time they are now asking for these millions more for the levees.

Those engineers now tell Congress and the country that the long
looked for and wonderful scour of the bottom has commenced and that
in consequence of which the flood line will gradually lessen until there
will be no need of levees.

!Now, if this be the case, will not some Senator who may feel some
interest in the tax-payers of this country try and find out what they
want with this money when the river and harbor bill comes up in the
Senate f It may be that a new levee is contemplated as the bed for
Judge Steel and Mr. Rice's railroad.

Were school boys to come before their teacher with such guessing on
any problem as have those engineers come before Congress, they would
be put on the dunce block for correction or sent home as incurable im-
beciles.

If that is the way hydrographic engineering is taught at West Point
Congress had better get a new set of books and teachers or abolish that
institution altogether ; if not tbat, confine them to and within their
fortifications and let the civil engineers of the country have a chance
at all other kind of work when backed by men of capital oti the plan
of no cure no pay.

With the above facts the people of the whole country, and most es-
pecially in the Northwest, where the cost of transportation on their
grain leaves nothing for the producer, will have the right to ask their
Senators and Representatives why the following proposition, offered as
an additional section to the river and harbor bill, was rejected :

A bill to improve the low-wat«r naviKation of the lower MisBianippi River, to atop overfiowa, aod for

* other purposes.

Whereas the permaDeut improvement of the navigation of the Mississippi River and
its tributaries and the prevention of the great damage occasioned by the destmotive
overflows are matters of great interest to the nation and of paramonnt importance
to the States drained by this vast system of waters, and should be cared for by Con-
gress: Therefore^

Se it enacted by the Senate and House of R^presentattves of the United S ates of America
in Congress assembledy That John Cowdou and such others as may be hereaft-er asso-
ciated with him, or his and their assigns, be, and they are hereby, authorized, on the
conditions and terms herein set forth, at their own expense, to construct an outlet
for the flood-waters of the Mississippi River, from a point about ten miles below the
city of New Orleans, to the Gulf of Mexico, through X^ake Borgoe, on snch lands as
they or any of them may own or acquire, such outlet to be not less than one mile in
width, with an avera^j^o cross-sectional depth of ten feet below Gulf level, and of
Bufflciont capacity to discharge the flood- waters of the Mississippi River at tbat place
and to be provide<l with proper levees or embankments from river to the lake to pre-
serve the lauds immediately above and below it from inundation.

That as compensation for right of way for the land acquired, either by coudeiD-
natiou or purchase, and used in the construction of said outlet, and for the wu: k

IMPROVEMENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI KIVER. 9

and labor and expense of ^constracting the same, and for the reclamation and pro-
tection of the greater portion of the seventy million acres of valley lands of the
Mississippi River and its tributaries from overflow, and for the permanent improve-
ment of their navigation and also for opening np of a new and improved commercial
commnnication with Mobile, Pensacola, and all Eastern Golf ports, John Cowdon
and his associates, as aforesaid, or his and their assigns, shall receive from the Unites!
States, and shall be paid five hundred thousand dollar^ per ibot, and ratably for each
fractional part of a foot that the flood-line of the Mibsissippi River shall be lowered by
the Lake Borgne outlet at thacity of New Orleans, mouth Bed River. Vicksburg, month
Arkansas River, Helena, Memphis, and Cairo, within sixty days alter the outlet shall
have been opened, the greatest difference to be determined bv reference to the stage
of the water on the water-gauges kept by the Government officers at or near the city
of New Orleans and the above-named places, and before any natural fall of the Mis-
sissippi River at Cairo, notes to \^ taken, just before the outlet shall be opened and
also within sixty days thereafter by a board composed of five persons, three of whom
shall be appointed by the President of the United States and two by the said John,
Cowdon or his legal representatives, as aforesaid, all of whom shall be hydrographic
engineers from civil life, the salaries of each of whom shall be ten dollars a day and
all necessary expenses when actually engaged, and shall be paid by the said Cowdon
and associates, as aforesaid, the report of whom or a majority of whom to the Secre-
tary of War shall be conclusive evidence of the fact that the flood-line has or has
not been so lowered one foot or more at any one or all of the above-named places,
then the Secretary of War, upon the filicg of the report of said commissioners in his
ofiice, shall, without delay, issue to said John Cowdon, or his legal representatives, his
warrant upon the Treasurer of the United States for the amount oi money bo found
due them, and the same shall be paid by such Treasurer on presentation : Providedy
hoicever, That should the said Secretary of War disapprove the findings of the report
of the said board, he shall report the matter to the President, who uiall thereupon
appoint another board as aforesaid, which shall examine the said measurements and
report their findings to the Secretary of War, which last report shall be final and
conclusive of the matter.

That in order to further improve river navigation, should there be during the next
successive and following five years an additional lowering of the flood-line of the
Mississippi River at the above-named places, by other and auxiliary work of said
Cowdon and associates as aforesaid, or his and their assigns, they shall be paid the
same rate of compensation as above stated, measurement to be made annually and
determined as in the case of the first measurements made by the same board of com-
missioners just after each successive high-water period.

That within three years irom the opening of the Lake Borgne outlet, a navigable
and practical low-water channel of ten feet in depth shall be created in the Missis-
sippi River between Cairo, Illinois, and New Orleans, Louisiana, by the work of said
John Cowdon and associates, as aforesaid, or his and their assi^^ns, the .Secretary of
War shall cause to be paid to the said Johu Cowdon and associates, as aforesaid, or
his and their assigns, the sura of ten million dollars, and also two million five hundred
thousand dollars for each additional foot that the low- water channel of said river
may be further deepened between New Orleans and Cairo within the next following
and successive five years after the Lake Borgne outlet may be made, this to be de-
termined by the above-named board of commissioners, measurements to be made on
all shoal bars between the above-named places during or at the end of each low-
water period, and, as above, the report of a majority of said board shall entitle tho
said John Cowdon and associates, as aforesaid, or his and their assigns, to be paid by
the Secretary of War the additional amounts of money that mav be found due them
for deepening the low- water channel of the Mississippi River from New Orleans to
Cairo: Provided, That the above-described low-water channel be not so created within
the time above mentioned then the Government is to hold forfeited one-fourth of fill
the money that may become duo the said Cowdon and associates under the above cou-
tract to lower the flood-line.

That the sums of monev necessary to make the payments which may become dae
under the provisions of this act, upon a compliance with the terms thereof, are
hereby appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury of the United States not
otherwise appropriated.

That should any of the above-named board of commissioners resign, die, or from
any cause become incapacitated from performing said duties, then tho place of such
person or perHons shall be filled by the same authority appointing the original board
of comnnssiouers. And in case of the death of the said John Cowdon before the com-
pletion of the work herein i)rovidcd for, the same shall be prosecuted and completed
by bis legal representatives and his associates aforesaid, with tlio suine powervS,
rights, obligations, and compensation iis if done by him in person.

That the Lake Borgne outlet shall be ready to open by the first day of January
eighteen hundred and ninety-one, and shall be opened so soon as the water-gau^^e at
or near the city of New Orleans shows fourteen and one-half feet «fcboN^\Jtife\<^v?-^'a.\«^
mark of the Mississippi River at that plaoo.

10 IMPROVEMENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI EIVBR.

That IIm} Secretary of War bo, and he is hereby, authorized and dire;cted to carry
into effect the provisions of the act, and when the said John Cowdon and bis associ-
ates, as aforesaid I, or his and their legal representatives, shall have fulfilled their part
of the several foregoing conditions of this act, to draw, his warrants upon tho Treas-
urer in favor of the said John Cowdon and his associates) as aforesaid, or his and their
legal representatives, in payment of the aforesaid amonnts as they respectively Ik come
duo, according to the provisions of this act.

That all laws and parts of laws in conflicts herewith be, and are hereby, repealed,
and this act shall take effeot when approved.

Ill order to see who are in favor of the improvement of the Missis-
sippi on plans that will improve, will some Senator, when the Biver and
Harbor bill comes up, offer the above as an additional section. It ifiakes
no difference whether it be adopted or not. I want a yea and nay vote
on it.

5lsT Congress, > SBNATfi. (Mis. Doc.

1^ Session. J . \ No. 210.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 12, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Quay aabmitted the following

RESOLUTIONS:

1. Besolvedy That daring the present session of Congress the Senate
will not take np for consideration. any legislative business other than
the pending bill, being bill No. 9416, and general appropriation bills;
bills relating to pnblic bnildings, and public lands, pensions, and Sen-
ate or concurrent resolutions.

2. Resolvedj That the consideration of all bills, other than such as are
mentioned in the foregoing resolution, is hereby postponed until the
session of Congress to be held on the first Monday of December, 1890.

3. Resolvedj That the vote on the pending bill (House bill No. 9416)
and all amendments thereto, shall be taken on the 30th day of August
instant, at 2 o'clock p. m., the voting to continue, without further debate,
until the consideration of the bill and amendments is completed.

51ST Congress, ( SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

1st Session. J ( No. 211.

EXTRATERRITORIAL

CRIMINAL JURISDICTION

AND ITS

EFFECT ON AMERICAN CITIZENS.

A TREATISE BY

A.D0LT=>H: HEFNER,

Editor of Die **5^ Loui8 Tageblatt."

July 25, 1890.— Referred to tbe Committee on PriDtinf;.
August 14, 1890.— Reported and ordered to be printed.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

IS90.

CONTENTS.

Introduction

Pago.

CHAPTER J.
ATTITUDE OP THE GOVERNMENT OP THE UNITED STATES.

A. Declaration of the President of the United States on extraterritorial jnris-

diction 7

B. The two important principles laid down in the President's declaration 7

C. Conclusions, to the negative, from the President's two principles. 8

D. Circumstances not provided for in the President's declaration 9

£. Restrictions as to the conclusions from the President's declaration 10

CHAPTER ir.
FOUNDATION OP ♦' EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION."

A. General view. Origin and aim of territorial criminal legislation 12

B. Extraterritorial criminal Jurisdiction as far as in accordance with inter-

national law 13

Aa. In behalf of the State 13

Bb, In the interest of mankind 13

(1) as to the place of commission of offense 13

(2) as to the nature of offenses 14

(3) as to the quality of persons 14

Cc. On mutual consent of the States 14

C. The three classes of " extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction" under authority

of international law 14

1. For self-defense and safety of the state 14

(a) The principle itself 14

(&) Special reasons supporting the principle 15

((f) Restrictions to the principle IG

2. In the interest of mankind 17

(a) As to places (uncivilized lands and High seas) 17

(h) As to the nature of offenses (offenses against international law) . 17

(3) On mutual consent of the states 20

(«) Diplomatic representatives 20

(6) Public vessels , 20

4 CONTENTS.

D. Legislation of the United States in behalf of extraterritorial criminal ju-

risdiot ion under authority of international law 21

Aa. President Cleveland's mistake 21

Bh, Legislation on extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction to be found in

the Revised Statutes of the United States 21

(1) For self-defense and safety of the state 21

(2) In the interest of mankind 22

(a) As to places (a and /?) 22

(6) As to the nature of offenses.. 23

(3) On mutual consent 23

CHAPTER III.

FRENCH AKD GERMAN LEGISLATION ON FOREIGNERS' FOREIGN OFFENSES

AGAINST THE STATE.

A. Text of the main law 25

1. French law 25

2. German law 25

B. Synopsis of the French and German laws , 26

C. Criticism 26

I. French and German laws on foreigners' foreign political offenses 26

(a) French law ^

(b) German law 26

II. French and German laws on foreigners' foreign counterfeiting :

(a) General distinctions 26

(6) Position of the United States toward those laws 27

III. German la w on foreigners' foreign official offenses 27

D. Outline of the following chapters 28

CHAPTER IV.

FRENCH LAW ON CRIMES AGAINST THE STATE AND ITS EFFECT ON AMERICAN

CITIZENS.

A. Crimes against the exterior safety of the state 29

B. Crimes against the inferior safety of the state .« ••...• 90

C. Criticism '. 30

CHAPTER V.

GERMAN LAW ON CRIMES AGAINST THE STATE AND ITS EFFECT ON AMERICAN

CITIZENS.

Introductory 34

A. Treachery to the country (Landesverrath) 54

B. High treason (Tlochverrath) 36

C. Effect of the "high treason " law on American citizens ^ 37

CHAPTER VI.

THE GERMAN DYNAMITE LAW AND ITS CONNECTION WITH EXTRATERRITORIAL

CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

A. Introductory 39

B. Text of the German dynamite law 40

C. Criticism 40

1. General view of a grave American error at law 40

2. Transgression on tlje part of Germany of our rights 4*2

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION AND ITS EFFECT

ON AMERICAN CITIZENS.

INTRODUCTION.

To the Mexican-Texan Cutting case (1886) the origin of this essay is
due. It aims to lay, for the first time, a scientific foundation to *^ Extra-
territorial criminal jnrisdiction.'' I am not aware of any international
law book that had tried to solve this problem.

The mere statement of the President of the nnit<ed States that our
laws do not warrant the assumption of extraterritorial criminal juris-
diction," can not save us from the consequences of that foreign assump-
tion of "extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction," even if such statement
were incontestable. Thousands of American citizens are crossing the
Atlantic yearly, and visiting countries that assume "extraterritorial
criminal jurisdiction," A Cutting case, translated in one of the several
European languages, may, with some modifications of even a more seri-
ous form, occur on the European Continent at any time, not on account
of libel, like our original Cutting case, but on the ground of other act«,
on which some foreign countries specially legislated against foreigners.

We should therefore institute a search through such foreign legislation
a gairist foreigners J in order to find out not only how far we are liable to
trial abroad, but to investigate whether or not such legislation be valid
in view of generalb^ acknowledged principles of international law. And
should we have legitimate reason to contest such foreign legislation,
we might rather do so as soon as possil le instead of waiting for the
occurrence of an actual case connected with such legislation.

It must be left, of course, with the Government of the United States
to institute such search. All private means would prove to be insufii-
cient. The Government alone can succeed in securing all information
necessary for that task. The Government need only to issue an order
to the diplomatic representauts of the Unit^d^States at foreign govern-
ments for a collection of all foreign laws, concerning punishment of
foreigners for offenses coinniitted abroad.

The urgent necessity of such a search the following lines will amply
prove.

A. H.

CHAPTER I.

ATTITUDE OF TEE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES,

A.— DECLARATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES ON

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

President Cleveland, in his message of December, 1886, to the re-
opened Forty-ninth Congress, in reviewing the noted "Mexican Cutting
case," (that is to say, the case of the American citizen Cutting, who had
been arrested in Mexico on the charge of libel committed in Texas against
a citizen of Mexico), said :

The incident has disclosed a claim of jurisdiction by Mexico, novel in our historyi
whereby any offense committed anywhere by a foreigner, penal in the place of its com-
mission and of which a Mexican is the object, may, if the offender be found in Mexico,
be there tried and punished in conformity w i tb Mexican law. « • • The admission
of such a pretension would be attended with serious results, invasive of the juris-
diction of this Government and highly dangerous to our citizens in foreign lands ;
therefore I have denied it and protested jigainst its attempted exercise as unwarranted
by the principles of law and international usages.

A sovereign has jurisdiction of offenses which take effect within his territory,
although connected with or commenced outside of it, but the right is denied of any
foreign sovereign to pnnish a citizen of the United States for an offense consummated
on our soil in violation of our laws, even though the offense be against a subject of
such sovereign. The Mexican stbtute in question makes the claim broadly, and the
principle, if coneeded, would create a dual responsibility in the citizen and lead to
inextricable confusion, destructive of that certainty in the law which 16 an essential
of liberty.

B.— THE TWO IMPOETANT PRINCIPLES LAID DOWN IN THE PRESIDENT'S

DECLARATION.

President Cleveland, thns, regarding acts committed in violation of
onr laws, denies the right of foreign jurisdiction in general, admitting
it only where said acts, though connected with or commenced in this
country, take eflFect in the foreign country. With other words, the
President denies the right of extraterritorial jurisdiction of offense on
the following two grounds :

I. The authorities of the place of the commission of the offense

have the privilege of priority of jurisdiction.

II. A dual responsibility is wholly inadmissible.

8 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

On the ground of these two generally acknowledged principles the
President's protest against Mexico's attitude seems to be thoroughly
iustiiied. For« libel is punishable in Texas, and the offense of libel is
consummated where the libelous paper first was published. Therefor©
Cutting's alleged offense, if ever, should not be prosecuted outside this
country, even though the alleged offense were against a citizen of Mex-
ico, and said libelous paper, published iu Texas, were circulating iu
Mexico. The writer or publisher of a libel, in circulating his libelous
paper abroad, does not commit a second offense; circulating being the
purpose of publishing, circulating and publishing are united to causal
relationship. The circumference of the circulation of a malicious libel
may only be regarded as a measure of the degree of maliciousness of
the libeler, and, in consequence of that, referred to in limiting the x)un-
ishmeut.

C— CONCLUSIONS, TO THE NEGATIVE, FROM THE PRESIDENT'S TWO PRIN-
CIPLES.

As indisputably right as are the two principles laid down in the
President's message, denying Mexico's rightpf jurisdiction of Cutting's
Texan libel against a Mexican, the logic consequences of these two
principles might appear, too.

If, as we saw, the "privilege of priority," on the part of the State of
the commission of the offense, and a '* dual responsibility " are the two
grounds for denying to a foreign government jurisdiction of foreign
offenses against their citizens, 8u<ih foreign jurisdiction fmist be conceded^
where either of those grounds is wanting; that is to say, where —

(1) The State of the commission of the offense is prevented from

or renounces exercising its privilege of priority of jurisdic-
tion, and, thus,

(2) The objection of a '^ dual responsibility " is overcome.
Two cases may illustrate the foregoing conclusion :

Suppose Cutting really having committed said libel in Texas, thereby
injuring a Mexican citizen and beiug liable to pnnishment in either
State. Suppose further. Cutting having gone or fled to Mexico and
been caught there.

Now the United States claim their " privilege of priority of jurisdic-
tion." ^

But Mexico might answer :

" We recognize your ' privilege of priority of jurisdiction,' but you are
not in position to exercise it How can you guaranty that Cutting will re-
turn into your territory ! The extradition treaty between the United
States and Mexico does not embrace libel case. We have no more right
to extradite Cutting than you would have to demand his extradition.
You being thus i)revented from exercising your * privilege of priority,'

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 9

our secondary right of jurisdiction, our secondary right to punish Cut-
tiilg iiccording to our laws, may take place, and by our trial Cutting's
< dual responsibility ' shall cease at once."

II.

Take for granted, that the case of libel is r>tnbraced by extradition
treaty, or that no treaty at all exists, and extradition, <according to the
theory adopted by some governments, is left with each government as
a matter of comity.

(See Halleck, " International Law, '' and Wharton's " Digest of Inter-
national Law of the United States.")

Take, then, for granted, that Mexico is ready to extradite Cutting.
The United States, however, might say :

^^ The big exi)enses of extradition are not warranted either by the
person concerned of, nor by the case itself. We, therefore, renounce
getting Cutting extradited. "

In thia case, too, Mexico could '' legally" proceed to trial against her
prisoner Cutting.

D.—CIRCUMSTANCES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN THE PRESIDENT'S DECLA-
RATION.

We were dealing, heretofore, with cases relating only to the Presi-
dent's declaration on " Extraterritorial criminal j urisdiction." It were a
wholly unwarranted claim, that a message to Congress, while dealing
with so many important items, should settle within so sparely limited a
space of print all questions discussed in such document. It is, there-
fore, quite self-understanding, that the President's declaration is far
from exhausting the subject-matter. The President, in denying to any
foreign sovereign the right of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction, had
in view only foreign jurisdiction of acts committed in this country in
violation of our laws. In denying, by very strong reasons, to any sover-
eign the right of assumption of such jurisdiction, the President did not
need expressly to declare, that, ex fortiori^ his denial includes foreign
jurisdiction of American acts not punishable by our laws. The Presi-
dent did not need expressly to declare it, because it is held a general
rule, that no criminal responsibility can be stated for a deed not infring-
ing on the penal laws of the place of its conunission ; with other words,
"criminal responsibility is cohesive to statutory provision." (Wharton,
Criminal Law )

Would Cutting, for instance, have been satisfied with slandering in
Texas that Mexican, with calling him a robber, a murderer, etc., instead
of libeling him, the Government of the United States might have inter-
fered with Mexican criminal proceedings against Cutting — provided that
slander be in Mexico, like in Enrope, the same criminal offense as is libel
— on the ground that slander in this country warrants only civil suit

10 ' EXTKATERHITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

but uo criminal jurisdiction at all, and, indeed, the less of a foreign
government than of the authorities of this country.

Some other cases in addition to slander ma^ be imagined that, con-
trary to foreign criminal legislation upon them, can be settled in this
country by civil suit only, or that are even not subjected in this coun-
try to any legal proceedings at all.

In all such cases tlie denial of any right whatever of foreign govern-
ment to assume e:(traterritorial jurisdiction would seem a ^^ matter of
course."

And yet, we should remember that millions of people are sometimes
divided in their opinions as to what may be a ''matter of course."
Perhaps those countries that assume extraterritorial criminal jarisdic
tion might be able to defend the course they took by some reasons which
should appear a "matter of course," too. Perhaps that foundation ol
extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction might show some instances war-
ranting even that principle of "cohesion of responsibility and local stat-
utory provision" to be overruled in certain cases by a higher principle
common to all mankind. Perhaps it might be proven that the non-
disallowance of an act in one state i^ jby no means an obligation to
other states to allow themselves to suffer from those acts. Perhaps it
might be proven that a right of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction
could be maintained (irrespective of and without prejudice to the ac-
knowledged two principles adopted by our Government) by Sk principle
suspending all ordinary laws.

We should, therefore, not only declare why we are disinclined to rec-
ognize any right of extraterritorial jurisdiction, but we shall have to
answer the other party, why their reasons for assuming extra-territorial
criminal jhrisdiction, as far as not defeated by the two principles laid
down in the President's message, should not be sustained.

E.— RESTRICTIONS AS TO THE CONCLUSIONS FROM THE PRESIDENT'S

DECLARATION.

The President, in concluding the discussion of the Cutting case, says :

Whatever the degree, to which extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction may have
been formerly allowed by consent and reciprocal agreement among certain of the
European states, no snch doctrine or practice was ever known to the laws of this
country or of that, from which our institutions have been mainly derived.

We shall see, hereafter, in Chai)ter II, D, that this statement of the
President must be conceived ** cum grano salis.''^ For we have to dis-
tinguish extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction at large from extrater-
ritorial criminal jurisdiction under the atithority of international law.
The assertion of the President, that " no such doctrine or practice was
ever known to the laws of this country," should be restricted to " extra-
territorial criminal jurisdiction at lurge.^ That is to say, the United
States, indeed, wisely refrain from assuming extraterritorial criminal
jurisdiction of offenses, that do not touch this country^ but they, more

EXTRATERUIXORIAL cklHINAL JURISDICTION. 11

wisely, assume jurisdictian of certain extraterritorial offenses, that af-
fect this cauntry or mankind in general. They assume sacb extraterri-
torial criminal jnrisdiction un\er the authority of international laiQ^ as we
shall see jn Chapter II, D.

We do not decide here whether that Mexican law on foreign libel
comes under "extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction at large^^ deservedly
denied by the United States, or under " extraterritorial criminal juris-
diction under the authority of international law,''' as practiced by the
United States themselves. We indicate here the possibility only of
the President's denial of '* extraterritorial criminal jnrisdiction" prov-
ing insufficient as to that Mexican statute, should it be shown that the
Mexican statute is founded on the same principles of international lawj
from which the United States' legislation on foreign offenses arose,
which we shall have to deal with in Chapter II, D.
• Before going into th.e details of this investigation, we have to draw
X\m foundation of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction^ to state its origin
and circumference, measured by the sound extraterritorial laws of the
United States,

S. Iflls. 4 88

CHAPTER II.

FOUNDATION OF ''EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.''

A.— GENERAL VIEW. ORIGIN AND AIM OF TERRITORIAL CRIMINAL

LEGISLATION.

The best way of stating the principles of extraterritorial criminal
jurisdiction is to explain the origin and aim of territorial criminal jaris-
diction.

We issue penal laws and punisli crimes for our self-defense and for the
prevention of acts annihilating our safety.

Self defense is the cause and prevention of crimes the aim of criminal
legislation.

But as we are confident that all civilized nations are interested alike
in punishing acts destroying the safety of mankind, and as it is rather
impossible to watch over the whole world, we satisfy ourselves with
legislating on crimes committed on our soil. And so all other nations
do. Hence the general understanding y that crimes, in the legal senscj are
local.

We confine, therefore, punishment of murder, etc., to such acts com-
mitted within our acknowledged jurisdiction, not because we believe
murder committed within foreign jurisdiction to be a harmless deed, or
an act not disallowed, but because we are sure that all civilized nations
take similar precautionary steps against such crimes as we do. Should
we once learn that a state, supposed to be civilized, omitted or abol-
ished laws punishing capital crimes, the United States certainly would
resolve to resort topreventive measures against visitors from such state,
and so make a murder committed there indictable in this country, should
the perpetrator reach our shores. We should do so, because we could not
consider that state any longer a civilized one.

In that case we may assume eo^traterritorial criminal jurisdiction ac-
cording to the laic of nations.

The understanding, that crimes are local, is valid as to civilized terri-
tories only, but not as to uncivilized ones.

It is of no matter whether there be a slight difference between the
states as to the degree of the gravity of a certain crime ; the essential
point that reassures us is the conscience, that, as to capital crimes and
grave offenses, all civilized nations feel in their own behalf the same
necessity of legislating in some eflBcient way.
lii

EXTRATEBBITORIAL CRIMIIiAL JURISDICTION. 13

With this understanding^ and in order to avoid inextricable confusionj
the states of the world conliued, in general, their criminal legislation
to the territory of their own, save some exceptions allowed by international
lawj the common law of nations.

We shall have now to explain how far the law of nations indulges in
such exceptional extraterritorial jurisdiction.

B.— EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION AS FAR AS IN AC-

CORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW.

If our argumentation that—

(a) The origin and aim of criminal legislation at all are ^< self-

defense and safety ;"

(b) The understanding of territoriality of criminal jurisdiction of

a state is valid towards civilized nations only—
If that our argumentation be right, it would follow tbat interna-
tional law grants to every state, in wbich the law of nations is a jiart
of the law of the land, the right to legislate on extraterritorial criminal
jurisdiction.

Aa. — In behalf of the state (according to B a.)

B&. — In the interest of mankind (according to Bj.)

Go. — On mutual consent of the states (according to Ba and b.)

Aa.— IN BEHALF OF THE STATE.

We contend that we are entitled to legislate on extraterritorial jur-
isdiction on account of the self defense and in behalf of the safety of the
state towards other states ; t!iat is to say, to provide for punishment of
foreigners^ foreign offenses against the safety, the order, and the peace
of our state : Provided, of cotirse, that such legislation be not at variance
tcith the similar necessities of otfter states abiding under the protection of
the same law of nations,

Bd.— IN THE INTEREST OF MANKIND.

We contend that we may assume, in the interest of mankind, a triple
extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction differing —

(1) As to the place of commission of offense ;

(2) As to the nature of offenses ;

(3) As to the quality oi persons,

{I) As to the place of commission of offenses, — We all know that we
may assume extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction over places where no
other civilized authority yet exists, as in certain lands of barbarous or
half-barbarous tribes or nations ; over places, where on account of the
place being common property of manhindj no special jurisdiction of a
special state can be established at all, as on the high seas.

14 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

(2) As to the nature of offenses. — We may assnme extraterritorial
criminal jurisdiction over offenses against the law of nations^ eks piracy,
slave-trade, breach of neutrality, etc.

(3) As to the quality of persons. — We may assame extraterritorial
criminal jurisdiction over the officers, and partially over the sutjects, of
the state^ wherever they may be.

Cc-ON MUTUAL CONSENT OF THE STATES.

We extend the criminal jurisdiction of the state to such extraterri-
torial places as wore conceded by mutual consent in each state to other
states for jurisdiction, as the office of the diplomatic representnnt and
public vessels in foreign countries, this being mainly an emanation from
the mutual comity of the states granting

(a) Exemption from detention to sovereigns of foreign states ;
{6) Immunity to foreign ministers ;

(x) Immunity to troops which a sovereign allowed to pass through
his dominion.
Ihese three species (Aa, Bb, Gc) of extraterritorial criminal jurisdic-
tion may be referred —

The I species (Aa, safety of the state) to necessity^
The II species (Bb, interest of mankind) to utility,
The III species {Cc, mutual consent) to commodity.
And by these three species or classes all extraterritorial criminal
jurisdiction, as far as warranted by international law and harmonious
with the general principles of ferritoHa^ jurisdiction, is exhausted.

It remains for us now to explain in detail those three classe^s of extra-
territorial criminal jurisdiction under the authority of international laic,
and to support them by reasons additional to those shown by the deriva-
iou itself of ^^extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction" from territorial.

And herewith we shall try to find out how far the United States made
use of their right of assuming ** extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction^ under
the authority of international law.

C— THE THREE CLASSES OF '• EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURIS-
DICTION UNDER AUTHORITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW."

1— FOR SELF-DEFENSE AND SAFETY OF THE STATE.

(a) Uie principle itself

The right of self-defense is a well-recognized law Of nature, against
which all protests prove a failure every time. And as we grant the
right of self-defense to individuals, we shall have to concede it so much
the more to the state, that great combination of individuals. Bat this
light of self-defense of the state were an illusory one should it remain
restricted to offensive acts committed within the borders of the state.

If self-defense be not disallowed at all, we shall have the right to

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. • 15

defend our safetj' against whaUvtr offender from tchatever direction. If
self-defense, and safety of tbe state are cause and aim of territorial
criminal legislation, self defense and safety must be sufficient reasons
for extraterritorial criminal legislation, too, providing for punishment
of foreign offenses against the safety, the peace, and the order of the
state.

(b) Special reasons supporting the principle.

(a) No duty without right — By international law every state is bound
to prevent by state law its citizens from committing acts of overt
hostility against other States. This duty implies the right of the state
to provide also for its protection against hostilities from subjects of
other states.

(/3) International law of England as well as of the United States recog-
nizes the excnsability of a state intruding, in cases necessary for self-
protection, on the territory or the waters of a foreign nation.

The celebrated Sir K. Phillimore, in his commentaries on interna-
tional law, says :

The right of self-protection is prior and paramount to that of territorial inviola-
bility.

And Prof. Francis "Wharton, in his Digest of International Law of
the United States (see § 50) says :

When there is no other way of warding off a perilous attack upon a country, the
sovereign of such country can intervene by force in the territory from which the
attack is threatened, in order to prevent such attack.

Now, if a state has the right to intrude for self defense on a foreign
territory, it has a fortiori the right to iirovide for punishment of
foreign offenses against the state, should the offenders be caught within
the state.

More explicitly : If warding off a threatened foreign attack warrants
intrusion ou foreign territory, such wardiug off must be allowed to the
threatened state on its own soil so much tbe more.

{y) Conception of ideal consummation. — ^There may be remarked in
criminal law a certain class of offenses, as to the "consummation" of
which the notion is disputable, to wit: foreign offenses against the
safety, the order, and the peace of the state. If we commit an offense
against the safety, etc., of a foreign state, the results of our acts are in-
tended to take effect in that foreign state; thus our offense, although
. technically consummated in the territory of the perpetrator, may be
considered as ideally consummated in that foreign country. Such in-
terposition of ideal consummation for the technical one is no novel point
at law. (But see "Kestrictious," sub. (d) page 16.)

Connected with this theory, or rather dependent on it, is the theory
of—

(S) Intraterritorial liability . of extraterritorial principal and aoces-
gory. — The latter theory was exhaustively dealt with by Professor

16 • EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURI8DI0TIOK.

Wbarton in ** Treatise on Criminal Law," §§ 278 seq,^ and supported by
numerons instances.

As to the right of self-defense of a state, it is no matter whether that '
self-defense of a state against foreign offenders be confined to offenseii
against the state itself, to wits its constitution, its independency, its
seal, its lawful money, or be extended to offenses against the citizens of
that state. As the state is composed of citizens, and the latter, with
their government representing them, constitute the state, such state
may justly extend its right of self-defense to the defense of its citizens
and provide for their protection against injury, as well as for protection
of the state itself.

From this point of view— though strange it may seem to English-
American practice — that noted Mexican statute on foreign libel hardly
could be contested. Professor Wharton, in his alleged "Treatise on
Criminal Law," brings the caseof/om^fn libel under " Liability of extra-
territorial principal;^ but there is no need to call for a secondary reas«)u,
while foreign libel may be put under the main principle of self defense of
the state or its Citizens,

Such legislation, like the alleged Mexican one, seems to be of coarse
somewhat fribble, and a really great country never probably would
take such a troublesome step to call for account a foreign libeller and to
waste the time with such trilling. But that Mexican statute, like some
other and much coarser strangeness, is a *' legal" one.

Moreover, the most European states do not go so far as Mexico does.
Especially Germany and France do not include foreigners' foreign libel
in their provisions against foreigners' foreign offenses.

(d) Restrictions to the Principle,

Self defense, like all other rights, has its limits, for exceeding of
which we are to be held responsible. We are not allowed, for instance,
to shoot at a boy for throwing us with snow-balls; nor to ieep, for the
sake of our safety, a dog assailing passers by, or bellowing up the
sleeping neighborhood night by night.

We recognize only justified " self defense."

In this connection a state can not complain of '* foreigners' foreign
offenses " against the i)eace, the order, and the safety of the state, if
the acts complained of were committed in the legitimate use of the con-
stitutional or legal rights of such foreign state, or in behalf of its constitu-
tional liberty. In this case the right of self-defense belongs td both ndes
alike, and no party can be punished by the other one. A state can not
extend its punishing right of self-defense — in behalf of the peace, the
order, and the safety of the state — to a degree of outrage, to wit, to a
degree of interference tcith the right of self-defense of another state.

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 17

This matter will be amply covered by our chapters IV and V, dealing
with French and German legislation on '' foreigners' foreign offenses
against the state."

2.-IN THE INTEREST OF MANKIND.

{a) As to places (uncivilized lands and high seas) :

From the understanding between all civilized nations that each and
every one restricts, in general, criminal jurisdiction to their own terri-
tory, itt order to not aimlessly interfere with other nations' jurisdiction,
the point of view arises, that every state may extend its jurisdiction to
such places as —

(a) Are not yet covered by jurisdiction of any special state ; or
(/?) Can not be covered at all by jurisdiction of any special state.
Such places are —
{a) Unsettleil and uncivilized lands;
{/3) The high seas, common property of piankind.

Support to the argument.

{a) The aim of extraterritorial jurisdiction in uncivilized lands and on
the high seas is^Jirsty to protect our citizens sojourning at such places.
"As far as a state can protect itself, so far its jurisdiction extends" (Kent).

The second re:ison is, to promote humanity in the worldj to lend pro-
tection to human beings wanting the blessure of safeguard of anational
law at those places.

Either of these reasons is sufficient to warrant to any .state the as-
sumption of extraterritorial jurisdiction. Practice, however, secured
general recognition to extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction on the high
seas far earlier than to extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction over unciv-
ilized lands,

'< It is generally conceded that subjects should be held responsible to
the courts of their country for offenses committed in barbarous or un-
settled lands " (Wharton's Criminal Law, § 271), while not all authorities
are of the opinion that " any government may assume jurisdiction over
offenses committed in solitudes, as in cases of crimes committed on the
solitudes of ocean." (Sentence of a judge of the New Jersey supreme
court, quoted in Wbarton's Criminal Law).

According to our sytem, laid down in part B3 of this chapter, subjects
are responsible to the state of tbeir allegiance everywhere, including
barbarous and unsettled lands. The lack of general recognition to the
right of the state to assume extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction over
offenses committed in barbarous and unsettled lands is probably less
due to a denial of the principle, but to commodity. For as it is apparent
that an uncivilized land, after having been settled upon by subjects of
one state will soon exercise some attraction for settlement to citizens of
other states, too, the state of the first settlers chooses to confine its
jurisdiction in that uncivilized land to its own subjects from the mere
S. Mis. 211 2

18 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

aspect, otherwise to be harassed by iDimmerous couflicts with that mixed
popalatiou, rough in their habits, as first settlers sometimes are. It
is quite a policy of prudent judiciousness. The mother state of the
first settlers dislikes to be iutricated in collisions with all other states
by the differences of those inhabitants of adventurous fore-life, diflfer-
ences either between each other or between the civilized population
and the natives. But this policy of safe prudence should uot be re-
garded precedentially a prejudice to the principls of the right of the
state to assume extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction over unsettled
and uncivilized lands, where no jurisdiction of any state yet exists.

{/3) This principle is valid, so much the more, as to such barbarous
or utisettled lands, as are not even inhabited by any civilized people, nor
recognized by treaty with any state,

(y) An offspring of that principle is the consular judiciary system
in remote states, though civilized, but far inferior to our civilization.

(d) Jurisdiction of all states over the high seas had been crystallized
in the theory that a ship at sea is regarded in international law as a
portion of the state the flag of which she bears ; and the consequence
of this generally acknowledged theory is, that ''crimes committed on
board a ship on the high seas are triable only by the authorities of the
country to which she belongs;" no matter whether it be a public ship or
a merchant vessel. (With some eiceptions [L, As to offenses against
international law ; and, 2, As to merchant vessels within the marine
belt, the port, etc.;] we shall haveto deal below).

{b) As to the nature of offenses, (Offenses against international laic)

Dependent upon the theory, stated in G 2 of this chapter, is the
general rule of international law, that an offender against international
law, on account of being an enemy to mankind, may be punished by
any state getting first hold of him.

" Offenses against the law of nations, wheresoever find by whom-
soever committed, are within the cognizance of the judicial power of
any state." (Halleck and other text- writers.)

Every state may assume extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction over
its subjects irrespective of their place of sojourning. The reason of
that international understanding seems to be this: A person sojourn-
ing at a foreign country, without being naturalized there, may, after
some time, change his place of residence again, emigrate to another
countr}', and finally return to his mother country. Such emigrants, be-
li)ugingto the ''floating population," easily could escape every respon-
sibility for foul deeds committed abroad should they be thought sep-
arated from their original allegiancetotbelawsof their mother country,
while living abroad as unnaturalized foreigners. In traveling between
countries not provided with extradition treaties, said people would

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 19

enjoy full immunity, could they not be held, at least, responsible at
home, for their acts committed abroad. A subject of the state re-
mains, therefore, subject to its laws, as long as he did nof renounce
allegiance to that state in behalf of another one. And, likewise, as a
good family takes care that its children, when on a visit, behave them-
selves, so a state is bound by honor and self-respect, to provide that
its subjects, when abroad, don't commit an i%Gt that would be indict-
able, when committed at home.

Oermany, for instance, goes sd far as to punish Germans for violently
Insisting abroad a foreign public officer, while the latter is on duty.

Oermany punishes in general, Germans for committing offenses in
foreign countries, when such offenses were punishable as well by the
laws of the place of commission as by German law, provided the case
was not yet settled (a) by acquittal in that foreign country, or (b) by pun-
ishment as pronounced by that foreign court, or (c) by pardon in that
foreign country, or (d) by statute of limitation of that foreign country,
or (e) by omission, ou the part of the injured party to file a petition,
should such initiative be necessary in that foreign country for entering
suit. See §§4, 3 and 5 of the German penal code.

And in compensation thereof, Germany, by §§9 of her penal code de-
clares :

"A German shall not be extradited to a foreign government for proseim-
tion or punishment,^

If a German committed a crime abroad and returned then to Ger-
many, he can not be extradited, but he will be prosecuted i n Oermany, and
tried on the face of the evidence, furnished by any foreign government
and produced or legalized by the foreign German diplomatic or consu-
lar service.

If some cotintries do not assume extraterritorial criminal legislation
over their subjects abroad to a large degree, their attitude is guided by
the belief, that all civilized countries are interested alike in punishing
offenses; they refrain from extending their jurisdiction, in general, over
subjects abroad, because of their surety that their subjects abroad
would be punished abroad, should they commit there an offense ; and
in the worst case '* extradition " may help such subject to deserved
punishment, should he escape justice for a time.

But we should not rely on extradition ; first, because that matter lies
everywhere in a wholly unsettled shape; and second, because the high
expenses of extradition seldom warrant such course.

The necessity of assuming, ou the part of the state, extraterritorial
criminal jurisdiction over its subjects abroad, may appear from the fol-
lowing :

If a fugitive from justice, a subject of the State A comes into the
State B, the sovereign of State B has at least the right, should he deem
it necessary or advisable, to expel such foreign, fugitive, and so the
possibility of the fugitive going back to the place of commission of offense

20 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

can be assumed. But if that fugitive from justice^ escaping; from Stute
A to State 6, is a subject of the latter State, bis sovereign can not (for
in8tance,mot if tlie latter State B be Germany, as was shown above)
under existing laws extradite him, nor could his sovereign — according
to the laws of many states — expel him. Thus, if State B did not as-
sume extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction over its subjects abroad, each
subjects of State B would be, in fact, in possession of a charter of im-
munity abroad, provided they were skillful or smart enough to escai)e
justice and leave the country where they committed the crime and re-
turn to their mother country.

If the fugitive from justice, whose extradition can not be effected—
either on account of lack of treaty or on account of the big expenses-
is a subject of the state, on the soil of which the crime was committed,
that fugitive damaged or injured his own country, and such country
must acquiesce in the loss by her subject. But it is a strange insinua-
tion that a state should be forced into suffering from injury by an eUien
escaping justice. The question may therefore be raised, if it were not
opportune, to convert the right of the state of assuming extraterritorial
criminal jurisdiction over subjects, into international duty^ especially of
those states denying extradition of subjects.

Such duty could, of course, be only a secondary one, that is to say,
the state should assume jurisdiction over offenses committed by sub-
jects abroad, only in the case where the "privilege of priority^' of the
state, in which the crime was committed, can not be exercised, and
under restrictions similar to those shown in the German statute quoted
above (page 19).

To those denying the right of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction
over subjects at all and at any rate, the following remarks are directed:

It is generally held that a state is bound by honor and duty to pro-
tect its subjects abroad. This duty of protection imi)lies, as a compen-
sation thereof, the right of calling for account the protected ones if they
turn offenders. No duty without right, and no right without duty.
Protection on the one side means allegiance on the other side. The
state's criminal jurisdiction over subjects abroad can not be defeated by
any shadow of judicial argument.

3. ON MUTUAL CONSENT OP THE STATES.

(a) t)iplomatic representatives.

[b) Public vessels.

As to this part of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction a wide differ-
ence of opinion exists between certain states.

In general, extraterritoriality is granted to diplomatic representants
(including the secretary of legation) and public vessels.

But some countries, as Qermany^ exempt from the right of extrater-
ritoriality the residence of foreign ministers. (See sentence of tlie Ger-
man supreme court 20, November, 1880, Grim. Decisions 3, 70.)

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 21

On the other hand, some couutrles, a^ Bel^um, often try to secure to
their merchant ships, while in foreign harbor, the right of extraterri-
toriality, generally accorded to public vessels only.

The United States, however, in both alleged cases, take the opposite
ground. They concede extraterritoriality to the residence of foreign
ministers and deny it to foreign merchant vessels in American harbor,
marine belt., etc.

D.— LEGISLATION OP THE ITNITED STATES IN BEHALF OF ** EXTRATER-
RITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION UNDER AUTHORITY OP INTERNA-
TIONAL LAW."

Aa.~PRESIDENT CLEVELAND'S MISTAKE.

The United States made, indeed, a very moderate use of their right
awarded by international law,lo legislate on foreign offenses, especially
on foreign offenses against the <^ safety, order, and peace of the state,"
(Union). But at all means that legislation of the United States is a
sufficient proof of their /it// acknowledgment of the principle itself ^ that
the state is entitled to protect itself against foreign injury, and that, to
a certain degree, international law warrants extraterritorial criminal
jurisdiction.

When President Cleveland in his message to Congress (see chapter
I, page 10 ) asserted

Wbatever the degree to which extraterritorial crimlaal jurisdiction may have been
formerly aUowed by conseut and reciprocal agreement among certain of the European
states, no such doctrine or practice was ever known to the laws of this country, or
of that from which our institutions have been mainly deriv*6(l.

he was greatly mistaken. The Revised Statutes of the United States exhibit
lots of cases of legislation for extraterritorial crimitial jurisdiction, as will
be shown in the next division.

B6.~LEGISLATI0N ON EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION TO BE FO0ND

IN THE REVISED STATUTES OP THE UNITED STATES.

1. — For self-defense and safety of the state.

Sec. 6353. " Every person who, knowingly, transports or delivers
or causes to be delivered nitro-glycerine or powder mixed with oil, on
board any vessel or vehicle whatever, employed in conveying passengers
by land and water between any plaice in a foreign country and any place
of the United States, shall be punished/' etc. Section 5354 fixes the
punishment for the case in which such transportation of explosives had
caused the of death a person. Section 5355 defines the manner in which
transportation of explosives is allowed.

Said section 5353 is a first-class proof of assumption by tlie United States
of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction over foreign offenses against the
safety of the state and its citizens.

The word '< transport" can, indeed, be construed so as to refer to an

22 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

act consummated ia this country, and so can the words <' causes to be
delivered," but *' delivering explosives on board a vessel or vehicle" con-
veying passengers " between s^/oreign country and the United States"
means, without any doubt, an act committed abroad^ an act committed
on foreign shores^ from which the vessel started^ especially when sach
vessel was a foreign merchant ship, bearing the flag of a foreign
country; and *'^ delivering ^'^ explosives on board a vehicle, conveying
passengers between ^'a foreign country and the United States," means •
the staying of such vehicle, at the time of delivering the explosives, on
foreign soil.

An offense against section 5353 thus is punishable when committed
abroad as well as when committed in the United States, irrespective of
the offender being a subject of this or of the foreign country ; section
6353 deals with ** every personJ*^

*' Delivering " explosives, f. L, on board the Alaska at Liverpool, Eng-
land, or at a depot of a Mexican railroad centering at the American
border, is punishable in this country according to section 5353, save the
" privilege of priority of jurisdiction " on the part of Great Britain or
Mexico, should it be claimed by them.

Had it been the intention of the legislator to confine punisbableness
of '* delivering " to an act committed within this country, section 5363
would read as follows :

"* * * conveying * ♦ ♦ between any pUice of tlie United States
and any place of a foreign country," and not " between anyplace of a for-
eign country and any place of the United States."

At any rate section 5353 is to be construed so as to include a foreign
merchant ship, while lying at a foreign dock and preparing to start for
the United States.

(Moreover, see Wharton, Grim. Law, on " Liability of extraterritorial
principal," as indicated on page 15.)

2. — In the interest of mankind,

(a) As to places, — (a) Half civilized^ uncivilized^ and unsettled lands.
Sections 4083-4087 devolve judicial authority on American ministers
and consuls in certain non-Christian countries (China, Japan^ Siam,
Egypt, Madagascar) where American citizens live. '' Such jurisdiction
shall embrace all controversies between citizens of the United States
or others, provided for by such treaties, respectively." (4085.) ** Juris-
diction in both criminal and civil matters." (4086.)

Section 4088 devolves the same power on United States consuls and
commercial agents in countries not inhabited by any civilized poople or
recognized by any treaty with the United States ; they have the right
to try misdemeanors, and in civil cases the power of a justice of the
peace in the United States.

Sections 5570-5578 declare the claim of the United States to any
island, rock, or key on which a citizen of the United States discovered

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 23

a gaaiio deposit, and which was not within the lawful jurisdiction of
any other Government, and not occupied by citizens of any other Gov-
ernment.

(.1) On the high seas. — 5339. Every person who commits murder —
* First, within any fort, arsenal, dock-yard, magazine, etc., under
the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States; •
Second, or upon the high seas, etc., within the maritime jurisdic-
tion of the United States and out of the jurisdiction of any
particular state ;
Third, or who upon any such waters maliciously strikes, stabs,
wounds, poisons, or shoots at any person, of which such per-
son dies, shall' suffer death.

Nearly the whole Chapter III (sections 5339-5391) deals with "crimes
arising within the maritime jurisdiction ; " but section 5344, dealing with
officers or owners of vessels, through whose misconduct, negligence,
etc., life is lost, is not confined to the maritime jurisdiction of the United
States as defined by section 5339 ; though sections 5341, 5342, and 5345
are expressly referred to section 5339; and the same, as with section
5344, is the case with sections 53G3-5367.

(b) Ah to the nature of offenses. (Offenses against international law.) —
Offenses and crimes against international law are embraced by the
criminal statutes of the United States Kevised Statutes, according
to the Constitution of the United States, Art. I, sec. 8, which bestows
on Congress the power to legislate on crimes against international law.
Such legislation (on piracy, etc.) we find in sections 5323-'24 and 5368-76.

(c) As to persons (subjects abroad), — Section 5382 deals with citizens
voluntarily on board a foreign slave-trade vessel. Fine not more than
$2,000, and imprisonment not more than two years.

Section 5331. Every person owing allegiance to the United States,
who levies war against them, or adheres to their enemies, giving them
aid and comfort within the United States or elsewhere^ is guilty of
treason.

** Every person owing allegiance" means those non-citizens, too, who
declared on oath to become citizens, and to have renounced allegiance
to their former sovereign.

Section 5335. Citizens' intercourse with foreign Government to the
intended detriment of the Government of the United States, is punish-
able. ^' Every citizen of the United States, whether actually residing or
abiding within the same or in a foreign country ^^ etc.

(3) On mutual consent.

Section 1750. Every secretary of legation and consular officer is
hereby authorized to administer to or take from an person an oath,
affirmation, affidavit, or deposition. ' If any person shall willfully and
corruptly commit perjury, such offender may be charged, proceeded

24 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

against, tried, and convicted, and dealt with in any district of the United
States, as if such ofi'ense had been conjnlitted in the United States.

This statute, evidently emanating from the extraterritoriality of
legacy, is the strongest proof of the fact that the United States^ in certain
cases J assumed the right of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction. Though
the persoQ of the consular officer be not, like the secretary of legation,
entitled to extraterritorial rights, the seal of the state, held by him,
makes those abusing it by peijury or forgery, indictable extraterri-
torially.

From these quotations it will appear that President Cleveland
gravely mistook in declaring that ^'no such practice or doctrine (that
is to say, extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction) was ever known to the
law J of this country,^

CHAPTER III.

FRENCH AND GERMAN LEGISLATION ON FOREIGNERS' FOREIGN OF-

FENSES AGAINST THE ST A TE.

A.— TEXT OF THE MAIN LAWS.
1— FRENCH LAW.

Section 7 of the French "Code (Vlustructiou Oriminelle" (Code of
Criminal Proceedings) reads as follows :

A foreigner, who in a forei<;ii country shall commit, either as a main culprit or as
an accomplice, a crime against the safety of the state or the crin^ of counterfeiting either
the seal of the state or national money or national certificates or bank notes issued
Under the authority of the law, shall be prosecuted or tried according to the provis-
ioDs of French law, should that person be arrested in or surrendered to France.

2,— GERMAN LAW.

Section 4 of the *^Strafgesetzbuch ftir das Deutsche Reich'' (Penal
Code of the German Empire) reads as follows :

Crimes and offenses committed in a foreign coantry shall, as a rule,
not be prosecuted.

But there may he prosecuted^ ac/cording to the Penal Code of the Ger-
man Empire :

(1) A German or a foreigner who, in a foreign country, committed —

(a) An act of high treason against the German Empire or a

Federal State, or

(b) The crime of counterfeiting, or who

State) committed an act that is to be considered an of-
fense of an officer while on dutv.

(2) A Oerman who, in a foreign country committed an act treach-

erous to the German Empire (or a Federal State) or a slan-
der or libel against a German Federal Sovereign.

(3) A Oerman who, in a foreign country, committed an act punish-

able according to the laws of both Germany and that foreign
place of commission.

26 " EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

B. -SYNOPSIS OF THE FRENCH AND GERMAN LAWS.

FRENCH LAW * GRRMAN LAW

Od extraterritorial criiniDal jurisdiction of foreigners^ foreign acts comprises:

(a) Political ofen9e9.

Crimes, against the safety of the state, \ Acta of high treason,

(6) Counterfeiting,

Counterfeiting the seal of the staie or i Counterfeiting whatever money.
^ench money. I

j OfTenses of an officer while on duty.

C— CRITICISM.
I.-FRENCH AND GERMAN LAWS OX FOREIGNERS' FOREIGN POLITICAL OFFENSES

{a) French law.

France punishes foreign crimes agaimt the safety o/ih€ state (see p. 25).
Those crimes are defined in the '*Code PenaP' (criminal code) section
75 seq,, and divided into* ^crimes against the exterior safety of the
state (sections 75-85), and ** crimes against the interior safety of the
state" (section 86 seg.). We shall deal with them in the next chap-
ter (IV).

(b) German law,

Germany, to the contrary, punishes only foreigners^ foreign a4it^ of
high treason ; that is to say, only crimes against the interior safety of
the state. An "act of high treason" means in German hi.w "Hochver-
rath," while crimes against the exterior safety of the state are termed
in German law "Landeeverrath" (acts treaoherons to the country).
The latter crime, if committed abroad, is punished only if perpetrated
by a German (see p. 26, and sections 4-2 of the German Penal Code). The
reason thereof we shall see later. But though Germany exempts for-
eigners' foreign " treacherous acts to the country" from punishment in
general, she reserves to herself the right to deal in another way with
such foreigners' foreign " acts treacherous to the country," as warrant
the usage of war to take eflect, dispensing with the ordinary law, as
we shall see below.

German law on ''high treason "is defined by sections 80-86, and Ger-
man law on "acts treacherous to the country," by sections 87-93 of
the German Penal Code.

II.-FRENCH AND GERMAN LAW ON FOREIGNERS' FOREIGN COUNTERFEITING.

(a) General distinctions,

France punishes foreigners' foreign counterfeiting —
(a) The seal of the state.
(/?) Lawful French money.

BXTRATEREITOHIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 27

Germany punishes foreigners' foreign counterfeiting whatever money^
uot only German one ; this was expressly declared by the preamble to
the German Penal Code, page 15. • The reason of that declaration is
rather clear ; the citizens of the state might be defrauded with coun-
terfeited foreign money as well as with counterfeited German money.
Germany thus extends her extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction not only
to crimes intended to take effect in German^', but even to such as
might, perhaps, touch Germany in their effect.

(b) Position of the United States tawards those laws.

Counterfeiting the seal of the French state comes, in some way, under
the general provisions against falsifying documents, with intent to de-
fraud the United States (section 3432, Revised Statutes of the United
States). Counterfeiting foreign money was provided for, as well as
counterfeiting domestic money, by penal statutes of the United States.
In either case of counterfeiting, committed within the United States,
our Government can justly claim their privilege of priority of jurisdic-
tion, should an American citizen be held foi" trial in France or Germany
for counterfeiting committed in this country.

Moreover, counterfeiting is provided for by most of the extradition
treaties, and such is the case as to the treaties of the United States
with France and Germany.

In general may be said : As to the extraterritorial criminal jurisdic-
tion assumed by France and Germany over the crime of counterfeiting,
the question of ** privilege of jmority of jurisdiction," if raised by the
United States, probably never will lead to any difficulty, because in
punishing counterfeiting all governments are interested alike.

in.-GEBMAN LAW ON FOREIGNEES' FOREIGN OFFICIAL OFFENSES.

Germany sometimes intrusts foreigners, to wit, native of Germany,
living in distant foreign countries, with official or officious business.

To deny, from principle, the right of extraterritorial criminal juris-
diction in such case would be destructive of all righteousness of inter-
course between nations, while conceding such jurisdiction might intri-
cate the Government of this country in serious difficulties, because of
the difference of opinions as to the foundation of the indictment.

The only way of obviating such collisions is not to accept at all any
official business, any commission from a foreign government, except serv-
ices of charity, warranted by the interest of humanity, as, for instance,
the assumption of officious protection of foreigners being left unpro-
tected after necessary departure of the diplomatic representant of their
country.

It would be of great profit to forbid by law to American citizens the
acceptance of any foreign official or officious business or commission
except of a commission of charity, and that only under consent by our
Secretary of Sfnte,

S* Wis. 4 30

28 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

Coansellors at law, employed by envoyees or consuls of foreign gov-
ernments in this country, are of course exempted from that restrictioo.

D.— OUTLINE OF THE FOLLOWING CHAPTERS.

We shall have to quote now from the French and German penal codes
those statutes on <^ crimes against the safety of the state " mentioned in
CI a and b of this chapter, and appliable (according to section 7 of the
French code of criminal proceedings and according to sections 4, 1 of
the German penal code) to foreigners in foreign country.

We shall review first French and then German law, and we shall, for
the sake of comparison, iquotc German hiws on " acts treacherous to
the country, though they are not ap})liable to foreigners' foreign acts
except when warranting the " usage of war."

We shall review French and German law with speciaKregard to their
effect on American citizens and with special regard to our indispensa-
ble theory of the "privilege of priority on the part of the state whore
the act was committed.'' And, above all, we shall have carefully to in-
vestigate if the right of justified self-defense on the part of the legislat-
ing power were kept within fair limits or not

CHAPTER IV.

FRENCH LJiW ON CRIMES AGAINST THE STATE AND ITS EFFECT ON

AMERICAN CITIZENS.

A.— CRIMES AGAINST THE EXTERIOR SAFETY OF THE STATE.

In the French penal code we read, under the headline of ^' Grimes
against the exterior safety of the state," as follows :

Sec. 75. A Frenchman who shall bear arms aj^ainst France is to be panished with
death.

Sec. 76. Every one who shall ea^ge in.maohiuatioas or intercourse with foreign
powers or their agents for the purpose of eu treating them to commit hostilities or to
undertake war against France, or to furnish them with the means therefor, is to be
punished with death, even if a war did not outbreak.

Sec. 77. The same punishment shall be executed tor intercourse with the enemy for

the purpose of facilitating to him the entry in French territory, or of delivering up

-to him towns, fortresses, plans, harbors, magazines, arsenals, vessels, or of furnishing

him with troops, money, supplies, or of aiding him by undermining the loyalty of the

army of the country.

Sec. 73. If the intercourse wit^ sabjects of an inimical power, though not aiming
such crimes as described in section 77, results in furnishing the enemy with informa-
tions obnoxious to the military or political situation of France or her allies, the pun-
ishmenjD shall be detention, without prejudice to the statutes relating to agreement
for espionage, should such be the case.

Sec. 79. It makes no difference whether the crimes described in sections 76 and 77
be committed against France or her allies.

Sec. 80. A public officer or agent, or every one intrusted with an official negotiation
of secret nature, who shall betray the secret to an agent of a foreign or hostile power,
shall be punished with death.

Sec. 81. A public officer who shall deliver up to the enemy plans of fortresses shall
be punished with death ; if he delivered them up to a neutral power or to an ally, the
punishment shall be detention.

Sec. 82. Every other person^ having secured such plans by corrnption, fraud, or vio-
lence, and delivering them up to a foreign power, shall be punished like an officer.
[But if such person did not obtain said plans by illegal means^the punishment shall
be deportation, If the plans were delivered up to the enemy of the country, and im-
prisonment of two to five years if they were delivered up to a neutral power or to an
ally of France. ]

Sec. 83. Concealing spies is to be punished with death.

Sec. 84. Every one who, by hostile acts, not approved by the government, shall
intricate the state so as to expose it to war, shall be punished with banishment, and
if the war broke out, with deportation.

Sec. 85. Whoever shall expose, by hostile acts not approved by the government,
Frenchmen to retaliation, shall be punished with banishment.

30 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

B.— CRIMES AGAINST THE INTERIOR SAFETY OP THE STATE.

Section 86 seq., deal with cinl war, with illegal use of the military
force, with pillage and devastation within the territory, and provide
as follows:

(a) A crime for the purpose of exciting civil war is to be pnnished

with death. -
{b) A proposal of complottiug for that purpose is to be punished :
(a) With deportation, if an act leading to that purpose were

committed.
(/?) With detention, if no such act were committeil, though

two or more persons had agreed for complotmeut.
{y) With detention of one to five years, if the proposal were
not accepted by any one, that is to say, no complot-
meut were effected.

C— CRITICISM.

We saw in Chapter III, A I, tbat all *' crimes against the safety of the
State" (section 76 seq. of the French penal code) are to be resented
irrespective of the nationality and place of commission of the deed,
for section 7 of the French "code of criminal proceedings" providen
for punishing foreigners' foreign crimes against the safety of the State
'* according to the provisions of French law should that person be ar-
rested in or surrendered to France." (See page 25.)

We shall now investigate this extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction
of France.

Section 75, according to its verbal tenor, is applicable to Frenchmen
only. A foreigner, though not a subject of the inimical power, may
join the army of the latter and enjoy the rights of the same according
to the law of nations and the usage of war.

Sections 76-79 deal with acts committed by non-soldiers, either with
che purpose of exciting war against France or during a French war. In
this case a foreigner, having committed such a crime as defined by sec-
tions 76-79, may be treated according to the " usage of war " without
prejudice to the question of the right of extraterritorial criminal jurisdic-
tion. But as far as the accused one violated said French statutes within
the tetTitory of the United States^ we have to search whether or not he
be altogether punishable according to sections 5281-5283 and 5286 of
the Revised Statutes of the United States, reading as follows :

5281. Every citizen of the United States who, withiD the territory of the Uoit^
States or the jurisdictioQ thereof, accepts or exorcises a commission to serve for a
prince, state, or people in war against a prince, state, or people with whom the United
States are in peace, shall be deemed gnilty of a high misdemeanor and be pnoiahod
with imprisonment not more than three years and a fine not more than two f^onsand
dollars.

5282. Every j)er»o» who, within the territory of the United States or the jnrisdio-
tion thereof, enlists or enters himself, or hires or retains another person to enlist or

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 31

enter himself, or to go beyond the limits of the United States withihe intention to
be enlisted or entered in the service of any forei;;n prince or state or people as a
soldier, etc., shall be gnilty of a high misdemeanor and bo punished with imprison-
ment not more than three years and a fine not more than one thousand dollars.

5283. Every person who, within the United States, fits out and armn, or attempts to
fit out and arm, or procures to be fitted out and armed, or knowingly is coneemed in
the furnishing, fitting out, or arming of any vessel, with intent that such vessel shall
be employed in the service of any foreign prince or state, etc., to cruise or commit
bostilities against the subjects or property of any foreign prince or state, etc., with
whom the Unit^ed States are at peace, or who issues or delivers a commission within
the territory, etc., of the United States for any vessel to the intent that she may so
be employed, shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor and fined not more than
ten thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than three years. And every such
vessel, with her tackle, etc., shall be forfeited, one-half to the use of the informer
and one-half to the use of the United States.

5286. Every person who, within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States,
begins or sets on foot, or provides or prepares the means for, any military expedition
or enterprise, to be carried on from thence against the territory or dominions of any
foreign prince or state, or of colony, district, or people with whom the Unite<l States
are at peace, shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall be fined not
exceeding three thousand dollars.and imprisoned not more than three years.

Thus ati American perpetiator of said crimes described iu sections
76-79 of the French penaL code might altogether violate one or more
of the qaoted sections of the Revised Statutes of the United States.
In this case two possibilities could occur:

(1) The United States had punished the perpretrator for violation of
our laws. In this case the United States would have to protect the
offender, if later arrested in France, against a second trial for the same
oj^eyise, should he be an American citizen.

(2) The United States had, because of their ignorance of the deed,
not punished the offender. In this case the United States can not
claim their ** privilege of priority of jurisdiction," because there is no
provision in the treaty of extradition between France and the United
States for extraditing such offenders, and therefore the United States
are not in position to make use of their " privilege of priority of juris-
diction."

Section 80 deals with public officers and such persons as negotiate

official affairs. We may refer, at this point, to the Grerman statute,

quoted in Chapter III A II, c (punishing foreign offenses of Germans

- and foreigners while in official German duty), and to our commentary

upon it, in Chapter III C III.

Section 81 deals with time of war, to which the " usage of war " is
applicable, as in case of sections 76-79; these sections thus need no
excuse.

Section 82. This section invites us to stop and think for a moment^ for
section 82, part 2, refers to time of war as well as times of peace; it
threatens with detention of two to five years every unofficial person
(iucluding foreigners in foreign countries) who, having obtained, by
means not illegal, plans of fortresses, shall deliver them up to a foreign
power, say to the government of his mother country.

32 EXTRATERRITOEIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

^ Here we have got on the partof France an instance of what we called
above exceedinrf the right of self defense^ a transgression of our rifj^lits of
self-defense.

The following case of fiction may serve for explanation :

Suppose the United States and France were close neighbors again ;
France, for instance, were once more in possession of Canada and wor-
ried this country, so as to make the outbreak of a war in near future
time rather possible. Under those circumstances an American traveler
in Cana<la happens to get, but not by illegal means, plans of French
Canadian fortresses. Our American citizen would not bethink himself
how to act ; he would resolve :

** As I did not get my treasure by corruption, by fraud, theft, or vio-
lence, my conscience remains int^/Ct. I wouldn't keep, for my own use,
a purse I ahould happen to find on the street; but if, next to the purse,
I should discover a sick or starving man lying prostrated, 1 wouldn't
hesitate to give him some little mone^' out of that purse should I be
unable to help him from my own.

" Now, my own country is in danger of war with France. I am bound
to help my country^ and it wants those planSj and so I shall deliver them
up to the government of my country. In doin^ so I am committing only
^w^vXof justified self (Ufense J iov my country is threatened with war.
Nobody can blame me for assisting, by fheans not involving fraud, cor-
ruption, or violence, my imperilled country."

Thus the French law tranngressed the line of justified self defense by
denying toother ones the same right of self defence.

The logical result of our argumentation is this: An act treacherous
to one country, and committed by a foreigner in a foreign country, may
be sometimes on the part of the perpetrator a highly patriotii^ a<^t
towards his own country.

Punishing that, if not connected with a common crime, is utterly cruel
and unnatural.

We declare, therefore, that section 82 of the French penal code, in
denying to other states the right of self-defense claimed by France her-
self, and in punishing foreign fair and justified self-defense, exceeds thv
limits of the right of extraterritorial jurisdiction, granted on the ground
of Helf-defense. Section 82 is a violation of the Law of Nations.

Section 83 dealis with acts committed in time of war; we are thus
not concerned by this statute. As far as "espionage" takes place in
time of peace the place of commission is France, and American juris-
diction oat of question.

Sections 84 and 85 refer to hostile acts committed, in behalf of France,
toward foreign countries, thereby endangering the peace of France.
If an American citizen, say a native of France, should perpetrate such
an act on American soil, the United States could not protect him from
trial in France, should he there be arrested, provided that said " hos-
tile acts'' were not such as defined bv sections 5281-83 and 528Gof the

EXtRATERRiTORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 33

Revised Statutes of tbo Uuiteil States, quoted above (sub-C of tbis
chapter, see pages 30 aud 31) securing to the Government of the CFnited
States the " i)rivilege of i>riority of jurisdiction," under the restrictiops
noted (subsections 7fi-79, see page 30).

Section 86 seq. relating to criuiiBS against the interior safety of the
State, might affect Frenchmen of all parties living in this country. If
such a one, though a naturalised citizen of the United States, should
publish in America articles recommending the restoration, in France,
of monarchical institutions b^' revolutionary means, he would be pun-
ished, if seized in France, with prison of two to five years, even if his
proposal were not accepted by any one. The same result would follow
should, for instance, an American citizen advocate, in an American
newspaper, that the French nation may rise against one of its official
bodies (the Cabinet, or the Chamber of Deputies, or the Senate) andr
put them, by forccj out of office.

FINAL REMARKS.

Though severe French law appears towards foreigners' foreign crimes
against the exterior sa>fety of the State, it proves to be j'elatively mod-
erate as to crimes against the interior safety of the State, for it pun-
ishes only exciting civil war, but does not include political partisan com-
binations as far as not amounting to revolutionary complotment.

German Jaw, to the contrary, as we shall see now in the two follow-
ing chapters, proves to be fair, towards foreigners, as to crimes against
the exterior safety of the State, but unfair and unreasonable as to of-
fenses against the interior safety of the State.

S. Mis. 211 3

CHAPTER V.

GERMAN LAW ON CRIMES AGAINST THE STATE, AND ITS EFFECT ON

A M ERICA N CITIZENS.

INTRODUCTORY.

As we said above, by GermaD law crimes against the exterior safety
of the State are termed '« acts treacherous to the country " (Landesver*
rath)y while crimes against the interior safety are called '^ acts of high
treason " {Hochverrath). It is the latter species only of which Germany
assumes extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction, while she, by sections 4, 2
of the penal code, confines extra territorial jurisdiction of " acts treach-
erous to the country" to Oermans. Germany reserves to herself, of
course, the right to punish such << acts treacherous to the country " com-
mitted by foreigners abroad, as may come under the rules of *^ usage of
war,**' dispensing with the ordinary law.

For the purposeonly of better illustrating the difference between French
and German laws on foreigners' foreign crimes against tbe exterior safety
of the State, we shall quote German law on " treachery to the country ^
(that is to say, crimes against the exterior safety of the State), then we
shall review German law on '* high treason "(crimes against the interior
safety of the State).

A.— TREACHERY TO THE COUNTRY (LANDESVERRATH).

According to sections 87-93 of the German penal code a German shall
be found guHty of " treachery to the country " by —

1. Engaging with a foreign government for the purpose of exciting

them to a war against Germany (section 87). '

2. Bearing arms in the ranks of a war-enemy of Germany (section

88).

3. Kendering whatever assistance to the war-enemy oi Germany or

injuring the German army while in war (section 89).

4. Injuring Germany, \cliile %n war, by —

(a) Helping the enemy to her fortresses, passes, occupied
places, defensive posts, or to the capture of troops, ves-
sels, treasures, armories, ammunitions, or whatever sup-
plies.

(h) Damaging or destroying bridges or railroads to the ad-
vantage of the enemy.

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. . 35

(d) Communicating to the enemy plans of operation, or of
fortresses, or of fixed positions.

(e) Serving to the enemy as a spy, or concealing and helping

spies.
(/) Inciting insurrection among the troops of Germany
or of her allies. (Section 90.)

As to these four degrees of treachery to the country, there vras no
need to legislate on foreigners ; for, if foreigners bear arms in the ranks
of the enemy of Germany (section 88) they belong to the army of said
enemy and are entitled to all rights of the same ; and if foreigners com-
mit in a foreign country a crime as defined in sections 87-90, they could
be treated, if seized in Germany, according to the " usage of war."

We must, therefore, discriminate /^treachery to the country^ while
the latter is in war, or for the purpose of exciting war, from " treachery to
the cbuntry in times of peace,'^ The first species (sections 87-90) is to
be dismissed from our contemplation; the latter species consists, ac-
cording to section 92 of the German penal code, of the following:

5. (a) Publishing or communicating to a foreign government
secrets of the state, or places of fortresses or documents
or news, with the consciousness that their concealment
from another government is necessary in the interest of
the German Empire;

(b) Endangering the rights of the Empire (or of a federal state),
towards a foreign state, by destroying or falsifying or
suppressing documents or means of proof thereof;

(e) ..Managing, while trusted with an official business with
another government, such business to the disadvantage
of Germany.

This section 92 of the German penal code can (with exception of
alinea c.) be applied only to Germans. (See sections 4, 2, of the German
penal code in our chapter III, A, 2, 2, page 25.) Alinea c. wa» excepted
by section 4, 1, c. of the German penal code, as seen in our chapter III,
A, 2, I, c. page 25.

Thus Germany, in excepting from punishment foreigners' foreign
" treacherous acts to the country," committed in times of peace and not
amounting to exciting wslv, fairly took regard to the patriotic sense and
feeling and duty of foreigners towards their own mother country.

This section 92 of the German penal code was several times tested in
the courts. At the end of the year 1886, for instance, a French com-
missioned officer of the name of Letellier, traveling in southern Ger-
many, was found being in possession of plans of German fortresses.
He was arrested and his Ciise laid before the federal supreme court
having jurisdiction of ''treachery to the country." But that court

3G EXTRATKKRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURlSDlCTlO!^.

ordered the prisoner to be released on account of that .sfatate provid-
ing that a foreigner can not be tried for "treachery'' if no evidence be
given that he committed the deed 07i German soil, that is to say, that
he got those plans of fortresses in Germany,

That fair regard to foreigners'patriotisni towards their mother oonntry
French law is lacking.

We are sorry that we are unable to extend our praise of fairness of
German law to the second series of crimes against the stat4? — to the
crimes of "high treason'' (Hochverrath), which we shall deal with in
the next division.

B.—HIGH TREASON (HOCHVERRATH.)

"Acts of high treason," according to sections 80-86 of the German
penal code, means:

(1) Attempt to kill the Emperor (or a^ sovereign of a federal state
while in his state). To be punished with death. (Section 80.)

(2) Attempt —

To take a federal sovereign prisoner and to deliver him up to his
enemy, or to disable him from governing ;

To change, by force, the constitution of the Empire (or of a fed-
eral state), or the succession of crown ; to separate a part from
the federal territory (or from the territory of a federal state),
or to annex it by force to another federal state or a foreign
country —

To be punished with life sentence; if extenuating circumstances
exist, with at least five years' fortress. (Section 81.)

(3) All such "attempts" are to be treated as ^'consummated crimes of
high treason^^' if the accused one did any act by which the purpose was
directly to be executed. (Section 82.)

(4) A conspiracy of several persons, to commit high treason is to be
punished with five to fifteen years penitentiary or fortress, if such an
act, by which the purpose htul directly to be executed, were not yet com-
menced with, (Section 83.)

(5) The same punishment is to be applied to him, who, for the purppse
of preparing high treason, is connected with the government of another
state, or misuses the power of office trusted to hiyn, or recruits or drills
troops. (Section 84.)

(6) He who publicly before a crowd or an assemblage, or by circulating
(or publicly affixing or showing) printed matter or such alike, shall call
upon to commit high treason, shall be punished with penitentiary or
fortress not less than ten years ; if extenuating circumstances exist,
with fortress from one to five years. (Section 85.)

(7) All other acts preparatory to high treason are to be punished with
penitentiary from one to five years; if extenuating circumstances exist,
with fortress from six months to three years. (Section 87.)

EXTRAtHiRRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 37

C— EP'FECT OF THE "HIGH TREASON" LAW ON AMERICAN CITIZENS.

(1) Althongli the crimes, embraced by sections 80-86 of tbe German
penal code, may b2 divided iuto'crimes of "consummated high treason,"
(sections 80-82) and crimes of *' prepared high treason," sections 4, 1, of
the German penal code, providing for foreigners' foreign ** acts of high
treasoli" is appliable to ** preparatory " as w^ll as to *' consummated "
acts of high treason. (See Daude (State attorney of Berlin), edition of
the German penal code, note to section 4, 1, page 13.)

(2) History shows that criminal statutes on acts ^^ preparatory ^ to
high treason nearly always meant foul play, and were merely a trap for
the purpose of catching propagandists of free thought. And such is the
case with sections 85 and 86, quoted above. Let, for instance, a speaker
or a writer in Germany say :

"An educated people should give preference to the republican form of
Government above a monarchical one. Monarchical system is incom- '
patible with the personal dignity of citizens, the liigh standing of which
in literature and art entitles them to the claim of full liberty of political
thought. Our aim should be, therefore, to supplant Germany with
republican ideas."

This sentence, though dealing with " ideas" only, might very easily
be brought under section 85. The attorney for the state may say :

" You want the people to get interested in the question of republic,
that they strive for changing the monarchical form of government into
a republican one. You disclaimed, indeed, the use of force, inasmuch
as you advocated ^supplanting ideas' only. But how can you reach
that aim, without recurring to the use of violence ? Our monarch is
sovereign * by the grace of God ; ' nor did he nor his presumptive suc-
cessors ever declare their will to resign, should it be demanded by the
people. There is, thus, no possibility at all to overthrow the present
monarchical government in a peaceable way. Your urging on thepeo>
pie to work for the propagation of republican ideas implicitly advocates
the use of force for the purpose of erecting a republican government.
For there has not been yet in history one single instance of a republic
being erected with the good will of the former monarchical sovereign.
Thus you committed tlie crime of preparing high treason."

(3) Should this argumentation not seem to be satisfactory enough,
the state might support its cause and enforce the conviction of the ac-
cused one by section SQ ; that clause reads quite innocently, inasmuch
as reducing punishment of such crimes to six months, if extenuating
circumstances exist. But in reality that section, 86, comprising '^ all
other acts preparatory to high treason," is the meanest trick political
partisan legislation ever has indulged in against the people.

What ^^ other preparatory " acts can be imagined besides those defined
by section 85, consisting of oral, or written, or printed word, or picture,
etcf

38 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

Slate Attorney Daude, in coinineiiting upoir section 83 (see edition
of the German penal code, by Daude), qaoteH, for explanation of that
clause, the following decision of the German Supreme Coart of October,
1881, vol.5, p. 60:

The conception of an " act preparatory to high treason '' is not excluded on account
of the act lacking the purpo^ of making the '^ preparation '' perfect and aiming only
the contrivance of a further preparatory act.

Thus section 86 means, if we understand it right, preparatory to fur-
ther preparation of endless preparation of final preparation. That is ex-
actly the sense of section 8G, as .explained by the German Supreme
Court.

That law is a trick for catching offensive political partisans, against
which not evidence enough can bo found to convict them on the ground
of section 85.

(4) We might be, of course, quite indiflTerent to that section 86, were we
not affected by it in consequence of section 4, 1, of the German penal code,
providing for Germany extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction of foreign-
ers' foreign offenses of high treason. We shall have, therefore, to
state our American position towards that law.

In this regard we unhesitatingly say :

Qerraany is at liberty to extend punishment of *' acts preparatory to
high treason " to the limits of laughing, sneezing, etc., but only toithrn
her territory ; she has no right to deprive us of our privilege granted
by constitution and institutions of this country. The question is not
here of organizing in this country rebellion to take effect in Germany.
TJie question is merely of our right, as republica7i citizens, to propagate re-
publican ideas and to support them. Our republic is essentially interested
in supporting republican feeling abroad, and, indeed, in behalf ofit^own
safety, because a monarchical government is too often inclined to de-
clare war for the sake of conquests.

If naturalized German-Americans send some money to Germany for
the support of the election of republican congressmen (to the Eeichs-
tag), this may be, according to the famous section 86 of the German
penal code, " a preparation to preparation" to high treason ; but we do
so in behalf of our self-defense, which is just as legitimate as the self-de-
fense of German monarchy. Germany has no right to interfere with
our republican propaganda ; the safety of our state depends on the
strength of anti-monarchical feeling and ideas all over the worhl.

Sections 85 and 86, in connection with section 4, 1, involve a serious
transgression of our right of self-defense ; for they intend to prevent us
from propagating such ideas as upon which our republic is founded and
the safety of our state is dependent.

CHAPTER VI.

THE GERMAN DYNAMITE LAW AND ITS CONNECTION WITH EXTRA-
TERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION,

A.— INTRODUCTORY.

We dealt heretofore with *' extraterritorial criminal jurisdictiou
under authority of international law,^ and discovered two cases, one in
French law (on crimes against the exterior safety of the state), and one
in German law (on crimes against the interior safety of the state), in
which foreign legislation on " extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction/'
transgresses the limits defined by international law, the limits of justified
self-defense.

We shall come now to a third case of extraterritorial criminal juris-
diction, lying beyond the limits of international law at all. '

Sinceemanation of her organic crimiualstatute-book (in 187 L), Germany
has indulged in continuous jrpeaanegislatiou on different matters brought
under criminal aspect. By such action, so contrary to German method
of scientific systematizing, German criminal legislation, past 1871, lost
its rational coherence and systematic connection. That is the curse of
all inorganic legislation. By emanation of '^ special laws " the legis-
lator loses the general view so necessary for that work. Rational legis-
lation requires a main statute-book on a broad foundation, so that all
further necessary legislation ea^sily could be adapted to, if not inserted
in, the statutes of the main book. Piecework-legislation must unavoid-
ably lead to so strange a state of things, we find in this country, where
Congress and legislatures pass inorganic laws by the dozens every
year.

So Germany, b^*^ an inorganic special law of June 9, 1884, lost sight of
her principles of "extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction,'' embodied in her
organic statute-book.

That law bears the title of " Law on Criminal and Dangerous Use of
Explosives,'' and is commonly termed the *' Dynamite Law ^^ of June 9,
1884. Its clause 12 provides that the clauses 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 bo ex-
tended to '^ Oennans and foreigners in foreign countries,'^^ according to
section 4, 1 'of the German penal code, discussed abov^e, Cliapter III,
A 2, page 25 and seq. ; that is to say, that Germau}"^ assumes extror

40 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

territorial jurisdiction of offenses, even if committed by foreigners in
foreign countries, against those statntes. They read as follows :

B.— TEXT OF THE GERMAN DYNAMITE LAW OF JUNE 9, 1884.

Sec. 5. Wbo, by use of explosives, shall purposely endanger property or health or
life of another one, is to l>e punished with penitentiary.

If by saoh act a serious bodily injury were caused, the punishment shall be not less
than five years, and if the death of a person wem caused, not less than ten years; if
the caused death were to be imagined by the perpetrator, the latter is to be punished
with death.

Skc. 6. If several persons bespoke for the perpetration of an act, as described in
section 5, or if they allied for the continued perpetration of such an act, ihou^^h not
yet defined in its paritculara, they'shaU be i>uuished with not less than five years pen-
itentiary, even if the resolution of perpetrating the crime were not confirmed htf aeU
embracing the commencement of the perpetration.

Sec. 7. Who, with the intention of endangering property, health, or life of another
one, or with intention of enabling other ones to commit that crtm'?, shall manufact-
ure, secure, order, or keep in possession explosives, is to bo punished with peniten-
tiary from one to ten years. The same punishment shall take place, if one, who is
legally authorized to manufacture or to keep in possession explosives, shall deliver
them upto'others, while knowing that such explosives are destined to the iierpetra-
tion of such crimes as described in section 5.

Sec. 8. Who, under circumstances not proving an allowed purpose, shall manufact-
ure, secure, order, knowinglykeep in possession or deliver up to other persons explo-
sives, is to be punished with prison not less than one year. From this provision cer-
tain shooting materials, as defined by a special act of the federal council (Bundes-
rath), shall be exempted.

Sec. 10. Who publicly, before a crowd, or by circulating (or >affixing or publicly
displaying) writings (or other representations), or in writing (or by means of other
representations), shall urge to commit such punishable acts as described -in sections
5 and 6, or to participate in them, shall be punished with penitentiary; the same
punishment shall take place if one, by celebrating or glorifyimj such acts, shall urge or
incite to commit them^ /

Sec. 12. The provisions of section 4, i, of the German penal code, are to be applied
to the crimes described in sections 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 of this law, too.

C.—CRITIOISMS.
I. -GENERAL VIEW OF A GRAVE AMERICAN ERROR AT LAW.

Jfobody would probably have an objection to a '* dynamite-law " per
86, for it is onl3^ an extension of tbe law on murder and attempted mur-
der. Butjiisi on account of its capacity of a regular law on murd^' " ex-
traterritorial jurisdiction " of foreigners^ foreign oMs is out of place.
There is no reason at all why Germany should be permitted to iissuaie
extraterritorial jurisdiction of a certain kind of murder and attempted
murder while murder (and its attempt) is exempted from extraterri-
torial jurisdiction on the ground, indeed, that all civilized nations pun-
ish that crime.

If such a course as Germany took by section 12 of her dynamite*
law be allowed, there would be no limit to extraterritorial criminal
jurisdiction. The only limit to be recognized is " self-defense." If an

EXTRATERRlTOKIAIi CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 41

American citizen threatens witbin the United States a subject of Ger-
many, residing on the other side, with dynamite, the right of " self-
defense " were established should the Government of the United States
not be in position to claim their ** privilege of priority of jurisdiction.'^
Mr. Frelinghuysen, late Secretary of State, indeed, in a dispatch of No-
vember 24, 1884, to Mr. Lowell, then United States embassador to Lon-
don, made the following remarks on <' lawless combinations which may
secretly com plot assassination, etc." (quoted in "Digest of International
Law of the United States) :"

This Governiueut can only proceed against offenders or snspected offenders, in ac-
cordauco with law, and it is at least doubtful whether any law is now in existence in
this country by which the publisher of the p«ipcr noY^ in question can be called to
account. I am not aware that such a law exists in any country. It is but recently
that any law for punishment of incitement to the commission of murder in foreign coun-
tries was placed on the British statute-boo]v8. The iircsent laws of the United States
only aim to meet the ca^es of actual overt acts of hostility against a friendly nation,
when said acta were committed within the territory of the United States. So far as
I remember, this is the full extent to which other nations have gone in this direction.

I should think Mr. Frelinghuysen was in grave misapprehension of
the case. There is.no need for special legislation on " incitement to com-
mit murder abroad." Every State and Territory of the United States
has a law (either common or statutory) on murder and the accessoryship
before the fact (including "incitement"). This law is a sufficient sup-
ply of all judicial and judicious means to meet all cases mentioned in
Mr. Frelinghuysen's dispatch.

I imagine the following objection :

** As murder abroad is not subjected to the jurisdiction of the courts
of this country, we have the less jurisdiction over an accessory before
the fact."

But this objection is a cunning sophism only, for both "accessoryship
before the fact" and the consummated crime itself are separate crimes,
each of theni standing for itself When I incite here to commit murder
abroad I am committing that crime of incitetnent within this country.
We punish, of course, murder only when committed within this coun-
try, but on no other ground than in order not to interfere with the
right of other states to puuish murder committed on their soil. But
this reasonable judicial practice is not connected with a charter of
free " incitement to murder abroad."

If our law on accessory to murder should legally be interpreted so
as to refer only to murder committed within the United States, such
law or such interpretation would be a violence to international laWj be-
because granting immunity to murder incited here against foreigners in
foreign countries.

The fact that we do not punish murder committed abroad can not be
a reason to let free "incitement to murder abroad," but, to the contrary^
a ground for punishment of such accessory, in order to prevent the
plotted murder from being committed abroad.

42 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

We saw above (Chapter II, D. B., page 21), from section 5353, tliat
the United States even recognized in a certain case the liability of extra-
territorial principal ; for the same reason they can not deny the liability
of intraterritorial accessory before extraterritorial fa^t.

'* Incitement to murder abroad " is an intraterritorial accessory before
an extraterritorial crime, and this accessory, is to be prosecuted in this
country as an independent principal to the crime of *' incitement to mur-
derj^

Mr. Freliughuysen says : *' I am not aware ihat such a law (on pun-
ishment of incitement to commit crimes abroad) exists in any country.
That is right; but all countries consider it as a matter of course that
"incitement to crimes" refers to Gnxn^atall^ irrespective of the country
where it is to be committed. In this sense the supreme court of the
German Empire, too, declared in their decision of June 24, 1884, that
an intraterritorial accessory before an extraterritorial crime is to be
held an intraterritorial principal.

After this digression I wish to say :

Should my theory, in o])po8ition to Mr. Frelinghuysen's, that the
United States (or the States of the Union) have the right to punish ** in-
citement to murder abroad" not be sustained by the authorities of this
country, then Qermany^s right to assume jurisdiction over an American
incitement to dyuamite-attentut against Germany would he indisputa-
ble on account of the right of self-defense, warranting assumption of
extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction.

2.-TllANSGRESvSI0:^ ON THE PART OF GERMANY OF OUR RIGHTS.

We refuted, in the foregoing division, Germany's right of assuming
extraterritorial jurisdiction over American 'incitement to murder
abroad," should Mr. Frelinghuysen's theory be disavowed by the authori-
ties of to-day ; but in the ca«e tbo authorities uphold Mr, Frelinghuysen's
theory, we conceded, indeed, Germany's right of assuming jurisdiction
over American dynanjite CAseti, provided such attempts or incitements
were directed against Oermany or her subjects residing there; such
right arising by necessity of "self-defense." But Germany, as the text
of the German dynamite law shows, was not satisfied with piV)vi8ions
for punishment of foreign dynamite offenses against Oermany ; she
rather extended her extraterritorial jurisdiction over aiZ dynamite crimes,
committed abroad, without regard to their geographical direction. And
that is a serious transgression of the limits of self-defense. If American
citizens cons])ire for a dynamite attentat, wot intended to take effect in
Germany^ Germany should not be allowed to assume extraterritorial
jurisdiction over them. Germany, otherwise, could a« well pass a law
by which she assumes jurisdiction over all unpunished Amercau lynch-
ing parties, should they be caught in Germany.

For, as to the degree of lawlessness and moral or immoi*al qualities,
political dynamiters and lynching parties counterbOflance to ea>ch other;

EXTRATERRITOBIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION. 43

both of them pretend, to be in the necessity of revenging wronged
rights, and to restore, of their own, jastice, because of the deficiency or
malicious refusal on the part of the legal authorities to comply with
their legal duties.

Germany'^ assumption of jurisdiction of foreigners' foreign offenses
against her dynamite law leads us, moreover, to the consideration of a
most grave circumstance. German dynamite law punishes not qnly for-
eigners' foreign acts accessory before the fact, but even acts accessory
after the fact, to wit, << celebrating or glorifying such aots.^ (See section
10, page 40.)

Remember the dynamite attentat against the late Bussian Emperor
Alexander III. Hundreds of American newspapers commented then
on that tragedy about as follows :

^< It is terrible, indeed, to use dynamite in such a way. But who
might take it amiss to the Bussian people, if they can not endure any
longer the brutal and murderous autocracy of the Bomanoffs, who deny
to the people a constitution^ and hang or deport to Siberia, year by
year, thousands over thousands of the best and most patriotic men and
women for defencHng the demand of a constitution t What could the
Bussian people do otherwise, to obtain a right denied to them by
violence and cruelty, than in resorting to the same means the Bussian
autocrat has been always using F

I say, if in case of recurrence of a dynamite attentat in Bussia, an
American paper should offer an excuse in such manner for the course of
the Bussian people, (Germany would take jurisdiction over the editor
of such paper, were he within the German boundaries.

And yet nobody is considered, in this country, a criminal who ex-
cuses in similar way for lynching at the Mexican border of Texas. Of those
excusing such lynching not one of one thousand probably would lend
himself a hand to lynching purpose. * This shows that we may excuse
in a certain way an attentat, without being dynamiters at all. And
the difference between ^' excusing," and ^< celebrating," or *^ glorifying,"
amounts to so little as to make it very easy to comment upon an excuse
as " glorifying," or " celebrating."

And thiuky further, of the Irish- Americans in this country, when they
get an opportunity, to comment on Ireland's struggle against England.

I don't denounce a dynamite law itself as unreasonable, but merely
its extension to such unjustifiable limits, as is the case with the German
dynamite law, and I denounce the transgression on the part of Germany
of the limits of justified self-defense.

No declaration of a foreign power, to assume extraterritorial criminal
jurisdiction, can deprive us of our right of criticising the struggles of foreign
peoples for their liberty and of sympathizing with them.

The decision, whether or not our excuse for a foreign dynamite case,
that was not incited nor fostered by us, reaches the climax of an act '< ac-
cessory after the fact," must be left mth the authorities of this countr^y m
0. Mi: 4—40

44 EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

^ well as the decision, whether or not snchact be "accessory before the
feet."

In this coantry, criticising a fikct is not held an *' accessory act" to
the fact, thongh, snch criticism makes a defense for said fact submitted
to criminal j arisdiction.

I can not refrain from citipg a newspaper notice I met in these very
days, on Bassian dynamite. A cable dispatch of one of our newspaper
syndicates from February 16, 1889, printed in the issues of Sunday,
February 17, 1889, dated ^HdoTi, and to be found in the St. Louis Be-
public of that day, on the tenth page, columns 3 and 4, deals with the
Bussian Emperor's son as follows :

It appears, that the czarewitz, who, d^wiimie j^vrmKUing^ is one day to be the Eiq-
peror of Rassia, has, etc.

Even this cable dispatch may bring the editors of these papers who
printed it under the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Germany.

We shall have, therefore, to strictly refute any right assumed by
Crermany to exercise such extravagant extraterritorial jurisdiction;
we deny it even in the case such criticism of a dynamite case relates to
Germany. For our right of criticism can not be infringed upon by any
foreign law.

Another danger we are threatened with I find in section 6 of the Ger-
man dynamite law:

If several peraons bespoke for the perpetration, etc., of snch an act, though not yei
defined in iU particularSj they shaU be pnntshed, etc., even if the resolution of perpe-
trating the crime were not confirmed by acts embracing the commencement of the perpetra-
tion.

That means a conviction of innocent persons^ against which no evidence
can be brought to lightj except the oath of a witness^ who claims to have
overheard the accused ones conspiring for perpetrationy etc.

According to this section 6 no evidence of a fact is necessarily to be
produced, only a witnesses oath.

Take for instance the following case :

I return, on a visit trip, to Germany. There I meet two Germans,
whom I knew in St. Louis, but who were bitterly opposed to me on ac-
count of political or private or business reasons.

They denounce me and swear :

<< We met this man every noon at the table of Tony Faust in St. Louis;
at the 1st January we overheard him at such opportunity bespeaking
with other ones, we shall be able to identify, the plan of perpetration
of a dynamite crime."

I would have to answer, that I remember very well to have often met
those two witnesses at the table of Tony Faust in St. Louis ; that I was
there at the 1st January, too, with two gentlemen, and that we had a
pleasant dinner-talk, perhaps we chatted about some dynamite affair in
an innocent way ; but we did not plan any perpetration, etc.

I^ow^ what can I do, if those two witnesses swear t

EXTRATERRITORIAL CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

I am not able to produce those two gentlemen, with whom I chatted
at the iBt January; they were trsidesmen; one has gone to Mexico — I
don't know where there — and the other one had disappeared to Oanada.

With the aid. of two Pinkerton detectives, to be appointed for that
purpose here by the German secret police, every offensive (German-
American returning to the mother country can be indicted od the
ground of section 6 of the dynamite law. There are people, and espe-
cially Pinkertonians, that swear to anything desired of them.

I should think the United States toauld do better not to wait for the actual
appearance of such a casCj but to prevent its eventuaiity.

51st Congress, \ SENATE. • § Bfis. Doo.

1st Session, f \ No. 212.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 14, 1890.— Preaented by Mr. Carlisle and ordered to be printed.

LiSTTBR OF THB COMNiaaiONER OF LABOR TRANSMZTTINa A
STATBMBITT SBO'WlNa THB DIRBCT COST OF LABOR IN THB

makufacturb of onb ton of stbbl rails in thb unitbd
states, ore at britain, and on thb. continent of burope.

Department of Labor,
Washington^ D. 0., August 13, 1890.

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
Augnst 8, in which you ask for a statement showing the direct cost of
labor in the mannfacture of 1 ton of steel rails in Great Britain and
on the Continent of Europe, such statement to be prepared in the same
way as that sent to Senator Edmunds on the 6th instant, relating to
the cost of steel rails in the iiorthern district of the United States.
In reply I send you herewith three statements:

First, an analysis of costs in 1 ton of standard steel rails made in
the United States. This analysis is based mainly on establishment No.
1, reported on page 35, House Miscellaneous Document No. 222 of the
present session, and is substantially a copy of the statement sent to
Senatdr Edmunds on the 6th instant. I have repeated it here because
it was hurriedly made for Senator Edmunds, and the proper credit for
the value of scrap produced in the ingot ana rail departments was not
made. The cost given in the statement of the 6th instant related to
total gross cost of 1 ton of 2240 pounds of steel rails in the northern
district of the Uuiteil States. This statement shows the total net cost
of such a ton of steel rails. It varies but 11 cents from the total cost
given as for establishment No. 1. page 35 of the document referred to.

As stated, this statement is bas^ mainly on establishment No. 1.
It is not wholly so, because of the impossibility of tracing from the
schedules relating to establishment No. 1 the labor cost of all the ma-
terials entering into the manufacture of 1 ton of standard steel rails;
so labor cost has been taken from several establishments making steel
ingots. Using an average as derived from these several establishments
makes a variation of but 11 cents in the result. This fact clearly estab-
lishes the soundm^ss of the analysis of cost as based on establishment
No. 1, and as reported on page 35 of the document referred to. The
credit for the value of scrap produced raises the j)er cent, of cost of
direct labor in the production of 1 ton of standard steel rails from 45
per cent, as stated in the letter from this Department of the 6th to
Senator Edmunds, to 47 per cent., as shown in the last item in the
statement herewith sent.

Second, a statement showing the analysis of costs in one ton of
standard steel rails made in Great Britain. The calculation in this
statement is based on establishment No. 11, page 35, House Miscel-
laneous Document, No. 222. In this case we started with the cost of
steel rails as given in the establishment just referred to, and wece^^V^
to trace the costs back through the preceding pvQeft»»fii& o1 \iividKl\\i^>^^

2 COST OP MANUPACTUEING STEEL BAIM.

blooms, ingots, pig-iron, coke, coaJ, and limeBtone, because all ttiese
elements were made under the direction of the same company that
made the rails, and we had schedules covering all these costs. As to
the iron ore. we did not have the exact mine from which it was taken,
but we did nave a representative mine in the same district from which
it was taken, and we also had the cost for transportation given, so that
the element of possible error in calculating costs is of necessity very
slight.

As to ^< profit to producers," shown in the item relating to iron ore,
a part of this is accounted for by the royalty or rent paid to the owners
of the soil, which amounted to about 00 cents for the amount of ore
shown in the statement. The remainder was made up by deducting the
costs as calculated from the ore schedule fit^m the cost delivered at the
furnace, as charged in the pig-iron schedule. You will notice that the
total net cost of 1 ton of steel rails, as stated in this analysis, is
$18,614, while the cost as shown in establishment No. 11, page 35 of
the report referred to, is $18,588, or a difference of only 2.6 cents.

The labor at the establishment for which this analysis is made is
paid less, I am informed, than at most other steel-rail establish-
ments in Great Britain, but we were obliged to take this establishment,
as it was the only one having a schedule for standard rails and for the
previous processes, and furthermore, it is a representative establish-
ment, whose production largely governs the price of standard steel
rails. The other statement (No. 10) for Oreat Britain, on the same
page, is for light rails, and the processes are not comparable fully with
those for making standard rails.

Third, a statement of analysis of costs in 1 ton of standard steel
rails made on the Continent of Europe, this statement being based
mainly on establishment No. 3, page 35, House Mis, Doc. No. 222^ The
•rails covered by this statement are standard steel rails, like those
in the first and second statements just, described. In making this
analysis for the Continent of Europe we were enabled to follow the proc-
esses back, as in the case of the English establishment, until we came
to the pig-iron, when, owing to the incompleteness of the pig-iron
schedule for establishment No. 3, we found it necessary to use another
schedule for the cost of converting materials into pig>iron.'

For the costs of materials themselves, except limestone and iron ore,
we had data from establishment No. 3, and we used the schedules of
that establishment. For the limestone we had the cost as reported at
the pig-iron furnace, but had no schedules for the Continent of Europe
showing the amount of labor, etc, in 1 ton ; so we used the cost as
reported at the furnace, and subdivided that cost into its elements in
the same ratio as that indicated in the limestone schedules- fpr the
northern district of the United States. The iron ore used was the
same kind as that used in the English case just given; so we used the
same schedule from which to ascertain the cost of it.

In other respects the same plan was pursued as in the English case,
except that it was found that the cost of pig-iron, as charged in the ingot
mill, amounted to $1.46 more than as figured from the materials; so
we were obliged to charge that amount to the profits going to the pig-
iron produceil. The net cost of standsurd rails per ton, as given in the
schedule for establishment No. 3, with which we started for this analy-
sis, is $19,576, while as shown by this careful calculation it amounts to
$19,635, an excess of 5.9 centsonly by the ase of other factors to supply
those missing in the schedules of establishment No. 3.

J desire to say, in forwarding you these statements, that I have made

COST OP MANUFACTURING STEEL RAILS. 3

, 4

'iiiem.up for three localities, instead of for two as reqaested, becauae of
the lesolatfoti introdaced yesterday by Senator Edmonds and now pend-
ing. Should that resoiation be adopted I coald not at present more
fully answer it than I.have done in this letter. The faets called for by
yon and by Senator Edmands in the letters of the 6th and 8th insts.,
on account of the difficnities which I have intimated herts, could not
. have been incorporated in the preliminary report, House Mis. Doc. No.
222. In the completed reports I am in hopes not only to give more
elaborate analyses on the basis of these sent herewith, bnt for certain
typical establishments, those that largely regulate prices, I anticipate
being able to trace back through all the processes of manufacture the
various labor elements entering into the production. The difficulty of
doing this is at once discernible on a very casual examination of the
facts.

You will pardon me if I call your attention to one. analytical feature
which should be observed in the use of the analyses herewith forwarded.
Labor cost in one ton of steel rails — I mean after all the materials have
been assembled in the steel-rail works and are ready to be subjected to
the proper manipulations for the production of standard steel rails —
should be less per ton relatively in this country than in Great Britain
or on the continent, because American producers of standard steel rails
dispense with at least one expensive process still adhered to by the
foreign producer; and, furthermore, our materials, ore, etc., are purer
than those used in most other places, so the quantity of x>re, for in-
stance, required for the production of a ton of standard steel rails is
less in this country than in other places, and of course the labor re-
quired to produce one ton of steel rails is, so far as the purer materials
are concerned, less here than abroad.

By reference to the statements herewith submitted it will be seen
that in establishment No. 1, for the northern district of the United
States, 4,137 pounds of iron ore were necessary for the production of
one ton of standard rails, while in establishment No. 11, for Great
Britain, 5,127 pounds, or nearly 1,000 pounds more, of iron ore were
necessary for the production of one ton of the same kind of rails than
in the United States, while on the continent of Europe, in establish-
ment No. 11, 5,701 pounds, or nearly 1,600 pounds more of iron ore were
necessary for the production of one ton of standard steel rails. Very
many of those things which appear to be incredible when studying the
total figures given disappear on a close examination of the analysis,
^nd reasons for the figures can, as a rule, be found in the analysis if
properly studied.

The establishments selected for the statements herewith forwarded
are thoroughly representative, and are far more indicative of the true
conditions surrounding the production of standard steel rails than any
of the others given in the preliminary report referred to.

Of course, as remarked in a letter from this Department to Senator
^ Edmunds, the cost of making rails, over and above what is in the
previous statements denominated '^ direct labor cost,'' is largely resolv-
able into labor ; that is, a very large percentage of the items above
direct labor are labor in some form, but it is difficult to separate the
elements, as in transportation, for instance.

Trusting that the statements herewith handed you fully answer your
communication of the 8th,

I am, very respectfully,

Carroll D. Wright,

Hon. J. G. Carlisle, Commissioner.

United States Senate.

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S. Mis. 212 2

;»*•.«- • .i'

51ST Congress, I SENATE. ( Mis. Docj.

1st Session

ISS, I SENATE. ( Mis. DOfJ

.J ) No. 213,

•-T--

ANNUAL IIEPOIIT

OF TlIK

LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS,

EXHIBITING

THE PROGRESS OF THE LIBRARY

DURING THK

CALENDAR YEAR 1889.

»»-»-

WASHINGTON :

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

1890.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THS

libraria:^ of congress.

LiBBABT OF OoNGBESSy

Washington^ June 20, 1890.

The andersigoed presents herewith his animal statement of the prog-
ress of the library and the copyright business for the calendar year
1889, closing on the 31st of December last

Increasing dilBcalty has attended the annnal enumeration of the
books in the Library, growing out of its still more overcrowded condi-
tion, scattered as are large portions of its stores in remote apartments
in various parts of the Oapitol. The count exhibits an aggregate of
633,717 volumes, besides about 206,000 pamphlets. The law department
(included in the above aggregate) embraces 81,228 volumes. The in-
crease of the year 1889 has been 17,936 volumes, derived from the fol-
lowing-named sources:

From purchase 3,246

From copyriji^ht 10,560

From deposit by the Smithsonimn Institation 1,720

From additions to the Toner collection 178

From donations 1,231

From exchanges 981

Total 17,936

The copyright department exhibits an increased number, both of en-
tries and of deposits of publications, over the year preceding (1888).
There were entered from January to December, 1889, inclusive, an ag-
gregate of 40,985 copyright titles, as against a total of 38,225 entries in
1888. The amount of fees received for copyright records was $33,085.38,
being an increase of $1,981.63 over the preceding year«

8. Mis. 4 41 *^

4 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS.

The different classes of publications entered for copyright are enumer-
ated in the following table:

Number of artidm enUred in 1889.

Books 1 15,380

Periodicmls 7,646

MuBical compositions 8,958

Draifiatio compositions G20

Photographs - 2,242

Engravings and chromes : 2,138

Prints andcnts 742

Designs 938

Drj^wings 85

Paintings 267

Maps aud charts 1,969

Total : : 40,985

The aggregate number of publications deposited in the copyright
office, under each head, is exhibited in the following:

y umber of copyright ariidM received in 1689.

Books (including all printed matter so designated) 21, 160

Periodicals 13,260

Musical compositions 15,694

Dramatic compositions 349

Photographs 5,060

Engravings and chromes 4,240

Prints and cuts 502

Designs and drawings 398

Paintings .* 121

Maps and charts 2,298

Total ^ - 63,0e'i

As law requires two copies of each publication entered for copy-
right to be deposited, the net additions to the collections during the
year from this source were approximately 31,541, of which 10,580 were
books and 6,630 i>eriodicals. The deficiency of deposits (as explained
in former reports) does not arise wholly f^om negligence on the part of
authors and publishers, although this is the chief source of the dis-
crepancy shown between the number of entries and that of deposits.
Of dramatic compositions comparatively few copies are deposited, the
3tage representation constituting the only publication of many plays,
while others remain permanently in manuscript. There are also many
entries of copyright which are not followed up by publication, or which
are ])ublished under another title, causing duplications of entiies.

There remained to the credit of the library funds January- 1, 1800,
the following balances unexpended:

Fund for increase of the library |7,640.51

Fund for contingent expenses of library 965.80

Fund for printing and binding 8,541.90

Fund for printing unpublished historical documents relating to early French
discoveries in America ..' 1,953.44

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS. 5

THE TONER LIBRARY.

The collection of books, pamphlets and manuscripts, donated to the
Oovomment by Dr. J. M. Toner, of Washington, has been farther in-
creased by the addition of one hundred and seventy-eight books during
the year. The same gentleman has entered upon an extensive collec-
tion of all letters and papers from the hand of George Washington, ex-
cerpting from books and periodicals such as have appeared in print, and
adding verbatim copies of all unpublished manuscript letters of Wash-
ington, wherever found. This valuable and interesting collection will
form a part of the Toner library here deposited.

The undersigned again records the need of increased clerical help in
all departments of the library service. It is with regret that the Li-
brarian has found it necessary to employ more and more of the assistants
who should be occupied with catalogue work, upon the exacting and
rapidly growing labors of the copyright department, to avoid falling
into serious arrears. An additional number of assistants should be
provided, to promote the efficiency of the library service as well as that
of the copyright department.

The new library building has made gratifying progress during the
year, and promises to advance still more rapidly in the work of con-
struction the present season. There is every reason for the Velief that
this long-deferred public necessity has at last been provided for with a
liberality €uid energy worthy of the great end in view.

AiNSWORTH B. Spofford,
Librarian of Congress,
Hon. W. M. EvARTS,

Chairman of the Joint Committeeon the Library.

61ST Congress, ) SBSTATB, { Mis. Doc.

1st Session. ) \ No. 214.

IN THB SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

AUOU8T 16, 1890.— Ordered tq be printed.

Mr. Quay gave notice that on Monday next he won Id snbmit the fol-
lowing

ORDERS:

1. Ordered^ That during the present session of Congress the Senate
will Dot take up for consideration any legislative business other than
tbe pendiug bill (H. B. 9416); conference reports; general appropria-
tion bills ; pension bills ; bills relating to the public lauds ; to the United
States courts; to the postal service; to agriculture and forestry; to
public buildings; and Senate or concurrent resolutions.

2. Ordered^ That the consideration of all bills other than such as are
mentioned in the foregoing order is hereby postponed until the session
of Congress to l^ held on the first Monday of December, 1890.

3. Ordered. That a vote shall be taken on the bill (H. U. 9416) now
under consideration in the Senate and upon amendments then pending
without further debate on the 30th day of August, 1890, tbe voting to
commence at 2 o'clock p. m. on said day and to continue on that and
subsequent days to the exclusion of all other business until the bill
and pending amendments are finally disposed of.

Notice is hereby given, pursuant to Rule XL, that the foregoing orders
will be offered for adoption in the Senate.

It is proposed to modify, for the foregoing stated purpose, the fol-
lowing Rules, viz: VII, VIII, IX, X, XII, XIX, XXII, XXVIl,
^ XXVIII, XXXV, and XL.

61ST Congress, > SENATE. r Mis. Doc. 2U,

1st Session. J ) Part 2.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITBD STATES.

AUOUST 18, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Quay, parsaant to notice, submitted the following

ORDERS:

Resolvedj That the following orders be adopted for the government
of the Senate daring the present term of Congress :

Ordered, 1. That daring the (Present session of Congress the Senate
will not take np for consideration any legislative business other than
the pending bill (H. B. 9416); conference reports; general appropria-
tion bills ; pension bills ; bills relating to the public lauds; to the United
States courts ; to the postal service ; to agriculture and forestry ; to
public buildings ; and Senate or concurrent resolutions.

Ordered^ 2. That the consideration of all bills other than such as are
mentioned in the foregoing order is hereby postponed until the session
of Congress to be held on the first Monday of December, 1890.

Orderedy 3. That a vote shall be taken on the bill (H. k. 9416) now
under consideration in the Senate and upon amendments then t)ending
without further debate' on the 30th day of August, 1890, the voting to
commence at 2 o'clock p. m. on said day and to continue on that and
subsequent days to the exclusion of all other business until the bil
and pending amendments are finally disposed of.

For the foregoing-stated purpose the following rules, namely : Y II,
VIII, IX, X, XII, XIX, XXII, XXyil, XXVIIIj XXXV, and XL are
modified.

61st Congbess, \ SENATE. I Mis. Doc.

1st Session, i \ No. 215.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 18, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Plumb sobmitted the following

RESOLUTION:

Eesohud^ That the Committee on Rules be directed to make such or-
der as shall wholly prevent the sale and drinking of spiritaons, viuousy
or malt liquors in the Senate wing of the Capitol.

51st Congress, ) SENATE. ( Mis. Doo,

1^^ Sessipn. | ( No. 216.

1 — ■ ■ . Vi< , : -5 '"

m THE SENATE OF THE UNITED S FATES.

August 18, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Pluhb sobmitted the following
RESOLUTION:

Resolved^ Thtft the Commissioners of the District of Columbia are
hereby directed to make forthwith to the Senate a full and complete
report containing copies of all charges and complaints, and by whom
made, against Lieutenant Ony, of the police force, and of all testimony
and statements taken by or made to said Commissioners, or either of
them, concerning such charges, and whether said Ouy in his trial was
informed of all the charges and complaints made against him by any
and all persons to said Commissioners, or either of them, and if not,
the reasons therefor, and what action has been taken in said trial, or
otherwise, concerning said charges.

518T Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doo.

1st Session, i \ No. 217.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATED

August 19, 1890.— Ordered to lie on the table and be printed.

NATIONAL PROHIBITION OF TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

statements of Mrs. Ada M. Bittonbender, Dr. 0. N. Whitney, Samuel
D. Hastings, W. Jennings Demorest, Rev. B. D. Monger, George F.
Niver, John Lloyd Thpmas, George M. Powell, W. Martin Jones, Mrs.
Lydia H. Tilton, and Louis Schade at a joint meeting of the Senate
Committee on Education and Labor and the House Committee on the
Alcoholic Xiquor Traffic to consider the joint resolution (S. R. 2) pro-
posing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States in
relation to the manufacture, importation, exportation, transportation,
and sale of alcoholic liquors, held June 14, 1890.

Washington, D. C, Saturday, June 14, 1890.

At a joint meeting of the Senate Committee on Education and Labor
and the Committee on the Alcoholic Liquor Traffic of the House of Rep-
resentatives, held in the Senate Reception Room, there were present:
Senators Blair (chairman), George, Payne, and Representatives Taylor,
Struble, Sawyer, Morse, Pickler, Lewis, Skinner, and Quinn.

The Ch AiBMAN. This is to be a joint hearing of the two committees of
the House and Senate who have jurisdiction of the bills on the liquor
traffic under the rules of the two Houses, and the hearing this morning
is to be upon the proposed prohibitory amendment to the Constitution
of the United States. The resolution perhaps had better be read first.
It is in the ordinary form of a joint resolution, and is as follows :

JOINT BBSOLUTION proposiiig an amendmeot to the ConstitiitioD of tbe United SUtes in relation
to the mauafJActare, importation, exportation, toansportation, and sale of aloobolic liqnors.

Besolved hy the Senate and House of Bmreeentativea of the United States ofJmerioa in
Congress assetnbted (twO'tkirda of each House ooneurring therein), Tbat the following
ameudmeDt to the Constitution of the United States be, and hereby is, proposed to
the States, to become valid when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the
several States as provided in the Constitution :

Sbction 1. The manufaoture, importation, exportation, transportation, and sale of
all alcoholic liquors as a beverage snail be, and hereby is, forever prohii)ited in the
United States and in every place subject to their Jurisdiction.

Sec. 2. Congress shall enforce this article by all needful legislation.

Mrs. Bittenbender will be in charge of the presentation or introduo*
tion of the speakers, and will herself first address the committee.

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

8TATEMEHT OF MBS. ADA M. BITTEHBEH9SB,

SMperinfmdeni of Legiilatian and PeHtion» National Woman*$ ChUiian Temperance Union
and ohairman of iM national prokUfitory amendment eommitteo/or Congrmnanal work.

Mr. Ghairman and Gentlemen: Thid joint Oongressionat hearing was
kindly granted to the national prohibitory amendment committee for
Congressional work. This committee consists of the general officers
of the several national temperance societies of the country which ad-
vocate the total abolition of the traffic in alcoholic beverages, the
general officers of the national execative committee of the Prohibition
])arty, and the superintendent of legislation and petitions of the
National Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

The organizations represented here to-day are : The Bight Worthy
Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of Good Templars, organized in
1857; National Prohibition party, organized in 18G9; Supreme Council
Koyal Templars of Temperance, organized in 1872; National Woman's
Christian Tem iterance Union, organized in 1874; the Arbitration
Council, organized in 1885; National Anti-Nuisance League, organized
in 1887 ; National Young Men's Prohibition League, organized in 1888;
National Prohibition Press Association, organized in^ 1888; and the
Non-Partisan National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, organ-
ized in 1890.

The National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, which I have
the honor to represent as its superintendent of legislation and peti-
tions, is a society composed of auxiliary unions organized in every State
and Territory of the United States and in the District of Columbia. Its
local unions are organized in about ten thousand towns and cities. It
is the largest society ever formed composed exclusively of women, hav-
ing a membership of 150,000 and a following of at least 250,000.

The appearance here of the national prohibitory amendment com-
mittee for Congressional work is in furtherance of the "plan of canvass"
contained in the National Prohibitory Amendment Guide. This
manual was issued last November. It is nonpartisan. The canvassing
under it will be non-partisan. A r^sum6 of the canvass is given in the
manual. I will read a part of it that there may be a clear understand-
ing of the object of the canvass and the methods to be pursued iu at-
taining it.

bAsumA of thb canvass.

The object of the oanvaas is to obtain an amendment to the national Constitntion,
forever probibiting in tbe United States, and in every place subject to their jariadio-
tioD, tbe mannfactnre, importation, exportation, transportation, and sale of all alco^
holic liqaors as a beverage.

Tbe plan of canvass is contained in tbe National Prohibitory Amendment Gnide.
Its main feature is to register national constitutional prohibitionists* and to proclaim
their number from time to time, as the work progresses^ to the law-makers and peo-
pie in general. At present there is no way of determining their nnmerical strength.

It is hoped that the footings of this register, in the near future, wUl indicate tliat
one-half of the adult people of tbe United States have enlisted in the war for the ex-
termination of tbe traffic in alcoholic beverages, and desire that the Constitution
shall express the national will on the subject. When this is so shown, it is believed
that the amendment will be proposed and ratifie«l.

Tbe canvassing is to be carried on by three classes of national prohibitory amend-
ment committees, composed of representatiyes of the various prohibition organiza-
tions of the United States, viz :

(1) National prohibitory amendment committees for local work.

(2) National prohibitory amendment committee for Congressional work.

(3) National prohibitory amendment committees for State legi^ative work.

TBAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUOfiS. 3

The local canyaasing ia to be carried on in canTassins distriots, each consisting of
one school district, except in large cities, where the school district may be divided
into severiJ canvassing districts.

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union having made this amendment a special
line of work, having cQnnty and district as well as local and State organizations
throngh which to carry it on, and having a special department, that of legislation
and petitions, ready to do its bidding, the initiatory steps for the organization of
these committees and the responsibility for executing a part of the system of official
reporting are committed to its care.

The canvass is to be cajried on simultaneonsly throaghout the entire conntry.

Committee work is classed nnder two general heads, viz : First, before proposal of
the amendment;' second, after proposal of the amendment.

Under the first general head the work is subdivided into seven distinct branches,
the first six to be carried on by local committees and the seventh b^ the national com-
mittee, viz: (1) Registering national constitutional prohibitionists. (2) Congres-
sional petition work. (3) Public discussions. (4) Press work. (5) Distribution of
literature. (6) Reporting local work to prohibition organizations. (7) Congressional
canvassing and reports.

Under the second general head the work is subdivided into two distinct branches,
the first to be carried on by the local committees and the second by the State com-
mittee, the former local work as far as applicable being continued, viz : (1) State
legislative petitiou work. (2) State legislative canvassing.

Prohibition work already being done is not to be duplicated.

Under ** Public discussions," the plan is not to engage speakers and arrange for
m^tingSf as that work is being done by the several prohibition organizations repre-
sented on committees, but to request each speaker on prohibition to dwell on the na-
tional phrase, to ask clergymen for frequent reference, and to keep a record of ser-
mons and addresses which advocate, and of those which oppose, this phase. * • *

Under ^* Press work/' facts of general interest growing out of the canvass are to be
gleaned and published from week to week, tbe part of meetings and sermons advo-
cating national prohibition to be specially rej>orted. The plan includes also the se-
curing inserted iq the local press of pointed paragraphs and articles on national pro-
hibition.

National prohibitory amendment leaflets, coverins; the various reasons for, and
answering common objections against, this method otoutlawing the poisonous drink
traffic, are to be distributed freely.

Tbe system of official reporting provides for monthly and semi-annual reports
from national prohibitory amendment committee for local work, and for annual re-

forts from the national prohibitory amendment committee for Congressional work,
t also provides for reports of the progress of the canvass, after proposal of the amend-
ment, from national prohibitory amendment committees for State legislative work.
These reports are to be made to the several prohibition organizations represented on
the respective committees. The press is to be furnished with a r49um4 of each report.
In reffisteriug national constitutional prohibitionists, all are to subscribe to a
pledge declaring themselves in favor of the amendment, and that they will peti-
tion for its proposal by Congress and ratification by their respective »tate legis-
latures. At the time of this registration the petitions to Congress are to be signed.
Adults and minors over sixteen are to be enrolled. Names or voters and non- voters
are to be kept separate. The one registration is to answer for the entire campaign,
deaths, removals from the convassing district, and withdrawal of names, being
duly noted. No name is to appear on petitions to Congress not first appearing
subscribed in a canvassing register, for retention by the committee.

Upon indorsement of the ^* Plan of canvass " by the National Woman's
Christian Temperance Union, and the general officers and superinten-
dents of legislation and petitions of the several State and Territorial
woman's Christian temperance unions, copies of the mannal were sent to
the local nnions throaghout the country, and organization of national
prohibitory amendment committees for local work has been begun,

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of
the United States in relation to alcoholic beverages was introduced in
the Forty-fourth Congress on December 12, 1876, by the Hon. Henry
W. Blair, then a member of the House of Bepresentatives. This was
the iirst measure of the kind ever presented in our national legisla-
ture, and preceded by several years any effective proposal of a prohib-
itory amendment to the constitution of a State.

4 TEAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

The form qf tbe amendment as first introdaced ^< proposed to become
operative absolutely by ilational law against tbe distilled drinks from
and after tbe year 1900, and at once, for all time, give po the States
unfettered control to prohibit the traffic in both distilled and fermented
liquors. The original form was re-introduced in every succeeding Con-
gress until the Fiftieth^ when the^ present form, which has the united
approval of all temperance orginizations of the country, was introduced
in its stead. The original form was not generally supported by these
organizations because of its discrimination concerning fermented liquors.

The records of Congress show that for several years prior to the first
introduction of the amendment memorials and petitions commenced to
be received by Congress praying for the submission of such an amend-
ment. These, variously worded and numerously signed, were from
individuals, churches, and the different temperance societies of the
country — national, State, and local. For example, a petition presented
in the Senate on February 15, 1875, was signed by over 1,200 citizens
of South Carolina, and asked Congress for submission of ^<an amend-
ment to the Constitution to prohibit the manufacture, importation, and
sale Qf all intoxicating liquors, to take effect on the 1st day of January,
1876, or as soon thereafter as possible." The following extract from the
Senate report on the amendment, made July 9, 1888, shows the amount
of petitioning which had been accomplished at that time by the*com-
bined forces at work:

Jodgi og from the petitions which haye boen presented to Congress during the lust few
feaw^ many of which are representative of great bodies and of commnnities whoHe
iiidividnal signatores have not been obtained, it can bardiv be doubted that at least
ten millions of tbe American people are desirons of national legislation for the deatruo-
tion of poisonous, that is to say of alcoholic, drinks.

After that report, during the Fiftieth Congress, the Woman's Chris-
tian Temperance Union collected and forwarded to Congress more than
fifty thousand individual signatures. They have increased the numt)ec
by many thousands so far this Congress. Besides, since that report
several memorials and petitions, officially signed, representing large
associations, have been received by Congress. The most notable one
was the memorial signed by the committee appointed by the ^National
Council of the Congregational Churches of the United States, which
represented 4,277 churches containing 436,399 members. Tha records
of Congress do not show any memorials or petitions against the amend-
ment as having been received. The amendment was favorably reported
by the Senate Committee on Education and Labor in the Forty-ninth
and Fiftieth Congresses, and a minority report in its favor was returned
by the House Committee on the Judiciary in theFiftieth Congress. While
this matter has been pending in Congress nearly fourteen years no vote
has been had on it in either body, except on a motion for its considera-
tion, made in the Senate during the dying hours of the last Congress,
March 2, 1889, which motion was not agreed to. The yeas were 13, the
nays 33 ; thirty Senators were either absent or paired.

While addressing the House Committee on the Alcoholic Liquor Traf-
fic in the early part of this session of Congress, on two of the bills re-
ferred to that committee, I asked for a hearing on the joint resolution for
constitutional prohibition in behalf of tbe National Prohibitory Amend-
ment Committee for Congressional Work. In response, the Hon. David
Kerr requested that when the matter should be presented, we fix ouir
attention to this question : ^^As to whether it is desirable to change our
form of government so that the unit of legislation in regard to social

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. • 5

evils (iDcIading intemperance) should be changed from the State to the
Natioilal Government." Mr. Kerr, continuing, said :

The State is regarded as the unit of legislation. There are many evils now. This
proposes to make a new departure, so an to make the.uation respocfsible for one spe-
cial evil. I would like to know why that should be made (in regard to this case) an
exception rather than in other kinds of crime.

I promised that we would try to cover the point at the hearing.

My answer iB this : It is the nefarious traffic in alcoholic beverages,
and not the evil of intemperance as such, that we are asking legislation
against The proposed amendment reads :

Section 1. The manufacture, importation, exportation, transportation, and sale of
all alcoholic liquors as a beverage shall be, and hereby is, forever prohibited in the
United States and in every place subject to their inris<liccion.

Sec. 2. Congress shall enforce this article by all needful legislalion.

The liquor curse is a business. It is commerce. It is interstate and
international as well as State commerce. It is based upon production
which goes on in foreign countries and in the several States. It iinds
an appetite, or a demand, in every community throughout the whole conn-
try. That leads to interchange, traffic, commerce, everywhere, regard-
less of State lines, between producers and consumers.

Thus, from the nature of the business, it must be under the same
powers as those which control commerce generally, that is, national
powers. It is not a mere State matter and can not be made so. Mur-
der is not commerce. Theft and robbery and arson are individual
actions and are not the outgrowth of industries and general relations
which exist regardless of State or sectional lines. Intemperance is
such an outgrowth. Commerce in intoxicants, and the evils arising
therefrom, are so closely blended as to be indistinguishable in the minds
of most people. Ko other article of commerce is so situated.

Thisamendmentto the National Constitution proposes to place tbeGeu-
eral Governmentin harmony with, instead of antagonistic to, enlightened
State legislation for suppression of this bad business, to re-enforce instead
ol nullifying such legislation on the plea that alcoholic drinks are
*< merchantable commodities or known articles of commerce,'' and that
Congress, under its constitutional grant of the power to regulate the
commerce may establish trade among the States of the Union in such
commodities or articles. In fact, it proposes to declare, as the will of
of this great American people, that throughout the nation's domain
there shall be no rights of property in that which has been found to be
so universally destructive to social happiness and public order. If the
effect of doing this would be to make ^' the nation responsible for one
special evil," so be it. And since intemperance is and other social evils
are not the outgrowth of general commercial relations this fact alone,
it seems to us, would be reason enough for the exception.

I will review briefly legislation on the liquor traffic in the colonies and
United States of America as an aid to the question under consideration,
the proposal of this amendment.

The alcoholic liquor traffic was hoary with age before the birth of
Christ. Its beginning is lost in antiquity, and with it the beginning of
drunkenness and adoption of laws to enforce sobriety. Wine and malt
liquors constituted the intoxicants of the nations until about the twelfth
century, A. D., when the discovery of distillation added ardent spirits
to the list.

The traffic had long been licensed in England at the time of the first
successful English settlement in America, at Jamestown, in 1G07. The
license system in the United States, from adoption of laws of the mother

6 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC UQUOBS.

country, began with the beginning of the traffic here, whieh beginning,
history indicates, closely followed, if it were not conten]iK)rary with, the
settlement at Jamestown.

Two incongruous pieces of liquor legislation, but in harmony with
both English statute law and ancient custom, one making a crime of
that which is always the efifect of the other, began at the beginning of
colonial legislation and kept pace with each other throughout colonial
life — namely, laws to punish drunkenness and those to promote and tes-
ter the domestic manufacture of intoxicants. These incongruous parts
made up the entire liquor legislation of the first legislative assembly
ever convened by Anglo-Americans, that of Virginia, in 1619. The
first, against drunkenness, reads:

Against drookeDness be it.also decreed, that if any private person be found calpable
thereof, for tbo first time he'is to be reproove<l privately by the mioister; the second
time publiquely ; the thirde time to lye in botles 12 bowers in the Hoose of the Pru-
vost Marshall, and to pay his fee; and if he* still continue in that vice, to undergo
sucbe severe punishment as the Govemour and Couusell of Estate shall thinke fitt to
be inflicted on him. But if any oflicer ofieude in this crime, the first time he shall
receive a reproof from the Govemour; the second time he shall openly be reprooved
in the churche by the minister ; and the thirde time he shall first be committed and
then degraded. Provided it be understood that the Gov'r hath always power to re-
store him, when be shall in his discretion thinke iltt.

The second of these enactments, making the planting of grape vines
compulsory to encourage the wine industry — the London Company hav-
ing sent in that year ^^ divers skilful viguerons with a store of vine
plants of the best sort "—reads :

Moreover, be it enacted by this present assembly, that every householder doe yearly
plante and maintain ten vines, uutill they have attained to the arte and experience
of dressing a vineyard, either by their owne industry, or by the Instruction of some
vicneron. And that upon what penalty the Govemour and Couusell of Estate shall
thinke fitt to impose upon the neglecters of this acte.

Hand in hand with the fostering of the wine industry went the fos-
tering of malt and distilled liquors, one or more of these industries re-
ceiving special encouragement from the government in each of the sev-
eral colonies.

The first license law enacted on American soil, so far as the old records
extant show, was that of the Massachusetts Bay Oolony, of July 2, 1633,
which provided ^' That noe person shall sell either wine or stronge
water, without leave of the Gov'r or Deputy Gov'r."

Its discrimination in favor of malt liquors- not requiring permission
to sell beer, ale, etc., was probably due to the belief of their wholesome
qualities, which were not likely to be overcome by excessive use as were
those of distilled liquors. This belief was very generally entertained
during colonial days, and for fifty years after independence, notwith-
standing the showing of history for centuries before directly to the
contrary, especially the centuries preceding the discovery of distillation,
when the drunkenness and crimes committed in drunken sprees, the
recital of which fills so large a space in ancient records, were the results
of the use of fermented drinks solely. Later laws of this colony in-
cluded malt liquors in prohibiting sales without license, which was also
the general rule in the other colonies. The second license law, that'of
Kew Plymouth Golony, enacted March 2, 1635, made similar discrimi-
nation, but during the revision of laws the following year was amended
to read:

That none be suffered to retale Tirine, strong water or beere either within doores or
without except in Inns or Victualling bowses allowed. And that no beere be sold
in any such place to exceed in price two pence the Winchester quart.

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 7

The provisiou regalating the price of beer was a common one i^ all
of the colonies, and not only in regard to beer, but was often extended
to other drinks, distilled as well as fermented, both of foreign aud
home make, the intent of law-makers, as shown in enactments, being
to protect consumers against exorbitant charges through greedi,ne8B
of gain. Consumers were protected against adulterated liquors also.
From a study of the laws one is led to believe that the daily use of
alcoholic beverages was considered essential to happiness and good
living by our colonial ancestors, excessive indulgence only being dis-
countenanced. A law of Massachusetts, enacted in 1644, repealing one
against selling to Indians, well illustrates this point. It reads :

The coart apprehending yt is not fit to deprive ye Indians of any lawful comfort
wch God aloweth to all men by ye use of wine, do ordr yt it shalbe law fall for aU
such as are or shalbe alowed license to retaile wines to sefl also to ye Indians so much •
as may be fit for their needful use or refreshing.

But that the legal encouragement given to the supposed needful use
often led to excessive indulgence — even to a high state of intoxication
(defined by the New Plymouth Colony, in 1646, as *'By drunkeness is
understood a person that lispes or faulters in his speech by reason of
overmuch drinke or that stagers in his goeing or that vomitts by reason
of excessive drinking or cannot follow his calling") — the colonial court
records extant are witnesses which furnish an instructive as well as inter-
esting study. When penalties for drunkenness were left to the courts,
the case in most of the colonies, the court records disclose what they
were. For first ofienses a small fine was usually imiK)sed. For sec-
ond and subsequent offenses a seat in the billK)es or stocks, or a
whipping was frequently' decreed, with or without fine, the severity of
the punishment increasing with each repetition of the ofiiense. Some-
times the offender was required to wear on his outside garment the let-
ter D or the word drunkard, and occasionally one was disfranchised.
For the second recorded offense, a Massachusetts court, in 1634, *< or-
dered that Kobert Coles, for drunkeues by him committed att Bocksbury,
shafbe disfranchised, weare aboute his uecke, & soe to hange upon his
outward garment a ^D' made of redd cloath and sett upon white, to *
contynue this for a yeare." Soon following this case was that of Ed-
ward Scale, who, ^^for his beastly drunkennes was censured to bee set
in the bilboes till the end of the court, &r then to bee severely whiped."
The fact that drunkenness continued to increase, notwithstanding the
.^severity of penalties, which were expected to act as deterrents, is shown
also in the preambles of laws passed from time to time to prevent the
evil. One of the earliest, dated November 20, 1637, only a little over
four years after the enactment of the first license law, reads :

Whereas, It hath appeared nnto this court, upon many sad oomplaints, that much
drunkenness, waste ol' the good creatures of Uod, niispeuce of precions time, aud
other disorders have frequently fallen oat in the inns and common victualling liouscs
within this jurisdiction [Massaahusetts], whereby God is much dishonored, the pro-
fession of religion reproached and the welfare of this commonwealth greatly im-
imired, and the true use of such houses, being the necessary relief of travellers, sub-
verted.

The body of the law prohibited the sale in inns and victualling hons( s
of intoxicants, lisht malt liquors excepted. In regard to this subversion,
whereby these places were little more than ^' tippling houses," the com-
])laint was common in the other colonies, as shown also in preambles of
laws. Merchants, public brewers, distillers, etc., bf^sides victualers and
inn-keepers, were licensed to sell liquors, usually not to be drank on the
premises where sold; but to Massachusetts, .the home of the Pilgrims,

8 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

belongs the credit of passiog the first law for a liquor saloon, pare and
simple, as well as the first license law, and that as .early afi.lU39. The
act reads :

It ia farther ordered that every towne shall have liberty from time to time, to
choose a lit man to sell wiue, the same to be allowed by lioense. .... and that
it shall be lawfnl forsach person allowed to retaile wine, to let wine be drank in his
house; provided^ that if any person shall be made drunk in any-such house, or any
immoderate drinking suffered there, the master of the family shall pay for every such
offense five pounds.

The penalty part was an admirable feature. The preamble of another
law of the Pilgrims, helping to account for the growing evil of intem-
perance, well worthy of note, dated May 14, 1645, reads:

WuERKAB, It is fonnd/hy too common &sad experience in all parte of ye colony,
y't ye forcing of laborers & oth'r workman to take wine in pay for ye labor is a threat
nursery or preparative to drunkennes &, unlawful tipling, occasioning ye private
meetings of profane persons, whereby youth is drawn a/side to lewdnes, ye good
creature of God notoriously abused, etc.

It was ordered (hat no one be <* inforced or presed to take wine in
pay for his labor," The practice of paying for labor in wine, and some-
time in other intoxicants, was common also in the other colonies.

The colonists early adopted the method of making the tariff a source
of revenue through duty on liquors imported, excise on flie domestic,
and license fees. The duty was laid also to serve as protection for
home products. Again, using the colony of the Pilgrims to cite from
in illustration, a law adopted May 14, 1645,

Ordered y't nil wines wch shalbe brought into ye colony .... shall pay (by
AViiy of cnstome or imposition) ye four & twentieth part of ye true valewe ofaU sncli

wineho brought And it is further ordered y't all such as are or ahail be

lioeuKcd to retaile wiues (over &, above ye imposition before mentioned to be paid on
yo landing) shall pay for evry butt of wine, 6l so proportionable for every amaller
vcssell, ye twentieth part of ye valewe of such wine.

Under a law enacted in 1638 to encourage distillation, distilled liq-
uors made in the colony only were allowed to be sold, which accounts
for this class of intoxicants not being included. Excise was soon after
imposed on domestic liqiv>rs, and from time to time, as the needs of gov-
ernment required, usually at less rates than those on imports to carry
out the protective policy. The excise law of 1668 included ale, beer,
and cider. Cider, which was made by nearly every owner of an apple
orchard, had been listed with intoxicants, requiring license to sell, since
about the middle of that century. A law exacting annual license feee^,
enacted in 1646, reads :

All licenst pernons shall annually pay to ye common tressury, proportion ably to ye
place, where he lives, he Gen'rall Corte renning annually their licenses on anch roeeto
fiiii s as they shall determine, etc.

The act fixed the rates for the first year, requiring licenses of Boston,
Cliarlestown, and Balem to pay &15 per annum; of Cambridge, £3, etc
This method grew so rapidly in favor that ere the year 1700 had dawned
the traffic was furnishing the principal part of the revenue in most, if
not in all, of the colonies ; large consumption of these so-called ''good
creatures of God'' being always a certainty. In fact, before the year 1700
the manufacture in the colonies of all kinds of intoxicants under en-
couragement of government had reached immense proportions. Those
imported from colony to colony were taxed as well as those hailing from
transatlantic ports.

During the eighteenth century to the breaking out of the Revolu-
tionary war statutes relating to the liquor traffic continued to undergo fre-

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQIfOliS. 9

quent auieiiclmeut, the desire beiug as hitlierto to cucourage aud protect
tbedomeetic inatiufacturer^ guard coDsuiners against exorbitant charges
and adalterated liquors, curb druukenuess, i)reveiit uuliceused sales
and smuggling, aud to secure revenue in accordance with the needs of
Governmeirt. The wording of the various laws shows that unlicensed
sales and smuggling continued common practices, and that all attempts
to curb drunkenness while nurturing its cause were as unsuccessful then
as now, as unsuccessful then as before during the centuries — alicays
miserable failure.

The Revolutionary soldiers were supplied with liquor rations daily
as a matter of course. The provisions ordered by the geneiiil asseu)-
bly in May, 1775, to be issu^ to the Connecticut troops included " three
pints of beer per diem, or spruce suificient • • • and one gill of rum
l>er man on fatigue days only." Massachusetts, by resolution of her
provincial congress, June 10, 1775, provided "that each soldier in the
Massachusetts army shall have the following allowance per day, viz,
• • •. — Article 4. One quart of good spruce or malt beer." In addition,
liquors could be obtained of the sutlers, except a few hours, during the
night time. Kule 64 of the Kules and Eegulations of the Continental
Army, adopted by the Continental Congress of the United Colonies,
June 30, 1775, provided that "no sutler shall be permitted to sell any
kind of liquors or victuals, or to keep their houses or shops oj)cn for the
entertainment of soldiers, after 9 at night or before the beating of
reveilles." The Continental Congress, ^November 4, 1775, in ordering
]>rovision8 for the new Army to lie before Boston, made a ration contain
"one quart of spruce beer or cider per man per day;" and November
28, 1775, made a Navy ration contain "half a pint of rum per man every
day, and discretionary allowance on extra duty and in time of engage-
ment"

In consequence of liquor so furnished " the diseased appetite was not
only fostered w here it already existed, but was also awakened in many
who had not hitherto experienced its insatiable longings." (Boys over
sixteen years of age were enlisted.) On being discharged this appetite
followed the soldiers to their homes and continued to grow upon them,
•and attached it-self to other members of their communities before quite
free from its thralldom, until the whole country seemed stricken with
intemperance, which continued its ravages with increasing power until
about the year 1825, when its greatest virulence known in American
history was reached.

This appetite existing, the fact of its existence was taken into consid-
eration in planning for revenue to run the Government and pay off the
enormous war debt, which, with a depleted Treasury, confronted the First
Congress under the Federal Constitution, Moral considerations were
not permitted to have weight. On being presented, while considering
the rate of duty to be laid on rum, Lawrence, of New York, expressed
what then was, and since evidently has been, the majority view of Con-
gress. He said :

If we are to reason and act as moralists on this point, I am certain it is tlie wish of
every member to prevent the use of ardent spirits altogether, for their iuliaence on
the morals of the people is of the most pernicious kind. Nor does the mischief ter-
minate hero, as I apprehend it is equally destructive to the health ; but we are not to
deliberate and determine on this sabject as moralists, but as politicians, and endeavor
to draw (if I may use the expression) from the vices of mankind that revenue which
our citizens must, in one form or other, contribute.

The policy of encouraging and protecting the manufacture of intoxi-
cants was continued under the new form of Government from its l>egiQ-

10 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

Ding, and since has been continaed withoat iuterruption. The preamble
of its first revenue law^ heavy duty being laid on both distill^ and
fermented liquors, reads:

Whereas it is uecessary for the support of GoTommeut, for the discharge of the
debts of the United States, and the euoourageiuent and protection of maunfactnres,
that duties be laid on goods, wares, and meichaudise imported. (Passed July 4,
1789.)

While the people were ** drinking down the national debt," as one
Congressman aptly put it in favoring excise tax on domestic spirits,
which, during the third session of the First Congress was added to meet
the need for more revenue fusing the whisky insurrection of western
Pennsylvania), the several State legislatures, appalled at the increase
of intemperance and resulting evils, were vainly striving to stem the
tide by making the license system more stringont. Provision after pro-
vision was added from 1780 to 1820 (the War of 1812 created another
national debt, the drinking down of which greatly augmented the bad
state of affairs), until, as Rev. Dr. Dorchester says, ^^ it reached a degree
of vigor not found in our more recent laws." Still was it ineffective,
however perfect as a system ; on, on went the disease like a whirlwind
before a mole hill in its way.

Then came an awakening all over the land of temperance people to its
inefficiency, and not only to this, but to the moral badness of the sys-
tem as well. Hitherto their attention had been chiefly directed to the
evils resulting from the liquor traffic, and not to the sanctioning of laws
as being wrong in principle. ^'Down with the license system" became
the cry.

Among the earliest results of the new movement was the amendment
of laws so as either to make the licensing authority elective, instead of
appointive, or to authorize direct vote on the question of license or no
license. Within a few years no license prevailed in a large part of the
country.

The next step was to effect repeal of the odious license laws, substi-
tuting therefor prohibitory laws. Partial concessions were made at
llrst, such as prohibiting retail sales in less than specified amounts and
in any amount to be drank on or about the premises where sold, and*
empowering towns and counties to ^^ suppress the retail traffic on a pe-
tition signed by a majority of the adult male inhabitants." Then came
the enactment of general statutes, Maine leading off iu 1846 with a law
X)rohibiting the sale of wines and distilled spirits, which she amended
in 1848 by extending its x)rovisions to all intoxicating liquors, and fur-
ther amended in 1851 so as to include the manufacture, thereby making
the demand complete, and her Maine law famous the world over as the
signal light of the reform.

Laws similar to that of Maine, within four years after its passage,
had been placed upon the statute books of six other States and two Ter-
ritories, viz : Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, Connecticut, Iowa,
Indiana, and the Territories of Minnesota and Nebraska. Foreign
liquors in the hands of the importer and in unsealed casks or i>ackages,
which were imported under authority of the laws of the United States,
were excluded from the operation of these several laws. Within the
same time three other States adopted statutes prohibiting the sale but
not the manufacture, viz : New York, New Hampshire, and Delaware.
New York exempted cider, New Hampshire exempted domestic wine
and cider, and Delaware exempted liquors manufactured by the seller
from fruit or grain grown in the State. In each case the exemption did
uot apply to the liquors when drank on the premises where sold* Mich-

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 11

igan, in her coustitntion adopted Id 1850, provided that the ^^ legisla-
ture shall not pass any act authorizing the grant of license for the sale
of ardent spirits^ or other intoxicating liquors." Her legislature in 1855
prohibited both'manufactare and sale *^ except cider, beer, and \viue of
domestic manufacture." Her constitutional restriction was repealed in
1876. Ohio, in her constitution adopted in 1851, provided that '^ no
license to traffic in intoxicating liquors shall hereafter be granted in
this St^te ; but the general assembly may, by law, provide against evils
resulting therefrom." The Ohio constitutional restriction still exists.
The State legislature in 1851 prohibited sales of '^ any spirituous liquors
of any kind whatever to be drank in the place where sold," which law
was amended in 1855 so as to cover all intoxicating liquors. The legis-
lature of Illinois, in 1851, prohibited retailing liquors ^' by a less quan-
tity than one quart," or ** by any quantity, and suffer them to be drank
in any house, tavern, store, etc." And in 1855 the Illiuois legislature
submitted to the voters of the State for ratification a law prohibiting
both mauuracture and sale, excepting cider and wine of state-grown
fruit, and the manufacture of malt liquors for exportation. It failed of
ratification by a very few votes.

In 1854 the Pennsylvania legislature submitted the question whether
a prohibitory law, completely outlawing the nefarious traffic, should be
enacted in that State or not. The question was decided adversely by
a small majority. The next year the legislature prohibited Sunday
selling and also week day selling, except by persons licensed to sell in
quantities over one quart, keepers of ^^ places of entertainment, amuse-
ment, or refreshment," not to be licensed. The legislature of Texas
inl854 prohibited the licensing of persons *^ to sell spirituous or vinous
liquors in less quantity than one quart, unless a majority of the qualified
electors • • • cast their votes in favor of the granting of such
license." Considerable additional prohibitory ground was gained in the
States not mentione(l, through carrying elections for no license, and
other ways, from 1851-'55.

In speaking of the efiect of this legislation, of the wonderful change
in drinking habits, improvement in health, and the great moral and
spiritual uplifting of the people which had been accomplished within
twenty-five years, Rev. Dr. Dorchester says:

Probably in no couutry, iu so short a poriod, was there ever so radical a transfor-
niatiop. * * • Social life everywhere wore new aspects; the do loestip economy
of society was changed ; maiei'ia medica felt the inflneuce; (he number, frequency,
and fatality of diseases were reduced, and the moral and spiritual forces of the
nation were greatly augmented.

But, unhappily, this period was succeeded by one unfavorable in the
extreme for the temperance movement. For the six years before the
firing on Fort Sumter, the four years of civil war, and the recon-
strnctive years *' violent agitations, heart-rending anxieties, new politi-
cal problems of far-reaching influence, in vo] ving the profoundest thought
in their solution, engrossed the attention."

During the rebellion the liquor ration — supplied daily to the Union
Navy by act of Congress, and frequently often daily to the Union Army
under regulations of the War Department — again did its deadly work,
helped cruelly on by the licensed saloon as opportunity was given it.
In the Confederate States the liquor traffic was continued and heavily
fayed for revenue. Hon. Samuel C. Pomeroy, United States Senator
from Kansas, in addressing the American Temperance Union in May,
1803, in regard to the Union Army, said :

The vice of intemperance has followed the army, has visited the quarters of both
oflBcer and priyate, has taken down some of the bravest and trQe6tol\^<^\»:cA^^V^^

12 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

bflfoie, had always stood erect in their manhood and their pride. It has made disor-
derly and riotous the loyal camp of the soldier, has made disgraceful the tent of the
officer, and, on more than one occasion, defeated and demoralized an army on the
field of battle. Of the thirty thousand victims of disease and death attending on the
Peninsular campaip^n the last year, at least ten thousand may be set down as charge-
able to the daily ration of whisky and qninine. Intemperance and its fruits made
such sad havoc in the Mexican war that it was feared that the dead would more than
outnumber the living. General Scott said that in his Mexican campaign fifty per
cent, of all he lost in his army, who are loft, in unmonumeutal graves, are there fitno
this source, rather than from the bullets of the enemy. He therefore pleads with ns
to speak out and act effectively.

Effective speaking out and acting bad to do mainly with Congress.
The policy of Congress in regard to the liquor basiness was not to be
changed in the face of another war debt of unprecedented magnitude,
and the need of an enormous amount oT revenue from day to day which
the consumption of taxed liquors would largely and readily supply.

The unpatriotic forces of King Alcohol, love of money instead of
country being the actuating power, were quick to see and take advan-
tage of the auspicious time for them — auspicious especially in creating
this necessity for an immense revenue, and thatfor many years to come.
Willingly this time was the business subjected to excise in addition to
impost. Why willingly! Because it meant another long lease of life
for the business, it in turn being made to appear a necessity to be li-
censed and fostered as of old instead of prohibited. Besides, the tax
money paid out would be returned in profits a hundred fold through
increased sales and profits which the war would bring about.

And not only was it auspicious for them, this need of more revenue
to run the General Government, but also in the need of more revenue
for State purposes. Under the pressure of this need the old system of
licensing the liquor traffic was again resorted to, at least for a season,
in all but four of the States where prior to the war it had been dis-
carded wholly or in part. Maine, Vermont, Iowa, nnd Kew Hampshire
alone have held steadfast. Ohio people licensed the traffic under the
name of "tax,'' a method employed to get around the an ti license pro-
vision of their constitution. This method is in effect the same as the
old license system. In several States the two systems have fluctuated,
those of prohibition and license, the success of either depending upon
whether moral sentiment or greed was in the ascendency at the tirae.
In the same way we may account for the changes witnessed in the coun-
ties, cities, and towns throughout the country, which, since the rebel-
lion, have adopted prohibition and then fluctuated between the two
systems.

Since the close of the reactionary period, notwithstanding the press-
ure for revenue, there has been much stable advance along the line of
State prohibition. To-day six States, viz : Maine, Vermont, Kansas,
Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota, have general prohibitory stat-
utes, outlawing both manufacture and sale as a beverageof intoxicating
liquors, the principle being embedded in the constitutions of all but two,
those of Vermont and Iowa. Vermont is the only St4ite which has not
weakened her original prohibitory law. Her numerous amendaients
have all been of a strengthening character. The statutes of Iowa pro-
hibit the manufacture of intoxicants for all purposes. New Hampshire
has not worked up to a prohibition of the manufacture. Besides,
through local option, special statutes, or both, the sale as a beverage of
most or all intoxicating liquors is prohibited in a large part of several
other States, viz : Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. And in
every other State, through local option, special statutes, or the exercise

TBAFFIC IK ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 13

of discretion on tfae part of the licenslDg piiwer, more or less territory
has been carried for prohibitiou, which still prevails. Through act of
, Congress prohibition covers also the Indian Territory, Indian reserva-
tions, and Oklahoma. The large favorable vote in election contests on
pro[K>sal8 of constitutional amendments, or recently under local option
provisions, where prohibition has failed to carry, show other parts of the
country almost ready to adopt the prohibitory rjgime.

The main argument used againt State prohibitory legislation is that
prohibition does not prohibit* This argument is one of the strongest
there is in favor of national prohibition. To be elective, the legisla-
tion must control the traffic from the point of manufacture or place of
entering our national domain' to the mouths of consumers. Such legis-
lation requires the united action of both branches — State and niikiional —
of this complex Government. The review I have given shows a very
large part, nearly if not quite one-half, of the area of the several States
as being under local prohibition. It shows also that no re-enforcement
has reached prohibitory localities through Congressional action.

It may be asked ; should Congress pass an '* original package bill,"
meeting the recent decision of the United States Supreme Court, would
not that be sufficient f Let us see what certain Senators, in consider-
ing such a bill in the Senate a few days since, thought about it.

Senator Wilson, of Iowa, the introducer of the Senate's ^^ original
package bill," and who had it in charge in that body, in opening the
discussion, said:

Mr. Wilson, of Iowa. Mr. President, I do not intend to enter upon an extended
discussion of this bill. I shall not yenture beyond a brief explanation of tfae indac-
ing cause of the biU as amended, and the nature, character, and extent of the bill.

In the case recently decided by the Supreme Court of the United States, the case
of I^isy Sl Co. o«. Hardin, on writ of error to t be supreme oonrt of the State of Iowa,
the court, in its opinion, held the following language:

'* The plaintiffs in error are citizens of Illinois, are not pharmacists, and have no
permits, bnt import into Iowa beer which they sell in original packages, as described.
Under our decision in Bowman r*. Chicago, etc., Hallway Company, they had the
right to import this beer into that State, and in the view which we have expressed
they had the right to sell it, by which act alone it would become mingled in the
common mass of property within the State. Up to that point of time, we hold that,
in the abs«*nce of Congressional permission to do so, the State had no power to inter-
fere by seizure, or any other action, in prohibition of importation and sale by the '
foreign or nou-resident importer. Whatever our individual views may be as to tho
deleterious or dangerous qualities of particular articles, we can not hold that any
articles which Congress recognizes as subjects of interstate commerce are not such,
or that whatever are thus recognized can be controlled by State laws amounting to
regulationcy while they retain that character; although at the same time, if directly
dangerous in themselves, the State may tiake appropriate measures to guard against
injury before it obtains complete jurisdiction over them.

''To concede to a State the power to exclude, directly or indirectly, articles so
situated, without Congressional permission, is to concede to a majority of the people
of a State, represented in the State legislature, the power to regulate commercial in-
tercourse between the States, by determining what shall be its subjects, when that
power was distinctly granted to be exercised by tho people of the United States, rep-
resented in Congress, and its possession by the latter was considered essential to that
more perfect union which the Constitution was adopted to create. Undoubtedly
there is difficulty in drawing the line between the municipal powers of the one gov-
ernment and the commercial powers of the other, bnt when tnat line is determined,
in the particular instance, accommodation to it, without serious inconvenience, may
readily bo found, to uhc the language of Mr. Justice Johnson in Gibbons V9. Ogden
(9 Wheat., 1.238), in * a frank and candid cooperation for the general good.'"

This bill, in its amended form, is a response to the suggestion contained in this
declaration of the court, that whatever restraint the Constitution may have placed
upon this subject, so far as the original action of the State is concerned, Congress can
give its permission to the exercise of the restraining power or police power of the
§tate, and it is for the purpose of giving that permission that the bill has been pre-
8ent«4l in its amended form.

14 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQU0E8.

The effdot of the bill, if it shall become a law, will be to leave every State in the
Union frtife to determine for itself what its policy shall be in re8j)ect to the traffic iu in-
toxicating liqnors. If a State shall desire prohibition it can adopt it aud exercise it
and enforce it under the provisions of this bill. If it shall desire license, hi^h or low,
the same conditions will attend that policv so far as this bill is concerned. If it itlial)
prefer to adopt the policy denominated local option, it may do that, so tlint the
traffic may be allowed in such counties or cities as desire it and prohiliit<Ml iu othorn.
Hut that each State shall be left to determine for itself what its policy in this regard
shall be is this scope of the bill, its purpose, and its effect.

Ami, Mr. Cbairman, since you are the author of the National Pro-
hibitory Amendment and have laboredin its interest these fourteen
years, your views are also especially valuable. On the occasion re-
ferred to, you said :

Mr. Blaih. Mr. President, I think if anything could have shown the impossibility—
I may use that word perhaps — of dealing with the subject of the traffic in intoxicat
ing liquors in an ettective way under the existing Constitntion artd laws of the
country this debate \?ou1d be that demonstration. What do we witness! From the
foundation of the Grovernment almost, certainly since the time of the liquor case;!, it
has been the settled belief of the whole country, of jndges, lawyers, courts, and the
laity of the country, that the States had the power within their own liniita of nb.so
Intely controlling by prohibition and by regulating in various ways the traffic in in
toxicating liqnors. That has been the general belief.

All at once comes a decision of the highest court of the land, the voice of God in
the Constitution, irn versible except by the court itself, binding upon all the forces
of the country, that this supposed jnrisdiction over this great evil in the St-ates is
a myth, and that really the people of the United States to-d<ay and all along, if
they had known and understood the laws and the Constitution under which they
were living, have been subject absolutely to the indiscriminate and unrestricted
traffic in rum, tliat no power whatever has yet been exercised which can reach and
control it, and that condition exists by virtue of the Constitution of the Uuiie4l
States. That is the condition in which we find onrselves to-day, and the Congress is
almost absolutely forced to legislate upon this subject, which it has ignored to the
utmost in all previous times, in order to produce that legal status which everybody
had believed to exist from the beginning until now. Congress is driven to legislate
in order to produce that condition of the law which we liad hitherto assnm^ as a
matter of course to bo the law.

If we pass this bill the Senator from Iowa only hopes that the condition will be
made legal which everybody had believed in hitherto, which the courts (»f Iowa had
acted upon, ^wliich the courts of the United States had act<ed upon, which the execu-
tive departments of the State and the Nation and the people at large bad acteil npon,
simply to establish that condition which everybody had previously believed to exist.

This measure will add nothing in the great controversy between those who believe
in prohibition, those who believe iu what we call temperance, and those who hold t-o
the opposite belief. It will add nothing to the relative strength of the position which
either of these parties has hitherto occupied. Not to pa^s it is to be sure to have the
effect of ranging all the powers of the State and of the Nation upon the side of in-
toxication and indiscriminate trade in intoxicating liqnors; but to enact it into law
has none other effect than I have alluded to.

And we have groat question whether we shonld pass this bill. The Senate is di-
vided upon tbat question. Very able arguments were made here to the effeot tbnt
this bill will be unconstitutional if it becomes a law, and that the Supreme Coart will
set this legislation aside. If we do make this measure a law we are still surroanded
by all the substantial difficulties with which we have controverted from the begin-

ing.

• • • • • • •

No, Mr. President, I do not think anybody who stndies this subject carefully,
whctber from a legal stand-point or from a philosophical stand-point, can fail to s<h»
that the power of the prohibitory State", if I may speak of them iu that way, to reg-
ulate and to destroy the traffic iu intoxicating liquors within their limits is nullilit^d
by reason of the liniitatlon of their police powers imposed npon them by the Connti-
tntion of the United States. Bat for that Constitution New Hampshire wbtild have
Ihepower of an indepondent nation over this traffic. She could prevent the inrro«
duction of li(iuors within her limits at all. She could prohibit exportatitm as well a*«
importition, and tho manufacture and the sale for any purpose which she deonioil
hostih) to the real interest of her people.

Hut 8om« (<nM;e has b«;en imposed upon her, some force has been imposed upon rho
action of Iowm ami of other prohibitory States, so that practically their etl\irtti U* pro-

TRAFFIC IK ALCOHOUC LIQUOBS. 15

vent the evil of intemperance within their limits have become nngatorj. Whence
cornea that power if it i>^ no^ from the Constitntion of the Unit;e<l States; as the courts
have construed those powers f

I believe that the great fortress, the real defense of the liquor trade in this country, is
(be CoD8titution of the United States, and that but for that Constitution many of the
States to-day would have freed themselves almost absolutely f^m theeutanglement and
the iujnry which result from this bad traffic. I hold to that doctrine, and I do not
believe any one who studies the subject can arrive at any other conclusion.

* • • • « • •

Mr. President, after we have adopted this bill it will be found that the great tem-
perance controversy is in substantially the same position that it has been heretofore;
no worse for the decision of the Supreme Court, because this act of Congress will have
rectified that evil ; but so far as the future contention is concerned we shall be where
we were, and we shall still need an enlargement of the powers of the States or an
amendment of the Constitution of the United States which shalLliberate those powers
to the full exercise of tlie power which they possess for their own protection, or an
amendment of the Constitntion of the United States which, I say, will give every
State the power of an independent nation within its own limits over this subject ; and,
better, a still broader and more comprehensive amendment of the Constitution which
shall not only do that, biit shall re-enforce the police powers of the State by an abso-
lute prohibition — a national prohibition extending over the whole country.

That would be no interference with the police powers of the State, because we are
admitting here in this very legislation that for the protection of those nowers it is
necessary that the national arm be removed and that the States be enablea t-o exercise
those which are inherent for their own protection.

If, then, we should in that same direction pass an enactment or adopt a constitu-
tional provision of the United States re-enforcing that police power by nrobibition,
we should be not destroying the police powers of the Stato, but we should be assist-
ing them, enabling them to accomplish their own just and proper ends. The claim
which we sometimes hear set up that the national prohibition of the liquor traffic is
a destmction of the police power of the State is so far from being true, that, on the
contrary, national prohibition would be a re-enforcement and preservation of that
police power, without which I believe the police power of the State will never be
eflfectively exercised.

• ••••••

Drnnkenness will never be eradicated from our land until there is a power which
can seize this article in tranaitUj ay, more, a power — ^a national as well as a State
power — which can prevent its manufacture and its importation for any other but use-
nil purposed, as for medicine and for use in the arts.''

We agree with you, Mr. GhairmaD, that '^ this measare will add noth-
ing in the great controversy between those who believe in prohibition
and those who hold to the opposite belief; " that after this bill has been
adopted '< it will be found that the great temperance controversy is in
substantially the same position that it has been heretofore : no worse
for the decision of the Supreme Court, because this act or Congress
will have rectified that evil ; but so far as the future contention is con-
cerned, we shall be where we were, and we shall still need an amend-
ment of the Constitution of the United States which shall re enforce the
police powers of the States by an absolute prohibition— a national pro-
hibition extending over the whole country.^' Therefore, to the question,
^^ Should Congress pass an < original-package bill' meeting the recent
decision of the United States Supreme Court, would not that be suffi-
cient f^' we answer, no.

Yes, Mr. Chairman, very able arguments were made in the Senate to
the effect that this "original- package bill'' will be uncoustitutioual if
it becomes a law, and that the Supreme Court will so declare it* Per-
mit me to cite briefly from a few of these arguments. Senator Kengan.
from Texas, said :

Mr. President, this bill and the discussion arising upon it relate to a subject of
very great interest to the American people, the regulation and control of the iih« of
intoxicating liquors. If we are to debate it upon the question as to tlio prcpriciy of
the use of intoxicating liquors, that would be one subject. If we are to discuss the
authority by which it is to be regulated, that la certainly another subject.

16 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUOKS.

The Constitution confers upon Congress the power to re^pilate commerce among
the States ; and the Snpremo Conrt has repeatedly held that the power of Congre^
for the regnlation of commerce among the States and with foreign nations was as
complete and perfect as the power of a State to regulate its local commerce, its in-
ternal commerce. It is an absolute power^ unqualified, according to the determiuu-
tions of the Supreme Court.

Now, are the transportation and sale of alcoholic liquors commerce f I understand
that the courts hold that they are commerce. As to the use of them, there are very
great varieties of opinion. As to their being commerce there can hardly be two
opinions.

The Congress authorizes the importation of alcoholic liquors. It levies a tax npon
alcoholic liquors ; it taxes and collects revenue from them. The action of Congress
makes alcoholic liquors r*ommerce. Some of the States prohibit the nse of aloonolic
liquors J a majority of them do not prohibit the use of alcoholic liquors. So the car-
rent opinion among the States would make alcoholic liquors an article of commerce.

If the Constitution of the United States were amended so as to declare that alco-
holic liquors w^ere injurious to the public morals and the public health, and to repeal
the laws which recognize them as commerce by recognizing their importation and
levying duties upon them, that would be an act of outlawry .which might place them
and would place them under the control and power of the State legislatures. It
would then cease to be an article of commerce— that is, it would cease to be an arti-
cle of commerce if the States took the same view of it and outlawed it as the Gov-
ernment would under such a change.

If this condition of things— that is, the outlawry of alcoholic liquors by the Fed-
eral Government and by the States — existed, the States, then, of course, could ex-
clude intoxicating lio|uor under their police power, as they may exclude anything
that they hold to be injurious to healtli and public morals or dangerous to life.

• ••••••

Tbe regulation of commerce as we now have it under consideration means the reg-
ulation of trade and transportation between the States.

As I have mentioned, the laws of the United States recognize alcoholic liquors,
whether rightly or wrongly it is not for us now to say, as articles of commerce. The
laws of most of the States recognize liquors of this description, whether rightly or
wrongly we have no authority here to determine, as articles of commerce. Being
articles of commerce, and the exclusive power being given to Congress to regulate
commerce among the States, it seems to me concludes that portion of the argument.

But it is assumed that Congress may permit the States to take its place to a limited
extent in the regnlation of commerce. I understand, Mr. President, that jurisdic-
tion even in the courts is not a matter of consent, but a matter of law. It is cer-
tainly true, I think, that where the Constitution has conferred a power upon Congress
the consent of the Congress and the States can not take from Congress its jurisdic-
tion, nor can the consent of Congress and the States confer upon the States a juris-
diction which by the Constitution is conferred upon Congress. If that be true, it
would conclude this portion of the argument.

Senator Coke, from Texas, said :

The Constitution is the supreme law for the States and for Congress. Congress can
not exercise jurisdiction reserved to the States, nor can the States exercise jurisdic-
tion solemnly lodged by the Constitution in Congress. To hold otherwise would bo
to say that the Constitution may be changed, not in the mode provided in the Con-
stitution for its own amendment, but by an act of Congress setting aside and unllr-

fying it, and overthrowing its supremacy.

• • ♦ # • • »

The Constitution was intended to be an unvarying rule of law for all the States in
all matters of general and national concern, such as are embraced in this bill. The
non-use by Congress of its powers in jinrely local matters, such as harbor pilotage,
the improvement of harbors, the construction of bridges over navigable rivers, the
erection of wharves, piers, docks, etc., and the use of them by the States without
any positive or affirmative permissive action by Congress, present an entirely differ-
ent question from that propounded by this bill, which is a great national question
aft'ecting int.erstate commerce throughout the length and breadth of the coimtry ; and
one, too, upon which Congress from the beginning of the Government to this day

has exercised to the fullest extent its granted powers.

• fr « • • # • .

If inconvenient or vicious in administration the Constitution should be amended,
not violated or evaded.

Whatever is interstate commerce is embraced in the constitutional grant of power
to Congress. Of this there can be no question. Are intoxicating liquors tbe subject

TRATPIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 17

of traffic, of oommerce in tbis conntry f All will answer that they are. TheUi there
being no law which makes traffic in tbem anlawful, it in an inexorable consequence
that when passing throagb the channels of interstate commerce the regulating juris-
diction of Congress attaches to them and is exclusive. This being trne, I hold that
Congress can not ignore, throw off, or abdicate the Jurisdiction. The police powers
of the State about which so much has been said do not eonflict with the powers of
Consress over interstate commerce. The diseased meat, the diseased animal, the dis-
eased man, the infected clothing, the impure and unhealthy food, which the police
laws of the State t>ake hold of, are not. subjects of lawful interstate or other com-
merce— are not protected against State interference for that reason. The State can
not part with her right of defense against dangers to the lives and health of her peo-
ple; and her police powers for these objects beins inalienable and known to the fram-
ers of the Constitution to be so, are necessary and understood exceptions to the grant
of jurisdiction to Congress over interstate commerce. But, Mr. President, for au ar-
ticle of consumption the world over and from the beginning of time, an article of com-
merce in every country in the world — to say that such an article can be suppressed
and excluded from interstate commerce under the police laws of any State, is to go to
an utterly unwarrantable extreme.

• ••••••

The power to regulate commerce is the power to regulate existing commerce — nei-
ther to create nor destroy commerce.

A strict adherence to the Constitution as it is, and an amendment of it in the mode
provided by itaelf when amendment is needed, is our hope for the perpetuation of our
Government with its attendant blessings. The history of the Constitution Bbows that
the most powerful of all the incentives to its formation was a desire to establish and
perpetut e free-trade between the States of the Union, and we should be slow to make
a breach which may be indefinitely widened hereafter in the constitutional wall which
has been built to protect this purpose.

Senator Eastis, from Louisiana, said :

Mr. President, you may use whatever artful or mystifying phraseology you can in-
vent, when you study the effect and the intent aud purpose of this proposed law it is
nothing but to confer a power upon the States — to enable a State to exercise a power
by virtue of your legislation which it has not the right to exercise by virtue of the
Constitution of the United States. The Constitution of the United States confers
npou Congress the power to regulate commerce. That power was transferred by the
States to the Congress of the United .States, transferred without any qualification,
transferred without any reservation whatever. It was as absolute, as uuqualitled,
and as unequivocal a transfer of power as could be made by one sovereignty to an-
other sovereignty.

It was an absolute cession of power to the Congress of the United States by the
States, by which the States declared that in the interest of public peace, in the inter-
est of public order, in the interest of public decorum, in the interest of commercial
fair dealing, commercial justice, and commercial equity, we do not deem it safe, as
among each other and as against each other, to exercise that power which we have
exercised before the adoption of the Constitution of the United States : for that reason,
in the interest of the public good, we transfer that power from ourselves to a central
authority, the Federal Government of the United States. Therefore, Congress has
the exclusive power to regulate commerce among the States.

The expression '* commerce among the States/' like the word '* admiralty,'' for in-
stance, and a hundred other words in the Constitution of the United States, had a
meaning at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, aud it
meant that as to all subjects of commercial dealing, all commercial commodities, all
commercial merchandise, commercial intercourse, and so on, so far as it could exist
as a matter of business or trade or intercourse among the States, that whole question
could only be determined by a regulatiou of commerce by the Congress of the Unite<l
States.

* 4» # • • « «

I am a States-right Democrat of the strictest school, and those powers which the
States reserved and determined that they ought to exercise I am in favor of their ex-
ercising to an unlimited extent; but those powers which they decided for themselves
it «voul(l be unsafe for them to exercise and that they did not want to exercise, and
for that reason transferred them from themselves exclusively to the Oongnjss of thc)
United States. I, for one, am willing that those powers shall coutinua to reside where
they lodged them and where I believe they were safely lodged.

• ••«•••

S. Mis. 217 2

18 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

There are powers which are absolutely and exclaeively vested in the CoDgrefls of the
United States by the States, and the power to regulate commerce is such a x>ower, as
we all know, and as the Supreme Court of the United States has so often declared.
Now, there are powers which were transferred by the States to the Federal Gk>vero-
ment which were not absolutely transferred by the States, but which were trausferred
with a reservatioUy and that is the distinction between that power and the other
powers to which I call attention. For instance, the Constitution provifles :

** No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any imposts or duties on im-
ports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspec-
tion laws, and tne net prodnce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on imports
or exports shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States and all such laws
shall be sublet to the revision and control of the Congress.''

That is to say, the States declare we transfer this power to the Congress of the
United States, but there may be circumstances and conditions when it may be proper
for us to exercise it, and therefore we reserve the right to exercise it subject to yonr
consent. The States did not transfer to Congress the power to regulate commerce
with any reservation that the States should exercise that power with the consent of
Congress, as is proposed by this bill.

So again:

''No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep
troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with
another State, or with a forei^ power, or engage in war, unless actually iuvaded, or
in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay."

The States said, ''We will agree to make no compacts among each other, but we
can obtain the consent of Congress to make compacts with each other, and having
obtained that consent from Congress, we may exercise it, because we reserve the
power to exercise it with the consent of Congress," and therefore Congress can au-
thorize the State of Mississippi and the State of Lonisiana to make compacts with
reference to a general levee system.

So then we see that in every case where it was necessary that the States shonld ex-
ercise a delegated power with the consent of Congress, it was so expressed in the
very terms of the Constitution itself, and when that consent of Congress was not
niatic a condition for the exercise of power, but the States absolutely and uneqniv-
ocally transferred the power to Congress to regulate commerce, where does Congress
get the authority to transfer to the States the power which the States said they
would not reserve and would not exercise f

Mr. Gbairman, I will not take the time to cite the views of Senators
Vest and Morgan and other Senators who argaed also against thecou-
stitutionality of the ^< original package bill,*' but will pass on to what
would be the result in case of its invalidity. On tliis point Senator
Hoar, an advocate of the bill, said :

Mr. President, if this bill be not within the constitutional power of Congress, I
think we must all agree that the condition of the American people ifi regard to this
particular subject is more miserable than that of any other civilized nation on the
face of the earth. I suppose there does not exist a community where men live
together under law where the danger of permitting the unrestricte<l sale of intoxicat-
ing liquor is not recognized and guarded against by public authority.

Unless what we propose or its equivalent can be done, what is the result f The law,
as I understand it, in the United States is this for the present and for all future time
(unless we have a new Constitution in this respect), that any person, a dweller in
another State or in a foreign country, mav through bis own agencies send intoxicat-
ing liquor into anv of the States of this Union, and having selected the kind of pack-
age in which he cliooses to put it he may, by those agencies, deliver it for use to any
citizen of the State or dweller therein ; and that it shall not be competent for any
State authority to prohibit that delivery to a drunken man who has just como from
a frenzy in which he has threatened the life or safety of his wife or children, to a
criminal who desires it to fortify his courage for the commission of a orinie, to a
maniac or idiot whose slender intellect overcome by it will be simply the moving forco
to some arson or murder or assault by which the life and health and safety of innocent
persons are threatened.

Other Senators expressed similar views. Such being the miserable
condition of this American people, should the bill be declared anconsti-
tutional f And since its passage would have no other eflFect than to leave
matters as they were supposed to be before this revolutionary decision
of the Supreme Court, therefore, in either case, an amendment of the

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUOBS. 19

Constitution as provided for iu tbe joint resolution here under consider-
ation is tbe only adequate remedy.

It has been said that Congress has the power to outlaw these i)oison-
ous drinks as articles of interstate and foreign commerce through a law
enacted for that purpose. If so, and that power should be exercised,
still the inhibition ought to be expressed iu the Constitution to insure
permanent protection.

In conclusion, I would respectfully ask; gentlemen of the committees,
in behalf of tbe Woman's Christian Temperance Union, for the return
of the joint resolution to your respective Houses with your reports
thereon favoring proiK)sal of the amendment to the States, which, upon
proposal, will '^ become valid when ratified by the legislatures of three-
fourths of the several States, as provided in the Constitution."

STATEMENT OF DR. C. H. WHITVET.

Mrs. BiTTENBENDEB. Mr. Chairman, I introduce Dr. C. N. Whitney
of Washington, D. C, who will represent in part the Independent Order
of Good Templars, the largest tem|^)erance society in the world. The
doctor is past grand chief templar of the order in the District of Colum-
bia.

Dr. Whitney. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee: As
Mrs. Bitten l)ender has said, I have the honor to represent in part the
Iudei)endent Onler of Good Templars. Wo all remember that the* old-
fashioned ministers used to state what the text did not teach, and then
what it did teach. I very clearly understand that I am not to discuss
the evils of intemperance, nor am I to attempt to show that national
prohibition is desirable and practicable. My simple duty is to state the
position of tbe Independent Order of Good Templars as to national
prohibition.

Preliminary to doing that allow me to remark that this organization
came into existence in 1852. It has spread over the world until it is
established in every civilized country. In this country it has been
thoroughly organizeil in every State ot the Union, every Territory, and
the District of Columbia. We number 200,000 adult members, and we
have under the order an organization of children to the number of about
100,000 members.

Senator Geobge. What is the age— -the line that distinguishes be-
tween adults and children f

Dr. Whitney. The juvenile order generally embraces children under
sixteen years of age. The organization of Good Templars is non-parti-
san and non-sectarian. I submit the platform which was adopted at
tbe beginning, but will not read it.

The Chaibman. The platform will be inserted in the report.

The platform is as follows :

I. Total abstinence from aU intoxicating liqnore as a beyerage.

II. No license, iu any form, under any circumstances, for the sale of liquors to be
used as a beverage.

III. The ah>toJate prohiHiion of the manufacture, importation, and sale of iutoxi-
eating liquors for such purposes ; prohibition by the will of the people, expressed iu
due form of law^ with the penalties deserved for a crime of such enormity.

IV. 'iHic creation of a healthy public opinion upon the subject by the active dissemi-
nation of truth in nil the modes known to enlightened philanthropy.

V. The election of good, honest men to administer the laws.

VI. Persistence in efforts to save individuals and communities* from so drc^adful a
iconrgo against all forms of opposition and difficulties, until onr snccess is complete
and nniversal.

20 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

Dr. Whitney. The ba«is of this platform is total abstineuce ou the
part of the individual, an entire prohibition of the traffic. This organ-
ization is th^ first civic society, if not the only one now existiufi:, which
makes absolutely no distinction on account of seiL. The order through-
out the world has always been in favor of prohibition. I am safe in
saying that there is not a Good Templar in this country who is not in
favor of uatioiKil constitutional prohibition. I have just returned from
attendance upon a national congress of temperance people where the
most diverse views were presented, and it was noticeable that the Good
Templars present were among the most pronounced for national pro-
liibiliou. Wo understand that when prohibition shall have been at-
tained it must be maintaiued by public opinion, and you may be as-
sured the great army of Good Templars will stand by such a law ; and
they are educating the children, who by that time I suppose will be
grown, and they will equally sustain the law.

That is about all I have to say. There are several others to lollow
and I just simply want to state in the briefest manner the attitude of
the great organization of Good Templars on this subject.

Senator GEORaE. Has the national organization of Good Templars
passed a resolution on the subject t

Dr. Whitney. Yes, sir; in favor of national prohibition, but I can
not lay my hand on it now.

Representative PrcKLER. What does your organization number in
the Unired States!

Dr. Whitney. Something over 300,000. I will furnish the commit-
tee with the resolution.

The Chairman. You state that your organization is in every civilized
country. I suppose then it is in every State of the American Union f

Dr. Whitney. Every State and Territory, and the District of Colum-
bia.

Mrs. Bittenbender produced the resolution and read it, as follows:

Bight Worthy Grakd Lodgk, I. O. G. T. (Richmond Convention, 1886). — The onil
for ^%'hich wo aim 18 to neciiro the liighest, the strongest, and the moerpenuaneut prt)-
hibition that can pOHsibly bo had.

In tbo States of tboAmorican Union, this is realized in State and national conati-
tutioiial pix>hibition, secured by amendments to the constitntions of tbo States pro-
hibiting the manufacture and sale of iutoxicatiug liqnors, and an amendment to tho
Constitution of the United States prohibiting the importation, the maunfacture. and
tho saio of such liquors throughout the entire nation; the amendments in all the
States and in tho nation to bo supplemented by legislative enactments to give thorn
force aud eifecfc, to be followed by tho election of oOicers who will see to it that thcKe
prohibitory enactments are thoroughly enforced.

Dr, Whitney. I will supplement that by remarking that the three
hundred thousand and more adult members of the order of Good Tem-
plars do not represent fully the Good Templar sentiment. There are
perhaps five times as many who have at one time or another been
members of the order, but who for one reason and another are not now,
yet the reason for non-affiliation in active membership in the majority
of cases has not been the violation of their personal obligations as to
total abstinance, nor a going back on the principle of prohibition.
Tiiese, too, are with us for national constitutional prohibition.

The Chairman. Could you submit to the committee taking a little
time, and furnish to the stenographer the number in active connection
in your order in the several States and Territories of this country,
making the aggregate.

Dr. Whitney. They can be furnished.

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

Membership of the order of Good Templars in the United States,

Stotes.

AlAbMnA

CaliforuiA •

Colorado

ConnecUont

Delaware

District of CoIambiA

Florida

Georgia

ITIinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kaoaas

Kentaoky

Lake Superior *

Loniaiaua ^

Maine

Maryland

MasHachasetta

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri.

Montana

Nebraska

Members.

•

8.000

1&.000

3,600

8,700

900

988

325

2,325

11,000

1,800

9,500

2,900

2,200

760

200

19,000

2,900

8.800

7,000

3,025

200

10, 500

i,eHK)

9.000

Nevada

New Ilaiupshire

New JcrRoy

New Y"ork

North Carolina .
Noilh Dakota ..

Ohio

Orogon

Pennsylvania...
Khodo Island...
South Carolina .
Sonth Dakota ...

Tennessee

Texas

Vermont

Viifrinia

Washinirton....,
West Virginia..
Wisconsin

JnTeniles

Total

Members.

275

3,RO0

1,800

30,000

l,30a

1,600

7,E00

3, GOO

7,000

GOO

1.200

1.800

2,100

1.500

4,200

13.000

2,500

3,200

18,000

184,488

90,000

274,488

STATEMEHT OF MS. SAMUEL D. HASTIITOS.

Mrs. BiTT£NBEND£B. Mr. Chairmau, I introduce Mr. Samuel B.
Hastings, of Madison, Wis., a Past Right Wortliy Grand Templar of
the I. O. G. T.

Mr. Hastings. Mr. Chairman, I simply wish to make one remark.
The report, of which the passage read was a part, was unanimously
adopted by the R. W. Grand Lodge, representing every lodge through-
out the country, and 10,000 extra copies of the report were ordered to
be printed for circulation. It expresses the exact sentiment of that or-
ganization.

STATEMENT OF MB. W. JENHIirOS DEMOREST.

Mrs. Bitteiibender then introduced Mr. W. Jennings Deinorest, of
New York, president of the National Anti-Nuisance League.

Mr. Demorest. Mr. Chairman, it is with some trepidation that I ap-
I)ear before the representatives ot my country, realizing that to-day^ we
are standing on the verge of the grandest movement that has ever
exercised the minds of the people. I also realize we are now in the
throes of this revolution which involves all the moral and material in-
terests of our nation. I can not restrain my fears, gentlemen, while I
declare some of the anxious thoughts that now pervade my mind as to
the horrors that exist in our country, and mostly brought about through
the toleration and sanction that the liquor tradic gets from our National
Government.

As you know, I came from New York City, where we have slums
that represent a real hell upon earth j the outgrowth of this terrible
curse that is now so fearfully scourging our land. I have also only
recently come from London, where the horrors of the slums of that city
are even worse than we have in New York. I suppose without
knowing very much about it personally, that we have the same
terrible catalogue of crime and wretchedness in Philadelphia, Chicago,
and in nearly all of our large cities. These terrible results caay viV&v^ \^^^

22 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

seen among the miners of Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, and the work-
ingmen all over our otherwise fair country, whose lives are blighted and
their surroundings deluged with crime and poverty, brought about
mainly by this nefarious traffic.

I am reminded that thirty years ago those hills over there [pointing
across the Potomac] were so interesting to us, because of the horrors of
war brought on by the crime of our people on account of slavery. I also
remember that another issue of equal importance is now presented to
the minds and hearts of the people, in which you and I are as deeply in-
volved. This is my country, this is your country, and it becomes us to
examine this question with the greatest possible interest*, and because
of tbe tremendous evils of the liquor traffic be willing to see that the
destiny of our civilization is hanging In the balance, and that it largely
depends upon your action as to whether we get relief from thfs terrible
incubus.

I need not say much more about this aspect of the question, becunse
it is already so well known and understood. There is probably a skele-
ton in every one of your homes. I may say, without fear of being mis-
taken, every one of you personally has had some evidence of the tre-
mendous consequences that follow the train of this terrible serpent,
alcohol.

Eeceut decisions of our Supreme Court on this question have given
us the greatest possible encouragement for the near future. I need not *
repeat them in detail. You must know Tiow very vital and pertinent
they are in their application to the traffic in alcoholic poisons as now
existing. The Supreme Court has, as you know, clearly defined the
liquor traffic as a nuisance, which can and ought to be abated, in the
following words:

We can not shut out of view tbe fact, lii-ithiii the knowledge of all, that the pnblio
health, tbe public morals, and tba public safety may be endangered by the general nae
of intoxicating drinks; nor the fact, established by statistics accossiijle to every one,
that tbe idleness, disorder, pauperism, and crime existing in tbo country are, in some
degree at leatit, traceable to this evil.

The Supreme Court has also declared that 'Mio legislature can bar-
gain away the public health or the public niorals. The people them-
selves cjui not do it, much less their servants." And what is a nuisance,
gentlemen, but something that seriously and injuriously affects your
home and my home and the homes of all the people, besides the heredi-
tary taint that follow f Every interest of our country is jeopanlized
by this enemy, and we stand trembling today to know what is to be
the destiny of our country through want of law, or the perversion of law,
anil the apathy of the people, while these wicked, selfish liquor dealers,
with the allurements of alcoholic beverages, are allowed to blight all
that is true and good and beautiful in our civilization. All regulations
looking to concessions and compromises with this evil are both danger-
ous and deceptive, and this is especially true of a license.

To screen with a license a traffic that is productive of the worst crimes,
besides tending to impoverish the people, is a wicked and traitorous
wrong. No words are too strong or condemnation too severe in de-
nouncing this subserviency to appetite, cupidity, passion, and prejudice
that is involved in a license. And this also includes a perversion of
both equity and law for it is a terrible outrage on our civilization, a
stigma on our morals, and a disgrace to the nation, to sanction with all
the safeguards and forms of law a business that dooms the community to
a flood of crime and pauperism. This is a concentration of viciousness
and the very acme of selfish cupidity. The licensing of this dangerous
and iniqaitoaB traffic is therefore not only a i)olitical blunder but is the

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 23

greatest possible outrage of common sense, common honesty, and com-
mon law, and is without one redeeming feature.

Now, I say to yon fhinkly that I would like to speak to you with
trumpet tones; I would like to ring into your ears the importance of
this occasion, this exigency in th& history of our country in which we are
called upon to meet this evil with a determination to annihilate it. You,
gentlemen, have this terrible evil in your charge. Upon your decision
largely rests the destiny of my country, and I could plead with all the
earnestness that God has inspired me to reach your minds and open
your ears as to the horrors which can be averted by your sagacity and
your recognition of the undeniable facts as they exist. You have but
to go through the community here at Washington to know what the
facts are. They are simply terrible beyond description. This black
pall of alcoholic liquor hangs over our civilization, and according to
your decision our country is to have a grand and glorious future or we
go down to the gloom of death.

Let me repeat to yon, gentlemen, a matter of statistics, which may not
have presented itself to you in your particular line of duty, going tp
show the fact that we have had a terrible accumulation of these evils
occurring through national sanction, and an increased consumption of
this poison of alcohol. According to the census reports in 1862,
2,000,000 barrels of beer were consumed in the United States ; in 1863,
3,000,000 barrels ; in 1864, 4,000,000 barrels; again in 1865, another
million barrels was added to the consumption ; in 1866, another million
barrels of beer. And so, gentlemen, we have gone along until two
years ago we consumed 25,000,000 barrels of beer, an increase of about
twelve times in twenty-five years, and only double in population, and at
the last census there were nearly 2,000,000 more barrels of beer added
to the consumption in the United States.

Gentlemen, were are we drifting ; I ask you.with trembling earnest-
ness, what is to be the final result. These figures alone onght to be
enough to startle the nation with horror. I need not enlarge on this
question to show you the terrible aspect of this beer element, or to show
you how our civilization is now upon the verge of a volcano from whose
crater belch forth a stream of crime and wretchedness, blighting and
blasting our best manhood and dragging us down to a terrible doom of
crime and misery, all brought about by beer. Do not tell us it is
whisky and the strong elements of other alcoholic beverages that we
are to dread. It is through that exciting, that dangerous stufl;' called
beer. The liquor dealers are trying to cheat us with the idea that there
is nourishment in it. It is this delusion, acting as a snare, which is sim-
ply candying the people down as rapidly as it is possible for a nation to
be demoralized. Bemember that last year we consumed nearly 28,000,-
000 barrels of beer. We must stop somewhere. We have got to stop
now or we are doomed to inevitable destruction through the use of this
exciting poison, and I beg of you with all earnestness that I can bring
to bear to stop now, and do what ought to be done and what can be
done to save my country, and to save your country, and to save this
capital, and to save the whole nation from utter annihilation.

True citizenship demands and is entit edto national protection, there-
fore what we want and must have is a national constitutional amend-
ment, that will utterly and effectually banish the manufacture, sale, and
importation of this vile, this awful curse and poison from the laud by
the strong arm of the law faithfully enforced.

I leave this matter with you. You know what we are after. We
must have the utter extinguishment of this poison of alcohol by national

24 TRAFFIC IN Al-COHOLIC LIQUORS.

legislation. The best interests of the people and the very life and vi-
tality of our nation depend upon your action, and I beg you to look njion
this question with all the earnestness and determination you can bring
to bear upon this great curse, to stay this immoral tide of appetite and
passion that is likely to bring on our country a flood of crime and paup-
erism and finally to an awful doom of anarchy and despotism.
, 1 could say many things more, by way of argument, but you are so
familiar with the demonstrations of crime, poverty, and wretchedness
that this traffic has made all around you that it is only necessary that I
should call your attention to them with earnestness, and make our ap-
peal to your intelligent minds and your strong convictions as to the ne-
cessity for immediate national action, and as much as possible to bring
your minds and through you the minds of the peox)le to act wisely and
aggressively upon this great question to save our country from national
demoralization and utter ruin.

STATEMENT OF THE REV. R. B. MUITOER.

•

Mrs. Bittenbender then introduced the Rev. R. D. Hunger, of Water-
loo, N. Y., supreme councilor of the Royal Templars of Temperance.

Mr. MuNGEB. Mr. Chairman, it is not my purpose to make a speech or
to present an argument ; I should find myself unable to do so in the time
allotted, but I wish simply to make a few explanatory statements and
then call upon another member of the order to whom I will give the re-
mainder of my time.

The Royal Templars of Temperance were organized originally in
1870, but permanently in 1872. It is a temperance beneficiary association.
We have a plan of insurance under which we have twenty thousand
insured members in addition to twenty thousand who are not insured.
It is an American institution entirely. I will place in the hands of the
stenographer if desired the exact number of beneficiaries and nou-beoe-
ficiaries for all the States in the Union.

Senator George. If it is an American institution why call it Royal !

Mr. MuNGEB. Because the position we have taken entitles us to roy-
alty. We claim to stand on an equal footing with the best.

The Ohaibm:an. Cpon the ground that every American is a kingt

Mr. MuNGBR. Yes, sir; that is the ground which the American girl
took in Europe when she allowed herself to be called an American prin-
cess. And when it was objected that there were no orders of nobility
in America, she answered : " Very true, there are no orders of nobility
in my country, but I am a daughter of the peophj, and in my land every
man is a sovereign." We take the same ground. Now, if you interrapt
me, gentlemen, it will take my whole time, but, of course, if you wish
to ask questions I will be very glad to answer, but I wish to give as
much of my time as possible to my successor.

We are non-sectarian, non-partisan ; we represent Democracj-, Re-
publicanism, Greenbackism, Woman's Rigbts, and we take Prohibition-
ists if they will sign the pledge ; we represent all phases of Americau
society in that respect, but we are totally, positively, eternally opposed
to the liquor traflic. We have put ourselves squarely upon that plat-
form. Indeed, on the question of temperance legislation, wo have ar-
rayed ourselves side by side with the Independent Order of Good Tem-
plars. The action of the supreme council Royal Templars of Temperance
is as follows :

BelieviDg all laws licensing the manufacture and Bale of intoxicating liqnoi-s as a
beverage to be wrong in principle and false in practice andpemicionsai) an eduoa^
tor of pabJio sentiment : Therefore

TRAFFIC IN ALC0H0LIC"*LIQU0B8. 25

Resolved, That we are unaltorably opposed to all license laws, whether high or low,
and in favor of the complete sappression of the liquor traffic through constitutional
and statu tor v proh i bi t i< >n .

Hero we plant ourselves, upon this rock will wo stand, the complete suppression of
the rum traffic. And standing upon this rock, our temple, well guarded by every
true Templar, shall stand forever.

This was supplemented last year by the following :

Resolved, That tbe complete suppression of the drink traffic is the objective point
of all our labors, and we will be satisfied with nothing less.

I wish to call tbe attention of tbe join t committee to a statement made
by Mr. A. M. Powell, of New York, before tbe Committee on tbe Alcoholic
Liquor Traffic, February 13, 1890, and ask that it be incorporated with
my statement as a reason for desiring tbe total suppression of tbe traffic
in strong drink. Tbe statement is as follows :

The British General Provident Life Insurance Company. They have, or had last
^fay, 42,000 policies^ representing an aggregate of about |55,000,U00 capital ; so you
see they are not an inconsequential bo<ly. You know all insorauoe companies have
JabK's of expectancy, upon which is based their expectations of tbe length of a
person's life. What do tbey show in a period from 18(H) to 1888? That there were
lu this general section 0,51(5 expected deaths. Thoy show as a matter of record that
there oconrred 6,'J19 actual deaths during that period in this general section — a. most
as many actual deaths as was expected, lacking only 197. In the abstainer section
there were expected in that same i>eriod 4,235. There were actually 3,014 deaths,
making a diti'erence of 1,221 ; that is to say, there were 1,221 peoxde who were ex-
pected to die, and acconling to the tables of expectancy ought to have died, but
who did not die. I want you gentlemen to remember that this is not merely a tem-
perance fanatic's notion, as the brewers' journals will tell you, but that it is the bus
iness record of as able a body of financiers as I have the pleasure of knowing, some
of whom arc my personal friends in London. Now, such a case as the honoraolo Mr.
Morse has mentioned in your hearing — the Northwestern Life-lusurauco Company —
I am sure tan be thoroughly substantiated.

Although our order is not as old as the one referred to, yet our ex-
perience bas tbns far fully corroborated these statements. We show a
mncb lower death rate than can be sbown in those insurance coiupanies
wliere no attention bas been paid to tbe personal drink habits of the
persons assured. Our death losses for five years last past were 10,'*^
per 1,000 as against 19J in tbe State of New York.

We feel very anxious to have the position of our order presented in
this light as an evidence of tbe influence of temperance habits on in-
sured people.

The percentage of deaths in total abstinence insurance companies
as compar<»d with other 'enterprises will show very clearly tbat we are
correct in our position.

Why do we ask for constitutional prohibition f

We did not force this question into national politics, but have been
drawn into the strife by tbe stern logic of events. We tried to make
tbe question one of States and local communities, but you must see now
that our only safety is in putting ourselves under tbe protection of the
national Constitution.

The late decision of the Supreme Court bas taught us that there is
no safety to the interests of morality and sobriety in any State enact-
ments.

Tbe question has been asked, will not an act passed by tbe present
Congress meet tbe case and satisfy the demands of the friends of tem-
perance? No, sir. It may for a time give hoped-for relief, but what
assurance have we tbat tbe next Congress may not, either intentionally
or carelessly, undo us again and cause a re-enactment of the scenes
which have lately been witnessed in many Statest No; as I said, tbe
pnly safety which we can hope for is that which puts this very imyvQ^-
8. mis. 4 43

26 TRAFFIC IN ALCOnOLIC LIQUORS.

tant interest beyond the reach of its enemies. The importanoe of this
question can not be overstated. We stand face to face with the great-
est moral qaestion in the political horizon of the closing years of the
nineteenth ceutnry in this coantry. It is great as a personal, ph3^sical,
political, financial, social, and moral qaestion ; and it is a qaestiou
which is before ns to stay. Like Banqao's ghost, it will not down.

There are some things which I would like to say to this committee in
regard to the interstate-commerce law, bat this is not the time to say
them. I will call upon Mr. Niver, who is here to help represent our
order and who will now address you.

STATEMENT OF MR. GEORGE H. VIVER.

Mrs. BiTTENBENDEU. Mr. I^iver, of Seneca Falls, N. Y., is the
lecturer of the Supreme Council of the Royal Templars of Temperancfe.

Mr. I^iVER. Mr, Chairman, and gentlemen of the committee : I am
glad to assist in representing one of the temperance arms in this country
consisting of 40,000 membeis, organized in sixteen States and Terri-
tories, doing mission work. Ilnving had thirteen years experience in
organizing tempernaee work in this country, devoting to it ten months of
the twelve mouths each year for ten years, upon the platform, I have
had the privilege of visiting thousands of homes, and I know a little
of the rising of popular opinion upon this question.

Why, there are thousands of people today in this country who are
taking an interest in the question that would have passed it by five
and ten years ago. This is <iue to the agitation on the par( of these
various organizations, trying to bring about the jsubrai^sion of this
question in some way to our people, that they may have the chance to
see the strength of it and to decide it so that it shall remain for a4l time
in the organic law of our country. We ask that it shall be submitted
upon the guaranty of our Constitution. The people have the right to
assemble peacefully and seek redress for all things that they claim are
a detriment to the i)ubllc welfare. Now, the temperance people of
America have assembled in lodge rooms, in council chambers, in
churches, in school rooms, in State and national conventions, and they
have sought redress year after year. While they h^^vc thus held their
conventions the liquor traffic has grown in the country. Its evils are
coming to be greater every year, and it is becoming stronger every
year. The men engaged in the liquor traffic

Senator Geobge. Do yon mean to say that there is more dmnken-
ness and more intemperance now in proportion to the population than
there was years ago t

Mr. NiVEB. Yes, sir.

Kepreseutative Pickleb. Is not that very largely duo to the fact
that all creation is coming to this country and bringing their drinking
habits with them ?

Mr. NiVEB. Undoubtedly the influx of population from foreign coun-
tries to our shores has something to do with it, and so much the greater
reason when we look out into the future.

Senator Geobge. In the State in which I live, and in which I was
brought up, there was many years ago a great deal of drunkenness, and
on important occasions when the people were assembled there would be
a great many drunken fights. Last summer 1 traveled over large por
tions of Mississippi during the vacation of Congress, and I never saw a
drunken man. I think that so far from Mississippi being worse in this
particular, the reverse is liu^. Th^ vrohibitioniBts and the temperance

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 27

8oeietie» bave produced a pablio sentiment in the State adverse to the
excessive ose of intoxicantB.

Mr. KiYEB. Mississippi (if that be a trne statement) is not alone ;
there are other States.

Ilepresentative Lewis. I want to emphasize wliat our Senator has
stated. I agree with him. I live in the State, I was bom and brought^
up in it, and I want to bear testimony to the fact that there is less'
whisky drunk there now than at any period since its organization as
a State.

Senator George. I would like to state before you go on, in reference
to the remark that all America was about to become drunkards, that
you are very much mistaken. On the contrary, I think the American
people, so far as my observation extends — and it is a pretty large one —
are traveling in the other direction entirely.

Mr. NiVER. The aggregate reports which are on record in this city
show that the number of gallons being manufactured by various fer-
mented and distilled liquor establishments is increasing, and the con-
sumption must go somewhere.

Eepresentative Struble. Is it increasing in proportion to the gro\Yth
of population !

Mr. KiVBR. According to one of the reports furnished by the Hon^
W. F. Switzler, late Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, there were in the
year 1840 71,000,000 gallons of strong drink manufactured, which was
4 gallons per capita. During 1889 we manufactured over 867,000,000
gallons, a per capita of 14.7.

liepreseutative Lewis. Would not the examination of the details of
those statistics show that what the Senator has just stated is true —
that the consum[)tion is very largely or principally in the northern section
of the country, to which this immigration has come, and not true of the
southern section, to which the immigration has not comet

Mr. NiVBR. Undoubtedly.

Senator George. You do not indicate the difiference in gallons
between malt liquors and what we call intoxicants. 1 have no doubt of
this fact, that, so far as my observation goes, there has been a large
increase in the consumption of beer and what we call the mild stimu-
lants, and at the same time a large decrease in the consumption of
whisky and strong stimulanta. I think one has bjBen substituted for
the other.

liepresentative Morse. Do you think that this enormous increase is
consumed by our own people here? Do you not think that in 1840,
when we had only 4 gallons per capita, while now there is the enor-
mous increase which .>ou speak of, would you deem that a great deal
of that is exported from our country, whereas, in 1840, we exported
none?

Mr. NiVER. Some of it is.

Eepresentative Struble. The heathen are being taken care of.
[Laughter.]

Mr. NiVEB. Yes; Africa is being taken care of.

The Chairman. Not so much as is consumed here?

Mr. NiVEB. More of it is consumed in this country. From the most
reliable statistics, the per capita in Chicago was 24 gallons in 1889.

Senator Oeoroe. Per capita of what? What proportion of beer?

Mr. Niyer. Beer, or malt liquor, is the great beverage in this coun-
try. The consumption of malt liquors has doubled eight times since 1860
in the number of gallons manufactured.

Senator George. Do your statistics enable you to answer this c^ea-

28 TBAFPIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

tion : Whether there has been a decrease, in proportion to the popala-
tion, of the consumption in this country of what we call distilled spirits,
whiskey, brandy, rum, etc.?

Mr. NiYEB. There is a diminution in those States where they have
prohibition.

Senator George. But generally in this country — whether there is a
' decrease in the consumption of those vile intoxicants f There has been
an increase in the consumption of beer, as I understand you. I have
been told that a Dutchman can drink all day without getting drunk.

Mr. NiYER. That depends somewhat on the capacity of the person to
resist the influence of alcohol.

Senator George. If you can answer that question, I would like to
have it.

The Chairman. I would say at this point that it has not been inves-
tigated. I had occasion to go over this subject some two or three years
ago, and I made some publication upon it. Taking the fermentecl and
distilled liquors as they were in 1840 and as they were in 1886-'7, and
ascertaining the percentage of alcohol that enters into th^ eoraposition
of these drinks, it is found to be the fact that there is a slight in-
crease in the actual consumption of alcohol per capita in the United
States; but in proportion to the population, there is not much, if any,
increase ; I think there is a diminution in the consumption of distilled
liquors. It is distributed in this milder form, through fermented
drinks. But in its aggregate effect upon the constitution of the people,
alcohol is a poison, and the fact that it is taken in small quantities dis-
tributed through a longer period of time does not, in the opinion of
medical men, lessen its deleterious effects upon the average constitu-
tion of the people of the country.

The Senator speaks of improvement in his State, and in many other
States it ha^ been very marked, while in other places, as in our large
cities, the consumption has increased marvelously as compared with
what it was in those same States in the former period.

Mr. NiVER. Mr. Chairman, we ask the submission of this question in
this way because it will force attention npon this question. It will
bring it before all the States in this Union, and we will have a chance
to see how public opinion stands upon it. By the census of 18G0 there
was a criminal one for every 3,442 ; by the census of 1870 there was a
criminal one for every 1,647, and by the census of 1880 a criminal one
fur every 839, Now, if we keep up that ratio in this country the pres-
ent census will bring us to a criminal one to every 420. Shall we con
tinne that !

There is hardly a supreme court judge that you can find, whether he
be a drinking judge or a temperance judge, who will not say that e!{2:ht-
tenths of the criminal cases brought beforehim are directly or indirectly
due to alcoholic stimulants. Now if that be the case and that raiio shall
continue for the next ten decades as it has in the past three, what will
the proportion be ? In what kind of a condition will our country stand f
Considering it only in a business light, it is known that half of the tax-
ation is caused by crime, and that is putting it xery mild. This traffic
has become a business in this country which stands in such a way that
it is antagonistic to all good and prolific of seven-eightlisof the crime.
As a question of patriotism and as one of economy, the prohibition ques-
tion overshadows everything else that we possible can compare with it.

We recognize that there are other questions before our country for
adjudication concerning the welfare of our people, but if you could rep-
resent them in solid form this morning and bring them in and pile them

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 29

upon this floor so far as they concern the welfare of our country the
8ettliQf2: of this one question alone overshadows everything else. If yon
could assemble all the tax-payers in this country on Pennsylvania ave-
nue and ask each one of them, '< Sir, are you aware of the fact that of
every dollar of tax you pay for State, municipal, and county and other
taxation one-half is caused by the liquoc traffic!" — I mean taking the
whole country, prohibition States as well as others — if you were to ask
them if they recognize the fact that one-half of the money that they pay
for the support of the various branches of the Government would be
kept in their pockets — I have no doubt that seventy-five out of every
hundred would answer the question ^^No."

If we could get this question before the people, with these facts, and to-
morrow morning knock simultaneously at the door of every American
home and show the people of theconntry that the saloons involve such an
expenditure, I have no doubt that a large majority of the homes would
answer that the saloon ought to be abolished and the traffic prohibited.
And if you say, ^^ If that statement be true, why is it that the traffic in
strong drink is not overthrown," it is simply because we are beyond the
right and the wrdng of this question. It is when we dig down deep in
it, that this enormous drink curse startles our people. It is the size of
this question when it is fully understood which startles the people.

The blessings that are to flow from the overthrow of the drink traffic
can not be told. The record that has already been made — and it need
not be repeated here — is sufficient to demonstrate in what propmtion
our country will be benefited when the traffic in strong drink is
abolished.

Senator George. I would like to ask in relation to the statistics
which you have produced here as to crime, which are very startling on
their face, whether this increase in crime has not been almost exclu-
sively in the large cities which have grown up in our country 1

Mr. NiVER. Undoubtedly, to a very large extent.

Senator George. And whether in fact there is not less crime to-day
among the country people in the rural parts of the country, among the
farmers and that class of people, than there ever was before t

Mr. Niter. I could not answer that question, whether there is any
less in the rural districts or not.

Representative Lewis. Fifteen years ago, three weeks were required
to dispose of the criminal docket of our circuit court; that is, to try
ofienders. Now it is disposed of in three days. I account for that upon
the ground of a general moral improvement among the people and a
diminution in the consumption of alcoholic and malt liquors.

Mr. NiVBR. Undoubtedly.

Representative Lewis. Cannot the increase shown by your statis-
tics be accounted for in some measure by the fact that there nre more
crimes made so by the statutes to-day than there were in 1860 1

Mr. NiVER. State that again.

Representative Lewis. At every session of the legislature of every
State some offenses are made criminal which have not been so hereto-
fore.

Mr. NiVER. The statements of our court officers demonstrate that the
proportion of crimes coming from this one source is increasing — from
this one source against which we are contending.

Now, lastly, we ask that this question be submitted in this way so as
to remove it largely from the influences which are being pressed upon
the |)olitic« of the country today, so that it may go before the people in
such a way that it shall relieve from responsibility tho&^^Vi^ ^^^ ^^J^-

30 TEAPPIC m ALCOHOLIC LIQUORa

gaged in public life. We know that the saloon has power in this conn-
try, and I have reasoned sometimes with myself why it is that we can
not, in submitting this question to onr people, have it put before them,
^^ If yon desire the saloon to exist, say so ; if yon do not, say so ; ^ so
that a public maitcouM say to his constituency, ^^ The responsibility is
off my shoulders ; it is a matter for the people ; let them be responsible
for it.''

For every dollar spent for breadstuffs in this country last year we
8i)ent $1.97 in liquor. For every dollar paid in meat we paid |3.37 in
liquor. For every dollar spent in clothing $2.38 were spent for liquor.

Senator Georob. Those are very startling statisti<^, and do not come
within my observation. Where do you get those statistics — that we
drink morci than we eat and pay more for drink than for clothing f
That is not according to any observation I have ever made.

Mr. NiVEB. It shows the proportion of the liquor traffic of our coun-
try, and what a great benetit it would be to our people. If they could
buy better clothes, for instance, there would be so mnch the more money
in the channels of commerce for the advantage of business men. If
the people could have more and better bread at their homes it would
affect the merchants in this line by the increased business.

Senator Geoboe. Your proposition is this : That two or three dol-
lars more are spent for intoxicants than for bread, and for meat, and
for clothing ?

The Chaibman. Do you mean to be understood as saying that there
is more spent for liquor than for meal and clothing and all these neces-
saries of lifet

Mr. NrvEB. Yes, sir. .

The Chaibman. In the proportion that you give t

Mr. NiVEB. Yes, sir; I am ju8t giving them separately.

The Chaibman. That is, the entire consumption of alcohol is twice
and more than twice than what is paid for clotbing?

Representative Stbuble. As a single proposition t

The Chaibman. You compare the expenditure for alcohol with the
expenditure for clothing?

Mr. NiVEB. Yes, sir; $2.38 to $1 for clothing.

The Chaibman. It is how much more than we pay for bread t

Mr. NiVBB, It is $1.97 for liquor to $1 for bread.

The Chaibman. You do not mean to say that we pay more for
alcohol than we do for all these necessaries !

Mr. NiVEB. Oh, no; just three of them.

For education we spend $96,000,000. That was the amount spent
last year, which was $1 for education to $9.37 for strong drink.

For every dollar given for home and foreign missions by the various
religions organizations there were $180.90 for drink.

We put it in dollars because that shows the difference it would bring
to onr country and to the welfare and happiness of our homes, to our
business men, schools and churches, and everything that tends to the
good of our country.

Representative Tatlob. You say that these calculations are made
separately. I want to aggregate them together. The amount ex-
pended annually in the liquor traffic would furnish a market for all the
overproduction in the United States. That is, it would make a market
for more agricultural products, make a market for more products of the
woolen and cotton mills, and increase the price of labor ; so th<'^t we
could actually hear no complaint about overproduction. Is not the
trouble nnder-consumption, and because of this traffic f

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUOBS. 31

' Mr. NiVBB. The panacea for the hard times is the suppression of
the saloon. It is not overproduction but under-consamption.
^ Submit this amendment, and when adopted a£Brmatively it will sup-
press the saloon, and with it will come untold blessings to thoasands of
American homes. More business for our merchants, a greater demand
for labor; a larger market for food products, the better education of
thousands of children, and a universally higher appreciation for the
Sabbath.

STATEMENT OP MR. JOHH LLOTB THOMAS.

Mrs, Bittenbender introduced Mr. John Lloyd Thomas, of New York
City, Secretary of the National Prohibition Executive Committee, and
representing also the National Young Men's Prohibitory League and
the National Prohibition Press Association.

Mr. Thomas. Mr. Ohairman and gentlemen of the committee, as citi-
zens of thi&country we recognize the need of constitutional anchorages
and the wisdom of the fathers in compelling deliberate and thoughtful
action before their enlargement; but we remember that some of the
original States ratified that Constitution only because they regarded it
as an unfinished instrument, and because they were afforded ample
guaranty that it should be added to and amended to fit the changing
needs of a growing civilization. The instrument itself gives this
guaranty, that the people, through their several States, could enlarge
upon it, could amend it as our changing civilization made necessary.
A Senate committee reported not manv years ago to the Senate that
<*such changes are made indispensable by the development of the na-
tion," and I am glad to quote the words of the Committee on Education
and Labor, made, in that report to the Senate, in 1888 :

The nialority of the committee would deem a refusal to submit the proposed amend-
ment t<) the States for consideration analof^ons to the denial of the right of a party
to be heard in conrt upon a question of private right. The method provided in the
Constitution for its own peaceful amendment would be destroyed by failure to sub-
mit the proposition for amendment in cases of grave moment involvin/y^ the approval
and prayers of multitudes of the people, for where the remedy sought is admitted to
be without the jurisdiction of the fundamental law, the petition is really addressed
to the only tribunal which can enlarge that Jurisdiction, that is to say, to the States
themselves. Should, then, Congress in such case refuse to submit the proposal to
the states, such refusal would constitute a substantial denial of the right of petition
itself.

Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, that report of this Committee on Edu-
cation and Labor has been indorsed and approved by every national
temperance society in the United States of America, with the exception
of one of small numbers and influence.

It is true that the Constitution has thus far been amended only ^^ in
cases of grave moment," as suggested by this committee, and it would
not be well to propose another change in the Constitution unless the
case were one of the gravest possible moment, and such a case as ab-
solutely demanded constitutional and national treatment

It has been made clear that this is a matter of great moment. The
United States Supreme Court, beyond which there is no higher authority
in this nation, declared —

We can not shut out of view the fact, within the knowledge of all, that the public
health, the public morals, and the public safety may be endangered by the general
use of intoxicating drinks; nor the fact, established by statistics aceesRible to every
one, that the idleness, disorder, pauperism, and crime existing in the country are, ia
some degree at least, traceable to this eviL

82 TEAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

A Senate committee — I think it wa^s this same Committee on EdacaF
tion and Labor — has branded this intoxicating liquor trafiSc as *'^ttke
chief curse of the world." Our friend, Mr. Ni ver, of the Boyal Templafs
of Temperance, has referred |:o the testimony of distinguished jurists
of all parties and countries upon this question. Statesmen have de-
clared upon it, English, French, and American. Commerce has put its
brand upon the traific as the greatest robber of industry, and the one
great cause above all others of overproduction (so called), and the
hard times and stagnation that curses the country, really from an
under consumption of the products of labor brought about by this di aiii.

What say the masses, who feel the evil first, and from experience as
well as observation, can testify to its consequences t The churches of
America, perhaps more than any other single organization, represent
these masses, and every evangelical church in the United States has
declared that the liquor traffic is the greatest of all obstacles in -the prog-
ress of civilization, and nearly all of them have declared for national
constitutional prohibition as the remedy for the evil.

The voice of labor has been heard upon this question. It has been
voiced by their leaders in all branches of the labor organizations.
Some little time ago, 1 remember, a journal of New York, in speaking of
the labor troubles, said, " If you would put a stop to strikes and boy-
cotts and the conflicts incessant between labor and capital, put a plaster
over the mouth of the labor demagogue." And wisely and well did a
leading labor reformer of this country retort, " If you would put an eml
to strikes and boycotts, and the conflicts between labor and csvpital, put
a plaster over the door of the American dram-shop."

The Farmers' Alliances, the Gfrangers, and such organizations of dif-
ferent kinds that touch the rural population have declared again and
again upon this question. I was glad to note that the organization in
South Dakota has declared for the prohibition of the liquor traffic in
the interest of fiirmers. In fact they are elaborating in their platform
that epitome which an old farmer uttered when asked, " What will you
do with your corn if the distilleries are closed !" He replied, '* We will
raise more hogs and less hell in this country!"

I believe that the very fact that the Congress of the United States
has beeu dealing with this question again and again and continuously
for years proves that our lawmakers themselves regard this matter as
one of grave consequence, and one demanding national treatment as
absolutely essential.

The question then arises, how shall it be treated f Granted that it is
a matter of grave consequence, is national constitutional action neces-
sary I Until sonie recent decisions of the United States Supreme Court
we might have said that national constitutional treatment was desir-
able; so migiitily desirable as to justify such treatment, but in view of
those recent decisions we may well say that it is proven now that na-
tional constitutional treatment is absolutely essential to the settlement
of this question, and to give the States the proper protection that they
should have against the evil.

Kepresentiitive Stiiuble. If Congress shall pass a law which meets
the recent decision known as the original-package decision, will not that
ati'ord a remedy sufficient f

Mr. Thomas. If you will allow me, I will touch upon that a little later
in answer to some questions that have already been asked. If I fail to
do so I shall be glad if you will call my attention to it.

I represent, gentlemen, the National Prohibition Press Association,
and an orgailization of young men who are coming to the front and

TBAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 33

depositing tbeir ballots with reference mainly to this great question.
The National Prohibition Party is constituted of men who were as ardent
Republicans, Democrats, Greenbackers, perhaps, as any here. They
have not organized a party because they enjoy it. They have not gone
into such an organization thoughtlessly or indifferently, but because
that organization, numbering now 300,000 voters and growing constantly
believes that this traffic is the great curse of the age and that the Gov-
ernment must crush it or be crushed.

The Independent Order of Gk)od Templare believes the same thing-
Kearly three hundred secular journals, besides religious journals, are
teaching this same doctrine.

I came here yesterday from a national temperance congress in New
York, composed of representatives of all shades of the temperance senti-
ment in this country, representing all parties and all sectioni<( from Cali-
fornia and Texas up to the State of Maiiie. By the provisions of the
call, that congress was prohibited from discussing or considering any
resolutions upon this temperance question ; but, gentlemen, the spirit
of that congress can bo demonstrated by the fact that in less than half
an hour the night before last they raised $1,000 to fight the battle in
Nebraska of State and national constitutional prohibition as against
high license. Those are resolutions which can well represent the tem-
perance sentiment of the community.

We would ask you to note that these gentlemen who are represent-
ing these different societies in this hearing are specialists upon the
temperance question. They have given the matter not onlj life-long
study, but some of them have given lifelong work. They are experts
on the tem])erance and liquor questions.

Representative Pickleb. Is there any temperance organization in
the country that advocates high license as the best means for the sup-
pression of the liquor traffic f

Mr. Thomas. One, sir. The Church Temperance Society has made
such a declaration in ditferent ways. So far as I am informed that is
the only onoi

Mrs, BiTTENBENDEU. That is the only one.

Mr. Thomas. The evils of the liquoi traffic are recognized. The need
of legislation is universally conceded. All present laws, under which
the evil has thrived, were intended to curb and diminish it. I think all
the legislation of Congress and of the different States and the munici-
palities have been made in order to diminish the crime rather than to
help it, and still it has thrived. We believe that you are anxious to deal
with this question intelligently and honestly and in the interests of the
general good. If so, why not in this matter as in all other matters, con-
sult and consider expert opinion ?

It* t he honorable gentlemen of Congress were dealing with a mine-in-
spection liw, you would consult miners and engineers rather than the
importers of notions and dry goods, and auctioneers. If the legislators
of our State were considering an electrocution measure, they would con-
sult electrical experts rather than the criminals themselves, or the in-
different masses. It seems to us, gentlemen, that in dealing with thiti
so-called temperance problem, but really the liquor-traffic problem, it
would be equally reasonable for the people of the country to expect the
committee and Congress to consult expert opinion upon the subject
rather than indifferent spectators, dilletanto students or, the liquor
dealers themselves, who are financially interested and biased.

IJut you say we also may be biased. Wo might reply that liquor

S. Mis. 217 3

34 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

dealers are the only ones financially biased. But we submit argument.
Wby should constitutional treatment bo necessary !

First, if you will recall, many people thought slavery was unconstitu-
tional, even under the original document. But slavery was recognized
under that document, and laws were enacted sanctioning and sustain-
ing and regulating it; and therefore, whether valid and legal or not
under that original document, it required constitutional treatment, are-
declaration, if you like, of the nation's will, or a new and clear declara-
tion of the attitude of the National Government to set it right. In
the same manner some believe — there are gentlemen in this room even.
I think, who believe it — that under the present Constitution of the
United States the liquor traffic is illegal, that it has no legal standing,
that every liquor license and every liquor revenue law upon the statnie-
books is unconstitutional. They so believe, but we bear in mind Ihiit
the evil has been recognized, tacitly at least, under the existing docu-
ment, and because it is recognized and because it is thriving under
this original document, license and revenue laws justified by it, we re-
quire constitutional aotion and constitutional declaration in order to
declare the changed attitude of the National Government towards the
traffic

The question was asked of Mr. Nivci" by the Senator from Mississippi
(Mr. George), 1 believe, in regard to the diminution of the drink habit
in several States. It is true, gentlemen, that the drink h<abit has dimin-
ished in several States. In many sections of this country ther^ is not
so much liquor drunk per capita by the people as there was forty or thirty
years ago; but it is equally true that the consumption and the evils
flowing ftx)m the drink traffic and drink habit are greater in the Union
today than they ever were before, and that is another argument for the
national constitutional treatment of this question.

The people of Mississippi drink less to-day than they did forty years
ago, yet the people of Mississippi suffer more to day because of the
liquor traffic than they did forty years ago. It costs them more to-day
because of the liquor traffic than it did forty years ago. The same may
be said of nearly every Southern State and of some States in the West^
And why do they suffer more! They are moi'c cursed because of the
clustering of this drink habit in the large and powerful and populous
centers of the North, which overcrowd and overshadow and control in
legislation and out of legislation all of these other sections which do
not want the drink traffic and that are not addicted to the drink habit.
For their protection we ask that these elements in our large cities of
the North shall be restrained by national constitutional treatment from
imposing cost and injury upon sections which do not join in the vice of
drunkenness and from sinking the nation as a whole in the gulf of local
debauchery.

Why deal with this particular thing, the drink traffic, differently from
what yon deal with other crimes, is a question that has been asked.
Why deal with the liquor traffic by national constitutional action, and
not with murder, with horse-stealing, and crimes of a similar character f
First. Because the crimes are not of a similar character. ^ As our friend,
Mrs. Bittenbender, has proven to yon, they are of a difi'erent character
entirely. One is an individual wrongful act, the other is an net of com-
merce. One is an act with which individuals are concerned, the evils
of which are mainly, if not altogether, felt by the individual ; the other
is an act by which all the community and all the nation are afiTected,
and affected injuriously.

But another reason might be advanced. If munler or horse-stealing

TBAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUOBS. 35

had been recognized under the original declaration of the Gonstitution, "^
if enactments had been passed for years by the National Government
and by the several States, recognizing murder and horse-stealing and
othec crimes as legitimate, iis things to be taxed, as things to be regu-
lated, as things to be permitted under certain conditions, then I sub-
mit that constitutional action would be necessary with respect to mur-
der and horse-stealing and these other crimes, in order to declare to the
people of the country, to the diiferent States in the country, to the legis-
lative bodies of the Union, and to all future ages, that the attitude of
the Government towards those crimes was changed, that instead of
things to be legalized under certain circumstances they were things to
be outlawed and prohibited under all circumstances.

Another point — lam afraid I am taking up too much time; if so, I
must ask pardon.

Mrs. BiTTENBKNDBR. Go ou ; you represent three organizations.

Mr. Thomas. The objection has been rained, would it not necessitate
an imprudent exercise of the power of the National Government to en-
force such a National Constitution ? We answer no. There is not so
much to apprehend from this a« there was in the case where an entire
section of the nation was specially interested in a subject treated by a
previous amendment to the National Gonstitution. In the matter of
the liquor traffic, gentlemen, the States would enforce the prohibitory
laws instead of being crippled and hampered as now by the position of
the Federal Government.

Fourth. Do not recent votes indicate that the people do not want con-
stitutional prohibition t Do not the defeats of the constitutional
amendments in some of the States of the Union recently indicate that
the people are not ready and do not want this question submitted, and
are not prepared to vote favorably and intelligently upon it t To that
again we answer no.

That an analysis of the vote cast upon this question in the several
States would show that if the votes in almost if not all of those Stares
polled in favor of constitutional prohibition were cast for candidates
for the legislature who would be expected to ratify an amendment to
the National Gonstitution, such an aioendment would be ratified in the
very States in which the State constitutional amendments have been
defeated, they having been defeated by tremendous majorities in largo
cities overcoming the many smaller majorities in the legislative districts.

Representative Mobse. You represent the National Prohibitory party,
as I understand t

Mr. Thomas. Yes, sir.

Eepresentative Mobse. Now, will you explain the consistency of
your party doing your level best against such men as Messrs. Pickler,
and Blair, and Taylor, by running separate candidates against them as
party prohibitionists !

Mr. Thomas. Nothing wou(d piease me better than to get such a
statement in the report of this committee ; but it is not pertinent to the
question.

Bepresentative Mobse. It js very pHertinent.

The Ohaibman. Answer any question that is put to you, if you are
disposed to do so. You shall have your time, and it will go on the
record.

Mr. l^OMAS. I am afraid 1 shad occupy the time of others, as well
as my own.

Bepresentative Piokleb. That is the main argument against your
party.

36 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

Mr. Thomas. We are not here to answer arguments against tbe party.
It we were here for that pnrpose, 1 should be delighted to stand up for
an hour or two.

The Chairman. You are here to enlighten the committee. The.com-
mittee wants all the light It can get.

Representative Morse. Let me state my question a little more pre-
cisely. A convention whether of the Republican or Democratic party
sets up a man like Mr. Pickler, who is a prohibitionist, and your party
puts up a man in opposition, and tells its adherents that it is their duty
to vote for the third-party candidate. I want you to explain the con-
sistency of such action.

Mr. Thomas. As a matter of fact — and Mr. Pickler will bear me out —
the Prohibition party did not nominate a candidate against Mr. Pickler,
hailing with gratitude the fact that the Republican party in Dakota had
come over to the prohibition position, had become a prohibition party,
and had put a representative of our principles in nomination.

Representative Pickler. That is true.

Representative Struble. I am glad to give my evidence at this point
I have been a prohibitionist all my life. I have been working on that
line. I am one who had the good fortune to have his house fired by
reason of his relations to the liquor trafdc. Nevertheless, at the last
Congressional election the Prohibition party in my district put up a
presiding elder of the Methoclist church against me for Congress. He
did not get many votes, to be sure, but they put him up and he carried
about (lOO or 700 votes.

Mr. Thomas. A brief reply to that might be this : That the Prohibi-
tionists do so because they recognize that with all the good wishes and
intentions of the Hon. Senator Blair, who since 1876 has worked for
these prohibitory amendments and prohibitory laws, and with all the
good intentions of those other gentlemen who do so, their hands are
tied. They have been thus far absolutely powerless to secure the legis-
lation they wanted, because tbe powef of the party that they belonged
to was opposed to them, and because if these gentlemen were to make
it a matter in respect to which their party should caucus, if they should
force the matter upon their caucuses, there is great reason to fear that
the Southera Senators and Representatives who also have worked zeal-
ously for prohibition and whose votes would be needed to carry the
question over the opposition of members of their party would not com-
bine with them to secure that desirable result.

Representative Sawyer. In my State of New York the legislature
has just passed a law submitting the constitutional prohibition question
to the vote of the people. Now, according to the advices 1 get front
home, the leading prohibitionists there are opposing the constitutioonl
amendment and declaring that they will not support it. I merely asked
to know whether I am correctly informed.

Mr. Thomas. Will you kindly name a single one of these '* lead-
ing prohibitionists."

Representative Bawter. I can not name the men now, because I
did not attach enough importance to the matter to treasure up their
names.

Mr. Thomas. I am very glad to answer the question. Nothing could
be further from the truth. A week before the legislature submittecl
that constitutional amendment the executive committee of the National
Prohibition party met in Binghamton and the State central commit-
tee decided to use all the machinery of the party in the State in support
of the constitutional amendment; and although serious doubts exist na

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUOBS. 37

to the good faith and certainty of subinissiou, the National Prohibitioa
committee has already apprbpriated $1,000 for a specific purpose in the
agitation and carrying of that measure. *

Representative Pioklbb. The third party in South Dakota did ail
they could for it.

Mr. Thomas. The third party in all the States have done ail that
they could for prohibition.

Representative Morse. Except to vote for a candidate for Congress
who was a x>rphibitionist. Allow me to give my experience, although
I did not want to give it. I have been known in my State as a railical
prohibitionist for a good many years. The people of the Second district
nominated me for Congress, and the Massachusetts Liquor League
poured out their money freely to beat me, knowing my position upon
the temperance question. Our third party put up a candidate against
me. To be sure be got but few votes.

Mr. Thomas. Less than the party strength !

Bepreseutative Morse. Yes; he did get less than the jiarty strength,
but the principle was there, and some of the leaders announced it as
part of the plan of the prohibitionists of the Second district *' to do all
they could to beat Mr. Morse, ^' on the ground that they must " vote a«
they prayed and stand up to be counted."

Mr. Thomas. It is hardly correct to say they did all they could to do-
feat him, when his opponent polled less than the party strength. I
would like to ask the gentleman from Massachusetts (if I may be
allowed to ask a question) if he makes that statement to influence
adversely the action of the committee in the matter of this pending
question?

Eepresentativo Morse. I am in favor of results ; and when a i^an says
that he is for constitutional prohibition and wants the Congress of the
United States to enact constitutional prohibition for all the States, I
want him to vote on that line ', and when the Kepublicans put up a man
like Senator Blair and the Democrats put up a man like Eepresentative
Lewis, I want the prohibitionists to be consistent and vote for that man
who will vote for their principles in Congress.

Mr. Thomas. I assure you that in every solitary case the prohibition-
ists icill vote for that man, or tor a man equally decided upon the ques-
tion, and backed by a party thoroughly committed to his support.

Bepreseutative Taylor. I have been a prohibitionist all my life, and
I have spoken for prohibition in almost every church and school- house
in my district. In 1884, 1 was gerrymandered into a Democratic dis-
trict about 1,600 or 2,000 strong. I made the rac(^, and a great many
of the other party people proposed to vote for me (and did vote for
me) ; nevertheless, the third party put a candidate in the field to run
against me. I was only beaten 216 votes. When it became known at
headquarters that a good many prohibitionists in my district were
going to vote for me, they sent a speaker to canvass my district, and
insisted that it was the duty of every prohibitionist to vote for their
own candidate and maintain the integrity of the third parly, whereas
I could have been elected if they had given me their support and influ-
ence.

Mr. Thomas. If Mr. Taylor had brought that as an argument against
this pending question, I should consider it my duty to answer it, but I
do not think he presents it for that purpose.

Ilepresentative Taylor. I must give the prohibitionists the credit
that most of them voted for me.

38 TBAFPIC IN iXiCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

Mrs. BiTTENBENDEB. This is a non-partisan movement, and we favor
this measure just as Mr. Taylor does, who is a good Bepablican.

Mr.TATLOR: I do.

Mr. Thomas. Mr. Chairman, permit me. to answer the question put to
me by the gentleman from Ohio.

We hail with satisfaction the efiorts of members in both branches of
Congress \vho will vote to pass a law similar to the Wilson Senate bill.
But the decision of the Supreme Court, recently made in the ^^ original
package case," shows the necessity for national constitutional prohibi-
tion in order to avoid involving the Federal Government in a clash with
the State governments in the enforcement of the principle.

Bepresentative Tatlob. If you put it in the Constitution neither
Congress nor a State could change it by any statute.

Etepresentative Lewis. 1 have been referred to as a prohibitionist. I
do not want to put in a long statement, but I am not a prohibitionist.
I am in favor of temperance, and I want to say that the diminution of
crime and the moral improvement in Mississippi, as mentioned by my
Senator [Mr. Gheorge] and corroborated by myself, has been achieved
under what is known as ^< the local-option law." I am opposed to drink-
ing liquor and I am opposed to the sale of liquor, but 1 am not a pro-
hibitionist. I believe that this question should be decided by a majority
of the people in the various localities of the country.

A Member. That is prohibition.

Mr. Thomas. Do you believe that your people should be compelled
to bear the expenses forced upon you by the drinking habits in the ad-
joining States T

Eepresentative Lewis. What is thatt

Bepresentative Piokleb,.. I am a prohibitionist, both State and na-
tional. Can this question be discussed in this country for any length
of time, unless we all become prohibitionists or all in favor of license;
and which of the two are we going to become t

A Member. I understand that everybody is in favor of license.'

Senator George. 1 should like to ask a single question— only a
question of fact. I have the impression ^I do not know whether it is
correct or not — that several years ago the Stateof Rhode Island amended
her State constitution by making it prohibitory, and also that the legis-
lature recently submitted another amendment, striking out the former.
1 waut to know whether this last amendment carried t

Mr. Thomas. It did.

Senator George. It is a fact in regard to Rhode Island that it tried
the experiment of prohibition by a constitutional amendment, tried it
a little while and then retraced its steps. Is that the factt

Mr. Thomas. There are two facts that are interesting in this connec-
tion. Maine had statuary prohibition for thirty years and then adopted
the prohibitory amendment. Every political party in Maine indorses it,
and even the last Democratic convention defeated a weak effort to
attack that constitutional prohibition. Rhode Island did try it for a year
and a h<alf, and they were so hindered, handicapped, and thwarted by
the Federal authority that in a spasm of thoughtless wrath and disgust
they gave it up. They are heartily sorry for it to-day. And this is an-
other strong plea for national action, which will help the State, instead
of as now crippling her.

Senator George. I understand that constitutional prohibition was
submitted in New Hampshire a year or two ago and was voted down by
a considerable majority t

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOUC LIQUORS. 39

Mr. Thomas. Yes, sir. Bat Senator Blair can inform yoa that the
Federally protected brewery owned by Frank Jones had mach to do with
the defeat.

Senator George. 1 understand that a similar proposition was sub-
mitted in the State of Pennsylvania a year or two ago and was voted
down by probably a hundred thousand majority. Is that a fact T

Mr. Thomas. Yes, sir.

Kepreseutative Pigkler. Did the State of Pennsylvania haveasquare
ibsueou the question of prohibitionf Did not they compare that with
some other law t

Mr. Thomas. Yes, sir; with a law which is to day absolutely worth-
less because of the attitude of the Federal Government, namely, the
Brookes, or so-called hig^h license Law.

The Chairman. I think we might say this, that prohibition in the
States has been found to be almost impossible of execution against the
opposition that is met in the recognition of the traffic by the Federal
power. 1 dp not believe any State will ever effectuate the prohibitory
reform until the nation withdraws its practical opposition by some such
measure as is now proposed.

Senator George. What has become of the Wilson bill T

The Chairman. That will leave us where we were before.

STATEMENTS OF MB. OEOBOE MAT POWELL.

Mrs. BiTTBNBENDER. Mr. Chairman, I introduce Mr. George May
Powell, of Philadelphia, Pa., president of the Arbitration Council, which
is a national and also an international body representing the interests
of peace, especially between labor and capital.

Mr. Powell said : Mr. Chairman, I offer as a reason in favor of this
Constitutional amendment what I know tbebest of you will justly con-
sider— compared to other reasons presented here — a mean argument;
mean because a material argument on a subject of highest moral moment.

In aiding to secure common sense settlements of troubles between labor
and capital, and in preventing these troubles from arising, we have to deal
with matters involving hundreds of millions of dollars a year. Experi-
ences along these lines of effort satisfy us that if the money spent on
intoxicants was spent for the honest and useful products of labor and
capital, friction between labor and capital would be incalculably re-
lieved, and both would be more prosperous. "Hard times'' woukl
measurably become an obsolete term, and the business stagnation now
vexing our commercial and industrial operations mitigated.

We have come to see that mercenary arguments, in this "almighty
dollar" age, will be the most efficient that can be advanced. When,
therefore, the mercenary argument is most efficient in advancing moral
ends, the mercenary, mean though it be, becomes the highest order of
ethic force.

For the purpose of brevity, I will ask the reporter to place in his re-
port a memorial, presented at our suggestion by Senator Piyc on the
2d day of April, 1889, and published in the Congressional Record of
the following day. I ask that this be placed in full upon the record,
because we consider it is the essence of the whole subject in this phase
of its presentation. That memorial is as follows :

Whereas the best interests of labor and capital demand the abatement of liindrauces
to their prosperity ; and

Whereas fact and philosophy show that their greatest incubus is the waste of hun-
dreds of millions of dolhurs annaally in intoxicants, which, if spent in houean ^^Q!(i>&K.\}^

40 TKAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

c»f labor and capital, would prove undor-cousumption instead of over-prodaotiou to
be the financial and industrial trouble of our country, every $100 of borne beverage
trade in intoxicants kilHug tbounands of dollars of boucst employment of labor and
capital, and the same ratio of commercial min and death applying to liquor export,
every |100 worth of which sent to African and other barbarous and semi-civilized
people ruining thousands of dollars' worth of trade in products of American farmers,
mechanics, and merchants.

Therefore, the United States Congress is hereby respectfully memorializod to au-
thorize the Dexiartniout of Labor to iuvestigate the above indictment of manufactur-
ers of and dealers in and exporters of intoxicants, as the great financial enemies of
every producer on American farms, or in forests, mines, fisheries, or other honest
skilled industries, of every stockholder in legitimate financial or manufacturing or
exporting concerns, or in carrying and distributing trades on land or sea, and of all
who earn or jiay honest wages.

After having bad sometbiug to do with successfully trying to settle
some of t4ie80 labor troubles from Maine to California I have become
satisfied that liquor traffic, as malccouomic force, is at the foundation
ot labor troubles more than all other forces combined.

You know that accordhig to some figures which the so-called ** tem-
perance cranks '' throw out, $900,000,000 a year is said to be spent by
the people of our country for drink. I ha.ve had some experience as a
Government statistjcan in the Treasury Depfirtment, which has been of
service in examining figures in this line, and I have become satisfied
that $900,000,000 can be demonstrated by a pretty fair analysis of the
GQvernment customs and internal-revenue returns, satisfied, however,
that that sum represents what is spent for approximately pure liquor
for drinking purposes.

Jf you please, discount that $900,000,000 and throw out $200,000,000;
the $700,000,000 loft represents what is considered pure liquor. But
there is hardly a policeman in one of our large cities who does not know
that more than three-fourths of the liquor sold over the average bars of
the country is not pure liquor. Ex-saloon men whom we have cross-
questioned on this subject report the pure liquor at one-seventh, and
some as low a« one tenth of the entire retail sales. Therefore, make
your own figures, if you please, and you will see that $900,000,000 falls
far short of the annual retJiil liquor bill paid by the ]»eople of America.
Drop this stupendous sum from the amount that should U) coursing
through healthy channels of commercial and industrial operations, and
you will see what is the chief cause of stagnation in the legitimate and
equitable business of this country.

This point is plausibly sinswered by saying, " The money spent for
intoxicants is thus put in active circulation, and so prevents instead of
creates hard times." The answer is more plausible than accurate. The
pickpocket takes $100 from the pocket of an honest man who is going
home at night ; that money is put in circulation. But it is circulatiug
in dens of shame and crime. The next day it would have been circu-
lating among working men for their wages, or the merchant for dry
goods instead of " wet gootls." It is transferred from healthy to uii-
healthy circuLation, and harms instead of helps the true interests of
labor and capital. Consequently it would have been better for hibor
and capital if that $100 had been sunk ** where the sea is deepest.''
That hundred dollars is a type of money worse than sunk in retail trade
in intoxicants.

A few days ago I was in Boston, conversing with an old friend who
is an art dealer. He said they were not selling nearly as many fine pict-
ures as usual. I told him *' the liquor business is causing the trouble.'^
"Nonsense,'' he replied, "those who buy high priced picture* can pay
for their own liquor, and still buy such pictures." I answered, " very

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 41

true, but the man who usually buys the picture may be a wholesale
shoe manufacturer. Hundreds of little stores scattered across the con-
tinent which retail his goods are the springs that feed the iinaucial
stream in which his income is aggregated. Dry up these springs as they
are being dried because people who should buy boots and «hoes for
themselves and their families are spending the money for intoxicants,
and that makes the shoe manufacturer feel too poor to buy pictures.
Thus it comes home to you in your picture trade."

In a little country town where through local option they had approx-
imate prohibition, the liquor business was pretty well dried up. One
result was the legitimate retail merchant's trade was increased $5,000
per week. Blacksmiths and other mechanics, and farmers around there,
had thereby a corresponding increase also in their income.

You remember Agassiz said, in substance, ^'show me the scale of a
fish and from its structure I will build up an accurate model of the fish
from which it came.''

In each of these illustrations of the politic economic of trade in intox-
icants we have the scale of a fish which is destroying vast interests of
labor and capital, more, in fact, than all other enemies they have com-
bined.

Senator Payne said : Our time is very limited, and I suggest whether
our friends will not be kind enough to tell us in what way Congress can
interfere. The si^eech which the gentleman is making is hardly adapted
to enlighten the committee.

Mr. Powell replied : If you please, Mr. Chairman, it seems to us
that an argument which involves billions of dollars a year in the ciwrent
business of onr people is pertinent to the proposed constitutional amend •
nient under consideration. No other subject can be found which is
more vital to labor, and to both rixed and floating capital. I do not
need, however, to take more of your valuable time on this interesting
occasion.

Senator Payne. If you will point out some method by which we can
be of use a« a Congressional body there would bo some sense in it. The
urgnment which you are presenting would be very well for a miscella-
neous crowd but it is hardly adapted to show ua what we want to know.
I would like to know whether you, as an organization, have <!0utidence
in either of the political parties to day, that they will bring about what
you desire t

Mrs. Bittenbender. No, sir; we have not. We are working with
all political parties through a non-partisan movement. We do not be-
lieve it is possible for one political party to bring about what we desire,
since it requires the concurrence of two thirds of each House of Con-
gress to propose a constitutional amendment, and its ratification by the
legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, to make it valid^ No
poIitiCiU party has votes enough to amend the Constitution of the
United States. Therefore, to be successful, we must pursue tLe non-
partisan plan, which we are doing. We represent here to-day the
entire temperance element of the couutr}' in all the political parties and
in all of the temperance organizations

Senator Payne. You do not ask either of the political parties to aid
yout

Mrs. Bittenbender. We are not asking one political party to aid
us to the exclusion of any other. Rather are we a-sking aid from all
political parties.

Senator Payne. I merely made the suggestion.

Mr. Powell. I might possibly answer some questions, but I do not

S. iHis. 4 — 44

42 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

wish to take the time. We consider this $900,000,000 of capital as the
cause of the troubles between labor and capital and it is on account of
this that we demand the submission and ratification of the amendment

STATEMEHT OF W. MABTIH JOlfES.

Mrs. Bittenbender introduced Mr. W. Martin Jonbs, right worthy
grand treasurer of the right worthy grand lodge of the Independent
Order of Good Templars.

Mr. Jon^s. Mr. Chairman, the question that is presented to this com-
mittee, 1 think, is simply this : Whether there is a demand from the
people of this country today for the submission of the amendment as
proposed by this joint resolution. 1 do not believe that it is essential
that we should enter into any argument here as to the evils of intemper-
ance. I think that these evils are recognized. It is not the question
as to what party will do this. One of the gentlemen asks upon what
party we may rely or whether we expect to rely upon any political
party. By no means. This is entirely non-partisan. We come here
representing different organizations.

I come here to day to speak for several hundred thousand good tem-
plars in this country ; and in their behalf, with their voice, I ask that
you shall submit to the voters of this country and the States, as pro-
vided by the Constitution, the amendment proposed by the joint reso-
lution. It seems to me that the real question here is, is there sufficient
feeliifg in this matter to demand attention from this Congress t

Some of the gentlemen who have preceded me have stated the mem-
bership of the Good Templar Order, which I represent. It is stated as
being about 300,000. That reminds me« gentlemen, of a story in con-
nection with the French and German war. When Napoleon entered
Berlin he imposed upon the German people a provision in the treaty
that they should never have a standing army of over 42,000 men.
There was an eminent soldier who succeeded to power, who kept the
standing army at 42,000, but managed so to change that standing army
every year.by introducing new recruits that, by and by, when the third
Napoleon was reigning in France, all Germany was educated to be sol-
diers.

The Good Templar army has been organizing/ and while I say that
they are 300,000 and more in number, there are millions ond have gone
through the Good Templar field and the work there in the past and they
have not given up their principles. I see members of your committee, at
least one, whom I have met in the Good Templar field, and he is just as
much a temperance man as ever, though he has had other duties which
have called him away and he is not counted among the Good Templars
today.

The system of that organization provides that a good financial ataud-
ing shall be kept up by every member paying dues every quarter.
There is, therefore, a large financial bill here. As treasurer of this
organization I am paying out of the treasury of the international
organization from $25,000 to $30,000 a year. It has a financial founda-
tion for the purpose of spreading the work and educating the i>eople,
and that is what they have been doing since 1851, when the first lodge
was organized. It is on the moral suasion line — not political. They
have taken their stand ; they took it early, before any other organiza-
tion, before any step was taken in this direction for constitutional pro-
hibition.

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 43

Tear after year, by oDaDiiuous votes, the Qood Templar order at
their meetings in May last in Chicago; two years before at Saratoga;
the year before at Bichmond, and the next year at Edinbargh, Scot-
land, have each year adopted these resolutions demanding that we shall
have State and national prohibition.

We arQ not seeking it through any political organization. ' We are
seeking it through our own organization and through similar ones.
We are educating the people, and I say to you that I speak not only
for the membership as it exists today, numbering in this country in
adult membership 300,000 or 400,000, but for the membership that has
gone through its work, a membership vrhioh numbers more than 2,000,000
in this country.

There are some of them who were not voters when they entered, and
we now have boys in the juvenile department to the number of something
in the neighborhood of 200,000. These will become voters, and they are
being educated for their duties as such. It was a priest of the Boman
Ohurch who said, "Give me the boys, the children of this country,
until they are twelve years of age, and you may have them after that.'^
Gentlemen, give us the children until they reach that age, and you may
have them afterwards.

We want to educate them not as Democrats, or Bepublicans, or Pro-
hibitionists, or Greenbackers ; but ns temperance men, and men that will
stand by the home when the contest comes between the home and the
saloon.

The Ohairman. I would like to ask you a question, Mr. Jones, as
this matter of party distribution comes in so often, in regard to the dis-
tribution of your membership among the political parties.

Mr. Jones. It would be quite difficult to answer that

The Ghaibman. Have you ever made any such test at all, or taken
any statistics that relate to that subject!

Mr, Jones. Kever. It is provided among the rules of the order that
politics shall be left at the door. It is not permitted to be discussed.
Sometimes difficulties have arisen in lodges moving out ot just such
matters ; and we have them here to-day. We are here to-day, not as
Democrats or Republicans or Prohibitionists. We are here as citizens,
governed by one purpose only, and in' our order the political question
is entirely left out.

The Ohaibman. Your order antedates the existence of the party
movement, of course, and substantially your present membership does
alsot

Mr. Jones. By many years.

The Chairman. So that this demonstration of yours is strictly of a
non-partisan charaoter f

Mr. Jones. Entirely so. You know, of course, something about the
the ladies' work, ^^ the white ribbons," and that they have a division
among them because of a certain indorsement of political parties.
There is nothing of that kind among the Good Templars. There is no
indorsement of political parties. A simple indorsement of the ^robi-
bition of the liquor traffic is the line on which that organization works,
and. in connection with it, at the same time, if you please, the line of
education and bringing up of the young in that direction. So I speak
here and lay before you the wish of 2,000,000 people of this country
that you submit to the people this question of constitutional prohibition
as presented by the joint resolution.

44 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

STATEMENT OF MBS. LYDIA H. TUTOH .

Mrs. BiTTENBBNDER. Mr. Chairman. 1 introduce Mrs. Lydia H. Til-
ton, the legal secretary of the l^onpartisan National Woman's Christian
Temperance Union, who has been appointed by the president, Mrs.
Phinneyj to represent that national body on this occasion.

Senator Payne. " The Non-partisan Woman's Christian Temperance
Union f Then there is a division t

Mrs. BiTTENBENDEB. Ycs, sir; I represented the National Woman's
Christian Temperance Union in the beginning, one national body, and
now Mrs. Tilton will represent the other — the one that was organized
in Jannary of this year — the Non-partisan National Woi&an's Christian
Temperance Union.

Senator Payne. Does not that imply that there is a partisan body t

Mrs. BiTTENBENDEB. Yes, sir; it so implies. It was thought by
some white ribboners that the National Woman's Christian Temperance
Union held partisan relation to the Prohibition party, and the feeling
was such that they went out and organized another national society.

Senator Payne. Is it not true that tlie old organization became so
partisan, and offensively so, that this new organization of the non-
partisan class of Prohibitionists wa« organized T Is not that true t

Mrs. BiTTENBENDEB. It is true that the organizers of the new society
thought that the old organization had become partisan ; but the old or-
ganization claimed and 'still claims to be non-partisan. The resolution
on the subject adopted by the National Woman's Christian Temperance
Union at its last convention, held in Chicago, in November 1889, reads :

We believe it is vital to the temperance reform that the principle of prohibition be
made the dominant issae in American politics. We therefore give onr approval to
that party only which declares in its platform for prohibition in State and nation
and stands in action for its application to Jaw.

Another resolution, adopted at the same time, reads :

We greatly rejoice in the victory of our principles at the ballot-box in the new
States of North and South Dakota, and are especially glad that the dominant party
in Sonth Dakota has explicitly declared for national prohibition.

Webster defines the word " partisan " thus :

An adherent to a party or faction ; one who is violently and passionately devoted
to a party or interest.

Under that definition we plead " not guilty " to the charge of partisan-
ship. To " give our approval " to a party does not make us adherents to
that party. Let the National Republican or Democratic party declare
in its platform for prohibition in State and nation, and stand in action
for its application in law, and the National Woman's Christian Temper-
ance Union will speedily resolve to " give our approval ^ to the Repub-
lican or Democratic party. Let each and every political party so de-
clare and so stand, and each and every one of them shall receive ^' our
approval. ''

Mrs. Tilton. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I know of nothing in
the world that could better illustrate the true civilization to which this
nation has attained than this scene in this ])roud capitol.

Honored national legislators have paused a moment, putting aside
the thousand and one questions that crowd upon their thought, to listen
to the voice of Home, and she whom God appointed to be the " keeper
at home" is permitted to plead for the constitutional prohibition of a
traffic that has so often made her attempts <at keeping of none effect.

All the lines of home move in circles. They reach out into the world

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 45

and retarn again. WJiatever touches tbe cbild reaches the heart of
the mother; whatever injares the child outside the home endangers all
joy and purity and peace in the home. To properly " keep '' the home,
then, we must reach out and try to put away all that threatens harm
anywhere in the lines.

You will pardon us then for bringing even here the mother's plea ;
we beg you to weigh it in the balance against revenues and business
reasons — the highest and best of which can never outweigh the soul
of even the least of our boys.

From the highest and proudest homes, as well as ^ from the humble
cottage where watchful love has endured every privation for their sake,
the bright happy boys go forth into ever-threatening danger.

We believe public opinion is rising* to demand your prompt action in
defense of American citizens even along all the .paths by which they
must come to manhood and to citizenship.

If Oongress permitted squads of men to be licensed to stand upon
the comers of our streets with loaded guns, to be fired in all directions
at all hours of the day and far into almost every night, mothers might
be told to ** take care'' of their boys, but sooner or later Oongress would
be held responsible for the death of the boys.

We can not always keep them within the four square walls that we
call home, and, sirs, the men are waiting for themon the street corners
all the time.

Some of our boys are always on their guard and so escape ; but
others, just as dear to us, are less careful. ' We watch and counsel and
pray; and while we are trembing and hoping, strong men, who ought
to know better, tell them there is no danger. Little by little they lure
them on until our voices are no longer heard.

Some of our best and bravest are cautious for a time, but they see
others pass in apparent safety and venture step by step until they
are so sorely wounded, that if they can get back to us at all they are
only wrecks.

I know neighborhoods are sometimes permitted to guard their own
corners ; but what does it avail if on other corners the same danger
threatens, and the same boys are sooner or later exposed to it.

We apij^al to you to submit to the people a prohibitory amendment of
the Constitution that shall guard all the corners and make all paths
safe.

Tbe nation can not afford such a waste of its strength as the liquor
traffic demands. It can not afford to keep up the procession through
its saloons into the almhouses, jails, and prisons. Is it not strong
enough to put the saloon away T States and towns have attempted the
work, trusting that Oongress would ratify their decisions with even
stronger action, but recent events prove that one neighborhood is over-
ruled by another, and the Supreme Oourt can overrule them all.

Is It too soon to hope to secure constitutional prohibition f It can
not be too soon to begin the work. It certainly can not be too soon
if we would save the boys of the day, thousands of whom are even now
in the saloons.

We are told Congress is not responsible. Are mothers responsible
for what passes into the home t If the girl in my nursery uses lauda-
num to still the crying and the children are killed, am I responsible f
I do not furnish the laudanum ; I do not give the girl any license to
administer it ; my attention is often called to it, but I am busy about
other questions ; and so, though I know the laudanum is there, and
know its deadly effects, and that some of the little ones may be coaxed

46 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

to take it, I fail to prohibit it. Do I escape responsibility because I do
not hold the spoon f

This nation is really a family. Yon preside over the home; you
make rules for the children 5 have you not the power to protect them f
You know the danger that threatens ; ybu know your servants do not
all guard the children's interests; you know that their ease and pleasure
are purchased with the blood of your helpless ones. Can the work
they do, in bringing in revenue, make good the loss of citizens t The
organization I represent does not appeal to any political party, but to
all good men. It can never pledge its approval to any political party.
Its individual members work according to their own political convictions
and give their influence to the right as they see it. Article 5 of our
constitution says :

Neither the officers of this association nor the annual meeting shall directly or in-
directly pledge the influeuce-or co-operation of the association — in whole or in part —
to any philanthropic or other association, to any political party, or to any religions
sect.

But we pledge approval of all noble work, and are ready to do our
part in securing the co-operation of the people of all parties.

We believe ours is the greatest nation and ours are the wisest states-
men of all time; we believe that the honored chairmen of these commit-
tees and many of their colleagues are already far in advancoof many of
the people ; but we also believe the people can be aroused and led by
them. They can only advance as you lead tbe way. The nation's life
is in your hands. Eemember, it is weaker for every boy that falls.

ADDITIOHAL STATEMENT OF HB8. BITTEHBEHDEB.

Mrs. BiTTENBENDBR. Mr. Chairman, Mr.F. M. Bradley, of this city,
past most worthy patriarch, was appointed by Hev. B. Alder Temple,
of Everett, Massachusetts, most worthy patriarch, to be present on
this occasion, to represent the National Division of the Sons of Temper-
ance of Nortn America, one of our largest associations. He was in New
York yesterday, and was expected home late last night. He is not
present.

After making the statement that he was expected to represent this
nonpartisan society, organized in 1842, I would like to read the resolu-
tion which was passed at one of their national conventions a few years
ago:

NATIONAL DIVISION OF SONS OF TEMPERANCE OF NOUTH ABiERICA.

BMolved, That in our opinion the most important legal action to he secured, in order
to suppress the sale of intoxicating heverages, is to he found in the enactment of pro-
blhitory amendments of the constitutions of the several States and of tbe United
States.

I should like to ask whether any one is here to represent the Supreme
Council of Templars of Honor and Temperance f Mr. D. McNally, of
St. John, New Brunswick, the most worthy templar, wrote me that
several members had been appointed to be here on this occasion to
represent the society. In their absence, permit me to state that the
society, which is nonpartisan and was organized in 1845, after rejoic-
ing over the adoption of constitutional prohibition in Kbode Island,
^^Reaolved^ That we hail this victory a« only another indication of the
advance in public sentiment, which we hope will before many years
place our entire land under the banner of national constitutional pro-
hibition.''

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 47

The Chairman. Is there aoything farther yoa would like to say or
that anybody would like to say to the committee t

Representative Morse. I suggest that if there are other organizations
here who have not been heard that they be given permission to give
their remarks to the stenographer to be incorporated as part of the
proceedings.

The Chairman. That suggestion will be considered as the order of
the committee.

Representative Pigkler. I might say for the encouragement of those
who are here that by the grace of the Speaker we have prohibition in
the House end of the Capitol.

Representative Struble. I have uuderstood—I do not know whether
it is true or not — that that relates only to purchases over the bar ; that
if the thirsty take seats and order a little in the food line they can get
something to wash it down. [Laughter.]

A YoiCB. Does that apply to the original package f [Laughter.]

STATEMEKT OF LOUIS SGHADE, EDITOR OF THE WASHIHOTOH

SENmrEL.

Mr. ScHADE. Mr. chairman and gentlemen, I merely want to make
a very short statement.

The Chairman. Will you be kind enough to state who you are and
whom you represent t

Mr. SOHADB. I am the editor of the Washington Sentinel, and if you
ask me

The Chairman. T ask you what you represent t

Mr. Schade. I do not represent any organization, but I come herein
opposition to any national prohibition law.

Representative Struble. Do you represent any brewers' associa-
tion t

Mr. Sohade. I do not represent any organization whatsoever, nor
do I want to. I come here simply as a citizen, who in principle
opposes a national prohibition law, and the object I had in view was
simply to call the attention of the committee to the utterances on this
side here [indicating], which must have shown to every one of you that
you have not to deal with parties belonging to one or the other of the
political parties, the Republican party or the Democratic party, but,
what they style themselves, a sort of a nonpartisan organization ; per-
haps most likely a third-party organization.

At the last election we find that this non-partisan organization polled
250,000 votes for President. Now the question arises whether you are
going to pass a national prohibition law at the request of this small
number of people, without any urgent demand coming from either of
the two great political parties ; whether you are willing to upset your
financial system, which must necessarily follow, as at present you draw
one hundred and twenty millions a year from the liquor traffic; whether
you really believe, with all the experience you have had in all the pro-
hibition States, the impossibilities which yon have met with almost
everywhere in carrying out these laws, that it is possible at the end of
the nineteenth century, in a Christian country — and I lay particular
stress upon the word " Christian,^ not a Mohammedan country— to pass
a national prohibitory law t

I submit that it is the right of every one, as a citizen of this country,
to eat and drink what he wants, or do anything else so far as his own
bodily habits are concerned. Now, 1 say, do you really belicvok iVx^ssJ^

48 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

you can adopt a national prohibition law and carry it out at the end of
the present century! If you were writing 1690 instead of 1890 there
might be some possibility, and even at that time, I think, tb«y had a
great deal of trouble, lor we find that whilst they had prohibition in
different parts of the New England States they soon got rid of it, because
they could not carry it out. .

Representative Struble. There is trouble both as to the license sys-
tem and prohibition.

Mr. ScHADE. I ilo not believe that prohibition is temperance. The
word temperance ha« only been used in connection with the name of
their organizations, where they call them temperance organizations.
That is all the temperance the other side really possesses. JProhibition
is not temperance. Their leading men have confessed that it is not,
their leading papers have conceded that prohibition does not mean tem-
perance. Your experience in the States which have adopted prohibi-
tory laws has also shown that prohibition is not temperance.

Representative Sawjteb. What do you mean by temperance ?

Representative Morse. How many glasses of lager could a man
drink and still be temperate 1

Mr. Shade. It depends entirely upon your constitution. You may
drink as many as you like, for that is your business, not mine. But if
you are temperate you will drink no more than you can stand. [Laugh-
ter.]

Representative Stetjble. Does it not also depend upon your pocke^
book!

Mr. SCHADE. That is another question. Vou prohibitionists may
have national prohibition in the " sweet by and by," but the millen-
nium has not come as yet. If it does come I am afraid you will be just
as badly, if no worse, off, for how can you prohibitionists go into that
paradise where Christ presides, who made and drank wine!

Rev. E. D. MuNGER. We will take that kind of wine.

Mr. ScHADE. Where Christ is presiding, who made and drank wine.
How can you get access there? Your place will be somewhere else.
I do not know what sort of a climate it will have; in' all probability it
will be considerably hotter. In order to find your paradise yoa will
have to go where Mohammed rules, for he forbade the use of wine, and
the consequence was that his followers substituted, like many of you,
opium, and I have not heard to-day a single word in opposition to
opium use.

Eepresentatfve Sawyer. As I understand your views, having heard
you on previous occasions, your idea is that the highest form of Chris-
tian civilization and religious progress will be seen in those countries
where the people have the unlimited right to eat and drink and sell
without any legal restriction.

Mr. Shade. I have answered that question.

Representative Sawyer. Are you in lavor of restriction ?

Mr. Shade. I am not in favor of outright prohibition, nor am I in
favor of drunkenness under any circumstances. I despise a drunkard
perhaps more than your people do here.

Representative Sawyer. As I understand your position it is that
society has no right to say what I shall eat or drink f

Mr. Shade. I claim, sir, that an American citizen should have the
poor privilege of controlling at least his own person, for how can he ex-
ercise political self government if he can not control his own body.
That is exactly what I claim. I am here for the principle of personal
liberty, you may say.

TBAFIIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 49

Represeutative Sawyer. The right to buy and drink what I want,
and nobody has a right to restrict.

Mr. ScHADE No, sir. I think that an American citizen must be
a miserable being if he can not be allowed the control as to what he is
to eat and drink.

Mr. Jones. Daniel Webster was one of them.

Representative Pickler. Would you object to this amendment being
submitted to the vote of the people as these parties ask t

Represeutative Morse. You believe in a republican form of govern-
ment, do you not t

The Chairman. Give the gentleman a chance to answer one question
at a time.

Mr. ScHADE. I think it is humiliating that at the end of this, the
nineteenth century, we should have the i)eople of this country vote
whether an American citizen shall be allowed to enjoy as much self*
government as is not even denied to the miserable subjects of the des-
potic countries of Europe.

The Chairman. This is the question, whether, there being ten or
twenty million people who want a chance to vote on this question, it
should be submitted to them and they have the personalliberty to vote
on it, and then be bound by the result.

Mr. ScHADE. I will come to that, too. There is certainly, or there
ought to be, in every American citizen a certain feeling of pride.
He ought to have the conviction that there is enough intelligence
among his own people that it would not be necessary to vote and
decide by a majority vote what a man should eat and drink, when at
the same time you do not insist upon, or compel him, to go through the
same ordea.1 in regard to political rights which are, in my 0[>inion, ten
thousand times more important than the simple question of what a man
shall eat and drink.

Representative Lewis. Do you mean to say, then, that if a law should
be passed restricting a man within ^certain limits as to his habits of
drinking by a majority of the people of this country you would not
abide by it.

Mr. SOHADE. I do not allow any majority of the people to tread upon
me as long as I claim to be a free American citizen.

Mr. Jones. Then you are a Democrat.

Mr^ SoHADE. I do not allow the Democratic party or any other party
to dictate to me by a majority vote what I shall eat or drink. If I can
not control my own habits, I am a most miserable being, unfit for the
exercise of any political rights. Now that is my position.

Represeutative Pickler. Do you believe that a legislature has a
right to say that you shall not buy or sell bad meat f

Mr. ScHADE. Certainly, but it is left to me whether I shall buy or
eat bad meat, and 1 should have the right to decide myself for my
stomach what is good and bad.

Representative Pickler. No, it is not.

The Chairman. You will understand, Mr. Schade, that this is not
a proposition as to what you shall eat or drink, but it is the sale.

Mr. ScHADE. The sale and manufacture of anything will soon stop
when there are no consumers, and they are the ones who are mostly
interested in this question.

I am not for free whisky, as you seem to be altogether. Prohibition
means free whisky and nothing else. Take away the taxes which the
Government now places upon whisky ; take away the machinery of
the Internal Revenue Department and you will find that almost ever^

S. Mis. 217 4

50 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

houHehoId, every farm-bouse, will bave its own distiliery and manufact-
ure the needful. 1 am not in favor of free wbisky as mucb as you are.
Besides, you know tbat by all such hiws you are doing exactly the con-
trivry of what you pretend to do, and in addition — and tbat is the
worst part of it — you are making your people hypocrites.

The Chairman. Have you any more sentiments of that kind that you
tbluk prrtineut to tbis issue?

Mr. SCHADE. No, sir ; but if you want to have more, I can go on.

Mr. Jones. I wouUl like to call your attention to a statement you
bave just made that prohibition is free whisky. If that is the fact, I
would like to know why the brewing interests are so thoroughly op-
posed to the prohibitory law in Kansas and Iowa, and in the Dakota^,
and in other States which have adopted prohibition!

If it be a fact tbat prohibition is free whisky and free beer, of course
then why do you not sustain prohibition in prohibitory States I

Mr. SonADE. You ought to divide that question.

Mr. Jones. You may divide it.

Mr. ScHADE. It may be free whisky although it may not be free beer,
because whisky will not spoil as beer will, which latter, unlike whisky,
can not be smuggled in because it is too bulky; that is the reason.

Now as to the otber question the gentleman asked of me, I told him —
and I can not repeat it any longer — I am not the ropresentiitive of the
Brewers' Association, or any class or association at all. I am here on
my own hook as I said before. If I have been represented as the at-
torney of the United States Brewers' Association, that may have been
correct two years ago, but I am not the attorney of the United States
Brewers' Association now. You will have to hunt for some one else in
tbat connection. .

Mr. Jones. You seem to be the mouthpiece of that association now.

Mr. THOSiAS. Will you kindly tell the committee whether you have
on the platform, and through the journal which you edit, counseled the
liquor sellers in various States to refuse to obey the laws passed by the
legislatures of the States and by the people in their own capacity.

Mr. SCHADE. No, sir. I have on the contrary advised them to obey
the laws, but elect such legislatures so that they could get rid of those
laws 5 but I have never been foolish enough to advise them to refuse to
obey the law and suflFer the consequences.

Mr. Thomas. You have not advised them to disregard prohibitory
laws and have not provided money to pay the expenses

Mr. ScHADE. I have always advised my people to obey the law.

The Chairman. Whom do you mean by your people t

Mr. ScHADE. Those who are with me on my side.

The Chairman. Who!

Mr. Schade. About fifty-five of the sixty-five millions of the people
of the United States.

The Chairman. Who are the other ten millions !

Mr. Schade. That number may be perhaps your friends. [Laaghter].

Mr. Thomas. I hope I may be allowed to submit some utterances, or
reported utterances, of Mr. Schade.

The Chairman. If you do you perhaps ought to submit those ex-
tracts to his examination.

Mr. Jones. Is it possible to run the American saloon without sacri-
ficing the American boy I

Mr. Schade. I am not here as the representative of the American
saloon. I am not here as the representative of anybody. I am here
as a citizen of the United States protesting against prohibitory laws ;

TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS. 51

tbat is all. Besides year boys must be miserable beings and educated
very badly if they can be sacrificed by the American saloon. Mine will
not be.

Mrs. BiTTENBENDER. I wonld like to ask a question of the honorable
Mr. Pickler, from 8outh Dakota, in regard to the aid given by the
Woman's Christian Temperance Union of his State for adoption of the
prohibitory amendment of the Constitution. What was it, may I ask t

Representative Piokler. The Eepablican pttrty in South Dakota
adopted prohibition in its platform, State and l^ational, and the Wo-
man's Christian Temperance Union joined in very heartily in carrying it
through, and I believe that they had more to do with carrying the
amendment than all the political parties together*

STATEMENT OF L. S. COFFIH.

Mr. L. S. Coffin, of Fort Dodge, Iowa, the representative of railroad
employes to obtain for them national legislation for the protection of
life and limb, submitted the followinging statement:

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, in behalf of the
toiling millions of wage-earners, I, as a life-long worker, would most
earnestly and yet respectfully ask that Congress take hold of this mat-
ter, that the saloon may be banished from our land.

The saloon is the bane of the wage- worker. I would at this time
speak more especially for the million of men to whom the railroads of
the nation give employment. The saloon has always kept pace with the
railroad. At every station, and especially at every "division," where
more or less of railroad men were to be for a time stopping, there the
saloon always dogged their steps. As a rule railroad men are open-
handed, big-hearted, generous fellows. They were the choice prey of
the rum seller. Absence from home, denied in a great measure the hal-
lowed associations and restraint of the Sabbath at home with their
families, their life being one of peculiar hazard and excitement, they
become subject to peculiar and strong temptation, and the great wonder
is that so many withstood the subtle influence of the saloon and the
wiles of the tempter. Of late years these men have learned by bitter
experience that the saloon is one of their worst enemies. They have
organized themselves into brotherhoods for mutual benefit, and for
strength to each other to resist the debasing influence of the saloon.
There are to-day the " Order of Eailroad Conductors," " Brotherhood of
Locomotive Engineers," the " Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen " and
the ^< Brotherhood Bailroad Trainmen," numbering in the aggregate
from 75,000 to 100,000 strong, able-bodied men, most of them on the
morning side of middle aged manhood.

" Sobriety " is one of the cardinal words and principles of each of
the orders. No man can long belong to eitherorder and be a frequenter
of a saloon and addicted to intemperate habits.

The general managers of the roads of this nation are also taking de-
cided stand on this drink habit, and already some have issued orders
that no man can stay in their employ and be intrusted with the man-
agement of trains in any capacity if they are habitual drinkers, and
some have gone so far as to give general notice that if seen to go into
saloons even when off duty, will be cause of dismissal from service. .

These men know and feel the great danger that comes to them from
the near-by saloon. They want this great temptation removed, and if they
can have the opportunity to vote it out of existence, would do so even
though they may from time to time take a social glass with their fellow-

52 TRAFFIC IN ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS.

traiumen. The responsibility of men in handling railroad trains is great.
The work is sach as requires the best possible use of ev^ery faculty.
Public safety demands that sober men should handle trains.

Every interest demands the banishment of the saloon. We ask then
that the laboring man, the wage- worker, to whom the saloon is a stand-
ing menace, and that the railroad man shall have a chance to vote it
out of existence^

At 12.30 o'clock the committee adjourned.

51st Congress, ) SENATE. i Mis. Doo.

1st Session, i \ No. 218.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 19, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

AMEin>MENT INTEITOED TO BE FROPOBED B7 MR. HOAR TO THE
RE80LX7TION BtTBMITTED BT MR QUAT, AUaUBT 18. 1890.

« Amend the resolution by inserting after the words ^^ the pending bill
(H. B>, 9416}" the words: ^Hhe bill to amend and supplement the elec-
tion laws of the United States (H. K. 11045)," and by ^ding at the end
of the resolutions the words: '^And immediately thereafter the bill to
amend and supplement the election laws of the United States shall be
taken up for ponsideration, and shall remain before the Senate every
day for three days, after the reading of the journal, to the exclusion of
all other business, and on the 4th day of September, at 2 o'clock, voting
thereon, and on the then pending amendments, shall begin ^nd shall
continue from day to day, to the exclusion of other business, until
the same are finally disposed of."

61st Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

l8t Session. ] \ No,219.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 19, 1890. — Ordered to be printed.

Mr. HoAB snbmitt^ the following, iu tended to be proposed as a

SUBSTITUTE

For tbe resolution submitted by Mr. Quay August 18, 1890:

Resolved^ That the rules of the Senate be amended by adding the
following:

When any bill or resolution shall have been under consideration for
a reasonable time it nhall be in order for any Senator to demand that
debate thereon be closed. If such demand be seconded by a majority
of the Senators present, the question shall forthwith be taken thereon
without further debate, and the pending measure shall take precedence
of all other business whatever. If the Senate shall decide to close de-
bate, the question shall be put upon the pending amendments^ upon
amendments of which notice shall then be given, and upon the meas-
ure in its successive stages according to the rules of the Senate, but
without further debate, except that every Senator who may desire shall
be permitted to speak upon the measure not more than onct*, and not
exceeding one hour.

After such demand shall have been made by any Senator no other
motion shall be iu order nntil the same shall have been voted upon by
the Senate, unless the same shall fail to be seconded.

After the Senate shall have decided to close debate no motion shall
be in order but a motion to adjourn or to take a recess, when such mo-
tions shall be seconded by a majority of the Senate. When either of
said motions shall have been lost or shall have failed of a second, it
shall not be in order to renew the same until one Senator shall have
spoken upon the pending measure, or one vote upon the same shall
have intervened.

For the foregoing stated purpose the following rules, namely, VII,
VIII, IX, X, XII, XIX, XXII, XXVII, XXVIII, XXXV, and XL are
modified.

51st Congress, ) SENATE. ( Mis. Doc.

1st Session, i \ No. 220.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 22, 1890. — Presented by Mr. Piatt, referred to the Committee on Appropria-
tions, and ordered to be printed.

letter of the secretart op the interior, transmimng
reports relative to the desrirution notv existino in
the territory op oklahoma.

Department of the Interior,

Washington^ Augtist 20, 1890.

Dear Sir : I beg leave to inclose you herewith copy of a commiuii-
cation from the special land inspector sent by me to Oklahoma, and
transmitting to me a number of reports d.s to the destitution now exist-
ing in that Territory, copies of which are also transmitted. I have no
mOans at my command for the relief of the people, and submit the same
to the consideration of your committee for such action as you may deem
the ease requires and the law authorizes.
Yours, respectfully,

John W. Noble,
Secretary.
Hon. O. H. Platt,

Chairman Committee on TerritorieSj United States Senate.

Guthrie, Oklahoma, August 1(5, 189}.
The Secretary of the Interior:

Dear Sir: Reached this place last uightat 10 oV.lock ; at 7.30 this nioruiug called
on Governor Steele; he places the destitute at one-third of the people outside of the
larfjo towns. Captaiu Burbank, Tenth Infantry, and Captain Cavanagli, Thirteenth
Infantry, are under orders from Colonel Wade now investij^^ating the condition of
the people. The inspection is from house to house. 1 will send some of their reports.

There is a Republican convention here to-day, and consequently I have met rep-
resentative men from all parts of the Territory, and find that fully ou^-third of the
people, without any fault of theirs, are now or soon will be in victual want. Many are
anxious to keep from the public the actual condition of things and seem to prefer to
do or die rather than ask aid ; even the poor negroes in the northwest part of the
country seem to be imbued with the santo high purjiose to get along somehow and
hold their land.

From what I can learn a very little corn and less bacon is the extent of the food
in sight now.

There isno money and nothing to sell to get any, and no seed wheat for fall plant-
ing because the people have no means to purchase.

1 have just met and conversed with two very intelligent negroes from Kingfisher,
whom the governor says are perfectly reliable, and they report that one-third of their
people at least are now in want, having raised absolutely nothing. They mention

Earties who have lived on less than one dollar a week for some time, and that little
as been contributed by friends.

I have spent most of the afternoon with Captaiu Cavanangh, and have heard many
things that convince me beyond a doubt that help must be sent at once. One case
was a comrade, fifty-niue years of age, late of the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry, who

2 DESTITUTION IN OKLAHOMA.

was iu tbe Btormiiig party at DonelsoD. He bas a wife aad two f^rown daughters;
be loft bis home a week ago to work here with bis team ; he gets one dollar a day
aud pays fifty centR for feed and sends the balance to his family, living hiroself on
bread and wat«r. He stated that be left 5 pounds of meal aud about '3 pounds of
bacon, all be had in tbe world. He also said if be could get frO cents per day and
something to feed bis team ho could manage to .pull through. I helped him all I
could, and when be received the same bo broke down and wept like a child*

I respectfully inclose some papers from Captain Cavanaugh, gathered from personal
inspection, which will show that the half has not been told. Help is needed at once.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,

* Thos. J. Xewsham,

Special Land Inspector.

Camp at Guthkie, Oklahoma Tkrkitory, Au/fuai 12, 1890.

Sir : The following facts are submitted from personal inspection and iuvestigatioa
by me:

I visited many settlers within a radius of 10 wiles of Gutbrit*, Oklahoma, aud am
of the opinion that at least 33 per cent., if not more, of the families do and will re-
quire assistance from some source, to enable them to subsist here during tbe coming
full and winter; many of them require food at once.

At least one-third of the people visited by mo had nothing but a few pounds of meal
or tiour and very little bacon.

I did not see a luxury of any kind, but quite a number of sick who required them—
nor money to buy tbe necessary medicines for the sfck.

I visited many families consisting of from four to six persons who are living on
from one to one dollar and iifty cento per week ; it is true they only bad corn meal and
bacon.

One case I found of a man, wife, and two children had in his bouse three sinall
loaves of bread and a meat bone, for w^bicb he received credit for that morning ; he
did not know where tbe next day's provisions were to come from: had not one cent
of money and he could get no work, labor being more plentiful than the demand.

Tbe larger majority' of tbe homes I visited were ncut, tidy, and clean, houses and
surroundings in the same condition ; also their clothing, but no money, nor is there
any obtainable from any source ; therefore no provisions to sustain life.

i found the people very loth to acknowledge that they were in want or in destitute
circumstances but tried Very hard to hide the facts. All feel they came to Oklahoma
for homes and want to stay; in fact a number told me they came to stay and would
until they starved. I see no alternative but for them to starve or go, unless assist-
ance is forthcoming at once.

Tbe crops are an utter failure. I did not see an car of corn during my inspection
iu a ride of at least 40 miles, nor any other grain.

Tbe corn is not sufficient to forage the stock in this locality; those who have stock
to dispose of can not sell it, there being no money to purchase with, and if they did
sell would be in much worse condition this fall aud next spring, .'is they would be un-
able to make or put in any crops. '

There is no doubt that some action must be taken, and that at once, to prevent a
great amount of suffering by tbe people of Oklahoma, at least in this vicinity.

I did not couline my examinations to tbe locality mentioned in Governor Steele's let-
ter to tbe President, for from the xtersonal applications made to me for rations, 1 knew
of tbe destitution existing so long ago as last winter aud am only surprised that ap-
jdication for relief was not made mouths ago.
I am, very respectfully,

H. C. C A VAN AUG H,

Captain Thirteenth Infantry^ Commanding.
Col. J. F. Wade,

Fifth United States Cavalry,

[Submitted by Dr.J. C. McCahlron-l
Northwest quartor, T. KJ, R. 1 W.

(1) Mr. C. M. Stout, southwest quarter, Sec. 8, T. 16, R. 1 W. Five in family;
three children. What means of suiiiiort have yon for the year coming? None thai I
know of. Have you any crops ? ' None ; all dried up.

(2) Northwest quarter, Sec. 5, T. 1(5, K. 1 W. Mr. C. G. Triplet. Sixteen acres in
corn ; no corn, all dried up ; one in family, self- sustaining.

DESTfrUTION IN OKLAUOMA. 3

(3) Southwest quarter, Sec. 5, T. 16, E. 1 W. Twenty -five acres of corn. Not
possible to raise corn this year. Three in family, self-sustaining.

(4) W. S. Anilerson, southwest quarter, Sec. 6, T. 16, K. 1 W. Three acres corn;
no corn, all dried up,

(5) Mr. Stuart B. Davis, northeast quarter. Sec. i). Twenty acres in corn ; no corn,
all dried up. The grass will bum anywhere on any claim.

(6) A. J. Pcnniugton, southeast quarter, Sec. 4, T. 16, R. 1 W. Thirty acres in
corn, all dried up. I do not raise oue bushel. Self-sustaining for the present. •

(7) 8. U.Lamar, southwest quarter, Sec. 4, T. 16, R. 1 W. Leave of absence;
crop all dried np.

(8) Mr. George E. Enimans, northwest quarter, Sec. 9, T. 16, R. 1 W. Four in
family ; 30 acres in corn ; all dried up ; do not see how I can live this winter without
work ; I need help immediately.

(9) Nancy Ogden, northeast quarter, Sec. 6, T. 16, R. 1 W. One in family ; no
crops ; can not live without work; no means of snpport at present.

(10) Mr. Workman, northwest quarter. Sec. 4, T. 16, B. 1 W. No crops; all dried
up ; can not live through the winter without work.

(11) Wovkiiiau, northeast quarter^ Sec. 4, T. 16, R. 1 W. No crops; everything
dried up ; must have help in some shape this winter.

(12) Mr. A. C. Goodrich, southeast quarter, Sec. 6, T. 16, R. 1 W, No crops; self-
sustaiuiug ; do not want any help.

(13) Mr. Baise, southeast quarter, Sec. 18, T. 16, R. 1 W. No crops ; all dried up.

(14) Joseph Mooney, northeast quarter, Sec. 8, T. 16, R. 1 W. Thirty-two acres in
corn ; it is impossible to make corn this year ; all dried up ; self-sustaining for the
present.

(1.5) Albrt Miller, northwest quarter Sec. 18, T. 16, R. 1 W. Ten acres in corn;
all dried up j in suffering condition at present ; must have help or work.

(16) Alfred Balew, same quarter contest; five in family; very destitute ; need cloth-
ing ani food badly ; hiisband gone to see if he can get work

(17) Southwest quarter Sec. 18. No one at home ; crops all dried np.

(18) Mr. Fish«n', southwest quarter, Sec. 17. Ten acres corn all dried up ; destitute ;
do not know what to do.

(ID) Mr. Simpson, Southwest qnarter Sec. 17. Six in family; no crops; guess will
have to go to the States.

(20) Mr. Joes, southeast quarter Sec. 17, R. 1 W. No crops ; all dried up ; self-
sustaining.

(21) Cunningham, northeast quarter Sec. 7. T. 16, R. 1 W. No crops ; self-sustain-
ing.

(22) William Lemar, northwest quarter Sec. 5, T. 16, R. 1 W. No crops ; all dried
np.

(23) Mr. B. B. Ball, southwest quarter Sec. 5, T. 16, R. 1 W. Gone to the States
on account of drought.

(24) J. G. Mo. Cathrin, northwest qnarter Sec. 8, T. 16, R. 1 W. No crops; all
dried up. Thomas H. Smith, southeast quarter Sec. 8, T. 16, R. 1 W. No crops;
all dried up. Do not know what to do.

Oklahoma Tebritory.
To the Citizene of Guthrie:

We, the citizens whose names are signed to this paper, would respectfully ask aid
of those more favored. We have not had the rains this year that the rest of the coun-
try have had, and raised nothing. Three large families, and no means to snpport
them.

Give to the poor and needy and God will bless us, as we the nndersigned or all
landholders.

J. H. Burns,
S. Baxter,
John T. Burns,
h. c. woodworth,
L. Young,
J. K. C. Young.

Result of the investigation by some of the above.

Sec. 31, T. 19, R. 2, west, four families, nothing. Two Youngs, nine in family, have
for three days at a time had no meal; had a few small potatoes and onions; other
times made sonp out of can^ tops oi anything they could get. Baxter, seven in
family, brought two dozen chickens; got |2 for them ; took meal for that; two more
dozen chickens; when they are gone have nothing. All the same. Nothing four
miles west of Orlando.

8. Mis. 4 *S

61st CoNviREss, > SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

Ist Session, f \ ISo. 221.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 26, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. AxDRiGH Bubmitted the following

PEOPOSBD AGEEEMENT FOE THE CONSIDERATION OP

BILL H. R. 9416

That the consideration of the pending bill (H. R. 9416) shall be con-
tinned to the exclusion of all other business except appropriation bills
and conference reports, to and including Wednesday, September 3, sub-
ject to general debate; and during Thursday, September 4, Friday, Sep-
tember 5, and Saturday, September 6, subject to the five-minute rule in
debate; no Senator to speak on any one question more than once; and
on Monday, September 8, and thereafter, on bill or amendments, without
debate, to and including the third reading, when three hours shall be
allowed to each side for general debate, and then the final vote shall bo
taken on itB passage.

■.-- %-,

618T Congress, I SENATE. i Mis. Doo.

. § \ No. 222.

l5< Session

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 25, 1890.~Presented by Mr. Squike and ordered to lie ou tlie table and be.

printed.

BIBMORIAL OF THB CHAMBER OP COMMERCE OF SEATTLE, WASH-
INGTON, PRATINO FOR AN APPROPRIATION StrPFICIENT TO
PLACE THE PACIFIC SEA-COAST IN A CONDITION OF DEFENSE.

[ Trustees : John Leary, president ; E. O. Graves, vice-president ; Thos. W. Proscb,
second- vice-president ; E. F. Wittier, treasurer; Percy W. Rochester; A. P. Mit-
ten ; B. F. Sbanbut ; Herman Chapin ; W. E. Bailey ; A. Holmau ; G. Davies ; G.
H. Heilbrou ; U. R. Niesz; Jacob Forth.]

Seattle Ghambeb of Commerce. (Incorporated.)

Seattle^ Washingtoriy August 4, 1890.

The Chamber of Commerce of the city of Seattle, State of Washing-
ton, respectfully petitions the Congress of the United States for the ap-
propriation of money safficieut for the patting of our sea-coast in a con-
dition of defense enabling it to withstand any attack either likely or
possible. It is not believed that $150,000,000 will be too much for this
X^nrpose, one-fifth of which amount, or $30,000,000, will be no more than
adequate for the proper fortification of the Pacific coast

In the States of California, Oregon, and Washington two million peo-
ple, and property valued at $2,000,000,000 are exposed in a manner rep-
rehensible and little short of criminal to the assaults of foreign foes.
Nothing whatever worthy the name of fort is to be found on American
soil from the Gulf of California to the Arctic Ocean. Not a single mod-
ern gun is available for offense or defense. A score of the most con-
temptible powers on the surface of the eaf th have ships capable of
destroying anything afloat bearing the flag of the United States, and
then, without injury to themselves, laying under tribute or destroying
the beautiful, populous, and wealthy cities of the coast.

No other part of the American sea-coast is so exposed as Puget Sound.
The most determined, aggressive, and courageous of European people,
having the most numerons and powerful navy afloat, and with commer-
cial interests of the greatest magnitude, adjoin us on the north, sepa-
rated only by an imaginary line.

To maintain their dignity and supremacy, an immense establishment
is supported, only 12 miles from our shore, second in extent and strength
to nothing on the American continent.

This establishment includes a fully equipped navy-yard, with stone
dock large enough for the biggest ships in the British navy, the con-
stant presence of a fleet of fast cruisers and heavily armored battle-
ships, numerous batteries of guns of the latest and most effective pat-
tern, and hundreds, sometimes thousands, of seamen, mariners, and
soldiers. That all these men and means are intended for operation
against the United States there is no gainsaying. No other consider-
able country is nearer than 4,000 miles, and no other country is men-

2 SEA-C0A8T DEFENSE.

aced in any but tbe slightest degree by this vast and warlike establish-
ment.

In the present defenseless condition of Paget Sound, the outbreak of
hostilities with this nation would be followed by excursions from this
fortress tliat would end most disastrously and ingloriously to tbe Amer-
ican cause, resulting in the immediate subjugation and occupation of
this invaluable region, and the possible destruction of property worth
more than the amount asked for the defense of the whole American sea
coast — the Lakes, Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific included.

This chamber believes that an exigency exists which calls for the
most prompt and decisive action on the part of Oongress.

John Leabt,

President,

61st Congress, ) SENATE. i Mis. Dor.

1st Session. ) ) No. 223.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 125, 1890.— Reported and ordered to be printed, and recommitted to the

Committee on Indian Affairs.

Mr. Dawes, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, reported the fol-
lowing

LETTER FROM THE SBCRETAR7 OF THE INTERIOR ADDRESSED
TO THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMITTE|; ON INDIAN AFFAIRS,
TRANBMITTINa COPY OF A COMMUNICATION FROM THE COM-
MISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS AND ACCOMPANYINO PAPERS,
RELATIVE TO COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

Dbpabtment of the Interior,

Wofthingtonj August 20, 1890.

Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your communication
of 1st instant and accompanying Senate resolution, 119, ^< relating to
coal leases in the Indian Territory,'' wherein you request to be furnished
with copies of such leases as is its intent to ratify, together with the
opinion of the Department as to the propriety of the ratification of
either of said leases.

In response I transmit herewith a copy of a communication of 14th
instant from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and. accompanying
papers.

In connection with this I also submit an opinion from the First As-
sistant Secretary, to whom the subject was referred, together with the
letter of the Commissioner.

In my judgment the resolution should not be adopted. I believe it
will establish a gross monopoly in the interest of the railroad company,
and break down competitive interests in all the adjoining territoiy. It
will cripple the Indian Nation now, and greatly interfere with the policy
of the United States to lead the Indian tribes to lives of industry and
self-support. Future opportunities and benefits to the Indian nation
or its members would be anticipated and shut out for the immense pe-
riod of a century ; and when the CFnited States endeavors hereafter to
deal with these tribes, in the interests of our own people, the great val-
ues of the lands will be found in the hands of third parties, thus sanc-
tioned. These coal leases will not be all if this policy is adopted. There
will be more of these, and there will be many more as to other valuable
products the Indians may be induced to barter.

The question of the legality of these leases is also, in my judgment,
most serious, as exhibited by the First Assistant Secretary. But I place
my objection chiefly upon the ground of public policy and the proper
administration of our Indian Affairs.

Most respectfully, John W. Noble,

Secretary.

Chairman Committee on Indian Affairs,

United Stales Senate,

2 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

[Senate reAolution Hi, Fifty-first Congress, first session.]
JOINT RESOLUTION relating to leases In.the Indian Territory.

Whereas certaifi citizeos of the Clioctaw Nation hare, for the purpose of developing
its mineral resources, made leases of coal and mineral rights to the Choctaw Coal and
Railway Company, a corporation existing under the lawj of the State of Minnesota,
and having a right of way for railway, telegraph, and telephone linos panted to it
through the Indian Territory by the Congress of the United States, ana have, also,
made to other persons le!i^s of a similar nature, the consideration beiug the royalties
expressed in said leases : Therefore,

Besolved by the Senate and House of Bepreeeut^itives of the United States of America in
Congress assemhledj That consent be, and the same is hereby, given to all leases of coal
and mineral lands or rights which the citizens of the Choctaw Nation have made, or
may hereafter make, ta the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, or to any other
^persons or corporations; and the leases heretofore made arc hereby ratified and con-
firmed : Provided, That the terms expressed in the said leases heretofore taken shall
not be changed, either as to the time, conditions, or royalties to be paid : And further
providedf That the rights and privileges of the Choctaw citizens as guaranteed in said
leases shall be at all times observed by the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company,
and all other persons or corporations holding such leases : Andfnrthei' provided. That
all royalties which maj' become due the Choctaw Nation shali be promptly paid in
accordance with the stipulations contained in said leases, unless the same shall be
modified or changed by mutual consent of the lessiees and the said Choctaw Nation :
Provided further y That all citizens of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole
Nations shall have the same right and privilege of leasing coal and mineral Tights aa
is herein granted to the citizens of the Choctaw Nation : Provided further y That noth-
ing in this resolution shall be so construed as to convey to the lessees of the said coal
and mineral rights any right, title, interest, or use of the surface of the lands covered
by said leases, but shall be strictly confined to the mining and development of the
coal or minerals found under said lands covered by the said leases, except the right of
ingress, egrees, and to so much of said surface as may be essential for right of way
over said lands, and for the erection of buildings and machinery needful in the pros-
ecution of the work of mining or developing the coal and minerals under said lauds.

[Senate Besolation 119. Fifty-first Congress, first session.]
JOINT RESOLUTION relating to coal leases in the Indian Territory.

Whereas certain citizens of the Choctaw Nation have, for the purpose of deA^oloping
its resources, made certain leases of coal rights to the Choctaw Coal and Railway
Company, a corporation existing under the laws of the State of Minnesota, and
having a right of way for railway, telegraph, and telephone lines granted to it
through the Indian Territory by the Congress of the United States, and also certain
other leases to citizens of the United States, which said leases were transferred to the
said Choctaw Coal aud Railway Company, the consideration beiug the royalties ex-
pressed in said leases : Therefore,

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Americ^i in
Congress assembled, That consent be, and the same is hereby, given to certain leases
of coal rights which citizens of the Choctaw Nation have made to the said Choctaw
Coal and Railway Company, or to citizens of the United States and by them trans-
ferred to the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, certified copies of the ^taid
leases to bo deposited with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, who shall receive and
receipt for the same; and the said leases heretofore made are hereby ratified aud
confirmed: Provided, That the terms expressed in said leases heretofore taken .shall
not be changed, either as to the time, conditions, or royalties to be paid : And pro-
tided further J That the rights and privileges of the Chootaw citizens, as guarantied
in said leases, shall be at all times observed by the said Choctaw Coal aud Railway
Company: And provided further ^ That all royalties which may become duo to the
Choctaw Nation or its citizens shall be promptly paid in accordance with the stipu-
lations contained in said leases, unless the same shall be modified or changed by
mutual consent of the lessees to the said Choctaw Nation or its citizens: Provided
further J That nothing in this resolution shall be so construed as to convey to the les-
sees of the said coal rights any right, title, interest, or use of the surface of the lands
covered by the said leases, but shall be strictly confined to the mining and develop-
ment of the coal found under said lands covered by said leases, except the right of
ingress, egress, and to so much of said surface as may be essential for the right of

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY, 3

way over said lands^ and for tho'erection of buildings and machinery needfnl in the
prosecution of the work of mining or developing the coal under said lauds : Provided
Jurihir, That nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to deprive any indi-
vidual Indian of any rights which he may have had before the passage of this resolu-
tion uiidcr tfie coufetituiion and laws of his own nation : Prorirffd /wr//w?', That the
lessees of said coal rights shall render a sworn statement to the Commissioner of In-
dian Atfairs or the United States Indian agent for the Five Civilized Nations, during
the first week of each month, showing the amount of coal taken from the mines on
said coal rights for the month preceding, and the royalties paid to the said Choctaw
Nation and to the individual citizens holding said coal rights: Provided further ^ That
in the event of the extinguishment of the Indian title to the coal rights covered by
these leases, the lessees a|^ee to pay over, as the United SJiates may direct, the royal-
ties arising from the mining of coal on the said coal rights, which are now payable to
the Choctaw Nation, in the same manner and for the same amount as at present.

Department of the Interior, WasUngton.
Mr. Secretary :

From such consideration as I have been enabled to give this case,
during the limited time which I have had it under advisement, I can
find no express authority for these leases, and, I suppose, that it is on
account of there being no such authority that this joint resolution has
been introduced to confirm them. So far as this Department is con-
cerned, it seems to me that this is a question of administrative policy
to be determined, taking into consideration: First, The rights of the
Indian; second, those of the Government; and third, the interests of
the company. Looking the field over in this light, the question natu-
rally arises should the Department in the interest of this company and
the individual Indian, recommend a measure which will place sucli
varied interests and such great power as are necessarily incident to the
control of these coal fields in its hands, as is here desired. .As I look at
it, it is practically granting to this company a gigantic monopoly of
these coal fields, and places at its disposal franchises which ought not
to be extended for a period of ninety nine years.

While it is true, as I suppose, and as I gather from the letter of the
Commissioner, that this company has invested hundreds of thousands
of dollars in tliis enterprise in the construction of its road, and in pre-
paring to operate these mines, yet, that is no reason why the coal fields
of this nation should be placed at the disposal of this railroad com-
I>any. It ^entirely ignores the nation as such, and deals exclusively
with individual members thereof, so that it practically puts the Choc-
taw government at the mercy of this private enterprise; entirely ig-
noring any other interests than those of the individual, it proceeds to
execute these leases with him. To recognize this right deprives this
local government of the revenues which it has heretofore realized from
its mines, ^and naturally creates a grating between it and the National
Government, and while the local constitution for the government of the
tribe itself as between individual members thereof, grants the citizen
this extraordinary privilege of operating a mine a mile in any direction
from his works or improvements thereon, yet there is nothing therein
which prohibits the national council from placing such a wholesome
legislative enactment thereon, as in its judgment it deems for its best
interest; and now, by the reex)gnition of these leases, to ignore the right
of this nation to control mines within its territory, in my judgment, is
taking a step which will not be conducive to the best interests of either
the tribe or the individual members thereof.

Ultimately, I suppose, a large portion of this territory will become a
part of the public domain, and will become the home of the settler, pur-

4 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

suant to the land laws of tbe United St^terf, and that, too, many years
befoie the expiration of these leases. And while by the terms thereof
the surface soil is not to be disturbed, yet it gives this company sucii
control over the country in which these mines are located as in my judg-
ment will very seriously interfere with and retard private and individ-
ual enterprise. The experience of the past teaches us that uo individual
can compete with the railroad company, which owns and operates its
own road and mines, so that the confirmation of these leases has the
ett'ect of destroying all competition in these coal fields. I do not believe
it will be for tbe best interest of the Indian to place him at the mercy
of this company by the ratification and confirmation of these sixty leases
mentioned in this letter. It may be well to encourage the eonstrnctiou
of this road, and indeed, by act of February 18, 1888 (25 Stats., 35), it
is granted a right of way through these fields upon very favorable terms,
and it ought now to be contented to allow these mines to be operated
by individual enterprise, and be willing to transport the output thereof
as a common carrier, rather than absorbing the entire enterprise itself.
Or if it is absolutely necessary that it should operate the mines in this
country as a feeder to its road, then, in my judgment, the terms of these
leases should be recast more favorably to the Indian and should be lim-
ited in the number of mines which it shall control, and they should be
subject to the supervisory control of the Secretary of the Interior, so
that no wrong or injustice may be done either to the individual or tri-
bal interi sts of the Indian.

In reviewing tbis matter, I have relied and counted upon the consti-
tution, laws, and treaties atfecting this subject, as set out in the Com-
missioner's letter, and, as heretofore suggested, I can find no express
authority by legislative enactment justifyingor authorizing the making
or these leases, neither can I find any law of the United States which
makes either the constitution or laws of this tribe a part of the laws of
the United States, or w hich recognizes their force as between citizens ot
the United States and the tribe, or citizens of the United States and
individual members thereof, other than such as may be implied from
the act granting the right of way to this company where it speaks of a
branch being constructed to its leased lands. But I do not deem such a
mention of a terminus of abranch as a recognition of the validity of these
leases ; if so, why the necessity of this confirmatory a<5tf While it is
true that the constitution of this Choctaw nation authorizes a member
of the tribe who discovers mineral land to operate a mine Ihereou in
any direction within 1 mile from his works or improvements, yet 1
can find no law w^hich extends that privilege to citizens of the United
States by leasing from the Indian who discovers the mine. And I take
it that it matters not, so far as the execution of these leases is concerned,
as to the power of the Choctaw government to demand a royalty or ex-
ecute leases for a period of one or six years, as provided in the act set
out in the letter of the Commissioner accompanying these papers. In-
deed, article 7 of the treaty made June 22, 1855, betweiui the United
States and the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations, quoted, would make
this company an intruder, and it would become the duty of the United
States to remove it therefrom, and, if necessary, to call upon the troops
thereof to assist in so doing.

It being the opinion of the Attorney-General, likewise mentioned in
the communication of the Commissioner, that the Choctaw tribe had
no authority to make these leases prior to 18S5, and that opinion being
rendered prior to the passage of the act authorizing the construction of
this road, I do not understand how the company can claim that the

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 5

Government is under any legal or moral obligation to approve leases of
the character herein desired, and there has been no act of Congress
since the rendering of that opinion which has enhirged upon the stat-
utes then in force, unless it can be held by implication that the act of
March 1, 1889 (25Stats., 784), grants or recognizes such authority. In my
judgment it does not, neither do I think it is susceptible of the construc-
tion placed upon it by the Commissioner. Now that portion of it nec-
essary for consideration is quoted as follows:

That aU laws hayiug the efifeot to prevent the Cherokee, Choctaw^ Creek, Chioka-
ssLW and Seminole nations, or either of them, from lawfully entering into leases or
contract for mining coal for a period of not exceeding ten years, are hereby repealed,
etc.

Now, I suppose that this act had reference to some prior existing
laws, and I observe that section 86 of chapter 11 of the acts of the
Cherokee Nation, which was in force at the time of the passage of this
act relative to mineral lands, reads as follows :

No license shall be granted by the treasurer for a longer period than ten years at
the option of the lessee, etc.

I am also informed that the Choctaw laws authorize leases for six
years. Now, my opinion about the construction to be placed upon said
act of March 1 is that it did away with all limitation upon the right of
these nations to lease, leaving it to their option and their judgment as
to the duration of leases. It stands to reason that such construction
should be placed upon this act when considered in the light of the In-
dian statutes in force at the time. This statute had some purpose and
object, and it was to do away with what was supposed to be the exist-
ing limitation upon the power of these several nations to make leases
for a longer period than that which had theretofore existed, and it was
to correct this abuse and overcome this objection and supposed evil
that said act of March 1 was passed, so that I take it that the construc-
tion placed upon the statute by the Commissioner in that particular is
erroneous; that this nation has just as much power and just as much
authority to execute a lease for an unlimited time as the individual
member of the tribe who has made discovery of the mines and is seek-
ing to operate the same under the terms of the constitution heretofore
mentioned. But as I believe neither of them has any authority outside
the members of the tribe to execute these leases, it makes no particular
difference what construction is placed upon the act of March 1, 18S9, for
the purpose of determining the question under consideration.

For the reasons here set out, and on account of the unusu<al length
of time for which these lands are leased, and on account of what I be-
lieve will be a change in the prosperity of this country within the time
provided for in these leases, and the reason that these Indians are pro-
testing against the confirmation thereof, I do not believe that the De-
partment should recommend the passage of this joint resolution. It is
practically allowing this railroad company to usurp the authority which
has heretofore been exercised by the national council over the mines
within its borders, and I apprehend that very serious and direful re-
sults and manifold complications are likely to grow out of and arise
therefrom, for it must be quite evident that the nation as such will not
quietly submit, but will struggle to maintain and keep the revenues
which have heretofore flowed into its national treasury from the opera-
tion of these mines, from being div^erted to other channels, so tiiat I
view it as a matter of policy and amity between the tribe and the Gov-
ernment its interest as a nation should be carefully guarded and pro-
tected) and it should have a voice in saying what disposition shall be

6 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

made of its mineral lauds. When the Government comes to treat with
it for its surplus domain, it deals directly with the tribe, and the tribe
should, in my judgment, be heard and protected in these leases. As
they are draughted they are one-sided, all in favor of the interests of the
company ; the term of the leases is at its option, the right to sublet is
at its option, and the only option the Indian has is to take his three-
fourths of a cent a bushel fbr the coal mined. I do not and can not be-
lieve that these leases should be confirmed.
Very respectfully,

Geo. Chandler,
First Assistant Secretary.

Department of the Interior,

Office op Indian Affairs,

Washington^ August 14, 1890.

Sir : I have received, by Department reference of the 2d instant for
report, a communication from Hon. H. L. Dawes, chairman of the Sen-
ate Committee on Indian Affairs, transmitting Senate resolutien Na
119, relating to coal leases in the Indian Territory, and also, by refer-
ence of the same date, a communication from the chairman of the Honse
Committee on Indian Affairs inclosing House joint resolution No. 206,
which is identical in its provisions with the Senate resolution above re-
ferred to.

This resolution is transmitted as a substitute for Senate resolution
No. 114 and House joint resolution No. 193. It is requested that the
said committees be furnished with copies of such leases as <ire to be
ratified by this resolution and the opinion of the Department as to the
propriety of the legislation therein proposed is asked.

The said resolution provides for the ratification and confirmation of
certain leases of coal rights, which citizens of the Choctaw Nation
have made to the Choctaw Coal and Railroad Company, or to citizens
of the United States, and by them transferred to the said company ;
that certified copies of said leases are to be deposited with the Com-
missioner of Indian Affairs, who shall receive and receipt for the same;
that the terms expressed in such leases shall not be changed, either as
to the time, conditions, or royalties to be paid ; that the rights and
privileges of the Choctaw citizens, as guarantied in said leases, shall
be at all times observed by said company ; that all royalties due there-
under to the Choctaw Nation or its citizens shall be promptly paid in
accordance with the stipulations contained in said leases, unless the
same shall be modified or changed by the mutual consent of the lessees
to (and with) the said Njition or its citizens; that nothing in said resolu-
tion shall be construed to convey to the lessees of said coal rights any
right, title, interest, or use of the surface of the lands covered by the
said leases, except the right of ingress, egress, and to so much of said
surface as may be essential for the right of way over said land^. and
for the erection of buildings and machinery necessai^y for the prosecu-
tion of the work of mining or. developing the coal under said lands;
that nothing therein shall be construed to deprive any individual In-
dic^n of any rights under the constitution and laws of his own nation
which he may have ha<l before the passage of the resolution ; that the
said lessees shall render a sworn statement to the Commissioner of
Indian Affairs, or the United States Indian agent for the five civilized
nations, during the first week of each month, showing the amount

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 7

of coal taken from the mines on said coal rights for the month preced-
liugy and the rojalticB paid to the said nation and to iudividual citi-
zens thereof; and that in the event of the extinguishment of the In-
dian title to the coal rights covered hy these leases, the lessees agree
to pay over as the United States may direct, the royalties arising from
the mining of coal on the said coal rights, which are now payable to the
Ohoctaw Nation, in the same manner and for the same amounts as at
present.

The manager of the Choctaw Goal and Baiiway Company has filed
in this office agreements covering sixty-two coal claims which, he states,
include all the leases proposed to be validated by this agreement. Ex-
cepting the names of the parties, and the descriptions of the claims
covered (all of which extend a mile in each of four directiousi, these
leases are all substantially the same in their provisions. Attached to
each of said indentures, except ten, is the certificate of the clerk of the
United States court for Indian Territory, to the effect that the lessor
in person, or by attorney, appeared before him and acknowledged the
execution of the said lease.

There are also attached to each and every one of said indentures cer-
tificates of the county clerk and county and probate judge, of the county
in said nation wherein the lauds covered by such leases lie, that they
were duly recorded upon the records of said county.

It is verbally stated by the representatives of the company that the
said ten indentures will be acknowledged before the clerk of the said
conrt as soon as the attendance of the parties can be secured.

I have the honor to inclose herewith a copy of one of these leases for
the information of the Department. *It will be observed that the lessor
grants and leases to the said company his undivided interest in the
coal claim therein described ; that said lessee is given the exclusive
right and privilege to take coal from said claim for its own use and for
market upon the conditions therein named ; that said lessee is also
granted the exclusive right to have upon said claim all buildings, in-
closures, machinery, tools, and apparatus used and required in carrying
into effect the objects of the lease ; that the said lessee is granted the
right to permit its employ6s and other persons to go u|>on the said
claim and the premises thereto attached during the pendency of the
lease ; that the said lease shall be in force for the term of ninety-nine
years from its date, or so long as the said lessee shall observe the laws
of the Choctaw Nation and perform the agreements of said lease; that
no forther consideration is to be paid and demanded for the rental of
said coal claim and the premises thereto attached than three-fourths of
1 cent per bushel ; that the said lease shall remain in force and effect
for a period of ninety-nine years unless the said company shall give
notice in writing to the lessor or his legal representatives, not less than
thirty days of its intention to cancel the same, such notice to forfeit the
right of renewal ; that said company and assigns shall have the right to
assign said lease or sublet any part of the coal claim or privileges
granted therein } that said company and assigns shall pay to the lessor
or his legal representatives one-fourth of 1 cent for each bushel of coal
taken from any mine covered by such lease, and shall pay to the Choc-
taw Nation one-half of 1 cent for each bushel so mined, making a total
royalty of three-fourths of 1 cent for each bushel of coal taken from said
mine; that said company or assigns shall commence operating the said
mine on said claim within twelve months after it shall have completed
a branch line from its main line of railroad to said mine or coal claim ;
that the lessees and assigns shall have the peaceable possession and

8 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

enjoyment of the said coal claim without hindrance or interruption by
the lessor, or any other person, and that the lessor and his heirs, etc,
shall warrant the lessee and assigns in such quiet enjoyment.

With regard to mining claims within the Choctaw Nation, section 18
of Article VII of the Constitution of said nation provides that —

Auy citizen of this nation who may find any mine or mines, or mineral waters,
sbaU have exclusive rip^bt and privilege to work the same ho long as he may chooae,
within 1 mile in any direction from bis work or improvements; provided, however,
be doea not interfere with the rights of the former settler.

The land of the Choctaws was conveyed to said nation by patent in
fee simple, "to them and their descendants to inure to them while they
shall exist as a nation and live on it, liable to no transfer or alienation,
except to the United States, or with their consent," and by the fore-
going section of its constitution the nation clearly intended to recognize
fully the rights of any citizen who is the original discoverer of any
mining claim ; but the laws with regard to leases passed by the Choc-
taw Council appear to relate only to the royalties to be paid into the
treasury of said nation, without aflfecting the rights of the individual
discoverer, claimant, or lessor.

The act of the Choctaw Council of November 6, 1880, provides that—

There shall bo appointed by the principal chief, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, one competent person, a citizen of said nation, to be known as national
agent of the Choctaw Nation, whose duty it shall be to contract for the sale of stone,
stone-coal, and timber of all kinds. Said national agent sball be commissioned, and
before be enters upon the duties of his office shall take the oath of office prescribed
in the constitution, and enter into bond with good and sufficient securities in the penal
sum of ten thousand dollars, payable to the Choctaw Nation, conditioned that be will
well and truly discharge bis duties in accordance with law ; which bond shall be filed
in the national secretary's office. Said national agent shall hold bis office for two
years unless sooner removed by the principal chief for malfeasance in office.

Said national agent in making contracts witb parties for the sale of any of the

articles herein mentioned, shall charge royalty as follows:

• • ♦• • • •

On coal, one-half per cent per bushel.

Said section further provides that —

* • * All contracts made bereunder sball expire on the Slst -day of December
of each year, except contracts for mining coal which shall cover a period of six years;
and all royalty accruing under the same shall be due and payable monthly.

This is, so far as this office is advised, the only leasing law upon the
statute books of said nation affecting coal claims, and while it regulates
the royalty to be paid into the tribal treasury and limits the duration
of leases which are made with the tribal authorities, it appears to leave
the individual claimant to make his own negotiations, and to arrange
the compensation to be paid him for his interest in the mine which is
guarantied to him in the constitution, as above set forth.

The Choctaw Nation is secured the right of self-government and the
jurisdiction over persons and property within its limits by the follow-
ing treaty provisions :

Article VII of the treaty between the United States and the Choc-
taw and Chickasaw Nations, of June 22, 1855, provides that —

Sofar as may be compatible with the Constitution of the United States, and the lawi
made in pursuance thereof, regulating trade and intercourse with the Indian tribe-s
the Choctaws and Chickasaws sball be secured in the unrestrioted right of self-guv-
ernment and full jurisdiction over persons and property within their respective limits;
excepting, however, all persons with their property who are not by birth, adoption,
or otherwise citizens or members of either the Choctaw or Chickasaw tribe, and all

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 9

persons not being citizens or members of either tribe, found within their limits, shall
be considered intruders, and be removed from and kept oat of the same by the United
States agent, aeeisted, if necessary, by the military, with the following exceptions,
viz : Such individuals as are now or may be in the employment of the government
and their families; those peacefully traveling or temporarily sojouruing in the coun-
try or trading therein under license from the proper authority of the United States,
and such as may be permitted by the Choctaws or Chickasaws with the asseut of the
United States agent to reside within their limits, without becoming citizens or mem-
bers of either of said tribes. (11 Stats., 612. )

These treaty obligations are reaffirmed in Article X of the trenty
between the United States and the Choctaw and Chickasaw I^ations,
concluded April 28, 1866, which provides as follows :

The United States reaffirms all obligations arising out of treaty stipulations or acts
of legislation with regard to the Choctaw and Chicksisaw Nations, entered into prior
to the late rebellion, and in force at that time, not inconsistent herewith ; and further
agrees to renew the payment of all annuities and other moneys accruing under such
treaty stipulations and acts of legislation, from and after the close of the fiscal year
ending on the 30th of June, in the year 1866. (14 Stats.. 774.)

Prior to the year 1885, the right of the Choctaws to execute lawful
leases was recognized, and the bonds filed by the lessees were approved
by the Department, but at the request of the Secretary of the Interior,
the Attorney-General took under consideration the question of the right
of Indians to execute leases of their reservation lands, and on July 21,
1886, he rendered an exhaustive opinion upon the subject which has
since governed the action of the Department in dealing with the matter
in the absence of any special legislation by Congress affecting the res-
ervation under consideration.

In this opinion the Attorney-General quotes section 2116 of the Ee-
vised Statutes, which provides that —

No purchase, grant, lease, or other conveyance of lands, or of any title or claim
thereto from any Indian nation, or trihe of Indians, shall be of any validity in law or
eqnity unless the same be made by treaty or convention entered into pursuant to the
Constitution.

and holds that—

This statutory provision is very general and comprehensive. Its operation does not
depend upon the nature or extent of the title to the land which the tribe or nation
may hold. Whether snoh title be a fee-simple, or a right of occupancy merely, is not
material; in either case the statute applies. It is not, therefore, deemed necessary
or important, in connection with the subject under consideration, to inquire into the
particular right or title to the above-Aientioned reservations held by the Indian
tribes or nations respectively which claim them. Whatever the right or title may
be, each of th»^se tribes or nations is precluded, by the force and effect of the statute,
from either alienating or leasing any part of its reservation, or imparting any inter-
est or claim in and to the same, without the consent of the Government of the United
States.

No general power appears to be conferred by statute upon either the President or Sec-
retary, or any other officer of the Government to make,;authorize, or approve leases of
lands held by Indian tribes ; and the absence of such power was doubtless ouo of the
main considerations which led to the adoption of the actof Fobrnary 19, 1875, chapter
90, '^ to authorize the Seneca Nation of New York Indians to lease lands within the
Cattaraugus and Allegany Reservations, and to confirm existing leases.'' The act
just cited is moreover significant as showing that, in the view of Congress, Indian
tribes can not lease their reservations without the authority of some law of the United
States.

All laws having the eflfect to prevent the Five Civilized Nations from
lawfaUy entering into leases or contracts for mining coal for a period
not exceeding ten years were, however, repealed by a proviso in sec-
tion 6 of the act of Congress establishing a United States court in the
Indian Territory, approved March 1, 1889 (25 Stats., 784), which reads
as follows :

10 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

That all laws having the effect to prevent the Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek. Chicka-
'saw, and Seminole Nations, or either of them, from lawfully entorin^j^ into h'nst-H or
contracts for niiuing coal for a period not exceeding ten years, are hereby reptale^i ;
and said conrt Hhall have jnrisdiction over all controversies arising out of said minin;;
leases or contracts and of all questions of mining ri^^jhts or invasions thereof where
the amount involved exceeds the sum of one hundred dollars.

With regard to the construction placed by the company upon the
foregoing proviso, and the object sought to be obtained by the legisla-
tiou proposed in the resobition under consideration, Mr. E. D. Cbadick,
the manager of said company, in a communication, copies of which are
herewith transmitted, dated the 1st instant, makes the following state-
ment :

We are expending money at the rate of $140,000 to ^ir>0,000 per month in the Terri-
tory in railway construction, mine development, etc., and the time must come very
soon when it will be necessary to bond the line for its continuance thron^rh the Terri-
tory east and west, and for the north and south line provided for in itci chiirlt^r. To
do this these bonds must be sold abroad or through agents of foreign houses hen%
and the ambiguous wording of the provision of the statute creating a conrt in the
Indian Territory, which ]»rovision allows, in our opinion, or in the opinion of our
counsel, the Indians to lease their lands for an indelinite period (bnt which interpre-
tation is disputed by others), renders it necessary that in Justice to ourselves there
shonld be declaratory legislation upon this subject, and the resolution now before yon
contemplates simply the validation of what has been done under this statute of doubt-
ful meaning.

The question of the construction of the provision of the act of March
1, 1889, above referred to, is raised, audit has been orally argued before
this office by the representative of the company that this act only re-
peals all laws having the elTect to prevent the Choctaw tribal govern-
ment in its national capacity' from lawfully entering into leasee for a
period not exceeding ten years, under which leases a royalty might be
collected for the treasury of said nation. It is contended that under
the section of the Choctaw constitution above quoted, the discoverer
of the mine is guarantied the exclusive right and privilege to work the
same so long as he may choose and that it passes to his heirs at his death ;
that this ciirries with it the right to control the mine, or to have it
worked under a lease or contract for a stated share of its proceeds.

In the opinion of this office this proviso is of doubtful meaning and
application.

Under the tribal constitution the original discoverer of the mine is
granted the exclusive right and privilege of working it so long as he
may choose, but under the Attorney-General's oj)inion neither the dis-
coverer nor the Choctaw nation can execute a lawful lease of it. The
proviso in thepact above referred to authorizes the nation to execute a
lawful lease of it for a period not exceeding ten years, but is silent with
regard to the rights and powers of the individual to execute a lease of
his interest in the claim. If it shall be held that the force and otlect of
this statute is to authorize the execution of coal leases by the Choctaw
Nation to the exclusion of the individual discoverer, it would seem to
deprive such original discoverer of his rights guarantied by the tribal
constitution.

I have the honor to transmit also herewith copies of an affidavit of
E. D. Ohadick, esq., manager of said company, setting forth —

That he is the m.inager of the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, and as sach
is responsible for and conversant with the busint.'ss ot said company, and fully aware
of the nature, scope, and purpose of all contracts and obligations entered into by
said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, and that the comjiany now holds, by
virtue of an act of Congress entitled ''An act to establish a United Stiites court in
the Indian Territory, and for other purposes,'' approved March 1, 1859, sixty two
leases of coal rights, made with citizens of the Choctaw Nation, either Uirccily to

GOAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. . 11

the Choctaw Coal aud Railway Company or to citizcus of the United States, and by
tbem transferred to the said company ; all the said leases being alike as to time,
terms, and conditions, and only differing as to descriptions of the coal claims cov-
ered by the separate leases and the dates and names of lessors. •

And'depouent further says that each and all of the said leases were executed in.
good faith by the said Choctaw Coal aud Railway Company, and will be carried out
to the letter if said company is not hampered by aii unfavorable construction of the
leasinjT law contained in the act of Congress before mentioned allowing Indian citi-
zens to lease their coal lands.

Deponent further says that the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company has no
right or title to or use of any leases in the Indian Territory, other than the sixty-two
herein mentioned, and that said company seeks, by the resolution now pending be-
fore Congress, the validation of these sixty-two leases, and no others.

And deponent further says that of the sixty-two leases herein mentioned not ex-
ceeding one-fourth of the whole number is valuable for working purposes, the bal-
ance being taken for the purpose of covering the claims of certain citizens of the
Choctaw Nation who had associated themselves together in different groups and had
agreed to Join all their claims and share in the profits of any claim of the whole
uomber which might prove on examination to be valuable.

I also have tbe honor to transmit herewith copies of a communication
dated the Ist instant, from Chief Mayes, of the Cherokee Nation, rela-
tive to leases in the Cherokee Nation. As the resolution under consid-
eration has reference only to leases within the Choctaw Nation, the.
Cherokees do not appear to be affected thereby.

In addition to the foregoing I also inclose copies of a communication
from Agent Bennett, of the Union Agency, Indian Territory, dated the
2d instant, with which is transmitted a report from Clerk and Acting
Agent Morris, of said agency, relative to certain transactions of em-
ployes of the company with regard to a townsite in the Indian Territory.
1 merely inclose these papers for the consideration of the Department,
with tbe suggestion that they do not a])pear to be pertinent to the con-
sideration of the matter of the leases referred to in tbe resolution. The
matters therein referred to will be made the subject of a separate report
to the Department.

Under date of the 8th instant this office received the following tele-
gram from Agent Bennett :

Choctaw poople are filing strong protests against leases of coal lauds to Choctaw
Coal and Railway Company. WiQ transmit promptly. Hold your report for their
consideration.

In compliance with the foregoing suggestion of Agent Bennett the
report of this office has been held, in order that any communication
tbe Choctaw Nation might choose to make with regard to the matter
might be considered in connection with the other documents on tile in
the case.

No such communication has been received, however, and, if it is re-
ceived in the future, it will be promptly forwarded to the Department.

I also transmit copies of another communication, dated tbe lOth ins-
tant, filed in this office by Mr. Chadick. With regard to tbQ subject
matter of the resolution, and the leases proposed to be validated thereby
he states as follows ;

' * That the royalty now paid the Indians under the leases made by the Choctaw
Coal and Railway Company are larger in amount per bushel than paid in any other
part of the United States. In the Pocahontas mining district of Wcbt Virginia the
royalty averages 12^ cents per ton ; in the Clearfield district, Pennsylvania, about 12^
to 15 cents per ton, and in no other part of the United States so far as my knowledge
goes is there anything paid higher than these figures, except in the Indian Territory,
whefe the royalty will average 20 cents per tou ou all classes of merchant coal.

Concerning the working of all the leases held by us would say that an examination
of the names of the lessors hi the different basins covered by these coal leases will
thow that all of them in each group have a common interest, and we also have in.

8. Wis. 4 46

12 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

coDtemplatiou the coDaoIidation of all the holders of all the leases into one associft-
tioii to be known as the Choctaw Citizens Royalty Association. In fact some of the
lessors have consented to joining the royalty association and all of them will, bot it
was a uiatt^T that required more time and attention than we have been able to b&-
sto^ upon it heretofore.

It is the intention ofthe company, and it is carrying out this policy as fast as prac-
ticable, of opening two or more mines in each group, so that each lease-holder may be
benetitod by its work. In proof of this fact! may mention that our first min^ ii
situated at Alderson, 6 miles east of South McAlester, the second is 16 miles east,
the third 17 miles north 'of east, the fourth 21 miles north of east, and the iifih 31 ;^«
miles east of No. 4, and all of them represent different ownerships in part, althoagh
there are some of the lessors interested in all of these mines. The sixth mine we are
opening is 71 miles east of South McAlester, 8 miles east of our junction with the St.
Lonis and iSan Francisco Railway, and 12 miles west Arom the Arkansas line. Thin
covers all the groups but one^ which comprises the leases taken by Gleason, Colemau,
Denton, and others, which will be opened at a point near Red Oak daring the coming
fall. You can readily understand from the foregoing that no injustice is bein^ dooe
in any way to the holders of these ooal ciaims, and it is, as before stated^ our object
t<o consolidate them all into one as soon as possible.

As regards the surrender or cancellation of any lease caused by our voluntary
abandonment for two consecutive >ear8, after having commenced work on the same,
I think it only a fair provision, and we are perfectly willing to aceede to it. Woald
represent that the protests, etc., now being forwarded have only one object, viz, de-
lay. They are inspired by our competitors in the coal trade, who fbresee that oar
sworn monthly .statement as to the amount of coal mined, and royalty paid, will in-
evitably force them to do the same thing before very long.

• # • • • • «

I kindly ask yon to let this matt-er go before Congress as promptly as possible owing
to the fact that we are getting so dangerously near the close of the session.

Before proceeding to the consideration of the text of the said resola-
tion, it may be proper to state that several railway companies have,
within the last few years, been granted right of way through the Choc-
taw Nation and through the vicinity of the coal lands covered by most
of the leases affected by this proposed legislation. One of these com-
panies had constructed only about 10 miles of its line before the for-
feiture limit in its right of way act expired. Another filed maps of defi-
nite location more than a year ago, but this office is not advised that
any work of construction has been begun. The Choctaw Coal and Rail-
way Company has proceeded with the work of constructing its line, and
its road is reported to be tirst-class in all respects, promising to be a
continuous highway through the Indian Territory and the Territory of
Oklahoma, which will greatly enhance the value of the products of
those Territories.

In view of the treaties, laws, and facts herein set forth and referred
to, and in view of the present advanced civilized state of the majority
of the citizens of the Choctaw Nation, I am of the opinion that they
should be given due encouragement in all proper efforts to develop the
resources of their country, and to realize as much therefrom a« practi-
cable. Due regard should also be had, in the consideration of the ques-
tions presented in this resolution, to the fact that this company has,
under the authority of the act of Congress, granting it right of way for
a line of railway through the said Territory, expended large sums of
money in the construction of a permanent and substantial highway
through the Territory, where other companies with equal franchises
have either been unable or unwilling to build their roads, thereby
greatly enhancing the value of these coal claims by affording the best
facilities for transportation.

On the other hand, it becomes the duty of this office to guard care-
fully the interests of these Indians, civilized though they be, ancl to
promptly point out the features of any proi)osed legislation which may
be deemed prejudicial thereto.

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TEBEITORY. 13

Wtth this view of the matter, I have the honor to present it to the
Department with the following suggestions :

It is providexl in these leases that they shall be in force for a period
of ninety -nine years from the date of their execution. Under the Con-
stitution of the Choctaw Nation, as hereinbefore set forth, these coal
claims are recognized as the property of the finder, and, under the cus-
toms of said nation, may descend to his heirs. It thus seems that the
nation has practically surrendered control over them, to the individual
finder, except to collect a royalty on all coal taken therefrom. These
leases provide for the payment to the nation of the royalty prescribed
by its laws, and they api>ear to leave the control of the nation over
these claims practically unchanged.

After a careful examination of the matter, I am not, however, pre-
pared to recommend legislation validating all of these leases for a period
of ninety -nine years, but, in view of the statement of Delegate Stand-
ley, of said nation) that the coal supply inmost, ff not all, of the claims
covered by these leases would be exhausted in ten years of continuous
operation, I suggest that lines 11, 12, and 13, of the resolution be modi-
tied as follows :

In line 12, strike out the word " time," and after the word " paid,'' in
line 13, insert the words —

And provided further t That said company shall have no farther right, title, or inter-
est in or tOf or jurisdiction over, any claim covered by any of said leases after the sup-
ply of coal in said claim shall have been exhausted : And provided further^ That after
work is began upon any of the claims embraced in said leases a voluntary suspension
of the continuous operation of said claim, for a period of two consecutive vears, shall
be deemed conclusive evidence that such coal supply has been exhausted: And pro-
vided further^ That the terms expret^sed in said leases with regard to time shall not be
changed except as hereinbefore provided.

It is further suggested that the word " to " in line 21 be stricken out,
and the word ^' and" be inserted in its place; and also, in the same line
that the words " or its citizens ^ be stricken out, and the words " and
the lessors ''be inserted in lieu thereof.

It was the intention of this office t^o recommend that the company be
required to begin the operation of these claims within a limited time or
forfeit its rights therein, but from the communication of Mr. Chadick,
dated the 10th instant, above referred to, it appears that the individual
lessors of these claims have (U'ganized themselves into groups, under
an arrangement whereby they share alike in the proceeds of any claim
in such group which may provevaluable. He furuher states that it is
the intention of the company, if the resolution shall become a law, to
open without unnecessary delay one or two mines in each group.

I inclose herewith copies of the statement prepared by Mr. Chadick,
showing, as he states, the groups and locations of the claims of the dif-
ferent lessors.

If the resolution shall be amended as suggested it presents the ques-
tion whether the interests of these Indians would be subserved by vali-
dating leases of these coal claims entered into by the comers under the
Choctaw constitution, said leases to run until the coal supply in the
claims covered by them shall be exhausted.

In view of the fact that the company is represented to have in pro-
cess of construction a line of railway which proposes to be an interstate
medium of transportation, and which therefore promises to be of great
influence in facilitating transportation, and stimulating production in
the Indian and Oklahoma Territories ; and in view of the further fact
that it can doubtless command sufficient means to operate these coal

14 ' COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

claims so as to secure to the Indiau the largest returns therefrom. I
have the honor to state, that if the said resolution shall be amended as
herein indicated, I see no objectiuu, so far as this office is concerned,
to its passage.

Tbe communications from the Senate and House of Kepre$ieutatiTes,
above referred to, and the resolution, are herewith returned.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

T. J. Morgan,

Commvfsioner.
The Secretary of the Interior.

Washington, D. C, A Pignut 1, 1890.

Sir: Referring to the joint resolution of Congress, now before yon for report, r&-
j^arding certain leases made to the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, I desire to
submit tbo following statement of facts directly bearing upon thissubjeot, and woald
lirst call your attention to the linancial condition and standing of the Choctaw Coal
and Railway Company and the amount which it has expended in the Indian Terri-
tory.

Of aU the numerous charters grant^ed by the Fiftieth Congress, only two roads which
secured these privileges have been built or are building, and these two are, first, the
Arkansas Valley Railway andtheChoctaw Coal and Railway Company. Speaking for
the latter, would say that we have expended np to this date over $2,000,000 in tbe
construction of our roiwl, the development of our mines, and preparations for farther
extension, south and west. We have 92 miles of road in operation — or rather G5 miles
in operation and 32 built upon the west end, which is ready, but will be operated
only when connection between the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway, and the
Atchison, Topeka and Santa F^ Railway is made. Wo have coustrncted this road io
the best manner yet known in the West. It is laid with70-ponnd steel rail and stone
ballast; with every opening, from 10 feet upward, masonry, with iron girders; under
10 feet, masonry, with triple stringers; all our depots, station-houses, and other
buildings are first class in every respect, and adapted to the reqnirements of modern
trade; we have built and are building two thousand coal cars, besides the regular
complement of box and freight cars, and the finest passenger coaches and trains w^t
of the Mississippi River, south of St. Louis. We are now mining about 500 tons of
coal each day of twenty-four hours, which amount will be iucrciiaed by the first of
the year to 1,200 tons per diem ; the royalties paid to the Indians aggregating about
$30 per day at present, to the citizens and nation combined. We have paid for e%'ery
dollar's worth of property taken, destroyed, or damaged along our line. We have
fenced the road in the most substantial manner; putting down cros^inc:8, cattle-
guards, and other appliances for safety, and have pi'eserved unhurt the cattle ranges
of the Indians, and I may add in this connection that the company, in consequence of
the precautions taken, has not killed one head o€ stock since it began operating its
trains, nor has it ever injured a passenger or % person at any of its highway crossings.

No bonds have been placed upon the road, the money being advanced by the own-
ers, who are satisfied that the development of the coal properties along the' line woald
yield them a satisfactory return. Our object in seeking to validate those leases by
the joint resolution of the two houses, is this: We are expending money at the rate
of f 140,000 to 1160,000 per month in the 'ferritory, iu railway construction, mine de-
velopments, etc., and the time must come very soon when it will be necessary to bond
the line for its continuance through the Territory east and west, and for the north
and south line provided for in its charter. To do this, these bonds must be sold
abroad or through agents of foreign houses here, and the ambiguous wording of the
provision in the statute creating a court in the Indian Territory, which provision
allows, in our opinion or in the opinion of our counsel, the Indians to lease their
lands for an indefinite period (but which interpretation is disputed by others), ren-
ders it necessary that in justice to ourselves there should be declaratory legislation
upon this subject, and the resolution now before you contemplates simply the vali-
dation of what has been done under this statute of doubtful meaning.

lam fully aware, that iu the heat of the political campaign now going on in the
Choctaw Nation, a great many charges have been made against us, as against all rail-
ways in the Territory, but can only say that we court the fullest and freest investiga-
tion in all these matters, and it will be shown in the end that we have not only kept
within the limits of our charter but have done more for the Indians and for the im-
provement of their country and the development of its resources than any other cor-

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 15

poratiou or combiixation which lias yet entered the Territory. No other company has
attempted to provide schools in its mining towns, which are free jilike to Indian and
white children ; this we have done and are doing; wherever we e8t^>lish a mine we
provide for the education of the chihlron without regard to race or color.

But it is not because we desire to sound our own praises that I call your attention
to this matter, but because of the unjust nnd unwarranted attacks which have been
made from certain interested quarters upon us, and to explain the position to yon
from the stand- point of an interested party, and yet one who is liberal enough to see
that the best interests of the company will be served by kind and fair treatment of
these Imlians, and by a strict adiiereuce to the terms^of our charier contract with the
United States. It is not alone for the amount of money we have spent that we are
entitled to recognition and protection, but for the further fact that we have main-
tained inviolate our obligations to these people, that we have not sought iuany way
to deprive them of anything justly theirs.

I would further call your attention to the fact that within a year from this date
the development of our coal mines will have reached a point where the average daily
output will range from 8,500 to 5,000 tons per day, and the royalties arisiog there-
from will be sufficient for the educatioual fund of the entire Choctaw Nation, if hon-
estly appropriated to that purpose. It was with a view to this that I placed in the
resolution a provision requiring sworn statements to be furnished by us to your
office each month for the month preceding. You will then be enabled to see for your-
self just how far we are an advantage to these people.

In the present anomalous condition of affairs in that country with the rights of the
Indians and of the railways imperfectly understood, and in many cases without es-
tahlished precedents to guide us, it is of the utmost importance that every lawful
step be taken to enconrage legitimate enterprises in the hands of men of established
good reputation, and such enterprises should be afforded every possible guaranty on
the pN't of the United States that they will not be subjected to the chances of loss or
injury which may ensue from a change of conditions that must take place in the near
future. It is for this purpose that we ask your careful attention to our case, and be-
lieve that you will find, us in every respect attempting at least to fulHU our contracts
to the letter and in the spirit in which they are made. And we have, therefore,
asked the United States Government to declare these leases valid, seeing that the
sole doubt or cloud cast upon their validity is the ambiguous wording before men-
tioned of the provision of the statute establishing aUuited States court in the Indian
Territory.

As regards the right of the Choctaw citizens to discover and hold this coal, that is
settled by the constitution of their country, which was approved and made a part of
their treaty with the United States. The right to lease is with the individual ; it is
his coul by discovery, and the constitution .makes it his right and he is not prohihited
from leasing it. The only provision in the law is, tUat the parties attempting to mine
such coal shall first make a contract with the Choctaw Natiou for six years* permit,
and deposit with the national agent a bond for $10,000 to guaranty the collection of
the royalties due the Choctaw Nation, and the observance of the Choctaw law as re-
gards the sale of liquor, etc. All these wo have complied with, and believing our-
selves fairly entitled to the recognition asked for, we have therefore appealed to you
for a favorable consideration of the same.

Trusting that this will meet with your approbation, I remain, very respectfully,

E. D. Chadick,
Manager Choctaw Coal and Railway Company,

The Commissioner op Indian Affairs.

District op Columbia, City and County of Washington^ m.

This day personally appeared before me, a notary public of the city and county of
Washington, District of Columhia, Edwin D. Chadick, who, being duly sworn, de-
lioses and says :

That he is the manager of the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, and as such is
responsible for iCud conversant with the business of said company, and fully aware of
the nature, scope, and purpose of all contracts and obligations entered into by said
Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, and that the company now holds, by virtue of
an aot of Congress, entitled *^An act to establish a United States court in the Indian
Territory, and for other purposes," approved March 1, 1B89, sixty- two leases of coal
rights, made with citizens of the Choctaw Nation, either directly to the Choctaw
Coal and Railway Company or to citizens of the United States, and by them trans-
ferred to the said company ; all the said leases being alike as to time, terms, and con-
ditionfi, and only differing as to descriptions of the coal claims covered by the sepa-
rate leases and the cTStes and names of lessors.

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

And deponent farther says, tliat each and all of the said leases were exer.nt^d in
good faith by the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, and will be carried oat
to the letter, if said company is not iiuiupered by an unfavorable coni>truction of the
leasing law contained in the act of Congress before mentioned, allowing Indian citi-
zens to lease their coal lands.

Deponent further says that the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company has no
right or title to, or use of, any leases in the Indian Territory, other than the sixty-two
herein mentioned, and that said Company seeks, by the resolution now pending before
Congress, the validation of these sixty-two leases, and no others.

And deponent further says that of the six^y-two leases herein mentioned, not ex-
ceeding one fourth of the whole number is valuable for working purposes, the balance
being taken for the purjwse of covering the claims of certain citizens of the Choctaw
Nation who had associated themselves together in different groups, and had agreed
to join all their claims, and share in the prolits of any claim of the whole nnmber,
which might prove, on examination, to be valuable.

Edwin D. Chadick,

Subscribed in my presence and sworn to before me, this 30th day of July, 1890.

Thos. Hopkins,

Notary Publie.

List of Uaaea, Choctaw Coal and Railway Company,

Name.

Residence.

Dal©

1 ■»

, TobackRcy and Gaines Counties, Choctaw NAtlou,
Ind. T.

l^obuckHey and Gaines Counties, Choctaw Nation,
Ind. T.

Moses Williams

John M.Grady

James F. Freeney

G.M.Bond

Fritz 8ittel

Kobert J. Ward

Simon James

Robert James

James F. Freeney

John M.Grady

G. M. Bond

FriteSittel

R.J.W«rd

John M.Grady 1

O^M^.Bond!?*'"!^!!!/.!! iTobiickaey and Gaines Counties, Choctaw Ifat ion,

Fritz Sitter.*!.*."!.*!!!.*."!' I

Robert J.Ward I J

Ahotnbbee < i

John M.Grady j(

James F. Freeney i (Tobncksey and Gaines Counties, Choctaw Nation,

i No. of
'Cliiiui9

Aug. 4, 1S89

An ST. 1, 1889

Ind. T.

Aujr. 1, 1889

6. M. Bond

Fritz Slttel

Robert J.Ward

Jonas Durant

John M. Grady

James F. Freeney

G.M.Bond

Fritz Sittel

Robert J.Ward

Mrs. John Adams

John M.Grady

James F. Freeney

G.M.Bond

Fritz Sittel

Robert J. Ward ,

Ahotnbbee

Ishilatnbbee

John M. Gradey

James F. Freeney

G.M.Bond

Frits Sittel

Robert J.Ward

James A mature

John M. Grady, as

ffaardian of itenry

Freeney, a minor.

Josiah Gardner

G.M.Bond

James J. Mc Alester.by

his attorney in fact.

Josiah GaFdner.

John M.Grady

J.F.Freeney

Ind. T.

I Tobncksey and Gaines Connties, Choctaw Nation,
r Ind. T.

Tobncksey and Gaines Connties, Choctaw Nation,
Ind. T.

Tobiickscy and Gaines Counties, Choctaw Nation,
Ind.T.

Choctaw Nation, Ind. T

I Choctaw Nation, Ind. T

Aug. 1, 1889

Anjr.l, 1880

Aug.], 1889

Aug. 1, 1889

^ o

Aug.*!. 1880

lS8f>

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERBITORY.
List of leases, Choctaw Coal and Raib^ay Company— Contlnneil,

Name.

Rosidonce.

James F. Freeney

John M. Grady

G.M.BoDd

Robert J. Ward

Jonas Durant

John Donton

H.H.Gl6a800

JohD M.Grady

J. F. FHx^ney

John M. Grady

J. F. Freene.v

John M. Grady

J. F. Fi-eenisy

John M. Grady, j^uard-
iau of Henry Freeney.

John M.Grady

James Anacher

John M. Grady

Jesse Carter

John M.Grady

James F. Freeney

John M. Grady

G.M.lk>ud

Robert J. Ward

Jonas Durant

John Denton

M. H Gleason

Bubbard M.^ Qaincy,
guardian of Ellis An-
olatubbee, infant heir
of Martin Anolatab-
bee. deceased.

M. H. Gleason

John M. Grady

R. O. Edmunds

John Benton

R. O. Edmunds

M. H. Gleason

R. B. Coleman

M. H. Gleason

R.O. Edmunds

Morris Green

Handy La Flore

M. H. Gleason

R. O. Edmunds

Morris Green.

Joshua McCurtin

M. H.Gleasou

R.O. Edmunds

John Denton

M. H, Gleason

.Morris Green

R. O. Edmunds

John Denton

M.H. Gleason

R. O. Edmunds

John Donton.'

M. H. Gleason

John M.Grady

R.O Edmuuds

John Denton

M. H. Gleason

John M.Grady

James F Freeney

R. O. Edmunds «.

John Denton

Robert J. Ward

I/omon Jack

Hampton Perry

Austin Nelson '.....

Tom Folsom

John Slaughter

Robert C. Miller

Maria Miller

Letisey Hartdns

S.C. liewis

Jackson Penis

Robert Carter

Josiah Gardner ..- • •

Kinesbnry Harkins —

Beckey wealy

L. Worcester

Nicholas Worcester . . .

} Choctaw Nation, Ind. T

I Choctaw Nation. Ind. T

I Gaines County, Choctaw Nation, Ind. T .

^ Choctaw Nation, Ind. T

Indian Territory

Choctaw Nation, Ind T

I Choctaw Nation, Ind. T

I Choctaw Nation, Tobucksey County, Ind. T.

^ Gaines County, Choctaw Nation, Ind. T

Tobucksey County, Choctaw Nation, Ind. T.

I, Tobucksey and Gaines Counties, Chootaw Nation;

I Ind.T.

r Gaines and Tobucksey Counties, Choctaw Nation,
C Ind T.

Tobucksey, Gaines, and Sugar Loaf Counties, Choc-
taw Nation, Ind. T.

[ Tobucksey, Gaines, and Sugar Loaf Counties. Choc
I taw Naiion, Ind. T.

r Tobucksey and Gaines Counties, Choctaw Natiou,
( Ind. T.

Tobucksey, Sugar Loaf, and Gaiues Counties, Choc-
taw Nation, Ind. T.

Tobucksey and Gaiues Counties, Choctaw Nation,
Ind. T.

Tobucksey and Gaines Counties, Choctaw Nation,
Ind.T.

V Tobucksey and Gaines Counties, Choctaw Nation,
Ind.T.

^ Wade, Sugar Loaf, and SouUyville Counties, Ind. T.

' Tobucksey County. Choctaw Nation, Ind. T

Tobucksey County, Choctaw Nation, Ind. T

! ■

Date.

No. of
Claims.

Aug.

1,1889

1889

1880

1889

•

Deo.

2,1889

Mar.

7,1890

Mar.

7,1890

Mar.

7,1890

Mar.

7,1890

Mar.

7,1890

Mar.

7.1890

Mar. 7.1890
Mar. 7,1890

Mar. 7,1890

Apr. 8,1800

Feb. 4,1890

Feb. 17,1890

S. Mis. 223-

18 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

Executive Department, Cherokee Nation, Indian Terrtiory,

Tahlequah, Augnst 1, 1890.

Dear Sir : Inclosed please find a copy of protest I have sent to Confess against
the passage of a joint resolution for iudividuais of uiy own tribe to lease our coal
mines to non-citizens. This is a scheme to deprive our people of the full benedt of
our public property and in violation of our laws.

Please see that this imposition is not put upon us. I send a copy of laws in regard
to minerals.

Very respectfully,

J. B. Matks,

Principal Chief.
Hon. John T. Morgan,

CommisHoner of Indian Affairif WaBhington, D. C

A PROTEST AGAINST SENATE JOINT RESOLITTION 114, AND AGAINST HOUSE JOINT

RESOLUTION 193.

The purpose of these resolutions is to ratify and confirm the coal lease made by
Choctaw citizens to the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company.

They likewise contain the following:

"That all citizens of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Nations shall
have the right and privilege of leasing coal and mineral rights as herein granted to
the citizens of the Choctaw Nation."

According to Cherokee law the lands and their natural products are the common
property of the Cherokee Nation, to be 'used ad libitum by Cherokee citizens for per-
sonal or private purposes. No citizen is permitted to speculate in these products
except within the nation and to its citizens, unless otherwise authorized by law. To
operate a mine for coal or for any kind of mineral, ^old and silver excepted, a license
must be obtained from the treasurer upon a bond given to his satisfaction to secure
a specified royalty to the Cherokee Nation. The law authorizes such citizens or com-
pany of citizens to associate with himself or themselves citizens of the United Stat4«
upon such t-erms as may be agreeable to nil parties and consistent with the law, but
no subleasing or transfer of lease is permitted.

The language of the provision quoted, or of either of the resolutions, is not so clear
and guarded as to requira a strict conformity with Cherokee law on the subject in
granting to Cherokee citizens the right and privilege of leaning coal and mineral
rights to citizens of the United States, or to prevent Cherokee citizens from so leasing
without the authority of Cherokee law.

The absence of a clearly specified compliance with Cherokee law, as a necessary
condition precedent to such leasing, carries with it the implied protection of the
United States Government and the enforcement of leases so made, despite Cherokee
law on the subject.

If Cherokee authority, regulating the lease of coal and mineral rights in the Cher-
okee country, is not to be respected, those resolutions, to the extent of the right and
privilege grauted, annuls the guaranty of the United States to the Cherokee Nation
in —

"The right by their national councils to make and carry into effect such laws as
they shall deem necessary for the persons and property in their own country, belong-
ing to their own people, or such persons as have connected themselves with them."

This loose and unqualified manner of authorizing the proposed leases will prove as
good an opportunity as many Cherokee citizens will want to monopolize that which,
under Cherokee law and the present tenure of lands, is the common property of all :
and there being no limit to the leases or to the quantity of mineral lands to be leased,
these conditions are entirely leit to the discretion of the parties. Coal being in
greater or less quantities all over the country, the leases could not only be co-exten
sive with its supposed presence and of other minerals, but could be extended t-o such
time as to amount, in etlect, to an absolute sale of such property throughout the en-
tire country.

It is certainly questionable, if nothing more serious, that Congress in any sense of-
accommodation or alleged necessity can assume the right, unless for public purposes,
to separate the natural products of a country from Us lands, so that in granting a

Srivilege there may be no interference with the ownership of the lands. If Congress
as the right to authorize citizens of an Indian nation, w^hose l^nds are held in com-
mon, to lease for an indeliuit^ time the coal or other minerals of such nation it cer-
tainly can, without any great stretch of authority, legalize a leaseof any quantity of
lands s6 held, and for any period of time, by the citizens of such Indian nation to
citizens of the United States.

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 19

This privilege will iu ti{ii»> prove, should eilhor one of these resolutions beaffiroied,
a direct hindrance to the policy of the United States to change the tenure of Indian
lauds in common to that of severalty among the meinb^rs. The argument that such
leases will not interfere wi^h the use and occupancy of the lauds by Indian citizens
is too misenible an excuse for such leases to be seriously entertained.

There are thousands of acres of land in the Cherokee Nation which, if they contain
no mineral, ara nearly worthless, yet iu tbe event of allotment, must in part at least,
become the pro rata sliare of Cherokee citizens.

Should the other Indian nations, to whom this peculiar privilege is to be extended,
not object to the passage of either of these resolutions, we respectfully request that
the Cherokee Nation remain undisturbed in the right to manage its own mineral
interests.

John L. Adair,
Cherokee Delegate,

Washington, D. C, July 25, 1890.

Washington, D. C, August 2, 1890.

Sir: Relative to the matter of the proposed legislation to legalize certain co^l
leases iu the Indian country, and in the jurisdiction of Indian agency, I have the
honor to transmit herewith a report of Acting A^^ent Frjsd. Morris, dated McAlester,
Ind. T., July 28, 1890, said report being accompanied by a number of affidavits and ex-
hibits. Mr. Morris very fully sets forth the operations of the Choctaw Coaland Rail-
way Company. The plea of the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company that, having
invested large sums of money in the Choctaw Nation, they ought to have this legis-
lation which grants them a ninety-nine year monopoly, in order to protect their capi-
. tal, would be commonly called the plea of the '' baby act.'' In this connection I cite
to you thewfact that the Osage Coal and Mining Company, the Kansas and Texas Coal
Company, and several other coal and mining companies, have been operating for
many years in the Choctaw Nation under the laws of said nation, and have been
amply protected in their investments. The Choctaw Coal and Railway Company will
be similarly secure iu its investments if its operations are confined within the scope
of its chartered rights.

The proposed leases are virtual sales of the lands. If legalized they will defeat
every step taken to upbuild the Indians. With their country plastered over with
leases, these people would encounter an insurmountable barrier to the individualiza-
tion of their lands, their progress to a higher development would be obstructed, their
tribal relations would be perpetuated, the sense of personal independence would be
destroyed, and would defeat what hasseemeil the purpose of all prior legislation, the
tinal absorption of the Indians into American citizenship. The Indian people are
unanimously opposed to these leases, and those which have been signed are either
made with ignorant Indians and under a misapprehension, or as is the case of Lease
No. 109, series O,'' made with an infant still drawing the milk ofiife from its mother's
breast.

I most respectiuUy ask a most careful scrutiny of the facts in this case, believing
that, if you can understand the situation, you will appreciate the evils that would
result, and will take such action as will assure to the Indian people undisturbed con-
trol of their own lands.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Leo. E. Bennett,
United States Indian Agent,

The Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

McAlester, Ind. T., July 28, 1890.

Dear Sir : In respon*^ to your telegram of the 27th inst., I came here this morning
and met Mr. Phillips, who was just boarding the traiu for a two days' absence. He
referred me to J. J. McAlester and W. B. Aiusworth, who have rendered me all the
assistance in their power. I went over to South McAlester and found it booming,
new houses being built and streets being laid out, this latter being done under the
supervision of one Shymer, who, it appears, is in the employ of Ed. Chadick.
No doubt exists in the minds of any one of the many to whom I talked as to prime
movers in this enterprise, or the persons who are to be benefited thereby. But to se-
cnre proof, or the sworn statement of persons who know, is a different matter, and
almost, if not quite, impossible of accomplishment.

20 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

It is ostensibly being done in the name of Fritz Sittic, who is an intermarried citi-
zen of the Choctaw Nation. I have been Hhowu receipts for rent of town lots in tlie
town of Sonth McAlester, signed by £d. Chadick, agent for Fritz Sittle^per Shj-
mer, who is evidently Chadick's a^cnt.

In the affidavit of W. B. Smith it is stated that he type- wrote from the dictatiou
of Mr. Chadick an agreement between the said £d. Chadick and Ed. SittJe, parties
on the one part, and Fritz Sittle, party of the other part, in which it was provided
that the said Ed. Chadick and Ed. Sittle were to lease town lots as the agent of the
said Fritz Sittle only; that the said land over which they were thaa constituted
agents was surveyed into tpwn lots and fenced, and that it contained abont H miles
square. The land, or tract of land, as now fenced and held subject to lease by these
parties is more than double those dimensions. Mr. Smith, who wrote the agreement,
states Airther that if any compensation was named for their services in thns acting as
agent he does not remember what it was. That an agreement of this charact4*r did
exist is further evidenced by the press copy of the contract submitt'ed to Mr. Mc-
Alester for his signature, and in which Mr. Chadick is named as the agent of Frit^
Sittle, and which Mr. McAlester refused to sign as being in violation of the Choctaw
law. Mr. Chadick has made several futile attempts to lecover this lease sent to Mr.
McAlester, so I am informed. Town lots leased more recently are leased for a term
of one year, payable monthly in advance; they are made without a written con-
tract. The rent is collected by Shymer, who receipts, as above stated, Ed. Chadick,
agent for Fritz Sittle, per Shymer.

It thus would appear that Ed. Chadick, who is the superintendent of a wealthy
railroad company, is acting as the agent for a Choctaw citizen in leasing lots, with no
apparent compensation, and employing watchmen and officers to keep Choctaw citi-
zens from settling thereon ; for Jack Ellis, who is the constable for the United States
Court at So. McAlester, stated to Mr. Pate that he received $50 per month to ran a
bluff on people (Choctaws) who presumed upon their rights as citizens of the Choctaw
Nation to settle upon Choctaw soil ; and when Mr. Pate persist'ed in asserting his
rights as a Choctaw and prosecuted the work on his building, be admitted that he
had no further authority or power to 8top him. That Mr. Chadick has an interest in
these lots and in this town site is evidenced by the complaint filed with the deputy
clerk of the court for the Indian Territory at So. McAlester, in which he became a
party with Ect. and Fritz Sittle in a suit in forcible entry and detainer against George
A. Pate and Arlington Fell, stating that they (the plaintiffs) were in posse-ssion of
block No. 47, etc., and demand damages in the snm of |k.'')0 for such nnlawfnl detention
on the part of the defendants. This proceeding is entirely out of order on the part of
** agents only." Mr. G. A. Pate, who is one of the defendant's in this caae, make^ a
sworn statement relative*to his taking up of this land, which is herewith transmitted.
In this he states that Mr. Shymer stated upon this occasion, in ordering Mr. Pate
off the premises, that he was acting as Mr. Cliadick's agent. While on the one hand
it is alleged that Mr. Chadick is Iritz Sittlo's agent, when it comes to the question
of a suit in the Choctaw courts Mr. Sittle and his partners dodge the issue.

Under the Choctaw law a citizei of the Choctaw Nation is entitled to one-quarter
of a mile from his improvement except where a town has been formed. The town of
South McAlester has here been surveyed and town lots laid out, and the town naDLe<l;
a town formed for the purpose improving the advantages offered by the junction of
the two railroads, and under the Choctaw law any unoccupied town lot may betaken
np and built upon by any citizen of the Choctaw Nation, and these people are greatly
incensed that (as one of them said to me) two Dutchmen, who did not hesitate to per-
jure themselves when it served their purpose, and the representative of a corporation
should order them off of their own soil. That Mr. Chadick has an interest in the town
site of South McAlester is further evidenced by the sworn statement of Mr. McAlester
that Mr. Sittle told him that he had received from Mr. Chadick |2,000 for his prop-
erty there; and this is corroborated by the affidavit of Josiah Gardner, who is a reli-
able Choctaw citizen, that he heard Mr. Chadick say to Mr. Sittle that " be (Chadick)
had promised to pay tp him (Sittle) 2^*2,000 for the hay, the sand, and the whole
business, and that he had paid him all he had promised."

It might be a partinent question why had Mr. Chadick refused $^500 from Mr.
McAlester to bring the road to the old town of McAlester and paid Mr. Sittle $200 for
his interests at South McAlester, and built the road by it« present course at an esti-
mated additional cost of abont ^^)0,000, and it is a question that, in view of what has
transpired, has been answered, because the present location afforded privileges fgr
town siting that the old town of McAlester did not. It appears that the men em-
ployed in the construction of buildings upon this town site are em^doyed by Mr.
Chadick and, as stated to Mr. McAlester and reported by him under oatjit are carried
upon the pay-roll of the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company. It is said that one of
tnese buildings now in process of erection will cost $60,000 when completed ; this
building is to be used as a hotel and stores when completed.

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY, 21

•..

The Sittles until recently had less than (1,000 j this is a notorions fact. Dr. Hailey
Btated to me that he once owned the j^laoe now chiitned hy Fritz Sittio and bougbt. it
for $35. -Some of the evidence submitted is direct and shows conclusively that Ed.
Chadick and Ed. Sittle, two Unit<ed States citizens, are members of a syndicate en-
gaged in leasing town lots; the bahiuoe fs of a character that is corroborative, and
'calculated to warrant the ctmclusion that has been reached in the matter by every
one who is acquainted with the town, to wit,, that Ed. Chadick either is the agent or
snperintendent of the Choctaw Railway Company, or as the manager of a side cor-
poration is engaged in town-siting and leasing land in an Indian country in violation
of the Indian laws and the statutes of the United States.

The coal lease, a copy of which is herewith transmitted, is the form used by the
Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, and as can be seen, is invalid in law, and
moreover has the appearance of being misleading in its provisions. I learn that one
hundred and sixty of these leases were made before the road was iu operation and
that they cover a distance of 50 miles or more j that a large portion of this land in-
cludes that which has been pre-empted and occupied by Choctaw citizens for many
years. The Choctaw people have known of these leases and laughed at their ab-
surdity, but since the matter has been taken to Congress for the purpose of having
them legalized, have taken a more serious view of the matter, but still do not believe
that any measure so unjust can become a law, and are now preparing a protest against
it. I have the assurance of some intelligent and prominent men among them that a
memorial will be forwarded as soon as it can be prepared that will show fally that
the iudorsement of these leases by Congress would aid and abet the most nefarious
scheme of land- grabbing that was ever perpetrated iu any country.. I can not do the
matter justice i^ the time that I feel has been allotted me for the purpose. I might
remain another day and delay these papere so much longer, but I do not know that I
could get anything more definite or to the point than the complaint of Messrs. Sittles
and Chadick, and the copies of the lease sent for Mr. McAlester's signature, with the
statements of Messrs. McAlester, Smith, and Gardner.

I conld find noone who had any defini te knowledge of George Chadick's connection
in these matters, though it was said that he is reported to have made leases with
individual citizens.

At Hartshorn it was the same as at South McAlester, Mr. Edwin Ludlow operating
there as Chadick does here, he himself having a house iu town (not on the right of
way) and leases lots for building purposes.

Now the business is conducted differently. Mr. Bond, a citizen of the nation hav>
ing been interested in the bnsiness, a quit claim is made ont by him and sold to any
person who is in the country by authority of law; and I learned that other little
towns are b(;ing built up iu the same manner all along flie lino of road ; and that
whoever it may be who holds the claim to that land under the Choctaw laws, the
otlicials of the Choctaw road are the persons with whom the leases are made. There
arc men of judgment and dincretion who have been offered lots free of cost at South
McAlester, but who deemed their tenures so risky nnder the t«rms proposed by
Cba<l^ck that they have refused to accept the offers made them. Ton direct me to
show by affidavit the relationship between Ed. and George Chadick ; both of them
are out of town. Mr. Smith states that they are half brothers, and his atlidavit shows
what their bnsiness relations are, also. I might add that in the case of Pate and Felt,
they gave a bond of $4,000 and still retain possession of the lot in controversy, and have
nearly completed a two story house thereon. Mr. McAlester is still in possession and
completing his building, waiting t-a defend his right to build in the courts when
called upon. The affidavits should be read in the order as numbered.
Very respectfully,

Fred Morris,
Acting Indian Agent

Leo E. Benxett,

Unitetl States Indian Ageni^ Wasliingion, D, C,

Before me, a United States commissioner iu and for the western district of Arkan-
sas, appeared Walter C. Smith, of lawful age, who being by me first duly sworn ac-
comiug to law this 2dth day of July, WJO^ deposes and says, that he is a citizen of
the United States, and has resided in South McAlester in the Indian Territory for a
period of seventeen months.

Q. In what business have you been engaged t — A. Have been engaged as Mr. Ed.
Ch ad ick's private stenographer, snperintendent of telegraph of Choctaw Coal and
Railway Company, and proprietor of the Delicatessen at South McAlester, in which
business I am at present, also, and in connection with which I am assistant postmaster.

Q. How long were ^rou connected with Mr. Chadick t— A. About one year in the
Territory and about six months doing business as a public stenographer iu Hotel La
Fayette, Philadelphia.

22 COAi;. LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

Q. Wbat was the uatare of your bnsiness while thus employed f — A. A general
answer to this qaestion would be a breach of contidcuce. Any special question joa
may ask, if I can conscientiously , I will answer.

Q. Are you able to state from the knowledge stained while in Mr. Chadick's employ
anything as t.othe character of the lease by which lots are held and sublet in the
town of South McAlester, by Mr. Ed. Cbadick of the Choctaw Coal and Railway Com"
pany f — A. The agreement which I type- wrote at Mr. Ed. Chadick's dictation invested
in him (Cbadick) and Ed. Sittle, Fritz Sittle's father, the right to Isase lands as'&gents
only, these lands are marked by survey and line offence, the land being held by Fritz
Sittle by viitue of his right of citizenship in the Choctaw Nation.

Q. What compensation did Messrs. Cbadick and Ed. Sittle receive for so acting as
agents? — A. I don't know ; if a compensation was mentioned in the contract I don't
remember it.

Q. How much land is comprised in the contract made with Fritz Sittle above men-
tioned T — A. About 1^ miles square or more.

Q. Has this tract of land been surveyed into town lots f — A. Yes.

Q. By whom was it surveyed f — A. By the engineers connected with the Choctaw
Coal and Railway Company.

Q. At whose expense was it surveyed f — A. I don't know.

Q. Are these t^wn loU so surveved sublet to non-citizens and others by Ed. Cba-
dick and Ed. Sittle f — A. Yes. I have one.

Q. Upon what terms? — A. It depends on location.

Q. For how long a term do you lease T — A. For one year.

Q. To whom do you pay your rents T — A. To the agent of Ed. Cbadick, receipt
therefor being signed Fritz Sittle, per pro.

Q. What bcnoht is derived by Cbadick and Ed. Sittle from this arrangement f—
A. Leave that for surmise ; I don't know.

Q. Is the tract of laud mentioned and surveyed and included in the contract be-
tween Messrs. Ed. Cbadick and Ed. Sittle on the one part and Fritz Sittle on the
other a coal claim? — A. A drilling for coal by the Choctaw Coal and Railway Com-
pany drilling outfit, on the claim formerly own«d by Henry Franth, an Indian citi-
zen, which claim is within 300 yards of Fritz Sittle's claim, failed to find coal at a
depth of about 700 feet.

Q. Do you know of any cases where town lots have been leased at South McAlester
for a term of 99 yeai"a or for more than one year? — A. Do not know of a single in-
stance.

Q. Is the style of coal lease exhibited to you by mo and marked Exhibit A the same
as used bv the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company ineftecting a lease from private
citizens of tbe Choctaw Nation ? — A. It is the same.

Q. Have these leases been used for the securing of other lands aside from coal
claims? — A. No. They are strictly for coal, as exhibit shows.

Q. Do you know if George Cbadick has made leases of coal lands in his own name
with private citzens? — A. Have heard so, but know nothing of it.

Q. What relation is George Cbadick to Ed. Cbadiek ?— A. Half brother. ^

(^. Is George Cbadick connected with or employed by the Choctaw Coal and Rail-
way Company ? — A. I do not know.

Q. Does the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company own buildings erected at South
McAlester on land other than that granted for right of way and other purposes ? — A.
They collect the rents, as agents, as I understand. •

Walter C. Smith.

Sworn to and subscribed before me, this 28th day of July, 1890.

Fred Morris,
United States CommUsioHer.

Before me, a United States Commissioner in and for the western district of Ar-
kansas, this "2iiih day of July, 1890, appeared jJ. J. McAlester, who b^iug by me duly
sworn according to law, states upon his oath that —

He is a citizen of the Clioctaw Nation, and a resident of the town of McAlester;
that in January, 1890, and in conversation with Ed. Sittle, in which a discussion wa«i
had relative to the depreciation in values at tbe old town of McAlester as the busi-
ness would go to the new town of South McAlester, the said Ed. Sittle tiad stated to
him that he should stay with the old town ; that he had sold his place, the present
town-site of South McAlester. to the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company for $2,000.

Affiant further states that Ed. Cbadick, early in or during the constrnctiou of the
said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company's road, invited him to come to the new
town of South McAl§«j:er aud build a store, and said that affiant was at liberty to lo-
cate the store upon auy lot or place that suited affiant. Affiant did accordingly after-

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 23

ward go there and select a lot and coinuieuced the erection of a store-house thereupon,
and was a little later requested by the said Ed. Obadick to sign a lease fav said Itot, a
copy of which is hereto attached, marked Exhibit B, which affiant declined to sign,
because it was illegal and not in accordance with the laws of the Choctaw Nation.

Affiant further states that he was told by the foreman in charge of a building now
in course of coustrnction upon Indian lands, that the said Choctaw Coal and Rail-
way Company were the owners of said property; that the men employed in its con-
struction were paid by the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, and that they
were carried on the pay-roll of said company.

Jab. J. MgAlestrr.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28th day of July, ld90.

Fred. Morris,
United Slates Commissioner,

Before me this 28th d^y of July, 1890, appeared Josiah Gardner, who being by me
duly sworn states on oath that he is a citizen of the Choctaw Nation, and resides at
McAlestcr, in the Choctaw Nation ; that some time in the month of March ho was at
South McAIester, and that he heard a conversation between Ed. Chadick and Ed.
Sittle, and during the conversation it transpired that Chadick said to Stttle that he
hail been offered $3,500 by Mr. McAIester to have the road go through the old town
of McAIester, and had offere<i Sittle. $*2.000 to allow the rofid to go there, and in ihe
conversation Chadick said, '*! promised to give you $2,000 for the grass and the
sand and the whole business, and I have paid yon all I promised."

JosiAii (his X mark) Gardner.

Witness:

W. B. A INS WORTH.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28th day of July, 1890.

Fred. Morris,
United' Stntes Commissioner,

G. A. Pate, being by me duly sworn, states as follows: I am a citizen of the Choc-
taw Nation; reside in Atoka County ; came to South McAIester on or about the 23d
jday of June, 1890 ; employed hands and proceeded to inclose a vacant town lot ; was
ordered to quit the premises by one Kirkpatrick, special watchman of the Choctaw
CoiH and Railway Company. When I had nearly completed my work, one Shyner put
a wagon and team in my way to prevent my inclosing my lot. I asked him to move it.
He said: *' No, you have no right to fence this ; it belongs to the railroad company.''
I then asked him in the presence of several others if he was acting as Frit Sit tic's
agent or the agent of Chad wick when he run the wagon in my way. He replied, " I
was acting as Mr. Chad wick's agenf

G. A. Pate.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28th day of July, 1890.

Frkd. Morris,
United St^ites Commissioner,

This Indenture, made In duplicate, this the day of , A. D. 1889, be-
tween , citizens ot County, nation, and in the Indian Ter-
ritory, of the one part, and the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, a corporation
organized under the laws of the State of Minnesota, of the other part.

Witnesseth : That said , for and in consideration of the sura of one dollar to

in hand paid by the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, the receipt

whereof is hereby acknowledged, and the rents and covenants hereinafter mentioned
to be paid, kept, and performed by the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company or
assigns, ha — granted and leased, and by these presents do grant nud liM.se unto the said

Choctaw Coal and Railway Company and assign:), certain c»>al claim lying

and being situated in County, nation, and described as follows:

the same Doing the coal claim recorded by the said in the records of said

county in said ' nation, in record book No. , pages (inclu-

sive) ; and the exclusive right and privilege to mine for coal and take coal for its own
use and bouelit^ and for market, from said claim under th conditions hereinafter

24 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

named. And it is understood and agroed to that the above description of the coal
claim heroin leased is not as accuiate as an actual survey giving field notes by metes
and bounds, and if such a survey shall be made, the parties hereto a^ree that it aball
be accepted and taken to be a more definite description of the coal claim herein leased,
and shall determine and fix the description of the coal claim this lease is intended to

cover by the parties hereto. And the said also a^ree that the Choctaw Coal

and Railway Company and assigns shall have the exclusive right and grant to erect,
construct, and use any and all buildings, iuclosures, machiuei*>% tools, and apparatus
used and required in mining, or used and required by said company in conucctiou
with the object and purnose of this lease, and to have all labor, mechanics, arti&aos,
and employ 68, and all other persons permitted by said company, or it« legal represent-
atives and assigns, at will, on said coal claim and the premises thereto attached, to
be and remain during the pendency of this lease.

This lease shall be in force for the term of ninety-nine years from the date of thia
indenture, or so long as the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company and aasigiu

shall observe the laws of the nation and perform the agreements of this lease ;

it being understood and agreed to that there is not to be paid or demanded any other
or further consideration for the rental of said coal claim and the use of the premises
thereto attached than three* fourths of 1 cent per bushel of 85 pounds of morchant
coal royalty. It is the intention of the parties, and agreed to, that this lease shall
remain in force and effect for a period or term not exceeding ninety-nine years, unless
the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company or assigns shall give notice in writing

to the said heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns not less than thirty

days of its intention to cancel the same; and upon the giving of said notice the right
to renew shall cease. *

The said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company and assigns shall have the right to
assign this lease or sublet any part of the coal claim or privileges hereby granted and
leii.sed U) it. And the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company or assigns shall pay

to the said — heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns one-fourth of I cent

for each bushel of 85 pounds merchant coal royalty taken from any mine or mines on
said claim herein leased, and shall pay to the lawful authorities of nation one-
half of 1 cent for each bushel of 85 pounds merchant coal so mined and taken;
making a total royalty of three-fourths of 1 cent for each bushel of coal so taken
from said mine.

And the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company or assigns shall commence oper-
ating the said mine, on said claim, within twelve months after it shall havo completed
and operated a branch line from Ita main line of railroad in said Indian Territory to
said mine or coal claim.

The said — -■ covenant and agree, with the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Com-
pany and assigns that they, paying the royalty aforesaid and performing the covenants
herein contained and to be by them performed, shall peaceably hold and enjoy said

leased coal claim and privileges without hindrance or interruption by the said or

any other person or persons whomsoever ; the said for sel — and heirs,

executors, administrators, and assigns, hereby agree to warrant and defend the pos-
session of said leased coal claim and privileges and rights herein expressed unto the
said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company and assigns against^the right of any and all
persons whomsoever entering thereon or enjoying the privileges leased heroin during
the existence of this lease.

In witness whereof we have this day affixed our hands and seals (using scrolls for

seals) at of in the said Nation.

Attest :

The foregoing lesise was by mo this day recorded in record book No. , on page

(inclusive) of the records of County, Nation, Indian Territory.

Cotmty Clerk of , County^ Nation, Indian Territory.

To whom it may concern :

This is to certify that upon the date of recording the foregoing lease of coal claim

by to the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, — : ■ was the county clerk of

County, of Nation, and was his lawful deputy.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and the seal of County,

Nation, Indian Territory.

County and Probate Judge of County^ Nationf Indian Territory,

COAL LEASES IN T«E INDIAN TERRITORY. 25

[In the T7ntt«<l States court fur tbe Indian Territory. Edward Sitt«l. Edwio D. Chadick. and Frits
Sittel plaiutifftn, v$. George A. Pule and Arlington Fplln.dercDdauts. Second judicial division, Indian
T(^rrU4>ry, United States of America. Complaiot at iaw.j

Plaintifis coDipIain of the above-named defendants, George A. Pate and Arlington
Fille, for that on the 23d day of June, 1U90^ they were in posseseion of block 47,
between First and Second street-s in tbe town of Soath McAlester, in the second judi-
cial division in the Indian Territory^ and were then and now entitled to possession
of the same, and that npon the 23d day of Jane, 1690, the said dofendaute did nnlaw-.
fully and forcibly enter into and upou said land and look possession of same without
consent of said plaintiffs, and have ever since and do now unlawfully hold the same
with force and a strong hand, and that said plaintiffs did on the 24th day of June,
1990, canse to beser^-ed on said defendants a written demand or notice, notifying said
defendants to quit or leave said premises or land, or deliver possession of same to
said plaintiffs.

Plaintiffs therefore ask that a writ of possession be issued, and that plaintiff be put
in possf'SMJon of said land, and for damages in the sum of |50 for the unlawful detention
of the same.

That the plaiiitifls are all white men and citizens of the United States, and that
the defendants are citizens of the Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory.

Harrison, Pasco &. Harrison,
James Wilson,
J. C. Clock,

Attorneys for Plaintiffs.

I, Edward Sittle, being first duly sworn, say that each and every allegation and
averment in the foregoing complaint is true in snbstauce and in fact.

Edward Sittlk.

Subscribed and sworn to before me the 24th day of Jane, 1890.

Wm. Nelson,

Clerk.
By T. H. Foster,

Deputy,

I, the undersigned, hereby certify that the foregoing is a tnie and correct copy of
a complaint filed in the office of the olerk of the United States conrt for the second
Judicial district of the Indian Territory at South McAlester.

Fred. Morris,
United States Commissioner,
McAlester, Ind. T., July 2d, 1890.

Washington, D. C, August 10, 1890.

Sir : Referring to the conversation had with you this a. m., I desire to state that the
royalty now paid the Indians under the leases made by the Choctaw Coal and Railway
Company are larger in amount per bushel than paid in any other part of .the United
States. In the Pocahontas mining district of West Virginia, the royalty averages 12|
cents per ton ; in the Clearfield district, Pennsylvania, iibout 12^ to 15 cents per ton,
and in no other part of the United States, so far as my knowledge goes, is there any-
thing paid higher than these figures, except in the Indian Territory, where the roy-
alty will average 20 cents per ton on all classes of merchant coal.

Concerning the working of all the leases held by us, would say that an examina-
tion of the names of the lessors in the different basins covered l)y these coal leases
will show that all of them in each group have a common interest, aud we also have
in contemplation the consolidation of all the holders of all the leases into one asso-
ciation, to be known as t6c Choctaw Citizens Royalty Association. In fact, some of
the lessors have consented to joining the royalty association, and all of them will, but
it was a matter that required more time and attention than we have been able to be-
stow npon it heretofore.

It is the intention of the company, and it is carrying ont this policy as fast as
practicable, of opening two or more mines in each group, so that each leaseholder
may be benefited by its work. In proof of this fact I may mention that our first mine
is situated at Alderson, G miles east of South McAlester, the second is 16 miles east,
the third 17 miles north of east, the fourth 21 miles north of east, and tbe fifth 31i^x
miles east of tbe No. 4, and all of them represent different ownerships in part, although
there are some of the lessors interested in all of these mines. The sixth mine we are
opening is 71 miles east of SonTh McAlester, 8 miles east of our junction with the St.
Louis aud San Francisco Railway, and 12 miles west ttom the Arkansas line. This

26 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

covers all the groups but one, which comprises the leases taken by Gleason, Colemao,
DentoD, and others, which will be opened at a point near Red Oak during the com-
ing fall. Yon can readily understand from the foregoing that no injustice is being
done in any way to the holders of these coal claims, and it is, as before stat^^d, oar ob-
ject to oonsolidate them all into one as soon as possible.

As regards the surrender or cancellation of any lease caused by onr voluutary aban-
donment for two consecutive years after having commenced work on the same, I think
it only a fair provision and we are perfectly willing to accede to it.

1 kindly ask you to let this matter go before Congress as promptly as possible owing
to the fact that we are getting so dangerously near the close of the session.
I remain, very resi^ectfully,

E. D. Chadick.
Manager Choctaw Coal and Railway Company,
Hon. T. J. Morgan,

Commissioner of Indian Affairs,

N. B. — Would represent that the protest*, etc., now being forwarded, have only
one'object, viz, delay. They are inspired by our competitors in the coal trade, who
foresee that our sworn monthly statement as to the amount of coal mined and roy-
alty paid will inevitably force them to do the same thing before very long. Senator
Dawes expects to leave for the East before long, and my only chance is to get this in
promptly.

United States Indian Service,
Union Agency ^ Muscogee^ Ind, T., May :^9, 1890.

Sir: I have the honor to report, in compliance with instructions contained in
Indian Office letter, dated May 6, 181)0 (L. 1:3529—181)0), that on May 12 I notified Mr.
Secor and the manager of the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company that I would be
in McAlester on May 15 for the purpose of investigating Mr. Secor's complaint
against said railway company ; and accordingly on May 15 I was at McAlester, at
the place agreed upon.

Mr. E. D. Chadick, manager of the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, filed
with mo a written communication, which is herewith inclosed ; also copies of a coal
lease executed to him by VV. H. Secor on the 7th day of May, 1887; a copy of a right
of way leiise executed by Mr. Secor on the 20th day of March, 1890 ; also copy of
general release executed on 20th of March, 1890. The originals of these papers were
presented for my inspection.

Mr. Secor failed to appear, and though I have written him three times relative to
the matter, I have heard nothing from him. Mr. Chadi<;k claims the right to pur-
chase and use 200 feet for a right, of way, by virtue of a joint resolution of the Choc-
taw council, which he states is now <»n record in VVashiugton.
Verj respectfully, your obedieut servant,

Leo E. Bennett,
United States Indian AyenU

The Commissioner of Indian Affairs,

Wobhingtony D, C,

South McAlester, Ind. T., M^ay 15, 1890.

Dear Sir: Referring to the question raised in vour favor of this date as regards
settlement with VV. II. Seccor, residing 2 miles west of our crossing with the Missouri,
Kansas, and Texas Railway would respectfully stat^ that the letter of Mr. Seccor to
the Department has absolutely misrepresented the facts is so far as it represents os
iis trespassers without legal right.

Regarding our right to take and use 200 feet would say that we received this addi-
tional 100 feet by a. joint resolution of the Choctaw council, which is now on record
in Washington; said resolution recognizing this road as the eastern and western
treaty road of 1806, and giving us the 200 feet right of way.

Outside of this and beyond all enactments referring thereto,- would respectfully
represent that Mr. Seccor sold us a strip of land 200 feet in width through his farm,
for which he received the sumof $:W0, and an additional sum of $200 for the privilege
of working the coal contained on said farm, which said coal lease gave us the right
to build switches, branches, place buildings, or to do any other thing necessary for
the successful mining of coal on the said premii>es.

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 27

We carried out literally the provigions of this agreemeDt as regards the coal, and
the right of onr taking the stnp of land 300 feet through his iarw is a matter of
agreement with himself for which he has been paid three times its value.

.1 am sorry that Mr. Seccor should refer to himself as au Indian seeing that he is a
white man who married an Indian woman in this country, and is as perfectly compe-
tent to contract as any citizen of the United States.

Would further say that he was perfectly oonteute<l with the settlement, until insti-
gated to his present course by parties to whom we refused to grant privileges at our
crossing.

I iuclose copy of the right of way sold us by Mr. Secoor, also copy of general release
executed by him at that time, and also a copy of the coal lease under which you i^iU
see that onr right to titis strip of laud, or more if required, is fully sustained.
Very triuy, yours^

E. D. Chadwick,

Manager,
H. L. E. BBNNEnrr,

United States Indian Agent, Muscogee, Ind, T,

This Indentore, made in duplicate, this the 7th day of May, A. D. 1887, be-
tween W H. Secor, a citieen of Goal or Tobuoksey County, Choctaw Nation, and iu
the Indian Territory, of the one part, and Edwin D. Chadick, a citizen of the United
States, residing in the city of Minneapolis, state of Minnesota, of the other part.

Witnesseth, That the said W. H. Secor, for and in consideration of the sum of
$200 to me in baud paid by the said Edwin D. Chadick, the receipt whereof Is hereby
acknowledged, and of tbe rents and covenants hereinafter mentioned to be paid, kept
and performed by the said Edwin D. Chadick, his heirs, executors, administrators, and
assigns, has granted, demised and leased, and by these presents do^s grant, demise
and lease, unto the said Edwin D. Chadick, his neirs, executors, administrators, and
a8signs,the coal claim lying and being situated in Coal or Tobucksey County, Choctaw
Nation, in said Indian Territory, and which is described as follows: Beginning at a
point on Sandy Creek in the western half of Coal or Tobucksey County, Choctaw
Nation, Indian Territory, one-half mile southeast of the farm known as the W. H.
Secor place, and from said beginning-point exteuding one mile due north, one mile
due south, one mile due east, and one mile due west, embracing all tbe coal found
under the lands lying within a circle drawn from or through tne extreme points of
said north, south, east and west lines, including all the coal under the spurs, dips
and angles of said land.

Reference is herewith made to certain zinc plates fastened to stakes and located as
follows on said claim : Plate No. 1, placed at or near the beginning or central point
of said claim; plate No. 2 placed at or near the terminal point of said claim on a duo
north line from said beginning point ; plate No. 3, placed at or near the terminal
point of said claim on a due soutn line from said beginning point ; plate No. 4, placed
at or near the terminal point of said claim on a due oi^t line from said beginning

Jioint ; and plate No. 5, at or near the terminal point of said claim on a due west line
rom said beginning point. It being understood and agreed to that the said plates
shall be accepted as defininf^ the boundaries of said claim until such time as said
boundaries shall be determined by actual survey of said claim.

Being the coal claim as recorded by the said W. H. Secor in the records of said Coal or
Tobuckisey County in said Choctaw Nation in the record bookfor 1879 on page75; and the
exclusive right and privilege to mine for coal and take coal for his own use and benefit
and for market from said claim under the conditions hereafter named. And it is under-
stood and agreed to that the above description of the claim herein leased is not as
accurate as an actual survey giving field notes by metes and bounds, and if such
a survey shall be made and the parties hereto agreeing to it, it shall be accepted and
taken to be a more definite description of the claim herein leased, and shall determine
and fix the description of the claim this lease is intended to cover by the parties
hereto. And the said W. H. Secor also agrees that the said Edwin D. Chadick his
heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns shall have the exclusive right and grant
to erect, construct, and operate any and all machinery, tools, and apparatus used and
required in mining, or used and required by him in connection with the object and
purpose of this lease, as well as all labor, mechanics, artisans, and employes, and all
other persons permitted by him or his legal representatives and assigns, at will on
said claim to be and remain, during the pendency of this lease.

This lease shall be enforced for the term of six years from tbe date of this indenture,
and at the expiration of said six years the said Edwin D. Chadick, his heirs, exe.
enters, administrators, and assignssball have the privilege and right of renewing the
same for another period of hIx years, and at tbe expiration of each next succeeding
term of six years thereafter the said Edwin D. Chadick, his heirs, executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns shall have the privilege and right of renewing this lease foe

S. Mis. 4 47

28 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

another term of six years upon the same terms and conditions as is herein expressed
so long as the said Edwin b. Chadick and his heirs, executors, administrators, and
assigns shall ohserve the laws of the Choctaw Nation, and perform the agreements of
this lease, it being understood and agreed to that there is not to be paid or demanded
any other or further consideration tor the rental of said claim than the 1 cent per
bushel royalty.

It is the intention of the parties and agreed to that this lease shall remain in force
and effect for a period or term not exceeding ninety-nine years, unless the said Eiiwio
D. Chadick, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns shall give notice in writ-
ing to the said W. H. Secor, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, not leas
than thirty days next preceding the expiration of any term of six years, of his or their
intention not to renew the same, and upon the giving of said notice the right to renew
shall cease. The said Edwin D. Chadick shall have the right to assign this leasA or
sublet any part of the same and privileges hereby granted, demised, or leased to him.

And the said Edwin D. Chadick, his heirs, execOitors, administrators^ and assigns,
shall pay to the said W. H. Seoor, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns,
one-half cent for each bushel of coal taken from any mine or mines on said claim
herein leased and shall also pay to the lawful authorities of the Choctaw Nation, one-
hulf cent for each bushel of coal mined and taken, making a total royalty of one cent
on each bushel of coal taken from said mine.

And the said Edwin D. Chadick, or his legal representative or assigns shall com-
mence operating the said mines on "said claim within six months after a railroad
shall have been completed and operated from any main line from railroad in said
Indian Territory to said mines or coal claim.

And the said W. H. Secor doth covenant and a^ree with the said Edwin D. Chad-
ick, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, that he and they paying the
royalty aforesaid, and performing the covenants herein contained, and to be by him
and them performed shall peaceably hold and enjoy said lease claims and privileges
without hindrance or interruption by the said W. H. Secor or any other person or
persons whatsoever. The said W. H. Secor, for himself and each of his heirs, execn-
tors, administrators, and assigns, hereby warrants and defends the possession of said
lease claim and the privileges and rights herein expressed unto the said Edwin D.
Chadick, his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, against the right of any
and all persons whatsomrer, entering thereon or enjoying the privileges leased herein,
during the existence of this lease.

In witness whereof, wo have this day appended our hands and seals (nsing scrolls
as seals), at the town of McAlester in the said Choctaw Nation. May 7, 1887.

William H. Secor. [skal,]
Edwin D. Chadick. [skal.]

Attest :

R. B. Coleman.
F. W. Allison.

CHOCTAW COAL AND RAILWAY COMPANY. RIGHT OF WAY AND RELEA8E OF DAM-
AGES.

Know all men hy these presents :

That I, Wm. H. Seccor, of the County of Tobucksey, in the Choctaw Nation, In-
dian Territory, for and in consideration of the benefits resulting to the undersigned
and to his lands by the construction and operation of the railway hereinafter men-
tioned, and of the suui of three hundred ($300) dollars to me paid by the Choctaw
Coal and Railway Company, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, have
granted, bargained, and sold, and by these presents do grant, bargain, sell, and con-
vey to the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, the right of way for it« rail-
road, telegraph, and telephone lines over, through, and across the lands owned or
claimed by the undersigned, lying and being situate in the county of Tobucksey, in
the Choctaw Nation, in the Indian Territory, and described as follows, to wit : Near

Sand Creek and between stations west and on the 3rd and 4th miles west, on

the line of the said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company. Said right of way fo in-
clude a strip of land two hundred f^et in width, the same to extend one hundred feet
on each side of the center of the road-bed or track of said road, with the right to use
such additional ground where there are heavy cuts or fills as may be necess^l^ for
the construction and maintenance of the road-bed, not exceeding one-hundred feet in
width on each side of the said right of way, or as much thereof as may be included
in said cut or till ; the field notes, plats, surveys, and maps of said strip of land as
made or to be made by said Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, are hereby re-
ferred te and adopted as a part of this deed for greater certainty of description of the
land conveyed.

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 29

To have and to bold the same with the right to take and use the earth, 8tone,graveI,
timber, and other material thereon necessary or nsefnl in the coostrnction, mainte-
nance or operation of said road or lines, together with, all and singular, rights, privi-
leges, and ai>pnrtenance8 thereto belonging, and all the rights and privileges granted
by the act of Congress granting said railway the right of way through the Indian
Territory, approved Febfunry 18th, 1888, unto the said Chostaw Coal and Railway
Company, it-s sucoessors and assigns forever, for the nse of said railroad, telegraph,
and telephone lines and for a perpetual way therefor.

And I do hereby bind myself, my heirs, executors, and administrators, to warrant
and forever defend, all and singular, the said premises to the said Choctaw Coal and
Railway Company, its successors and assigns, against every person whomsoever
lawfully claiming or to claim the same.

And in further consideration of the premises, I do hereby aoknowledce the receipt
in full of all compensation and satisfaction fo]> property taken or to be taken and
damage done or to be done by reason of the construction of said railway.

Witness my hand and seal, using, scroll for seal, this 20th day of March, 1890.

Wm. H. Seccor. [SEALv]

Attest :

S. R. Benson.

GENERAL RELEASE.

To all whom these presents shall come or may oonoerny greeting :

Know ye that I, Wm. H: Seccor, of Tobncksey County, Choctaw Nation, Indian
Territory, for and in consideration of the sum of three hundred (S^OO) dollars, in law-
ful money of the United States of America to me in hand paid by the Choctaw Coal

&. Railway Company, of , the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have

remised, released anii forever discharged, and by these presents for myself, my heirs,
executors and administrators, remise, release, and forever discharge the same Choc-
taw Coal &, Railway Company, heirs, executors, administrators and assigns of and
from all and all manner of action and actions, cause and causes of actions, suits,
debts, dues, and sums of money, accounts, reckonings, bonds, bills, specialties, cove-
nants, contracts, controversies, agreeniepts, promises, variances, trespasses, damages,
judgments, extents, executions, claims, and demands whatsoever in law or in equity
which against the said Choctaw Coal & Railway Company I ever had, now have, or
which myself, my heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns hereafter can, shall, or
ever may have upon, or by reason of any matter, cause or thing whatsoever from
beginning of the world to the day of the date of these presents. And especially for
and from all damages caused by the construction of the said Choctaw Coal and Rail-
way Company's line of railroad thrmigh my claims in said Choctaw Nation, Tobuck-
se^ County, near Sand Creek, between stations west and on the third and fourth
miles west of said railroad.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal the 20th day of March,
in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and ninety.

W. H. Seccor. [seal.]

Sealed and delivered in presence of—
C. R. Benson.

(Copy of contract is so indistinct as to make it impossible to decipher it. It is,
therefore, not included among these papers.)

United States Indian Service,
Union Agency, Mustogeey I. T., July 11, 1890.

Sir : Herewith I have the honor to transmit complaint of Hon. B. F. Smallwood,

governor of the Choctaw Nation, with an affidavit of G. A. Pate agaiuht Edward
haddick and E. 8. Ludlow, representatives of the Chocta-w Coal and Railway Com-
pany, Edwin Sittle, a trader in the Choctaw Nation, Fritz Sittle, King and Holloway,
for alleged intrusion. Section 8 of an act of Congress approved February 18, 1888,
granting a right of way to the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, clearly places
the settlement of all controversies arising between any tribe or nation, or citizens of

30 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

.any tribe or nation thronp^K which said road may pass, and the said Choctaw Coal
and Railway Company, -within th» jurisdiction of the conrts established by Cons^reas.
I have therefore deemed it unadvisable to take any action in the matter. So far as
I am advised and can learn from an informal investigation an effort has been and now
is being made to^town-site both Hartshorn and South McAlcster/and that Fritz Sittle,
Kins and Holloway, in whose namen tliese lots are held, are citizens of the Choctaw
Nation and within the jurisdiction of the conrts of said nation. If in view of these
facts you deem it iidvisable for this office to interfere in the premises, I respectfully
request instructions.

Very respectfully, your obedieut servant,

Fred Morris,
Acting Uitited States Indian Jgent
Authorized to act July 7, 18[K).
Fritz Sittle, King and Hollo way are Choctaw citizens.

Bennett,

The Commissioner of Indian Affairs,

Washingtonf D. C,

B. F. Smallwood,

PHncipal Chief,

Executive Office, Choctaw Nation,

Lehighj Ind, T., Juljf 10, ISDO.

Sir: I inclose herewith a complaint against Edward Gha<liok, Edwin Sittle, and
one Ludlow, all citizens of the United States, who are illegallj'^ doing a business in the
Choctaw Nation not approved of by this office. The nature of the businees engaged
in is fully set forth in the complaint. Afr^er a careful investigation of this complaint
and other facts connected in the premises, this office unhesitatingly deolares those
non-citizens above mentioned to be intrnders on Choctaw soil, and respectfully and
earnestly demand that you cause their immediate removal from the limit<sof tbe Choc-
taw Nation.

Very respectfully,

B. F. Smallwood,
Principal Chief Choctaw Nation ^
Per Dan J. For^oM,

rrivaie Secretary.
Hon, Leo E. Bennett,

United States Indian J gent, Muscogee, I. T,

Choctaw Nation, .Itnka County:

Before me, William Biitwott, clerk of the county court of Atoka Co., Choctaw Na-
tion, appeared G. A. Pate, who, boiug duly sworn, says on oath that oneKdwiii Sittle,
a licensed trader of tlie Choctaw Nation, and Edwnnl Chad wick, an agent for the
Choctaw Coal and Railway, now doiuir business with headquarters at South McAlies-
ter Choctaw, Nation, and Ludlow, another a<>ont of said corporation, located at Harts-
horn, I. T., are intruders in said Choctaw Nation.

Affiant further states that said Sittle, Chadicic, and Ludlow are building, own-
ing, and leasing, under illegal contracts with Fritz Sittle, one King and Holluway,
town lots in each of said towns of South MeAlester, and Hartshorn ; that they re-
fuse to allow a Choctaw citizen the right to own a lot in these towns; that they
have fenced in large lots of lands and, undor the pretense of being F>itz Sittle*s
agents, they, the said Edwin Sittlos and Edward Chadick, non-citizens, are in-
terfering with the affairs of the Choctaw Nation by using every means in their
power to prevent a Choctaw citizen from owning or building lots in South MeAles-
ter ; that they are claiming title to Indian soil, and flee to the United States courts
to hold off Choctaw citizens who attempt to build in said town. That they, as agenta
of said Fritz Sittle, have invoked the aid of the United States conrts in an action of
" unlawful entry and detainer, in a matter now pending in the United States courts,
aud required Choctaw citizens to give bond for the possession of lands subject to entry
under Choctaw laws. That the said Sittle is running a general merchandise buoiuoss
in the town of MeAlester, with lots and blocks owned in his own name, in the town
of South MeAlester, and that the said Chadick atid Ludlow are building or leasing
town lots for a term of ninety-nine years. That they have on record in Atoka, To-
baoksey, Qaines, and Sugar Loaf Counties illegal leases for ninety-nine years, aa evi-

COAL LEASED IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 31

denced by the records of said counties. Affiaut further states that he believes it to
be the duty of the principal chief to revoke the license of said Edwin Sittle as a
license trader and euter complaiut against said Chadick, Sittle, and Ludlow before
the United States agent, and ask him to declare them in tracers, that they may be so
declared before the sitting of the United States court in September next.

' G. A. Paate.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 7th day of June, 1890.
[SBAL.] \V. Ba«sktt,

County Clerk,

Washington, D. C, July2i, 1890.

Dear Sir: Referring to certain complaints made by the Hon. L. C. Ferryman,
governor of the Creek Nation, and Leo C. Bennett, United States Indian agent for
the Five Civilized Nations, the same being now on file in your office, I beg leave to
reply as follows :

First, that the Hon. L. C. Perry roan's letters and complaints, as above referred to,
are based upon the action of George C. Chadick, a relative of mine residing in the
.Creek Nation, who, in conjunction with Stuart (first name unknown) and Dr. J. T.
Lowry of We-wo-ka, has made leases in the Creek Nation from the individual which
the governor complains is contrary to Creek law. Would say in this connection that
the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company is in no way connected with Messrs. George
C. Chadick, J. T. Lovvrey, or Stuart (first name unknown); these parties, whatever
they have done, have acted for themselves and independently of this company, which
has no control over them, and is in no sense of the word responsible for their Qouduct;
at the same time being personally acquainted with all the parties except Stuart, I
have no hesitation in saying that any violation of the law on their part has been un-
intentional, and that you can assure the governor that this company will do every-
thing in its power to see any offense righted which may have been committed by
them against the laws and customs of the Creek Nation, but can only act as an inter-
mediary between themselves and the Creek governor, having no interest in or title to
or use of any lease or leases they may have taken.

Referring to the letter of Hon. Leo C. Bennett, Indian agent, bearing date July 21,
1890, W3uld answer the complaints and questions, which he therein asks, as follows:

First, by the accompanying copy, which is made a part of this letter, it will be
seen that the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company holds a right of way it>r 200 feet
in width through the Choctaw Nation, by virtue of the joint resolution of the Choc-
taw general council, approved the 20th day of December, 1889, by which resolution
it will be seen that the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company was declared the east
and west line of railway through the Choctaw Nation, provided for by the treaty of
1866 between the United States of America and the said Choctaw Nation. By refer-
ence to that treaty (see Choctaw laws, treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, and treaty
of 1866) it will be noted that a right of way for 200 feet in width was to an east and
west railroad, as also to the north and south railroad to be constructed throu<)'h the
Indian Territory. Under this resolution and the adoption of this company's Tine as
the east and west railroad contemplated by the treaty, this company claims an un-
doubted right to 100 feet from the ceuter of the track on each side of the company's
line, with all the additional privileges granted it by the act of Congress, approved
Pebraary 18, 18H8, with amendments, approved February 13, 1889.

Referring generally .to the charges contained in Agent Benuett's letter, that this
company is endeavoring to absorb lands to which it has no right under ita charter,
and that it has not paid proper respect and attention to the rights of Indian citizens,
I desire to state that wo court the fullest investigation in every respect and if it can
be shown that we have in any particular, overstepped our charter rights or have
shown any disposition to encroach upon the rights and privileges of the Indian citi-
zens, either as individuals or as tribes, we are perfectly willing to abide the conse-
quence of such acts and to make restitutionby every means in our power; but acting
as the representative of the company I desire to state, that the Choctaw Nation is at
present agitated by a bitter political campaign which involves the selection of a gov-
ernor and legislature, and that each party to this controversy has availed itself of
every possible means to briug discredit upon the other — as also to insinuate that under
the administration of the present governor (who seeks re-election), the railways, and
other foreign corpomtions, are gradually encroaching upon the lights and privileges
of the Choctaw citizens. To support these charges there is not a scintilla of evidence
bej'ond the jealous imaginations engendered by a political heated contest. If your
honorable bureau will take the pains to investigate thoroughly and to send a special
agent upon the ground, we will be able to show that in every respect our engagements
with the Choctaws and all other Indians, have been faithfully and honorably kept and
that we are to-day doing more for the benefit of that nation, for the education of the

32 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

children of its people, and the development of the country generally on the lines sag-
geated by the policy of the United States, than any other one influence or power
within its borders.

If a special agent, detailed for this purpose, will investigate each mile of the road, and
will ask the people with whom we have dealt and are dealing, and ascertain for liim-
aelf their feeling towards us we have nothing to fear from Ills report. A few lueu
have controlled this Territory so long and have worked with the large body of the
people in such manner as they pleased that their jealousy and alarm is excited by
the anpearance upon the scene of a company whose management deals direct with
the Cnoctaws and not with certain self-conntituted leaders and white men who have
iut'Crmarried among them.

AgaiiuTeferriug to that portion of the complaint that we have fenced our line
against the Choctaw citizens and are fencing large parts of land at our 8t-ations,will
say that there is not one word of truth in any of the assertions. We are fencing the
line of railway for protection of the lives of passengers and for the safety of our own
property. It is a prairie conntry and largely useil us a cattle range, and the experi-
ence of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, and other roads, as to the value of the stock
killed, toHAj nothing of the damage to their own property, led us to the conclusion that
the only safe way for ourselves and the public was to fence the right of way, making
proper nighway crossings, cattle guards, etc. And, I may add, that in the Red Oak.
Valley we did this upon direct petition of the stock-raisers in that valley. By adopt-
ing this course we have saved every stock-raiser the range, it being as easy for him
to raise cattle along the line as it was before the rails were laid, and in the seven
months operation of our first division the best proof of the safety afforded by this
policy is the fact that we have not killed a single head of stock, nor injured any pas-
senger or person crossing our line of public highwavs. We think this record speaks
for Itself as to the advantage both to the nation ana the company gained by fencing
the line. As to the fence put around stations, would say that in no case has this
company had anything to do with the fencing of these lands or beeii in any wav re-
sponsible for them. Our work in that direction has begun and ended on our right of
way. Certain Choctaw citizens who occupied these lands prior to our coming have
seen fit to inclose their tracts of lands at or near our stations. The company has not
aided nor abetted them in any way in snch action ; has no connection with them or
responsibility for their act«. All these matters have been referred to the Cho«taw
court by suits brought between citizens of that nation, and in each case the resnlt
will show the truth of my assertion, that the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company
has no control over or interest in the matter.

In conclusion allow me to say regarding all charges against us we only ask inves-
tigation, fair, full, and immediate. As before stated, we are perfectly willing to
abide by the result.

Very respectfully,

E. D. Chadick,
Manager of the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company.

The Commissioner of Indian affairs.

JOINT resolution OF THE CHOCTAW GENERAL COUNCIL.

Whereas it has been reported to this body from reliable sources and has been pab-
licly announced in the newspapers upon the authority of the officers of the St. Lonis
and San Francisco Railway that the said company has prepared a bill to be presented
to the next session of the Congress of the United States, asking that the right of way
through the Indian Territory be granted by the said Congress to a corporation known
as the California and St. Louis Railway, said corporation beingowued and controlled
by the said St. Louis and San Francisco Company system ; and

Whereas the right of way to be asked for aggregates more than 2,000 milqa,
and covers every section of the Indian Territory available for raUway purposes,
also paralleling rights of way already graut^ed by Congress, and lines of railways now
builaing or in process of construction, and practically constitutes a monopoly of the
railway business in the said Indian Territory, and grants the same to the California and
St. Louis Railway, otherwise known as the St. Lonis and San Francisco Railway, to
the exclusion of all competitors, and to the consequent injury of the citizens of the
said Indian Territory ; and

Whereas by the terms of the treaty made by the United States with the Indian
tribes in the year 1866 provided that one right of way should be granted for a
railway north and south through the said Indian Territory, and one right of way east
and west through the said Indian Territory ; and

COAL LEASES IN THE INDUN TERRITOKY. 33

Whereas the north and sonth right of way has been taken by the Missoari, Kansas
and Texas Railway, and a line of railway constracted thereon, and a line of railway
cast and west has been taken by the Choctaw Coal and Railway Company, which said
company is constraotiu^ a line of railway Uiereon : and

Whereas in addition to these railways provided for in the treaty of 1866 the Con-
{;re.H8 of ttie United States has granted to other railways at different times right of way
through the said Indian Territory ; some of which have actually been built upon and
others are now building; and

Whereas the policy demands the business of this Territory shall not be given to on^
corporation to the exclusion of all others, and the Territory obligations of the United
States having been violated by the giving of other rights of way than those provided
for in the treaty of 1866 ; Now, therefore,

Be it resolved by the general council of the Choctaw Nation in Joint $es8ion aesemhledf That
we hereby solemnly protest against the granting of the rights of way asked for by tbe
said California and St. Louis Railway, otherwise known as the San Francisco Rail-
way Company, as being subversive of all the rights of Indian citizens and as having
a tendency to destroy tnat competition which has been inaugurated by the granting
of the rights of way other than those provided for in the treaty.

And we desire to respectfully represent to the Congress of the United States that is
the St. Lonis and San Francisco Railway, otherwise known as the California and St.
Louis Railway, be granted the rights asked for, it will practically end railway build-
ing outside of that company in the Territory, and leave the citizens of the Five Na-
tions at the mercy of one corporation in all future railway developments.

And we further declare that in our opinion, based upon the record of the St. Louis
and San Francisco Railway in this Territory in the past, that the said railway does
not desire to build the railways for which the rights of way are to be asked in the
proposed bill, and that the corporation is asking K>r the same for the purpose of in-
timidating other corporations seeking to do business in the Territory and to retard
the developments of conpetitive systems.

And further respectfully represent to the Congress of the United States that the
St. Louis and San Francisco Railway has held for over twenty years rights of way
through thjs Territory, upon which it has never built and is not now engaged in
building.

Be it further resolved^ That a certified copy of this joint resolution be forwarded by
the national secretary of the Choctaw Nation to the President of the United States,
to honorable Secretary of the Interior, to the President of the Senate, and to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States of Americ^.

Be it further retolvtd, That this resolution shall take effect and be in force from and
after its passage.

Approved November 5, 1889. .

B. F. Smallwood, p. C. C. N.

This is to certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of the resolution of
the general council of the Choctaw Nation, passed and approved at the regular No-
vember term thereof, 1889.
Witness my hand and seal this 20th day of December, 1889.

J. B. Jackson,
National Secretary, C, N,

Article XVIII. —Minerals.

Sec. 80. All gold, silver, lead, copper, iron, stone, coal, petroleum, salt, or other
mineral, or medicinal water, existing in its natural state, which has been or may be
hereafter discovered within the limits of the Cherokee country, is the property of the
Cherokee Nation, and subject to the control of the national council.

Sec. 81. Every " bona hde" citizen of this nation, who may wish to prospect for
and engage in the mining of the minerals there, of gold and silver excepted, or in the
manufacture of salt, or in the collection and refining of coal oil or petroleum, or in
the preparation and sale of mineral or medicinal waters, shall make application in
writing to the treasurer for that purpose, statfng the mineral he wishes to operate iu,
the number and names of the company, the district and section thereof in which lo^
cated, and the metes and bounds of the reservation on which he proposes operating ;
provided, also, that the same shall not be within, or infringe upon, the improvements
or legal boundaries or limits of any other citizen or mining company, without the
written consent of such other.

Skc. 82. No person or company shall locate, hold, or operate a second claim for any
particular mineral withont first surrendering the claim first located.

S. Mis. 223 3

34 COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TEURITORY.

Sec. 83. Every person or company proposing to engage in mining sball, before be-
ginning the work, obtain from the treasurer a license for sncb pnrpose, wbicb license
fibull Clearly describe the location of the reservation select^, with ita metes an4i
bounds, and the minerals to be mined; and shall at the same time execute to tbfi
Cherokee Nation, and file with the treasurer and to his satisfaction, a bond in the sua
of two thousand dollars, with good and sufficient security, conditioned upon conipli-
unce with the requirements of this act.

8ec. 84. Every person or company operating in the minerals of this nation shall be
required to report, on oath, to the treasurer, quarterly, on the lirttt days of January,
April, July, and October, of each year, the gross amount of minerals mined, or salt
manufactured, or medicinal w^aters prepared for sale, during each quarter preceding
such report, and at the same time pay into the treasury, for the benefit of the school
or orphan funds, a sum of money equal to five per cent, of the value of snch minerals
at the place of production. And the mines, the stuck on hand, the bnildings, ma-
chinery, and fixtures thereto belonging, shall be held liable for the payment of the
same. The refusal or failure of any person doing business under the provisions of this
act to comply with the conditions of his bond shall be good and sufficient cause for
the revocation of the lease by the treasurer.

Sec. 85. Every citizen, of this nation who shall lease, sublease, sell, or give, or
gi'ant, in any manner, any interest in any mine, or medicinal or mineral water, iu this
nation, to any person other than a citizen of the same, shall be fined in any sum not
exceeding two thousand dollars for each and every such ofiense, and forfeit his bond
and lease ; and the treasurer is hereby authorized to proceed against such person or
company in the name of the Cherokee Nation, before any court of the nation of com-
petent jurisdiction.

Sec. b6. No license shall be granted by the treasurer for a longer period than ten
years, at the option of the lessee : but every lessee who may elect to renew his lease,
and who shall nave complied witn the terms of his former lease, may do so by com-
plying with the law governing the same; but no new lease shall be granted or old
lease renewed until all arrears shall have been paid ; provided, that the national
council may at any time change, amend, or repeal any or all of the conditions of
leases so as not to affect leases iu force at the time of such change or repeal.

Sbc. 87. Shonld any mining company find upon his reservation any mineral other
than that named in the lease, and for which the lease was granted, such company
shall at once report such discovery to the treasurer; and sball have the right to work
the same by incorporating it into the original contract, and by paying five per cent,
thereon for all such mineral obtained ; provided, that such act of incorporation shall
expire on the expiration of the original lease; provided further, that parties locating
claims under this act shall begin work thereon within one year from the date of their
license, otherwise such license shall be null and void.

I hereby certify that the forej^oing is a true and correct copy of an act of the com-
piled laws of the Cherokee Nation.
[seal.] W. H. Mayes,

Assistant Executive Secretary Cherokee Nation.
July 31, 1890.

AN ACT to amend section 85, of article 18, chapter 12, compiled laws, shall read

as follows:

''That any 'bona fide 'citizen of this nation, who shall have a license from the na-
tional treasurer to prospect for, and engage in, the mining of minerals, or stone there-
of, gold and silver excepted, or in the manufacture of salt, or in the collection and
refining of coal oil or petroleum, or in the preparation and sale of mineral or medi-
cinal waters, or in the shipment of stone or rock of any kind in the nation, and in
the sale of the same beyond the limits of the nation, if necessary to raise snflScieut
capital to successfully work the same, and thereby increase the revenue of the nation
sball have the right to associate any person or persons, other than citizens of this
nation, with him or them for that purpose ; and the courts of the Cberukee Nation
shall have full and complet<3 jurisdiction over all transactions growing oat of the
same."

Be it further enacted. That section 86, article 18, chapter 1*2, shall re.nd as follows:
** That no license shall be granted by the treasurer for a longer period than ten years,
at the option of the lessee, but every lessee, who may elect to renew h is leaae, and
shall have complied with the terms of his former lease, may do so by complying with
the laws governing the same; but no new lease shall be given or old lease renewed
until arrears to the nation shall have been paid; provided that the national council
may at any time change, amend, or repeal any or all of the conditions of leases, so
as not to affect leases iu force at the time of such change or repeal.**

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY. 35

Be it further enacted J That any persons, citizens of the nation, operating or work-
ing mines of minerals, or making salt, or preparing medicinal or medical waters, or
renniug coal oil, or shipping stone or rock of any kind, under license as above pro-
vided, shall pay into the national treasurer, quarterly, upon the sworn statement of
the persons holding and working under said license, a tax as follows:

Forjall stone coal, ten cents for every ton mined and sold.

For all lead ore mined, two dollars lor each one thousand pounds.

For all coal oil gathered in barrels or tanks, for each barrel of forty gallons recti-
fied, ten cents.
' For all salt manufactured, one dollar for each ton.

For all fock or stone of any kind, three cents for each ton shipped outftide the na-
tion.

And all tasc on licenses herein provided for shall be paid iti the same manner; and
persons from whom taxes are due shall be subject to the same conditions and pen-
alties as is provided in the act of the national council, dated December 8, 1883, and
entitled ^'An act granting licenses to trade in the Cherokee Nation."

Be it further enacted^ That nothing in this act shall operate to prevent any citizens
from obtaining coal at any mine or bank for his own use.

Concurred in by council with the following amendment : That the preparation and
sale of mineral or medicinal waters be excluded with gold and silver, and that all
revenue derived from that source be added to the school fund.

Approved December 15, 1883.

D. W. BUSHYHBAD,

Principal Chief Cherokee Natton,

I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of the amendment of
the compiled laws of the Cherokee Nation. Approved D^ecember 15, 1883.
[SE^L.] W. H. Mayes,

Assistant Executive Secretary.

Executive Department Cherokee Nation, Ind. T.,

Tahlequah, August I, 1890.
To the United States Congress :

Gentlemen: Please allow me to call your attention to joint resolution (S. R. 114),
introduced July 11, 1890, by^Senator Jones, of Arkansas, relating to leases in the In
diau Territory.

As chief of the Cherokees, I earnestly protest against its passage, so far as it affects
the interest of my people and nation. The laws of the Cherokee Nation declare and
make all minerals the property of the nation, and provisions are made whereby a
citizen can lease a mine for a period not to exceed ten years, and associate with him-
self foreign capital in this lease to successfully work the same; but no right is given
a non-citizen to lease a mine himselfl

So you see the resolution is in plain violation of the laws of the Cherokee Nation
regulating the use of her own property. *

Now, I respectfully ask you not to interfere with the property rights of this nation.

This action on the part of Congress seems very strange indeed to the Cherokees,
in thus attempting to lease their mineral resources, in violation of their laws, to non-
citizens for a period of ninety-nine years, which has the appearance of much incon-
sistency in your great Government in its dealings with this weak race of people.

Since your Government, through its President, has issued an order that wo shall
not let our grass to United Stcates citizens, and luis by that order stopped a revenue
due our nation at the rate of $200,000 per annum, it api)ears to the Cherokees that
your Government is determined that they shall not use their x^roperty to the beat ad-
vantage. I earnestly ask you again not to interfere with our sacred property rights,
that we have enjoyed undisturbed for over half century.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully,

J. B. Mayes,
Principal Chief Chtrokee Nation,

COAL LEASES IN THE INDIAN TERRITORY.

United States Indian Service,
Union Agency, Muscogee^ Ind, 7"., Augwtt 11, 1890.

Sir : I have the honor to report that Agent Bennett left last night for the Cbieka-
Baw Nation, to be present at the election in the interest of peace and order. I^fore
his departure, he instructed me to advise you that numerous petitions, with maDv
signers, were being sent in fh>m all parts of the Choctaw Nation, protesting against
the Choctaw Coal and Railway Co/s leases, and to request you to take such action
as would delav action upon the part of Congress in this matter nntil these petitions
peach your office ; that as soon as he returns those already tiled and Kome to come
will be transmitted.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant.

Frrd. Morris,

CUt
The CoMMissiONKR OP Indian Affairs,

, Washington Z>. C.

51st Congress, > SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

Ist Session. ] \ No. 224.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 35, 1890. — Referred to the Committee on Military Aftairs and ordered to be

printed.

LBTTER OF GENXIRAL WILLIAM B. FRANKLIN, PRB8IDENT OF
THB BOARD OF MANAOBR8 OF THB NATIONAL HOMB FOR DIS-
ABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERa TRANSBUTTING CERTAIN INFOR-
MATION IN RELATION TO THE ADMISSION OF EX-SOLDIER8
AND SAILORS TO THB NATIONAL SOLDIERS' HOME, IN RE-
SPONSE to SENATE RESOLUTION OF JULT 28. 1890.

The National HoiyiE for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers,

Hartford J Conn.^ August 20, 1890.

Sir : I have received from the honorable Secretary of War a resola-
tioD of the Senate dated Jalj 28, 1890, calling for certain information
concerning the National Home for Disabled Yolnnteer Soldiers. The
resoldtion is herewith respectfnlly retnrned wilh the following report
on the snbject.

Section 4832, Revised Statutes of the United States, enacts:

The following i)er8on8 only shall be entitled to the benefits of the National Home
for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, and may be admitted thereto, npon the recommenda-
tion 6i three of the Board of Managers, namely : All officers and soldiers who served
in the late war for the suppression of the rebellion, and the volunteer soldiers and
sailors of the war of 1812 and of the Mexican war, and pot provided for by existing
laws, who have been or may be disabled by wounds received, or sickness contracted
in the line of their duty : and such of these as have neither wife, child, nor parent de-
pendent upon them, on iiecoming inmates of this Home, or receiving relief therefrom,
shall assign thereto their pensions when required by the Board of Managers, during
the time they shall remain in the Home.

An act to aathorize the location of a Branch Home for Disabled Vol-
unteer Soldiers and Sailors in either the State of Arkansas, Colorado,
etc., section 5, approved Jaly 5, 1884, enacts —

That all honorably discharged soldiers and sailors who served in the war of the
rebellion, and the volunteer soldiers and sailors of the war of 1812 and of the Mexi-
can war, who are disabled by age, disease, or otherwise, and by reason of snch disa-
bility are incapable of earning a living, shall be admitted into the Home foA^isabled
Volunteer Soldiers, provided that such diBability was not incurred in service against
the United States.

Section 4825, Be vised Statutes of the United States, authorizes the
Board of Managers '^ to make by-laws, rales, and regulations, not incon-
sistent with law, for carrying on the business and government of the
Home, and to affix penalties thereto."

The Board of Managers at the beginning made the << by-laws, rules,
and regulations" authorized above.

I append to this report, marked A, a blank form which is required
to be filled up by every man who desires to enter the Home. When it
is filled up properly the manager has the man's military history, iufor-

2 NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEKR SOLDIERS.

ination as to bis pensioo, if he Lave one, bis physical state as to disa-
bility, and his social state. And the man can be sent by the manager
to one of the branches of the Home if he thinks it proper to send him.

The paper marked B, also appeuded, has been published from time
to time for the inforniation and instruction of men desiring admis^iion
10 the Home.

It will be observed that the fact that a soldier is a pensioner seems
to have no bearing on his right to admission to the Home in either of
the above-quoted laws. In fact, in the early history of the Home, a
pensioner was considered eligible because he was a pensioner, aud,
therefore, as a general thing, unable to earn a living by manual labor.
There were, therefore, at this time and up to the enactment of the law
approved July 5, 1884, no rules basing admission to the Home, in
whole or in part, upon the amount of pension the man receive<l. Bat,
until the passage of that act, lio perso^i was eligible to the Home unless
he had been disabled in service. Afterwards a disabled soldier could
be admitted to the Home without reference to the time or cause of dis-
ability. This law opened the doors of the Home to a v^Bt number of
men who had been hitherto excluded, and the result was that the Home
began to be crowded. This fapt directed the attention of the Board to
the admission of pensioners, and it was determined that thereafter no
manager should admit soldiers to the Home who were receiving peu-
sions of more than $16 monthly, unless there were circumstances in the
case of a man receiving a higher amount that commended themselves
to his judgment as making a proper exception to the rule. Among
such circumstances are the assignment of a portion of the pension to
the family, the need of constant medical attendance, blindness, total
deafness, inability to care for himself unaided, and other extreme cases.
But every year, about the beginning of winter, the whole Home is full.
Then all pensioners are discriminated against, and admission is only
granted to those disabled men who have no pensions.

I therefore respectfully report that the rules for admission to the
National Home for Disabled Soldiers and Sailors are :

(1) The applicant makes known his case to any manager. It is the
duty of the manager to send him the blank form A. When he receives
it back, filled out, he then determines whether or not to send the man
to the Home, and to what branch of it, and sends him the transporta-
tion it he admits him.

(2) All pensioners above $16 monthly are inadmissible unless there
are exceptional circumstances^ and each manager is the judge of such
circumstances.

(3) When the Home is full all pensioners are made to wait until the
non-pensioners who are applicants for admission have been either ad-
mitted or rejected.

I respectfully call attention to the fact that in 1882 a bill was passed
by the United States House of Kepresentatives taking away from pen-
sioners in the Home all excess of pensions above $12 monthly and de-
voting the excess to the maintenance of the Home. The provision was
stricken out by the Senate, and when the bill was returned to the
House it was unanimously rejected.

A list of all members of the Home whose pensions exceed $16 monthly',
with such information respecting the reasons for their admission to the
Home as I have been able to obtain, is appendeil hereto, marked O.

W. B. "Fu AN KLIN,
Presltlent Board of Managers^
National Home Disabled Volunteer Soldiers.

The President of the Senate of the United States.

NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.

[See " Explanations and directionn " on third pase.1

Application fw admisaion to the National Home for Disabled Voltinieer Soldiers,

[Branches: Central, Dayton, Ohio: Eastern, Augnsta, Me. ; Noith- Western, Milwaukee. Wis. ; South'
em, Hampton. Va. ; Western, Leavenworth, Kans. Managers : Tlie President of tiieUnit^?d State's ;
the Chiet'-iTuMtice; the Secretary of War— BxOfllcloa. General William B. Franklin, president,
Hartford, Conn. Col. Leonard A. Harris, first vice-president, Cincinnati, Ohio. Oeneral John A. Mar-
tin, second vicepre.nidenr-, Atchison, Kaos., General Martin T. McMahou, secretary, 93 Nassau sti*eet,
New York I'ity. General -James S. Nefflo^', Pittsburgh, Pa. General John C. Black, WaHhin^ton,
D.C. General'Thomas W. Hyde, Bath, Me General William J. Se>yell, Camden, N.J. Capt. John
L.Mitchel), Milwaukee, Wis.' Capt. William Blandlug, San Francisco, CmL]

Statk op

Oq this

County of
(lay of

as.

A. D.188 — , personally appeared before me, (») -.

witbin and lor tbe county and State aforesaid (2) -^ aged years ;

beigbt, feet ; complexion, ; a resident of (=*), , county of , Siate

J wbo being duly sworn, dbposes and says, tbat be was boru in {*)

and

has been enlisted in tbe service of tbe United States C^)

war, and honorably discbarged from each enlistment, as follows:

times during tbe (^)

Ko. of
enliatraeuts.

When enlisted,
with rank.

When enlisted,
town and State.

Company and

regiment
mustered in.

Date and place of

disoharjsre

with rank.

Canse of dis-
charge.

Ist

■

•

4th

Tbat be is disabled as follows : (^)

lars x>er moutb pension, on oertiticate Jio. payable at

and bas been receiving

dol-

agency, from

18 — , and being unable on account of bis disability to earn bis living by manual
labor, desires admission to tbe National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers.

Tbe said applicant fnrtber swears tbat be bas not been engaged in, or aided or
abetted tbe late Yebellion in tbe United States ; and tbat be bas never been a member
of eitber of tbe Branches of tbe National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. And
said applicant further stipulates and agrees that be will abide by and obey all the
rnles and regulations made by tbe Board of Managers, or by their order ; tbat be will
perform all tbe duties required of bim, and obey all lawful orders of tbe officers of
tbe Home; and be further transfers to tbe National Home for Disabled Volunteer
Soldiers bis pension certificate, and the moneys secured thereby ; and be hereby au-
thorizes and empowers the treasurer of tbe Home to draw tbe eaid moneys and bold
and dispose of tbe same, subject to tbe laws of Congress and the rules, regulations,
and orders which have been or may hereafter bu made by tbe Board of Managers of
said National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers.

Witness.

Sworn to and subscribed before me the day and yesir first above written, audi
hereby certify that the foregoing affidavit was read over, and fully explained to
■ ' before he executed it.

CERTIFICATE OF IDENTIFICATION.

I hereby certify tbat I have every reason to believe, after an examination of bis
discharge papers, tbat (") is tbe identical person described therein, and

that the above declaration signed by him is true.

4 NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIER&

surgeon's certificate.

I certify that I have carefully examined {-) Co. -« rcg't vol.

UDteers, and that he is (^<*) permanently temporarily disabled for obtaining his siih-
sisteuce by manual labor.

Date of injury or disease, day , 18 — .

Place of State of .

Character of disability .

Complications, .

Present condition of applicant, .

(**>) . Surffe(m,

Sworn to and subscribed before me, this day of , A. D. 188—, and I

hereby certify that the said is known to me as a surgeon in actual pn«-

tice, and reputable in his profession.

(.1) ^

Occupation . ) Name and address of nearest relative,

Married or single . > ,

Children under sixteen years . > .

ORDER FOR ADMISSION.

, , 188-.

The above application is hereby approved, and (^) , Co.,

Reg't, Vols., will be admitted to the Branch, National Home for D. V.

S., a .

Managei' National Home for D. V,S.

EXPLAlfATlONS AND QIKECTIOICB.

[The flgnrea in the body of this application refer to the directions below, and must be carefally ob-
served in filling the blanks.]

•

1. Name and title of magistrate.

2. Applicant's name.

3. Po8^office address.

4. Town, county, State (or nation).

5. State ihe number of times actually mustered into the service of the United States.
8. Give the name of the war (I8I2, Mexican, or civil).

7. Here ttnte minutely the cause and nature cf the disabilitif ,- if by troundir. »UUe the nature of the
woundt, and when and where received ; if by ditecue. state the nature qf disease, adid where contracted.

8. Signal nre of applicant. Two witnesses are required if he makes his mark.

9. This certitioato must be sign*^ by the a4Jatant-general or surgeon-general of the State, or by the
mayor or city clerk of tite city, or one of the selectmen, or some other respectable and responsibls dti-
sen of the town in which the applicant resides.

10. If the certificate of examination is officially signed by a snrgeon-generml of a State, or a Usitod
States examining surgeon, or by a surgeon designated for that purpose by a manager of the Home, it
need not be sworn to. One of the woi-ds, "permanently " or " temporarUy " in the certificate, must
be erased by the surgeon.

11. Official signature of magistrate or notary.

The soldier or sailor making this application mnst forward to the manager to whom he applies for
admission his discharge, or a certified ropy thereof, and pension certificate, or receipt therefor, before
his application is gnintod, which papers will be sent to the branch of the Home to which the applit^aat
is admitted, to be kept there, and returned to him when he is discharged. This rale is adopted to pre-
vent the loss of such papers and certificates, and to hinder fraudulent practices.

After filling out this application and executing it as above directed, forward it, with the other pa-
pers, to the nearest of the managers whose names are printed on the first page of this sheet, giving
post-office address, nearest railroad station, and if application is approved, tcansportaiion will be for-
worded without charge.

(Indorsed :) Register No. . Application for admission to the National Home

for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers of , Co., Reg't, V^ls.,

Co., Reg't, Vols., Co., Reg't, Vols., admitted to

Branch, , , 188—. Approved by , Manager Na-

iional Home D, F. S.

NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS. 5

B.
The National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers.

[Manaj^crfl: The Preitideut of the XTnit'Od States; the Chief-Jastlce ; the SecretJiry of War— «» ojleio
Geueral William B. Franklin, president. Hartford, Conn ; CoL I^eonard A. Harris, drnt ▼ioe-presloent,
Cincinnati Ohio; General John A. Martin, second vioe-preaident, Atchison, Kans.; Genend Martin
T, McMahoTi, secretary, 03 Nassau street. New York City ; GcneralJanies S. Ne«:ley, Pi^tabttrich, Pa.;
General John C. Black, Washington, D.C.; General Thomas W. Hyde, Bath, Me.; General William
J.Scwell, Chinden, N. J.; Cnpt. John L. Mitchell, Milwaukee, Wis.; Capt. William Blanding, San
Francisco, Cal. ]
Branches: Cantral, Dayton, Ohio ; Eastern. Augusta, Me.; Northwestern, Milwaukee, Wis.; Southern,

Hampton. Vii.; and Western. Leavenworth. Kans.

Th() Board of Managers of tbe National Home for Disabled Volauteer Soldiers in-
vite tbe attention of all disabled soldiers and sailors of the United States — whether
of the late war or the Mexican war — to the fact that homes have been established
at the places above named for all snch as are nnable to earn a living by labor. All the
ordinary comforts of a home are provided. Chapels for religious service^ halls for
concerts, lectures, etc., hospitals with experienced snrgeons and nurses, library and
reading-rooms, amnsement halls, post and telegraph offices, stores, work-shops,
etc. Suitable compensation U given for profitable labor. Good behavior insurea ^ kindest
treatment.

Soldiers- and sailors are especially informed that the Home is neither an hospital
nor alms-house, but a home, where subsistence, quarters, clothing, religious instruc-
tion, employment when possible, and amusements are provided by the Government
of the United States. The provision is not a charity ;. but is a reward to the brave and
deserving^ and is their right, to be forfeited only by bad conduct at the Home, or con-
viction of heinous crimes.

A soldier or sailor desiring admission may apply by letter to either of the managers,
w^hereupon a blank application will be sent to him, and if he be found duly qualified,
transportation will be furnished : or he can apply personally or by letter, at the
branch nearest to his place of residence.

REQUIRRMRNTS FOR ADMISSION.

First. An honorable dii^obarge from the United States service.

Secotid. Disability which preyents the applicant from earning his living by labor.

Third. Applicants for admission will be required to stipulate and agree to abide by
all tbe rules and regulations ma'de by the Boafd of Managers, or by their order ; to
perform all duties required of them, and to obey all the lawful orders of the officers
of the Home. Attention is called to the fact that by the law establishing the Home
the members are made subject to the Rules and Articles of War, and will be governed
thereby in the same manner as if they were in the Army of the United States.

Fourth, A-soldier or sailor must forward with his application for admission hisdis-
charge paper, and when he is a pensioner his pension certificate, before his applica-
tion will be considered, which papers will be retained at -the branch to which the ap-
plicant is admitted, to be kept there for him, and returned to him when he is dis-
charged. This rule is adopted to prevent the loss of snch papers and certificates and
to hinder fraudulent practices; and no application will be considered unless these
papers be sent with it. If the original discharge does not exist, a copy of discharge,
certified by the War or Navy Department, or by the adjutant-general of the Stato,
must accompany the application. Uu admission he must also transfer his pension
certiticate to the Home, and the moneys secured thereby, and empower the treasurer
of the Home to draw the said moneys, and to hold and dispose of them, subject to the
laws of Con<i;ress and the rules, regulations, and orders which have been or may here-
after be made by the Board of Managers of said National Home for Disabled Volunteer
Soldiers.

SYSTEM OF REGULATIONS GOVERNING PAYMENT OF PENSIONS.

The p<?nHions to be paid to the beneficiaries of the National Home for Disabled Vol-
unteer SoMiera under the act approved February 26, 1881, making appropriations
for the payment of invalid and other pensions of the United States for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1882^ etc., shall be held by tbe treasurers of the branches, and be
paid over to the pensioners at such times and in such amonnta as the governors may
direct, with the following reservations:

Firttt. A pensioner having a wife, child, or parent dependent upon him, may send,
or mny direct that all of his pension money shall be sent to such dependent relative,
enough being retained by the treasurer to guard the Home against any loss that
might occur on account of issues of clothing or tobacco made to the pensioner, when
the pension is large enough to justify such retention.— (Printed Minutes, page 263.)

6 NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.

Second. Penftionere wbo have do dependent relatives may have withheld from them
an amount sufficient to pay for all issues of clothing and tobacco (jinder restnctioos,
see Printed Minutes^ page 263) and t-o defray any reasonable expenses likely to be in-
curred by the pensioner during the quarter, the uou^paymeut of which woald cause
a loss to the Home.

Third, The governors may prevent a hurtful or wasteful or extravagant use of tbe
pension money in any case by retaining a sufficient amount until in their opinion the
danger of harm or waste or extravagance has passed.

Fourth. Any balance which may remain in the hands of the treasurers at the end
of the quarter shall be invested as is prescribed by the resolution of the Board of
Managers of July 2, 1877 {Printed Minutes, page 405), and the modification of that
resolution adopted by the board on September 21, 1H80, {printed minutes, pttge 61'i),
And any balance due the pensioner at the date of his discharge or death shall be
disposed of as directed by the act of Congress approved February 26, 1881.

Fifth, These regulations, which are made by the committee appointed by resolution
of the Board of Managers at the March meeting, 1881 (see Printed Jlinuies, page 655),
may be at any time modified in accordance with ejcisting provisions of law, either by
action of the Board of Managers or of the committee.

^F* Applicants will find it t^ their advantage to conform strictly to tbe above re-
quirements.

William B. Franklin, President,
M. T. McMahox, Secretary,

August 2, 1890.

List of members of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers who reoHvo more than
^16 per month pension, tvith dates of and reasons for admission.

Date.

1867.
Mar 15
Mar. 26
Apr. 17
Apr. 17
May 6
May 7
May 30

June 6
July 23
July 27
Au^. 27
Sept. 11
8ept 21
Sept 21
Oct. 10
Nov. 8
Nov. 18
Dec. 6

1868.
Jan. 13

Feb. 24
Apr. 4
Apr. 13
Apr. 25
Aug. U
Sepi. 14
Sept. 26
Nov. 6

Dec. 1
Deo. 1
Deo. 10
Dec. 22

1860.
Feb. 12
Apr. 21
Apr. 22
May 3
June 9
June 80
June 30
June 30

No.

1
2
3

4
5
6
7

8
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

28
20
30
31

32
33
34
35
30
37
38
39

Name.

Kelly, Albert J

Fezer, Herman

Flood, Arthur

Son^, Philip

Manning. Thomas

Bullock, NelHon

Chevenon, Oliver (alias
Chebenon).

Crew, Michael

FreiderickH, John

Weidle.Jobn F

Lawrence, Robert D . .
HunderHon. Samuel . . .

Keelor, William

DaviH, JanieA D

Fiuloug, Patrick

GilMgao. Hugh

Callahan, Patrick

Joyce, Patrick

"Weigler, Charles

Hidaka, Fre<lerick

Fadden, Thomua ,

Thorn, Joseph F

Smith, Edward

Dinimick, KuH!«ell F. :

Shelley, Laurin C

Kyaii, Tiumth V

Brannan, Patrick

Kirk wood, Henry C
Bovery, Valentine ..

Crowther, Holt

Miller, John

I/arab, Peter

Diifty, Thomas

Wall, Philip

Salon, Kichard

Taylor, Matthew P . .

Dutfcbenes, Jacob

Btrran, Bernard ,

O'Connor, John G

Co.

D
K
C
H
H
B
A

E
K
Ct
E
G

C
A
K
D
C

F
F

A
I
H
H
D
K
K

Kegiment.

Rate.

87th Pa ,1H5.00

7th Ohio 30 00

7l8tPa •.. 18.00

47th N.Y 36.00

5th Ohio 30.00

IGlh Mich J 30.00

7th N. Y. H. Art'y • :iO. 00

15Gth III

2dMirh

29th Ohio

iHt Mich. Lt^ Art'y..

7l8tN. V

8th N.Y.H. Art'y ..

76th Pa

7thMich

22d Maine

4th N. J. Lt. Art'y ..
124th Ohio,...

14th Mo

5th U.S.Cav'y.

18th 111

8th Maine

136th Pa

Ist Wis

nth Ohio

9th 111

5th Ohio Cav'y

3dMas8. H. Art'y.. -
Simmond'a Q. Balt'v

2tith Pa I.

2dU.8.Inry

r.l.HtN.Y

TOth N.Y

3d MoHS. Cav'v..
l8t Mi«h. Cav'y.

138 th' Pa

7l8tN.Y

leothN.Y

2d V.R. Corps..

36.00
30.00

30.no

17.00
24.00
45.00
36.00
86.00
30. 00
30.00
24.00

24.00

18.00
30.00
24.00
30.00
21. 00
30.00
45 00
24.00

30,00
24.00
30.00
30.00

45.00

ao 00

24. 00
36.00
30.00
36. 00
45.00
18.00

Keason for admission.

Loss right arm.

Loss lt«rt. leg.

Gunshot wound right leg.

Loss left leg.

Loss right leg.

Loss one eye.

Gunshot wound left anklo.

Loss l«ft leg.

I^as right leg.
Do.

Pnenmonia; piles.

Gunshot wound left shoulder

Loss right arm.

Gunshot wound right hip.

Lo}»8 right arm.

Guu.shot wound left leg.

Lo^»s right arm.

Gunshot wound left shoul-
der, bone disease.

GoDshot wound right kuee*
joint.

Chronic diarrhea.

Loss left ami.

Disease of lung.

Loss right arm.

Injury right eye.

Gunshot wound right hand.

Loss right leg.

Gunshot wound foot; ulcer
on leg.

Chronic bronchitis.

Injury of shoulder.

Gunshot wound left arm.

Shell wonad knee-joint.

Gunshot wound left tarn.
Loss left leg.
GiuishoL wound Lip.
r<OHS left leg.
Loss left arm.
Loss* left leg.

I3o.
Disease of hips.

NATIONAL HOME FOB DISABLED VOLUNTEEB SOLDIERS. 7

List of memhera of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers who receive more than

$IQ per month pensionj etc, — Continiied.

Date.

7
12
14
18
24

Oct.
Oct.
Oct,
Oct.
OcU
Nov,
Dec. re
Dec. l»

1872.
Jan. 19
Jan. 27
Feb. 5
Mar. 22
Apr. 6

No.

1880.
June 30
June 30
June 30
July 5

July 28

Sept. 18
Bcpt 23

Oct 5
Oct 5
Oct. 9
Oct. 10
Oct. 15
Oct. 10
Oct. 23
Ocr. 28
Nov. 6
Nov. 17
Dec. 30

1870.
Jan. 14
Feb. 6
Apr. 7
Apr. 7
Apr. 10
M»y 3
May 19
June 4
Sept 22

Sept 22
Sept 25
Oct 20 :
Nov. 8 ,

I
Not. 8 I
Nov. 10
Dee. 22
Dec. 30

1871.
Jan. 7

Jan. 13
Jan. 21
Mar. 4
Mar. 15
Mar. 25
Apr. 8
Apr. 13
June 4

June 26
July 27

Aug. 7

Aug. 7
Aug. 23
Aug. 31

Aug. 31
8<'pt 22
Sf pt 26

40
41
42
43

45
46

47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

58
59
60
01
62
63
64
65
66

67
68
«0
70

71
72
73

•74

84
85

87
88
88

90
91
92
93
IH
95
0«
97
98
99
100

101
102
103
104
105

Name.

<;obb, John G

Frederick, John ...
Wallace, Samuel F.
White, Patrick....

Jones, William

Thaxton, Bcnj. F.
Sullivau, John...,

Susa, Charles

Lurles, Matthias

Miiller. Edward

Stetaon, Oberon 0

Sni th. John ,

Ault Valentine H...
Kobinsou, Alex. — .
Linueukamp, Jaoob...

Harris, James

Roberts, Geo. W

Larson, Peter

Co.

Sheridan, John A..

Horle, Joseph

All^n, Henry D

Field, Jaroes

Lease, Daniel

Hawkins, Edward .
Honking, Perez A .

Mifligan, James

Everstein, William

Hall, Bradley

Meredith, T^illiam..
Van Buren, Martin
O'Brien, John

Meisner, Charles . .

I Burbridj;e, Charles . .

Hayes. Patrick

Bunnell, William D. ..

Carmody, Charles H. .

76 Dunn, Thomas

77 Kenney, David ...:...

78 Metzler, George B

79 Burrell. Fleet

80 I McGanraghan, Hugh..

81 ' Noerlinger.B'rederick.

82 Lvnott Thomas

83 Hinton, Thomas

Crombie, Joseph C
Worley, David B ..

86 ; Fox, Charles.

G
F
D
A

A
A

F
B
C
E
G
F

L
B

D
G
B
F
£
F
F
D
F

I
C
K
E

B
K
A
G

E
D
C
C

A
B

MoDermott, Francis..' H

Neaveau. Pierre j F

Kelley , Vincent P . . . . ' B

Twltchell, Kalph

Green, Henry ,

Fitzpatrick, Patrick..

Carr, Alexander C

Dempsey, Edward —

Seng. Tobias

rH>oloy, William ,

Niermaii, Charles A .
Pey t<ra, Patrick ,....,

Drake, Albert L ,

Burton, Alexander. . .

Quinn, John

Riloy, Henry . . .
McKeuna, John
Lynch, Michael.
Biger, John H . .

B
K
C
F
C
A
E
B
G
B
H

H
C
E
H
C

Begiment

Bate.

54th N.Y

127th N.Y

178th N.Y

2d N.Y.Cavy.

looth N. y.

7thW.VaCav'y
23d HI

108th Ohio

2d Mo

29th N.Y

32d Maine

60th N.Y

1st Ohio Art'v...

11th N.H

106th Oliio

15th N. Y. Batfy
Ist Maine Cav'y.
irnhN.Y

5th N.Y

3dN.Y. Art'y ....

117th N.Y

73d N.Y

1st Ohio

52dlll

lstK.LH.Art'y.,

42<1 N.Y

26th Pa.

40th N.Y

4th U. S. Infy
3dN.Y.Arfy
60th N.Y

52d N. Y. .
88th Pa...
31st Mass.
152dN.Y.

U.S.Navy...

16th U.S

4th Ohio'

U. S. Navy. .
24th Ohio...

75th Pa

20th Ky

65th N.Y. .-

11th Maine
181st Ohio .

lUth N. Y.

6th Ky. Cav'y

30th Mass

108th N.Y....

23d Ohio

17th Maine

88th N.Y

7th Ohio

4th Ky

ilstN Y..

.Wth III ..,...,...
50th Ohio Cav'y

69th N.Y

lOthMass

12thU.S. C.T..

44th U.S. C.T

•-•I

$.)0.0C
36.00
45,00
3(J.0O

24.00

24.00
24.00

34.00
45.00
45.00
30.09
30.00
24.00
30.00
72. tK)
24.00
24.00
18.99

30.00
4.5.00
45.00
30.00
30.00
24.00
30.00
17.00
30.00

45.00
30.00
24.00
24.00

24.00
30.00
36.00
36.00

36.00

30.00
36.00
24.00
36. 00
30.00
30.00
24.00
24.00

18.00
17.00

30.00

17.00
24.00
36.00

17.00
36.00
24.00
30.00
45. 00
30.00
30.00
36.00
24.00
30.00
72.00

Ist Mass. Cav.

40th lud

36th N.Y

15th W.Va.».
2BthMa8B....

30.00
30.00
30.00
24.00
30. CO

Reason for admission.

I
I
I

Gunshot wound efface.

Gunshot wound right thigh.

Loss right leg.

Loss right arm and left
thumb.

Gunsiiot wound right shoul-
der.

Injury left knee-joint

Gunshot wound left fore-
arm.

Disease of right eye.

Loss right leg.

Loss left leg.

Gunshot wound left arm.

Gunshot wound left leg.

Nearly blind.

Gunshot wound right arm.

Blindness.

Gunshot wound in back.

Paralysis.

Gunshot wound left hip.

Gunshot wound breast.

Loss arm.

Loss left arm.

Dislocation left thigh.

Loss right leg.

Gunshot wound both thighs.

Loss right hand.

Rheumatism.

Gunshot wound right arm ;

hernia.
Loss right arm.
Loss 01 sight.
Epilepsy.
Gunshot wound both thighs;

deafness.
Anchylosis left elbow.
Loss fight leg.
Loss right arm. ^
Loss ofleg.

Gunshot wound and paraly-
sis right arm.

Loss left leg: ulcer of stump.

Loss left leg.

Asthma.

Loss right leg!
Do.

Gunshot wound, left thigh.

Gunshot wound right arm.

Gunshot wounds right arm,
thigh, and left breast

Dtsease of kidneys.

Shell wound shoulder; par-
tial paralysis.

Loss right leg ; shell wound
left

Shell wound loft leg.

Disease of eyes.

Loss right leg; gunshot
wound left.

Varicose veins both legs.

Gunshot wound right knee.

Gunshot wound face.

T^s.s left forearm.

Loss right arm.

Loss left fi>ot.

Injury right Ijg.

L«»«s left arm.

Rheumatism.

Gunshot wound left arm.

Fracture right ankle.

Gtmshot wound right hand.
Fracture right wrist
Paralysis left side.
Gunshot wound foot
Loss left hand.

S. mis. 4 48

8 NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEtR SOLDIERS

LUt of members of the National Home for Dieabled Volunteer SoJdiere who receive mort then

%W pe9' month pensiont etc. — CoDtinued.

Dato.

1872.
June 19
July 25

Ang. 7
Sept. 7

Sept. 23

Nov. 5
Nov. 14
Dec. 13

1873.
Jan. 5

JftD. 8

Feb.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Apr.
May
May
July
July
July
July

July 26
Sept. 3
Sept 5
Kept. 18
Sept. 19
Sept 29

Oct. 17
Not. 7
Not. 25

Dec 23

1874.
Jan. 13

Feb. 14
Mar. 14
Mar. 27
June 1
June 14
June 26

July 13
July 28

Oct. 81
J)w. 6

1875.
Mar. 20

Apr. 28
May 21
June 18

June 21
June 18

June 28

Aug. 10
Sopt 14
Sept 17

106
107

108
109

110

111
112
113

114
115

Jan. 15 116

28 117
22 118

119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127

128
129
130
131
132
133

134
135
136

137

138

139

140

141

142

14:^

144

145
146

147
148

149

150
161
152

153
154

156

156
1.57
151f

Name.

Sept

159

Oct

160

Oct.

161

Oct

162

Oct.

163

Nov.

165

Co.

KnoflSe, Samuel

Batee, Bennett H.
(alias WadBWorth.)

Costello, John

Alexander, Wm. T . . .

Calaway, Georji^e W. .

Sands, William P..

Cain, Peter C

O'Regan, Matthew.

Eenney, John E .
Somem, Matthew
Hart, Franklin...

Reynolds, John AV..

Christy, Thomas

Cunningham, James
Spear, Maurice L ...

liaker, Keuben

Davidson, Albert 6.
Drost Cornelius . . . .

Moody, Thomas

StaiTord, John

Lee, Hugh

Hunt, y alenti no

Williams, Daniel

Cushing, Hamilton

CalUhan, William ....

Donahue, Patrick

SchantK, Frederick

Bobinson, William J . .

De Forrest, Daniel

Hobart, William

Wagner, Samuel

Judge, James..,
Martin, Patrick

CadwaUader, Albert .

Collins, Michael

Knchman, Daniel ....

Loftns, Michael ,

Roller, John

Hughes, James

1)
£
H

C
I)
£

C
D
K

O
B
B
K
H

C
K
C

Breen, Michael . . . .
McKensie^ Robert

Dolan, Alexander.
Summers, James..

Roesch, George L.

Powell, Levi . .
Lloyd, Einson
Kuntz, Jaoob .

Ainaworth, Wm. H
Morris, John

Vert, Edward.

Oillen, John 0 .

Fay, John

Rial, Joseph F

Shanahan, Patrick . ,

HugOt^ J 09^

Bauer, «John

O wenn. Joseph M . . .

Riodel, Cawper

Britton, John

Rauschert, John ....

Regiment.

C
1
A
M
M
F

H
F
K

H
G
B
C

D
H

I
I

B
D
I

K
B

A
K
A

K
H
E
H
D

51st Ohio
29th Ohio.

6th N. Y. H. A .

4th Ohio Cavy.

9lNtOhio.

5th Ohio

13th Mass ....
2d U. S. Art'y .

23dU.S.Inry.

7l8tN.Y

211th Pa

49th Ohio

eOthPa

11th Mass

23d Pa

SlstPa

U.S. Navy

9th N.J

113th Ohio

lOlthPa

U.S. Navy

2d Mo. Lt Art'y

63d Ohio

124th Ohio

12thiT.S.Infy...
Uihlll.Cav'y ...
IstX. Y.ltitles...
8th Pa.Cav*y ....

lOOthN.Y...
3d R. I. Cav'y
93d Ohio

2dR.I

130th lU.

138tliPa

IstMich

29thN.Y

10th Ohio

13lh N.Y.Batt'y..,
l57thPa

3d N.Y.Lt. Art'y
23d Mass .'.

164th N.Y...
lat 111. Art'y.

72<lPa.

8th Pa

179ih Ohio
26th Ohio.

43d N.Y.
GSth Pa..

G8th Fa.

24th Mass.
11th Conn.
25ch Ohio .

8th N.H

5th N.J

108th Ohio

8th Pa

32dlnd

Ohio Lt Art'y
RthN.J ;.

Rate.

Reason for admission.

124.00
24.00

30.00
80.00

72.00

36.00
30.00
36.00

30.00
72. CO
30.00

46.00
36.00
45.00
30.00
30.00
17.00
80.00
20.00
30.00
30.00
24.00

24.00
17.00
17.00
2».00
30.00
24.00

30.00
30.00
24.00

24 00

22.00

30.00
17.00
30.00
30.00
30 00
30.00

24.00
24.00

17.00
24.00

17.00

17.00
17.00
80.00

30.00
17.00

24.00

24.00
30.00
30.00

30.00
45.00
24.00
45.00
24.00
24.00
24.00

Gunshot wound left
Shell wound liead.

irriit

Gunshot woand ri^bt arm.
Injury of bead ; impiind

sight.
Gunshot wound left thi^;

disease of eyes.
Gunshot wound right am.
G uuflhot wound Irft hand.
Loss right forc-aim.

Paralysis.
Do.

Gunshot wound knee -, necro^
sis of bone.

Loss right arm.

Loss left arm.
Do.
Do.

Gunshot wound right arm.

Piles.

Partial paralysia left side.

Gunshot wound left leg.

Gunshot wound rigtit leg.

Iivjury right arm.

Lo»s left e3*e; chronic rhea*
matiani.

Organic disease of heart

Df afness dropsy.

General debilitv.

Gunshot wound shoulder.

Gunshot wound right arm.

Gunshot wound left shoul-
der.

Lo.M right leg.

Fracture right ami.

Disease both eyes; kidaey
disease.

Gunahot wound left elbow.

Almost total deafneas ; rkeu-

matism.
Loss left fore-arm.
Gunshot wound right arm.
Loss right foot.
Bayonet wound in baek.
LoHs right band.
Gunshot wound left arm;

rheumatism.
Rheumatism ; conjunctivitis.
Gunshot wound left sboul.

der.
Gnnnbot wound right thigh.
Chronic diarrhea.

Gunshot wounds month and
left arm.

Gunshot wound right ey^

Disease of kidneys.

Chronio diarrhea; rheuma-
tism.

Loss of leg.

Chronic broncbitts; congea-
tion of liver.

Gunshot wouuds right eJbow
and alidooien.

Gunshot wound right arm.

Gunshot wound right leg.

Deaf, one ear ; partially deaf
other.

Loss right arm. •

Loss left leg.

Chronic intlamraationofeyes

Loss right leg.

Opthalmic ; rhouniatlsro.

Partial opacity of roTnra.

Gnnsbot wound Uiud; epi
lopsy.

NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUJITEER SOLDIERS. 9

LUt of members of the NaHonal Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers who receive more than

$16 per month pension, etc^^Contmned,

Date.

1976.
Nov. 18
Nov. 19

Dec. 8
Dec 10
Deo. 29
Deo. 31

1878.
JftD. 26
May 17
May 20
Jane 20
July 17

July 17
Aug. 9
Aug. 11
Aug. 12
Sept. 8

Sept 8

Sept. S3
Sept 23
Sept. 27

Oct. 28
Oct. 20
Nor. 18
Nov. 19
Deo. 1
Deo. 1

Deo. 6
Deo. 8
Deo. 22

Dec 23
Doc. 24

1877.
Jan. 22

Jan. 22
Peb. 9

Apr 16

Apr. 18
May 14
Aug. 11

Aug. 11

Oct. 5
Oct. 12
Oct. 25
Nov. 2
Nov. 3
Nov. 19

Dec 5

1878.
Jan. 29

Feb. 21

Mar. 12
Mar. 14

Mar. 26
Apr. 16

Apr. 18

Apr. 30
May 16
May 24
June 3
June 8

No.

Mar. 17 200

106
167

168
169
170
171

172
179
174
175
176

177
178
179
180
181

182

183
184
185

186
187
188
189
190
191

192
193

194

195
196

197

198
199

201

202
203
204

205

206
207
208
209
210
211

212

213

214

215
216

217
218

219

220
22f
222
228
824

Name

Caeaidy, John

Hagarty, William.

Curry. Joseph ....
Goodwin, Patrick.
Mathiaa, Jacob . . .
Stroedler, Charlea

Muller, George ■

Finn, Bernard

Steventk John P

Piper, Irancis

WUtenight, Philip G .

Sindelbach, Andrew ..
Ghinohilla, Paacah . . .

Duane, Henry

Smith, Jamea

Cotthrill, Andrew J . .

Shafft» Louis ,

O'Grady, John

Churchill, Elroy

Alexander, Francis T.

FUherty, Patrick

Tinkler. John

Mesaheimer, George . .

MoCormiok, John

Ahrens, Henry

Newhrig, James E. . . .

Babe.Kobert

UhrigiCarl

Benner, Anthony.

Dwyer, Anthony.
ONef- -

leil, James
Fay, Philip

Marshall. William L.

Regan, Patrick

Clark, John J.

Kriaher, Bei^ . F.

Gushing^ McGobb . .
Grossman, Charles.
Eveleth. Isaac N...

Flynn, John.

Co.

H
K
K
D

C
I
A
F
H

A
K

A
H

H
G
D

I
F
D

G
I

A
A
C
E

O
E
G

Dowling. William F

McLaughlin, John .... I

I>oyle,John H

Osborne, Hiram A. ... H

Goodwin, Terence D

Green, Bartkolemew. . E

Elliott, WiUiam

Webster, Charles E. .

Jackson, Henry C. . . .

Smesty, Edward . .
Stedman, ^ohn E. .

Lynch, Henry

volkman, Charles.

Frlguart, Peter ...

Williams, William W
Wagner, William ....

Magee, Henry

MoCoriQlck, James . .
O'Cooner, Andrew ....

Regiment

C
A

G
E

D
K
D
B
F

170th N.Y
78th Pa...

7th Md....
112th N.Y.
27th lad...
58th Ohio..

4thMo.Cav*y.

2d Mass

8dIll.Cav^y..

95th Pa

2dPa.Art'y ..

52dOhio

5thU.S.Cav'y..
lstU.S.Art'y ..

19th Maine

llthInd.BatVy.

12th N.H.

U.S. Navy

IstN.Y.Riflea.
190th Pa.

2d Ohio

18th U. & Inf »y.

109th Pa

2d Mass.

4th Ohio Cav'y..
83d N.Y

97th Pa ,

54th N.Y

Smith's Ohio Cav'y

3d N.Y. Cav'y.
153d N.Y.

91st HL

55th Pa.

2d N.Y.Art'y.

73d Ohio ,

187th Pa.

4th Maine.
41st N.Y.
39th Ohio.

114th Ohio.....

59th N.Y

2dConn.H.Art'y.

6th Wis

109th Pa

1st R.LLtArt'y.
28dni

TJ. S. Navy.

20th Ohio Batt'y....
IstDel

I5th Conn.
62d N. Y. .

25th Ohio.

6th Ohio.
106th Pa .
114th Pa.,
62dPa...,
37th N.Y

Rate.

15thN.Y. H.Art'y..
1st Conn. H. Art'y . . .

090.00
24.00

80.00
24.00
30.00
17.00

36.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
30.00

80.00
17.00
80.00
24.00
80.00

24.00

36.00
24.00
24.00

24.00
45.00
45.00
17.00
24.00
36.00

30.00
24.00
24.00

30.00
30.00

30.00

86.00
24.00
30.00
30.00

24.00
17.00
30.00

20.00

80.00
17.00
30.00
24.00
30.00
30.00

24.00

27.00
24.00

36.00
30.00

30.00

36.00
24.00
27.00
l&OO
22.00

Reason foi admission.

Blindness.

Gunshot wound left legi

fracture left tibia.
Loos left leg.
Gunshot wound head.
Loss all fingers right hand.
Gunshot wound right thigh.

Loss left arm.

Gunshot wound, left side.

Disease of lungs.

Gunshot wound head.

Gunshot wound left leg; sa-
ber out head.

Varicose veins ; hernia.

General debility.

Deafheaa.

Gunshot wound right thigh.

Gunshot wound left side;
varicocele.

Gunshot wound right arm ;
anchylosis.

Gunshot wound right leg.

Gunsh<» wound face, ii^ur.

ing mind.
Gunshot wound left arm.
Loss left arm.
Gunshot wound right leg.
Gunshot wound right arm.
Curvature spine; neuralgia.
Gunshot wound right arm;

anchylosis.
Loss right leg.
Chronic rheumatism.
Gunshot wound face; loss

part of jaw.
Loss right foot
Loss left leg.

Coivf unctivities ; opacity of
both eves.

Loss right leg.

Gunshot wound left thigh.

Gunshot wound right hand.

Gunshot wound left thigh
and knee.

Heart disease.

Ii\fury left side of head.

Gunshot wound left wribt;
anchylosis.

Nervous derangement resem-
bling chorea.

Loss left leg.

General debility.

Hernia.

Gunshot wound head.

Gunshot wound both arms.

Blind left eye ; injury to the
right.

Partial paralysis right side.

Guitshot wound face; loss

right eye.
Gunshot wound left elbow;

anchylosis.
Deafhess.
Rheumatism; disease of blad*

dor.
Loss left leg.
Gunshot wound head; epi*

lepsy.
Gunshot wound right eyej

epilepsy.
Gunshot wound left arm.
Gunshot wound right hand.
Deaf both ears.
Gunshot wound left hand.
Deafness.

10 NATIONAL HOME FOE DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.

List o/members of the National Home for Disabled Foluntef/r Soldiers who receite more Uta

tipper inonth pensioHf etc, — Contioaed.

Date.

1878.
June 37
Jnne 30
July U
July 19
Aug. 1
Ang. 1
Ang. 29
Sept 13
Sept. 30
Oct. 1
0<:t. 2
Oct. 2
Oct. 17
Nov. 7

Nov. 27
Deo. 4
Dec. 10
Dec. 26

1879.
Jan. 9

No.

225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
i 238

! 239
240

4 241
242

243

Jan. 31 244

Feb. 17 245

Mar. 14 246

Mar. 18 247

Apr. 11 248

May 1 249

May 7
May 10
May 16
May 20
June 11
June 17
Jane 18
July 16

July 22
July 24
Aug. 13
Sept. 27
Oct. 6
Oct. 28

Nov. 20
N«v. 22
Nov. 29
D«c. 4

1860.
Jttu. 12
Jan. 25

Mar. 2

Mar. 0
Mar. 9
Mar. 15

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Juno

Jaii»

July

26
26

14
29
14
20
24
25
10
22
27

250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257

258
259
260
261
262
263

264
265
286
267

268

200

270

271
272
273

274
275
276

277
278
270
280
281
282
2a'I
284

Anp. 13 2
Sept. 14 "
Sept, 23
Oct. 1
Oct 4
Oct 14

285
286
287
288
2«9
21K)

Name.

Farrel, John

Bromroer, Anthony. . .

Ryan, Patrick

JohnAon, John

AVuod, Lorenzo D

Follman, Peter

Kngliah, John

Mmvey, ThomaA W. . .
Konkelman, Ferdinand

Petry. William

McCullnm, John

Vance, William

Walton, Robert

Tenney, New wn F —

Sohan (let) Thomas ..

JenkinaEH

Laehy, William

Ruth, Richard A

Barry, Thomas J

McNally. Jamea

Ellis, Luther

Warner, William H. ..

Star key, Richard

Eisner. Constantino ..
Schueller, Edward. . . .

Rouse, Chsrles H

Ini^ersoll, Norman J ..

Hackman, Joseph

Rowline, Aroza

Goem, Matthias

McDermott, Folix —

Barr, Charles

Gaha^an, Thomas

Co.

Scott, Alexander.

Rurapf, John

Knox ville. Peter.
Doolittle, Edwin .
Carney, Peter ...
Radcliff, Thomas

Welch, Martin ,

Sachs, Leopold ,

Van Allen. Henry ...
Kienardt, John A —

McDonald, Andrew.
Coffey, Christopher .

Crow, Thomas . . . .^ .

LivinKston, William .

Olinger, John

Abbott, Harlin

WIse.Georee E

Twohey, John ,

St4^Krailler, Geo. C ..

Bell.BeniaminF

TajMor, Orvllle

Decker, Michael . . . . .

Soli ieliel, John

McMillan, John W..
Tiemey, Thomas —
McCarty. Waller....
Conlon, Patrick

Fell, John

Bray, Frank E...
Hoglucht, John..
Jordsn, James . . .
Lod)(e, Oi)dfrey . .
Tenerty, Patrick

Oct 20 291 i Kibbey, Timothy

K
K
D
B

D
L
B

D
F
B
G
B
F
F
A

C
B
F
G
D
E

E
B
M
A

G
G
F

C
A
B
A

Regiment

132dN.T..:...

4thKv.Mtd.Infy..

26th litass

.3Td W^is

2dInd.Cav'y

43dN.Y

1st Maine Batt'y...

69th N.Y

140th Pa

1st Ohio Batt'y ....

IstD.C.Cav'y

91st Pa

69th Pa)

49th N.r

10th N. H.
125th 111 ..
17th NY.
59th Mass.

MaJ. 16th Mich

5thN.Y.H.Arfy.
6th Maine Batt'y..

40thN.Y

3dMich.Cav'y

20th Masa

17th Mo

3dR.LH.Art'y ...

48th 111

4l8tN.Y

142*1 Ind

OthN.Y.....

2lBt Mass

l8tMd.CaT'y

5th N.H

Rate.

$24.00
24.00
30.00
24.00
30.00
30.00
22.00
30.00
36.00
18.00
80.00
30.00
24.00
24.00

24.00
36.00
18.00
30.00

25.00

30.00
30.00
24.00
24.00
36.00
20.00

18.00
72.00
30.00
30.00
24.00
24.00
22.00
18.00

139th Pa 24.00

75th Pa I 30.00

Istlnd.Cav'y ! 24.00

Ist N. Y. Enjf'rs 60.00

82dN.Y

68th Ohio

15tbMas8

39LhN.Y.......

9th Mich. Cav'y.
28thN.Y

U. S. Navy.
2l8tWia...

10th Ohio

3d U. S. Cav'y.

57th III

77th N.Y

D
F

U.S. Navy

98th N.Y... —

23d Ohio

17tb lU. Cav'y .
22d N.Y. Cav'y

3d Mo

12th Mo

24th Mich

37th N.Y

23d 111

46 th Ohio

1st Ohio Cav'y

24th Ohio

5th Ohio

22dlnd

XT. S. Marine Corps.
69th Pa

2d Ohio

36.00
17.00

17.00
25.00
17.00
24.00

24.00
25.00

24.00

24.00
24.00
17.00

24.00
18.00
l&OO
17.00
50.00
36.00
30.00
36.00
30.00
30.00
17.00

24.00
24.00
17.00
17.00
24.00
24.00

17.00

Reason for admission.

Onnakot wound left ibigh.

Ganshot wound left knee.

Paraphegia.

Gnrvatare of spine.

Vertigo, from aan-aireke.

Loss left arm.

Deafness.

Consumption.

Gunshot wound right knee.

Iqjnrv left ankle. Blindness.

Loss fett leg.

Loss left fore-arm.

Blindness.

Gunshot woond left thigh;

neuralgia.
Loss left eye; rhenmatism.
Loss right leg.
Ganshot wound right leg.
Loss left leg.

Ganshot wound leg; var.
veins; hernia.

Loss right arm.

Loss left leg.

Ganshot wound face.

Inguinal hernia left side.

Loss lei t leg.

Ganshot wound right thigh
and acrotcim.

Loss left eye.

Kidney disease.

Loes left leg.

Effects of sun -stroke.

Gunshot wonnd left knee.

Ganshot woond right wrist

Deafness.

Gunshot wound left shool-
der.
Da

Loss right leg.

Gunshot wound left forearm.

Blindness.

Gunshot wound left thigh.

Loss left eye; right im-
paired.

Rhenmatism.

General dnbUity.

Internal piles.

Sciatica.

right

Ii^ury left leg.

Onnshot wound
and shoulder.

Gunshot wound ; chr. bron-
chitis.

Gunshot wound both tbigha.

Sun-stroke.

Gunshot wound leg ; leas of
eye.

Chr. rhenmatism.

Gunshot wound head.

Gunshot wound right thigh.

Gunshot wound right knee.

St Vitus' dance.

Loss left arm.

Disease of eyea.

Loss right leg.

Gunshot wound left ann.

LtMis left foot

Gunshot wound both thighs ;
fractured jaw.

Gunshot wound left arm.

Chr. diarrh. ; opium habit

log. hernia, ana rheumatiam.

Fistula in ano; hernia.

Rheumatism ; lamenena.

Asthma : hernia ; loss fore>
finger.

Prolapsoa of rectum.

NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS. 11

List of members ofihe National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers who receive mor^ than

$16 per month peneion.eto, — Coutinued.

Date. No.

1880.
Oct 27 '192
Oct 29 I 293
Dec. 8 • 294

Dec. 10

l>ec. 23

1881.
Jau. 11
Jau. 18
Jan. 19

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Har.

Mar.

Apr.

21
27
24

5
10
17
24
27

Apr. 20
May 9
May 18
June fl

June 27
Juno 30
July 12

July 18
July 25
Anf. 10
Kept. 9
Sept 9
Sept 24
Oct 7
Oct 17
Oct 28
Nov. 9
Nov. 2d
Dec. 16
Dea 20
Dec. 28

1882.
Jan. 5
Jan. 28

Feb. 11

Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Apr.
vApr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
May
May

20
6
8
10
16
17
24
25
26
26
17
19

June 8
June 23
June 28
July 6
July 7
July 11
July 19
July 21

Aug.

353

Aufr.

3.'>4

Any.

355

Aiie.

356

Sepl.

357

Oct

358

Oct

359

295

296

297
298
299

300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308

309
310
311
312

313
314
315

316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
3i5
326
327
328
329

S3o
331

332

333
334
336
33G
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344

345
346
347
348
349
360
851
352

Name.

Co.

Chaffee. Marlon

Dobelbieg. Henry

Curev, Jobn

Keily (alias Riley),

Jonu).
Patterson, Wesley L. .

Peck, Matthew C

Troy, Richard

Nadin. Arthur (alias
John Smith).

Gurley, Thomas

Stock'well, Henry B. . .

fiaiTis,JameH

Richmond. Albert G . .

Weber, Albert

Nolan, Thomas

Phillips, Howard B ...

Delano Joel M

O'Connell, Redmond ..

Jones, Rich ard ......

Har wood, John

Austin, William A.
Penney, Richard...,

Smith. George .
Sterrett-, James
Byron, John W

McNally, Anthonr

Wilkinson, John C

Gawthome, Joseph . . .

Ebb, Alexander

Hiltz,Jobn W

Magnuaon, Israel

Fairfleld, Joseph B

Treadwell, Franklin ..
Thompson, George. . .

McGrath. Daniel

Mooney. Patrick

SiiUiTan, Dennis

Colgan, James-

Doyle, Patrick

Manrer, Rudolph ...
Grosskopff, Edward

Kelly, Timothy

Hesson, John

Pearson, Thomas J ..

Fuchs, William

Da vIh, Robert H

Healy. James ,

Shai ger, Francis

Davis, James

Northy, George A

Totten, James

Davis. William

Crawtord, John D

Sherwood, J amea L..

Di vinay, Patrick

Hobart, Ht»nry M

McGuire, Thomas

Lichtenfels. Leopold.

Shields, Jobn

Daley.Jobn

McMonignl, Nell

Moran, John

L von. Peter R.

Wittel, Jacob

Martin, John

Glat/ol, P. Paul

Decring, Peter

Savage, Jouas M. C
Atkins, Beujamiu. .

£
B
H
D

C
C
C

H
F
A

I
I

F
C
K
A
C
E
E
F
E
H
G
C
K
K

C
A
I
E
G
U
B
E
1)

C
O

B
B
H
D
D
M
F
D

C
B
C
E
H
B
K

Regiment.

4th Vt

146th N.Y

3d N.H

5thN.Y.H. Art'y ..

Rate.

60tb Ohio

10th Wis.

2d N.Y.H. Art'y..
l9thU.S.Infy

$30.00
24.00
30.00
17.00

20.00

30.00
17.00
24.00

17.00
21.00
17.00
24. UO
24.00
30.00
17.00
24.00
30.00

30.00
25.00
2t00
20.00

14th Conn 36.00

119th Pa :..! 30.00

LtCoL88th N.r...; 22.50

28th Mass, ...
11th Iowa ...

9th Mass

07th N.Y...,

9th Wis

U.S.Navy...
3d U. S. Infy.

51st Ind.

1st Maine....

5th Conn ,

19th N. Y. Cav'y ...

IstTeun

U.S. Vols

6l8tPa

85th Pa

7th Ky. Cav'y

30th^.S.C.*r

23d Ohio ,

26th Ind

1st Ohio Lt. Art*y ..
7th N.Y.H. Art'y .

34thN.J

2lst r. S.Inry

95th N Y

10th U. S. Infy

79th N.Y ,

3d Del...;

3d N, J. Cav'y....
10th Ohio Batt'y .

20th Ohio

17.00
30.00
17.00
45.00
30.00
45.00
30.00
17.00
17.00
45.00
24.00
20.00
36. 00
45.00

30.00
25.00

30.00

45.00
17.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
30.00
45.00
24.00
24.00
80.00
30.00
30.00

30.00
18.00
24.00
17.00
18.00
17.00
30.00
17.00

22.00
24.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
97th Pa I 20.00

81st Pa

100th N.Y ,

73d Pa

57th JT.Y ,

IflthN.Y ,

lat R. I. Art'y

oot-ll Xl. X .........I

39th Mass

11th N.J

U.S.Navy ,

Ist Md

nth N.Y. Cav'y...

I70thN.Y

25th Conn

5th Conn

1st N.Y.Lt Arty.

66th N.Y

5th U.S. Arty....

69th Pa

38th 111

67thN.Y

2d Pa. H. Art'y.
34th Mass....'..

20th Wis

OlhN. H

Reasoirfor admission.

1st Mo. Arty ' 17.00

Gnnsliot wound ; anchylosis.
Paralysfi. .:

Loss of right leg.
Gunshot wound fade; ulcer

left leg.
Gunshot wound back and

sidH.
Disease of eyes.
Varicoso veins right leg.
Heait disease.

lUaease of lungs.
Rheunmtism, heart disease.
Heart disease.

Gunsliot wound right thigh.
Gunshot wound left arm.
Los.s right hand.
Curvature of spine.
Atrophy of optic.
Gunshot wound left foro-

ann.'
Gunshot wound left arm.
Desfkiess, general debility.
Shell wound lt>ft leg.
Disease uriuary organs,

stricture.
Loss right leg.
Loss ]ti'i leg.
Shell wouud head and leg,

fractured arm.
Chronic rheumatism.
Deafness.

Injury right knee-joint
lA>es toft arm.
Loss right leg.
Loss right aim.
Rheumatism, spinal disease.
Chronic rheumatism.
Gunshot wouud left arm.
Loss left arm.
Gunshot wound hfp.
Rheumatism, deafness.
Gunshot wound right arm.
Loss right arm.

Hernia.

Partial deafness and blind-
ness.
Shell wound left leg, gun-
shot wound right wrist.

Loss left arm.

Piles; catarrh; rheumatism.

Ulcer left leg.

Gunshut wouud left hand.

Gunshot wound right hand.

Lo:4s left leg.

Loss right le^-

Gunshot wound loft knee.

Injurj[ left hip.

Chronic rheumati.sm.

Gunshot wound left foot.

Irritable bladder; rheuma-
tism.

Loss right leg.

Hernia.

Fistula in ano.

Chronic rheumatism.

Gunshot wound left wrist.

Chronic rheumatism.

Gunshot wound foot.

Gunshot wound right hip
and left leg.

Deafness.

Rheumatism : loss right eye.

Gunshot wouud right thigh.

Loss left foot.

Gunshot wound foot

Gun.Hhot wound body.

Double inguinal heruiau

12 NATIONAL HOBIE FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERa

List of members of the National Home for Dieahled Volunteer Soldiers who receive more tha»

$16 per month pension, etc, — ContiDued.

Bate.

1882.
Nov. 1
Nov. 8
Nov. 7
Nov. 18
Nov. 24
Dea 13

No.

SCO
361
362
3C3
364
865

Name.

Deo. 2S

366

Dec. 25

367

Dec. 29

866

Dec. 30

369

1883.

^aD. 8

370

JaiL 11

371

Jan. 13

872

Jan. 27

373

Feb. 3

374

Feb. 19

375

Mar. 9

376

Mar. 16

377

Mar. 17

378

Mar. 28

379

Mar. 31

380

Apr. 15

381

Apr. 16

382

May 13

383

May 30

384

June 9

385

Jane 21

886

June 24

887

June 25

388

Jane 29

389

July 4

890

July 9

391

July 12

392

July 21

393

July 26

394

Aug. 1

395

Aufc. 18

896

Aug. 22

397

Sept 6

398

S*?pt. 26

399

Oct. 3

400

Oct. 9

401

Oct. 10

402

Oct. 17

403

Oct. 18

404

Oct. 26

405

Oct. 27

406

Nov. 4

407

Nov. 7

408 !

Dec. 15

409

Dec. 15

410

Dec. 29

411

Dec. 30

412

Dec. 31

413

1884.

Jan. 1

414

Jan. 1

415

Jao. 3

416

Jan. 3

417

Jan. 4

418

Jan. 12

419

Jan. 16

420

Jao. 26

421

Mar. 22

422

Apr. 8

423

Apr. 12

424

Apr. 15

425

Brownellt David ..
Miller. Cktnrad....
David, Daniel R-..

Mania, Jacob

Armbrold, Mox . . .
Hawley, George S.

Dee. Michael

Kellen, George £. .
Gallcher, Thomaa
Cure, Martin W ..

Larkin. Philip . C

Brooks, Michael D

Healy, James D

MiUer, Samuel H

Lee. William A

Fitzgerald. Robert D. D

Reynolds, Thomas G

Campbell, Alexander. D

Pfaflfjohn .! B

Neil, Isaac D

Wolf, George 1 C

C
G
H

A
£

F
M
F
A

Regiment.

Shannon, John

Devine, James

Porter, James R . . .
Murray. Samuel ...

Keer, Michael

C rawford, John ....
Montgomery, Isaac
Reich, Max

McGann, Michael .

Singleton, Thomas. .

WiMas, Anton

Kennedy, John

Campbell, Samuel F

B
B

K
D
B
B
H

Leonard, Thomas.
Kerr, Hugh

Hewitt. William J...

Moore, Joseph T

Fraxier, Leonidas

Beebe, Aaron

Welch, Patrick

Judd, William H

Hauseman, Jacob R .
Steinman, Matt C

Burd, William

Allen, Lyman S. . ..

Colin. Daniel

Happen, Frederick.
Miles, William

Hoesle, Henry .
Engel, Merits .

Cherry, Charles.

Richey, David .
Farrell, Frank.

Stewart. James

Carnal, Scott.

Blake (alias Ballon),
EG.

Kane, Thomas

Knoblock, Frederick

Butler. Brastus D

Marshall, Maurice F.
Kiss, Anthony

Geyer, John

McFadden, William

Carroll, Martin

Johnson, Ogden. . . «.

B
B
G

K
L

C
G
B

H
C
A
B
M

G
D
C
B
A

F
B

B
C

K
K
K

H
C
B
B

K
I
H

24th Wis

162dN.Y

5th Ohio Cav'y.

32dlnd

27th Pa

23dU.8.C.T...

18th N.Y

6th Kan. Cav'y.

165th N. T

20thKy

• • • • • • I

48th N. Y.
5th N. H..
2dW.Va.
nth Pa...
93d Pa....
155th N Y
104th Pa..
96th Pa..
20th Ind ....
133d N.Y»....

5th Md

5th Mich

9lHtPa

135th Pa

82dN.Y

7th R.I

198th Pa

8UtPa

9thU.S.Inry

lG6thN.Y

Com. sg't 79th N. Y
15th N. Y. H. Art'y.

1st Pa

47th Ohio ,

15th Ky.
13th P».

91st Pa...
26th Ohio .
13lh Ind ..
10th Conn
124th Ohio
SUtMo...
27th Pa...
67th Pa...

82dPa

100th N.Y.
183d Pa....
39th lU....
9th N.J...

107th Ohio

12th IlL Cav'y.

25th Ohio

4th Pa....
59th Mass.

IstMd

79thU.8.C.T
2d Vt

95th Pa

11th Conn...

13th Vt

5th N.J

8d Batt'y N.

Arty.
7th Ohio Cav'y

4th N.Y

2dKy

139th N.Y....

J. L.

Rate.

$30.06
30.00
17.00
17.00
24.00
60.00

24.00
20.00
24.00
22.00

30.00
30.00
24.00
24. OC
30.00
30.00
30.00
36.00
18.00
24.00
24.00
80.00
24.00
60.00
30.00
24.00
17.00
24.00
26.00

24.00

24.00
17.00
36.00
17.00

36.00
24.00

22.00
17.00
46.00
30.00
17.00
20.00
17.00
24.00

30.00
24.00
17.00
86.00
20.00

17.00
24.00

80.00

30.00
17.00

30.00
45.00
20.00

17.00
17.00
36.00
24.00
30.00

17.00
80.00
17.00

saoo

BeasoB for admissioB.

Chronic diarrbea.

Loss left eye.

Pilee : iigury right hand.

GnnHhot wound face; hernia.

Heart disease.

Gunshot wound face; rbeam-

atism.
Gunshot wound head.
Deafness ; pilmi.
Gunshot wound left Isg.
Double vision ; vertigo.

LcMS right leg.

Disease of eyes.

Disease of lunga.

Gunshot wound spine.

Gunshot wound left arm.
Do.

Rheumatism.

Loas.right arm.

Gunshot wound right foot

Varicose veins.

Hernia; piles.

Disease of eyes.

Injury right leg.

Hernia, dtiafnesa right ear.

Paralysis.

Gunshot wound, right hand.

Gunshot wound, arm.

Loss left leg.

DeaC left ear, partly deaf
right.

Gunshot wound, right shoul-
der.

Rheumatism.

Gunshot wound, right leg.

Loss right leg.

Gunshot wound, left fore-
arm.

Loss left arm.

Gunshot wound, right shoal*
der.

Gunshot wound head.

Gunshot wound left breast.

Loss left arm.

Epilepsy.

Varicose veins, ulcer of leg.

Gunshot wound body.

Gnnahot wound heafd.

Gunshot wound right ankle
and knee joint.

Loss left arm.

Gunshot wound face.

Gunshot wound right wrist

Loss left leg.

Heart disease and nervous
exhaustion.

Heart disease.

Heart disease and disease
of lungs.

Epilepsy; paralysis of blad-
der.

-Loss left arm.

Gunshot wound bead.

Gunshot wound rigbtleg.

Loss left leg.

Gunshot wound left breast.

Gunshot wound left leg.

Loss right eye.

Gunshot wound left groin.

Rheumatism.

Fractureil right arm ; blijid

" riichteye.

Varicose veins left leg.

Gunshot wound neck.

Diseaaeof eyes.

Gunshot wound left arm.

NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS. 13

ZM ofmemberB of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers who receive more than

%IQ per month pension, etc. — Continued.

Date.

1884.
Apr. 15
Apr. 26
May 3

May 3

Hay 6

May 10

May 19
Jane 4
Jline 10
Jane 14
June 14
June 24
Jane 25
Jane 25
June 28
June 26

Jone27
July 1
July 3
July 0

July 12
Jaly 12
July. 12
July 13
July 18
July 10
July 19
Jaly 23
July 28
Jnly 29
Aug. 7
Aoj?. 13
Ang. 16

Sept 16
Sept. 20
Sept. 27

Rept 30
Sept. 80
Sept 30
Oct 11

Oct 11
Oct 14
Oct 18

Oct 21
Oct 30
Nov. 13
Nov. 13
Not. 14
Nov. 22
Nov. 24

Nov. 29

Dee. 3

Dec 0

Dec. 10

Dec 15

Dec. 21

Dec. 23

1885.

Jan. 1

Jan. 8

Jan. 7

Jan. 14

Jan. 19

Jan. 22
Jan. 27
Feb. 11
Mar. 11
Mar. 19

No.

426
427
428

429

430
431
432
433
434
436
436
437
438
439
440
441

442
443
444
445

446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458

459
460
461

402
463
464
465

466
467
468

460

470
471
472
473
474
475

476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483

484
485
486
487
488

489
490
491
492
493

Name.

James, David . .
Bmlaw, laaao . .
Stanley (Jamea.

Cox, David.

Farey, Thomas

Planoett Adam

Scherer, Hleronemuii.

BohU Edward

Calhoun, WillUm H.

Castner, John W

Donnelly, Tobias

Hamill, Thomas

LefevTcJohn

Heary, Philip

Moran. Thomas

Middlebrooks, WiU-
lam J.

Howe, John «

Geiger, Andrew

Landon, Jol^

Leaiy, Joseph

Oberer, John

Metcair,EdwinA....

Noonan, Dennis

Campbell, William. . . .
Gillespie, William I ..

Marshall, Joseph

Smith, John K

Hovey, Charles F

De Camp, William M.
Hammel, Valentine B.

Gavin, John

Fleming, Michael

Phillips, John B

Sabra, Leonard

Seibel, Casper

Bsohelman, Bei^amin.

Doherty, Philip

Wingood, Joseph H.

Kerr, Thomas

Mount, William P..

Prendergast, James.

Howe, Eugene

Walters, John;

Beck, Michael ....
McGorlick, John . .
A llman, Eugene ..
Butler. WUliam H
Lucas, Georse W .
Both, CoroeUas . . .
Jones, David

Oo.

Wilson, Alexander...
Stenter, Peter.

Hey, Christopher . . . ,

Klog, JoKnB

Gabser, Andrew

Randall, George W . .
Hazelton, Hen ry . . . . .
Leathe, Charles B. . ,

NolaUj Thomas . . .
Tracy, Alexander.
Glenn, William...
Coolldge, Michael.
Oyler,DavldH ...

Kelley. Michael

Oakm'aD, Winalow S

Hill, David

Noaker, George

Lust John

G
C
B

B
A
B
B

B
G

Begiihent

C
A

B
H
H
K
C
£

H
I

B
P
U
K
A

F
I
£
F
H

K
I
H
G

lUthPa

10th Mich. CaVy....
18th Ohio

IBth lod

82dPa

12th Maes

16th 111. Cav'y

7thU.ainfy

llihN.J

110th Pa

13thN.Y.H.Art*y.

57th N.Y

28th Pa

IstN.J

UUh N.Y

43d N.Y

4th N.Y

2dPa.H.Arfy.

32dMass

81st N.Y

ISthMo

IUhR.1

48fchMa88

eothPa

5th N.Y. Cav'y..

4th Ky

6th Ohio

34th N.Y

22dIowa

20th Pa. Cav'y..
16th N.Y. Cav'y

5th Maine

19th Mass

&ate.

$17.00
30.00
25.00

24.00

24.00
24.00
30.00
24.00
24.00
17.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
30.00
45.00

25.00
22.00
30.00
24.00

30.00
20.00
24.00
36.00
24.00
30.00
24.00
17,00
30.00
20.00
72. (to
17.00
30.00

54th Ohio 27.00

4th Ky 17.00

4lBt Pa.

U. S. Navy
32d Mass . ,
6th Wis...,
79tblnd ...

3dN.Y.Lt Art'y.

6th Vt

81stN.Y

TJ.aNavy

169th N.Y

72dPa

6th W. Va. Cav'y

nth Mass

73d Pa

41st in

6th N. Cav'y

46thN.Y

Bat A, Pa. Lt Arty

196th Pa

50th Pa

6th Maine

16th Ind

40th Mass

55th Pa...
9th Mich..
187th Pa..
20th Mass.
107th Pa..

15th Mass
32dMaas..
139th Pa..
1 47th Pa..
75th Pa...

Beason for admission.

24.00

30.00
24.00
22.60
17.00

24.00
24.00
17.00

17.00
24. 00
30.00
72.00
17.00
30 00
18.00

36.00
24.00
2.5. 00
21. OU
24.00
4.<^.00
18.00
17.00

30.00
30.00
45.00
25.00
17.00

24.00
24.00
17.00
24.00
17.00

Gunshot wound head.

Injut-y left leg— fall of horse.

Injury right knee— rheuma-
tism.

Gunshot wound right hip;
fractured left hip.

Gunshot wound head.

Loss left eye; heart disease.

Disease right leg.

Gunshot wound face.

Gunshot wound heatl.

Gunshot wound left chest

Bionchilis.

Gunshot wound head.

Gunshot wound right arm.

Gunshot wound wrist

Rheumatism.

Loss lett arm.

Gunshot wound, face.

Deafhess, rheumatism.

Gunshot wound, left arm.

Gunshot wound, thigh ; epi-
lepsy.

Loss right eye.

Deaibess.

Gunshot wound, head.

Loss right leg.

Disease of eyes.

Loss leg, rhenmatism.

Heart disease, rheumatism.

Hernia.

Gunshot wound, right arm.

Hhenmatism, heart diaeaiie.

Blindness

Heart disease.

Disease left foot ankle, and
leg.

Deafness, old age.

Varicose veins.

Injury to spine, shortness left
leg.

Loss left foot

(runshot wound, right arm.

Gunshot wounds. ^

Khcuroatism,diseaee of heart
and ttidnc^'H.

Piles, prolapsus of rectum.

Gunshot wound, right elbuw.

Gnushot wound, head; ver-
tigo.

Gunshot Yound, face.

Iigurv to shoulder and back

Gunshot wound, left hand.

Paralysis.

Gunshot wound, head.

Deafness.

Gunshot woundaud varicose
veius.

Loss right leg.

Rheumatism.

Deafness.

Gunshot wound, left leg.

Fracture right leg.

Loss right arm.

Gunshot wound, right knee.

Gunshot wound, left arm.

Gunshot wound, breast.
Rheumatism.
Loss right arm.
Gunshot wound, head.
Rheumatism, heart and kid-
ney disease.
Chronic rheumatism.
Sun-stroke.
Injury to right wrist
General debility.
Fracture left arm.

14 NATIONiX HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.

List of members of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers who receive more than

$16 per month pension^ etc. — Continued.

Date.

1885.
Apr. 1
Apr. 18

Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Hay
Maiv
Mtty
May
Uav
May
May
May
Myy
May

No.

May 20

May 23
Miiy 23
June 6

June 6
June 9

June 13
Jane 20
June 24
June 26
July 1

Jnlv 3
Jnly 4
July 11
Jnly 21
July 28
Aug. 4
Aug. 7

494
493

496
497
498
490
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

Kame.

513
514

515
516
517
518
519

520
521
622
523
524
625
526

Ang.

527

Aug.

528

Aug.

529

Aug.

530

Sept.

531

Sept

532

.Sept.

633

Sept.

534

Oct.

635

Oct.

.S36

Oct-

537

Oct

538

Oct

539

Oct

540

Oct

541

Nov.

•1

542

Nov.

543

Nov.

'24

544

Dec.

545

Dec.

546

1886.

Jan.

547

Jan.

548

Mch.

549

Mcb.

550

Mch.

551

Mch.

552

Mch.

553

Apr.

554

Apr.

555

Apr.

556

Apr.

557

Apr.

558

LntKelshwab, Charles
Kramer, George

AViltiamn John

Sinl«'g, Andrew

\V heelock, John E

Buma, WilJfam A —

Fu Ifonl, J obn

L<»e«ch»»r, William . . .

Sipitb, Jolin

LhwIs, Jainea

Brown, Eplnaim

Maguire. William L ..

Farr, A ndre w J

Hardiug, Charles

Collins, Jamea

509 W interson. James P . .

510 Harper, William

611 Keith. GoorgeW

512 WorthiugtoD, Thomas

Johns, Daniel...
Sliearer, John C

Ha yden, Richard ..

Keese, Daniel

Rice, Thomas

King. Peter

Helftecht, Wifliam

Curley, Henry J ...

Groyn, James

Kanp, Anthony* . . .
Kadzinsky, Joseph.
Kennedy, James . . .
Hughes, William . .
McCully, John W .

Co.

Day, Joseph £

McGarvev, William H

Crumav, Stephen

Redflefa, Harry C

Morrison, Joel N

Walsh. Michael

Feman, John

O'Brien, Jeremiah .
Culbertson, Joseph
Delfield, John

Dresser, Simon B
Saapp, Victor

I'^iend, Jacob.

Milde. Charles

Ripp, Philip

McLaughlm, John

Potts, «John

Greenwood, George. . .

Quilty, Patrick i

Mnlheran, Michael. . . .

Mohr, Charles ....

Schmidt, Carl

Phelan, Thomas . .
Fitzgerald, John..

Toders, James

Sullivan, Timothy
Young, Charles . . .
Donnelly, James . .
Connolly, Michael

Quigley, James

Jacknish, Gregor
Peck, William ...

A
G

L
K
A
G
£
H
G
1

G
B
H
B

F
D
E

D
B

I
D
G
C
£

K
K
F
G

I
I

G
G
C
A

E
K
E

F
D
B
1
D
G

K
A

Regiment.

llth 111. Cav'y
70th Obio

U.S. Navy

2dPa.H Art'y.
31stU.S.Iury,

14th Ohio

17th Conn

15th Mo

116th Pa

19th Wis

18th Wis

59lhOhio

66th 111

6th Wis

28th Mass

Rate.

28th Pa...
2lstlnd...
7th R.l...
106th Ohio

14th N. Y
65th Pa..

$20.00
30^00

17.00
25.00
25.00
45.00

24.00
17.00
30.00
30.00
24.00
24.00
30.00
18.00
17.00

24.00
24.00
36.00
17.00

17.00
20.00

27th Ohio

IstN. Y.Engrs.

76th Pa

71st Pa

15th N. Y. Cav'y
lOthU.S.Infy..

17.00
18.00
30.00
18.00
30.00
17.00

74th Pa 17.00

eoth N.Y 30.00

29th Pa I 22.00

173d N.Y 17.00

6th Kan. Cav'y
40th Ohio

24300
20.00

156th Pa 30.00

14th 111

2d Md

12th R.I

U.S.Navy

i 36th N.Y'. J

13th U.S. Infy.... 5
52d N.Y

15th N.J

MAi.32d Ind...

78d NY

19thMa8.s

85th Pa

1781 h Ohio

23d U.S. Infy.

20th Mass

32dlll

Ist Ohio Art'y

16th Wis..
37lh Ma.s8

17.00
17.00
17.00
17.00
24.00

24.00

4.'>.00
17.00
30. 00
rJ.OO
80.00
22.00
18 00
30.00
24.00

17.00

18.00
17.00

Reason for admission.

3d R. I. Cav'y 17.00

157th Pa 30.00

9th Mass 24.00

lOth N.Y i 17.00 I

4th Wis. Cav'y ' 17.00 :

U.S.Navy 30.00'

Col.USlhPa 80.00:

10th Ind. Cav'y 30. 00 .

15th N. Y. H. Art'y . 24. 00 \

3d Mass , 20.00 '

27th Pa 30.00 ;

1st Pa 24.00 I

Injury to head, deafness.
Gunshot wound thigh, sabre

cut bead.
Absce«M right side.
Erysiprlas.
Deafuess.
Lo'<8 rl;;ht leg.
Chronic diarrhoea.
Gunshot wound, left leg.
Shell wound, left leg.
Loss left hand.
Dlcieaise of eyes.
Pueuiiionia, spinal irritation.
(Jhittnlc rheumatism.
Gunshot wound, head.
Gunsliot wound, right shoul-
der.
Kidney disease.
Phthisis.

Gunshot wound, right ankle.
Asthma, gunshot wound leg,

lung disease.
Rheumatism, heart disease.
Gunshot wound, right shoul-

der.
Gunshot wound, face.
Gunshot wound, right wrist,
libciimatism.
Heart disease.
Gunshot wound, left shoul-

dei.
Chronic rheumatism.
Gunshot wound, right thigh.
Varicose ulcer of leg.
Guiisliot wound, right leg.

Do.
Gunshot wound, right knee.
Gunshot, ^roia ; diarrb(ea

rheumatism.
Gun slut wound, right foot
Diseasr) of spine.
Atrophv.
Heart itisease.
Fracture, left leg.
Gun shot wound, variooao

veiuM, lung diHcase.
Ri<;ht scrotal heniia.
P.tralysia.
Chronic diarrhea.
Gunshot wou])d.* right shonl-

dfT
Loft scrotal hernia.
Rheumatism, neuralgia, mal-

nut 1 it f on
Gunshot wound, left arm and

head.
Gun.<)hot wound, face.
Hernia.
Paralysis.

Gunshot wound, side.
Epilepsy.

Gunshot wound, breast

Gunshot wound, left leg.

Loss of arm.

Sciatic rheumatism.

Gunshot wound, left thigh.

Partial loss of sight.

Disease or lungs.

Catarrh, deafness.

GuDshot wound right hand-
Gunshot wound right arui.

Gunshot wound left shouU
dor.

Injury hip and spine; hydro-
cele.

Injury right side.

Chronic uiarrhea.

.NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLtJNTEKR SOLDIERS. 15

ZAai ofniemhersof the National Home for Diiahhd VoJniiteer SoUHers who receive more than

$iQ per vwnth pension, etc. — Continued.

I
Date. I No.

1886. )
Apr. 28 ! 659

Apr. 28
May 2

May 6
May 17
May 21-
May 26

Juno 8
June 9
June II
Juno 11
June 11
June 23
June 23
Juno 23
June 26
June 27
Ju»v 1
July 1
July 4
July 6

560
561

562
563
564
565

866
567
568
569
570
571
572
571
574
575
576
577
578
579

July 13 I 580

July U

July 14
July 15
July 15
July 17

July 17
July 19
July 19
July 22
Jaly 29
Aug. 10
Au;;. 16
An];. 26
Aug. 28
Sept. 3
Sept. 7
Sept. 8
Sept. 16
Sept. 18

581

582
583
.584
585

586

587

588

589

590

591

502

5(J3

594

595

1 506

' 697

I 598

599

Sopt. 2L 600
Oct. 1 j 601
Ovt. 26 ! 602

Oct 29
Nov. 1

603
604

Nov. 1 005

Nov.

006

Nov.

607

Nov.

608

Dec

609

Dec.

610

Dec.

611

Dec.

612

1887.

Jan.

613

Jan.

614

Jan.

016

Jan.

616

Feb.

617

Feb.

618

Feb.

619

Mar.

620

Mar.

621

Mar.

622

Mar.

023

Mar.

is24

Name.

Bench in. Fmok. ...,
Kollinci, Henry J —
PriiuroDe, James M.

Smith, Willmm ..

RuRsell, John

BiM^kett, Edward.
Colbert, Kdward .

Dorsev, Kdward

Gilligan. Michael C.

Canary, Timothy

I'ietzach, Joseph

ilaskius, Ungh

Blinn, John H

Eastman, Nelson W .

Moore, Loauder

MUler, Francis P....
Crumley, J aines W ..

Steele, J ames

White, John

AnderHon, Frederick
Trayuur, j«>anci8

Coffey, John

Deinzer, Karhart.

Hylont, Morris . .
MyerA, George R

York, Oi is

McGowen, John .

McGowan, Edward
AdaniA, Enoch G —
Pierce, J osiah P —
Uartman, Charles . .

Smith, George ,

Mayne, Thomas G .

Marr, Michael

Auibnrg, William. .,

ChsMo, Abels

Sliortlidge, Allen . . ,
Ooterho^ Sherman
Knozman, Charles.

Hell, John

Knapp, Lyman M. .

Green, George ^ . .
Ei-nst, Christopher.
Bonner, Chnrlea. . . .
Kaler. Frederick...
Utz, William

Ryan, Martin

Lechler, John

Curtis, Marcus A.

Book, George H . . .
Lepere, Frederick

Cole, Frank M

Longfellow, Stephen
Kelly, James

Co.

D
H
C

Regiment.

Collins, Henry

Parcell, James

Rosenmeier, Frederick

Bontelle, George D. . .
Devlin, Joseph

Snyder, Stephen

Greb,Jobn ,

Connors, Michael

Harrop, Henry

Campbell, Joseph A . .
Richiinlsou, Chancel-
lor L

W iUiams, Hyson C

E
H

G
D

K
D
D

EG
E
L
L
B

G
K
G
G

H
£
C
F

G
H

B
I

A
D
D
F

12th Iowa ,

flthN.Y.Cav'y.,
146th N.Y

Rate.

20th P«. Cav'y.

llUhlll

U.S. Navy

7th Kan.Cav'y,

1stU.S.C.T...

63d N.Y

16th Wis

32dlnd

3d Pa

72dOhio

2d Mo.Cav'y...

1st Wis

15th Ohio

74th N.Y

4th Ohio

3dMd

4th U.S. Arty,
102d N.Y

17th Mass.
22d Ohio..

26th Pa -.

18th N.Y.Cavy.

OlstN.Y

77th III

28th Mass

l8tU.S.Iury

2d Del ,

Uth U.S. Infy....

55th Pa

11th Vt

14th N. Y.Cav'y ...

42dlll

241 h lud.Batfy....

IfttDel

5th U.S. Infy ,

29th N.Y

1st Mo.Lt.Art'y..
U.S-Navy

44th Ohio

27th Pa

10th N.H

1st Kan

13th Ind. BatryN.

Y.L.Art'y
95th N.Y

82d Pa....

18th Mich.

82d Pa....
47th Ohio.

40th Wis..
20thMa8s.

7th ni.....

116th Pa

U6thN.Y

6th Batt'y Ind.
Arty.

U.S.Navy

102dN.Y;8thN.Y.

H. Art'y

5th Md

15th Iowa...

Ist N.Y.Cavy

l8t N.J

7th Kan

I3th Mo. Cav'y 30. 00

Reason for admlAsiou.

17.00
25.00
18.00

36.06
17.00
24.00
22.00

36.00
17.00
24.00
24.00
20.00
20.00
24.00
24.00
17.00
24.00
80.00
24.00
18.00
18.00

24.00
17.00

30.00
30.00
24.00
24.00

45.00
24.00
17.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
30.00
18.00
20.00
30.00
24.00
22.00
24.00

20.00
24.00
25.00
17.00
30.00

30.00

24.00
30.00

80.00
2.'). 00

24.00
24.00
17.00

24.00
30.00
20.00

30.00
30.00

24.00

24.00
24.00

24.00
18.00
21.00

Gunshot wonud right thigh.

RheumatiHm.

Gunshot wound left shoul-
der.

Gunsliot wound loft arm.

W^ouud in ankie.

Asthma; heart disease.

Deafness; fulling of intes-
tines.

Gunshot wound left arm.

Chronic bronchitis.

Disease of eyes.

General debility.

Gunshot woundrlght arm.

Hernia; urinal fistula.

Dis eane of ey es ; diarrhea.

Chronic diarrhea.

Vni^cose veins.

Gunshot wound in body.

LoHs of leg.

Gnn»hotwound left arm.

Gunshot wound left jaw.

Gunshot wound right sido;
loss right nrm.

Disease of eyei*.

Varicose veins; ulcer right

leg-
Heart disoase.
Chruuic rheumati.nm.
Gunshot wound right arm.
Clirouic rheumatism ; ulcer

of I pp.
Loss right arm.
Gitnitliot wound neck.
Gunshot wouud right hand,
('lironio rheumatism.
Gunshot wound l«*ft arm.
Gunshot wound neck.
Shell-wound left li*g.
Gunshot wound left hand.
Disease of eyes.
Gunshot wound right thigh.
Loss right leg.
Hernia.
Rheumatism.
Prolapsus rectum ; norvous'

prostration.
Deafness.

Gunshot wound left sholder.
Deafness.

Diarrhoea; varicose veins.
Rheumatism.

Gunshot wound loft hand;
shell wound face.

Gunshot wound breast.

Varicocele ; impaired right
lung.

Injury to spine.

Muscular rheumatism; deaf-
ness.

Hemiplegia.

Gunshot wound left thigh.

Gnusbot wouud head.

Chronic rheumatism.
Gunshot wound right leg.
Injury to back ; deafness'.

Chronic rlumniatism.
Fracture both kpees.

Gunshot wound left log-
Heart disease.

Rhenmatinm; varicose veins-..
Heart diseaHe.
I)i8ea.se o( bladder.
Abiscesa right groin.

Rheumatism.

16 NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.

Hat of members of the National Home for DUahled Volunteer Soldiers who receive more than

$16 per month peneioti, etc, — Coutinued.

Date.

1887.
liar. 27
Mar. 27
Apr. 5
Apr. 6
Apr. 7
Apr. 10
Apr. 12
Apr. 12
Apr. 13
Apr. 13
Apr. 27
May 3
May 7

May 7

May 12

No.

625
620
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637

638
639

May 12 040
May 12 041
May 24 642
June 12 \ 643

JuQe 21 644
Jaue 25 645

Jane 25 I 646
June 27 : 647
June 29 648
July 11 ! 649

July 12 I 650|

Jaly 15 • 651
July 21 I 652
July 23 I 653

July 23 ! 654

July 24 ; 655
Aug. 9 I 666
Aqk. 22 I 657
Aug. 24 I 658

Aug. 28 i 659
Sept. 14 ' 660

Name.

Sept. 14
Sept. 27
Sept 28

mi.

Sept. 29
Oct. 2

Oct 3
Oct 9
Oct 15
Oct 24
Oct 27
Nov. 10
Nov. 11
Nov. 12
Nov. 15
Nov. 16
Nov. 17
Dec. 3

661
602
663

664

665

; 666
667
; 668
I 669
i 670
' 671
672

era

674
675
676
677

Dee. 14 678
Deo. 20 079

1888.
Ja». 1 I 680
Jan. 13 ' 081
Feb. 11 I 682
Feb. 23 j 683
Feb. 24 I 684

Mar. 3
Mar. 14
Mar. 16
May 1
May 1
May 1

0H5
686
687
688
080
690

Hay I 691
M»y 8 I m

Hammell. Joseph

Fotter. William

LeaHure, Andrew

Royal, Jarvia

3orcherding, Herman.
Benham, William H . .
Keppler, Frederick . . .
Fora, Cbriittopber . . . .

Ubler, WiUiam J

McMurtry, James

Southward, William ..

Baldwin, Leroy E

Murphy, John J

Matteson, David . . . .
Gibson, Charles H ..

Farrell, ^f amea

Gray, LeviO *.

Gariow, Stephen F. .
Wekbacher, Valen-
tine.
Latham, Charles S . .
Hobaon. William....

McNichols, George . . .
McNamata, Matthew .

Snyder. Ellis D

Smith. William

Haven, Francis (alias
Franklin M.).

Ford,Isaac W

McVey, John

Clarkson, Anselm J. . .

Dicks, William M ...

Killberg, Henry F . . .

Fieck, Jacob

Creishton, Hugh T ...
Beeroower, Sylvester
D. f

Smith,Jobn

Newman, William A. .

Heazlitt,JohnC.
Babcock, Peter J
Merkle, Charles .

Brown. William F .
McDonougb, John .

KitxensteiD, Louis.
Looinis, Francis S .
Golden, John C ....

Breth, Charles

Johnson, James W
Fringe, Go<lfrey ...
Mur> ay, James . . . .
McGrath, Dticlar ..
Humphrey, Denuis

Ford. John N

Geusber, Charles . .
Farley, John

Minehan, Morris

Hankiuson, Jospeh H

Smith, Frank . . . .
Muller, Ernest r}.
Kill martin, John.
Showe, Uzziah . . .
West, James F. . .

Parker, Richard L

Rutherford, William.

Bird, Washington

Hayes. Michael

Flart John

Duffy, John

Montgomery. James . .
JfM$ol»Qn, 3 uliua

Co.

H
D
G
B
D
C
B
£
C
E
G

Regiment

B
D
A
A
A
K

D
I
I
K

B
B
A

F
A
B

A
B
K

D
G
D
D
C
C
H
H

G
G

B
A

C
I
B
F

F
C
E
G

98th Pa

138th Pa

ist Ind, H. Art'y

67th 111

16th Conn

3d N.J

Ist tJ. 8. Art'y ..

18th Conn

32d Pa

3d MaCav'y ...

17th Wis

80th U. S. T
82dPa

Rate.

••••«<

154th N.Y...
20th Conn ...
45th 111......

9th 111. Cav'y

56th Pa

85th Wis ....

U.S. Navy.
39th Ohio.

1st Pa. Art'y...

91st Pa

2l8t Pa. Cav'y ..

3d Del

12th Ky. Cav'y..

17th Ky

11th Pa. Cav'y..
6th N. Y. Cav'y
53d Ky

3d Batt'y Ind. L.
Artv.

U.S.Navy

15th N.Y*. H. Art'y.

IstN.Y.Cavy

49th Pa

103d N. Y .
7th W. Va

147th Pa,.
28th Pa..
IstN.J..

54th Pa....
U.S. Navy.

...do

Olh X. Y. Cav'y

]16thOhio

2d N.Y. Cav'y..

46th 111

29th Pa ,

9th Mass

5th U.S. Art'y.

llUiIU

y«th Wis

146th N.Y

IstN.M.Oav'y

$30.00
30.00
17.00
30.00
17.00
17.00
22.00
17.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
17.00
18.00

17.00
17.00
25.00
20.00
24.00
72.00

2100
18.00

2400 ,

17. 00 !

17.00 I

25.00 I

}l7.00|i

24.00 i
24.00 ;
30.00 ;

25.00 !

32.00 !

30.00 ;

24.00 !
30.00 j

27.00 ;

24.00 i

30.00 -
24.00 I
24.00

30.00 ;
17.00 ;

30.00 j
3U.00
20.00
27.00 '

18.00 ;

24.00 :

17.00 i

30.00 I
22.00

24.00 ;

17.00 ,
17.00 i

63d Ind 24.00

llthind 24.00

20th N. Y. Cav'y.

6th Ky

54th Ohio

ll8thOhio

12th Conn

152dOhlo

Ord. Set U. S. A

178th Ohio

U.S.Navy

3d U.S. Cav'y..

32d MaHS

3d U.S. Cav'y...
\^V\x^V%

27.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00

24.00
20.00
30.00
18.50
92.00
27,00
17.00
94.00

Reason for admission.

Lots right band.

Heart disease.

Fractured rib right tide.

Gunshot wound, head.

Chronic rfaenma^sm.

Gunshot wound chest

Hernia.

Heart disease.

Cardiao.

lujury to left knee.

Lumbago; rheumatism.

Malaria.

Gun&hot wound head; loss

right eye.
Varicose veins.
Gunshot wound left breast
Rheumatism.
Locomotor ataxia.
Heart disease.
Total blindness.

Chronic rheumatism.
Injury right wrist ; blind left

eye.
Hernia.
Do.
Bronchitis; heart disease.
Deafuess from typhoid fever.
Gunshot wuuna, loss right

eye.
Paralysis.
Malaria.
Rheumatism; locomotor

ataxia.
Deaftaess ; lumbago; geueral

debility.
Hernia.

Rheumatism ; heart disease.
Gunshot wound Jaw.
Injury right leg.

General debility.

Gunshot wound f)M>e and

shoulder.
Hernia.

Gunshot wound Jaw.
Shell wound head.

Gunshot wound chest.
Gunshot wound right leg,

deafness,
Loss two fingers left hand.
Heart disease.
Kdema of legs.
Deafness and blindness.
Chronic diarrhea.
Gunt^hot wound left hip.
Gunshot wound face.
Diacase of eyes, piles.
Deafness both tsars.
Siiber cut right wrist.
Gunshot wound left hand.
Catarrh, o«ii\junctiviUs,rbea-

matism.
Disease of lunga
Ulcer right leg.

Deafness.
Partial blindnesa.
Gunshot wound left leg.
Chronic bronchitis.
Onnsliot wound left shoulder

and left leg.
Chronic bronchitis.
Lung disease, deHftieas,
A-sthma.

Injury right shoulder.
Deafness.
Hernia.

Gunshot wound left ankle.
^ Chronic diarrhea,

NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS. 17

LiatoffMmberaof the National Home far Disabled Volunteer Soldiers who receive more than

%16 per month pension, etc — Coutinaed.

Bate.

No.

1888.

H»y

693

May

694

May

096

M»y

696

Hay

097

May

606

JuLe

609

Joue

700

tTnne 12

701

June 18

702

June 19

703

June 22

704

Jane 26

705

Jane 27

706

July

707

July

708

July

709

July
July

710

Jniy

712

July

713

July

714

July

715

July

716

Aug.

717

Anc.

718

Aug.

719

Sept.

720

Sept.

721

Sept.

722

Sept.

723

Sept.

724

Sept.

726

Oct.

726

Oct.

727

Oct.

728

Oct.

729

Oct

730

Oct

731

Oct

Nov.

733

Nor.

734

Nov.

736

Nov.

737

Dec.

788

Dec<

739

Dec.

740

188a.

Jao.

741

Jan.

742

Feb.

743

Feb.

744

Feb.

745

Mar.

740

Mar.

747

Mnr.

748

Mar.

749

Apr.

750

Apr.

751

Apr.

7.'i2

Apr.

753

Name.

Wood, Sidney....
Galbretb, Robert
Heniy, Joseph P.

Glaney, Owen L

PoUocIc, Robert

Bacon, Lewis C

Koxberry, Thomas —
Battenon, William H.

Lemmond, George ....
Geizler, John

Carbercy, John L.
Didra, Christian..

Kelley, Michael

Byan, John

Riley. Michael

Crowley, Charles ...
McConnelL David. . .
Tweddle, William ..
Peterson, Henry W.
WevUl, Richard H..

Kelly, Robert J

Hexamer. Carl

O'Conneli, Jefteej. . .

Cowperthwaite, Sam'l

McKenna, Patrick —

Pillow, Chomas

Meyer, Louis

Henry, James

Brennan. Dominlok C .
Spouder, George D —
Lockroan, Amos W . ..
Gooden, Daniel J

Claffey, William ...

Moxley, John D

Mason, Thomas S. .
Hendriok, Richard
Smith, George

Welch, Patrick H

Herbert, Robert J

fiutterworth, John, Jr.

Wiley, Thomas J

Hoy. John F

Reavey, James (alias

Realy).
Kennedy, Thomas

(alias O'Brien).
Edwards, George T...

Preeton, Thomas

0'Brien,ChriBtopber H
McKinnon, Hugh

Co.

G
E
K

C
.D
F
L
G

Born. John

Callahan, James
Rochrig, Casper

Blake, Julius D....

Horan, John

Hanley, Michael . . .
Parker, Addison A.

Hicks, Thomas

Howard, Henry R .

Bloom, Andrew S . .
Sullivan, Thomas . .
McNally, Michael.
Rood, Amos D

A
H
G

> • • «

K
K
H

K
G
H

D
G
G

D
M

D
C
E

B
D

C
D
I
D

A
C

H
F
D
A
B
I

F
G
K

8. Mis. 224.

Regiment

121st Ohio ...
SdU.&lnfy
18th Mo

63d III

14thPa.Cav*y
72dPa.Inf ...

198th Pa :

1st Conn

U. S. Marine Corps . .
185th Ohio

U.S. Navy......

1st Minn. Art'y.

lstLa.Cav'y..

65th N.Y

12th Maine....

U.S. Navy

182d N.Y.

lOthKy

43d HI

Surg. U. S. Vols

88th N.Y

22dU.S.Inry..
43d N.Y

62dN.Y.

U.S.Navy

22dU.8.tQLfy

95thN.Y

26thU.8.C.T

24th Pa

IstMd. Cav'y

6th Ind

16th Ind. Batty Lt.
Art'y.

1st Mass.

1st Ohio Cav'y

214th Pa

09th N.Y

Iflth HI

Ulth N.Y.

U.S. Navy.
20th Mass..
23d Ohio...
6th W. Va-.
U.S. Navy,

74th Ind ..
8th 111 ....
86th Ind ..
9th Maine

8th Ohio

3d U.S. Cav'y.
117thN. Y....

40th Mass

IstU. S. Art'y..

85thN.Y

16th Ky

78th N.Y

10th Wis

7th Ky. Cav'y.

88th Ind

182dN.Y

7th Wis

Bate.

isaoo

24.00
17.00

«.00
20.00
17.00
24.00
24.00

24.00
30.00

17.00
17.00

24.00
24.00
30.00
24.00
l&OO
2a 00
30.00
25.00
17.00
17.00
17.00

17.00

80.00
30.00
18-00
24.00
17.00
24.00
30.00
20.00

36.00
17.00
20.00
24.00
30.00

17.00

24.00
20. UO
30.00
80.00
17.00

30.00

24.00

17.00

20.00

22.00

24.00
24.00

80.00
17.00
17.00
24.00
17.00
l&OO

25.00
30.00
18.00
30.00

Reason for admiasion.

Gunshot wound right arm.
Gunshot wound h^.
Rheumatism, general de*

bUity.
Deafiiees, hernia^
Paralysis.

Gunshot wound head.
Gunahot wound right wrist.
Arctioularis, rheumatism and

atrophy.
Heart disease.
Chronic rheumatism, heart

disease.
Rheumatism.
Rheumatism and heart dis-

Gunshot wound right ankle.
Gunshot wound left hand.
Asthma.

Do.
Disease of head.
Lumbago.
Rheumatism.
General debilitv.
Gunshot wound left ankle.
Hernia.
Gunshot wound ' left

and aathma.
Paralysis.

arm.

Bronchitis, asthma.
Disease of lungs.
Gunnhot wound neck, hernia.
Paralysis.
Ii^nry to head.
Disease of eyes.
Chronic rheumatism.
Cirrhosis of liver, dropsy

Loss right arm.

Injury to ankle, piles.

Sciatica.

Gunshot wound left side.

Gunshot wound right sboul*

der.
Gunshot wound left leg,

heart disease.
Bronchitis.
Piles.

Disease of lungs.
Heart disease.
Varicose veins,piles, cardiac.

Chronic rheumatism.

Bright's disease, irritation of

bladder.
Gunshot wound left hand,

diaeoAO of head.
Varioo&e veins, piles, heart

disease.
Rheumatism, general de*

bllity, old age.

Gunshot wound Jaw, hand,

and thigh.
Gunshot wound chest.
Rheumatism, partly blind,

heart trouble. •

Left inguinal hernia.
Gunshot wound head.
Gunshot wound right leg.
Rheumatism.
Injury to spine.
Gunshot wound, fracture leg

bones.
Fistula in ano, weak heart.
Lung disease.
Rheumatism, scurvy.
Gunshot wound Ish Bhoul<

der.

18 NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.

List of members of th^ National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers who receive m^n

than $16 per month pension, etc. — Continued. •

Date.

1889.
May 2
May 3
May 15
May 15

A«av 10
May 20
May 22
June II
June 10

June 10
Jnno 21
June L»7
June 27
July 1
Julv 2
J uly 8

July IG

Jnly
July
July
July
Aug.

2:t

No.

Jane 28

July 7

July

JulV

July

7
14
28
29

7U
756
75C
757
75H
759
700
701
702

763
704
765
706
707
768
709

770

771
772
77:1
774
775

Name.

Anp.

770

Aujf.

777

Aug.

778

Aug.

779

Si'i)t.

780

Sept.

781

Oct.

78-:

Oct.

78:i

Oct.

784

Oct.

785

Oct.

786

Oct.

787

Nov.

788

Nov.

7t^9

Nov.

790

1890.

Miir.

791

Apr.

792

Apr.

793

A pv.

794

Apr.

705

Apr.

"lOO

Apr.

797

May

798

May

709

May

800

May

801

May

802

May

803

May 20 ] 804
June 7 i 805
June 19 800
June 21 I 807

Juno 21 I 808

Juno 22 ' 800
June 23 I 810
June 27 , 811

812
813
814
815
816
817

Morgan, Michael

Robot ta, Henry

Mc Fa<laen, Alexander

Shielda, Morria H

Keevau. Thomas

O'Kane. Siraou

Flynn, William

Paul, AngustuH C ..
McGaviah, Lineaun . .

JohuHon, John

Mooro, Jamos B .

KoAsmat'Hslor, ( )tto . .

Cannon, John M

Hagor, Michael

Dunn, John

Kin rig, Caapor

Ba<ler, Jacob .

McGrath, Richard . .
Mcehan, John . . . .
Hadnell. Marahall D

Meek, Jacob

JutiUHon, Jamea

Brown, Louis

DeT<»ur, Morria W . . .

UeiHl, < J eorge II

West, Ueujamin F

Brown, William C

Ilonae, Jamea H

Novin, Hubert ,

Duffy, John

(Jrceno, Jamea

Sinclair, Percy S

DonaklaoDjCharlca W.

Co.

Lueilolph, Henry . ,
Kindrie, i'aniel A
Laboude, Peter . . .
Yervlng, Caapcr . .

Nowaom, Henry
Pieraon, John...

Barl>er, Jamea H .
Perla, Herman —
Bart«ll, Theodore

Mc Bride, James

Lampprecht, George.
Diehi, Jacob

Knight, Andrew

Lawler, Thomaa

Schenck, William A
Tanaey, VirllnG....
Lamb, Jamea

Hart. John H

Myora, George E . . .
Shannyhan, Daniel
Kodo, Adam

Qninn, Patrick

Martin, Patrick

Snyder, Louia

Shipman, Horatio N

Allart, John

Frost, John D

Hobzinger, Leonard. .

Siillivau John

Hiiger, Auguatun A. . .
Uarrovcr, Jamea R —

H
K

I
C

D
A
H
A
K
H

L
G
C
D
K
K
L
I

K
C

I
A
1
D

C
H

I
F
I

Regiment.

A
A
B
I
H

K
B
K

G
F
C

G
F
F
K
K
£

l8t N. Y. Vet. Vol . .

47thin

U.S. Navy

16th Conn

50th Mass ^.

17th Wis

U.S.Navv

l9iLt.3d(J.S.Cav'y
2d Ohio

2l8tPa.Cav'y

70lhU.S.C.T

39thN.Y ,

100th Pa

IJthN.Y

sathiii

5th N.Y

latMo.Art'y

mh Wis

latU.S. Art'y

44ihlnd

5thPa.Cav'y

Capt. and A. A. G.
Va. and N.C. Vols.

2d N.J

2dMo.Cav'y

0th Pa

15l8tN.Y

141«tPa

20th Wia

3d RI^H. Art'v ...

4th Del '

Ord. Dept U.S.A...

00th N.Y

14th Ind

26th Wis

86th N.Y

2d Wis

nth Wia

37thU.S.C.T

lOlhMich

IstDel

103d N.Y

52dOhlo

7th Wi8.Balt'y

04th HI

Ind. Batt'y Ky., Lt.
Arty.

23dKy

35th ind

15th N.J

125th m

lat U.S. Art'y

2d Wia

2d Iowa Cav'y

3dMo.Cav'y

47th Ohio

eiatOhio

62dN.Y

7l8tPa

55th Ohio

5l8tPa

1th U.S. Art'y

lat Mich

5th U.S. Art'y

6latPa

2dD.C

Rate.

$18.00
30.00
17.00
17.00
24.00
17.00
17.00
17.00
24.00

30.06
18.00
24.00
18.00
17.00
34.00
17.00

17.00

24.00
18.00
18.00
17.00
20.00

25.00
24.00
24.00
17.00
36.00
25.00
24.00
18.00
22.00
L'4.00
l&OO

24.00

laoo

18.00
24.00

l&0«t
20.00

17.00
17.00
24.00

30.00
17 00
17.00

laoo

17.00
45. 00
18.00
17.00

30.00
24.00
17.00
17.00

18.00

30.00
30.00
20.00

17.00
30.00
17.00
17.00
17.00
22.00

Reason for admiui<ni.

Varioose reina.

Loss left foot-

Shell woand left

Brooohltifl.

Chronic rheamatiam.

Varicose veins loft leg.

GuBsbot woand right ana.

Chronic cystitia.

Lose left eye, asthma, benua,

bronchitis.
Hernia.
Malaria.

Rheamatiam, heart disease.
General debility.
Gnushot wonnd n|cht sadei
Loss two fingers ngbt haad.
Partial bUnuueaa and desf-

iieaa.
Gunshot wound, loss left

eye.
Varicose veins, piles.
Injury to li«nd, piles.
Deafness.
Loss left eye.
Paralysia.

Disease of throat.
Verlcoae veins both legs.
Gunshot wonnd face.
Ganshot wound left leg.
Gunshot wound right leg.
Deafiieaa.
Sun-atroke.
Gunshot woand faoe.
Bronchitia; deafheas; piles.
Spinal curvature.
Gun-shot wound right ahool*

der.
Disease of legs from scnrr j
Diseaae of eyea and liver.
Gun-shot wound head.
Rheumatism; heart disease.

Loss toes both feet.
Icritated bladder; hernia;

rheumatiam.
IiV)ury leftlegand right side.
. Hernia.
Gunshot wound left abool-

der and side.
Right inguinal feemia.

Deafheaa; bomia; rbenma-
tism.

Chronic ^atarrh ; deaftiess.

Gunshot wound head.

Lo4s left arm.

Varicose veins

Ganshot wonnd right shoal-
der.

Rheumatism.

Rpilepsy.

Gnnsuo't wonnd head.

Chronio diarrhea and rhea-
matiam.

Tumor; hernia; rheuaia-
tism.

Ganshot wonnd left leg.

Loss left foot.

Irritation of spine; heart
diseaae.

General debilitv.

Gunshot wounu head.

Shell wound head.

Cataract left eve.

Gunshot wound right cheat

Bronchitia.

61st Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

1st Session, f ) No. 225.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August i^, 1890.— Oideied to bo printed,

Mr. Bate sabmitted the following

CONCURRENT RESOLUTION.

Whereas legislation is pending in Congress, in which delay must
unavoidably occur, as to the site of the Lafayette statue, involving the
question of its being located elsewhere than at the place selected ^ and
whereas the said statue has in the last ibw days arrived in this
country, and will, unless stopped by authority of Congress, be imme-
diately put in position fronting and obstructing the view to the eques-
trian statue of Andrew Jackson, which by authority of Congress was
placed wbere it now is, fronting Pennsylvania avenue and the Execu-
tive Mansion : Therefore be it

Resolved by the Senate {the House of Representatives coneurring)^ That'
the commission or board having charge of the matter of erecting the
statue of Lafayette is directed to suspend any further proceedings re-
lating thereto until further authorized by Congress.

61sT Congress, \ SENATE, i Mis.Doo,

-1st Session, i \ No,226.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 27, 1890. ^Presented by Mr. Manderson, referred to the Committee on Mili-
tary Affairs, and ordered to be printed.

PETITION OF DR. MART E. WALKER, PRATING COMPENSATION

FOR SERVICES DURING THE LATE WAR.

[To accompany S. 4267.]

Washington, D. 0., August 25, 1890.

To the Senate and House of Representatives :

Your petitioner, Dr. Mary E. Walker, respectfally represents that the
following statement shows the nature of her claim against the Govern-
ment upon which she bases her petition for the passage of Senate bill
4267. She respectfully prays that this petition and the statement here-
with may be referred to the Committee on Military Affairs of the
Senate and printed for its use.

Maby E. Walkeh, M. D.

STATEMENT.

In 1861, Dr. Mary E. Walker came to Washington, alone, for the pur-
pose of caring professionally for the sick and wounded, feeling her
Competence in every regard, as she had been in successful practice as a
physician and surgeon for five years atter her graduation as such. Her
first duties were in the Indiana Hospital, which was in the highest story
of the Patent OfELce. The surgeon in charge (Dr. Green) requested her
to act as his assistant surgeon, stating that '^ with a hundred patients,
he would sicken and die as his predecessor had done, unless he had an
assistant to relieve him a part of the time, in order to allow him to take
out-door exercise." He had requested the Surgeon-General to send him
an assistant but his answer was that he ^^had none to send him." Dr.
Green sent her with a note to the Surgeon-General, requesting him to
appoint her as his assistant surgeon. Her credentials were satisfactory,
but he refused to appoint her because she was a woman. She returned
to the hospital telling Surgeon Green the result, and that she had ap-
pointed herself without compensation. He said he ^^ would give her a
part of his salary," which she refused to accept, as he was a man with
a family.

The patients were so much pleased with her, and confided so in her
skill, that she was invariably vsent for whenever they were worse dur-
ing the night. As there were cases of small-pox in the city, all patients
were examined on Ninth street before they were admitted to the hospital.
She walked up and down the long flights of stairs leading to the street

2 DR. MARY E. WALKER.

on the west side of the buildiDg, many times a day in the examination

of these -cases.

Governors of St>ates, Members of Congress, State agents, and many
other people of distinction, visited the hospital and were introduced to
her, and her becoming known all over the country through the reports
of such people, resulted in a large correspondence, and many States
claiming her as a native of their respective States.

Surgeon Williams, at one time Acting Surgeon-General, spoke of
Dr. ^alker as assisting in a post-mortem in the Patent Office hospital
when no other surgeon would render him any assistance for fear of
contagion. Surgeon Green gave her written commendations regarding
her " intelligence and judiciousness."

So many people had met her, and there was such a variety of imper-
ative niatters that were brought to her attention that needed genias
and perseverance, and there were so many exigencies that called for
the enthusiasm of youth and unbounded patriotism and benevolence,
that she naturally got into a wider sphere, as soon as another surgeon
was found willing to take her place. She visited various hospitals,
seeing their needs and reporting, and righting the wrongs that the
medical officers in charge of hospitals could not take the time to report
to the proper authorities and explain necessities, and they, being regu-
larly in the service, were unable to do directly and immediately ; she
assisted in operations where there were not a sufficient number of med-
ical officers; dressed the wounded with other surgeons after battles,
etc.

One day while at the city post-office she was handed a number of
scraps of paper, many of them not as large as a hand, directed to ^ Lady
Dr. Walker, the soldiers true friend," begging her '* to come and see
sohliers iu Forrest Hall prison, Georgetown, D. C, who had been nn-
justly arrested and no one to appeal to." Upon her arrival she found
six hundred men, who immediately surrounded her with the exiClamatioD,
'^ We are not all deserters, but arrested as such." All wanted a state-
ment of their cases taken, and fearing that time would not admit of a
quarter being taken, dozens began to talk at once, but she silenced
them, and assured them that she would take every statement before
she left, and with genius so controlled them and arranged the classes
of cases, that, after six consecutive hours of taking statements, she left
the prison amid the cheers of the then happy men, who were assured
by her that something would be done without delay.

She went to the War Department with the information that the
" deserters were promised to be sent to their regiments if they would
go out to the defense of Washington," to which all that were soldiers
Immediately assented, but when the scare was over they were returned
to the prison. She argued that every one should be sent as promised.
She explained that soldiers with unhealeil wounds, and unexpired leaves
of absence in their pockets, were there ; that old men who had gone to
town with their country wagons had been arrested as deserters, and
their horses left tied in the street, while they were rushed away by a
detective, who informed them that they could prove themselves clear
if they were not deserters; some of the men were too old for military
duty. All this done for the sake of the fees ottered for the arrest of
deserters.

Secretary Stanton directed her to write down briefly the wrongs to
be lighted, and to suggest the remedy, and directed her to do so then
and there. Slie told the Secretary that such detectives ought to be ar-
rested, as the people of the North would not submit to such outrages.

DR. MARY £. WALKER. 3

Aod they were accordingly ^trrested, and false arrests stopped. She
asked for a jadge-advocate with power to give transportation, to send
all where they belonged, and he was accordingly appointed. And to
be sure that all deserters should be treated properly when they reached
their command, the next day she wrote twenty-five letters — one to every
corps commander— asking that the promises made here, that '^ soldiers
should be sent to their regiments, with the charge of desertion re-
moved," should be immediately sent to their respective regiments, with-
out question.

She was at Warrcuton, in Virginia, when General Burnside decided
tt) move towards Fredericksburgh. She found men with typhoid fever
on the floor of a building, without anything for them to rest upon, and
the surgeon who had charge of them powerless to do anything for them.
He said to her, ^^If there is lany thing you can do for these men, for
God's sake do something, for they have just been sent from camp, and
I am ordered away to-morrow." She found that not one had a towel,
or anything to be .used as such, and, as the first inclination was to have
the sand washed from their fades and necks, she returned to the hotel,
where she was paying $3 per day, and immediately tore up her long
night dress as substitutes for handkerchiefs, and returned to find there
was nothing that could be used for a wash-ba^in. She hastened to the
nearest house, and found, after some difficulty, a two quart tin basin,
that she paid a dollar for, promising to leave it the next day where the
owner could go and get it.

The people informed her that there had been a Goufederate hospital
there, and everybody had given everything, even to their vegetable
tkishes for the surgeons to dress the wounded with, and the woman said
that the basin had been lent to them, only with a promise that she should
have it returned when they left there, iis she would have nothing to wash
her vegetables in if it was taken. Dr. Walker suggested that she could
wash them in her soup kettle and then wash her kettle out before she
started her dinner.

On her return to the sick she distributed her clothes for towels, and
watched her nurse, so that a clean basin of water should be used for
every man. When all that could be done for them under the conditions
existing had been completed, she called on General Burnside, and he
dictated an order to his staff officer, Oap^ain Cutting, for ^^her to go
with them to Washington, an<> that all persons should afford her every
facility in caring for the sick from Warrenton to Washington."

The men were put inside and outside of a number of cars, and .they
started with two engines ; but when Warrenton Junption was reached one
of the engines and two cars left, leaving three cars with the other engine.
The standstill became painful, and finally it was said in Dr. Walker's
hearing that the engineer was waiting for orders. She soon found that no
one on the train could give any orders but herself, and gracefully filled
her position as military conductor of a train of cars. She ordered them
to Alexandria, not knowing at the time that they could reach Washing-
ton without taking a boat. She again sought the engineer to learn
about changing for the boat, and when she learned there was no need
of change, ordered the train to Washington. On the way two men died,
but she sncceeded in getting their names. In one instance the soldier
could scarcely speak, but by commencing a name she guessed the rest,
and he pressed her hand when she was right. One was from Audover,
Ashtabula County, Ohio, but the other she could only get t)r^ name and
regiment. On their arrival in Washington she gave the names to a pro-
fessed-to-be Government officer with his promise to report them to the
S. Mis. 4 49

4 DK. MARY E. WALKER.

War Department. She wrote a letter to the parents of the Ohio man,
directing it to the deceased soldier with a " please'' on the outside of the
envelope for *'his friends to open the same." Nearly twenty years after
that her letter was shown her as the only evidence of the jsoldier'sdeathf
it having been just received in the Pension Office fi*om the soldier's very
old father.

After great battles the wives or mothers of some of the soldiers came
to Washington in search of their wounded relatives, and soon were un-
able to pay their hotel bills, aiid became houseless and hungry perhaps
before their friends were found, if living. These women were sent to
Dr. Walker by some i^ersons, and, as there was not a place in the city
where a woman in distress could get free lodging or food, she took them
to her own rooms, camped on the floor herself, until there seemed an
imperative necessity for larger accomnM)dations, and she then estab-
lished a free home for such on Tenth street, opposite the theater where
President Lincoln was afterwards assassinated. One week from the
time a soldier's wife slept under the evergreens in Jackson square, be-
cause, not having a trunk, she could not get lodging; and another
soldier's wife gave birth to an infant on the sidewalk at the east front
of the United States Treasury. Dr. Mary E. Walker's home for any
woman, sick or in financial trouble, was open. She then formed a
woman's association, and after having been president, secretary of so-
ciety, and medical attendant of the home, left the same to be managed
by those who could not do greater wurk. Among those who contributed
was Kate Chase, who gave $50, pledged to Dr. Walker before she left.

Dr. Walker wrote for the Northern press information regarding the
condition of those in hospitals, both their diagnosis and prognosis,
wrote letters for those unable to write home, took disabled soldiers to
their homes, pillowed upon her arm, that surgeons in charge of hos-
pitals would not take the responsibility of sending home without a
medical attendant.

She learned that no soldiers could get a leave of absence without the
signature of his captain and colonel, no matter how much the surgeon
in charge of hospitals desired to send patients north to save their lives,
and she went to the Secretary of War, Surgeon-General, and Medical
Director with her arguments, that, since captains and colonels of regi-
ments were at unknown places at the front, where they could not be
reached, that the surgeons in charge of hospitals should be empowered
to send special cases on leave without regimental officers' signatures,
and tliat boat-loads of sick and wounded should be sent to cool retreats
in the north where their recovery would be hastened and assured. All
she demanded was given, and thousand of lives were thus saved, and
numbers died at home in the halo of a returned soldier's glory. Dr.
Walker's originality and executive genius was of a versatile type that
no conditions ballled. •

Seeing a large crowd of soldiers around a building she learnecl that
it was an improvised transportation office, where transportation ou
" leaves of absence" were being given out, for men to go home to vote.
She heard complaints that not half would get their transportation on
leaves in time to get a train that they must board in order to get home
to vote. She heard the officer call out from the window the time the
l)lacc would be closed until next day, and making her way through the
crow<l, amidst the cheers of the men, she wont in and asked if she
could not hell) them, sa.ying she would stay until midnight if the men
could then get away. The officers kindly told her that they were worn
out, and must close the place at 4 p. m., until next day. They told her

DR. MARY E. WALKER. 5

that the lists of names were snch that all were working that could do so
to advantage. Without a word she sat down and wrote ^' transportation
ordered" on the blanks* and handed to the ones writing both this and
the names, so that they had only the names to write, and for nine con-
secutive hours she did this, without stopping but once to get some re-
freshments, and at 2 a. m. the last men got their papers and left on
the 3 a. m. train.

While visiting hospitals and assisting in the amputation of an arm,
that had only a small flesh wound that Was nearly healed, her sup-
pressed sympathy at the cruel outrage, that if she had lisped the faint-
est protest against, would have precluded her from entering the exten-
sive hospital (with many words) again, not only, but perhaps all hos-
pitals, kept her silent. But she resolved to prevent such outrages in
other cases where there was not the slightest necessity for amputation.
Soldiers would frequently tell her ^<that their ward doctor said that a
limb would have to be amputated, and appeal to her to know if it could
not be saved, as they would rather die than be a cripple." She would
swear them not to mention what she said, and then tell them to declare
they would not loose limbs, and if the doctors were determined to am-
putate, to use all the words outside of the dictionary — promising to
shoot them if they recovered, as their limbs were their own, and they
would not be compelled to lose them against their will.

She did not consider that professional etiquette was called for, in
the face of wicked CI uelty and criminality. Where an officer was in
the case, stoppiug at a private house, she could give her opinion
openly. She recollects Captain Elliott, a florist, residing at Pittsburgh,
Pa., who informed her that "his arm would be amputated the next
day." Upon examination she directed him to take certain care of it,
that he could do himself, which, to the great disappointment of a sur-
geon in charge of a very large hospital, and his assistant surgeons,
who were to be well paid, he gave them Dr. Mary E. Walker's decis-
ion, and saved his hand and arm, which are of great use to him. A
Mr. T. F. Baily, 15 Wood street, Pittsburgh, had an arm saved, which
but for her would have been amputated. She can not remember the
names of any others.

One day a message was sent to her that soldiers had been in a com-
mon jail in Washington, south of Pennsylvania avenue, for about five
months' without trial. She went there and took statements of cases,
and then went to the War Department and insisted on immediate trials.
A court-martial was convened, in which Colonel Alexander was presi-
dent, and there, for the first time that a woman had acted as attorney,
she did so, in one of these cases, and lost the case, but appealing to
Judge- Advocate-General Holt, stating that the testimony of a witness
proving an alibi, had been left out of the court martial report, he re-
versed the decision, gave soldier his back pay, and by her request, a
30 days' leave of absence to his Michigan home. Before leaving, the
soldier called upon Dr. Walker, ofiFering her money for her services,
which she refused, with the direction to take all to his wife and
children.

The great good she could do wa« her object, and not money-making,
as she had gained a reputation in her profession, so that she did la: ge
business belore the war, and she expected to return to practice in pri-
vate life, " in three months " more, all through the war ; and when she
used up her means, the money her father sent her and a gold watch ho
had given her when she was eighteen years of age, she borrowed money
from time to time from different persons, exx)ecting soon to be able to

6 DR. MARY £. WALKER.

refand the same, as she could have made $10,000 or $12,000 a year if
she had remained in general practice instead of going into the Artnj.
She was about twenty-seven years of age and looked much younger,
and did not contemplate such a using up of her ability of endurauce,
that she would ever after be a frequent patient of her own.

While conversing with convalescent soldiers about, returning home,
as soon as they were able to do so, instead of being sent back to their
regiments from the Washipgton hospitals and convalescent camp in
Virginia, not far from Arlington, a sadness came over those who were
not wholly disabled for some duties, although sufficiently so, that they
were unJfit for military duty in the field.

There was no regulation to keep any soldiers who were partially dis-
able<l for duty. Some of such said to her that they " came away* with
the boys, and hated to go home to stay until the war was over, and
then all go home together." They said that they might '^ wait on the
boys in hospital, and might do guard duty, where they did not have to
stand up all the time."

She went to Adjutant-General Townseud and explained the situation
of a large number of men, suggested that hundreds of able-bodied men
might be relieved by partially disabled men who could do guard doty
in all the public buildings and the fortifications around Washington,
just as well as men able to go to the field, as all that was needed was a
show of a soldier holding a musket and that such men might assist in
the hospitals, and while sLe did not deem it right to com{)el disabled
soldiers to remain in service if they did not desire to do so, she thought
they ought to be allowed to remain if they could be useful and so de-
sired.

General Townsend asked her ''if she suggested a different uniform
to distinguish them," to which she replied that she had not thought of
that, but that it would be a good idea.

Such an invalid corps was formed soon thereafter, and Dr. Walker
received the personal thanks of some of the men composing the same,
who knew of her taking a part in its inception, but she did not get any
of the silver that was presented to General Townsend, which consisted
of several pieces.

While distributing some hospital supplies that had been sent to her
care, she found that soldiers had been sent to St. Elizabeth's Insane
Hospital, whose minds were injured with constant thought ef them-
selves during a long period of convalescing; and knowing that injuries
to eyes, or to arms, or chest, where they were unable to hold reading
matter, prevented them from diverting their thoughts in channels away
from themselves, she replied to Eev. Mr. Stone, from Rhode Island (she
thinks) that checker-boards in hospitals for reasons explained, were
needed more than anything that could be sent. He listened to her
logic, and had the same sent, and good results followe^.

When the wounded from the battle of Fredericksburgh were being
loaded on the boat at Aquia Creek, to transport to Washington, the
weather was oppressively hot, the banks high from the boat, and the
plank leading thereto was necessarily much inclined. Dr. Mary E.
Walker saw that the carriers of the stretchers, in their great haste to
get a boat-load out of the way, were rushing down with the heads of
the men down the incline. She stood with her surgeon's sash on, and
ordered every one to take them feet first, thus preventing congestion
of the brain, which must have been produced, but for constant direc-
tions from her.

While in Suffolk, Ya., she found that several soldiers were obliged

DR. MARY E. WALKER. 7

to use the same spoon, and that their food and drink became nnpalata-
ble by being cold before they had a spoon to nse. She'immediately pur-
chased spoons for them. In the hospital she fouud sanitary conditions
that she had corrected.

Leaniing that the troops had not been paid for five months, a:id that
they were planning to go to their families, who had written pitifal letters
to them of their needs of money, she addressed them upon the failure of
success in attempted desertion, and assured them that a paymaster
would be sent them in a reasonable length of time after she returned to
Washington, which was done, after she had made a statement to the
Secretary of War of the facts in the case.

While on the march to overtake General Lee on his Pennsylvania re-
turn trip, the heat was so oppressive that some of the soldiers died from
sun-stroke. She saved the lives of others by stopping an ambulance and
directing the men to get into the same, amidst the protestations of the
driver that it was <^ against his orders to allow any one to ride." She
dismounted and let some soldiers ride for a little distance who were
nearly exhausted, or carried a musket for them while she was riding.

She was in company with Quartermaster Painter and his wife on this
march. While at Piedmont, Va., the church was used as a temporary
hospital, but there was no medical officer there. She and Hetty K.
Painter, M. D., went there to see whaj; was the condition of the men,
and found them in che first stages of fever with nothing but hard-tack
to cat. Dr. Walker started in search of something needful in their
condition, but found food so scarce that nothing could be purchased for
money, but she succeeded in getting a peck of corn-meal, in exchange
for a pair of her boots that were nearly new. This meal was made into
a nourishing gruel by a servant in one of the houses, and Dr. Walker
and the quartermaster's wife rode on horse-back a mile to the church
and carried bucskets of gruel to the sick, and through their administra-
tion every soldier recovered. The well soldiers had run down a swine,
hastily dressed it, and secreted it in the church; but, before any of the
pork had been cooked, Dr. Walker discovered it, and made a speech,
explaining the injury which would result from eating an animal that
ha<t been run down and dressed in such an oppressively hot day, and
directed the soldiers to bury the same, which was done.

The church had been built through the untiring energies of two
maiden women, the Misses Shaklett, who had been the victims of a con-
fiscated side-saddle for Dr. Walker, and who had used their only weapon
in defense, and which was such earnest English that the soldiers had
determined to burn up all their buildings. This was the third side-
saddle that difierent squads of men had confiscated on their march, and
while Dr. Walker appreciated their effort to do her a service, in every
case she asked them to return confiscations to their owners. This la^st
was a complicated one, and they were determined to destroy the saddle
if she would not accept it, and when arguments of justice utterly failed,
she touched their avarice, and induced them to sell the saddle to the
owners for $5. No amount of argument could induce them to withdraw
their threats to burn up the buildings of the women who had used, what
they considered, unpardonable English, and she then told them that
the buildings were so near each other, that, if one was fired they would
all go, and that she should stay every night in that house, and be burnt
up with those women, as they had no more made the war than she had
made it herself, and were no more indignant at wrongs. She staid with
them, as also did the Painters, and their buildings were all saved, and
other things returned that were of no nse to soldiers.

8 DR. MARY E. WALKER.

Owe bright moonliglit night whUe camping in Virginia a long distance
from inhabitants, she learned that a huge snake had coiled upon tbe
blanket at the feet of Captain Beech, of Pennsylvania. It was so heavy
that the captain supposed it was a dog, and paid no atteDtion to it, mitil
it began to move away at sunrise. It was several days before it was
killed, and the agonizing fears of Dr. Walker at night, although tent-
ing with L. M. Painter and his wife (where she was obliged to stay,
being so far from habitations that there was nothing she could do but
to stay), can not be portrayed in words. The U nited States Treasury bas
never contained enough money to compensate her for three nights of sacli
an experience, llenry Lewis of (she thinks) the Eighty-fourth New York
Volunteer Infantry, was bitten by a snake on the mouth, while in the
army, and died too horrible a death for contemplation.

During the war there was but one railrojid depot in Washington, and
no seats for men in the same at the time,- and feeble soldiers taken to
the station en route for home were allowed to sit in the ladies' room.
When a train was announced they were unable to reach the same before
it started, owing to the jostling of the crowd, and were oblige<l to wait
for another train. One evening she felt so strongly impressed to go to
the depot for something, she knew not what, that she finally went, and
found such a case, and putting the soldier's canteen and haversack on
herself, and partially supporting the soldier with her arm, she made way
through the crowd and got bim on the train, after he had missed three
trains. She called the railroad officials attention to the necessity of
someone attending to such casesatevery train, and it was a suggestion
that was heeded afterward.

The last year of the war she was in the Southwest.

In Nashville, Tenn., she saw a man in a hospital who had a swellin<r
on the outside of the eyelid, but his observation of surgeons had caused
him to lose all confidence in them, before he was sent to the hospital,
and he would not submit to the opening of th6 same for fear he would
lose his eye. The surgeon in charge took her to see him, and she ex-
plained to him that it would open and discharge on the underside of
the lid, endangering his sight if not opened on the outside. She took
the i)roffered lance from the surgeon, and the soldier willingly submi^
ted to her using it, and he was instantly relieved of pus, and his eye
saved.

All through the war, even men who had never heard of a woman
surgeon had confidence in her skill, and said to her that they would
'* rather see her than any other lady, because she knew so much.''

While in Chattanooga sbe had charge of a measles ward of over sixty
men, all of whom recovered. She was also appointed inspector of sev-
eral other wards that Surgeon Salter had assigned to her, to relieve
himself of the duty. This gave her an opportunity to openly direct tbe
assistant surgeons in sucb wards in all cases. She found a man whovse
hand had been wounded, and so badly swollen that amputation bad
been decided upon. She ordered a delay of two weeks, and gave sucb
directions to the nurse tbat in two weeks time the hand was nearly
well. Reference is had to T. D. Bramsby, Company K, Eleventh Ohio
Infantry, now at 4232 Wallace street, West Philadelphia, Pa.

Tbere were some surgeons in tbe Army who had not erraduated be-
fore the war, not only, but some who had never had other means of
gaining knowledge save that of a drug-store clerk; and while she re-
members tbe lives and limbs tbat were saved by her, that, if she had
not been in the Army, would have cost the Government every year
many times what she had modestly asked for herself as re-imbursement

DR. MARY E. WALKER. ^ 9

and service money, she bas all these years had faith that noble moii
would not delay justice uutil her voice was forever still, aud she could
not express her thanks at last. A little time yet rcQiaius.

At headquarters at Lee and Gordon's Mills, Georgia, a poor woman
rode up with two children on her horse, and a bag, hoping to beg some
meal. She had come a long way, and it was near night. Dr. Walker
was sleeping in the room with the miller's famil3', and she gave up her
bed to them, and would have camped on the floor, but there was another
l)lace given her. Dr, Walker persuaded Colonel McCook to give the
woman the meal with the promise that she would not come again, nor
tell where she got it.

Dr. W^alker found the inhabitants deplorably poor, and the women
stated that the men of their families had hid in the woods to keep iroin
being conscripted, and the women watched their chances to carry thei!i
food, as they did not dare to come home at night even, until the weather
was so inclement that they could hide no longer. She was called to a
youth of sixteen who had come down with a fever, from exposure in
hiding, and the conscriptors were waiting for him to recover.

One day after she had been outside of the lines responding to the
sick calls of the inhabitants, she related an incident that made Col.
Dan. McGook and all the staff officers suddenly rise to their feet. Slie
had no idea what that meant untU she read Dr. Hale's book, over twenty
years after the close of tljie war, and immediately recognized the picture
of Champ Furgnson, the guerrilla, acknowledged to have been the most
heartless, cruel man known, having shot down his neighbors in cold
blood who were in neither army; taking advantage of wars unset thnl
conditions, and killing because of old spites, and also to rob of property
in the houses as well as out of doors. She was riding a long distance
from any dwelling-house, and when near a barn that was inclosed with
a high board fence with an opeuing, two men camo out but a couple
of rods from her, and Champ Ferguson advanced and cried **halt;" shov
stopped, then he ordered her to "ride in the iuclosurc." In the coolest
manner she asked what he wanted her to ride in there for, saying she
was in a hurry to go and extract a tooth for a woman, and that she had
the forceps in her pocket. His companion stepped back behind the
fence, called to him, and said something in a low tone; he then asked
her if she had any firearms. She answered, "No." He asked her if
she was not afraid to go around alone. She said "No," what was there
to be afraid of when the doctors in the Confederate army were all away
aud the inhabitants wanted her to attend them ? He then said, "Go
on."

Her demeanor was a coolness of desperation, and was probably the
only course that could have saved her from a brutal death. She carried
a small surgeon lancet with her, resolving to use it on a jugular vein
of her own if unable to defend herself with it, or her side degree in
Masonry. That lancet was kept by her all through the war, until she
wa« an exchanged prisoner in August, 18C4. She then gave it to Dr.
Lightfoot, of Tennessee, for whom she was especially exchanged,
although fifteen Confederate surgeons were exchanged for twenty five
Federal surgeons at that time, including Dr. Lightfoot aud herself.

About the time of the close of the war, while in Clarksville, Tennes-
see, she had charge of refugee families and an orphan asylum of about
sixty children, and all of them were soon in a good state of health
after she had the professional charge of them. One of the young girls
belonging to a refugee's family died soon after her arrival, and in the
absence of the chaplain, whoVas an Episcopalian, she asked his wile

10 DR. MARY E WALKER.

to read a brief bunal service, bat sbe woald uot do so as it was out of
woman's '< sphere,-' aud so Dr. Walker officiated and addressed the
friends.

While a prisoner of war in Castle Thander, Richmond, Va., a Con-
federate soldier, who had been condemned to die fpr desertion, was
placed in a cell near her own, and his wife allowed to come and see him.
When Dr. Walker learned the facts in the case she wrote a letter to
President Davis asking to be '^sent back to his regiment through a par-
don, stating that his death would make one less to sastain the Confed-
eracy." She directed the deserter to copy it, as well as possible, and to
be sure to capitalize and punctuate as she had done, and then the Presi-
dent would think him worth saving. The soldier stated that everybody
knew he was against the war, and he had but little hopes. But trae
to Dr. Walker's prediction, a pardon came two days thereafter.

A man and his wife were s^nt to the same rooms a short time after,
charged with '< allowing a squad of Yankee soldiers to land on their
plantation." The woman groaned and cried, because among the children
left at home was a sixteen-year-old daughter that she feared would he
carried off. All the doctor's wits were exercised to console her, and sbe
wrote a letter for the man to copy, '^ stating the injustice of such arrest,
the helpless little family left at the mercy of both armies, and the
impossibility of one lone man to prevent a squad of Yanks from land-
ing." They were not in favor of the war, and had taken no part in it
The woman reminded the doctor << that it was not so hard for her to be a
prisoner as for herself, because she could not read.'' Dr. Walker re-
ceived a great deal of consolation in being able to do somebody some
service, and especially in seeing these people released the next day
after the letter was sent.

Through a woman servant she learned that Timothy McEJeen, a Mas-
sachusetts soldier, was in another part of the prison, condemned to be
shot as a spy. She sent for some peanuts and put her last two-dollar
note, which was Confederate, in one of them, and directed the servant
to throw a half dozen in to the man. He sent her a scrap of pai)er
saying it had been received. He was not a deserter or a spy, but to
save his life he professed to be a deserter, and was finally sent to Sauls-
bury, S. C, where he was imprisoned until the close of the war.

One day while in prison the sound of whipping of horses was near
to her, mingled with the remote sounds of musketry and the booming
of cannon. Looking out of her window, she saw sixteen pairs of
horses hitched to an engine that wiis being drawn across the city where
there was no railroad track. They had come to a place where no whip-
ping of horses could move it at all. She sent for one of the prison
officers and told him to go out and tell the men in charge that they
would kill their horses and not move the engine, but if they would
hitch part of the horses on the other side, so that they could push by
backing, they would be able to start it. He hesitated, but took the
message, and but a few of such pushes started the engine, and it was
soon out of her sight.

In the warm nights bed vermin came out to feast on her, and they
were of all sizes, and she was employed in exterminating them until the
small hours in the morning. Gas was kept burning all night in her
cell, according to prison regulations; it injured her eyes, although she
would not have felt safe without it. Three times in four months of
prison life, whitewashing was done to exterminate the bed vermin that
were in tlie ceiled walls. The large vermin came with such white-
washed backs that she could not see them, and her constant annoy-

DR. MARY E. WALKER. ^ 11

ance nights, nntil literally worn out for the want of sleep, she declared
would have caused her death if she had remained many weelis longer.

Her cell was in the second story, over the passage where the guards'
arms were stacked. One day as she was standing leaning against the
casing of a door she heard a whisper, <<Go in and lie down.'^ In an in-
stant her face had an expression far from beautiful, as she turned to
see who possibly could be near her, as the other cell doors were closed,
and the guard was on the opposite side of a very wide corridor and not
even looking towards her. Nothing but a spirit could have whispered,
and She did not believe one had whispered, or could do so, and she
determined to stay and find out the mystery, but she soon became so
faint that she was obliged to go and recline on her cot. She had only
touched the cot when there was a loud report of a musket, and the ball
passed up precisely where she had stood, and her faintness had disap-
peared. As the ball went up through two floors, and through the roof,
there was great consternation until the explanation that some wrest-
ling guards had bit one of the stacked rifles.

One day a man connected with the prison came to her cell, saying
that his nearest friend had been drafted into the Confederate army, and
he did not know what to do, for if his friend got killed in the army it
would kill him. Her first thought was the absurdity of coming to her,
for what could she do f Then she studied to see if there was not some
way to save the handsome young gentleman, and while the man brushed
a tear from his face, a thought did come to her that never came before.
She directed him to bring her an apple, and some red pepper, and she
would make him have heart disease so badly that no surgeon would
pass him. She prepared the dose and when he had swallowed it, di-
rected him to run several blocks, but to walk d*eliberately when near
the examining surgeon's office. The examination was brief, and he re-
turned with a paper stating that *' the bearer had the worst disease of
his heart that he had ever met, and that he was discharged from all
military duty during the war."

Dr. Walker was a prisoner of war for four months, and in a part of
the time taught a white girl prisoner grammar and geography by repe-
titions, and writing and arithmetic with a pencil on the walls, but the
crowning importance of her work was the discovery of the cause and
prevention of rabies ; and this discovery so hapified her, as she con-
templated the benefit to humanity of the same, that she was rejoiced at
her sufifering caused by insufficient food that led to such an evolution
of thought. The want of food or drink causes the throat to contract
when such articles are Hcen, and the choking sensation causes the saliva
in large quantities to ooze from the mouth full of air bubbles in attempts
to breathe. Babies ia caused by an insufficient amount of water to bathe
in and to drink for a length of time, and it is required so imperatively
that when it can not be had the want is felt so greatly that the throat
contracts as though swallowing before the water can be placed in the
mouth, and there is an unyielding contraction that induces the dog to
bite because it does not know what else to do.

Had she not been a philosopher, and had also a vein of mirth in her
composition, to turn to account in her troubles, she could not have en-
dured these hardships. Among her efforts to turn the tide of her
thoughts of them was a seemingly sin.cere order to her servant (Aunt
Sally), an old colored woman, to bring her a turkey dinner, naming
many covers, and calling her back several times to add dishes to the
first order until she laughed aloud at the ridiculousness of the same.

A guard about sixteen years of age, who was stationed in the corri-

12 DB. MARY E. WALKER.

dor, heard the doctor give^tlie order, and be told her tliat " the soldiers,
guarding the prison had no larger, and no different rations than her-
self, and that every body was living on half rations.'' The next day he
sent her a piece of fine soap, with the message that ''the black soft soap
of the prison was not fit for her pretty face.''

While she was on a flag of truce boat, on the James River, the boat
was shelled by the Confederates, and several burst over the boat. She
was also under fire at Fredericksburgh, and one time previously.

In the winter of 1SG4 and 18C5, while on duty in Louisville, Ky.,
orders were given her by Colonel Farley, the commandant of the post,
and by Assistant Surgeon General E. C. Wood, as she was couiuiandanC
of the prison and twenty-five guards, and also surgeon in charge.

She detailed two Federal women, who were soldiers, and both of
them escaped while on orderly duty. She subsequently paid over a
hundred dollars to a New York boy in traveling expenses, clothing,
etc., to act as her orderly, and paid the traveling expenses of a woman
from the same place to Louisville to act as steward, matron, etc

Surgeon Phelps, medical director of the post, testifies to '' her eflScieucy
in her trying and complicated duties."

One day, in a Nashville scare, the guards were all removed without
giving her notice. She coolly told the prisoners that the guards were
out of sight for a ])urpose and that she should be absent an hour
and give all a chance to leave if they thought best to try to do so.
There was a misunderstanding in taking all the guard, and as soon as
she rei>orted fhe same convalescent soldiers were sent her as show
guard, and her military strategy prevented the escape of even one pris-
oner, as Dr. Walker was so cool they 8ui>po8e(l she knew of the same
and that it was a plan to see who would attempt to escape if au oppor-
tunity was afforded.

AFFIB^tfED STATEMENT OF^DR. MARY E. WALKER.

In responding to a request " for a brief history of my having been the
only woman officer in theMedical Departmentof theUnitedStates Army
during the late war," I have the honor to state that I canie to Wash-
ington alone in 180L imbued with the idea that, in the emergencies and
agonies resulting from a great and terrible war, services rendered to the
suffering would be gladly received from any capable hand by those
needing assistance. This I found to be true all through the war.

I had been in successful practice for five years before the commence-
ment of the war, and brought papers with me regarding my graduation
in the profession and subsequent success. I very soon found a vacancy
and presented my credentials to Surgeon Green in charge of the Patent
Office Hospital. He stated that "his predecessor had died in conse-
quence of overwork without an assistant surgeon," and made me the
bearer of a request to Assistant Surgeon-General R. C. Wood to have
me appointed as his (Dr. Green's) assistant surgeon, reminding him
that " requests for an assistant surgeon had not been granted hereto-
fore because there were no assistant surgeons who were nnassigned."

General Wood received me with professional courtesy, expressed him-
self satisfied with my credentials, and sent me into the Sui geon-Genei-al's
room, saying that " as the Surgeon-General was on duty he could not
do what he would do if the Surgeon-Goneral was off duty that day.'*

Surgeon Finley received my youthful face politely, but as soon as he
learned my business his attitude changed and a veto was immediate;

DR. MARY E. WALKER. 13

but I "held the field" long enough to assert the equality of " proprie-
ties" in women surgeons and women nursed in men's hospitals.

There seemed no other way than to "steal the march" on conversa-
tion, and I did so by returning to Surgeon Green with* a statement
according to the above and that I would act without other official rec-
ognition than his own. This I did, refusing a part of his proposed salary
on the ground that I would not take advantage of his imperative neces-
sity in his overworked position, with over one hundred patients, and
without one spare hour to breath the fresh air and having a family for
whom he ought to be able to live.

My position in his hospital was the same as thougli I had had a regu-
lar appointment.

In the various changes of war times, in hospitals, at the front, and in
transits, the instances were rare when I was not treated with profes-
sional courtesy by members of my own profession, and well treated by
all persons who were in or connected with the conflicting armies.

After Surgeon-General Hammond succeeded Surgeon-General Finlay,
General M^a^le, while in command of the Army, sent me to Surgeon-
General Hammond for an appointment. This was when all parties were
at the front in Maryland, in the trying times of .the summer of 18G3.
Surgeon-General Hammond said that "a woman in any capa^^ity had
no business where sick or wounded men were, and that no woman had
any business to study the profession, and if he had his way there should
not be a woman in any hospital, even as nurse." As a battle was ex-
pected, I desired a recognized position more on account of the protec-
tion it aiibrded than the compensation or emoluments (knowing that
all men were not wearers of the square and compass).

When I reported to General Meade the reception I had met, his grand
expressive face talked before he opened his lips to say : " He is un-
gentlemanly." He then in an appreciative tone never to be forgotten
told me to " stay in the Army and do all the good I could, and if he
was wounded he would send for me."

After Surgeon-General Barnes succeeded Surgeon-General Hammond
I wrote a letter to President Lincoln asking to be appointe<l a surgeon,
stating that services that were well known to be valuable had been
performed by myself, and the best of the medical profession in the
Army had testified to the same, and that I failed to see why services
that were valuable without emoluments would not be just as valuable
with them. The letter was soon returned with an indorsement by
President Lincoln, " I am willing."

Learning in the spring of 1804 that Assistant Surgeon-General Wood
was surgeon-general of the Western Department I asked to be sent to
him. I told Surgeon-General Barnes that General Wood would give
me a recognized position in the Medical Department if I were ordered
to report to him, as he knew of my professional abilities. He gave me
the order to report to him at Louisville, Ky., which I did, and Assistant
Surgeon General Wood would have then given me a position as acting
assistant surgeon to have served in that city; but when I desired to
go where there was expected to be battles very soon, and surgical
assistance needed that was all imperative, he gave me an order to
report to the medical director at Chattanooga, Tenn., with the instruc-
tions that I should be assigned to duty in that place, which was but a
few miles from the front. When I presented the order to Medical
Director Cooper he immediately said he " would not have a woman
surgeon in his department." I answered him that if he did not respect
the order of the surgeon-general of the department I would call ou

14 DR MARY E. WALKER.

General Thomas and report his decision. He then directed me to '< re-
port the next day for examination," saying he ^^ would call a board." I
called on General Thomas, and when he had listened Jbo my report of
the interview ;(rith Dr. Cooper and my assertion that there would be
such unfair dealing in an examination that I hardly knew whether it
was l>e8t to appear or not, he told me to ^^ see what Cooper would do,
and then report to him.''

The board consisted of three doctors, all young men, two of whom
were younger both in years and practice than myself. The first part
and nearly all of the examination was on obstetrics, and the greater
part of what little there was outside of the subject that bad do signif-
icance whatsoever in men's hospitals was trivial and matters of opiD-
ion that could be decided according to whether the applicant was de-
sired to win or fail. One of these questions was as follows: '^Should a
hospital be ventilated at the top or the bottom T" The farce ended and
I was reported as ^^ knowing nothing any more than any ordinary
woman, except on obstetrics." General Thomas ¥fas convinced by the
" report," which was all the evidence required of Dr. Coopei^s "inten-
tion." Dr: Cooper informed me that '•! could have a position as
nurse," which, of course, 1 refused. I went to Dr. Salter, chief of
the largest hospital, and asked for a i>osition as assistant surgeon in
his hospital and he gave me a ward of about sixty measles cases and
directed me to make his morning calls of inspection in several other
wards where there were surgical cases, informing me that, while be
could give me the position of assistant surgeon, Dr. Cooper's decis-
ion would prevent me from having the pay.

After serving here until the men in my ward had convalesced, Gen-
eral Thomas sent for me and informed me that '<Gol. Daniel McCook
had his headquarters in a house with a family at the front, whern sur-
gical work would l>e expected soon^ and that he would direct Dr. Cooper
to give me an order to report to him." When I received the order Dr.
Salter stated that he would go to General Thomas and ask iiim to let
me remain, as he desired my assistance, but I replied that I preferred
to go to the front. I went in an ambulance and was published as one of
Colonel McCook's staff officers. I slept in the room with the miller's
family at Gordon's Mills, and Col. Daniel McCook treated we with every
consideration, never for once being in my company alone. At one time
when there was a general review several miles from the post and Col-
onel McCook's staff and all but the picket guard went to review, I, with
an onlerly, performed the duty of post inspector for him, wearing the
red sash, and "the guard turned out" as they did for any "officer of
the day."

During the several weeks that I served as a staff officer many of the
inhabitants came to the lines and begged for medical attendance, and
I responded to these calls and attended medical, surgical, dental, and
obstetrical cases, and never, save in one instance, did I accept of com-
pensation from the suffering people that General McCook asked me to
attend, which was the polite way of giving an order.

On the 10th day of April, 1864, 1 was taken prisoner while acting in
the capacity of acting assistant surgeon, but 1 was not paid as a sur-
geon at any time during the war, except from April 10, 18G4, to June
16, 1865, when I left the service by resignation, and on my acting as-
sistant surgeon contract is indorsed "Annulled at her own request by
order of the Surgeon General."

It is proper here to state that Surgeon-General Wood, of the Western
Department of his own accord made me an acting assistant surgeon

DR. MARY E. WALKER. 15

a few months subsequent to the Cooper examination and assigned me
to duty with women prisoners and with refugee families in Louisville^
Ky.y whei*e I remained until March 22, 1865, when he gave me an ordex
to report to Medical Director Cooper at Nasliville,Tenn., for assignment
to duty in his department. In justice to this officer I will say that he
gave me a choice of places, and I, in pity for him, asked him to please
send me as lar from himself us possible. I performed my duties until
there was no longer need of the same— this without fault-iiudiug or
even suggestioyiis; and my order to report to the Surgeon-General at
the breaking up at the close of war conditions was the same as those of
others in my position given by himself to other officers.

My contract as acting assistant surgeon in the regular Army with
rank of first lieutenant is the same as that of over seven hundred men
officers.

Maey E. Waxker, M. D.

Washington City, District of Columbia :

Subscribed and affirmed to before me this 29th day of February,
A. D. 1888.

K. B. Nixon,
Notary Public*

The doctor has stated that she ha« found no more opposition to her-
self, as a medical officer, and in other fields of usefulness, than could
be eicpected in a woman, who is always considered out of her sphere
if performing duties heretofore the exclusive field of men.

Dr. Edward E. Phelps, professor of medicine in Dartmouth College,
and during the war surgeon of United States Volunteers and post med-
ical director at Louisville, Ky., has vouched for her merits in these

words :

It 18 witb the greatest pleasure that I bear testimony to the superior talents and
acquirements of I)r. Mary E. Walker, who was for some time on duty in the depart-
ment for which I was medical director. While performing her complicated duties at
the Female Military Prison at Louisville she evinced the same active, energetic,
and persevering spirit which had characterized her in her whole military career,
and which has enabled her to render ejen more services to her country than many
of our efficient officers bearing full commissions. The records also show that her
services were appreciated by Miu. Gen. George H. Thomas. Through his B<'lection
and appointment, she also servea in the field, and whilst so serving was captured
and held as a prisoner of war for four months.

There was no other surgeon willing to respond to the urgent calls
outside of the lines, for fear of a trick to capture tliem. She knew no
fear in her professional duties, and went unarmed and saved lives of
patients, and so won the regard of the inhabitants that their soldier
relatives shot without cartridges, or too high to hit the ^' Yanks," in
gratitude for a Yankee woman doctor's services to their families, and
began to think that the Government that allowed her to respond to
sick calls must be a good one.

After the war was closed a bronze medal of honor, usually accorded
by Congress for meritorious service, was given to her, accompanied by
a testimonial signed by President Johnson and Secretary Stanton.
She is the only woman who was thus honored.

The war did not end the important work for the good of humanity,
that Dr. Walker has been so long engaged in, whenever and wherever
she saw duties before her. She learned that all sewing women who
earned more than $600 a year had two internal-revenue taxes to pay.
One was a manufacturer's tax on every article where a needle was

16 DE. MARY E. WALKER.

used, and the other on sewing women's receipt With depreciated cur-
rency and high prices for all kinds of food and clothing, these taxe^
were very oppressive. Women approached her with an appeal to her
"as having been the most prominent woman in the army." She told
them there was but one way to have laws changed and that was to have
the power that made laws repeal them. She wrote a petition for the
repeal of the oppressive laws, and Miss Lucy Monk, of Albany-, N. Y.,
secured the signatures of the aggrieved women, headed by Mrs, Mary
Williams, a corset-maker of Albany. Dr. Walker was at her own ex-
pense to carry the petition to Washington, believing Ihat she would
succeed, although no other woman had been before a committee of
Congress in the interests of women.

When the chairman of the committee asked her if she "would be sat-
isfied to have a law ^hat no woman should be obliged to pay either of
the revenue taxes mentioned, unless she earned over $1,000 a year,''
she replied "No;" but when he explained to her that men doing Jarge
business would put such business in the hands of their wives, to de-
fraud the revenue, she stated that the change that he proposed would
relievo the* most oppressed. The bill parsed Congress without a dis-
senting voice, reading so that poor soldiers also were relieved, as all
l)oor men were.

Dr. Walker, since the close of the war, has been assisting soldiers,
widows, and orphans to secure their pensions, and in various ways, and
in only one instance has she taken any money for such services. She
has had a large correspondence with people who seldom sent a return
po8ta,ge-stamp. She became so familiarized with methods of public
business that she saw the necessity for a record division in the Pen-
sion Ofiice, and had a long talk with Major Clark when he was Assist-
ant Commissioner of Pensions, suggesting th6 then present need of
State boxes and alphabetical registers, predicting that the time was
not distant when the office would l>e in a perplexed mndcllc, if such
arrangements were not made. Major Clark started the recortl division
very soon thereafter. This was while in the twelfth and Pennsylvania
avenue building.

She saw the injustice of not paying widows from the time of husbands^
death, and soldiers from the time of^commencement of disability, in-
stead of "from time of application," and made a speech in the House
Pension Committee room, and talked the same to a large number of
Representatives of the House of Congress, until they saw it also and
passed an arrearage pension bill.

Sbe had sent a registered letter containing a $500 note to a Ver-
mont village, and although the letter sent several days thereafter had
been answered nothing was said about the registered letter. The party
to whom it wa4s sent was known to be preparing to go to the Pa<:itic
coast and the postmaster did not hand him this letter i\nd declared all
letters received had been given out. When an investigation was made
by an inspector the postmaster said " the man did not say anything
about a registered letter." When Dr. Walker learned of this intention
to keep the registered letter until the party owning it had lejt town,
she went to Judge Edmonds, postmaster, in Washington, and told him
that a printed receipt on a postal card ought to be made by the Gov-
ernment and have every postmaster sign the same, that snch letter had
been so received, and then forward such receipt to the anxious sender
of money.

She also went to the Assistant Postmaster-General asking the same.
He promised to call the postmastei-'s attention to the suggeistiuu, anil
in a short time the plan was adopted.

DB. MARY E. WALKER. . 17

• Dr. Walker did not believe iu ventilating wrongs in places where
they could not be righted, but when she saw anything promotive of
great good she felt it her duty to lose no time in lighting up uuthoughtof
regions that she chanced to explore.

When it had been decided to clean out the old canal iu Washington,
she went to the board of health rooms and predicted a plague that
would depopulate the city. Bhe argued that the canal should be filled
up, stating that the sale of the filled up laud, and the iron bridge, would
help to pay the expenses, and when once done the nuisance would be
ended. The result was that the canal was filled up.

When there were a number of cases of small-pox on Capitol Hill, she
wrote up an article, which was published in a Washington daily, urging
people to cut up onions and put in yards and alleys as a preventive,
which advice was extensively followed, and not one new case appeared
thereafter. Congress was in session at the time, and files of either the
Star or the Eepublican will show the article. She also wrote the same
to Canada, and to Spain, under similar conditions with the same results.

All matters urged by her, whether in departments or sanitary fields,
were of importance, and in one session of Congress she addressed thir-
teen different committees, besides writing bills and memorials, all with-
out compensation.

Among the many important matters brought before Congressional
committees was the injury of adulterated butter, and she originated
the ingenious method to prove the enormous quantity that is unwit-
ingly consumed, while the real butter is sent abroad, vi^: that there
should be a revenue tax on the spurious, and that there should be a
penalty for selling the same, under the pretense of its being genuine,
and then when the masses of the people were aroused to the quantity
manufactured, and the injury to health of the same, all laws to prevent
manufacture and sale could be enforced, which were sure to be enacted
in the near future.

She has assisted worthy nurses that were in the Army to secure pen-
sions, and but for her assistance to others in their bills, when she has
been importuned, there is no doubt that she would have ere this suc-
ceeded in securing the justice for herself that the appropriation now
pending calls for. She was the first person who wrote up and urged a
bill for pensioning the nurses.

This public-spirited woman has thought on all the imi)ortant subjects
of the age, and not slighted even the Supreme Bench as the following
evidences :

CROWNING CONSTITUTIONAL ARGUMENT.
By Mart E. Walkbii, M. D.

Whereas the frainerBof the Constitution of the United Htatesof Ainorica, in cousidera-
tion of the interests of every part of the country, to the end that harmony might be
restored Uud made permanent in all the colonies, and that the sea-board States received
special consideration, because of their exposure to foreign invasion not only, but their
position to permit, or invite, powers hostile to the people's government ; and

Whereas the womonof New Jersey had already exorcised the rights, duties, and privi-
leges of franchise, special pains were taken to so word the Constitution that the in-
terests of women should not be ignored, as the grand men of that a^c were not alone
to be considered, since women had a competency that gave them time for thought on
National questions, and intelligence that had spoken through the ballot in their own
hands, exemplifying a full republican form of government ; and

Whereas New Jersey writhed more under injustice than any other part of tlio new
world, and no concert of action could have beeb had with that State, if an attempt
had been made to force them into an acceptance of a limited republic (after the
women had been voting in their Colonial Government), as would have been the case
if the Constitution had coiAmenced ** We, the men," instead of *^VVe, the people;" and

S. Mis. 226 %

18 DB. MARY E. WALKER.

Whereas the women in New Jersey continued to vote unquestioned up to 1844, long
after all the frainers and adopters of the Constitution had passed away, showing an
acquiescence in the spirit as well as the letter, of that grand old document; and

Whereas the protection of women voters was considered a matter of the highest
policy, and fearing that the States where women were not already voting might at-
tempt, by State laws, to make such States limited republics under a general repnbhc,
by enacting States laws curtailing the rights of women, and in time break up the
genera] government iu to a great number of small limited republics, that in time
would become limited monarchies, or wholly independent of the general goven-
ment; and

Whereas the Constitution clearly guaranties a republican form of government to
every State, and declares every law enacted by any State '' null and void " that does
not protect all citizens equally, in all their rights, duties, and privileges:

Therefore, in the face of the above facts that our blessed forefathers and foremothere
thought, and lived out, under the grandest and most D^rfect document of any age or
people, let us hasten to the full foUowiug, and thus restore and make peace permaaeot
among both sexes and all classes.

The greatest policy is the highest justice, and vice versa.

jurist has ever seen it. Dr. Walker, your Crowning Constitutional Arganieot will
open the door through which all women will walk and vote.'' Chief-Justice Chase
in substance said the same.

The first time my Crowning Constitutional Argument went to Congress with bill
attached to protect women in the exercise of her franchise was through Hon. Mr.
Teese, of New Jersey.

Senator Fen ton and Senator Caldwell introduced my bill simultaneously to protect ,
woman in her suffrage (with argument attached) as several other Senators and
Members have done, with not one dissenting from the truth of the same.

The Supreme Bench, will, ere long, declare the supremacy of the Crowning Consti-
tutional Argument, and the work is done.

Maby £. WAXiCKii, M. D.,

Jn American cilt^eii.

The quick perception of a woman, combining the practical knowledge
ot* medicine and surgery, that rose to every occasion and surmounted
every difficulty, remained, while the enduninceof the physical had de-
parted, and but for her hygienic method of clothing would have wholly
disabled one so petite and sensitive from the activities of life that three
accidents, iu tjie same limb, on last Decoration Day and in last No-
vember have now deprived her of.

It is not generally known, by people now living, that not until since
the close of the war were bills printed and put on all Itepresentatives'
and Senators' desks. Still smaller is the number who know the history
of why this was deemed advisable not only but imperative, and how
the delayed justice that should have been meted out to her was de
feated at a time when it was not publicly disputed that she had re-
ceived the same in a $15,000 appropriation from Congress.

The following is an explanation:

The printing of bills and reports and placing on the desks, so that
every member of both houses could be perfectly well informal regard-
ing the pending legislation, was suggested and urge<l bex^use Dr.
Mary E. Walker had been wronged out of $15,000 on March 10, 1866,
that Members had voted her as the most prominent woman in the Army,
and the only woman who was an officer in the Medical Department
This report would be incomplete without a brief explanation, viz:
A bill for a woman had been rushed through the House without dis-
cussion other than 'Hatlks of Members in groups, that the Dr. Lady
should be re-imbursed and rev^arded, as the whole country knew of her
eminent services."

It was readily pushed through the Senate by adding that *^her be-
nevolence would lead her to use the greater part in reporting to friends '

DB. MAKY E. WALKER. 19

of those who died at Andersonville, as she had also been a prisoner of
war.*' (The woman who received the money had not been.) The day
it passed the House, Jadge Lawrence met her and informed her of the
passag:6 of $15,000 instead of the $10,000 she had asked. So adroitly
had the passage of the bill been managed by one Member of Congress
for a woman who had been a $50 per month employ^ in the Interior
Department the greater part of the time during the war, instead of for
Dr. Mary Walker, that not one other member suspected sharp practice
until too late.

The woman who got the money also got the list of names of soldiers
who died at Andersonville, Ga., that Dorrance Atwater had brought
away with him in his boots when an exchanged prisoner of war^ The
trouble that resulted from the persistence in keeping this list of names
by said woman from Mr. Atwater (and other things) was settled by
Dorrance Atwater being appointed consul to the Island of Tahitti
through the influence of the Representative who engineered the bill.
When the Senate was aafced to pass the bill (some bill) for Clara Barton,
it was on the groundof ^^ time and money used in hunting up the names of
dead prisoners of war," as the Senate* was too small a ^dy to get a bill
through on a plane, and plan, that had been adopted in the House.

To this day, people insist that " Dr. Mary Walker received that
$15,000 as it was voted her."

With such an array of facts as are herein shown in this report, of
the patriotism, sufferings, expenditures, energy, versatility of talent, in
the various exigencies of war, it is not easy to compute what she has
attained to benefit het country.

The House committee have recommended the passage of bill 7153,
and both houses onfi:ht to pass the same without further delay, as this
is the fifth United States Congress that has had her bill placed on the
House calendar with unanimous consent, but never reached. It is now
before the Senate, bill 4267.

Maby B. Walker, M. D.,
AsHstant Surgum in the late War.

Washington, D. C, July^ 1890.

District op Columbia, City of Washington^ ss :

Subscribed to before me by the said Dr. Mary E. Walker, who af-
firmed that the contents of the above statement are true to the best of
her knowledge and belief, this 25th day of August, A. D. 1800.

[SEAL.] R. B. Nixon,

Notary Public,

S, mis. 4 50

51st CoNaBESS, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

l8t Session, i \ No. 227.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 28, lyOO.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Plumb, from the committee of conference on the disagreeing votes
of the two Houses on the amendments of the House to the bill (S. 2781),
sabmitted the following

CONFERENCE REPORT:

The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two
Houses on the amendments of the House to the bill (S. 2781) to forfeit
certain lands heretofore granted for the purpose of aiding in the con-
struction of railroads, and for other purposes, having met, after full and
free conference, have agreed to recommend and do recommend to their
respective Houses as follows:

That the Senate recede from its disagreement to the amendment of
the House to said bill and agree to the same with an amendment as
follows : Strike out all of said amendment and in lieu thereof insert the
following :

That there is hereby forfeited to the United States^ and the United States
hereby resumes the title thereto^ all lands heretofore granted to any State
or to any corporation to aid in the construction of a railroad opposite to and
coterminous with the portion of any such railroad not now completed^ and
in operation^ for the construction or benefit of iohich such lands were granted;
and all such lands are declared to be apart of the public domain : Provided^
That tim act shall not be construed as forfeiting the right of way or station
grounds of any railroad company heretofore granted.

Sec. 2. That all persons who^ at the date of the passage of this act^ are
actual settlers in good faith on any of thel^nds hereby forfeited and are
otherwise qualified^ on making due claim on said lands under the home-
stead law within six months after ilie passage of this a^ct^ shall be entitled
to a prejerence right to enter the same under the provisions of the home-
stead law and this act, and shall be regarded as such actual settlers from
the date of actual settlennent or occupation ; and any person wJio has not
lieretofore had the benefit of the homestead or pre-emption law^ or who has
failed from any cause to perfect the title to a tract of land heretofore en-
tered by him under either of said laics, may make a second homestead entry
under the provisions of this act. The Secretary of the Interior shall make
such rules as will secure to such a^t^ial settlers these rights.

Sec, 3. That in all cases where persons being citizens of the United
States^ or who have declared their intentions to become such, in accordance
with the naturalization laws of the United States, are in possession of any
of the lands affected by any such grant and hereby resumed by and restored
to the United States, under deed, written contract with, or license from, the
State or corporation to which such grant teas made, or its assignees, executed
prior to January first, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight, or where persons
may have settled said lands with bona fide intent to secure title \V.weVi>a^

2 BILL TO FORFEIT LANDS GRANTED RAILROADS.

purchase from the State or corporation wlien earned by compliance with the
conditions or requirements of the granting acts of Congress they shall be
entitled to purchase the same from the United States, in quantities not
exceeding three hundred and tvfenty acres to any one such person^ <U
the rate of one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, at any time mthi%
two years from the passage of this act, and on making said payment
to receive patents therefor, and where any such person in actual poi-
session of any such lands and having iynproved the same prior to the
first day of January, eighteen hundred and ninety, under deed, tcritti^n
contract, or license as aforesaid, or his a;Ssignor^ has inade partial or
full payments to said railroad company prior to said date, on account of
the purchase price of said lands from it, on proof of the amount of such
payments he shall be entitled to have the same, to the extent and amount of
one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, if so much ha^s beenpaid, and not
more, credited to him on account of and as part of the purchase price herein
provided to be paid the United States for said lands, or such persons may
elect to abandon their purchases and make claim orp said lands under the
Jiomestead law and as provided in the preceding section of this act : Pro-
vided, That in all cases where parties, persons, or corporations, with the
permission of such State or corporation,, or its assignees, are in the posses-
sion of and have )nade improvements upon any of the lands hereby resumed
and restored, and are not entitled to enter the same under the provisions
of this act, such parties, persons, or corporations shall have six months in
which to remove any growing crop, and within which time they shall also
be entitled to remove all buildings and other movable improvements frmn
said lands : Provided further,. That the provisions of this section shall not
apply to any lands situate in tlie State of Iowa on which any person in
good faith has made or asserted the right to make a pre emption or home-
stead settlement : And provided further. That nothing in this act contained
shall be contsrued as limiting the rights granted to purchasers or settlers by
^^An act to provide for the adjustment of land grants made by Congress to
aid in the construction of railroads and for the forfeiture of unearned lands,
and for other purposes,^ approved March third, eighteen hundred and eighty
seven, or as repealing, altering, or amending said act, nor as in any man-
ner affecting any cause of action existing in favor of any imr chaser
against his grantor for breach of any covenants of title.

Sec. 4, That section five of an act entitled '^An act for a grant of lands
to the State of Iowa in alternate sections to aid in the construction of a
railroad in said State,^'* approved May seventeenth, eighteen hundred and
sixty-four, and section seven of an act entitled *^An act extending the time
for the completion of certain land-grant railroads in the States of Minne-
sota and Iowa, and for other purposes,^ approved March third, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty five, and also section five of an act entitled *'^n act making
an additional grant of lands to the Stale of Minnesota in alternate sec-
tions to aid in the .construction of railroads in said State,^^ approved July
fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty six, so far as said sections are applica-
ble to lands embraced icithin the indemnity limits of said grants,, be, and
the same are hereby, repealed ; and so much of the provisions of section
four of an an act approved June seeond, eighteen hundred and sixty four,
and entitled ^^An act to amend an act entitled ^An act making a grant of
lands to the State of Iowa in alternate seotions to aid in the construction
of certain railroads in said Stale,^ " approved May fifteenth, eighteen hun-
dred and fifty-six, be, and the same are hereby, repealed so far as they re-
quire the Secretary ojf the Interior to reserve any lands but the odd sections
within the primary or six miles granted limits of the roads mentioned in

BILL TO FORFEIT LANDS GRANTED RAILROADS. 6

said act of June second^ eighteen hundred and sixty-four^ or tlie act to
which the same is amendatory.

Sec. 5. That if it shall be found that any lands heretofore granted to tlie
Northern Pacific Railroad Company and so resumed by the United States
and restored to the public domain lie north of the line known as the ^^Uar-
rison line^^^ being a line drawn from Wallula^ Washingtonj easterly to the
southeast comer of the northeast one fourth of the southeast quarter of sec-
tion ticenty-sevenj in township seven norths of range thirty-seven east^ of the
Willamette meridian, all persons who hadxicquired in good faith the title
of the Nort/iern sPaciJic Railroad Company to any portion of said lands
prior to July first, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, or who at said date
were in possession of any portion of said lands or had improved the same,
claiming the same under written contract tcith said company, executed in
good faith, or their helm or assigns, as the case may be, shall be entitled
to purchase the lands so acquired, possessed, or improved, from the United
States, at any time prior to the expiration of one year after it shall
be finally determined that such lands are restored to the public domain by
the provisions of this act, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per
acre, and to receive patents therefor upon proof before the proper land
office of tlie fact of such acquiMtion, possession, or improvementy and pay-
ment therefor, without limitation as to quantity: Provided, That the rights
of way and riparian rights heretofore attempted to be conveyed to the city of
Portland, in the State of Oregon, by he Northern Pacific Railroad Company
and the Central Trust Company of New York, by deed of conveyance dated
August eighth, eighteen hundred and eighty six, and which are described as
follows : A strip of land fifty feet i7i widths being twenty five feet on each side
of the center line of a water pipe line, as tlie same is staked out and located,
eras it shall be hereafter finally located according to the provisions of an
act of the legislative assembly of the State of Oregon approved November
twenty fifth, eighteen hundred and eighty five, providing for tlie means to
supply the city of Portland with an abundance of good, pure, and whole-
some water over and across the following described tracts of land : Sections
nineteen and thirty-one in toumship one south, of range six east ; sections
twenty five, thirty one, thirty-three, and thirty -five, in township one southj
of range five ea^st ; sections three and five in township two south, of range
five ea^t ; section one in township two south, of range four east ; sections
twenty-three, twenty-five, and thirty-five in township one south, of range
four east, of the Willamette meridian, in the State of Oregon, forfeited by
this act, are liereby confirmed unto the said city of Portland, in the State
of Oregon, its successors and assigns forever, with the right to enter on the
hereinbefore described strip of land, over and across the above described
sections for the purpose of constructing, maintaining, and repairing a
water pipe line aforesaid.

Sec. C. That no lands declared forfeited to the United States by this act
shall by reason of such forfeiture inure to the benefit of any State or cor-
poration to which lands may have been granted byCongress, except as herein
otherwise provided ; nor shall this act be construed to enlarge the area of
land originally covered by any s^ich grant, or to confer any right upon any
State, corporation or person to lands which were expected from such grant.
Nor shall the moiety of the lands granted to any railroad company on ac-
count of a main and a branch line appertaining to uncompleted roa^,
and hereby forfeited, within the conflicting limits of the grants for such
main and branch lines, when but one of such lines has been completed, inure
by virtue of the forfeiture hereby declared, to the benefit of the completed
line.

SEC. 7. That in all cases where lands included in a grant of land to the

4 BILL TO FORFEIT LANDS GRANTED RAILROADS.

State of Mississippi^ for the purpose of aiding in the construciion of a rait-
road from Brandon to the Gulf of if exico, commonly Jcnotm as the Gulf
and Ship Island Railroad^ have heretofore been sold by the officers of the
United States for cash, or with the alloicance or approval of such officers
Jiave entered in good faith under the preemption or homestead laws^ or
upon which there were bona fide pre emption or liomestead claims an tlie first
day of January y eighteen hundred and ninety^ arising or asserted by actual oc-
cupation of the land undercolor of the laws of the United States, the right and
title of the persons holding or claiming any such lands under such sales or en-
tries are herelyy confirmed, and persons claiming the right to enter as afore-
said may perfect their entry under the law. And mi condition that the Gulf
and Ship Island Railroad Company within ninety days from the passage
of this act shall, by resolution of its board of directors, duly accept the
provisions of the same and file tcith the Secretary of the Interior a valid
relinquishment of all said company'' s interest, right, title, and claim in and
to all such lands as have been sold, entered^ or claimed, as aforesaid, then
the forfeiture declared in the first section of this act shall not apply to or
in anywise affect so much and such parts of said grant of lands to tJte State
of Mississippi as lie south of a line drawn ea^st and west through the point
where the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad may cross tJie New Orleans and
Nortlieastern Railroad in said State, until one year after the passage of
this act. And there may be selected and certified to or in behalf of said
company lands in lieu of those hereinbefore required to be surrendered, to
be taken within the indemnity limits of the original grant, north of said
line nearest to such part of the line as may be constructed at the date of
selection,

SEC, 8. That the Molnle and Girard Railroad Company, of Alabama,
shall be entitled to the quantity of land earned by the construction of its road
from Girard to Troy, a distance of eighty four miles. And the Secretary
of the Interior in making settlement and certifying to or for the benefit of
said company the lands earned thereby shall include therein all the lafids
sold, conveyed or otherwise disposed of by said company not to exceed the
total amount earned by said company as aforesaid » And tJie title of the
purchasers to all such lands are hereby confit-^ned so far as the United
States are concerned.

But such settlement and certification shall not include any lands upon
which tJwre were bona fide pre emptioti or homestead claims on the first day
of January, eighteen hundred and ninety, arising or asserted by actuul
occupation of the land under color of the laws of the United States.

The right hereby given to the said railroad company is on the condition
that it shall within ninety days from the passage of Vm act, by resolution
of its board, of directors^ duly accept tJie provisions- of the same and file
tcith the Secretary of the Interior a valid relinquishment of all said com-
pany's interest, right, title, and claim in and to all such lands within the
limits of its grant, as have heretofore been sold by the officers of'tJie United
States, for cash, where the Government still retains the purchase money,
or with the allowance or approval of such officers have been entered in
good faith under the preemption or homestead laws, or as are claimed,
under the homestead or pre cmption laws as aforesaid, andethe ri^ht and
title of the persons holding or claiming any such lands und r such sales or
entries, are hereby confirmed, and all such claims under the pre-emption or
hotnestead laws, may be perfected as provided by law. Said company to
have the right to select other lands, as near as practicable to constructed
road, and within indemnity limits in lieu of the lands so relinquished.
And the title of tlie United States is hereby relinqnished in favor of all
persons holding under any sales by the local land officers^ of the lands in

BILL TO FORFEIT LANDS GBANTED RAILROADS. 5

the granted limits of tJie Alabama and Florida Railroad grants where the
United States still retains the purchase money ^ hut without liability on tJie
part of the United States.

P. B. Plumb,

J. N. DOLPH,

Managers^ on the part of the Senate.

L. B. Paybon, •
E. J. Turner,
Managers on the part of the House of Bepresentatites. -

61ST Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

1st Session. ) ( No. 228.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

August 28, ISQO.^Beferred to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to bo

printed.

Letter of the Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States,
transmitting tetter of the marshal of said court in response to resolu-
tion of the Senate of August 12, 1890, calling for a detailed statetnent
of the fees charged and received by the marshal of the Supreme Court of
the United States,

WASHiNGKroN, August 27, 1890.
To the President op the Senate :

The luarsbal of the Supreme Court ortheTJuited States having asked
for directions in respect to the resolution of the Senate of August 12,
1890, desiring a statement of the fees charged, received, and disbursed
by him during the last fiscal year, I have the honor to transmit the re-
port thereupon made by him.

I am your obedient servant,

Melville W. Fuller,

Chief-Justice.

Supreme Court op the United States,

August 26, 1S90.
To the Chief- Justice op the United States :

In response to the resolution of the Senate of August 12, 1890, re-
questing a statement of fees charged and received by the marshal of the
Supreme Court of the United States during the last fiscal year, and a
detailed statement of the disbursement of the same, I have the honor
to say that during the last fiscal year no fees were charged, received, or
disbursed by me.

Very respectfully,

J. M. Wright,
Marshaly Supretne Court, United States,

51st Conorkss, ) SENATE. i Mis. Doc

1st Session. ) \ No. 229.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATEa

i
AcotJST 29, IbOO.— Ordered to lie on the table and be printed.

Mr. Bmsmme sabmitted the foUowinic
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION:

Resohed by tiie Senate (the Ed\t»e of Ei^resentatieea oancurrtmg)^ TUat
when the two Houses adjourn on the 19th day of September, 1800, it
be to meet on the 10th day of November, 1890.

61ST Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doo.

1st Session. J ) No. 230.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES;

August 29, 1890. — Presented by Mr. Hoar, referred to the Committee on Finance,

and ordered to be printed.

PBTinON OF MANUFACTURERS WHO USE VELVETEENS AND
CORDUROYS, AND IMPORTERS OF THESE GOODS, DOING BUSI-
NESS IN BOSTON, MASS., PRATING A MODIFICATION OF THE
PROPOSED REVISION IN THE RATES OF DUTY ON SUCH FAB-

BOSTON, July 15, 189C
To the Senate of the United States:

Your petitioners respectfally represent that they are importers and
consumers of cotton velvets and corduroys, which they offer for sale
only in the United States.

That the proposed change by the Senate Committee on Finance in
the rates of duty to be levied on these cotton. velvets and corduroys,
to wit, 14 cents per square yard an/1 20 per cent, ad valorem on the
d3'ed p:oods, and 10 cents per square yard and 20 x>er cent, ad valorem
on gray (or known as picker), will prohibit your petitioners from con-
tinning in this business, and thereby throw out of employment hun-
dreds of employes, and through the far-reaching channels of trade in
the North, South, East, and West the thousands dependent upon the
further distribution of this class of goods.

Your petitioners respectfully beg to call your attention to the fact
that these goods are used in place of silk velvets, principally by the
very poorest classes of the population of the United States, largely the
negroes of the South, the working hands on the farm, the factory girls
in the mills, the shop girls in the stores, and the servant girls in the
homes.

Also a large industry is supported by the manufacture of these cotton
velvets into slipper patterns, which are emoroidered and then made
into slippers in the Eastern States and distributed throughout the West
and South largely in the rural districts.

Your petitioners find in paragraph 333 of the proposed new tariff act
that it is proposed to admit such cotton velvets embroidered in Europe
with silk at the rate of 50 per cent, ad valorem. This would be a
discrimination of not less than 50 per cent, against home manufact-
ure and ruin a large industry dependent upon the importation of these
goods at the present rate of 40 per cent, ad valorem.

There are kindred industries, such as the box-making, cap-making,
millinery, clothing, etc., for which, if the new tariff be enacted, these
cotton velvets and corduroys would not be used, from the fact that they
would be driven out by competition with other articles. This is an un-
just discrimination against cotton goods.

Corduroys, — ^Your i)etitioners would respectfully call your attention
to the fact that corduroys are used for men's wear, by the working peo-
ple, such as railroad employes and laborers generally. Among the
other uses they are put to is that of upholstering cheap carriages.

2 RATES OP DUTY ON VELVETEENS AND CORDUROYS.

•

If Buch a prohibitory rate of duty be enacted, it will enhance the cost
of these goods to such an extent that they can not be used for these por-
poses in competition with other imported goods.

Why is it proposed by the Senate committee to enhance the cost of
these goods that are entirely consumed by the workiugmen of the
United States f

For whose benefit is the proposed advance!

Are the interests of the beneficiaries of this advance paramount to
those of the consumers of these goods! And is our livelihood to be taken
away from us as .American citizens, numbering into the thousands, as
we have represented to you, for the benefit of— whom t

The present protective tarifi'of 40 per cent, imposed for the advan-
tage of American manufacturers who may desire to make cotton vel-
vets and corduroys has been admitted by such domestic maDufacturers
t'O give them sufficient protection on the medium and higher qualities,
as is shown by the statement of Howard Richmond, the only record
testimony on this point, which will be found on page 548 of the testi-
mony taken before the tariff sub-committee of the Senate Committee
on Finance in 1888, as follows :

Tbe present 40 per cent, ad valorem tariff does not protect the manufacturer in
the large majority of velveteen in demand. It does protect in the mediam and
higher grades.

This leaves but the lowest grades— varying in price from 8 to 16
cents per yard-^requiring additional protection. Thta average cost of
labor required in the manufacture of these goods is not over 50 per
cent, of the total cost. From this statement of facts it is apparent
that the present 40 per cent, rate of duty, with the administrative
act adding to the charges by an addition of 10 per cent, to the present
tariff, making a total of 50 per cent., which will cover the entire cost
of the labor and afford ample protection on all grades of these goods.

The changes in tbe duties on cotton velvets and corduroys proposed
by the McKinley tariff* bill and changed by the Senate Committee on
Finance will advance the rates on low-priced goods as in following
tabulated statement :

Cost per
Uneal
3*ard.

Width of

Daty as
proposed by

Senato
committee

(14-20).

Duty as
saggested

Total, in.

clading od-

vonco by

Present

goo<lg.

by petition*
ers (6—20).

administra-
tive act (10
per cent.).

duty.

Pence.

Inehet.

Per cent.

Percent.

•
Per cent

Percent.

118

Under the proposed tariff, a cotton velvet and silk velvet costing the
same in Europe, the silk velvet after being imported can be sold for
less money than the cotton ; and thus will the cotton velvet and cor-
duroy importing business not only be ruined^ but the proposed legisla-
tion will frustrate the intention of the new rate of duty by destroying
the market for cotton velvets and corduroj's; and many uses to v^hich
these cotton velvets and corduroys are now put in the manufactnriug

BATES OF DUTY ON VELVETEENS AND CORDUROYS.

of slippers, caps, boxes, carriages, men's clothing, etc., will cease to ex*
ist; and if it takes so much protection to make these goods at home,
after such goods are made they can not be sold in competition with
other foreign goods, as already stated.

Your petitioners, in consequence of the foregoing statements, woukl
respectfully ask you to change the rates of duty on cotton velvets and
cordurdys to 6 cents per square yard and 20 per cent, ad valorem, for
both pickers, or grays, and dyed goods.

In support of these statements we will submit affidavits showing the
actual cost of manufacture of cotton velvets and corduroys.

Anthony PeiebjS & Son. Farley, Harvey & Co.

A. B. Croker & Cq. Jackson, Mandel & Da^niel.

James F. Mullen & Co. Mighals, Farnsworth & Co.

Beal, HiGGiNs & Henderson. Edw. K. Butler.

R H. White & Co.
Shbpaed, Norwell & Co.
Bradford, Thomas & Co.
Wilson, Larrabee & Co.

John K. 0. Sleebu & Co.
C. A. Browning & Co.
Moore, Spaulding & Co.
Plimpton, Fisk & Co.

61ST Congress, > SEUATE. . 5 Mis. Doc.

1st Session, f i No. 231.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

August 30, 1H90. — Presented by Mr. Morgan and ordered to lie on the table and be

printed.

RE80LT7TIONS ADOPTED AT A MEETING OF COLORED CITIZENS
OF BIRMINGHAM, ALA., AUGUST 15, 1890, REMONSTRATING
AGAINST THE PASSAGE OF THE LODGE FEDERAL ELECTION
BILL.

To the Honorable Senate of tJie United States,

Wa^hington^ D. 0.:

Gentlemen: The colored people of BirmiDgham, Ala., in mass
meeting assembled on the loth of August, 1890, adopted the following
resolutions protesting against the passage of the *< Lodge Federal Elec-
tion bill," namely :

Whereas a bill popularly known as the "Lodge Federal Election
bill," now pending before the Congress of the Unit^ States, providing
for the manner of electing Representatives to the lower house of Con-
gress and for electors of President and Vice-President of the United
States, by the appointment by the judges of the United States circuit
courts, on petition of a certain number of citizens of any Congressional
district, of Federal supervisors, to hold elections, pass upon the qual-
ifications of voters, to count the ballots, correct and certify* to the elec-
tion of said Bepresentatives and Electors, exclusive of the State officers
in which such elections are held ;

Whereas this proposed system is full of loop holes in favor of the
political party in power, and against all others in opposition, to the
end that whatever political party may have the "reins" of the Federal
Government can, with impunity, always count itself "in" and keep
"out" the other;

Whereas this bill, if passed, would bo the means of defeating the
will of the people at the polls and thereby destroy the fundamental
principle of our republican form of government; and

Whereas its passage would do more than anything else to destroy
the friendly relations between the two races of the South, by inciting
race riots and bloodshed, of which the weaker race (colored) would be
the sufferers : Therefore, be it

Eesolvedy That we, the colored people of Birmingham, Ala., in mass
meeting assembled, do hereby enter our solemn protest against the
passage of the said election bill.

Resolved, That we call upon all race-loving negroes, both north and
Bouth, to do all they can against its passage.

Resolved further, That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to
United States Senator James T. Morgan to present before the United
States Senate on behalf of the colored citizens of Birmingham.

Peince Robinson,

Chairman of Meeting,
H. C. Smith,
Chairman Committee on Resolutions.
S. W. Bains,

Secretary of Meeting,

iflST Congress, ) SENATE. i Mis. Doc,

lat Session, j ) No. 232.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

Septbmbkr 2, 18U0.— Presented by Mr. Blair and ordered to lie 09 the table and bo

printed.

STATEMENT OF CHARLES L. RANDALL CONCERNING THE BUCA

INDUSTRY.

The mica indastry has been au established industry of this country
for a period of more than eighty years. The mica mines of this country,
notably those existing in New Hampshire and North Garolina, have pro-
duced the finest mica in the world, both for export and domestic uses.
About five years ago, mica mines in India, producing transparent and
clear mica, were discovered, and up to that period India could not com-
pete with the United States in quality, and hence mica had been
exported largely for thirty years before, and the mica mines of the
United States supplied both the foreign and domestic markets. The
trade was thus brought to a stand-still in this country, inasmuch as the
European productions were beginning to be imported largely, and in
consequence of the labor market in India and elsewhere being so much
lower, the competition became ruinous, and for the last five years sou^
twenty-five mica mines and industries established at that time — the most
of which were on a permanent basis — were forced to the wall and
obliged to snspend operations, owing to the influx of cheap mica into
this country.

There are now but two or three mica mines at work in this country,
and yet mica abounds in New Mexico, Alabama, Tennessee, North
Carolina, Qeorgia, Virginia, Colorado, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Texas,
New Hampshire, and Maine. Eighty per cent, of the mica used in this
country is imported free of duty. The reverse was the condition of the
trade np to four years since. There has never been a time when this
country was not able to supply the trade with a good article both for
the stove trade and for electrical uses. The geological report of the
United States Government abounds in statistics showing the nature and
conditions of the tnule here. Wherever found mica is known to be au
economic mineral, but if a duty is placed upon it by the Government
there will be found plenty of capital and energy displayed to develop
the already suspended mines and the new undeveloped mines existing
in the States previously mentioQed.

American mica has. been used ever since the formation of the elec-
trical industries were established and is used today, and is in every
way suitaUe for the purposes of insulation; and is, in the just opin-
ions of unbiased experts^ believed to contain a less percent, of iron than
the quality produced .out of the country. In 1887 a medal and diploma
was awarded to the Eugr:les & liandall Mica Company, of Grafton,
New Hampshire, by the Massachusetts Chart Mechanics Association,
of Boston, and the claim of the company was for the best mica in the
world for stove and electrical uses. All the specimens and products
exhibited were entirely of American productions.
S. mis. 4 51

2 THE MICA INDUSTRY.

The capacity of the miues of North Garolina, and the Palermo, Valeo-
cia, Bandall, Buggies & Randall, Alexandria, American, Grafton,
Springfield, Wilmot, Dorchester Mica Mines of New Hampshire are no-
limited and these American mines can supply this country with a good
article every way suitable for use at a fair price above the cost of pro-
duction.

The mica business is not an experiment here, but has been an estab-
lished industry for many years; but it needs the fostering hand of pro-
tection on the part of the Oovernment to stimulate and protect the
miues as others are protected in their various industries. The cai>acity
of the Ruggles & Randall mica mines of Grafton and Alexandria and
the Palermo mica mines at Groton alone will furnish to the trade
500,000 i)ounds of dressed mica of all sizes, from 3 inches ap to extreme
sizes, say 10, 12, 15, and 18 inches. A solid block of mica has been
taken from the foregoing mines ; weighs a half a ton ; of eighteen inches
dimensions. !No country in the w.orld has produced the large sizes of
mica that our country has produced. In 1851 at the London Art Ex-
hibition a block of mica weighing 200 pounds and measures more than

3 by 4 feet, was sent from the Ruggles & Randall mica mines of New
Hampshire, and a medal was awarded ; also a medal and diploma was
awarded for the best mica in the world. In 1867 at the French Espo-
sitiou at Paris a medal and diploma was awarded the Randall Brothers
for the finest collection of mica ever exhibited, and over fifteen medals
and as many diplomas have been awarded by the different States at
exhibits held in those States to the Ruggles & Randall mica producers,
covering a period of forty years.

A duty will protect the American producer, and should a scarcity in
'au|r one year ever occur, which is hardly possible, with the energy dis-
played by Americans for developing the mining industries of the coun-
try, the slight duty imposed by the Ways and. Means Committee and
ratified by the House of Represeutives will in no wise work £:reat hard-
ship or forfeiture to the consumer or manufacturer here. Mica mining
is a thoroughly American enterprise and should be protected as well as
the electrical manufacturers or the stove founders who are fully pro-
tected by the liberal and stimulating policy of the McKinley bilL

At the Ruggles & Randall mines at Grafton, N. H., Messrs. Randall
have expended over $120,000 in driving two tunnels several hundred
feet under a mountain, built engine houses, placed two 50 horse-power
boilers, hoisting-drum, steam-drills, large workshops, dwelliug-honses,
car-tracks, also built roads through the woods to the mines. And to-
day all this immense plant is dead, though they could land here and
lay at your doors over 10 tons of merchantable mica within twenty days,
but not to be sold at the price of 10, 20, or 30 cents a pound, as they
can not mine at the priqe of India labor, viz: 50 cents per month, nor
at the price of Canadian labor, 70 to 80 cents i>er day.

When the parties who represent the interests of the electrical manu-
facture were before the Ways and Means Committee, it was suggested
by Mr. Randall that they be recalled before they left the committee
room so that Mr. Randall might have some questions put to them as to
'whether they had ever found fault with the mica which had been fur-
nished by the Messrs. Randall to their company, but the parties im-
mediately left the room.

The amount of powder, dynamite, hammers, picks, died-steel shovels^
and many other tools, are nil proiiuced by labor, and which costs mapy
thousand dollars anmially. Kow when you consider that there has been
twenty -one places oi)eued in New Hampshire during the last twelve

TUE MICA INDUSTRY.

years, but one of which is now at work, and in North Carolina there
has been thirty-three places where mica has been obtained, and not one
at work to-day, yon* can judge that the mica miners ought to have re-
lief. The amount of wages which was paid in New Hampshire previous
to the heavy importation of mic& from India and Canada had reached
$7,000 per month at one mine.

There is now a duty against us in shipping to Canada, while it is on
the free list coming from them to us. If the countries of Japan and
China, with their millions, enter into the mica industry, and Bussian
Siberia, with nearly 80,000 political and other prisoners, join with the
India and 'Canada influx of mica, there will not be a pound of American
mica mined, and those who have made it their life business will be com-
pelled to go either to Japan or Europe or Asia, feeling that our Ameri-
can country has banished them in order to protect the electrical manu-
facturers who boast of profits of 100 per cent., and the stove manufact-
urers, who are so well protected that even a hand-stove or a warming-pan
can not be brought to this country because of the great protection which
the stove trade has demanded. On page 1084, Kevision of Tarifi, Mr.
Bichardson says :

It' is not a question of quality, but it is just a mere matter of getting the mica of
the needed size. The American miners do not produce that size mica, naming 1^ by
7 and li by 10 inches.

On page 1186, testimony before the Ways and Means Committee, Mr.
Webster, representing the Thompson-Houston Company, says :

We have no objection to using the Ainerican mica, only now it is difficult to obtain
a supply of mica to keep our Bands employed. •

Kow the only reason why they can not obtain the supply of American
mica is, the Americans can not mine their sizes for prices in competition
from' India and Canada.

Chables L. Bandall,
President of Buggies & Bandall Mica Company ^ Orafton^ N, JB.

51st Congress, ) . SENATE. / Mis. Doo.

1st Session. ) . ) No. 233.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

September id, 1890.— Ordered to be printed*

Mr. Morgan submitted the following

RESOLUTION:

Resolved^ That the Secretary of the Interior be directed to inform the
Senate wLat number of cases are now pending in his Department, in
which the claims of settlers are antagonized by the Northern Pacific
Kailroad Company, or by other companies whose roads were not con-
structed within the time required by the granting acts. And whether
said Northern Pacific Eailroad Company is now seeking a reversal of
previous decisions of the Department of the Interior, favoring settle-
ment claims. And whether said Northern Pacific Eailroad Company
has at different times filed different maps of general route for any por-
tion of its line through the same part of the country, and if so, whether
])ublic lands have been withdrawn from settlement and entry along
each of said lines as the same was changed, or along additional routes,
prior to the definite location of the line of such portion of road,
and whether t^he Department of the Interior maintains, or has main-
tained such withdrawals as an exclusion of the right of settlement
and entrj^, prior to definite location. And, specifically, what are the
decisions of his Department upon the point of the legality of with-
drawals on second or subsequent maps of geiieral route, so filed, and
of the validity of such indemnity withdrawals as against settlement
rights under the terms of the grant to said company. And whether
said company is seeking the reversal of x>revious decisions of the De-
partment upon said iK)ints.

And he will further inform the Senate whether said Northern Pacific
Eailroad Company failed to definitelj^ locate any portion of its road
during the period within which, by the conditions of its charter, the
road was required to be constructed, and what the decisions of his De-
partment are upon the point of the legal right of a railroad company to
definitely locate a line of road after the period when, by law, the entire
road was required to have been completed. And whether the decision
of Mr. Secretary Chandler upon this point has ever been overruled by
subsequent departmental decisions, or by the courts, and if not,
whether the principle of said decision is applied in the practice of the
Department to the said Northern Pacific Eailroad Company;

J» *

«18T CoNOftES», ( SENATE. .(Mis.Doc.

1st Session. ' j • i So. 234.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES*

Sbptrmbbr 10, 1890.-«-Ordere(l to be priutedi

Mr. Morgan -submitted the following

RESOLUTION:

Resolvedy That the conferees on the part of the Senate on the dis-
agreeing votes of the two Houses be insti^ucted to insist on the follow-
ing additions to the amendments tb Senatio bill 2781, to forfeit certain
lands heretofore granted for th^ purpose of aiding in the construction
of railroads, and for other purposes, reported by the majority of said

committee to the Senate :

First. Insert at the end of section 5 of said bill so reported, the
following:

All lands granted to the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, under
any law of the United States, between the western border of Minnesota
and a south and north line drawn through Tacoma, in the State of
Washington, shall be and remain subject to the mining laws of the
United St^ates, as long as the sam(* are held by said railroad company,
or by any person holding under said company, whose claim dates with-
in five years before the approval oi* this act, and said lands may be
acquired, held, and disposed of, in respect of any mineral deposits on the
same, except coal and iron, under such mining laws, in the same man-
ner as if the same were a part of the public domain. If said Northern
Pacific Railroad Company shall at any time release to the United
States its claims of every kind on any section or sections of laud
that contain minerals, except coal and iron, which are not forfeited
under this act, the Secretary of the Interior shall cause to be se-
lected and set apart to said railroad company an equal number of
sections of agricultural, or timber land, belonging to the public do-
main, and not reserved or occupied by a homestead spottier, and being
within fifty miles of the existing line of said railroad, which selections
should be in lieu of and in full compeiisation for the mineral lands so
released to the United States. And tbe lands so released to the United
States sb&ll thereupon become a part of the public domain, subject
to the lawful rights of any miner, or mining company, acquired, or
hereafter to be acquired theiein, or the lawful rights of any homestead
settler on said lands, or any legal subdivision thereof, and that the
.conferees on the part of the Senate are further to insist upon the fol-
lowing as a section to be added to said bill, with its proper number:

Sec. — . That the right to alter and amend this act, and any act under
which lands are granted to the Northern Pacific Railroad Company,
not inconsistent with the rights vested in said company under such acts

2 FORFEITURE OF LAND GRANTS.

of Congress, is hereby reserved and-retained, aud the further rigbt is
retained iaOonp^ress to hereafter declare a forfeiture of any lauds here-
tofore granted to said railroad company for jnst cause.

And said conferees are further instructed to insist that the proTisions
of section 8, of the amendment reported by the conference committee,
relating to the lands granted in aid of the Mobile and Oirard Bailroad
Company, shall apply to every land-grant railroad com|>auy in the
United States, whose railroad is not completed and in oi>eration throagh
the entire extent of its line as the same was located on the maps of
definite location, filed in the Department of the Interior, and approved
by the proi>er officer according to law.

51st Congress, l SEKATE. i Mis. Doo.

Ist Session. J (No. 235.

m THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES,

Septkmbrr 15, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Plumb, from the Committee on Pablic Landn, submitted the fol-
lowing

LETTER FROM THE COMBfllSSIONER OF 7BE GENERAL LAND
OFFICE RELATIVE TO THE BILL (8.4161) REQUIRINO THE
UNITED STATES TO DEFEND THE TITLES OF HOMESTEADERS
IN CERTAIN CASES.

: Department op the Interior,

General Land OFFtOE,
Washington, D. 0., July 30, 1890.

Sir:. As directed by your reference of the 8th instant of a copy of
Senate bill No. 4161, Fifty-first Congress, first session, entitled <^A bill
reqninng the United States to defend the title of homesteaders under
the laws of the United States in all suits where the land is claimed to
be mineral because of phosphate deposits,^ transmitted to you by Hon.
P. B. Plumb, chairman of the Senate Committee on Public Lands, I
have the honor to return herewith the bill, With this my report thereon
in duplicate.

The bill reads as follows:

Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representative$ of the United States of America
in Congress assemhled. That iu all cases ^vliere a homestead entry has been made iu
conformity with the laws of the UDited States, or where an application has been
made to enter under the homestead laws land subject under the laws to be entered
as a homestead by a person having a right to make such entry, and suit shall be
brought against such homesteader or applicant for a homestead involving the title
to said land on the ground that the title of the said land was not in the United States
at the time of such entry or application to enter said land, it shall bo the duty of the
district attorney of the United States to defend the title of the person making such
entry or making application to enter the same, and, if necessary, to take the case by
writ of error to the Supreme Conrt of the United States. •

Sec. 2. That where land contained in any homestead entry shall, subsequent to
such entry and to the issuing of a final certificate of entry, or where subsequent to the
entry of a homesteader under his homestead application a claim to such land, or to any
part of it, shall be made under the mineral laws of the United States on the ground
that such land contains phosphate deposits, it shall be the duty of the United States
to defend the title of such homesteaders and pay the costs of suit.

Prior to the issuance of patent this Department has full and com-
plete jurisdiction over all lands covered by homestead entries, and the
present law and regulations are ample for the protection of such claim-
ants in their rights.

In other words, 'Mn all cases where a homestead entry has been
made in conformity with the laws of the United States, or where an
application has been made to enter under the homestead laws land
subject, under the laws, to be entered as a homestead by a person hav-
ing a right to make such entry," the Department has the ^q^^^^vnxv^^s^

2 WTLE OF HOMEStEADElta.

exiBtibg laws, to issae a patent thereon, the only exception being in
case valuable deposits of mineral should be discovered on the land«
prior to such patenting.

If, however, it is the intent of this bill to continne the protection
named beyond the issue of patent, a homestead patent woald in that case
be equivalent to a warranty deed ; in fact, it would vest m the patentee
a stronger and much more invulnerable title than one individual can
convey to another by the usual deed of conveyauce. The Government
has never yet undertaken to warrant or defend its patent, and to do so
now would greatly increase the labors of the district attorney's office,
and bring additional expense upon the Government in its magnanimous
effort to provide homes for its citizens.

Furthermore, the passage of the bill would have i^ tendency to en-
courage litigation, and thereby burden our already overcrowded courts ;
entries would be made regardless of the fact as to whether the land
was public or not ; the entryman would have nothing to fear, as be
would be protected by the United States. Some would even go so far
as to use the name of the United States as a source of black-mail,
knowing full well that individuals and others do not care to come in
contact with the Government in a suit at law. As the law now stands,
settlers exercise great care, and avoid getting into litigation, if possi-
ble ; this is as it should be, and in order to preserve and continue this
fidelity to good order and law, no inducements should be held out in
the way of protection by the Government beyond departmental juris-
diction.

A patent from the United States conveys whatever title the Govern-
ment may have, and nothing more, being in this respect in the nature
of a quitclaim.

As to the second section of said bill, it is similar in effect to that of
Senate bill No. 3817, of the present Congress, reported upon adversely by
my letter '* N '^ of May 20, 1800, and contains the same general objectiona-
ble features, mainly in this, that it singles out phosphate from the other
numerous minerals, phosphate being a miuenil known or supposed to be
valuable only in the State of Florida. While the bill would relieve set-
tlers in said. State, it would leave settlers in other States and Territo-
ries, who are equally entitled to the same consideration, without any
adequate means of relief, which, to say the least, would be oiyust dis-
crimination, and therefore against public policy.

Viewing this bill in the light above expressed, I can not recommend
its passage ; but universal relief in this matter should be afforded all
settlers under the homestead and pre-emption laws as proposed by the
draught of a bill submitted with my said letter <^ N " of May 20, 1890, as
follows :

Be it enacted by the Senate and Boum of Representatiree of the United States of
in Congress assembledy That auy person who has made or who may hereafter make an
entry, at any proper land ofilce, under the homestead or pre-emption laws, of any
lands of the UnitCKl States, not known at the time to contain valnable depoeitoot
mineral, shall have the rigbt, upon complying with the further requiremente of the
law in other respects, to receive a patent for the laud so entered, notwithstanding
any discovery or mineral deposits upon or under the surface of any of said lands
after the date of such entry : Providedy_ That this act shall not affeot the status of
any entry heretofore canceled.

Very respectfully,

Lewis A. Grofp,

CommissioHer.
The Seobetaby of the Intebiob.

61st Congress, ) SBNATE. ( M18.D00.

1st Session. J r No. 23t>.

IK THE SENATE OP THE tTKlTED STATES.

BlsPT^MBBR 15, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. PtAjMAf fh>m the Oommittee on Fablic Lands, submitted the fol-
lowing

Letter from the becretart of the interior, transmit-
ting REPORT OF THE COMBfllSSIONBR OF THE GENERAL
LAND OFFICE ON THE BILL (S. 4176) TO LIMIT THE RIGHT OF
ENTR7 IN CERTAIN CASES.

DePABTBIENT op the iKTEBIOBy

Washingtonj July 28, 1890.

Sib : I am in receipt, by reference, of Senate bill 4176, <^ to limit the
right of entry nnder the pre-emption, timber caltnre, desert land, and
homestead laws in Wyoming," wbich was referred to the Commissioner
of the General Land Office, a copy of whose report tbereon is here-
with transmitted.

The provisions of this bill are similar to those contained in Senate
bill 4187, applicable to all the States and Territories, which was con-
sidered in my communication of this date addressed to you.

As Senate bill 4187 is general in its application there would seem
to be no necessity for the passage of Senate bill 4176.
Very respectfully,

John W. Noble,

Secretary.
Hon. P. B. Plumb,

Ohairman Committee on Pvblic LandSj United States Senate,

Dbpabtment op the Intebiob,

Genebal Land Opfige,
WashingtoHj D. 0., July 23, 1890.

Sib : I have had the honor to receive by reference from the Depart-
ment of July 14, 1890, for report in duplicate and return of paper,
Senate bill No. 4176, '' to limit the right of entry under the preemption,
timber culture, desert land, and homestead laws in Wyoming," trans-
mitted to the Department by honorable P. B. Plumb, chairman of the
Senate Committee on Public Lands, with a request for the views of
}[our Department thereon.

2 RIGHT OP ENTRY IN CERTAIN CASES.

In reply I bave the honor to report that on July 21, 1890, this oflSce
reported on Senate bill No. 4187, which contained similar provisiom
but applicable to afl of the States and Territories coutaiuing pablic
lands.

As said report applies equally to the present bill, I transmit a copy
thereof herewith.
The bill is herewith returned.
Very respectfully,

Lewis A, Gbofp,

Commissianer.

The Secretary of the Interior.

Department of the Intbbiob,

General Land Office,
Washiiigtonj i). O., July 21, 1890.

Sir: I have had the honor to receive by reference from the Depart-
ment of July 14, 1890, for report in duplicate and return of paper, Sen-
ate bill No. 4187, "to limit the right of entry under the pre-emptioD,
timber-culture, desert land, and homestead laws," transmitted to the
Department by honorable P. B. Plumb, chairman of the Senate Com-
mittee on Public Lands, with a request for the views of your Depa^^
ment thereon.

This bill proposes to enact —

That after the dat« of tlie approval of this act no person shall enter any of the
public land 8 of the United Suites iu any State or Territory of the United Stat«s
under the laws providing fur timber culture or the irrigation of desert lands, or
under the homestead or preemption laws of the United States who is a bigamist or
polygamist, or is living in what is known as patriarchal, plural, or celestial uiarriag«,
or in violation of any law of thJH State or of the United States forbidding any sueh
crime; or who iu any manner teaches, advises, counsels, aids, or enconra>;es any
person to enter into bigamy, polygamy, or such patriarchal, plural, or celestial mar-
riage, or to live in violation of any such law. or to commit any audi crime ; or who
is a member of or contributes to the support, aid, or encouragement of any order,
organization, association, corporation, or sooiety which teaches, advises, consents,
cucounigeH, or aids any person to enter into bigamy, polygamy, or snch patriarchal
or plural marriage, or "which teaches or advis<s that the laws of any Stat« or Terri-
tory prescribing rules of civil conduct are not the supreme law of the St«te ; and
the* Secretary of the Interior shall make all needful regulations to carry this act into
ettVjct.

If enacted it would have the effect to defeat existing setrlement
rights on tiie public lands, and to turn out of their homes thereon any
fnmilies whose responsible heads may be considered by t|ie officials of
the Land Department to come within its meaning and allow of the
appropriation of their improvements by others, thereby involving the
irresponsible members of such families in the evil conseqneucos.

The bill might be so amended as to make it prospective in its opera-
tion, and prevent the breaking up of homes already established on the
public lauds under existing settlements, and, also, so as to limit its
effects to such persons as may have been convicted of ofi'euses against
the laws on the subject of polygamy.

The provisions against persons aiding or encouraginp^ any society
which teaches or advises that ** the laws of auy State or Territory pre-
scribing rules of civil conduct are not the supreme laws of the State''
is probably put in broader terms than was intended, as it seems to in-
clude the whole body of the law and to admit of the constraction that

BIGHT OP ENTRY IN CERTAIN CASES.

it is intended to apply to any society that teaches the abstract prin-
ciple known aa the doctrine of the ^^ higher law," which would include a
class of persons not at all inclined to favor the practice of polygamy.

I am not prepared to recommend the bill as it now stands, but as a
measure of legislation would leave it, with the above suggestions, to
the wisdom of Congress.
The bill is herewith returned.
Very respectfully,

Lewis A. Gboff,

Commisst(mer.
The Secretary of the Interior.

518T Congress, ( SBSTATB. / Mis. Doc.

l8t Session. ] \ No. 237.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

Srptembi^ 17, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Blaib submitted the following

DOCUMENTS IN CONNBCTION WITH HIS SPBBGH OF SAMB DATB
IN SUPPORT OF SBNATB JOINT RBSOLUTIONS 11 AND 18,
PROPOSINa AN AMBNDMBNT OF THB CONSTITUTION TO CON-
FBR REPRBSBNTATION TO THB DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IN
THB TWO HOUSES OF COlltORESS AND IN THB BlaECTORAL
COU.BOB.

[S. B. 11, Flfty.fint CoDjrraBa, flrat session, Beoembor S, 1880.]

JOINT RESOLUTION propoeiDg an amendment to the Constitution to C4mfer repre-
sentation to the District of Colnmbia in the two houses of Congress and in the
electoral college. *

Whereas the people of the District of Golambia are subjected to taza- '
tion without representation, contrary to a fundamental pnnciple of all
free government: Therefore,

Resolved bjjf the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America' in Congress asserAbled (two-thirds of each House concurring
therein) J That the following article be proposed to the legislatures of the
several States, as an amendment to the Constitution of the United
States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said legislatures, shall
be valid as a part of the Constitution, namely :

"Article XVI.

" Sec. 1. That the District of Columbia shall be entitled to represen-
tation in the Congress of the United States by one Senator and by one
or more Bepresentatives, ac<^rdiDg to the rule of apportionment estab-
lished by Article XIY of the Constitution. Said District shall also be .
entitled to as many electors for President and ^ ice- President of the
United States as it has members of Congress.

"Sec. 2. That Congress shall provide, by law, the times and manner
of choosing the Senator, the Bepresentative or Bepresentatives, and
the electors authorized by this article."

[S. B. 18, Fifty-first Congress, first session, Deoember 9, 1880.1

JOINT RESOLUTION proposing an amendment of the Constitution to confer repre-
sentation to the District of Columbia in the two Houses of Congress and in the
electoral college.

Whereas the people of the District of Columbia are subjected to
taxation without representaion, contrary to a fundamental principle of
all free government : Therefore,

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled {tvro-thirds of both Houses can-
curring)y That the following article be proposed to the legislatures of

2 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

the several States as an ameudineDt to the Constitution of the CTnited
States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said legislatares, shall
be valid as part of the Constitation, namely :

Article XVL

^' Section 1. The District of Columbia shall be entitled representatioii
in the Congress of the United States by one Senator andT>yoneor
more Bepresentatives, according to the rnle of apportionment estab-
lished by Article XIV of the Constitution. Said District shall also be
entitled to as many electors for President atfd Vice-President of the
United States as it has members of Congress: Provided^ That SQch
representation in the Congress sball not participate in joint conventioo
of the two houses, nor in any proceeding touching the choice of Presi-
dent or Vice-President, nor in the organization of either house of Con-
gress, nor speak or vote upon any question concerning the same.

'' Sec. 2. Congress shall provide by ]fkw the time and manner of choos-
ing the Senator, the Bepresentative or Bepresentatives, and the electors
authorized by this article." •

Petition of the Committee of One Hundred.

lCoDgT«88lonal Rcconl, ICay 18, 1880. No. 127.]

Mr. Blair : I present a petition signed by Dr. Bobert Bey bam, presi-
dent of the Committee of One Hundred, of the District of Colambia,and
various other members of the committee, representing the* aggregate
committee, in favor of so amending the Constitution of the United States
as to authorize the District of Columbia to be represented in Congress
and in the electoral college by men of their own choice. The petition
is addressed to the Senate and House of Bepresentatives, and as it is very
brief and the Committee of One Hundred of the District of Columbia
being the petitioners, I ask that it be printed in the Becord, and as the
matter has been reported upon and is now upon the Calendar, I move
that the petition lie upon the table.

There bemg no objection, the petition was ordered to lie on the table,
and to be printed in the Becord, as follows :

Memorial in favor of so amending* the Constitution of the United States
as to authorize the District of Columbia to be represented in Congress
and in the electoral college by men of their own choice.

To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States :

Your memoralists, on behalf of the Committee of One Hundred, a
committee composeU of delegates from citizens' associations in the Dis-
trict of Columbia, respectfully represent that the people of said I^istrict
are subjected to taxation without representation, and are dominated by
laws in whose enactment and execution they are not consulted. Under
the Constitution of the United States as it now is they have not and
can not have a vote in the legislature which makes their laws and im-
poses their taxes, nor in the college of electors which chooses their chief
executive officer, the President. Plainly they are not the people about
whom Mr. Webster was speaking ,in the Dorr Bebellion ci^se when h^
said :

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 3

"He who coDsiders that there may be, is, or ever has beeu, since the
DeclaratioD of IndepeDdence, any person who looks to any other source
of power in this country than the people must be out of his mind, even
more than Don Quixote. His (Don's) imagination was perverted. He
saw things not as they were, though what he saw were things. He saw
windmills, and took them to be giants, knights on horseback. This
was bad enough ; but whoever says or speaks as if he thought that
anybody looks to any other source of political power in this country
than the people must have a stronger and wilder imagination, for he
sees nothing but the creations of his own fancy. He stares at phan-
toms."

The people Mr. Webster was talking about were constitutional peo-
ple, "the people of the several States." Undoubtedly they are sover-
eign under our system of government. Nobody denies that. But the
trouble is, the District of Columbia is not a State within the meaning
of that term as used in the Constitution) and its people are not the peo.
pie of a State, and form no part of the governing body in the Bepublic-
They are subjects, not sovereigns, and have no political rights which
anybody is bound to respect.

It is this condition of enforced dependence of which they complain.
They are unable to see why they should be excluded from participation
in the General Government any more than the people of State capitals
should be excluded from participation in State governments. The prin-
eiple involved in the one case is the same as in the others; and your
memorialists have never heard of any harm coming to the States- by
reason of their allowing the people of t^ieir capitals to be represented
in their legislatures or to vote for their governors.

The fact is, the exclusion of the people of the national capital from
representation in Congress and in the electoral college is not only an
unfair discrimination against a large and intelligent community, but is,
as we think, wholly unnecessary — a needless reproach to Republican
institutions. There is nothing, so far as we can see, in the relation of
the States to their capital which should shut the doors of either House
of Congress against District representatives, or bar them from the col-
lego of electors. But before the doors can be opened or the bar let
down the Constitution must be amended ; and it is for the purpose of
requesting your honorable bodies to submit such amendment, either the
one now pending in the Senate or some other of like import, to the
legislatures of the several States for their consideration and action that
this memorial is offered. While denied all political rights, we suppose
the right of petition may be conceded to us, and this is our petition.
Very respectfully, etc.,

EOBEBT ReYBURN, M. D.,

President Committee of One Hundred.
Chas. B. Hovby.
Theodore L. De Land,
Chables King,
r. t. mobsell,
Jebemiah Wilt.
J. L. Fbenoh.
A. J. Curtis.

B. Mis. 4L 59

4 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIil REPRESENTATION.

PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION.

Whereas the people of the District of Columbia are subjected to tax-
atiou without re])reseiitatiou, contrary to a fundamental principle of all
I'ree goverumeut : Therefore,

Be it resolved by tJie Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled {ttco thirds of both Houses con-
curring)^ That the following article be proposed to the legislatures of
the several States as an amendment to the Constitution of the United
States, which, wlien ratified by three-fourths of said legislatures, shall
be valid as part of the Constitution, namely :

Aexicle XVI.

ECTiON 1. The District of Columbia shall be entitled to representa-
tion in the Congress of the United States by one Senator and by one or
more Representatives, according to the rule of api>ortionment established
by Article XIV of the Constitution. Said District shall also be entitled
to as many electors for President and Vice-President of the United
States as it has members of Congress.

Skc. 2. Congress shall }>rovide by law. the time and manner of ehoos<
iiig the Senator, the Representiitive or Eepresentatives, and the electors
authorized bj this article.

Petition of S» C. Clarke^ and many othersyfor mttnicipal governn^ent,

501 Stanton Pi*acb,

Washin^tonj July 29, 1890.

Sir : I have the honor to inclose herewith a petition of residents of
the District of Columbia and to request that it be formally submitted to
the Senate of the United States for consideration. The petitioners are
resjionsible and representative men — representing every quarter of the
city of Washington and Georgetown and Anacostia and Mt. Pleasant
and Le Droit Park and the county. They also represent all of the
learned professions — bankers, teachers, business men, artists, artisans,
mechanics, etc. They are earnest, thoughtful, determined men, with
mature and abiding faith in their honest convictions, and nearly, if
not entirely, permanent citizens and property -owners and tax-payers of
this District, and every man consulted on the subject has been ad\ised
of his option either to sign the petition or to remonstrate against it.

For your convenience and easy reference the petition and remon-
strance are forwarded in type and the original manuscript is held sab-
ject to your orders.

Very respectfully,

S. G. Clabkb.

Hon. Hbnby W. Bjlaib,

United IStates Senator^ Washingtonj D. C,

To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States:

We, your petitioners, residents of the District of Columbia, respect-
fully request that wo may have for the proper protection of person and
property iu tlifs District a municipal government, republican ia formy

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 5

in which good citizens may have some voice, and under which our rulers
Hhail be in some manner responsible to tiie people.
WAgJHiNGTON, D. C, May 5^ 1890.

S. G. Clarke, 501 Stanton Place; Josiah Millard, 530 Eighth
street northeast; Leonard Sargeant, 623 Maryland avenue
northeast; Evan H. Tucker, 100 F street northeast ; H. H.
Martin, 118 F street northeast; A. Girouard, 115 Tenth
street northeast : W. C. Dodge, 116 B street northeast ; Al-
len C. Chirk, 117 Seventh street northeast; A. P. Clark, jr.,
119 Sixth street northeast ; John Chester, 328 Massachusetts
avenue northeast; Louis A. Del wig, corner Massachusetts
avenue and Second street northeast ; Thomas Taylor, M. D.,
238 Massachusetts avenue northeast ; C. M. Clarke, 216 Fifth
street northeast ; M. I. Weller, 212 Sixth street southeast;
McDowell & Sons, North Capitol street and Massachusetts
avenue ; Samuel H. Walker, 420 B street northeast ; J. N".
Walker, 418 B street northeast ; R.T. Morsell, 456 Louisi-
ana avenue ; G. R. D. Mayne, 456 Louisiana avenue ; Theo-
dore L. De Land, 1912 Larch street, Lo Droit Park; D. T.
Jones, 637 B street northeast; William H. Barton, 336 B
street northeast ; II. W. Taylor, 100 Fifth street northeast ;
Hawkins Taylor, 56 B street northeast ; Charles B. Hovey,
125 Indiana avenue; Appleton P. Clark, 119 ^ixth street
northeast; James N.Jirdinstou, 1413 Corcoran street; Eob-
ert Bey burn, M. D., 2129 F street northwest ; Noble D. Lar-
ner, 643 Louisiana avenue; John Miller, 606 Pennsylvania
avenue and 324 Kew Jersey avenue southeast; George N.
Holland, 1500 H street northeast ; W. H. Gafford, Bladens-
burgroad ; S. A. H. McKim, M. D., 25 Fifth street southeast ;
H. M. Dexter, 726 Sixth street north west ; Charles A. Shields,
116 Fifth street northeast; Charles Allen, M. D., 1320 G
street northwest; Hiram Pitts, Auacostia, D. C. ; John B.
Herrell, 926 Pennsylvania avenue southeast ; S. Willard Sax-
ton, Kenesaw avenue, Mount Pleasant; A. C. liichards,
1009 Eighth street northwest; John Leitch, 1409 Thirty-
first street, Georgetown ; Charles King, 1315 Twelfth street
northwest; Columbus Alexander, 1647 Thirtieth street,
Georgetown ; William W. Whittlesey, 1012 C street south-
west ; Talbot C. Murray, 613 Second street northwest ; John
A. Duble, 319 Missouri avenue northwest; James Holmes,
corner First and B streets northwest; Lewis Holmes, 49 B
street northwest ; John Holmes, 35 E street northwest ; J.
H. Crane, 516 Second street northwest; J. H. Grossman, 730
Twelfth street northeast; George Wagner, 1224 F street
northwest; B. Mackall, The Shoreham, Fifteenth and H
streets northwest; Thomas B. Young, 469 Pennsylvania
avenue northwest ; Frederick S. Young, 204 E street north-
west ; William A. Johnson, 735 F street northwest.

We, the undersigned, are opposed to the foregoing proposition, and
hereby respectfully dissent therefrom.

C. H. Parker, 435 Four-and-a-half street southwest.

6 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

[Senate Mii». Doc., No. 12G. Fiftieth Congress, first seesion.]

Memorial of citizens,

Those politicians and Btatesmen who have bef-n the roost celebrated for the soundneM of tbeirprin-
oiples, and for tbo Jiistneas of thoir views, have declared in favor of a single executive. — FedentlUL
Ao. 69 (HamiUan).

A great principle, lying at the foundation of all free government, is that the legislative and excqi-
tive depiirtments shall be kept separate. — ifr. Justiee 3{Uler.

Taxation is uopArtof t)ie governing or legislative power. Taxes are the voliintarj giftor^ruit
of the commons alone. — William IHtt.

Political slavery is that state in which any community Is divested of the^wer of self-government,
and regulate<l by lawu to which its assent is not required and may not be given.— ^ToAn JSando^A.

Next to the equality of the States, and inclusive of it, is the system of l6cal government for local
purposes.—/!^. S. Cox.

The Commissioners could not do more toward bringing scandal upon the T)Lstriot and prefndlcixig its
interests before Congress and the country than by pressing toward anlocratio rale. — Wm. L. Wilton.

THE SEAT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

• _

111 October, 1783, the Congress of the Confederated States began to
discuss the question of a site for the national capital and to take into
consideration the many pecuniary and other inducements offered by
various States and cities, and the advantages of twenty different locali-
ties which were proposed, and continued the discussion without result
until September, 1788.

When the Constitution of the United States took effect in 1789, it
contained this provision among the enumerated powers of Congress,
namely :

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over snch district (not ex-
ceeding 10 miles sc|uare) as may, by cession of particular States and the acceptance
of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States.

Where this ** district'' should be located had to be determined, and
the Congress of the United States, sitting in New York, took up the
matter for consideration in May, 1789, and subsequently, July 16, 1790,
accepted a location on the banks of the Potomac Eiver as the result of
a compromise effected by Hamilton and Jefferson, representing, respect-
ively, the wishes of the Northern and Southern States/

The following is the original act of acceptance and location :

AN ACT for establisbiuf; the temporary and permaDent seat of the GoTermnent of the United

iStates.

Section 1. Be it enacted hy (he Senate and House of Bepresenialives of (he United Stain
of America in Congress asseinblcdf That a districtof territory, not exceeding ten miles
square, to bo locti4cd as hereafter directed on the Kiver Potoniao,'at some place be-
tween the uioiithe of the Eastern Hranch and Conocochegue, be, and the same is
hereby, accepted for the permanent seat of the Government of the United States:
Providedy mverthehssy That the operation of the laws of the State within snch diatriiJt
shall not be aflectcd by this acceptance until the time fixed for the removal of the
Government th<*r«^to, and until Congress sliall otherwise by law provide.

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted^ That the President of the United States be author-
ized to appoint, and, by supplying vacancies ha])pening from refusals to act or other
caiises, to keep in appointment as Ton^ as may be necessary three commissioners, who^
or any two of them, shall, under the direction of the President, survey and, by proper
metes and boumls, define and limit a district of territory under the limitations above
mentioned ; and the district so defined, limited, and locate<l shall be deemed the dis-
trict accepted by this act for the ]H;rmaneut seat^of the Government of the United
States.

Skc. 3. And he it [furtJier'] enacted, That the said commissioners, or any two of tbem,
shall have power to purchase or accept such quantity of land on the eastern side of
the said river, within the said district, as the President shall deem proper for the use
of the United States; and according to snch plans as the President shall approve,
the said commissioners, or any two of them, shall, prior to the first Monday m De-
cember, in the year one thousand ei^ht hundred, provide suitable buildings for the
accommodation of Congress, and of the President, and for the public oiBoes of the
Government of the United Slates.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 7

Sec. 4. And he it [furihw'] enacted, That for defraying the expeuse of such purchascii
and buildings the President of the United States be authorized and requested to ab-
cept grants of money.

HKC. 5. And heit [further'^ enacted, That prior to the first Monday in December nest
all offices attached to the seat of the Goverumont of the. United States shall be removed
to and, until the said first Monday in December, in the year one thousand eight huu-
dred, shall remain in the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania,^ at which
place the session of Congress next ensuing the present shall be held.

Sec. 6. And he it [/iiHAer] enacted. That on the said first Monday in December, in
the year one thousand eight hundred, the seat of the Government of tllor United States
shallL by virtue of this act^ be transferred to the district and place aforesaid, and nil
offlees attached to the said seat of Government shall accordingly be removed thereto
by their respective. holders, and shall, after the said day, cease to be exercised else-
where ; and that the necessary expense of such removal shall be defi'aye<l out of the
duties on imposts and tonnage, of whicha sufficient sum is hereby appropriated.

Approved, July 16, 1790.

This original act was sabsequently amended as follows :

Be it enaetfid hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assemhled, That so much of the act entitled *'An act for establishing the tem-
porary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States'^ as requires that
the whole of the district of territory, not exceeding ten miles square, to be located on the
River Potomac, for the permanent seat of the Government of the' United States, shall
be located above the mouth of the Eastern Branch, be and is hereby repealed, and that
it shall be lawful for the President to make any part of the territory below the said
limit, and above the month of Hunting Creek, a part of the said district, so as t^ in-
clude a convenient par^ of the Eastern Branch, and of the lands lying on the lower
side thereof, and also the town of Alexandria, and the territory so to be included shall
form a part of the district, not exceeding ten miles square, for the permanent seat of
the Government of the United States, in like manner and to all intents and purposes
as if the same had been within the purview of the above recited act : Provided, That
nothing herein contained shall authorize the erection of the public buildings other-
wise than on the Maryland side of the River Potomac, as required by the aforesaid
act.

Approved, March 3, 1791.

Maryland had already, in 1788, anthorized the cession of any district
in the State, not exceeding 10 miles square, which Congress might ac-
cept, and Virginia, in 178'^, had ceded any district within that State,
not exceeding 10 miles square, which Congress might accept, with the
qualification, however, that the jurisdiction of the laws of the State
over that portion ceded should not cease until Congress had provided
by law for the government thereof, under the proper provision of the
Constitution.

Maryland's act of cession was as follows :

Be it enacted hy the general assembly of Maryland, That the Representatives of this
State in the House of Representatives of the Congress of the United States, appointed
to assemble at New York on the tirst Wednesday of March next, be, and they are
hereby, anthorized and required, on behalf of this State, to cede to the Congress of
the United States any district in this State not exceeding ten miles square, which
Congress may fix upon and accept for the seatof Government of the United States.

Piissed the 2M December, 1788.

By a supplementary act, passed the 19th December, 1791, ratifying
the cession, the assembly

Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be so construed to vest in the United
States any right of property in the soil as to affect the rights of individuals therein
otherwise than the same shall or may be transferred by such individuals to the United
States.

The Virginia act of cession contained a similar provision.

In pursuance of these acts of Maryland and Virginia, Congress, on
July 16, 1790, authorized the President to appoint three commissioners
to locate a territory of 10 miles square between the mouths of the East-
ern Branch and the Conocochegue, which Is a branch of the Potomac
River above Harper's Ferry.

8 DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

Tbis act of July 10, 1790, also provided tbat the operation of tlie
laws of the respective ceding States shoukl not be aflFected by the ces-
sion until the date of roinoval of the Government thereto on the first
Monday of December, 1800, ''or nntil Congress shall otherwise by law
provide."

The boundaries first laid out by the commissioners were not satis-
factory, and Congress, on March 3, 1791, amended the former act, and
authorized a location —

below the Eastern firancli, aud above tbe month of Hunting Creek, so as to include
a convouient part of the Eastern Branch aud the lands lying on the lower side thereof,
and also the town of Alexandria —

and a new location of the boundaries was made by the comiDissioners,
which existed until the Virginia portion was receded in 1846, and re-
mains as to the boundaries of the ])ortion ceded by Maryland, which
hds since that date constituted the District of Columbia.

President Wnshington, by proclamation of March 30, 1791, annonnced
the boundaries as Anally settled by the commissioners.

On April 19, 1791, the President contracted with the principal owners
of the land upon which he had determined to establish the capital civy,
and these proprietors conveyed, by deeds dated June 29, 1791, these
lands to trustees, to be by them conveyed to the <'.ommissiouers, who
had, under the act authorizing their appointment, tlie power to purchase
or accept lands for the site of the capital city within the District, to
make plans for the city subject to the approval of the President, and to
provide public buildings. To defray sucl\ expenses the President was
authorized and requested to iiccept grants of money.

The territory designated for this site of the capital had the little vil-
lages of Hamburgh and Carrollburgh upon it, and certain lot-owners in
these villages, as well as a few other small proprietors, would not sell
their lauds, and so the State of Maryland was called upon for legishi-
tion. Accordingly Maryland, by act of December 19, 1791, ceded form-
nlly its part of the territory of Columbia as finally located, reserving
jurisdiction of law over the same " nntil Congress shall by law provide
lor the government thereof in accordance with the provisions of the
Constitution," and provided for the condemnation of the lands before
mentioned, whose owners, "from imbecility and other causes," would
not sell ; for the recording of deeds within the ceded territory; for a
mechanic's lien upon houses to be erected iy the capital city; and au-
thorized the commissioners to make regulations concerning wharves,
the building of houses, and the sale of spirituous liquors; and directed
a loan of $72,000 to be i)aid at once for the use of the new city.

By the deed of the proprietors of the land the trustees were obliged
to convey to the commissioners, for the use of the United States, for-
ever, all the streets, and such of the squares, parcelr, and lots as the
President should deem proper for the use of the United States. Tiie
residue of the lots were to be divided equally; one-half was to be re
conveyed to the original projirietors, and the other half was to be con-
veyed to the United States, to be sold at such times and upon such
terms as the President might direct, and the proceeds of the sales of
the Government lots were to be apjdied to the erection of public build-
ings and the improvement of streets.

Even before the complete acquisition of the land for the capital city
it had be( n laid out in its princii)al features by UBnfant, a French engi-
neer, and the commissioni^is began in October, 1791, to sell the public
lots. L'Enfant went on and coni[)leted his plans, and Washington suIh

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 9

luitted the same to Congress on December 13, 1791. Subsequently
L'Enfant was dismissed, and Mr. Elliott completed, with sonio raodiii-
cations, the plan for the city of Washington substantially as it now
exists.

Thus the year 1791 may be assigned as the date of the birth of the
District of Columbia, as then the territory had been accepted and des-
ignated, the city of Washington had been laid out and named, and
monidy had been provided to some extent to commence the work of
building.

BUILDING OF THE CAPITAL CITY.

The plan of the city was designed upon a magnificent scale. It cov-
ered 7,161 aeres, divided as follows :

Acres.

Taken by tbe GoverDoient for streets^ avenues, and alleys ^ 3, 604

Taken by the Govern men t for public reservations and buildings 541

Ta ken by tbe Go veruineut 10, 11%} lots donated to the Government 1, 508

Total taken by the Government 1 5, ii^

10,130 lots conveyed to their original proprietors 1,508

7, 101

The 541 acres selected for public reservations were to be paid for at
$GG.G6 per acre, and the money to make the payment was obtained by
the sale of lots donated by the citizens. The 3,064 acres taken by
streets and avenues were also a free gift from, the citizens to the Gov-
ernment; so that the United States did not pay a cent for any of the
land.

It will bo noticed that more than one-half of the entire area was to be
used for streets, avenues, and alleys; a proportion without parallel in
other cities before or since. " This was a fn e gilt to the Government.
The 541 acres taken for public reservations and buildings were to be
paid for at the rate of $66.66 per acre, but as this land was paid for
out of the proceeds of the sales of lots which had been donated to the
Government, it will be seen that the Government paid nothing for five-
sevenths of the entire area of the city of Washington.

Upon this ample apace the Government proposed a capital city which
should meet the wants and respond to the pride of the country for
all time.

The following, from the Philadelaphia Herald of January, 1795, indi-
cates the popular sentiment of that day :

To fonnd a city for the purpose of making it the depository of the acts of the Union,
and the sanctuary of tbe laws which must one day rule all North America, is a grand
and comprehonsivo idea, which hasalroady become with propriety the object of public
respect. The city of Washington, considered under such important points of view,
could not be calculated upon a small scale ; the disposition oi its avenues and public
squares should all be compared with the magnitude of the objects for which it was
intended, and we need only cast our eyes upon the situation and the plan of tbe city
to recognize in them the comprehensive genius of the President, to whom the direc-
tion of the business has been committed by Cougress.

In a Senate report of later date (1835) the following statement is
made:

The plan of the city was formed by the public authorities; the dimensions of the
streets determined by them, without interference by the inhabttunts, or regard to
their particular interest or convenience. It is a plan calculated for the magniticent
capital of a great nation ; but oppressiv*, from it-s very d i men .si on s- and arrangements,
to the inhabitants, iflts execution to any considerable extent is to be thrown u^on

10 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

thcui. No people who anticipated the excculiou and Bnbsequent snpport of it oat of
their own fnnda wonld ever have dreuiued of forming such a plan. It would hare
been the most consummate folly. At that period neither the Govei-nment nor the pro-
prietors anticipated that the whole, or even a large proportion, of the burden shouM
he thrown upon the inhabitants of the city. (Mr. SonthanVs report, second session
Twenty- third Congress.)

It was understood at the time tbe capital citj was planned that tbe
General Governmeut was to open and improve the streets, as is shown
by various acts of Congress and by the correspondence of Washiugtoii
and Jefiterson with the commissioners, it beiog supposed that from the
proceeds of the sales of its city lots by the Government a fund would
be raised sufficient for the erection of the public buildings and the im-
provement of the streets, this fund being carried on the books of tbe
commissioners as the ''city fund.^ Washington, in a letter to the
commissioners of December 14, 1795, says :

When you are in a situation to begin the opening of the avenues, it is to be pre-
sumed that those which will be mofe immediately useful will be first cleared.

Jefferson writes to them August 29, 1801 :

I consider the erection of the Representatives' Chamber and the making a good
gravel road from the new bridge on Kock Creek along Pennsylvania and Jersey ave-
nues to the Eastern Brauch the most important object>s for insuring the destinies of
the city which can, be undertaken.

And in his message to Congress, January 11, 1801, he speaks of the lots
as being sufficient to meet certain demands and ^' insure a considerable
surplus to the city, to be employed for its improvement,^ and suggested
that the sale of the lots be not forced beyond the demand for them, lest
** the residuary interest of the city be entirely lost."

When Congress in 1790 had directed the commissioners to have the
Capitol, the President's House, and the Department buildings ready
for occupancy in December, 1800, it had made no appropriation for
that purpose. Under authority '' to accept grants of money" the Pivsi-
dent accepted from Virginia $120,000 and from Maryland $72,000, which
those States had agreed, in 1790, to advance for the erection of the
public buildings. In 1792 the President, after the close of the public
sale in October, authorized the commissioners to sell at private sale
any of the lots donated, and in December, 179J, they sold 6,000 of the
lots to Greenleaf & Morris. As, however, the sums thus realized were
not sufficient to complete tbe buildings, Congress, by act of May 6,
1796, authorized the commissioners to borrow $300,000, and to pletlge
the remaining lots as security, and out of the proceeds to pay the
'* original proprietors any balances due to them.'-

The commissioners were unable to borrow this amount, but finally
succeeded in getting $200,000 from the State of Maryland in United
States 6 per cent, bonds at par upon the security formerly offered and
their own personal bonds for double the amount. These bonds were
converted into money at the rate of 65 per cent,, and netted $130,873.41 —
a most significant indication of the poverty of the country and tbe low
estimate of the permanence of republican institutions. These funds
were not sufficient, and in February, 1800, $50,000 moi-e of bonds were
borrowed by the commissioners from the State of Maryland, upon the
same security as the previous bonds, and from the sale of these bonds
the sum of $40,488.96 was realized. By means of all these sources of
revenue the commissioners managed to have the public buildings in a
greater or less degree of completion, and a city with some of the streets
opened through the^ trees and over the swamps and barely passable,
when in 1800 the Government formally established its headquarters at
Washington.

DI8TBICT OF COLUMBIA BEPRE8ENTATI0N. 11

THE FUTURE GOVEENMEOT OF THE DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA AS UN-
DERSTOOD AT AND SOON AFTER THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITU-
TION,

Tbe article of the Oonstitation referring to this particular was very
general in its terms, and there were qnjestions as to tbe precise way in
which Congress, if it saw fit, shonld or would exercise the power of
" exclusive legislation.''

Madison's opinion of the meaning and mode of action of the article is
found in the " Federali«t," No. XLIII :

And as it is to be appropriated to this nse with the oonsent of the State cediug it;
as tbe State will do doubt provide in the compact for the rij^hts and the consent of
the cttizeus inbabitating it ; as the inhabitants will find sufficient inducement's of in-
terest to become willing parties to the cession ; as they will have had their voice in
tbe election of the government which is to exercise anthority over them ; as a munic-
ipal legislature for local purposes, derived from their own suffrages, will of course
be allowed them : and as Ihe authority of the legislature of the State and the inhabi-
tants of the ceded part of it, to concur in the cession, will be derived from tbe whole
people of the State in their mloptiou of tbe Constitution, every imaginable objection
seems to be obviated.

In February, 1803, resolutions providing for the retrocession of the
District to its original States were discussed in Congress in Committee
of tbe Whole House. The reasons urged for retrocession were these :

(1) That exclusive jurisdiction is not necessary nor useful to the
Government.

(2) That it deprived the inhabitants of the District of their political
rights.

(3) That much of the time of Congress was spent in legislating for
the District.

(4) That the government of the District is expensive.

(5) The incompetency of Congress to legislate for the District, because
its members are strangers to its local interests.

(6) This is an example of a government without representation ; an
experiment dangerous to the liberty of the States.

• The reasons urged in reply were these :

(1) That the usefulness and probable necessity of exclusive jurisdic-
tion might be inferred from the experience of the Congress of the Con-
federation.

(2) That the D istrict, when sufficiently populous, would have a rep-
resentative in Congress, and in the mean time a local legislature.

In this discussion many gentlemen of note took part, and extracts
from their arguments are reported as follows :
Mr. Hnger, of South Carolina :

He looked forward to the period when the inhabitants, from their number and
riches, wonld be entitled to a representative on this floor. And with respect to their
local concerns, when they grow more numerous and wealthy, there would be no diffi-
culty in giving them a territorial legislature.

Mr. Dennis, of Maryland :

By exclusive legislation, he understood the exclusion to the States of all participa-
tion in legislation. Ho thought the situation of Congress in relation to the people of
this territory was not sufficiently understood. He knew that it was always trouble-
some to legislate for any people. He foresaw these inconveniences when they re-
moved to this place. He thought then, as he thought now, that some legislative
government must be provided for the District. In this opinion he had never varied,
but had, from successive events, become more confirmed in its accuracy.

Mr. Bacon, of Massachusetts :

But the words of the Constitution are not imperative; they do not say that Con-
gress shall exercise exolasive jnrisdiction over the places thns ceded by the States.

12 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

Mr. Eastis, of Massachusetts :

Ho acknowledged the difficulties of legislating for the t'Cmtory. Bat it was a daty
which they could uot forego, uuril the goverument of the people was proYided forio
some other way; and that, he thought, should he hy au internal legislature.

Mr. Yarnnm, of Massachusetts :

Bat, when he considered that Congress were appointed to legislate on great oliject^
and not on minute local coucerns, he did not think them competent to legislate for
the persons situated in the territory of Colunihia.

Mr. Southanl, of New Jersey :

But ho looked forward to the time as not distant when they would have the right
of governing themsolvcH through a territorial legislature.

Mr. Eaudolph, of Virginia:

The term slavery, sir, excites in the mind of man an odious idea. There are, how-
ever, various s])ecies of this wretched condition. Domestic slavery, of all others the
moat oppressive, and political slavery, which has heen well defined to 1>e that state in
which any couiniunity is divested of the power of self-go vera men t and regulated by
laws to which its assent is not required and may not he given. This species of govent-
ment is on experiment how far freemen can he reconciled to live witboat rights; a&
experiment dangerous to the liberties of these Stat/cs.*

To attempt to legislate for the District was in effect to constitute the chuinnaa of
the Gonmiittee, or at any rate the committee itsolf, on the affairs of the territory, the
Solon or Li^nrgus of the ])lace. It was well known that the indolence of theotlK^r
uuMiibei'8 or their iudifTerence, insepcarahle from the situation in which they were
placed, would )>revent Cougress from legislating with a full understanding of tb»3 ob-
jects before them. He therefore thought it expedient to retrocede all the territory,
exceptiug the city of Washington.

This disposition of the territory would leuve entirely untouchoil the question which
arose from the interest of individuals who had made purchases of property under the
faith of Congress retaiuing the jurisdiction. It is probable that, in sach eveuc. a
corporation might be established in the city that would answer the ends of govern
ment, without two-thirds of the time of the natiotial legislature being consumed

Congress gave a practical coustraction to the articles of the Oonsti
tution by rejecting the resolutions of recession and by making no change
in the government for the city of Washington est^iblished the year lie-
fore (1802).

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS PROVIDED BY GONaRESS.

Congress had to meet the qnestion of fche government of the District
as soon as it got fairly settled in its new quarters. Everything had been
going along in the same sort of fashion for t^n years, from the date of
the acceptance of the territory until that time. The District embraced
the city of Alexandria, organized as such in 17485 and Georgetown,
organized in 1789, each with the usual charter and an elective form
of government. There were besides these the local governments of
the counties of Montgomery and Prince George's, which embraced
tbe portion of the territory acquired from Maryland, and Fairfax, wbi<h
included the Virginia portion of the District outside of Alexandria, and
all the District was thus under the laws either of Maryland or of Vir
ginia.

Congress adopted and supplemented these laws by act of February
27, 1801, by dividing the District into the counties of Alexandria and
Washington; establishing a circuit court in the District; contiuning
the laws of Maryland and Virginia where they had existed ; providing

"Prof. John Fislie, in the March numb<*rof the Atlantic, 1888, writing about the
hegiuningHof the Auierican lievohitinu, says: " From all the hiHtory of the Enro[H$aii
world since the later days of the Roman Republic there is no more important lesson
to he learneii than this, that it is impossilde lor a free peoph^ to gowrii :i dependent
people despotically wiihont endangering its own freedom. "

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 13

for justices of the peiice to be appointed by the President ; creating an
orpbans' court and register of wilJs in each conntj' ; and especially by
declining to alter, itni)each, or impair the corporation rights of Alexan-
dria and Georgetown.

Directly afterwards, on March 3, 1801, Congress passed a supplement-
ary act, giving to the circuit court certJiin powers of appointment of
officers before vested in the levy courts of Virginia and Maryland, and
creating a new levy court for the county of Washington.

The city of Washington was incorporated for two years on May 3,
1802, with a charter providing for a mayor, to be appointed by the Pres-
ident, and a council of two chambers ; the entire council of twelve to
be elected by free white tax-paying citizens of full age, and one cham-
ber to be elected by the whole botly of couucilmen, and the council had
certain limited powers of local legislation.

The triple-headed management of the public grounds and buildings
having failed to give satisfaction. Congress, in May, 1802, abolished tlio
three commissioners provided for in the original act of location, and sub-
stituted therefor one superintendent, and subsequently, in 1816, this
superintendent was succeeded by a single commissioner of public build-
ings and grounds, who has to this day substantially the same powers
and duties then provided for.

Neither the original three commissioners, nor their successors in of-
flj-e, had any governmental duties to perform.

In 1803 Congress fixed the salary of the superintendent, and appro
priated $50,000 for the repair of public buildings and the highway be-
tween the Capitol and other public buildings.

Borne of the Representatives seem to have become wearied at the
legislation called for in behalf of the District, and at the next session
the resolutions for recession before referred to were introduced. Alter
the failure of these an ettbrt seems to have been made in the way of
relief by the enlargement of the charters of the District cities.

In 1804 Congress amended the charter of Alexandria, especially in
the qualifications of the voters for municipal officers, who should be free
white males of full age, freeholders and tax-payers; and in 1805 amended
the charter of Georgetown, making all free tax-paying white men of
full age voters for all municipal officers.

In 1804 the charter of Washington was continued for fifteen years
longer, with an increase in the number of the council to eighteen, and
enlarging considerably the scope of the legislative functions.

By act of May 4r, 1812, tbe charter of Wasbington was further changed,
with enlarged iM)wers of legislatipn in the council, and by act of May
15, 1820, it was still further extended, with increased powers of legis-
lation, tlie niayor being then made electiv'c. In 1846 the Virginia por-
tion.of the District was ceded back to its original State.

Tbe act of May 17, 1848, eularged the legislative powers of the cor-
poration of Washington, and i)rovided :

That every free wliite iiialti citizen of tbe Unitod States, wbo sliull bave attaiued
tbe age of twonty-oue yearn, aiul sliall bave resided in tbe city of Wasbington one
year immediately preceding ib<j tlay of eb^ction, and shall be a resident of tbe ward
in wbicb be shall offer to votf, and shall have h. en i-etnrned on tbe books of tbe cor-
poration dnring tbe j-ear ending the Ibirty iirsfc of December next preceding the day
of election as subject to a scliool tax for that Vi^ar (except persons won compos mentis,
vagrant-8, panpers, or persons who shall have b»en convicted of any infaraons crime),
and who shall bave ])aid the school taxes, and all taxes on personal property dne
jimni bim, siiall be entitled to vote, etc.

By the act of January 8, 18G7, the right of snft'rage was extended so
as to include all male citizens, ^' witbout any distinction on account of

14 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

color or race,'' and wiUioat requiring the payment of a school tax or
tax on personal property.

Of these local governments Mr. Justice Story, in his Commentaries
on the Constitution, section 1223, says :

la poiut of fact, the corporations of the three cities (Washington, G^oigetown, and
Alexandria) within its limits possess and exercise a delegated power of legitlatioo
under their charters, ^[ranted by Congress, to the full extent of their manicipal waati,
without any constitutional scruple, or surmise, or doubt.

Thus it would seem that the power " to exercise exclusive legislation
in all cases " over the District of Columbia was given to CongreB8 in
the Constitution for the purpose of establishing beyond question tbe
sovereign right of the General Oovernment to protect and maintaiD
itself in its capital ; that it was not made the duty of Congress to use
this power, and it was not intended that Congress should use it, beyoiid
the extent necessary to accomplish the purposes named ; and that from
1802 to 1871 the practical manner in which Congress aid exercise its
exclusive power was to intrust the control of the District largely to its
voters, a mayor being the executive, and a council the legislature for
municipal purposes, of its cities.

HOW THE TRUST WAS EXECUTED BY THE PBOPLE.

During this period of actual self-government the cities of Washing-
toil and Georgetown and the county of Washington contracted a debt
of $3,105,067.85, which was the entire incumbrance when the govern-
ment assumed the territorial form.

Prior to 1835, as appears by a report of the committee of the Senate,
the citizens of the District had expended for local improvements tbe
sum of $430,000, and the United States the sum of $209,000 for similar
purposes. At that date, also, as appears from the same report, the
^property which had been given by the citizens toJ;he United States was
valued at about $2,500,000.

In explanation, it should be stated that the General Government
had in the beginning but a slender revenue, the gross income for tbe
first two and three-fourths years being only $4,771,343.53, or about tbe
amount it now receives in as many days ; while the inhabitants of the
District, in their anxiety to help build up the capital city, assumed
burdens and incurred expenses '^ which,'' so says the Senate report,
" did not appropriately belong to them."

Between the dates of 1835 and 1871, it is understood that the sums
raised by citizens from taxation and expended upon local improve-
ments were greatly in excess of the moneys appropriated by Congress
for the same purposes.

In the war of 1812, the citizens of the District paid a direct tax of
$20,000, and raised besides a voluntary fund of $5,000 and placed it at
the disposition of the President for the defense of the capital.

When the Capitol was burned by the English soldiers, the citizens of
the District fitted up a building for the use of Congress, the bankers of
the District offered a loan of $500,000 to rebuild the public buildings, and
the Pi'esident was authorized by Congress to accept the same. For the
late war the District paid a direct tax of $49,437.33, and the 15 per cent
refunded to many of the States has never been refunded to the District.

Since 1862 the citizens of the District have paid $6,454,907.03 in in-
ternal-revenue taxes, or an average annually of a quarter of a million
of dollars. The amount of these taxes paid by citizens of the District
during the last fiscal year exceeded the amount paid by either of the

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 15

foUo^iDf]^ seven States, namely: Alabama, Arkan'las, Maine, Missis-
sippi, Kevada, South Carolina, and Vermont.*

Dnring the war of 1812 and the war with Mexico the District fur-
nished its full share of soldiers.

Dnring the late war the District furnished its full quota.of soldiers
and 18^ per cent, in excess of the same, surpassing in that respect all
but one of the States.

Up to the date of the territorial government the citizens had made
commendable progress in the creation of public schools, of police, health,
and fire departments, in sewerage, in opening and improving and light-
ing the streets, and had at all times manifested a proper degree of
public spirit, guided by general intelligence.

NO LANDS FOR DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SCHOOLS.

It is proper to add here that the late war brought into the District
great numbers of unedncated freedmen, for whom Congress compelled
the District to open and maintain schools as largely as for the white
children, as well as to educate the children of the great influx of Gov-
ernment employes who paid no taxes here, and this, too, in face of the
fact that not an acre was ever given to the District of the 90,000,000
acres of public lands given to the States for educational purposes, or of
the l/)5,000,000 acres of public lands given away for railroads and in-
ternal improvements* and no part of the many .acres called <* swamp
lands" given outright to the States; and not a dollar of the $28^000,000
divided in 1836 among the States came to the District of Columbia.

TEBBITOBIAL GOVERNMENT.

The earlier form of municipal government for Washington City and
tlie Georgetown and county levy court organizations continued until
the act of February 21, 1871, when all were abolished and a territorial
government established, with a governor, secretary, board of health, a
board of public works, and a council of eleven members constituting
one branch of the legislature, all appointed by the President and con-
firmed by the Senate, and a Delegate to Congress, and a lower branch
of the legislature of twenty-two members elected by manhood suffrage,
practically unlimited.

In this new form of government the board of public Works, of whom
the governor was president, had almost exclusive executive and large
legislative powers in the way of municipal regulations, with certain
powers of assessment of taxes and disbursement of moneys, and the
legislative assembly had certain limited legislative powers.

COMMISSIONER GOVERNMENT.

The territorial form of government was abolished by act of June 20,
1874, and a temporary form of government established, in which, under

•District of Colnmbia $142.17-2.10

Alabama 78,542,76

Arkansas 07,630.38

Mississippi 42.608.14

Nevada 70,419.50

Sfiuth Carolina 100,146.85

Vermont 30,119.75

This is to 1888. Figaros since that time not available.

16 DISTRICT OP' COLUMBIA REPRESENT ATION-

certaiii limiUtions, ^U the execative and legislativoiuiictions which had
been exercised by the territorial government were coaiinitted to three
eomraiasioners, to be apt>ointed at large by the President and con tinned
by the Senate. An engineer oflBcer of the Army was to be detailed to
have the oversight of engineering work, under the direction of Iheoom-
missioners.

The reivson commonly assigned for this change in the goveromeot was
that the board of public works, who were appointed b3^ the President
and paid by the United States, luul incurred a large debt by extra?a-
gant and unauthorized expenditures, mainly, however, upon Govern-
ment i)roperty, viz*, streets, avenues, and sewers. This debt-, thus
created by officers of the United States mainly upon property of the
United States, amounted to about. $25,000,000, although, as appears
by a report of the Secretary of the Treasury in 1878, the citizens of the
liistnct had, reckoning from the beginning up to 1878, paid aboat
$20,000,000 in taxes and the United States had expended $6,000,000 in
appropriations, all mainly lor the improvement of the proiierty of the
Unite<l States. The citizens had also raised and expended about
$25,000,000 more for the support of the local government.

THE SO-CALLED DISTRICT DEBT.

As already stated, the aggregate debt created during the long
period of popular self-'government in the District, 1802 to- 1871, was
$3,105,007.85. The present debt was created under a different system.
In the words of a Senate minority report in 1877 :

At the end of six ycAxm only of a govornment irresponsible to the people the pablic
(lcl)t amount 8 to ?i^'2r),OO0,000 — more than one- fourth of the itosessed valuation of the
property of the iJistiLct. Meanwhile, $13,000,000 have been assessed a^ special taxes
(on the'property of the eitizens), ijilO,000,000 have been assessed as general taxes (»!*),
on the pn>perty of the citizens), and Congress has appropriated 16,000,000. Deduct-
ing the original indebtedness, we tind the enormous sum of $50,000,000 as the net
expenditure of six years' government by officera ** appointed by the President and
confirmed by the Senate." Of this vjwt sum not less than $40,000,000 ai*e chargeable
to *' improvements."

And t:hi8 does not include a foot of the 32 miles of asphalt pavement,
nor tlie bif^c Bonntlary sewers, all of which have been constructed and
paid for since.

It will thus be seen that popular self-government is responsible for
no part of this enormous debt — greater, it is believed, in proportion to
popuhition and means than that of any State or other municipality in
the United States — except the original three millions and the four mill-
ion loan, or seven millions in all, as the people of the District had no
voice in creating the balance of the debt.

If the General Government were now to assume the payment of the
remainder of this debt, amounting to $20,612,450, it would be doing no
more than to e<iualize the amount expended by it and the inhabitants
of the District from the beginning.

It now takes about one-third of the total annual revenues of the Dis-
trict to pay the interest and sinking fund on the debt, and this heavy
drain not only cuts oft' much needed street improvements, but it restricts
over eleven thousand school-children to half-day schools for want of a
sufticient number of school houses. That is, one schoolroom has to be
used for two schools, one school occupying it in the morning and the
other in the evening.

DISTRICT OF COLUMHIA KEPKESENTATION. 17

THE PBESENT GOVERNMENT.

The local government was again changed by act of June 11, 1878, tb
its present form, the change being mainly in requiring two of the Com-
missioners to be residents and the third Commissioner to be an officer
of the Engineer Corps of the Army.

At the same time the United States engaged to pay h proportion of
the expenses connected with the local government commensurate with
the value of its property as compared with the value of all other prop-
erty, or practically one-hali of the annual expense, and all moneys re-
ceived were to be deposited iu the Treasury of the United States, to be
used only as aippropriated by Congress, and all payments were to be
paid by Treasury warrants.

This was done because the peculiar character of the plan of the city
of Washington and its relations to the General Government were such
that it would be impossible, as well as unjust, for the private property
to pay the interest on the debt and put and maintain the entire District
of Cohimbia in such state of i)erfection as the natural pride of" the
country would demand.

These Commissioners appoint all minor officers, have large legislative
powers in the matter of municipal regulations, and full executive poVv-
ers to carry out the same, and the people of the District have no power
or voice in the-matter, or in the selection of any officer, or in the valua-
tion of their property, or in the taxation of expenditures of moneys
paid by them, and their wants and wishes need not bo consulted.

MAGNITUDE OF THE WORK OF THE COMMISSIONERS.

The District has a population of (estimatod) 350,000

A valuation of property of , ^38,695,378

Composed of real estate owned by citizens' Ill, 744, 8:W

Personal property owned by citizens 10,943,458

Property owned by the District 2,308,772

Property exempt from taxation - 6,578,634

Propoi'ty owned by the United States (excluding streets and avenues) .. 107, 119, 684

And this is exclusive of the personal property owned by the United
States, which amounts to a large sum.

Amount paid by citizens in taxes, licenses, etc., for 1887 $2,374,914.53

Total revenues disbursed in 1886-'87 4,002,398.54

It has public buildings numbering 570

Number of teachers in public schools 654

Number of scboLirs enrolled 35,000

Ithas of streets, iu miles •- « 233.62

Mile8.

Of which there are paved with concrete 69. 64

Paved with granite blocks .' 21.50

Paved with cobble and broken stone 12.73

Maca<]amized 8.18

Graveled 36.66

Old wood pavements 77

Unimproved and mostly unopened 84.08

Total t... 2:W.62

Of country roads 116

A fire department of 7 steam fire-engines, 2 ladder-trucks, 8 hose- reels,
and a force of 101 paid men, a i)olice force of 325 officers and employds
of different gr.ides. In population it exceeds each of the Territories
except Dakota, and the States of Oregon, Nevada, and Delaware.

S. Mis. 237 2

18 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

lu valuation of property it surpasses either of the States of Colorado,
Delaware, Florida, Nevada, and Oregon.

It comes, then, to this, tnat at the present time three gentlemen, one
of them by education and previous employment quite unfitted for the
performance of any duties except those connected with engineering,
are called upon to administer not only the affairs of a rural but w^-
settled territory, containing suburban villager, but in addition the
more complex and delicAte demands of a large city with its various
questions of schools, streets, sewers, water, health, police, protection
against fire, building and plumbing regulations, licenses of all sorts,
valuation and taxation of property, disbursement of moneys, appoint-
ment of ofiicers, and, in addition to all these matters, the still more deli-
cate and arduous duties connected with the alteration of municipal reg-
ulations and the framing of new ones.

And all this in the show city of the country.

Occupied as they are, these gentlemen are of necessity unable to make
themselves acquainted either with the wishes or the needs of the citi-
zens at large, except as may be made known to them by employ^ anx-
ious mainly to please their chiefs, or by self constituted advisers who
advise largely for personal advantage.

WRONG IN PRINGIPLB.

The Executive is a law-maker in the District of Columbia.

It is wrong in principle that the ofiicers who execute the laws should
be thcL very persons who make the laws.*

Having the power to inake the laws, the same persons have the power
to unmake or waive them, or to decline or neglect to enforce them, and,
if need be, to make and unmake them, and to change them every day/
and are therefore above and superior to the law. If they make good
laws the effect of them is mischievous because of the uncertainty of
their duration ; and any one who knows and relies upon the law of to-
day can have no reliance that the law will be the same to-morrow, and
therefore can not know what he may or may not do; and if they make
bad laws, then, in addition to the feeling of uncertainty as to their dura-
tion, there is the sense of personal wrong and injury and of oppres-
sion on the part of those to whom the laws apply.

It is fundamental to the constitution of society that the laws should be
settled and permanent in character, and not lightly o^hastily changed,
or indeed changed at all, except when it becomes so obnoxious that
there is a general demand for the cbange, or it ceases by common con-
sent to be enforced or obeyed and thus becomes obsolete.

It is no answer to these^ propositions that the Commissioners only
make municipal regulations under certain limitations imposed by Con-
gress, the higher power. The^e very municipal regulations are the
laws which touch the citizen most nearly, and are upon and around him
all the time and afiect his daily life and business and family. Neither
is it an answer that these statements are fanciful, and that the Com-
missioners have not made and annulled regulations or changed or
waived them with or without previous notice.

•Edward Gibbon, tbe historian, in a letter on tbe Government, of Berne, says:
*| ThiH conncil (of JiOO persons) is invested with the exeentive as well as the legis-
lative power, two br^vnches of authority which can never be noited witbont render-
ing each of them too formidable to the subject."

Mr. Justice Miller, in a late address, declares that the separation of the legislative
and executive departments is a principle lying at the foundation of all free govern-
ment.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 19

Your memorialists assert that it has beeu a well known practice of
the Commissioners to repeal old municipal regulations to make new
and different ones in place of them ; to revive musty and obsolete ordi-
nances ; to change regulations directly after their pnblicati9n, and to
waive or fail to enforce them in special case« ; in fact, to make that which
was law today no law tomorrow, and law again the day after, and to
waive, if need be, the enforcement of the law.

Your memorialists do not make these statements by way of censure
of the Commissioners, but by way of complaint of the system, as it is
certain that if the present incumbents are displaced by others, their
successors, by reason simply of the faulty character of the plan of ad-
ministration, would act in precisely the same way, and indeed could not
be expected to act in any other way.

The present local government is faulty in another respect.

All governments, to be just and stable, as we agree in this country,
must rest upon the nnbought consent of the governed, and thus be in
accord with their wishes and wants. But in this District the governed
can not make known their want of consent by overturning the govern-
ment and putting another in its place, as they can in every other por-
tion of the United States.

Here in this District the consent of the governed has never beeu
asked, and many Senators and Representatives seem to have taken it
for granted that the few residents with whom they most frequently
come in social contact represent the people who live here.

Your memorialists do not admit that those residents who appear to
prize a reduction of their own taxes more highly than the right of self-
government do represent the people of the District* Waiving t^iis
matter of consent as not obligatory upon Congress, it is still insisted
that the Commissioners have not had, do not have, and can not have
any special knowledge of the wishes or wants of the citizens. No blame
is attached to them in this respect, because it is a fault simply of the
form of government, and not of the Commissioners personally.

Admit that they clesire to know and conform as far as possible to the
wants and wishes of the citizens, they can not do so.

Indeed, if they desire to do so they have no time in the pressing
nature of their daily duties to (father to any extent from the citizens
themselves information of what ought to be done, and accordingly have
to rely upon employes of their own, who ex officio have always roseate
views of the perfection of the present, or largely upon such iiersons as
intend to make their advice valuable to themselves.

The present local government is faulty in the number of its Commis-
sioners.

The plurality of the executive lends to deprive the people of the two greatest se-
curities thej can have for the faithful exercise of any delegated power:

Firsts the restraints of public opinion, which lose their efficacy as well on account
df Ihe division of the censure attendant on bad measnres among a number as on :ic-
connt of the uncertainty on whom it ought to fall ; and Becond^ the opportunity'of

* Mr. Bancroft, in the 7th volumQof his History of the United States, page HI, sums
up a similar state of things in New York in 1774, showing on what lines the people
divided in those days :

•*Thus began the conflict of two parties," says the historian, "which were, to in-
crease in importance and spread Ihroughout the country. The one held to what was
established, and made changes only from necessity ; Ihe other welcomed reform, and
went out to meet it. The one anchored on men of property, the other on the mans of
the people; the one mildly, loving liberty, was ever anxious for order; the other,
tirmly attached to order which it never doubted its powers to maintain, was anxious
only for freedom ; the one distrusted the multitude as capable of rashness, the other
suspected the few as at heart the enemies to popular power.''

6f« mis. 4 — ^^

20 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

<1ifeiCovcriDg with facility anil clearness the misconduct of the persons tbej trait, in
order either to their removal from office or to their actnal panishmentin eases whicb
admit of it. (Federalist, No. 69.)

Every student of American history knows that the assaults apoo ibt
rights uf the colonies, which led to the dismemberment of the British
Empire, began at or about the time King George '* confided the execu-
tive powers of government to a triumvirate, consisting of Grenville,
Egreinont, and Halifax.'' (See Bancroft's History, vol. 5, chap. 6 H
8cq,)

An executive should always be a single head to be most effective.
If, in a triumvirate, one should have the most native force and vigor
and will power, so as to dominate the others and thus be in reality the
only head, this bad result follows, that the two who are dominated do
not understand their position, and interfere mischievously with the
ruling person, and are therefore in the way and are not needed.
* The theory of the triumvirate originally was that, being three, two
of them would be a majority; but in practice it always turns out that
t he strongest man of the three is the majority.

The theory of the triumvirate was also that the pow^ would be
divided equally among three men, and each would have bis portion of
the duties; but practically it comes to this, that the dominant man
always takes chief direction of all the duties; as citizens will remember
was the case in this District when they call to mind the position of a
certain member of the old Board of Public Works.

Again, if three persons are too many for an efficient executive, it is
certain that that number is too few for legislative duties, if for no other
reason, because they can not represent fairly the wishes of a great com-
munity in local matters, or give to the scattered or discordant and per-
haps antagonistic sections of the District the necessary personal atten-
tion.

L f the present form of government in the District, Hon. William L
Wilson, of West Virginia, writes, under date of April 19, 18^7:

Four years' service in Congress, all of it in intimate couDectioirwith District affairs
has conviDced me tbat tbere are some defects that are fundamental. * * ' I am
strongly impressed with tbe anomaly of a people paying two millions in taxes, and ai
uo point toucbing the administriMiou of their own affairs; indeed, being charaoter-
i zed as "otlicions intermeddlors" if they venture to come before Congress with re-
quests, petitions, or complaints relating thereto. I think tbe people of tbe District
ought to be brought into clofcor conlaot with tbeir governmeiit, and until there is
8OUI0 law devised tbat will accomplish that result your citizens* associations sboald
be encouraged to look after local interests and wants.

Some, 1 see, object to them as breeding discord, and think the proper policy is to
have no interference with the rale of the Commissioners.

Freedom of criticism is the vital air of free institutions, and when any pablic offi-
cials are set above this criticism such institutions disappear.

There would be very little in this objection, even if the people bad any voice in
chooHing tbe Commissioners, although it might then be said that, having selected
their representatives to appear for them before Congress, they should not intervene
between them. But the Cc4umissiouers are not tbere presentatives chosen by the citi-
zens and tax- payers of the District ; they are the agents set above them by Congress,
through whom Congress has undertaken to administer their affairs, and one of theni,
and l>y far Ibe mo8t important one, as I shall sb4w, is by law almost of neceasity a
noureeidcut, temporarily assigned to tbat duty.

Your citizens' aKsociations are the spontaneous growth of free institutions. Where
su<'b InstitutionH arc not legally planted, these or like association^ will spring np as
volunteers from tbe seeds of freedom in our air, and to disconntenance tnem in the
circumstances in which you live, is to fight against the spirit of selfogovemment it-
sel f .

Again, tbe District executive is three-headed. There is a distribution among three,
not only of powers and duties, but also of responsibility. Tbe two civilians must be
resi<)cut8, but tbe Engineer Commissioner is by law an army ofiBcer temporarily de*
tjiilod to that duty.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 21

Now, au examiuation of the working of the District goverDuient will disclose the
fact that the eugineer department is almost the government. The matters with which
it deals, the larse number of its employ ds, its control of local improvements, of sewers
and water supply, make it easily the main and overshadowiug part of the District gov-
ernment. It can largely intluence the growth of the city, raise or depress property
values, aad holding m its grasp the health and comfort of the citizens. Yet this chief
department of the District government is, by law, committed to a non-resident, and
that non-resident an army officer. To me this feature is most object ton able, and I can
not but wonder that the nearest approach to a military government in this country
should be in the district in which is the country's capital. I do not refer to individ-
uals; I object to the system.

I have no prejudices against army officers, least of all against the Engineer Corps.
Of some of its members I have spoken in terms of sincere eulogy in the Ifouse. I con-
cede that a high standard of personal probity prevails in the corps, and a high order
of capacity in the line of its profession. But granting all this, a trained soldier has
military methods of administration that are as incongruous and out of place in .civil
office as civilian methods would be in military affairs. The very habit of yielding
or of exacting implicit obedience to orders, as they come from those over him, or are
directed to those under him, little fits him to become a civil servant and the agent of
the people. He chafes under their criticism, and is impatient of their complaints,
advice, or petitions.

Furthermore, the very environment of such an officer at Washington is unfavorable
to the discharge of his duties with even-handed justice to all interests, and with a
full and fair knowledge of them. Ills residence at the national capital is a brief and
pleasant episode in his military career. His education and rank entitle him to enter,
and the powers with which ho is clothed secnre him a ready entrance into the best
and wealthiest social circles. These and the select clubs, both at present plentifully
sprinkled with real estate speculators, open their doors to him and welcome him with
a hospitality that often adroitly veils a selfish motive. He is in danger of regarding
the associations in which he so pleasantly moves as the people of Washington. Their
ideas are constantly impressed on him, and their interests nil his vision.

With the great mass of the people ho never becomes acquainted; with their ideas
and interests he has but an indirect and secoud-haud acanaintance. If they venture
into his official presence with their plain petitions and blunt requests, after the man-
ner of fVee American Citizens who pay ta xes and bear the burdens of government, he
wearies of their importunities. . If tuey exercise the inalienable right of criticising,
he frets under it. When they censure, they are the ^'proletariate.'^

If Congress deals oat taxes a little carefully, and affixes to their expenditure the
limitations and safeguards that of right belong to the expenditure of the people's
money, it is bnlletinc^ as ** blunders of Congress,'' or is made the occSision of a feeling
that 'V wonders while it fears it must obey.''

I would be glad to see more influence possessed by the people of the District in re-
spect to their affairs, especially as to the expenditure of their taxes in connection
with local improvements and schools. I think there should be some coucentrating
of responsibility in the executive head, and a decided snboidination of the military
predominancy in the District government.

ARE THE CITIZENS DISSATISFIED WITH THE PRESENT LOCAL GOV-
ERNMENT t

Your memorialists believe that a ^eat majority of the citizens of the
District are thas dissatisfied, and give for evidence of the same the nu-
merous memorials to Congress, and the rise and existence of citizens'
associations in various parts of the District ever since the abolition of
the Territorial government, and general talk upon the streets and else-
where, the constant complaints found in newspapers, all in spite of the
loyal support given to it by th% local press and '^ the privileged classes,"
and in spite of the frequent changes made in the personnel of the Board
of Commissioners.

The complaint really grows out of the system of administration,
whereby executive responsibility is divided and avoided, and legisla-
tive duties are imposed upon executive officers, and estimates for ap-
propriations, which largely determine where and what improvements
shall be made, are controlled by officers appointed year after year from

22 DISTRICT OF COLUMfiliL REPRESENTATION.

one aud the same section of the District. Bat if the citicens were sat-
isfied with the existing state of things, there would still be amplQ rot-
son for a change if a change would be a 1>enefit.

WHAT SHOULD CONGRESS DOf

Your memoralists answer that Congress should discharge its dotj
towaf ds the District of Columbia as fairly and kindly as it ought to do
towards the Indians, the other wards of the nation.

The recognissed relation between the parties to this controversy, therefore, is t^t
between a superior and inferior, whereby. the latter is placed under the care and ooii-
trol of the former, and which, while it aathorizes the adoption on the part of the
United States of such policy as their own interests may dictate, reoognizea, on tke
other hand, biich an interpretation of their acts and promisee as jaetioe and reason
demand in all cases where power is exerted by the strong over those to whom tbsy
owe care and protection. The parties are not on eqnal footing, and thai ineqaallty is
to be made good by the superior justice which looks only totbeanbstanoeof tneright,
without regard to technical rules framed under a system of municipal jnrisprodenoe,
formulating the rights and obligations of private persons equally subject to the
same laws. (Choctaw Nation v. The United States, 119 U. S., 28.)

ACTION PROPOSED.

Tonr memorialists do not, in view of the peculiar qondition of the
District of Columbia and its relation to Congress, and by reason of a
difference of opinion among themselves, ask that its citizens shall have
at present the right of unlimited manhood suffrage in the management
of local affairs. Sufhrage can hardly be regarded- as a natural right,
since it is generally restricted by sex and age, place of nativity, and
length of residence, and mental and moral condition ; and in this ooaa-
try, in communities of great age and of successful experie>ioe, it has
been lurther limited to those men of proper age, nativity, and lengdi
of residence, and mental and moral condition, who oan read and write,
and who pay a direct tax, whether per capita or upon property, for the
support of their own local government, so that ignorant, worthless,
imbecile, and criminal persons, who can neither be relied upon for de-
fense or support of government, should be excluded from such priri-
lege.

But while your memorialists do not now ask, and are not authorized
by the eommittee they represent to ask, a return to suffrage in the man-
agement of municipal affairs, nor propose legislation changing, or in-
tended to change in any manner the basis of the present form of gov-
ernment for the District, or the immediate control of Congress and the
President over it, they do ask and propose, and are authorized and in-
structed by the committee tliey represent to ask and propose, a modifi-
cation of the principal subordinate agency by which that government is
administered.

They believe it would be better to have but one commissioner, or chief
executive officer, and that he should be relieved of all but executiTe
duties. They believe the estimates annually submitted to Congress as
the basis of appropriations for street and other improvements, and for
the support of the local government, ought to be made or approved hy
a council of not less than fifteen citizens, so selected as to fairly repre-
sent all sections of the District } and that such council would be a proper
body to be intrusted with the power of making such minor municipal
ordinances as Congress, by reason of other duties, can not be expected
to consider and enact.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION, 23

A bill covering tbese points bas been approved by the Citizens' Eep-
resentative Gommittee of One Handred of the District of Golambia,
and is herewith submitted for the consideration and action of Congress.
^ Very respectfully,

Beqinald Fendall,

Chairman^
W." C. Dodge,
John E. Herrell,
Geo. W. Dyer,
J. Ormond Wilson,

THOIS. J. LUTIRELL,

w. h. a. wormley,
Mills Dean,

HOBLE D. Larner,
Executive Committee of Oitizem^ Committee of One Hundred,

Extract from report on memorial.

The object of a free people is the fDreservation of theit liberty; and liberty is only
to be preserved by maintaining oonstitntional restraints and Jast divisions of political
power. Nothing is more deceptive or more dangerous than the pretense of a desire
to simplify government. The simplest governments are det^potisms; the next sim-
plest, limited monarchies; but all republics, all governments of law, must impose
nnmerona limitations and qnalifioations of authority. This is the very essence of free
political institutions.

The spirit of liberty is, indeed, a bold and fearless spirit; but it is also cautious,
discriminating, jealous of power. It demands checks; it insists on securities ; and
it fortifies itself with all possible care against the assaults of ambition and passion.
It does not trust the amiable wealcnesses of human nature, and therefore it will not
permit power to overstep its prescribed limits, though benevolence, good intent, and
patriotic purpose come along with it.

Every free government is necessarily complicated, because all such governments
establish restraints, as well on the power of government itself as on that of individ-
uals. If we will abolish the distinction of branches, and have but one branch ; if we
will abolish Jury trials, and leave all to the judge ; if we will then ordain that the
legislator shall himself be that judge; and if we will place the executive power in
the same hands, we may readily simplify government. We may easily bring it to the
simplest of all possible forms, a pure despotism.

But a separation of departments, so far as practicable, and the preservation of clear
lines of division between them, is the fandamental idea of all our constitutions ; and,
undoubtedly, the continuance of regulated liberty depends on maintaining these
boundaries. — Daniel Webster.

Home rule for Americans.

"Taxation and* representation onght to go together."— Chief-Justice Ellsworth.

To the Committee on Privileges and ElectUms of the United States Senate :

Mr. Chairman and gentlemen : I desire to offer a few suggestions for
the consideration of the committee in favor of the resolution recently
submitted to amend the Constitution so as to give the citizens of the
District of Columbia a representation in the National Government.

The proposition is so obviously just and proper, that no argument
would seem to be necessary.

24 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

The whole theory of our Governraent, the very foaDdation on which
it is bnilt and rests, requires it.

Our national independence was achieved on tiie issae of ^^ no tax-
ation without representation/' and if it be true that ours is " a Goven-
ment of the people, by the people, and for the people," it is difiScalt to
comprehend any valid reason why the quarter of a millioo of Americaa
citizens who may chance to reside within the District, or in any partic-
ular section of the country, should be deprived of all voice in their Gov-
ernment, both national and local. If-tbcy were not taxed, and in all
other respects subjected to the same burdens as other citizens to sup-
port and defend the National Government, then I conld sec some reasoD
why they should not be represented in that Government; bat such is
not the case. As citizens of the nation, the people of the District are
subjected to the same burdens as other citizens, and they have per-
formed their whole duty as fully and as freely as those oif any other
section of the country, for proof of which I appeal to the official records.

WHAT THE RECORD SHOWS.

When the capital was located here, in 1790, the original proprietors
deeded the entire tract to trustees for the benefit of the United States,
with the agreement that the commissioners appointed by President
Washington, under authority of Congress, should locate the future cap-
ital and lay out the city as they saw fit for the use and benefit of the
nation and the resident citizens.

It was further agreed that the land should be divided as follows:
The Government to take what it needed for streets, avenues, and alleys
as a free gift, and that amounted to 3,604 acres, or 54 per cent of the
entire area or the city. It was to select what it chose for public re-ser-
vations — sites for public buildings, etc. — and pay therefor £25 per acre.
For this purpose it took 541 acres, but as this wa« paid for oat of the
proceeds of the lots donated to the Government by the citizens, it was
also, in effect, a gift to the Government by the citizens. The balance
of the land, amounting to 3,016 acres, was laid out into lots, and divided
equally between the Government and the original owners, each receiv-
ing 10,136 lots, chosen alternately by the Government and the onginal
owners.

It will thus be seen that of the 7,161 acres embraced within the city
limits, 5,653, or more than five-sevenths of the whole, were a free gift
from the citizens to the United States Government.

It may be said in reply that they did this because of the benefit to
their remaining property, which they hoped to realize from thelocatioD
here of the capital, and that is no doubt true ; but that in no way les-
sens the benefits conferred by them on the Government.

The 10.136 lots given to the Government it was understood were to
be used ror the erection of the public buildings and the improvement
of the streets of the city, as is abundantly shown by the original rec-
ords ; but for various reasons, unnecessary now to consider, this expec
tation was not fulfilled ; and after disposing of the lots, the commis-
sioners were authorized by Congress to borrow money to complete tbe
public buildings.

As a result, the Government did not open or improve the streets, as
was expected, and the consequence was the citizen^ had to do it them-
selves. As sliown by a Senate report of the twenty-third Congress, op
to 1835 the citizens had expended for this purpose $430,000, while tlie
General Government had ex|>ended but $209,000; and at that time

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 25

there were but 20,000 iubabitants^ of whom 7,000 were slaves and free
colored. As stated iu that report, the only fault to be found with the
citizens was that '^ they had assumed burdens and incurred expenses
tehich did not properly belong to them, but to the General Government,"

The location of the public buildings and grounds was and is such
that the citizens could not grade, sewer, pave, light, clean or police the
streets in front of their own property without at the same time doing it
for the Government property also. Nor did they seek to do so ; for, as
stated by the report, ^ the citizens had specially opened and improved
those streets and avenues loading to the national establishments at the
navy-yard and arsenal, and those leading to and around the public
squares and reservations belonging to the nation, and thus by their own
means enhanced the value of the public property" — and that in so do-
ing, " the views by which they had been governed were of a liberal and
public spirited character." (See Southard's Senate Report, Twenty-third
Congress, February 2, 1835. Also on the same i>oiut, House Report, No.
627, first session, Forty-third Congress. Senate Report, No. 479,
second session. Forty-third Congress. House Report, No. 64, second
session. Forty-fourth Congress.)

Again, by a report of the Secretary of the Treasury, in answer to a
resolution of the Senate of April 29, 1878, showing all the moneys ex-
pended by the United States Government in the District from July 16,
1790, to June 30, 1876, it is shown that, the whole amount expended by
the General Government for city improvements, including bri<l.<>es
across the Potomac and everything, was less than $6,000,000, while dur-
ing the same time the citizens h^ expended $20,000,000 for the same
purpose, besides about $25,000,000 more for local government, and that,
too, while the General Government owned more than one-half of all the
property in the District, on which it had never paid a cent of taxes, nor
had it borne any portion of the expenses of the local government (Sen
ate Ex. Doc. No. 84, second session, Forty-fifth Congress, page 205.)

The people of the District have from the foundation of the Govern-
ment, contributed their full proportion for its support, both in peace
and in war.

Their military record is not surpassed if equaled by that of the same
number of citizens in any other section of the Union.

In the war of 1812, and again in the Mexican war, they furnished
their full proportion of volunteers ; and among the names famous for
gallantry and bravery in the Mexican war are those of citizens of the
District.

In the late civil war the very first volunteers enrolled in the service
of the CJuited States were citizens of the District.

While but seven States of the Union filled their quotas, the District
of Columbia filled her quota and furnished an excess of 18^ per cent,
more — a record not equaled by any State in the Union but one, and
thai only by including her " home guards," of whom there were in the
District many not included in the above record. (See Report of the
Adjutant-General, November 9, 1880.)

TAXES PAID BY THE CITIZENS OF THE DISTKICT FOR SUPPORT OP

THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT.

For the war of 1812, Congress imposed on the citizens of the District
a direct tax of $19,998.40, besides which the citizens raised a voluntary
fund of $5,000 and placed it at the disposal of the President for the
special defense of the Capitol. When the British burned the public

26 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UEf>RESEfiJTATION.

baildin^s, the citizens fitted up a bnihling (since known as the Old
Capitol) for the use of Congress, and the bank^ of the District tendered
a loan of $500,000 to rebuild the public buildings, which Congress, by
an aet>, authorized the President to accept.

For the late civil war, Congress imposed upon the District a direct
tax of $49,437.33, wbich was paid in full, and added to the taxes of tbe
citizens ; and while Congress has refunded to Knany of the States fifteen
per cent, of the tax paid by them, it has never refunded a cent to the
District. (See House Ex. Doc., No. 158, second session, Forty-ninth
Congress.)

INTERNAL-REVENUE TAX PAID BY THE DISTBIfJT.

•

The official records show that from the enactment of the law in 1812
to June 30, 1887, the citizens of the District have i>aid an internal reve-
nue tax of $6,454,907.03. During the past fiscal year the amount thns
paid by the District was more than double the amount paid by any of
the Territories, except Dakota, several of which, bills now |>ending,
propose to admit as States, withtwo Senators and one or more Kepre-
sentatives. It is more than was paid by either of the folloMriug seven
States, viz, Alabama, Arkansas, Maine, Mississippi, Nevada, South Caro-
lina, and Vermont.* It is $500 more than the average amount paid hy
either of ten States. (See report of Commissioner of Internal tCevenne
for 1887.)

Thus, it will be seen that, both in a military and in a pecuniary )x>int
of view, the citizens of the District have borne their full share of the
burdens in support of the General Government, and have proven their
loyalty, patriotism, and public spirit, to be fully equal to that of an
equal number of citizens in any part of the Union.

Why, then, should we not be represented, and have a voice in the
Government, the same as our fellow-citizens in' other sectionst I most
confess I can not see, nor have I ever heard a reason given by any one.

True, we have seen in the papers the statement that the citizens of
the District are.here " merely by suflferance," liable to be " expelled at
the point of the bayonet at any moment, like trespassers from Okla-
homa;" but, if that be so, it is only another reason why we should be
represented in the body which it is said, has this i^ower of expulsion,
as otherwise we have no protection whatever.

THE SUPPRESSION OF POPULAE GOVERNMENT.

The evil result of suppressing the i>opular government which had ex-
isted here for nearly seventy years, is thus described in a Senate report:

When tbc goveruDiont of 1871 came into existeuce, it found a public debt of little
more tbau $3,000,000, tbe accaoiulation of over sixty years of mnuicipai aclnihiistra-
tioU| iucluding tbo war debt, and debts imposed i>y tbe financial embarrasBmeDts
wbicb tbo movements to overtbrow tbe local (popular) governments bad engoudon^d.
In four years only of executive government the debt was increaned to $20,000,000,
witb proportionably far leas to sbow for it tban bad tbe preceding original debt of

•

District of Columbia $14^,172. 10

Alabama 7a,f>42.7i>

Arkansas 97,630.38

Maine &0,2H6.45

Mississippi 42,608.14

Nevada 70.419.50

Soutb Carolina 100,146.85

Vermont , 30,119.75

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA RKPKB8ENTATI0N. 27

|3,000,0<>0 ; and of this increase $4,000,000 only had been anthorized by the U^gislaiure
or th« people.

At the end of six years only of a government irresponsible to the people, the public
dnbt amounts to |25,000,000 — more than one-fourth of the assessed valuation of the
property of the Distriot. Meanwhile, |13,000,000 have been assessed as special taxes
(on property of the citizens), $10,000,000 have been assessed as general taxes (ahio on the
property of the citizens), and Cfongreas has appropriated $6,000,000. Deducting t^e
original indebtedness, we find the enormous sum of $50,000,000 as the net expenditure
of six yearn' government by officers " appointed by the President and confirmed by the
S«)naie/' (Innate Report No. 572, second session Forty-fourth Congress, page 11 ;
House Report No. 647, first session Forty-third Congress.)

And yet, time and again has the atatement been made in Gongress
and in the pnblic prints that this enormous debt, and the reckless ex-
travagance by which it was produced, was the legitimate result ot pop-
ular government in the District (See Congressional Record, Decem-
ber 21, 1883, page 229; J. A. Easson in N. A. Review, September No.,
1883, i)age 228; Congressional Record, June 14^ 1883.)

The fact that the national capital is located m the District can make
no difterence, because the proposed change would in no manner affect
the exclnsive jurisdiction of Congress over the District, and the very
small Voice which the District would have in Congress could never be-
come a source of danger.

. On the contrary, it would be an additional source of strength, for all
history shows that uothingis more dangerous to the peace and well-being
of a ])olit)cal capital or any large city than a large mass of its popula-
tion who feel that they have b^n unjustly deprived of their, rights.

IT WAS NOT THE ORIGINAL INTENT.

Moreover, it is clear that it never was the intention of the founders of
our Government that the citizens of the District should become, or be
made, political eunuchs. It never was their intention, nor that of the
States ceding the territorry composing the District, that the inhabitants
thereof should be deprived of all voice in their own government, either
local or national.

It is shown first by the statement of Madison in the Federalist before
the adoption of the Constitution that ^^ a municipal legislature for local
purposes, derived from their own suffrliges, will of course be allowed
them."

It is clearly shown also by the fact that the States of Virginia and
Maryland both, in their acts of cession, expressly stipulated that the
rights possessed by the inhabitants of the District under the laws of
the respective States should be preserved and continued until such
time as Congress should provide a government for them after its re-
moval hither.

It is further shown by the fact that Congress at once enacted that
the laws of the respective States should continue in force, only chang-
ing them from time to time as circumstances required.

It is further shown by the fact that Congress not only recognized and
continued in force the local governments previously established by the
States at Alexandria and Georgetown, but also established a similar
local government for Washington, all of which it continued for nearly
seventy years.

These citations, although relating more especially to local government:
and the State laws in force here, show clearly that no one at that time
had any iidea of depriving the inhabitants of the District of any of their
rights as citizens, but on the contrary looked to their preservation, and

28 DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

especially of tbe right of suffrage, that sole badge and protection of free-
men.

In speaking of the local governments existing in the District, Story,
in his Commentaries^ on the Constitntion, 8a3'8:

In ]ioint of fact, the corporations of the three cities within their limits, possess and
exercise a delegated power of leginlatiou under their charters granted by Congress, to
the fall extent of 1 heir njuuieipal want, without any constitntioual scruple or eor-
mise of doubt. (Story on the Constitution, section 1223.)

And yet, we now hear it said by thoughtless persons, and by those
interested in continuing the present condition of affairs, that it is uu-
constitutional to even give us a local government for the management
of our purely local affairs.

THE CESSION DID NOT CONTEMPLATE OB AUTHORIZE IT.

The cession by the States to the United States was simply that of
general jurisdiction, and was not designed to deprive the inhabitants of
their rights as citizens. It simply transferred the general jurisdiction
from the States of Maryland and Virginia to Congress. It followed, of
course, that the people of the District could not thereafter exercise their
political rights as citizens of those States ; but that is no reason why we
should be deprived of our rights as citizens of the nation. In all other
respects we should have and enjoy the same rights under the Constitu-
tion, and have the same voice in tbe National Government as the same
number of citizens living in the States.

There is nothing in the Constitntion that inhibits it. If the proposed
amendment should be adopted, the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress
over the District would remain precisely the same as now. Tbe only
effect would be to give us a voice iu the National Government the same
as other citizens have; and ought not we to have thatt If not, why
not!

Are we not as intelligent, as patriotic, as competentt Do we not
bear the same burdens, render the same service, and are we not inter-
ested the same as they t Then why should we not be represented the
same as they f

The reason why this was not done attho beginning is apparent — sim-
ply because the number was too small; for the same reason that a new
settlement on the public lands is not at once made a Territory or a
State.

That the people of the District would have a representation in the
National Government wiis clearly the expectation of the legislators in
early days of the Government, as is^hown by the following from the
debates in Congress in 180 i. In speaking of the District, Mr. Huger,
of South Carolina, said :

Ho looked forward to the period when the inhabitants, from their number and
riches, would be entitled to a representative on this floor. And with respect to their
local concerns, when they grow more numerous and wealthy, there would he no dif-
ficulty in giving them a territoiial legislature.

Mr. Randolph considered the idea of depriving the people of the
District of the right of self-government as a dangerous experiment.
Said he:

Domestic slavery is of all others the mo.st oppressive; and political slavery, which
has been well detined to be that state iu which any community is divested of the
power of self-government, and regulated bylaw to which its assent is not required
and may not be given. This species of government is an oxperiraeni how fnr free-
men can be reconciled to live without rights; an experiment dungeroas tp the liber-
ties of these States.

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA. REPRESENTATION., 29

The tiipe mentioDed by Mr. Huger has now come. The population of
the-District is more than safficient to entitle them to a Representative
in the House. It is greater than some of the States, and the amount
of taxes paid is larger thau is raised by some of the States for State
purposes ; and yet those States have two Senators and a Representa-
tive^ while we have neither.

It has been suggested that to give the District a single Senator would
disarrange the natural condition of afifairs, by which the President of
the Senate has a casting vote whenever there is a tie, the vote of the sin-
gle district Senator in such case balancing and thereby neutralizing the
casting vote. The same condition precisely exists, whenever, as now
and frequently before, the Senate has a President j^ro tern., and no se-
rious difficulty has arisen from that fact*

If, however, that be a serious objection, it can be remedied by giving
the District two Senators. It has more population, more wealth, and
more revenue than several of the States, so there would be nothing un-
usual about that. They would of course represent the interests of the
General Government just to the extent that it owns property and is
interested in the District, the same as they would that of the citi-
zens } and that would also be true of the Bepresentative in the House.

Que would naturally expect to see at the capital of the greatest re-
public on earth the mo3t perfect example of republican government;
while, as a matter of fact, we have absolutely no voice either in national
or local affairs.

But do you tell me that Congress legislates for the District I Yes ;
and how f By setting apart one or two hours of one or two days in a
month, and then when the time comes crowding it off the floor, to give
room for matters in which members are interested elsewhere. Twice
has this occurred during the present month, and not a session passes in
which it does not occur. Members and Senators have no time to devote
to District affairs. They have all they can do to represent their own
constituents — to look after the interests of their own districts and States.
That is what they are sent here for, and it can not be expected that they
should neglect those interests to look after ours.

Mr. Bandolph saw and predicted this state of affairs when he said :

The attempt to legislate for the District was, in effect, to coDstitiite the chairman
of the committee, or at any rate the committee itself on the affairs of the Territory,
the Solon or Lycnrgns of the place. It is well known that the indolence of other
members or their indifference, inseparable from the situation in which they were
placed, would prevent Congress from legislating with a full understanding of the ob-
jects before them.

As a proof of the correctness of his statements, look at our condition
to day. Here we are with a hotchpotch of old colonial laws, obsolete
State laws, fragmentary acts of Congress, acts of the former city coup-
cils and Territorial legislature^ so jumbled together and mixed up that
no one nan tell what the law is. An act that is legal in Washington
is illegal in Georgetown, and vice versa, while in the county the law
is still different.

^ -An act that^is punishable in one division by a certain penalty is pun-
ishable by a different penalty in another section, and in still another
section is not punishable at all! Here we are with our streets block-
aded by railroads day and night, and though for years we have
begged for relief, and though a special comraitteQ has been charged
with the duty of devising some i)lan of relief, yet now, at near the close
of the long session, not a thing has been done !

And so it is with other matters — the police, fire-engines, schools, the

30 DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

river improveroeut, aod nearly everything in which we are interested.
The years come and go. Congress meets and acUonrns, bnt the affiiirs ot
the District remain in statu quo. We are lucky if, by the last day, we
can even get the District appropriation bill passed.

Does any one believe that if we had a representative in the two hoosea
this state of affairs would remain t Certainly not ; for then we would
have some one there to inform Congress of our needs, and to see that
they were attended to.

As an illustration of the effect of the District having no representa-
tion in the national councils, take the matter of public schools, the
foundation stone of a republican form of government. Congress dis-
tributed to the States $28,000,000 in money, of which the District got
not a cent. It has given to the States about 90,000,000 acres of public
lands for schools, 155,000,000 acres more for railroads and internal im-
provements, besides all the overflowed and.^ swamp lands, and to the
District it has never given for these purposes a dollar of money or an
acre of land. It has placed on the statute-book a law fining every
parent or guardian residing in the District who fails to send each child
to school twelve weeks each year, and yet there are 10,000 more child-
ren on the school-rolls than there are school seats.

And we are not permitted to use even the taxes we pay, to bnild a
school-house without an act of Congress. When the Blair bill was
pending in the Senate a couple of years ago, it was amended by strik-
ing out the District from any share in the same, though since replaced.
And all this, too, while over one-third of the scholars are the children
of colored persons, a large portion of whom were brought here by the
war and left on our hands without even food to eat, and for whom, by
a law of Congress, we are required to spend as much per capita as for
our own children, and another large portion the children of non-resi-
dents, temporarily' here in the service of the Oovernment. Why this
difference of treatment? Simply because we haveno voice in the matter.
No other reason can be given.

We have heard much of late about '* home rule" in Ireland, and there
is scarce a public man in either party who has not indorsed the justice
and necessity of the same. And yet Ireland has now what we ask for —
a representation in the National Government. Every part of Ireland
is represented in Parliament. So, too, we hear much of the injustice of
refusing to admit Dakota and other Territories, and still more of the
alleged crime of suppressing the vote of the negro at the Soath; but
wherein, I ask you, is either or all of these more unjust than it is to de-
prive the people of the District of Columbia of all voice in their own
government, both national aud local t

Are we not as much entitled to a voice in our own government as
the Irish, or the negro of the South f

With us this is not a party question. I do not know whether the
District would be Republican or Democratic. That has nothing to do
with the question. What we ask, and all we ask, is that we may be
put uiK)n a par with other citizens of the nation ; that we shall have at
least the same political rights so freely conferred on the foreigner the
moment he lands on our shores. We ask it for ourselves, we ask it for
our children. It is bnt simple justice, and t cannot believe that a
committee of the United States Senate will deny us this, which is oar
birthright.

Respectfully submitted.

W. O. DODOE.

Washington, D. C, April 27. 1888.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA KE PRESENTATION. 31

The National Capital — Facets not generally known — What the citizens of
the District of Columbia have done for the nation^ and how governed.

(1) They donated to the United States five-sevenths of all the laud
in the city of Washington ; for streets and avenues, 54 per cent, of the
entire area or 3,^ acres; for reservations, 541 acres ; one half all of the
city lots (10,136), 1,508 acres ; the lots being given to help erect the pub-
lic jbutfdings (for which Congress made no appropriation when it located
the Capital July 16, 1790), and to open and improve the streets.

(2) Up to 1835 the citizens (13,000 whites and 7,000 colored, mostly
slaves), had expended for street improvements, mostly arouud the pub-
lic buildings, $430,000; the United States, $209,000. From 1790 to 1878
the United States had expended (aside from the public buildings) less
than $6,01*0,000, the citizens $20,000,000, besides $25,000,000 for local
government, schools, etc.

(3) The citizens have invested in new buildings from 1879 to 1887
$3:^,000,000; now $45,000,000. From 1871 to 1879 some $10,000,000 to
$15,000,000 more, no record having been kept of them.

(4) The citizens paid a direct tax of $20,000 for the war of 1812, raised
a voluntary fund of $5,000 and gave it to the President to defend the
Capital, fitted up a building for Congre^ when the Capitol was burned,
and tendered a loan of $500,000 to rebuud the public buildings, which
Congress accepted.

(5) 'For the late war we paid a direct tax of $50,000, no portion of
which has been refunded, as has been to many of the States.

(6) We have paid an internal revenue tax of $6,454,907.03, twice as
much the past jrear as any of the Territories except Dakota ; more than
either Alabama, Arkansas, Maine, Mississippi, I^evada, South Carolina,
or Vermont.

(7) We furnished our full share of volunteers for the war of 1812 and
the Mexican war. In the late war we furnished our full quota and 18^
per cent, over, while but seven States filled their quotas, and but one
equaled the District In the late war, the first volunteers enrolled
were citizens of the District.

(8) The United States has given to the States $28,000,000 in money
for schools, 90,000,000 acres of public lands, anil for railroads 155,000,000
acres, besides the swamp and overflowed lands, of which, up to Octo-
ber, 1889, they had selected 80,(K)0,000 acres, as per Land Office record :
to the District not a dollar or an acre of land. The citizens supported
their own schools by taxes, and for Government employ<is and the col<
ored also.

(9) The United States owns half of all (he property in the District,
ou which it pays no taxes, and never contributed anything for local
government or schools prior to 1878.

(10) The population is nearly a quarter of a million; the assessed
value of property over $238,000,000 ; taxes paid by citizens for 1887,
$2,374,914.53.

(11) Debt created by the. citizens under self-government during
seventy years, $3,105,067.85; debt created by officers *' appointed by
the President and confirmed by the Senate" in less than six years,
$25,000,000; present debt, $20,587,450, the interest and sinking fund
requiring an annual payment from the District revenues of about
$1,300,000, or neaily one-third of the entire revenues.

Since 1878 the United States appropriates an amount equal to the
taxes collected ; a little more than enough to pay the interest and sink-
ing fund on the debt which its officers created.

32 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

We citizens have absolutely no voice in our own government, not
even the selection of a school trustee, the only government being two
Commissioners '^appointed by this President and confirmed by the Sen-
ate," and one military officer detailed by the President. These three
men enact all our municipal laws, police regulations, health regnlatioiu^
and regulations for building, plumbing, etc., and change them as they
please without consulting the citizens. They appoint all local officers,
school trustees, etc., aud make up the estimates for the expenditure of
the entire District revenues as and where they please. For example,
I pay nearly $850 taxes, and I have no more voice in the expenditure
of it or in the management of our local affairs than have the serfeof
Kussia in theirs.

And this in the capital of the Gre^t Republic ! Is this Republican!
How can our party consistently advocate "home rule" for Ireland
while denying it to us in the District of Columbia f Are we not as in-
telligent aud as competent as citizens elsewhere t Do we not bear the
same burdens and pay the same taxes as other citizens of the nation 1
Why, then, should wo not have " home rule,'^ so far as our purely local
affairs are concerned t Of course the General Government has ** ex-
clusive jurisdiction" in all other matters.

W. O. Dodge,
116 B Street NorthMaU

Washington, D. C, Juncj 1888.

Facts arid opinions of distinguished men,

[Collected and arranged by Applelon F. Clark, Kaqaire.J

Any person unacquaiuted with the facts would imagine from tbe cur-
rent talk in and out of Congress that the city of Washington had groim
from a small, rustic, unimproved village since and in consequence of
the abrogation of the right of tbe people to participate in their local
goverument. That portion of Mayor Wallach's annual message to the
city councils June 24, 1867, upon the '* growth of the city'' may serve
to correct such erroneous impression. lie says:

Tlie commonest criterion of prosperity is the ratio of increaae of popalatibn and
property. Ui^on this principle WasoinKton exhibited a higher ratio in 1860 than all
other cities of the UuioD of equal or greater popalation but seven, viz, Brooklyn, New-
ark, Philadelphia, and New York in the North; Chicago, St. Louis, and Louisville in
the West. The ratio of increase of the District of Columbia from 1800 to 18G0 wiU be
found to be 432.75 per cent., while thatof contiguous States was, Maryland 114.88per
cent., Virginia 11:3.32 during the same period; the progress of Maasachnsetts wae but
in^o.Ot) per cent. In the District of Columbia, from 1830 to 1840, tbe increase waa 9.74
per c«nt. ; from 1840 to IboO, 1H.24 per cent. ; from 1850 to 1860, 45.26 per cent., while
the increase of the United States at large for the last ]»eriod was but 35.59 per cent.

According to the census the increase of the District of Columbia on real and
perHonal property from 1^50 to 18()0 was nearly 200 per cent. (193.0()) ; the increase in
the United States at large for the same period was 126.50 percent.; Pennsylvania
96.45 per cent. ; Indiana 160.95 per cent. ; Ohio 1:36.54 per cent. ; Maryland 71.93 per
cent. ; New York 70.63 per cent. ; aud Massachusetts 42.19 per cent.

He says :

It would be no exaggeration to asiiert that we are growing rich more than twice aa
fast as New England, New York, and Pennsylvania.

The increase of populatiou, accordiug to the census of the District of
Columbia from 1860 to 1870, was from 75,080 to 131,700, and the assessed
property from $41,018,874 to $74,271,693 ; being an increase of above 75

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 33

per ceDt. in popalatiou and above 80 per cent, in wealth. If these truths
do not evidence the compatibility of progress with i^eople's rule what
do tliey prove! AcconJing to ceusns, under the government of the
board of pablic works and Commissioners from 1870 to 1880, the in-
crease in population was about 35 per cent. ; the increase in wealth was
about 3*1 per cent.

Mayor Bowen, in his annual message July 19, 1869, says:

Diiriug the past year onr city has been wonderfully favored. * • • Intemper-
ance, the bane of many who would otherwise be ornaments to society and useful to
the world, is lar^^ely on the decrease, and it is now a rare circumstance that an intoxi-
cated person is seen on the street ; and in regard to improvements, we have enjoyed a
season of uninterrupted and unexampled prosperity, which has had the natural effect
to increase our wealth and population. *" * '* In no one year have so many first-
class buildings been erected or so many improvements been made within the city
limits as in the fiscal year inst closed. The many calamities that were to befall us
in case of emancipation and universal suffrage have proved mere phantoms.

His successor, Hon. Matthew G. Emery, in his message June 13, 1870,
says :

The great questions of universal freedom have been settled by the voice of the na-
tion. It is our duty to see, as far as our power extends, that the national voice l&
obeyed. In our country the elective franchise^nay be further extended, but it will
ccrtainlv never be taken away from any part of our citizens nntil waare ready to
acknowledge that government by the people is a failure. * * * To the large num-
ber who preferred another for the office to which I have been chosen, I have only to
say that the fair and manly exercise of an undoubted right has in no way diminished
my appreciation of them as free citizens, and has not made them liable to unjust dis-
crimination. * * * It is our business to promote the welfare of every class and
not a favored few.

Webster, in bis oration at the completion of Bunker Hill Monument,
remarked :

America has proved that it is practical to elevate the mass of maukind^that por-
tion which in Europe is called laboring or lower class ; to raise them to self-respect,
to make them competent to act a part in the great right and great duty of self-
government.

The cardinal feature of our complex system of government is the
successful effort to secure political equality through its representative
principle. States are divided and bubdivided so that, in harmony with
the same general plan of representation, the people in even the smallest
divisionarerecoguizedin the management of their local affairs; in their
county and State and in the National Government. It is not absurd or
empty sentimentalism to assert that the American people, almost with-
out exception, of all political parties, prefer and select men of the high-
est character and most competent to represent them in matters of
public welfare.

The selections by election in the District of Columbia were not excep-
tions. From the caucuses of neighbors in these minor subdivisions
eminent statesmen are brought to the iront who wisely direct the in-
terest of the government and legislate for the good of the governed.
In the associations of these small divisions through representatives in
counsel each section of towns, cities, and states secure their equal
rights, leaving nothing to favoritism. In this manner those living in
the remote suburbs of a city obtain their share of public improve-
ments. The traveling public are benefited through the safety assured
by wellliglited atid systematically patroled thoroughfares. In large
cities where the people rule, magnificent improvements are inaugurated,
gvounds are laid out for public recreation, systematic plans are exe-
cuted for the pleasure, convenience, comfort, and health of its citizens,
on a scale commensurate with their enterprise and opportunities.

S. Mis. 237 3

34 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPBEBEMTATION.

Until 1871 the people of Washington and Qeorgetown enjoyed soeh
representation as we have seen in their local matters as similar divisions
in the States. The city charter of Washington was a model of adapted-
ness, made so from time to time by eminent statesmen as each period in
its history seemed to demand ; that of Georgetown was ce-existent with
the Constitution, having been granted in 1789. Their municipal debts
were small ; the people governed themselves ; now they have no voice^
either in local or in national affairs.

On this departure from the the representative principle a British am-
bassador is quoted as saying :

Why, f onr very govemment at yoar capital is a living j>rote6t agsiust repablican-
ism.

Webster says :

Our history hitherto proves that the popular form is practical, and that with wis-
dom and knowledge men may govern themselves, and the dnty incnmhent on ns is to
preserve the consistency of this cheering example, and take care that nothing msy
weaken its authority with the world. If, in our case, the representative system olii-
mately fails, popular government must be pronounced impossible.

The moment we depart from these representative principles or essen-
tially disturb their operation in practice, we enter on aline of error which,
if pursued, will be certain to undermine and destroy the Republic itself.
Probably there are at least forty thousand men in theDistrict of Ck)lumbia
who are between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years. These men
compose the enrolled militia a.nd are liable to be called into the field bj
draft or otherwise, the same as those of corresponding age in other
American cities to maintain the peace, assist in holding up the lavs
and repel invasion, and can be sent in case of emergency requiring
military force to any part of the country, and yet they have no repre-
sentation in their government either national or local, and have no voice
in the choice of an Executive at whose command they may be ordered
to leave their homes, their wives and children, and risk their lives on
the battle-field in their country's service. Is this right Y At the capi-
tal of a republic like ours, a people's model govemment should exhibit
to the resident ambassadors of all nations the safety and stability of its
free institutions, be an illustration of the good sense and sound judg-
ment of a people vested with political rights. In this respect our
present form of local government is essentially wrong, not only in these
requisites of freedom of opinion, but in that it is based ui)on the as-
sumed incompetency of one of the most intelligent communities in the
world to govern themselves, denies home rule to the people to the dis-
credit of republican institutions everywhere, destroys all incentive on
the part of the great body of the young men to interest and educate
themselves either in local affairs or in the general government-.

It is manifestly wrong in principle in that it has created in the minds
of some a dnad of innovation, a political sluggishness inconsistent with
American vigor, and prompts otherwise good citizens to assent to the
sacrifice of their rights and the rights and interest of the community at
large than trust to the supremacy of the people.

This low standard of patriotism contemplates only our own conven-
ience and personal aspirations. Our political horizon should not be
bounded by own needs alone, but be far reaching enough to subserve
the interest of the whole people. The value of the independence se-
cured and bequeathed to us we find most certainly depends upon indi-
vidual sovereignty, hence it is our duty to teach the value of the elect-
ive franchise to our chMxew 9»o W\^V \.W^ \s\«i,^ never despise its worth,
or wish to avoid its petso\i^\ TO%v^\i«v\y«X\\*^ .

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPKESENTATION. 35

It is currently reported that the President consulted three estimable
citizens lately in regard to the appointment of a local ruler over the
230,000 people in this District; the man appointed is deservedly much
respect^ for his integrity and ability, and would probably receive the
entire vote of his party if subjectto the suffrages of these people. Yet
in this act, local self-government finds no recognition, admire the ap-
pointment as much as we may.

This is no objection as to the manner of exercising the appointing
power, but an objection to the sysitem ; of course it is practically im-
possible for the President to consult the whole people or a raHJority of
them. He must get his information from a few, and these few may not
represent the wishes of the many and sometimes they may have interests
of their own to subserve which are hostile t^ the people at large. The
only safe way is to let the people at large speak for themselves by the
American plan of voting.

A ruler independent of the people over whom he presides is abhorent to the prin-
ciples of free government, rower without a check is tyranny, and whoever is pos-
sessed of such a power is master instead of governor, and whoever submits to such a
power is a slave instead of a subject.

(From report of committee to inhabitants of Boston adopted in town meeting assem-
bled May 6, 1772. Committee : Dr. Joseph Warren, Hon. Josiah Quiucy, and others.)

John Kaudolph (H. R., February 9, 1803) :

Political slavery, which has been well defined to be that state in whcih any coni-
ninnity is divested of the power of self-government and regulated by laws to which
its asst nt is not required and may not be given. • • • Sir, the form of govern-
ment, such as has been described, however mild and benefirent it may be in its admin-
istration, places those subject to it in a state of political slavery. ** * * As to the
existence of this species of slavery it mattered not whether the people of this District
were regarded as the favorite son and feasted on the fatted calf, or were exposed to
the cruel rigor of a stepmother.

[Extr&ot« ftom Boston orations, delivered at the request of the iDhabitantsof Boston to coroniemorato

the evening of the 5th of March, 1770.1

Hon. James Lovell (April 2, 1772) :

Who are a free people T Not those who do not snfier actual oppression, but those
who have a constitutional check upon the power to oppress. (Principles and Acts of
the Revolution.)

Joseph Warren (March 6, 1772) :

It is undeniably true, that the great and most important right of a British isubjeot
is, that he shall be governed by no laws but those to which he either in person or by
his representative hath given his consent; and this I will venture to assert is the
great basis of British freedom. * * * I do not conceive it to be of the least im-
portance by whom our property is taken away so long as it is taken without our con-
sent.

Oration March 5, 177$ :

No man or body of men can, without bein^ guilty of flagrant injustice, claim a
right to dispose of the persons and acquisitions of any other mnn or hoihy of men,
unless it can be proved that such a right has arisen from some compact between the
parties in which it has been explicitly and freely granted. * • • Even anarchy
itself (though truly to be deprecated), is infinitely less dangerous to mankind than
arbitral^ government. Anarchy can be of but short duration. But tyranny, when
once established, entails its curses on a nation to the latest period of time.

Declaration of rights^ Maryland :

The right of the people to participate in the legislature, is the best security of
liberty and the foundation of all free government.

8* Iflis. 4 54

36 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

Madisou :

The right of suffrage in certain! v one of the fundamental articles of repablicAn eov-
eruiuent, and ought not to be left t.o be regalated by the legislatnre. A gradoal
abridgement of this right has been the mode in which aristocracies have be«n bvilt
on the ruius of popular forms. (Elliott's debates.)

Speakiug of the District of Colatnbia he says :

A municipal legislatnre derived from their own safErages will of coarse be allowed
them.- (Federalist.)

Dr. Frankliu *^ quoted as arbitrary the "British statute setting forth
the danger of tumultuous meetings, and under that pretext narrowing
down the right of suffrage • • • observing that this statate was
goon followed by another under the succeeding parliament, sabjecting
the people who had no votes to pecaliar hardships.'^ (Elliott^s Debates.)

Senator Morton, of Indiana :

The path of deity is the path of safety, and that i»to organize this Grovernraent in
Accordance with the principles of republican govemment so far as we can do it ; and
I believe the path of duty consists in giving the people oi the District the control of
their local and domestic affairs. (Cong. Globe, February 12; 1675, p. 120.)

Exclusive legislation over the District — Madison :

The indispensable necessity of complete authority at the seat of Government car*
ries its own evidence with it. It is a power exercised by every legislature of the
Union, I might say of the entire world by virtne of its general supremacy. (Feder-
alist.)

Chief Justice Woodward, of Pennsylvania:

Exclusive legislation, exclusive of what f Exclusive of the legislation of the
States. That is the plain meaning of that portion of the Constitution. (Cong. Globe,
4l8t Cong., pt. 1, page 644.)

Hon. Samuel J. Bandall :

I am inclined to believe, Judging from the rules of common sense, that this is cor-
rect, especially in view of the citation from Judge Story, which clearly establishes
the right of Congress to delegate the legislative power in reference to this District.
* * * Nothing can be feared in my Judgment ttom delegating this power to the
people. (Cong. Globe, 41 Cong, page 645.)

Senator Oliver P. Morton :

The word ^' exclusive^' there means that it shall be entirely taken from the States
which cede it ; that the States ceding it shall lose all control over it, Uiat it shall be
exclnsively in Congress so far as the States ceding it are concerned; bnt it never
meant that all legislative power or all government shonld be directly exercised by
Congress. (Cong. Record, 43d Cong., vol. 3, part 1, page 191.)

Senator Logan :

I maintain that the same principle applies as to the question of the rights of citi-
zens in the regulation of their municipal affairs in the city of Washin^on that ap-
plies to all other cities. * * * The rights of the citizens here are the same as the
rights of citizens everywhere else in cities. (Cong. Record, vol. 3, pt. 1, page 123.)

Lord Coke :

The very act of taxing those who are not represented' appears to me to deprive
them of their most essential rights as freemen, and if continued, seems to be in effect
an entire disfranchisement of every civil right.

Wm. H. Seward :

In accordance with the opinion adopted as early as any political opinions I ever
had, and cherished as long, that the right of samage is not a mere conventional
right, but an inherent natural right, of which no government can rightly deprive
any adult man who is subject to its authority, and obligated to its support.

Boston Daily Globe, January 12, 1886 :

The only guaranty for good, honest government for us, as for our fathers, lies in
the regular submission of all our public affairs to the jury of the whole people. As an
educative agency alone the annual elections of Massachusetts are worth all and more
than all they cost, whether in time, energy, or money.

DISTRICT OF COLU>iBIA REPRESENTATION. 37

In this District '^ more than fifty thousand boys are growing up to
man^s estate without any practical knowledge of the duties of citizen-
ship. They read of elections in the States^ just as they read of elections
in England and France, but they have no object lessons in democracy.
In a few years we shall have a raillion inhabitants in tlie District, most
of whom will have been reared in a community destitute of suffrage.
Will that be such a population as ought to exist in the capital city of
the greatest republic on earth ! We think not."

New York World, April 17, 1887— City Home Rule Wanted:

The experiment of transferriDg the main reBponsibility for the government of this
city to Albany has not proved a success. It was an expedient relied apon by a large
class of our citizens to secure relief from political duties. • * * The plan does not
work. The voters throughout the State are not going to lie awake nights consider-
ing our immediate comfort and welfare. And if their representatives vote in favor
of a nuisance here they have no special inceutive to inquire into the motives therefor.
The people of this city have invited a virtual despotism and now they are living
nnder it.

Letter of Appleton P. Olark^ Esq., to Senator Blmr.

Washingtok, D. 0., June 14, 1890.

Deab Sib : In November last, I sent a letter of which Exhibit "A"
is a copy, accompanied with a document, of which Exhibit "B" is a
copy, to a number of citizens of the District of Columbia. In reply, I
received answers orally and in writing. Those in writing I hand yon
herewith, and I wilKsay that those received orally were substantially
the same in effect. With here and there an exception, there is unanim-
ity in favor of the proposed amendment, and ^ desire that it, or some
other of like import, may be submitted by Congress to the several State
legislatures for their consideration and action.

You will notice, on reading the letters of citizens, that some of them
favor not only the proposed amendment granting representation in Con-
gress and the college of electors to the District, but also a local govern-
ment republican in form.

While I am not now urging the latter measure, I may say, in pass-
ing, that all or nearly all the more valuable public improvements in the
District were originally suggested and mapped out by officers serving
under the elective principle, in local governments republican in form. In
proof of this claim I refer to the messages of mayors and to the numer-
ous reports and acts of the city councils. The principal suggestion for
a public improvement made since the people have been deprived of suf-
frage was the proposed tunnel. It is sincerely to be hoped that no one
will accredit this tunnel business to ^^ unrestricted suffrage."

What I claim for local self-government at the capital is, that under
it the people uniformly elected officers of good character and intelli-
gence, certainly the equals of their unchosen representatives ; that they
maintained order and protected life and property and that they sug-
gested nearly all the more valuable public improvements of the Dis-
trict, such as erecting suitable buildings for the public schools, rectify-
ing the profile of the streets and avenues, and grading, parking, and
paving the same, and the like. They not only mapped out tlfe work to
be done but they commenced doing it. They built school-houses in a
creditable manner and they laid asphalt pavements which are unsur-
passed by any since laid. Says the Star of July 29, 1889 :

There are asphalt pavements and asphalt pavements and the difference between the
good and the bad is a very wide one, as V^ashington knows to its cost. Perhaps the

38 ' DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

beat example we have of what a pavement ought to be, is the section on Vennoot
Avenne between TI nud I streets, and it is to be regretted that more streete were rut
BO fortunate as to be thus favored.

And more streets undonbtedly would have been "thus fevered" bad
not popular government in the District been overthrown. Thereafter the
control of public works passed from elective officers responsible to tax-
payers, to appointive officers independfent of them. The result was prob-
ably not foreseen, but it was none the less disastrous. Within a compara-
tively short time obligations high up in the millions were incurred, and
vast sums of money expended. A debt was hung to the necks of District
tax-payers unequaled elsewhere — in this country, at least. The matter
grew to be a national scandal ; but it was not, as has been falsely
charged, a result of popular sufirage, or self-government in the District
Says Senator Allison, Vol. 3, part 2, page 1204, of Congressional Bec-
ord, 1876:

It was the board of public works that created this debt, a board created by oar
laws, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

Speaking of this board and recalling the evolution in the District
government from democracy to oligarchy reminds roe of what Hallam
tells us in his great work on constitutions, namely : That "all govern-
ments begin as pure democracies, drift into oligarchies f where we are
now), and end in monarchies.'' At the end of the first hundred years
of the Republic our local governmentfindsitself drifted into an oligarchy.
The next step is monarchy, and some people think they see, even now,
a tendency that way, among the apologists and beneficiaries of the
l>resent order of things. The common people, hotrever, are very fiar
from being satisfied with the evolution already made from democracy
to oligarchy, and are not likely to rest quiet should a further evolution
in the interest of the privileged classes be undertaken.

In autocratic Russia and aristocratic England local self government
]irevails to a large extent. It is claimed that Birmingham in England
*'i8 the best governed city in the world." But "the plan in Birming-
ham," says a writer in the June number of Harper's Monthly, ** is to
distribute the power among as many persons as possible, even outside
the council ; to interest and make responsible as many citizens as pos-
sible— all, or nearly all, the officers are elected by the voters."

We are reminded (among the apologies made and excuses given), how-
ever, that the abandonment of the elective principle for the appointing
system in the District of Columbia was the desire to simplify goveni-

meut. Of such attempts Webster says :

•

The object of a free people is the preservation of their liberty; and liberty is only
to be preserved by muiutuining constitutional restraints and just divisions of political
power. Nothing is more dangerous than the pretense of a desire to simplify govern-
ment. The simplest govemmtMits are despotisms ; the next simplest, limited mon-
archies; but all republics, all governments of law, must impose nnmeronslimitAtioiiB
and qualitications of authority. This is the very essence of free political iostitotioiis.

But I have said more on this subject than I intended.

On the other subject, the question of District representation in CJon-
gress and in the electoral college, I will be brief. The facts are these:
The District of Columbia contains probably between 225,000 and 235,000
inhabitants, and this number is rapidly increasing. At any rate there
are more people in the Disttict than in either one of several of the
States, and they pay more taxes than are paid by either one of a num-
ber of States, and yet, says Mr. Wilson, of West Virginia, " at no point
touching the adm\u\stTat\o\\ oV V\\^\\ o\^\\ *\^«v\^? l^s. this right, or ex-
pedient or even jwat 1 1 V\\u\\v \\ \^ w^\\\\^\* ^^ ^W5i\^^^^<^\^>sicess^\ ^<.

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 59

Columbia, as compared with the aggregate of States, is small ; but its
political enslavement involves a principle not so very small — injustice
never is. You may tax the people of tbe District without allowing them
any voice or vote in the matter, and you may dominate them by officers
in whose selection they are not consulted, but sooner or later such dis-
crimination against them may be expected to work harm to theBepub-
lie. It did so in the analogous case of discrimination against a race^
which resuUexl in civil war. Kor is the h rm of injustice to suborditiiate
communities confined to republican governmenl^; England lost her
American Colonies for attempting to subject them to taxation without
represen tilt ion. The Colonies objected to being taxed by a Parliament
in which they were not represented. It was a question of principle,
and not of unwillingness to bear their share of the public burden.

*'They foresaw in the claim of Parliament a seminal principle of mis-
diief, the germ of unjust power," and they stamped upon it and destroyed
it, except as to one small germ. That little germ, unfortunately, they
allowed to live and take root in the District of Columbia, and from it
has grown the " mischief which the Colonies would not tolerate in their
own ca«e, namely, taxation without representation. True this germ has
matured slowly, and, like the century plant, has only unfolded its blos-
som of '* unjust power ^' at the end of a hundred years. But the " sem-
inal princii)le of mischief" was in the Constitution all the while, and is
there yet ; and it is the purpose of the proposed amendment to take it
out, not by withdrawing power over the District from Congress, but by
allowing the District to be represented in Congress. The proposition
of the amendment is, as I understand it, a proposition to put the people
of the District of Columbia on an equality with the people of the States
in the national legislature and in the electoral college.

It still leaves them without an}' right of local self government, and
their Eeprcsentatives will have no more power over local affairs here
than other members of Congress, except only the power of giving infor-
mation. Congress must have information of District needs from some-
body, and whoever is officially authorized to give it will be able to shape
and greatly influence District legislation. This is a very important
matter, as the District has learned to its cost. Should the amendment
prevail, this matter will be lodged where it ought to be, with Repre-
sentatives chosen by the people and responsible to them. I am aware
that this whole question of self-government is somewhat one-sided. It
is hard to demonstrate that two and two make four, and apparently a
waste of time to argue at this late date that all American citizens ought
to be treated alike. Nevertheless, I want to add one other suggestion.
The framers of the Constitution foresaw that changes in it might be-
come necessary either from growth of population or other causes, and
they therefore provided for its amendment. The condition of things at
the capital has greatly changed during the hundred years since it was
founded. Its population has grown from a few farmers tilling the
ground on which the city is built to hundreds of thousands, and they
are taxed the same as the people of the States are taxed for the sup-
port of the Government, and are liable to conscription for its defense in
case of insurrection or invasion the same as the people of the States,
and yet they have no Hepresentatives chosen by themselves and respon-
sible to themselves to look after their interests. Manifestly this is un-
fair and unjust.

Kespectfully;

Applbton p. G\*k:»SL.

Hon. H. W. Blaib,

United Stutes Senate,

40 DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA REPBESENTATION.

Exhibit A.
Circular letter of AjppUtm P. ClarTc^ Esq.

Washington, D. C, X{nfemher7, 1689.

Dbar Sir: I inclose herewith for yoar consideration a copy of a proposed am^nd-
meut to the Constitution of the United States, intended to confer upon the people of
the District of Columhia the common rights of American citizenship. It pruvides
that the people of the District shall be represented in Congress, which makes their
laws, and in the electoral college, which chooses their Chief Execative.

The position of the District with reference to all the States is precisely the same m
that of a city to the State in which it is located, and should be dealt with in the same
way. This can not now he done for want of constitutional authority.

'The people of a city in a State are part of the body politic, and have a voice in their
State legislature and in choosing their chief executive, or governor ; but the people
of the District are no part of the body politic, and have no voice in their legislature,
nor in choosing their Chief Executive. They have absolutely no part or lot in the
government placed over them, except to pay taxes. Certainly such a state of thmgi
can not be defended as republican, and it clefended at all, it must be on the groond
that republican institutions are a railure, or that a despotism is better.

The proposed amendment aims to do away with this reproach upon republican
government, and .to wipe out an unjust discrimination against the people of the Dis-
trict, n appeals to the American sense of fair play and equftl political rights for all,
and to the justice of Congress and the people of the States.

You will notice that the proposed amendment is wholly outside the question of local
government. If adopted, Congress will have exactly the same control it has now.

I should be ^lad to obtain your views respecting the proposed amendment for the
purpose of laying the same before the proper committees of Congress at its approach-
ing session.

Very respectfully,

Appubton p. Clark.

Exhibit B.

JDUtriot of Columbia.

[From CoDgreMional Reoord of April 4, 1888.]

Mr. Blair : I present the draught of a constitutional amendment proposing to give
the District of Columbia representation in both Houses of Congress. I ask that the
proposed amendment, together with a short letter, be printed in the Record and re-
ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (Subsequently referred to the Committee

on Privileges aud Elections).

The papers are as follows :

(Proposed amendment to the Constitution.]

Whereas the people of the District of Columbia are subjected to taxation without
representation, contrary to a fundamental principle of all free government : There-
fore,

Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of t/te United States of America
in Congress assembled (two-thirds of both Houses concurring), That the following article
be proposed to the lefi^islatures of the several States as an amendment to the Constitu-
tion of the United States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said legislatures,
shall be valid as part of the Constitution, namely :

Article XVI.

Section 1. The District of Columbia shall be entitled to representation in the
Congress of the United States by one Senator, and by one or more Representatives,
according to the rule of apportionment established by Article XIY, of the Constitu-
tion. Said District shall also be entitled to as manv electors for President and Vice-
President of the United States as it has members o^ Congress.

Sbc. 2. Congress shall provide by law the time and manner of choosing the Sen-
ator, the Representative, or l^^i^t^Ti\A^.\'H«&> a.Yid the electors authorised by this
article.

- DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 41

[Letter.]

Washington, D. C, Marck 19, 18tj8.

Dear Sir:, I inclose herewith a draught of an amendment to the Constitntiou of
the United Statea conferrin^^ representation in Congress and in the electoral college
upon the people of the District of Colambia.

It will he noticed that the proposed amendment does not touch the question of
local government for the District, but leaves that matter^ where it is now, with Con-
fess. It simply aims to confer upon the people of the District some voice in the leg.
islature which makes their laws and imp<^8 their taxes, and in the election which
determines who shall supervise the execution of these laws.

There is no good reason that I can see why the people of the District, now estimated
at a quarter of a million in number, should be relieved of the common duties or denied
the common righfs of other citizens, but many why they should not. They are pro-
tected and taxed ; go to war and conduct themselves in peace like bthers ; and who
shHll sav they are not equally intelligent and patriotic f To excuse such a people
from political duties or to hold them in political slavery is not only injurious to thorn
but to the wliole people.

*' From all the history of the European world since the later days of the Roman Re-

Sublic," says Prof. Jolm Fiske in his article on ^'The Beginning of the American
devolution,'' iu the March number of the Atlantic, ^' there is no more important lesson
to be learned than this, that it is impossible for a free people to govern a dependent
people despotically without endangering its own freedom.^

What^ is meant by governing despotically was stated at the beginning of the cent-
ury by John Randolph.

*'' Political slavery,'' says Randolph, '' has been well defined to be that state in which
any community is divested of the power of self-government, and regulated by laws to
which its assent is not required and mav not be given." And he adds, '^ This species
of government is an experiment how tar freemen can be reconciled to live without
rigbte; an experiment daugeroos to the liberties of these States."

According to general acceptation, slavery implies not only subjection, but. that the
superior power may appropriate the earnings of the enslaved without their consent.
This is precisely what is done by taxatiou without representation. If a man or body
of men may levy i\ tax of I per cent, on other men's earnings without their consent,
they may levy a tax of 10 per cent., or 50 per cent., or even 100 per cent. There is no
limit. The governed are at the mercy of their governors.

This is depotism, pure and simple. Randolph declared such a state of things in
the District to be dangerous to the liberties of the States themselves, and Professor
Fiske says the teachings of history are against it. It is certainly a questionable ex<
ample for a republic to set. It allows citizens to shirk their poliiical duties. It
teaches the young men of the District that they have no political responsibilities.
When a District rather now asks his bon, fresh from the high school or the college,
about his political rights and duties, ho gets for answers, " What is that to me f I
have no concern with such mattera." Sometim<^-s the answer is worse, indicating a
feeling that political duties are somehow disreputable, if not actually degrading.
They take notice of the ridicule heaped upon mistakes made iu attempts to perform
such duties. The changes are rung on ''ward politicians" and ''Willard Hall"
meetings, until it has come to require some courage in the capital of the Republic
for grown men even to confess that they favor a government of and by the peoplo
as well as for them. Every community has, no doubt, ita turbulent classes and its
cranks : but is that any reason why free government should be abandoned f Are the
American people willing to have their capital made the center for fostering ideas
adverse to their form of government f Is this the way that the exercise of despotism
over a few people is to work out the overthrow of free government for the many f
It looks like it.

Bn|i I did not intend, Mr. Senator, to argue the case in this letter, but desired only
to submit a proposition to grant the rights of citizenship to the people of the national
capital, with a view to its presentation to and consideration by the Senate.
Very respectfully,

Applrton P. Clark.

Hon. H. W. Blair,

United States Senate.

Lord Coke tells us that it was '* against Magna Charta and the franchises of the land
for freemen to be taxed but by their own consent in Parliament." (5 Bancroft, 286.)

In 1803, on a resolution proposing to recede the District of Colombia to the States
of Maryland and Virginia, John Randolph, of Roanoke, took occasion to say, that he
had opposed ''assuming jurisdiction over the territory from a predilectioa f<^^ t\s»»»fi^
principles in which the American Revolution oiiginatM— |rom a jvnaVtVxc^ WvoX t«.^'i^

42 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

oitffht not to he hound bif laws in whoie formation they had no part It was tbe \iolatioo of
this priDciple, and not the extent to which it was carried, that had laid the foimdi-
tion of our independence.

• ••«•• •

But it is denied that the Territory is in a state of slavery, becAiuie, aaysthe gentle-
man, it implies that we are tyrants. The term slavery, sir, excites in tbe mind of man
an odious idea. There are, however, varions specimens of this wretched conditioa;
domestic slavery', of all others the most oppressive, and political slavery, which h«
been well detined to he that state in which any community is divested of thepower^
self-government y and regulated by laws to which its assent is not required and may not lie
given. ♦ • •

Sir, a form of government such as described, however mild and beneficent it may
be in its administration, places those subject to it in a state of political slavery. As
to the existence, then, of this species of slavery, it matters not wlietber the people
of the District^were regarded as the favorite son and feasted on tbe fatted calf, or
were exposed to the cruel rigor of a stepmother. » • «^

Men in such a situation are, as was eloquently said, fit instruments to enslsYe
their fellow men. This species of government is an experiment how far freemen eon ie
reconciled to live mthout rights; an experiment dangerous to the liberties of these States
(House of Representatives, February 9, 1803.)

" Our fathers,'' says Daniel Webster, '^ accomplished tbe Revolntioo on a sthefc
question of principle. The Parliament of Great Britain asserted a right to tax tbe
Colonies in all cases whatsoever ; and it was precisely on this qoestion that they
made the Revolution turn. The amount of taxation was trifiing, bat tbe claim ifa«lf
was inconsistent y ith liberty ; and that was, in their eyes, enoagli. It was agaiMt
the recital of an act of Parliament, rather tbau against any safiering under its
enactments, that they took up arms. They went to war against a preamble. They
fought seven years against a declaration. They poured out their treasures and their
blood like water in a contest against an assertion which those less sagacious and less
schooled in the principles of civil liberty would have regarded as barren phraseology
or more parade of words. They saw in the claim of the British Parliament a seminal
principle of mischief, the germ of unjust power ; and they dragged it forth from on-
derneath irs disguises and destroyed it to the smallest fiber." (4 Webster's Works,
109. Senate, May 7, 1834.)

Chief- Justice Ellsworth declared that '^Taxation and representation ought to go
together."

^' I will freely spend,'' said Benjamin Franklin, *' nineteen shillings in the pound to
defend my right of giving or refusing the other shilling.'' (6 Bancroft, 6.)

*' Don't'pay for an ounce of the damned tea," wrote Christopher Gadsden, as he for-
warded a ship load of rice to the poor of Boston from the planters of Carolina. (7 Ban-
croft, 6'<J.)

The colonial assembly of Virginia, under the lead of Patrick Henry, declared that
taxation by themsolveH, or by persons chosen by themselves to represent them, was
the distioguishing characteristic of British freedom; that the general assembly of
the colouy have the sole right and power to lay taxes on the inhabitants, and any
attempt to vest such power in any other persons tended to destroy British as well as
American freedom. (5 Bancroft, 275.)

The town of Bostou, by the pen of Samuel Adama, wrote : '* We claim British rights
not by charter only ; we were born to them. If taxes are laid upon us in any shape
without our having a legal represe^^tation where they are laid, are we not reduced
from the character of tree subject-s to the miserable state of tributary slaves P (5
Bancroft, 197.)

'^To U8 the ministry appears to have run mad," said Robert R. Livingston; aud he -
added, looking forward to resistance, '^ we, in New York, shall do as well as our
neighbors." (5 Bancroft, 198.)

** It is not the tax," wrote a New Yorker, '^ it is the unconstitutional manner of im-
posing it that [h the great subject of uneasiness to the colonies." ^5 Bancroft, 2^.)

^' Locke lays it down," said one, *^ that no man has a right to tliat which another
may take from him ; " and Hopkius, of Rhode Island, ask^~

'* On what footing, then, is our propertv if the people in America are to be taxed by
tne people in England t " (5 Bancroft, •iSG.)

'' But the members of Parliament," argued the royalists, ** are men of the highest
character for wisdoni, justice, aud integrity, aud incapable of dealing nninstly."

'^ Admitting this to be true," retorted Hopkins, ^* one who is bound to obey the will
of another is as really a slave, though he may have a good master, as if he had a bad
one ; and this is stronger in politic bodies than in natural ones." (5 Bancroft, d90.)

*' It is an insult to the most coqiujou understanding," said Habersham, of Georgia,
" to talk of our being virtually represented in Parliament."

" Are persouM chosen for tUo ti5\)tft»\ivvt'AUv«a oC London or Bristol.'l said tbe Rev.
Dr, Alison, '* in like mauer cUoaew to \i^t^^Tft'^\iV.^\;\N«A^l^\iA^^^V^va»%.\A5i«^t<iaf

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 43

-Have two inon chosen to rcproHent a poor borough iu Eogland, that has sold it<e vot^s
to the highest bidder, any pretense to say that they represent Virginia or Pennsyl-
vania?" (5 Bancroft, 290.)

These citations sufficiently indicate the prevailing view on this subject of taxation
without representation a century ugo. The strange thing about ilf is, that the fath-
ejrs made one exception to the rule, and a conspicuous one. They excepted the capi-
tal of their own Republic. Everywhere else the rule was enforced. But here they
provided for taxation without representation. They gave to Congress the power to
exercise exclusive legislation over the District, which "includes the power of taxing
it " (5 Wheat., 317) ; and they did not give to tne people of the District representation
in Congress. It is to wipe out this exception and correct this wrong that an amend-
ment to the Constitution becomes necessary.

According to the last census, the District of Columbia has a population larger than
several of the States :

District of Columbia 177, 6;M

Oregon 174,768

Delaware 146,608

Nevada 62,366

In valuation of property it exceeds a nnmber of the States :

District of Columbia ^ $99,401,787

Nebraska 90,585,782

Vermont 86,806.775

Arkansas 86,409,:i64

Colorado 74,471,693

Delaware 59,951,843

Oregon ; 52,522,084

Florida 30,938,309

Nevada 29,201,459

In addition to indirect taxation, which operates upon the District the same as
the States, it has paid |6, 454,907.03 internal- revenue taxes since 1862. During the
last (reported) year it paid a greater internal-revenue tax than either of seven States:

District of Columbia |142,172.10

Alabama 78,542.76

Arkansas 97,630.38

Maine 50,286.45

Mississippi 42,608.14

Nevada , 70,419.50

South Carolina 100,146.85

Vermont... 30.119.75

Its local taxation is about two and a half millions ($2,374,914.53).

Letter of William 0, Dodge^ esq.

Washington, D. O., July 23, 1890.

My Dear Sir : I forgot to say that if you want the most graphic his-
tory of the snppression of popular government in the District, and of
the operations of the absolutism established by act of 1871, ever written,
you will find it in Senate Report No. 572, second session, Forty-fourth
Congress, and House of Representatives Report No. 647, first session
Forty-third Congress ; this latter by joint committee, of which Senator
Allison was chairman in 1874.

For further information see also House of Representatives Report 627,
first session, Forty third Congress ; House of Representatives Report 64,
second session, Forty-fourth Congress ; House of Representatives Re-
lK)rt 207, third session, Forty-sixth Congress; Senate Report 136, first
session. Thirty -fourth Congress ; Senate Report 479, second session,
Forty-third Congress.

As to home rule iu District, see statements of McComas in Record,
April 10, 1890, page 3330; Candler, page 3332; Dockery^ pa^e aa^s
McComas, Record, June 29, 1890, page llS&i '^c*io\Ixw6^«sA'^^«eL^^^!»ss^^
page 7190.

44 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA EEPEESENTATION.

Say8 S. S. Cox, lu North American Beview of December, 1886, page
677:

Next to the equality of the States, and inclaBive of it, is the system of loeal govern-
ment far local purposest and the General Goyemment for general purposes only.

The party, new or old, which forgets this exposition has already forged
the keys to the vaults of the Treasury and the enchanted chambers of
power.

Yours, truly,

W. G. DOBOE.
Hoa. H. W. Blaib.

[Bobert Reybnrn, M. D. Office* 714 Thirteenth street ; retidenoe, 2129 F street I

Washington, D. 0,, Ifovember 20, 1889.

Dear Sib : In reply to your of November 7 (just received), I wish to
state that I cordially and heartily approve the amendment proposed by
Senator Blair, giving the District of Columbia representation in the
electoral college and in Congress. In my opinion the present political
status of the District of Columbia is a disgrace to the Republic and can
not too soon be remedied.

I will lay the matter before the Committee of One Hundred at their
next meeting (December 4), and hope to receive the committee's favor-
able indorsement.

Yours, respectfully,

BOBEBT BEYBUBN, M. D.

Mr. Appleton P. Clabk.

[Note. — ^The Committee of One Hundred, of which Dr. Beybnrn is
chairman, subsequently considered the proposed amendment and ap-
proved the same and ordered its approval to be communicated to Con-
gress by a subcommittee specially appointed for the purpose, of whom
Dr. Reybum is chairnmn. See their memorial on page 2, ante.]

WASHrNGTON, D. C, November 19, 1889.

Dbab Sib : I regret that the time at my disposal is so limited that
1 am obliged to reply very hurriedly* to your important communication.

Your project looks to an amendment to the Constitution of the
United States which would give equal rights to the people of the Dis-
trict of Columbia with those enjoyed by the rest of the people in this
country. I consider your proposition a perfectly just one. It has
always seemed to me an absurdity that the inhabitants of the capital
city of a country, founded upon the belief that the people are capable
of self-government, should be disfranchised. The objections urged by
the opponents of any change are :

First. That it involves a change a in the Constitution of the United
States, and that such a change impugns the sagacity of those who
framed that instrument.

Second. That mob violence at the seat of government might over-
awe the legislators asaembY^A m Cio\i^t^%^.

DISTRICT OF COL.UMBIA REPRESENtATXON. 45

To the first of these objectious I reply that the Coustitation of the
United States has already been amended by fifteen lately added arti-
cles without any such effect as'that feared or any impugnment of the fore-
sight, sagacity, au^l intelligence of those who framed it.

To the second proposition I reply that if they could have foreseen the
marvelous changes which a few years have brought forth since- they
have passed away, they would have found some other met;hod for the
government of the District of Columbia than that which they estab-
lished. It seems to me quite probable that they themselves might
have had some few lingering doubts of the people — the result of tr^i-
tional belief in monarchial institutions — which induced them to retain
in some degree the substance of monarchial characteristics at the capi-
tal. It is quite certain to me that if they had ever realized the fact
that the District of Columbia would have become what it now is, they
would never have disfranchised its people. What in their day con-
tained only a few hundred inhabitants, living in a wilderness, is now a
population of 250,000 of as intelligent, progressive, and patriotic citizens
as are to be found in any part of the CTnited States. All intelligeat
people are looking forward to the time when this District and the city
of Washington will contain a million people, and perhaps more, for our
situation, climate, and soil are certainly as favorable as those of Vienna,
St. Petersburg, Paris, or Loudon itself. The founders of the Constitu-
tion, if they feared mob violence, could never have dreamed that the
time occupied in going from Washington to San Francisco would be
less than it required to go from Washington to Philadelphia in their
day, and that Congress would sit, in the year 1889, practically in the
presence of sixty-five million people.

It seemed a small matter in their day to disfranchise the very few
whom they thought would occupy the seat of government, but does any
one suppose that they would ever have thought of disfranchising what
will soon become a million of intelligent citizens f There are States
which have not the population of Washington City, and I believe the
time will come when the people of this District will ask admission as a
State — as the State of Columbia. There are objections urged by many
of our wealthy citizens because of the turmoil and confusion over politi-
cal rights which would arise at the time of elections, disturbing the
quiet and ease of the wealthier classes, but I do not believe it is the
sense of the people that this Government was established for their ease
and comfort. It is in the turmoil and excitement of political contest
that freedom is born, and it could no more injure us than it does other
great cities of the United States. I have even heard it urged that the
Treasury of the United States might be placed in jeopardy, but how is
it in other cities where there are United States mints and other store-
houses of the treasures of the United States f It is better to trust to
the ability of the people to govern themselves than to retain a form of
government which causes a great and growing population to lose their
self-respect and engenders a feeling of discontent and degradation be-
cause they are not admitted to the equal rights of the citizens of their
country.

You will see by what I have written that I fully agree with you in
the measures you propose, but that I look upon it as only one step on
the ladder of progress.
Yours, truly,

£. F. Bealr.

Appleton p. Clark, Esq.,

119 Sixth street NortheasU

46 DISTr/cT of COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

Washington, D. C, December 15, 1889.

Dear Sir : I am iu favor of the proposed amendment to tbe Gon-
stitntiou of the United States, a copy of which you inclose to me. I see
no valid reason why the i^eople of the District of Golnmbia should not
be represented in both Houses of Congress and in the Electoral College.
If anybody else does 1 should be glad to have them point it oat.

It is apparent that the proposed amendment does not touch the ques-
tion of local government ior the District, nor does it need to. Congress
has now supreme legislative control over that matter and can restore
to the people of the District a republican form of Government when-
ever it pleases. I mean such a form of local government as Madison
says was intended by the framers of the Constitution, and as the earlier
Congresses established, and as States gave to their cities. Should
Congress withdraw its aristocratic agencies and return to a republican
or popular form of government for the District, it would relieve itself
from the ever-increasing burden of legislation for a municipality which,
in my judgment, it should never have undertaken. No State legislatnie,
so far as I know, undertakes to act as aldermen for cities or is willing
to fritter away its time in making municipal ordinances, and why shonld
Congress f The fact is, the people of the District of Columbia, like the
people of other cities, ought to be empowered and required to make
their own city ordinances and attend to their own purely local aflfairs,
subject, of course, to the general supervision and control of Congress.
Yours, truly,

M. G. Emert.

Appleton p. Clark, Esq.

Freedom Post-Offioe,
Carroll Oaunty^ Md.y May 25, 1890.

I cordially and fully concur in the views above expressed by Ex- Mayor
Emery, and trust that Congress will not hesitd*te to adopt them as an
act of justice to a community who are so well qualified for self-govern-
ment, of which the past history of the District of Columbia furnishes
conclusive evidence.

James 6. Berbbt.

Washington, D. C, May 27, 1890.

I fully concur in what is stated in the above and foregoing, and trust
that the time will soon come when local self government will again pre-
vail in the District of Columbia.

SATIiES J. BOWEN.

Washington, D. C., November 20, 1889.

Dear Sir: I thank you for your letter of the 7th instantlnclosing a
copy of a proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States,
intended to confer on the people of the District of Columbia the
common rights of American citizenship.

The anomaly of tlie capital of what is claimed to be the model re-
public of the world being governed by a trio of men totally irrespon-
sible, who are appointed by the President without consulting the inter-
ests or wishes of the i>eople, who impose taxes at discretion and dis-
burse the proceeds at t\\ek\v >n\W wti^L^Xftaavw:^^ wbo are above and beyond
the influence of tbe great ma»a ol o\it \>^vo^»J^«^> ^^1 ^^^\i(«^V»ked

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 47

npou by the uation», as it is, as a coutradictiou, and with astonishment
and wonder. A despotism more complete, an oligarchy more antago-
nistic to republican institutions, never existed under an absolute mon-'
archy. As John Randolph truly said, ^^ this species of government is
an experiment showing how far freemen can bo reconciled to live with-
out rights, all experiment dangerous to the liberty of these States.''

While the amendment proposed would correct the evil in a measure,
for myself, I would have preferred that it had gone further and provided
for the District a form of government by the people not materially dif-
ferent from that of some of the States, subject, o^ course, to the revis-
ion and approval of Congress. I would also have provided that the
Senators, members of Congress, and electors should be elected by the
votes of the people of the District, and not leave it to Congress to
decide how they are to be chosen, for in that case all might be appointed
by the President as the Commissioners now are.

The question cften occurs to me. Why is this Districjb, the capit-al of
the Uepubiic, selected as the locality for totally disfranchising the peo-
ple and depriving them of every i>olitical right ! Why are we taxed
without representation when other communities decide for themselves
how much and for what purposes they shall be taxed f Are not the
]>eople of Washington as intelligent, patriotic, and capable of governing
themselves as the people of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore,
Chicago, or St. Louis f Why, then, single out this city, the capital of
this great Republic, and make an exception of it t If any satisfactory
reason can be given I would like to hear it. I can but think that a
man who is contented to sit down and quietly endure the poor privilege
of living under the form of government imposed on the people here is
more fit to be a slave than a freeman.

I trust that the amendment will be adopted. It is in good hands.
Senator Blair is the man to push through successfully any measure of
reform, especially such as are calculated to advance the interests, the
liberties, and well-being of the people. For the active part you have
taken in this effort to relieve the District of a vital wrong, you deserve
and will receive the gratitude of the thinking portion of the community.
Most respectfully,

Saylbs J. BOWEN.

Appleton p. Clabk, Esq.

Washington, D. C, December 28, 1889.

Dear Sir: I have considered the constitutional amendment offered
by Senator Blair, proposing to give the District of Columbia represen-
tation in Congress; I heartily concur and approve the measure.

It does seem strange that the people of the United States would tol-
erate such a system of government as exists in the District of Columbia,
aristocratic in form and aristocratic in practice. Nearly a quarter of
million of people governed absolutely by men whom they have no choice
whatever in selecting.

There are a chosen few in this District who prefer the present system
of government to any other that could be established, but the mass of
the people, if the question was submitted to them, would gladly show
their disapproval of the existing form of government.
Very truly, yours, etc.,

James H. Smith..

Applbton p. Clabk, Esq.

48 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

HuMB & Company, 807 Pennsylvania Avenue,

Wa^hingtauj D. C, November 25, 1889.

Dear Sir : In reply to your favor of 7th I beg to say that 3-ou fully
express my sentiments in regard to conferring upon the people of this
District tile right of representation in Congress which makes the laws
under which we are governed. I have from the start of oar present
form of government opposed it, it being un-American and despotic, giv-
ing power to three Commissioners, in my humble opinion onconstitn-
tional and wrong. I. wish you every success and will be pleased to help
bring about the much to be desired result.
Very respectfully, yours,

Frank Hume.

A. P. Clark, Esq.

Washington, D. C, December 2, 1889.

Dear Sir : Replying to your request that I express my views regard-
ing the proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States,
1 will state that I heartily concur in the same and desire to call partic-
ular attention to the bitter hardship which disfranchisement inflicts upon
the District volunteers of 1861, who were more in proportion to popula-
tion than any other State or Territory. These men, at a very critical
moment, protected the capital and were loyal to their country, and that
country should never have deprived them of the common rights of a
citizen.

It is a galling fact that we are taxed without being represented, and
I hope we may invest our sons with the right of franchise which was
vested in us by our fathers.

The right of suffrage is a very familiar topic to us all, and I could
hardly enlarge upon what has already been said ; but one thing is pal-
pable, the people of the District managed their affairs far better when
they elected their oflScers than they have been managed since.

There is no doubt but that this amendment, if advocated by a few of
the intelligent minds of Congress, will receive the required two-thirds
vote.

Very truly, yours,

IL J. Beall.

Appleton p. 'Clark, Esq.

Washington, D. C, November 29, 1889.

Dear Sir : I am in receipt of your communication containing copy
of proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States, in-
tended to confer on us, the inhabitants of the. District of Columbia,
the right enjoyed in common by all other citizens of this great nation,
that of representation. It is a curions anomaly in the history of the
greatest nation on earth, as we are pleased to style ourselves, profess-
ing to be the freest and most enlightened, that in a district 10 miles
square, a quarter of a million inhabitants have not any of thq rights of
citizenship. Some are pleased to say that the District is the better off
on that account as it has the whole nation looking after its welfare.
But it was not for tb\a pv\tpo^e> \Xi^\» xXifc v^^'sfewv %\aXA qC affairs was
brought into existeace. An CTaxaVx^^XXaxv qH >iXv^ ^\mnm^ Va^w^^ xi^^xi^

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION, 49

tbe creation of the District of Columbia aud the disfranchisement of
those residents therein will, it is believed, show the utter absurdity of
continuing the present status, or rather, lack of status.

The first Congress of the Revolution met on the 5th of September,
1774, at Philadelphia. On the 20th of December they met in Balti-
more, on account of tlie approach of the British army. For a like
reason they met at Lancaster on the 27th day of September, 1777, and
adjourned the same day to Yorktown, where they assembled on the 30th,
and continued until the 27th of June, 1778, when they adjourned to
meet in Philadelphia on the 2d of July upon receipt of information
from General Washington that the enemy had evacuated that city. On
the 4th of June, 1783, resolutions were passed in the legislatures of
New York and Maryland, respectively, looking to the cession of Kings-
ton and Annapolis, towns in the respective States, as the x>ei'inanent
abode of this peregrinating and browbeaten Government.

On the 2l8t of June, 1773, it was resolved by Congress: '^That the
President and the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania be in-
formed that the authority of the United States having been this day
grossly insulted by the disorderly and menacing appearance of a body
of armed soldiers about the place within which Congress were assem-
bled, and the peace of this city being endangered by the mutinous dis-
position of the said troops now in the barracks, it is, in the opinion of
Congress, necessary that effectual measures be immediately taken for
sup])orting the public authority.'^ Other resolutions were, that should
adequate aud prompt measures be not taken by the State of Pennsylva-
nia, Congress should be convened at Trenton or Princeton by the Presi-
dent ; and that the Secretary of War be directed to have the necessary
steps instituted for suppressing any disturbance that might ensue.
Failing to obtain satisfactory action from the Supreme Council of Penn-
sylvania, Congress met at Princeton on the 30th of June, 1783, upon the
summons of the President. From July, 1783, to the 24th of April,
1800, a peridl of seventeen years. Congress had been continually agitat-
ing the question of securing a permanent seat of government. Tbe basis
of all the numerous resolutions offered was that a suitable location, the
right of soil, and an exclusive legislation, or such legislation as Con-
gress should desire to exercise, be obtained.

On the 13th of May, 1800, President Adams, in his speech at the
opening of Congress, said :

I coDgr.italate the people of the (Jnited States on assembling of Congress at tbe
'permanent seat of their Government. * * * It is with you, gentlemen, to con-
sider whether the local powers over the District of Colnmbia, Tested by the Consti-
tution ill the Congress of the United States, shall be immediately exercised. If, in
your opinion, tbe important trust on^rht now to be executed, yon can not fail, while
performing it, to take into view the fature probable situation of the Territory, for the
happiness of which you are about to provide. You will consider it €t8 the capital of a
great nation, advancing with unexampled rapidityy in arts, in commerce, in wealthy and in
population.

On the 31st day of December, 1800, on a motion to recommit the bill
concerning the District of Columbia, Mr, Harper, in reply to an obser-
vation that the people of the District had continued for one hundred
years to live happily under their respective State governments, and
therefore it was not necessary for Congress to legislate at all on the
subject, said :

Bat the provision of the Constitution on this subject has not been made with this
view. It teas made to beafow dignity and independence on the Goisernmetvl o5 WA\^'»SA'»i.
It was to protect from such outrages as had occv\t^^7J\i^li\\.^w^^\^'5iXfc^:L^i^:^«v^»\^^

a. Mia. 237 4

50 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

when it was without competent legislative, executive, and judicial power, to insare
itself respect. While tbo Government was under the guardianship of State lawg,
those laws might be inadequate to its protection ; or there might exiMt a spirit hostile
to the General Government, or at any rate indisposed to give it proper protectioo.

• *>•»#« •

It will be observed from the foregoing that a territory was set aside
over which (Jougress should have exclusive legislation, for the exeep
tioual and unusual reason that Congress, in 1783, in Philadelphia, was
threatened with violence by some insurgents, and it wa» to avoid a rep-
etition of this, and because of the fact that when Congress, alter being
insulted by these mutineers, called upon the Stata of Pennsylvania to
protect and vindicate the dignity of Congress by administering a re-
buke to these insurgents, it was answered by the council of that State,
that while it had great respect for the committee sent by Congress to
confer with it, it did not feel called upon to accede to the request
Hence it was that for seventeen years resolutions were being contin-
uall^" introduced into Congress looking to the establishment of a per-
manent seat of Government, where the i)owers conferred by the Con-
stitutk)n could be exercised. It is the contention of the writer that
the ideas of the framers of the Constitution have not been carried oat;
that it never was contemplated by them that the suffrage of the inhab-
itants of whatever district might be selected, should either be volun-
tarily surrendered or summarily abrogated. But it is not my intention
to treat of that branch of the subject; the question is, should represen-
tation in the two Houses of Congress be conferred on the District ?

The condition which existed, and which was the c^nse of a separate
territory being set aside, over which Congress was to have exclusive
legislation, exists no longer.> Then the Government was but a feeble
affair; it had just emerged from a seven-year conflict with a powerful
enemy; its treasure was gone; it had had no opportunity to build up
any commerce ; it had no public police ; there was no supreme author-
ity in Congress to enforce its legislation ; the militia of the States could
only be called out and used with the consent of the respective States;
the population was small ; the country had only recently become free,
and between the oppression of Great Britain on its commerce and the
cost of the war, it was nearly bankrupt. Not being able to pay off the
troops, communication between the States was slow and difficult.

But all this has been changed, electricity and steam have made the
elbows of the nation touch ; the press of to-day enables us, while we
discuss our breakfasts, to note the happenings and doings of the civil-
ized globe for the last twenty-four hours ; the telephone brings to the
ear the mouth separated bj^ hundreds of miles of space ; we have
grown to be a mighty nation of 65,000,000; our wealth is fabulous ; we
have the finest botiy of national police, in the shape of well trained
militia under the control of the Chief Executive, possessed by any nation.
We were one of the weakest and poorest nations then ; we have grown
to be one of the most powerful and wealthy now. The Government
never was, and never will be, in greater danger than during the war of
the rebellion, and it will not be contended for a moment that the absence
of franchise for the inhabitants of the District protected it in the
slightest degree, or that had a franchise been possessed by those inhabit-
{ints the danger would have been increased in the slightest degree.
Hence the conditions which brought about the cession of the District
of Columbia for the seat of Government, over which Congress was to
have exclusive legislation, no longer existing, there is no good reason
why the District sUonVd uoDdlwj^ x^^x^'e.^wta.tion.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 51

It is not deemed necessary by auy of the Earopean nations to de-
prive the people living at the various seats of Government of the right
of representation.

The Provisional Government of Brazil has issued a decree establish-
ing suffrage throughout the Republic.

Our country presents the singular spectacle of the freest and the most
enlightened nation in the world, being the only one where the right to be
represented js absolutely prohibited to a considerable body of people ;
and that, too, in the face of the fact that these same people are the de-
scendants of tho^ who poured out treasure and their heart's blood to
deliver an oppressed people from the yoke of a tyrant, and the compeers
of those who did likewise to keep intact the Bepublic that has been
won.

We have the right to breathe American air on American soil and pay
our taxes into an American exchequer, but there our rights of citizen-
ship end ; we must stand quietly by and permit the affairs of govern-
ment to be administered without the righrt of protest or acquiescence.

It is manifest from this resume of history that the chief reason that
led to the location of the capital of the nation, and the provision of the
Constitution in relation thereto have passed away. The advance of the
District of Columbia contemplated by President Adams has been real-
ized.

This requires some closer connection of the inhabitants of the Dis-
tdct with Congress than can be secured by committees, sometimes
self-constituted, often with selfish and sinister objects.

The alternative means are those contemplated in the proposed amend-
ment. It would secure representation in both Houses of Congress
chosen by the people of the District^ acquainted with their real wants,
familiar with their interests, and upon whom Congress could depend
for correct and reliable information.

The Bepresentatives would also be in close and official relations with
other Bepresentatives, and thus secure for the people a degree of atten-
tion and consideration which could not otherwise be obtained. It
would also relieve the members of Congress from annoyances and per-
plexities to which they are now often subject. Hence the proposed
amendment, while sound and wise in principle, would be eminently
expedient and practical. On all these grounds it meets with my ap-
proval.

Yours, very truly,

Edwin Sutherland.

Applbton p. Clark, Esq.

Washington, D. C, November 26, 1889.

My Dear Sir : In reply to your note inquiring as to my views and
wishes in reference to the people of the District of Columbia being rep-
resented directly in Congress and in the Electoral College, I would say
that I am most decidedly in favor of it. I do not see how any intelli-
gent American citizen can have any doubt or question as to the justice
and propriety of it.

I have not time at this moment to give my reasons in extensoj but beg
to inclose a pamphlet entitled ^* Home Eule for Americans," and also a
more brief synopsis entitled "The National Oap\t«A^-lJ^i&\!e»\iQ\i^<»^^^-
ally Known," both prepared and publiaheA \)^ ta^^ «i\!Ql ^Xs^s^ ^'^^'^'^^

8. Win. 4 55

52 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

my viewA on this subject aud also that of a local goverument, whioh
latter I consider of more immediate and vital importance than that of a
representation in Congress.

We should either have a voice in the Government in proportion to
our numbers, or we should be relieved from all taxes and duties as citi-
zens of the nation ; one or the other. For myself, I do not believe in
the propriety of establishing in our Republic a class of political eonuchs.
If such a class is to exist in the nation it should be confined to the of-
fice-holders, from the President down to messenger, who should consti-
tute a special class, set aside for that special purpose, and never be
permitted to have or express an opinion on any political or national
subject.

It is as clear as the noonday sun that the founders of the Republic
never contemplated the existence of such a class, but on the contrary
said that we were to have a Representative in Congress as soon as we
the requisite number of inhabitants.
Respectfully, yours,

W. C. Dodge.

Appleton p. Clark, Esq.

1200 K Street Northwest,

December 16, 1889.

My Dear Sir : I cordially approve of your proposed bill. Your
statement of facts and reasons are cogent and overwhelming. Of all
stultifying inconsistencies and anomalies in government this is the most
absurd.

Sincerely, yours,

W, a; Bartlett.
Appleton P. ClarK; Esq.

Washtnoton, D. C, June 10, 1890.

Dear Sir : I certainly am in favor of treating the people of the Dis-
trict, so far as practicable, precisely the same as the people of the States
are treated ; and I think it is practicable to allow them representation in
Congress and in the College of Electors. This much can be done for t^em.
The American sense of fair play will sooner or later see that it is done;
at least I think so. Of course I do not pretend to judge of the suffi-
ciency in form of the proposed amendment, but I think it is right in
principle. Its great value consists in the fact that it provides a means
whereby the whole body of District people can make known their needs
and wishes to Congress tJirough agents of their own choice. This, in
my judgment, is matter of substance and not merely of form. Congress
must rely upon somebody for information as to District matters upon
which to base legislation. Under the present system that somebody is
the local executive. Those officials have the entire control, or nearly so.
If they do not control, they suggest and shape nearly all important legis-
lation, and it is quite safe to say, or assume, that they suggest and shape
this legislation so as to please, or at least not to offend, those to whom
they owe their positions. This being so they ought to owe their offices
to the whole commuiuty au(i woX. v^ ^l^Nw^f^aw who happen to have
ftnd to hold the eat oi ttxe avi^o\\i\;\\i%\^^«t.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPEE8ENTATI0N. 53

Oar people have learned by a rather harsh experience that officers ap-
pointed independently of them are inclined to be careless of their wishes
and interests, and sometimes even to be hostile to them. This crops
out very often. It has been most conspicuous in the matter of street
improvements and of the public schools. If any fact was established
by abundant evidence, it is the fact thtit the great body of District peo-
ple desire to have the management of their public schools intrusted to
a school board, independent of the political branch of the District gov-
ernment, except as to fiscal matters. This popular desire was laid be-
fore Congress by petitions and memorials, by hearings in committee and
by the local press. The late chief-justice of the District supreme court,
at the head of a large committee, representing the intelligence of the
community, urged upon Congress the passage of a school bill in accord-
ance with the popular wish. The representative committee of one hun-
dred considered the subject at length and prepared an elaborate report
in favor of the American system of managing public schools ; but all to
no purpose. The local officials were hostile and the chief-justice and his
committee and the committee of one hundred and the press and the
whole people had to withdraw.

A similar experience attended the effort to secure an equitable dis-
t ribution of money for street improvements. The " triumvirs ^ objected,
and therefore the effort failed. These facts show, or tend to show, I
think, that the people who reside in the District have practically no
redress for their grievances under the present aristocratic scheme of
government. Unless the American people, through Congress, come to
tbeir relief in some way, either by abolishing the present oligarchy and
giving to them in lieu thereof a local government, republican in form,
or by amending the National Constitution so as to allow them to be
repri'seuted in Congress, they must continue to exist as a subjugated
people, helpless to care for themselves, a burden upon Congress, and a
reproach to republican institutions. To allow this state of things to
continue is a crime against republican government; and more, it is a
stigma upon the civilization of the age. No more intelligent community
as a whole can be found in the confines of the Eepublic,and it is simply
absurd to treat them as incompetent for self-government.

I am aware that the beneficiaries of the present order of things and
the privileged classes, and the *^ dilettanti doctrinaires " of the day, all
of whom t^lk glibly about ^' the better classes," whoever these may be,
have been for some time carrying on a campaign in favor of aristocratic
governments for cities, and they all point with an air of triumph to our
little oligarchy as their model. But they apparently overlook some
facts, which the masses, who have to help pay the taxes, do not, to wit,
the wasteful extravagance of the system, and the millions ; yes, I say
millionSj of dollars squandered on rotten pavements and discarded tun-
nels. No such waste can be shown in any other city of equal size dur-
ing the same period of time in the whole Bepublic. I challenge proof
to the contrary. Whatever value there is, if any, in our little oligar-
chic experiment it is as a warning to other communities not to adopt
the same theory of government. I Say no city need adopt it as a model.
They may have the original and carry it off, as Chicago did '* Libby
prison." It has been long enough a reproach to the capital of the fair-
est republic on the globe, and a menace to its helpless tax-payers here,
and they certainly are willing and anxious to let it go.
Yours, truly,

Hon. Appi.Erojr P. Olabk.

54 district of columbia represehtatiok.

December 11, 1889.

Dear Sir: In reply to yours of November 7, with suffrage bill in-
closed, I can assure you- that every one with true sense of justice in
their heart will thank you for your endeavors in that direction.

It would seem almost uu necessary to discuss the sofbrage right of
citizens of the United States of America in any portion of this fr^om-
loving country. But so it is, tor we have right here a large oommaaitj
that are debarred of tbeir right of suffrage, and for what f The reason
is often given ^Hhat the hoodlums of this District may not have the
opportunity of interfering with the General Government." That is the
plea that covers deeper motives — race prejudice, mercenary motives,
and desires of power to govern without any responsibility to the par-
ties governed, <^ unquestionably elements of tyranny." These are Uie
true causes that keep us in subjection.

Our liberty, our prosperity, stand out from our shores the beacon
light to all the world. Therefore let us, dear sir, consider well that the
removing of this blot on our good name, this last link of a tyrant's chain,
will redound to the benefit of all mankind. Let us ask for what we
want and deem to be our rights, recollecting that the people govern,
and listen not with the ears of a king. Let us endeavor to benefit cor
whole country, feeling that the true intent of the people is ^^justice
to all."

Our situation is very simple to understand. The attention of Con-
gress is called to a bill presented by Senator Blair, of New Hampshire.
If clipped of one or two bad features it will give us in this District an
equitable and just representation in both branches of Congress, a place
in the electoral college, thereby a voice in electing the President and
Vice-President of tJie United States. We should have two Senators, and
if the provision included in the fifteenth to the twentieth articles of the
Blair bill were left out, which curtails the power of our Bepresentatives,
it would leave it practically your bill.

Now, what we should urge on the Senator is that this bill should be
thoroughly discussed, and that each and every one of the members should
be put on record as to the merits or demerits of this bill. It will be bold
meu that will oppose our right of suffrage on equal terms with themselves
at their several homes.

If it is opposed by Congress— I can not think it will be — ^then we will
appeal to the people. Then the Senators and Members will find that
they, the people at large, do not understand the condition of things
here brought about by the existing laws, and the question will come up,
Why have our members allowed such a state of things to exist T I can
not but believe that the sense of justice which Congress is imbued with
will not require us to go further than calling their attention to this bill.

It is not a question who may not wish suffrage in this Districts It is
one of greater moment. It is this : Can this Government longer endure
the stigma of governing a commuuity within their jurisdiction with the
same laws that they fought seven years to overthrow, and meeting with
success founded this great fabric of Government which is preeminently
the best in the world. That, my dear sir, is the question. Let Congress
answer aright, or the people will. I have no fear. I would speak of
the manner of choosing those that are to represent us in Congress. It
would be done by popular vote. While we admit that Congress has
the legislative power and should have it in the government of the Dis-
trict, it can be readily seen that they can not act for us in the capacity
of a State legislative bod-j \.w ^Www^ wvt ^^x^alors -^ necessarily we
mast have a popular vot^.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 55

In coDclasion, let me »ay we want it so ordained by Congress tbat.we
will have the fnll benefit of the intelligence vested in the employes of
the Government by making them interested in tlie general welfare of
the District ; let them enjoy their right of suffrage here ; their lack of
interest in the District now is our loss. We want no one to be obliged
to desert his post of daty, to leave here to execute their right of suff*
rage elsewhere under false plea that their residence is not here.

This I would say to Congress : Make this District with proper re-
strictions like your own homes, where a citizen has an untrammeled
right of suffirage, and you have us under everlasting obligations.

Bitter indeed are these few lines, but true :

Tliat where wrong settles down to dwell,
Ere justice tips her scales,
The right to maintain,
Ages^seems the spell.

King George the Third of England said when the Colonies rebelled,
" The people can not govern themselves." Let us continue to prove his
words false by always making this Government for the people and of
the people. .

Very truly, yours,

Henrt M. Dexter.
Applbton p. Clabk,

Washington^ D. 0.

Washington, D. C, December 23, 1889.

Sib : I have this day received and thank you for the copy of the
joint resolution which proposes an amendment to the Constitution of the
United States to confer representation k) the District of Columbia in
the two Houses of Congress and in the electoral college.

The people of the District of Columbia are subjected to taxation with-
out representation; and that act is contrary to a fundamental principle
of all free government^ and it is also, by implication, forbidden by sec-
tion 4, of Article lY, of the Constitution of the United States, which
provides that the United States shall guaranty to every State iu this
Union a republican form of government ; and it is further, by implica-'
tion, forbidden in section 1, Article XV, of the Constitution, which
provides that the right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account
of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

I will not weary you with a long note on the matter, but will simply
say this : I am delighted that a proposition so fair has at last reached
Congress.

I have only heard one reason advanced why a republican form of
government should not be given to the helpless people of this Dis-
trict ; and that is, that it would put the ballot into the hands of the
black men. l^o other reason can be advanced ; for if all here were white
it would be given at once, or rather would never have been taken away.

Since the presence here of the black man is the cause why the boon
of suffrage is withheld, I point to the violated Constitution quoted above
and say : The rigLt of the citizens of the United States to vote is denied
on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

It seems to me, from a knowledge of these worthy people, acquired
after an acquaintance with them of nearly twenty years iu l&ii^t\s.^\fes>^
no people anywhere are better fitted thaw X\i^^ ^wc \X\^i\2^ «si.«t^^^^^
universal saSrage pure and simple.

56 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

Here is tbe spot for an ideal government, based upon tbe right of all
to vot€, male and female, black and white, Catholic and Protestant, Jew
and Gentile, rich an(l poor, the landed and the landless.

Let the residence be for one year, and the ballot the Australian sys-
tem.

Very respectfully,

Theodore L. De Land.
Hon. Appleton P. Clark,
Washingtot^j D. C,

Washington, D. C«, November 20, 1889.

I heartily approve the proposed sixteenth amendment to the Con-
stitution, granting to the citizens of the District of Columbia the right
of representation iu the Government which makes laws for their protec-
tion and welfare.

Why we alone, of all the good people of these CTnited SStaies, should
be deprived of the right of trial in the United States courts in matters
between us and the citizens of the several States, can not be easily ex-
plained.

I throw out this suggestion, hoping that while this matter of change
is being agitated, an eflbrt will be made to place us in possession of all
the rights of American citizenship in the Union, for which we and our
fathers have striven equally with the citizens of the most favored
States.

With kind wishes for the success of your patriotic efforts,
I am, yours truly,

Samuel H. Walker.

Appleton P. Clark, Esq,

Washinoton, D. C, November 29, 1889.

Dear Sir : Tour favor of the 7th instant, inclosing copy of a proposed
amendment to the Constitution of the United States, intended to confer
some of the rights of American citizenship, was duly received, and in
reply permit roe to say that I do not know how I can better express
my present views on the subject mentioned than to quote from speeches
made by me January 17, 1870, as a member of the G8th city council, and
June 22, 1872, in the legislative council of the District :

That the good of the whole nation requires that the Federal capital should be nnder
the exclnsi ve Jurisdiction of that GoYemment, is a proposition the tmth of which wiU
hardly be doubted ; but it is a proposition not less true that both Jnstioe and expe-
diency require that the management of aiiairs merely municipal and local should be
left in the hands of the people most directly interested, nnder such restrictions as the
supremo legislative authority may deem necessary. It is too late in the history of
legislation to question the truth of the general proposition that there should be no
taxation withont representation. In our system these rules have been departed from
only in the District of Columbia and in the Territories, where a small population is
HO scattered over a large extent of territory as to be exercised only by the strong:
power of the central Government, and paid for out of the common Treasury of the
whole country. Both in the case of the District and Territories, Congress formerly
exercised but little more than a negative authority over local affairs, of the District,
but now, by three Commissioners appointed by the President, thereby depriving tbe
people of any voice in the management of its own bnsiness affairs,* giving to such
Commissioners 8o!e power of taxation and expenditure which is subversive of political

Jiberty and entirely antagon\»Wc lo tt\\\\i^\X\«yr«»Ql \>aftx«^\!L\A\ftau and democratic

form of government.

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 57

That all the rights, privileges, and immiinitiea of citizenship shonid he denied to
that portion of the people who immediately surroand the capital of this great
RepahliCy is a monstroos anomaly, and strikes the whole world with astonishment.
It IS wrong in principle and anti-republican in practice.

It ia uot the part of wise men to permit this condition of , things longer
to exist. *' In the multitude there is safety;" more so in the election of
officers by the people than in the purest appointing power, especially
if that power is responsible to some other officer with whose tenure of
office that people have nothing to do, and in whose election they have
no voice.

It was an extraordinary spectacle when Congress deliberately voted
to give away, as far as it could, all of the rights of the people of the
District of Columbia to any participation in its municipal affairs, or in
the selection of any of its officers and it is high time that right should
be recovered and deposited where it justly belongs.

Your proposed amendment to the Constitution I am in favor of, and
would go further and restore the old or similar form of municipal cor-
poration, the officers of which shall be elected by the people and for the
people.

Very respectfully,

A. K. Browne.

A. P. Clark, Esq.

Washincjton, D. C, December 16, 1889.

Deab Sib : Tour favor of November 9, ultimo, is at hand ; also with
it a copy of a proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United
States.

The troubles that are upon us now and the burdens we are compelled
to bear are imi)08ed by Congress, and the amendment proposed would
only be an additional indorsement of its power and a more complete
surrender to its authority. I do not think that any tinkering of the
Constitution that does not give us local self-government would help us.

The state of my health will not justify me in giving very much at-
tention to such an important subject as your circular deals with.

Hoping you will be able to work out the problem in the interest of the
whole people,

I am yours, truly,

J. H. Cbossman.

ApPLETON P. Olabk, Esq.

1439 Massaohusbtts Aventje,

Novernber 19, 1889.

Deab Sib: I have received your favor of the 7th instant, inclosing
'^ a copy of a proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United
States, intended to confer upon the people of the District of Columbia
the common right of American citizenship."

I am heartily in favor of the proposed amendment.

As a resident of the capital and a citizen of the United States, I
protest against the present absolutely despotic mode of governing the
District of Columbia, and I shall be glad to aid yon in your worthy ef-
forts.

Very truly, yours,

3. OlK»$S^T> ^\SuaRPB.^

58 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA KEPBESENTATION.

Washington, D. C, November 21, 1889.

Dear Sib : I can see no good reason why yonr proposed amendmeotf
or some other, conferring representation in Congress and in the Electoral
College upon the people \)f the District shoold not receive the afisent of
Congress and the States. No doubt the friends of aristx>cratic forms of
government will object, and it will be interesting to note who they are.
But the great body of common people, who believe in republican insti-
tutions, will, I think, approve the amendment. Since it was first
broached- in the Star it has been steadily gaining firiends, and I am one
of them.

Yours, truly,

Ghas. E. Hoyet.

Appleton p. Glabk, Esq.

Fbeebhsn's Hospital,
Washington^ D. C, December 29, 1890.

Mt Dear Sib : The paper you Bent me in reference to a constitn-
tional amendment such as would secure to the people of this District
representation in the House and in the Senate was duly received.

I am in accord with the movement. I think it to be a reflection upon
democratic government when 250,000 citizens are disfranchised. We
need a representative in the House and in the Senate. The District's
interests can not be properly protected witiiout such representation.
" What is everybody's business is nobody's business.'^ This is why the
present members of Congress give such little attention to District affiurs.
They have not the time nor the inclination.

I am with you.
Yours, truly,

C. B. PUBVIS.

Mr. APPLETON p. Olabk.

Washington, D. C, November 26, 1889.

Deab Sib : Tour circular letter to hand and its contents duly con-
sidered. It gives me great pleasure to indorse the substance of the
argument therein; the subject is one we must all agree to. What sur-
prises me most is how men of learning, and especially American states-
men, can hold to a selfish doctrine of excluding a quarter million of cit-
izens who, for industry, morality, and intelligence will compare with
any other people on the face of the globe. How could any person
claiming to represent any portion of this country, either in the halls of
Congress, on the bench, or in the lowest elective position known to the
American people nrgue against the doctrine of elective franchise f
What is franchise ? '' Exemption from constraint or oppression ; free-
dom; liberty." (Spencer.)

'^ Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is
the one crowning franchise of the American people." (William H. Sew-
ard.)

" To make free ; to enfranchise." (Webster.)

But, where is the use of quoting authorities on the subject? It is
recognized in all TepuXAVcaiL e.o\3Lw\.\\^ \y3 vi3\ \w^t^ ^1 ^cisAdom^ and

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 59

why are we to be shat out of the privileges enjoyed by the American
citizens in other parts of our country f

I may at some future time give my views further on this subject,
r am, very respectfully,

James Small,
911 1 streety iwrihwestj Washingtofij JD, C.
A. P. Clabk, Esq.

(From pastor Fifth Congregational Chnrch.]

WASHINGTON, D. 0., December 12, 1889,

Dear Sib : Yours of 7th ultimo duly received. Having thought the
matter over, I am heartily in- sympathy with your effort to secure rep-
resentation for the District in Congress.
Truly yours,

B. N. Seymotjb.

Washington, D. 0., December 10, 1889.

Deab Sib: Tour letter, containing a reference to a ^^proposed amend-
ment to the Constitution of the United States," is received. I can ex-
press my most hearty approval of the proposed amendment to the Con-
stitution as far as it goes.

It is a mystery to me that any man who claims to be an intelligent,
honest-hearted friend of a republican form of goverument can willingly
submit to be deprived of every right of suffrage in a community where
there are 250,000 inhabitants, and 50,000 persons who would have the
right to choose their own rulers in any other city but the city of Wash-
ington. Is it patriotism, is it statesmanship, in our national law-givers
to force a people who have 50,000 children to be educated, to submit to
laws which will not allow these youths to know anything, experimentally,
about the peculiarities and the institutions of a republican government ?

Yes, by all means, let us have at least a representation in Congress
and in the Electoral College, and as soon as possible let us have all the
rights peculiar to other parts of our country.
Yours, respectfully,

Z. BlOHABDS,

1301 Corcoran St.
A. P. Clabk, Esq.

Washington, November 25, 1889.
Hon. A. P. Clabk:

Deab Sib : In answer to 3'our inquiry for my views on the subject
of suffrage in this District, I answer unhesitatingly, I am in favor of
suffrage.

First. The boast of all true Americans at home or abroad is that they
live in a free Republic, where the whole people rule ; where the people
elect the law-makers, from the Congressmen who make the laws for the
Government down to the township officials and city and town maYot^
and aldermen, extending over and embr^^^mg «i\^x^ ^^^^ ^"i fe^>sj«tvi»xs.

60 DISTRICT OF COLUMBU REPRESENTATION.

soil except the District of Columbia; and the right of suffrage was
only taken from this District a few years ago, and then it was done in-
sidiously. The first move was to give the city a governor and secre-
tary and a board of public works, a Delegate in Congress and a legis-
ture, all appointed by the President except the Delegate in Congress
and the members of the lower house of the legislature, still leaving a
vestige of suffrage. The next move made by the anti-suffrage party
wa« to abolish the board of public works, .governor, Delegate to Con-
gress, and legislature, taking every vestige of suffrage from the eiti-
zens.

Second. This is the capital of this great, free, people^s Government,
the place of all others that should have a i*epresentative people's gov-
ernment, in order that foreigners who visit this country may be en-
couraged to modify their home governments in place of finding the
capital of this boasted free Goveniment" ruled more despotically than
any European capital.

Third. The capital should be a great educator of true American prin-
ciples, not only in the administration of governmental affairs, but in
the city government. There are already more than two hundred thou-
sand people in the District, and a few years will double the population.
There are at this time not less than 60,000 children in the District
attending schools, public or private, and scarcely one of them ever
attended an election ; and under this miserable anti-democratic system
of city rule, for it can not be dignified as a government, the^e children
arc being taught that elections are vulgar, and that politicians are, of
necessity, dishonest demagogues.

Can it be possible that any statesman wants this system of anti-
American education to remain? The boys now in the schools of the
country will be the rulers of the Government a few years hence, and
Washington is destined to be a great seat of wealth and educational
institutions. The Catholics have already established their great Ameri-
can University in this District, the Baptists have taken steps for the
enlargement of their present college to make it the great institution of
learning of that great and influential church. The other leading relig-
ious denominations will, in self-defense, have equal educational insti-
tutions in the District. It can not be possible that any lover of re-
publican government can desire to have these institutions educate
the thousands of students from all parts of the country in the belief
that the people are not fit to elect their own law makers and administers
of the laws, but must have military officers placed over them on the
theory that politicians are dishonest. If the people are not fit to vote
in this District they are not fit to vote in any city or State in this
Union.

"But," says the objector, " suffrage in the District carries with it the
right of the negro to vote." That is true, as it ought to be. In intel-
lect, the negro of the District of Columbia averages favorably with the
laboring classes of New York or any of the other cities, and largely
above the colored voter in any of the Southern States ; and if not fit to
vote in this District, the people of the South are right in not letting
them vote, and hereafter no member of Congress should, out of self-
consistency, object to Southern bulldozing or counting out of the colored
voter and vote in the Southern States.

"But," say that assumed superior class, "the respectable class will
not vote, and the rabble, roughs, and demagogues will vote and control
the elections, w\\eu tV\\» c\V^ ^\iowW\i^ ^ ^\V3 <^^ wealth and refinement"
This argument \s s\m\Ay l\\e ^Y^wm^wX. oX. ^w^\>^nr\v^ ^^\^^\.\sfcViA^^ in

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 61

tbe right of universal suffrage, and of those who would disfranchise the
colorcK] man.

I dp not think it worth while to discuss 4he present inefficient govern-
ment of the District, which is liable under the present system of ap-
pointing the Commissioners to be worse, if possible, than the system of
government itself, nor the weak argument made by some that the
framers of the Constitution intended to, and did, take the right of suf-
frage from the citizens of this District. The citizens of the District
had always had, and exercised the right of suffrage until taken from
them by act of Congress since the right of suffrage was given the
colored man. The time is coming when this city will have a population
of half a million of people, when they will demand the rights of statehood,
and the States will unite in amending the Constitution to give them a
State government This will in nowise interfere with the power of
the Government to protect all of her interests in the District. It will
simply relieve Congress from acting the part of aldermen for the city.
The State and National Governments will adjust the proper sum to be
paid by the National Government for their share of taxes to be paid.

Hawkins Taylor.

WASHiNaTON, D. C, November 21, 1889.

Dear Sib: From my actual experience in politics in Indiana, for
many years, and my residing here many years, I would rather trust my
interest with the people, than to any one man power. I have noticed
that officers who were elected by the people, as a general rule, tried to
do tbe business entrusted to them, prompt, correct, and were obliging.
I think that suffrage is far more preferable, than to be tied hand and
foot as the citizens here are, who are denied the power of making their
own local laws or city ordinances such as are accorded to all other in-
corporated cities and towns. I think that no other city, with any kind
of a commercial trade, would surrender the commercial business, and
be under the exclusive control of the Government, for the mere privi-
lege of getting Uie National Capital, with its buildings. It is the busi-
ness men of this country, that make it, and not the buildings or laws —
the great law of Inule rules us all.
Yours respectfully,

V. B. Ebwabbs.

Hon. Appleton P. Clark.

Washington, D. C, November 27, 1889.

DfiAB Sib : In reply to your circular of the 7th instant, would say
that I am heartily in accord with the movement suggested, and that
there is not the slighest doubt but that you are correct in the position
you assume, and you are engaged in a patriotic work.
Trusting that you may meet with success, I remain,
Very respectfully,

L. Gardner.

A. P. Clark, Esq.,

119 Sixth Street, Northeast^ City.

62 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

WASHiNaTON, December 16, 1889.

Dear Sir : The suggestions made in your circalar letter, favoring a
change in the present form Of government for the District of Columbia,
are timely and proper.

Is it not a little singular, that it is now necessary for you to lead a
movement in favor of a " government by the people for the people T'^
Is it possible that our Revolutionary fathers were wrong, and that the
mother country was right f Is it wise in order. to make ** history har-
monious " that we change the war cry of our ancestors-^*^ taxation with-
out representation is tyranny,'' and say " taxation without representa-
tion was tyranny ! " Is our present monarchial form the best and most
economical government ? If so, can we recommend its adoption by all
the different communities in our country f Are the young men that
grow up in our community as competent to discharge the political duties
of citizenship as those raised under the actual experience of political
contests t

There are so many inconsistencies that are seilf-evident in onr present
form of government that I forbear to refer to them in this brief letter,
but I challenge the world to show a more inconsistent political proposi-
tion than is presented here. A free republican government, maintain-
ing the position that all its citizens are capable of self-government ex-
cept the residents of its capital city ; here in the political center, where
the great truths of government are wrought out and exemplified, and
where the rulers of the nation reside, that ignorance so abounds, and
dishonesty stalks abroad at noon-day, that our people can not be trusted
with the constitutional privileges of American citizenship.
Very respectfully,

H. A. Hall.

Mr. A. P. Clark,

Wdsliington^ D. 0.

Hon. S. C. Pomeroy says:

I am for the anieDdment, and for my addition also. I believe the retroceMion to
Virgiuia was illegal and wrong.

His " addition '^ is the following:
Sec. 3. The original 10 miles square shall be restored to the District of Colnmbia.

Washington, D. C, December^ 1889.

Dear Sir : Sickness and overwork have prevented me firom answer-
ing your kind letter of the 7th ultimo, which I now briefly answer.

While I believe that the present so-called government of this Dis-
trict is unconstitutional and have no objection to an amendment that
will make it indisputable, I must dissent from your remark that *Hhe
]>roposed amendment is wholly outside the question of local govern-
ment" if you mean anything more than that the detail is to be left on
the same footing as if it were a State, viz, the preparation of a con-
stitution by a constitutional convention, its submission to Congress and
the people, as in the case of a State.

The pretense that there is any reason why American citizens are nn-
abJe to govern tl\emse\veam^N^'3l^\v\\>L^\iCk\i^«.^^Uaa inan other portion
of the United States \a a\>&\iTCi, «AiCi Vdl x^v^s ^ ^^ ^ji5«eK«^ \a;&. ^^Scy^^t

DISTRICT OF COLUMBU REPItESENTATION. 63

Government interests I say let the GovernmeDt run the entire inachiue
to suit itself and pay the bills. The practical difficulties existing in a
national capital exist in every European capital, but have been over-
come without depriving their citizens of the right to manage their
municipal affairs.

It has been left for the ^'gr^at Eepnblic'^to enfranchise the negro
and disenfranchise the white man, so as to find a patronage ground
where soft places can be found by our sovereign lords and masters^ the
Gongress of the United States.
Very respectfully,

A. B. MULLEXT.

Applbton p. Olabk, Esq.

Benning, D. C, January 7, 189().

SiE: I think the District of Columbia is entitled to representation in
the national Gongress. It would put us on terms of equality with the
States and give ns means of defending and asserting our rights.

I am not in favor of the Electoral College, but prefer a direct vote of
the people for President.

H.^ B. Bestor.
Hon. Applbton P. Glabk,

Washington^ D. C.

Fish & Miller, 1213 F Street Northwest,

Washington^ D. C, November 25, 1889.

Deab Sib : I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of
7th instant with a copy of proposed amendment to the Constitution
giving to the citizens of the District of Columbia representation in the
United States Congress and Electoral College.

It is a consummation most devoutly to be prayed for and worked for.
There is no reasonable objection that can be produced.

The wonder is the apathy of our citizens on the subject, presumably
that it is not brought forward enough. Now that we are alive on the
subject of the exposition in 1892, it would seem wise to connect the two
together. I do not believe the people of the United States realize the
astonishing fact that we are taxed without representation.
Respectfully,

Eos. A. Fish.

Hon. A. P. Glabk,

119 Siocth Street Northeast, City.

Washington, November 28, 1889.

Dbab Sib : I am in receipt of a copy of a proposed amendment to the
Oonstitutton of the United States, intended to confer upon the people
of the District of Columbia in some degree the rights of suffrage. I am
indebted to your courtesy for this consideration and for a request that
I state my views thereupon.

In conformity with your request I feel constrained to e^ta.^ <k5&.^\.Va^^
never jet been able to discover eitker tilem«»^omolcVoL^^^sife«^\\fi^^^

64 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA KEPEE8ENTATION.

upon the people of the District of Columbia the penalty of a forfeiture
of any of their rights of citizenship, for the reason that eircamstaDoe«
have conspired to make a residence at the national capital desirable.

This condition of afiairs virtually makes the District of Columbia a
penal colony, which, to say the least, seems to be an unjustifiable wrong
to the citizens and a disgrace to the nation. In my humble judgment
that clause in the Constitution which confers the power upon Congress
to legislate for this District was never Intended to be used as an agent
for withholding from its people the most sacred of all the rights guaran
tied to them by its spirit and letter. I feel assured that if the framers
of that document had supposed that it could possibly be converted to
^uch a purpose it would have been more carefully guarded at that point
It occurs to the average American mind, in the second century of oar
national existence, that the clause in the Constitution which has been
used ta destroy the badge of citizenship should have a new and more
favorable interpretation or be entirely blotted out, so that it shall no
longer be used as the instrument of a grievous wrong.

I am not able to discover why the people of the District of Columbia
should be disfranchised any more than the residents of any other city
in the Union. Most assuredly the people of no other American city
would pe^iceably submit to such an invasion of their constitutional
rights. Our people submit patiently to all the burdens of Government^
and why deny them a voice in that Government. It occurs to me that
we are as much entitled to municipal laws and government based upon
popular suffrage as the citizens of New York, Boston, or Philadelphia;
but if Congress adjudges that we can not be trusted with self-guvernmeut
then give us the benefit of the proposed amendment to the Constitu-
tion. This much is demanded in the name of common fairness and even-
handed justice.

Yours, sincerely,

A. M. Olapp.

Appleton p. CLABK,Esq.

No. 501 Stanton Piaoe,
Washington, D. C, November 22, 1889.

SiK: I thank you for your circular letter of the 7th instant, and I
heartily approve and indorse your proposed amendment to the Consti-
tution of the United States, to confer on the people of this District the
duties, the privileges, and the prerogatives of American citizenship.

We want the elective franchise as handed down by our patriotic
lathers of the Revolution, and we want to live under laws made and
administered by freemen, elected by the people, for the beneHt, the
protection, and the elevation of the people. Let the people rule, and
let our people with acclamation echo the grand and truthful sentiment
that " taxation without representation is tyranny." Give us something
worth living for and worth leaving to posterity — something worthy of
the generous aspirations of a liberty- loving and virtuous i>eople with
which successfully to combat governmental favoritism and domineering
oppression. I earnestly favor your project as a timely movement in
the right direction.

Eespectfully and cordially,

S. C. Clabkb.

Appleton P. CLAiaiiL, ^^cv,

119 Sixth Street Nortlvea^t, \\a*K\u^Vm^B,^^

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 65

Washington, December 12, 1889.

Dear Sir: In reply to your letter requesting my views on the pro-
posed amendment to the Federal Constitution providing for a represen-
tation of the people of this District in Congress and in the Electoral
College, I would say that I heartily approve of the movement and think
it can not be too speedily adopted.

- The political condition of the people of this District today is a scan-
dal upon republican institutions. There is not a monarchy on earth
where the people are so comi)letely shorn of all political rights or voice
in the management of their own affairs as are the two hundred and fifty
thousand disfranchised people who compose the population of the Dis-
trict of Columbia. That the perpetual disfranchisement of the people of
this District was not intended by the men who established the seat of
Government here is proven by the discussion that took place at the time
and by the compact with the State of Maryland when that State ceded
to the United States that part of her territory that constitutes the present
District of Columbia. But even if they had favored such disfranchise-
ment such action would only prove that they were mistaken. It should
have no binding force upon us.

By act of December 19, 1791, the general assembly of the State of
Maryland ceded the land comprisirg the present District of Columbia
to the Congress and Government of the United States, under the ex-
press stipulation that the jurisdiction of the laws of Maryland over the
persons and property of individuals residing within the limits of the
cession should not cease until Congress should by law provide for the
government of the District.

By act of February 27, 1801, Congress declared that the laws of the
State of Maryland, as they then existed, should be, and continue, in
force in the part of the District ceded by Maryland to the United States.
This act has never been repealed, and is in force to this day, though
trampled under foot.

This legislation by Maryland and Congress clearly established as a
part of the laws of this District the constitution and bill of rights of
the State of Maryland then in existence.

The provisions of those instruments, which are as binding now as then,
are as follows :

I. That all government of right originates from the people, is founded in compact
only, and institated Hololy for the good of the whole.

II. That the people of the State ought to have the sole and exclnsi ve right of regu>
latiiig the iutornal government and policy thereof. * * *

y. That the right in the people to participate in the legislation is the hest secnrity
of liberty and the foundation of all free government ; for this purpose elections ought
to be free and frequent, and every man having prop rty in, a common interest with,
and an attachment to, the community, ought to have a right of sufirage. * * *

XLII. That this declaration of rights '* ought not to be altered, changed, or abol'
ished by the legislature of this State, but in such manner as this convention shall
prescribe and direct.

It will be seen that these legislative enactments of Maryland and the
Congress of the United States formed a compact between the two pow-
ers for the benefit of the Inhabitants of this District, which Congress
has no right to repeal, but which it did virtually repeal by act of June
20, 1374, by which the people of this District were deprived of every
vestige of political rights or voice in the management of their own
affairs, and reduced to a condition of political vassalage but little better
than Kussian serfdom.

S. Mis. 237 5

66 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

The condition of the people of tbis District is an anomaly under
republican institutions tbat may well excite apprehension for the fatore.
Our i>opulation today is not far. from 250,000. One day, not far dis-
tant, it will number 1,000,000, and probably one hundred years hence
3,000,000, or as many as composed the thirteen colonies when they re-
belled against Great Britain.

Our present government is christened "a pennanent govemment^by
the act that created it. To think that such a government is to exist
for all time at the national capital must excite a shudder and feeling
of horror in the minds of all citizens who wish well of their country.
It is a dangerous experiment for a republican government to make.
It is toying with a serpent that may one day turn upon it and sting the
body-politic with deadly effect.

Boys are growing up educat<ed to the idea that they are to take no
part in public affairs, that the3' are to pay taxes that others assess, aod
obey laws concerning the making of which they are not consulted.

It requires no prophet to see the end of all this. Club houses, that
are becoming numerous, and whose members are mostly real-estate
speculators, will continue to multiply until the entire legislation for
this District, if not for the whole country, will be inspired over wine
and cards within their gilded walls. All criticism of the press will be
silenced, as it nearly is now, and then the craven wretches who know
no god but mammon will, in their mad pursuit for wealth, take posses-
sion of the jury-boxes and silence all opposition to their selfish schemes
by the indictment and conviction of every man who shall dare oppose
their demands. It will then be "every man for himself," until the
capital of the nation will become so rotten that its putrid atmosphere
will permeate and corrupt the whole country.

This is no idle dream, but is a real picture of what is bound to come
if the present despotic government is continued. To avert it, the pro-
posed amendment guarantying a Eex)ub1ican form of government for
this District, in harmony with the terms of the compact by which it
was ceded to the United States, should be immediately adopted.

There will be no formidable opposition to such an amendment from
the people of the States. In all my travels I have yet to see a dozen
men, outside of the autocrats of this District and a few politicians, who
profit by the present system of government, who have spoken against
our right to govern ourselves.

It is from the corrupt jobbers and their allies in Congress, who have
tasted " the flesh- pots of Egypt," that the opposition to this just move-
ment will come. I see no other way but to appeal to the constitutents
of such men to send men here who will be true to the great principles
on which the National Government is founded, and who will keep them-
selves free from tangling alliances with the selfish men who are now dic-
tating the policy of this District.

It is a burning shame and reproach upon republican institutious that
the inhabitants of the capital of the greatest nation on eai*tb, all around
which are slumbering heroes who gave up their lives that this nation
might live, should be deprived of every political right. Let us hope, and
fervently pray, that we may soon be delivered from this disgraceful
thraldom.

The sods of Arlington will grow greener when the graves of the
twelve thousand Union soldiers buried there no longer look down upon
a quarter of a million disfranchised American citizens! The flowers of
Mount Vernon shaUbloom ^\\\i ^ %^^^ter fragrance when the inhabit-

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA EEPRESENTATION. 67

ants of the city bearing the name of Washington are no longer de-
prived of that dearest of all boons — the right to govern themselves.
Tours for truth, liberty, and progress,

John H. Crane.
- Appleton p. Clark, Esq.

WASHINGTON, November 22, 1889.

Dear Sir : I acknowledge the receipt of your circular of the 7th,
and, in reply, say that the subject could not be fairly tested here — at
least at present. Neither the property-holders ^ould take time to
deposit their votes, and we should have only a list of incompetent and
ambitious candidates.
I am, therefore, against the proposed amendment.
Yours, respectfully,

Samuel Torke AtLee.
Mr. Clark.

Washington, D. C, December 4, 1889.

Dear Sir : Your letter is at hand.. I should be very glad to see the
District of Columbia properly represented in Congress. As I under-
stand your proposed amendment, it involves the right of suffrage. If
this is the case, I think it is better to go without a Senator and Bepre-
sentative than to have voting again.
Yours, very truly,

• B. H. Warner.

Hon. Appleton P. Clark,

Washington^ 2>. 0.

^ Washington, D. C, November 30, 1889.

My Dear Sir : Acknowledging receipt of your esteemed favor of
the 7th instant, beg 'to say I regard our present form of government the
best we can have ; with the right kind of material for Commissioners,
think it preferable to any other form so far suggested.
Yours, truly,

E. I^urt:^ John^oi^.
A?PLETON p. Ci^ARK, Esq.,

119 ^ixtli street^ northeast^ City.

WA81HINGTON, Novetnber 23, 1889.

Dear Sir : Your letter of the 7th instant, and accompanying pam-
phlet, came to hand yesterday, proposing << an amendment to the Con-
stitution of the United States, intended to confer upon the people of the
District of Columbia the common rights of American citizenship ; " in
other words, general suffrage, which I earnestly hope mil \^<^^& \^^
granted. Off and on, during the past fttteeu ot \»^«o^ ^^ajw^^Ww^i^

68 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

through tho press and otherwise, discussed the subject very fdlly, and
I am unalterably averse to any change that would upset oar present ex-
cellent system of government. Could I have my way, there would be a
law to prohibit the formation of even a political club of any party in
this District.

You have well presented your case with a view to show the impro-
priety of ^' taxation without representation ; " but in the end you are
obliged to admit that, while this was one of the main complaints against
the British Government in the Kevolution, some of the great leaders in
chat struggle, when they came to form our Constitution, took special
care to exclude the right of representation to the citizens of this Dis-
trict. Dwell on the principle as much as you will — and it is about all
the '' stock in trade " the advocates of suffrage have — the two cases are not
parallel, as the framers of the Constitution well knew ; and they wisely
excluded the right of suffrage here, in order to avoid the distarbing in-
fluences of partisan elections.
Yours, truly,

HoBATio King.
,^ Mr. Appleton P. Clark,

Washington^ D. O.

An open letter.

Hon. Thomas M. Batne, M. C,

House of Representatives^ Washington^ D, 0. :

Sir : Two weeks ago I addressed to you a respectftit request to be
referred to some judicial decisions affecting the rights of the people of
this District, with which you had professed to be familiar. But no
reply has been received. The constitutional question involved f con-
sider very important, and I was anxious to know upon what author-
ityy our apparently confident opinion on the subject could have been
founded.

I was well aware that a combined and systematic effort had been made
to delude the people of this District into the belief you professed to
entertain, in order " to keep the people quiet ;/^ but I did not before
suppose that any intelligent man in this country really entertained such
sentiments. In your remarks in the House on the 30th ultimo, you are
also reported as saying :

I believe this present city goverDment, as it is now managed, is the best managed
city government in the United States. I think it is managed well and carefolly and
economically.

When exOovernor Shepherd was at the head of our District govern-
ment, by Executive appointment, he boasted that our District govern-
ment was the best government in the world. Shortly thereafter an
investigation followed by a joint select committee of Congress, repre-
senting both houses and both parties, headed by Senators Allison and
Thurman, resulting in a deliberate and careful report, declaring that
<< your committee have unanimously arrived at the conclusion that the
existing form of government is a failure."

Another form succeeded, but one to which the people have never given
their consent, in which they are taxed without representation and with-
out any voice, and placed under rulers in the appointment of whom they
are not consulted and over whom they have no control or direction
whatever.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION, 69

Bat Commissioner Douglass, the present head triumvir, in imitation
of bis illastrioos predecessor, sent forth a similiar declaration as to his
dominion over us independendy of the wishes of the people ; and you
now appear before the House of Representatives seemingly as his at-
torney and voucher.

In considering your ^^ best government" theory, I shall abstain from
commenting on the fact that the public debt of this District, in propor-
tion to its population and property valuation, is much greater than that
of any other municipal or State government in this country, because
portions of our debt reach back into other than the present form of
government which you now profess to think is '' the best managed city
government in the United States." I can now take time to instance
only a case or two, to illustrate my view of the management to which
you refer; but should an opportunity occur, I can add thereto indefi-
nitely.

- Since you have been in Congress representing a district in Pennsyl-
vania and carefully watching over the interests of the District of Colum-
bia, as a sort of common councilman, large sums of money have been
unlawfully expended by officers ruling over us without our consent.
Sums aggregating $177,946.98 have already been drawn from the Treas-
ury under acts of Congress, by means of riders in appropriation bills to
relieve the bonds of the District Commissioners from liability for the
unlawful misapplication of District funds by the District Commissioners;
and Congress is still persistently importuned for further relief in a very
large amount of the same character. More than«t50,000 of the above-
named sum, from which the Commissioners' bondsmen have already been
relieved, was for the diversion of the public funds for the improvement
of streets in which the Commissioners were personally or sectionally
interested ; and a citizens' committee of the District has been denied an
opportunity to appear before a committee of the present Congress to
point^ut similar diversions of the District funds this very year.

Ours is a personal and sectional and autocratic government for the
benefit of an aristocracy of wealthy speculators and corporations. That
of Allegheny City is a government of the people, by the people, and for
the people, and you give an unqualified preference to ours.

Do you suppose your constituents of Allegheny City feel complimented
by the comparison you institute between their city government and
ours T Where irow is your love for republioan institutions and whither
have gone the manly instincts of your nature T

At the commencement of our present Commissioners' government, of
which you are now enamored, in 1878, the preponderance of the popu-
lation of the District was east of the meridian of Sixth street west. For
the next five years, to 1383. notwithstanding new building improvements
in the District averaging $2,500,000 per annum, the depreciation in tbe
value of real estate in the entire eastern half, east of said Sixth street,
was more than $5,000,000, while for the same period the increase of the
valuation of real estate in the old first ward of the city alone, where
ttte Commissioners and speculators were interested, was more than
$7,000,000.

On the score of economy, to which you refer, let us compare this '^ best
government" with the people's government. Take, for example, eight
of our States from diflferent sections of the country, Alabama, Connec-
ticut, Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, Oregbn, Rhode Island, and
Vermont. These eight States cover an area of more than 365,000 square
miles and contain a population of 6,000,000 or 7,000,000, with property
^i th^ ta:(abl9 valuation of mor^ than $3^000^0Q0^(KM^^\y\\X!iss^v%^^

70 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION.

educated and excellent business men for governors, elected by the peo-
ple and who watchfully and wisely perform the executive duties of (^eir
States respectively.

The aggregate amount of the annual salaries of these eight govemon
is $14,500, which is $500 less than the salaries of the executive head of
our little municipality, covering an area of 62 square miles with a pop-
ulation ot 230,000. But here we have three full-grown men to fill the
executive office of a municipal government, the duties of which one man
of fair business qualifications could easily perform much better than a
triple-headed executive, and the salaries of the three aggregate more
than $10 for every hour of service rendered by them for the District
throughout the year ; and even that time at that expense is mainly de-
voted to private and personal consultations with their friends seeking
favors and in devising ways and means for portioning put and fritteriDg
away their responsibilities, or as a sham court making caricatures on
judicial proceedings.

Notwithstanding your theory of the Constitution, as recently as 1887
Congress assamed to '^ delegate legislative powers " to our District Com-
missioners in police matters, under which theCommissioners— executiFe
officers— have assumed to repeal or modify a very important pre-existing
law of Congress. And this has been done and continued to this day,
while you, standing at your post of duty, with your watchful vigilance
and extensive knowledge of the rulings of nearly all the courts in Chris-
tendom against it, have remained quiet and silent, without a single note
of warning or even a remonstrance ; and, too, iu palpable disregard of
the thoughtful admonition of Justice Story. In his Commentaries he
said:

By a union of the exeoative and legislative aathority in the same persona, there
would be an end to liberty.

A very distinguished Senator of the United States in his place in the
Senate, during the present Congress, openly declared that *' the govern-
ment of this District is an absolute despotism."

In conclusion, I desire to inquire of you whether or not you think
some sort of a limited monarchy for us might be reconciled with our
Constitution and without greatly impairing the excellence of this ^^ best
government" in your estimation.

With distinguished consideration, respectfully,

S. O. OLJlBKB.

Washington, D. C, August 19, 1890.

The District question — The other side of it as presented by WUliam 0.

Dodge.

Editor Post : Permit me space for a few words in reply to the state-
ments of your correspondent, J. Johnson, as to this District. Experi-
ence has taught me that there is a generally prevailing ignorance in
regard to the District and its relation to the Ceneral Government,
but I do not recall any statement made by a resident of any consider-
able length of time which contains so much of error as this statement
of his.

He assumes that the founders of the Republic, in locating the capital
here, did so with the idea and understanding that there should bB do
suffrage, and consequently no partisan strife in the District of Colum-
bia. He furtber aa^^ tti«X \Xv^ T>\^VYva\» Sa ^QL^v^rnment reservatioD,
and that the resideula aw Vici^^ \>i ^^xm^vixi.

DISTRICT 'of COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 71

Neither of these statementa is corFect. This is not a Oovernment
reservation in the sense that a fort, arsenal, or navy-yard is. In all
Government reservations of this kind the Government is the owner in
fee-simple of the ]and and all that is on it, and hence can do with it
what it pleases. In this District the United States Government js not
and nevOT was the owner in fee-simple of the entire territory. Origi-
tially it was all owted by the citizens. When the capital was located
here by an act of July 16, 1790, after a seven years' fight over its loca-
tion in Congress, President Washington made a written agreement with
the owners of the land by which they were to convey to two trustees
their interest in trust, to be held by them for the owners and the Gov-
ernment jointly until such time as the three commissioners, which the
act authorized the President to appoint, had determined on the plan
and 'boundaries of the city, when they were to convey to the United
States Government such parts as might be selected for the streets, Ave-
nues, and alleys, reservations for public buildings and parks, and one-
half of the lots, the remaining half to be reconveyed to the original
proprietors, which was done. ^

The streets, avenues, and alleys, which constitute 54 per cent, of the
entire area of the city — exceeding that of any other city in the world —
were to be given free. The reservations, amounting to 541 acres, were
to be paid for at the rate of $65.19 per acre, or $35,266.66 for the whole ;
but, as a matter of fact, never cost the Government anything, as it was
paid out of the proceeds of the sale of the lots given it, and which lots
it was agreed should be used to erect the public buildings and make
the city improvements with, open the streets, build bridges, etc., and
for many years the proceeds of the lots were carried on the books as
the '< city fund."

It is thus clear that the United States never had any title whatever
to any portion of the 10 miles square constituting the District of Colum-
bia, except that portion occupied by the streete, avenues, and alleys,
the 541 acres of reservations, and the one-half of the lots, 10,136 in
number, amounting to 1,508 acres ; in all, 5,053 acres. All the rest of
the District, aside from small tracts since purchased or condemned for
public buildings, still remains the property of private citizens.

Of course the States of Maryland and Virginia, in making the cession
to the United States, could only cede what they possessed, and that
was the legal jurisdiction which all States possess over the territory
within their boundaries — ^' only that, and nothing more." They could
not, and did not, attempt to convey the right of property, simply be-
cause it was not theirs to convey. On the contrary, their acts of cession
specially provided '< that nothing herein contained shall be construed
to vest in the United States any right of property in the soil, or to affect
right of individuals therein, otherwise than the same shall or may be
transferred by such individuals to the United States;" and that ^Hhe
jurisdiction of the laws of the commonwealth over the persons and
property of individuals residing within the limits of the cession afore-
said shall not cease or determine until Congress, having accepted the
said cession, shall by law provide for the government thereof," etc.

It is, therefore, absurd to say that this is a reservation, in the same
sense as a fort, arsenal, or navy-yard ; and equally absurd to say that
we citizens are here ^< merely by sufferance, liable to be ordered off to-
morrow by Congress and the President, or removed by force as tres-
passers are kept out of Oklahoma by United States troops," as was not
long since stated. Of course, if any portion or the whoteot\K^\axv^*\»L
the District should be needed for pubVic uae, ttie^ QtON«rDL\aK«X ^aasw>a»?^^

72 DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA BEPBE8ENTATION.

it coDdemned and, on paying for it, take it, just as it look that for the
enlargement of the Capitol gronnds, and again for the Library site.
Aside from the exercise of that right neither Congress nor the President,
nor both combined, have any more right to drive me from my home or
take my land than Mr. Johnson has — not a bit.

From what your correspondent says aboat safifrage I infer that he
thinks there never was any snffrage in the District and that it was the
intention of the ^< founders of the Eepublic" that there never should be
any. I am a.t a loss to see how any intelligent person coald get sach
an idea, for there is not a particle of trnth in it, i» the record shows.

While the adoption of the Constitution was being advocated by those
who framed it and who certainly ought to have known what the inten-
tion of the founders was on this point, Madison in the Federalist, in
speaking of the District as the national capital^ said :

A maaioipal logiBlatare for local purposes, derived from their own soffragoA, wiU, ot
coarse, be aUowml them.

In accordance with that idea. Congress not only recognized and con-
tinued in force the municipal governments at Alexandria, established
in 1748, and Georgetown, in 1789, in both of which there was suffrage,
but it also established a city government for Washington, May 3, I8U2,
and provided for suffrage. From that time down to 1874 the suffrage,
originally confined to property-holders, was not only continued, but
enlarged, until during or soon after the war it was made universal*

Nor is this all, for when, in 18(^, a resolution to recede to the States
all of the District except the city of Washington, Mr. Henger, a Bep-
resentative from South Carolina, in opposing it, said : *< I look forward
to the period when the inhabitants, from their number and riches, win
be entitled to 2k Bepresentative on this floor. And, in respect to their
local concerns, when they grow to be more numerous and wealthy there
will be no difficulty in giving them a Territorial legislature,'' both of
which, of course, contemplated suffrage. In view of these historical
facts, it is simply ridiculous for any one to pretend that the founders
of the Republic ever intended or contemplated that there should not
be sufirage in this District. Such a suggestion is simply an exposare
of the writer's ignorance on the subject.

It is not uncommon also to hear persons say that inasmuch as the
Constitction gives Congress the power ^< to exercise exclusive legisla-
tion in all cases whatsoever " over the District, that therefore it would
be unconstitutional for Congress to establish a local government in
the District. Story, the great commentator on the Constitution, did
not think so, for, in discussihg this question, he says:

In ^iDt of fact, the corporations in the three cities (Alexandria, Georgetown, aod
Washington) within their limits possess and exercise a delegated power ^ legislation
under their charters granted by Congress to the fall extent of their monioipal wamts^
without any constitutional scruple or surmise of donbt. (Story on the Oonstitation,
section 1223.)

Besides, if it is unconstitutional, by what authority does the present
so-called District government exists and by what authority does Con-
gress confer on the three Commissioners the power to make health,
plumbing, building, and police regulations: and to establish penalties
for their violations, and which it says shall have the same force and
effect as though enacted by Congress! What is that but municipal
legislation T And if it has the constitutional right to delegate t^is
power to three men, has it liot the i)ower to delegate it to a larger num-
ber— to the people of the District, as it did for seventy years T The
question is so clear aoid. o>5n\o\x^ \Xi^\.\\. \\»iA£dlY admits of argument

DISTRICT OP COLUBIBIA REPRESENTATION. 73

The whole question resolves itself into oue of policy. What is the best
plan T Of that I do not speal^ at present. «

The exclusive power of legislation ceded by the States to the National
Gki\ernment was just that exclusive power which the States themselves
possesseil and exercised over all cities, towns, and villages within their
boundaries, neither more nor less. It was the supreme, controlling,
general power which all States possess over all municipalities within
the State.

All persons familiar with the history of the country understand why
that provision was incorporated into the Constitution. Congress, sit-
ting at Philadelphia in 1783 at the close of the war, was threatened with
violence, not by the citizens of Philadelphia, but by the discharge^
soldiers who sought redress and relief; and as the city and State au-
thorities confessed their inability to protect Congress, the latter left
and went to Princeton, N. J. It was to prevent the possibility of the
recurrence of such events that that clause was inserted so that Con-
gress should have supreme control of the district in which the national
seat of Government might be located, and thus have the power to make
such laws as it might deem necessary for that x>urpose.

It was not intended or expected that Congress would act as the local
legislature for the District, for, as stated by Randolph in 1803, Congress
h£ui not Che time nor the knowledge of local wants necessary to enal51e
it to do so. Said he : '^ To attempt to legislate for the District, was,
in effect, to constitute the chairman of the committee, or at any rate,
the committee itself on the affairs of the territory, the Solon, or the Ly-
curgus of the place. It is well known that the indolence of other mem-
bers or their indifference, inseparable from the situation in which they
are placed, would prevent Congress from legislating with a full under-
standing of the objects before them, " and truly prophetic words they *
were, as experience proves.

Mr. Johnson's suggestion that suffrage in this District would endanger
the "safety of the Government buildings" is a gratuitous insult to
every citizen of the District, past and present — one that I am surpvised
that any resident should offer. Does he not know that for seventy-odd
years we voted here in the District, and did he ever in all that time
hear of the public buildings being endangered by the citizens in con-
sequence T Does not all history show that it is in cities where oppres-
sion and tyranny reign that mob violence endangers Government
officials and property, and not in cities where self-government exists,
and where consequently the populace are contented and happy T

W. C. Dodge.

December 18, 1889.

Mr. Johnstoria rejoinder, — More light upon the legal statue of the District

of Columbia,

Editor Post : In a recent article which you kindly published, and
which Mr. W. C. Dodge has replied to at great length. I endeavored
to throw new light upon the legal status of the District. I sincerely
hope he does not really believe I intended to insult any one. Mr. Dodge
gives us some interesting reminiscences, not sufficient, however, to
prove that the United States Government was a fool when it negotiated for
the District as a locality for Government purposes. I would like to ask
Mr. Dodge what was the effectof the acts of Maryland^ v?h\ft\v\\ft> Q^<5k\fc%o5L
not for the very purpose of destroying an^ t\g\i\;^ \o \Xifc ^^S\. ^^ nNsv^X^-

74 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PEPRESENTATION.

cality, which the residents would obtain, except by permission of the
Government of the United States. I did not speak of military reserra-
tions. I do not say that the United States ever had title in fee-simple
to all the land in the District, but I do say that the origfinal owners of
the land parted with the titles in fee-simple. To whom T Why, to Cer-
tain trustees or commissioners. What fort Why, in order to secore
to the United States dominion over the soil so that it might exercise the
sovereign right of eminent domain and condemn property for pnblie
uses ; for if there remains within the District any property which the
original owner did not part with, I submit as a sound legal proposition
the United States could not condemn it.

The United States did not take this land without remuneration to
the owners. It asked the owners of the soil to agree to part with their
lands. The State of Maryland says some of them were so imbecile as not
toconsent. I recollect once reading that Washington himself paid many
visits to the cabinof a certain obstinate Individual named David Bums,
to secure his consent to a transfer. The United States did not want
all the land in fee-simple. It wanted dominion over the land. I do
not say the United States could order people off, as in the case of a
military reservation. Possibly it might, but it would not. The remu-
neration to the original owners of the soil was this very permission to re-
take the land in fee-simple; but to take it howT Why, under the
Government of the United States, and not under the government of
Maryland ; thus the i>eople of the District have acquired vested rights.
Kow the nation is not legally bound to respect vested rights, but all
decent nations do respect them.

The Government under which the people acquired these vested rights
by permission — that is, were allowed to retake their land in fee-simple—
is set forth in the first section of the first article of the Gonstitution,
which says: ^^All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a
House of Representatives ; " also, the eighth section of the same article,
which says this Congress shall have power << to exercise exclusive legis-
lation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding 10 miles
square) as may, by cession of f articular States and the acceptance of
Congress become the seat of government of the United States.''

Though not germane to the sicibject, I will conclude by informing Mr.
Doilge that the ordinances he mentions as being secured by former suf-
frage are not laws. They are simply municipal regulations. Their legal
status is exactly the same as that of the by-laws passed by the Wash-
ington and Georgetown Railroad. If such by-laws are not reasonable
courts will set them aside. Courts can not set laws aside.

Jebe Johnston.

Washington, December 20, 1889.

The Librarian of Congress, Mr. A. B. Spofiford, delivered a lecture at
Baltimore, Friday night, on ** the founding of Washington City.'' It
was replete with historical facts of local interest.

The early struggles and debates in the constitutional convention and
in the First Congress over the vexed question of the proper site for the
seat of government were sketched at length, with salient and some-
times humorous specimens of early eloquence upon the subject. It was
shown that the controversy extended over several years ; that a loca-
tion on the Susquehanna or the Delaware, rather than upon the banka

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REPRESENTATION. 75

, of the Potomac, was urged with great pertinacity by the members from
l^ew England and Pennsylvania; that much acrimony, sectional spirit,
wd even implied threat of dissolving the newly-formed Union of the
States attended the discussion ; that a very decided majority at first
existed against a site so southerly as the present District of Oolnmbia ;
that Oermantown, a suburb of Philadelphia, was at first agreed to by
both houses ; that the House had twice voted to establish the capital
on the Susquehanna, and that finally the site on the Potomac was ac-
cepted by the narrow majority of two votes in the Senate and three
votes in the House.

These votes, moreover, could not have been had, and the question
might have remained open for years but for two circumstances : First,
the accession of Forth Carolina to the Union, giving the South votes
enough, with afew from Pennsylvania, to carry the measure ; and, second,
a grand compromise of interests and prejudices so often seen in legis-
laSon, by which the assumption of State debts (about $20,000,000) by
the United States was made to carry by ah agreement that Pennsylva-
nia should have the seat of government (then at New York) for ten
years, f^ter which it should be established on the Potomac Biver.

It is a notable fact that this primary act of Congress, ostensibly fix-
ing the site or the Federal capital, actually defined no locality whatever
as the ultimate seat of government. It gave to the President (Wash-
ington) the sole power to select any site on the Biver Potomac, between
the mouth of the Eastern Branch (or Anacostia) and Williamsport,.
Md., near Bagerstown, a distance of about 100 miles, following the
windings of the river. Washington had it in his power, under the pro-
visions of this act, to have founded the capital at Harper's Ferry, 50*
miles west of Baltimore, instead of 40 miles south of that city. He
might even have located it, at his discretion, at the mouth of the Cono-
cheague, 100 miles further up the river than the present capital ; and
there is a contemporaneous letter of Oliver Wolcott extant, which says:
^^In IHOO we were to go to the Indian place with the long name on the
Potomac.''

Washington, however, with that consummate judgment which marked
every act of his career, selected just the one spot in the entire range of
the territory prescribed by Congress which combined the advantages
of unfailing tidewater navigation, convenient access from Baltimore and
the other great cities northward, and superb natural sites alike for the
public buildings and for the varied wants of a populous city. The
'^magnificent distances," once the theme of so much cheap ridicule, are
found not a whit too liberal now that Washington has grown from a
straggling village in the woods into a well-built and well-paved empo-
rium for a population which has by no means begun to reach its des-
tined high limit.

The liberal Interest taken by Maryland in the successful location and
growth of Washington was evinced by noble contributions in money,
and by additional loan of $100,000 at a critical period when Congress
had failed to make appropriations to carry forward the public buildings,
and President Washington appealed with success to the State of Mary-
land for the loan.

[Remarks of Hon. H. W. Blair in the United Btates Senate,

September 17, 1890.]

INDEX TO DOCUMENTS.

P>«e.

Amendment to the COnstltntiony proposed 1

At Lee, 8. Yorke (letter) 67

Baker, Sidney S. (letter) 52

Bartlett, Rev. Dr. W. A. (letter) 52

'Beale, General Edward F. (letter) 44

Beall,R. J. (letter) 4&

Berret, Hon. James G. (letter) 46

Peetor, H. B. (letter) 63

Bowen, Hon. Sayles J. (letter) « 46

Browne, A. K. (letter) 56

Petition for a local government republican in form 4

Clapp, Hon. A. M. (letter) * 64

Clark, Appleton P. (letters) ;. ...37,40,41

Clarke, Silas C. (letters) 4,64,68

Committee of One Hundred (petition) 2

Committee of One Hundred (memorial) 6

Maryland's act ceding a site for seat of Government 7

Proviso in supplementary act 7

United States' act accepting site for seat of Government 6

Amendatory act respecting the site 7

Steps taken to buUd the capital city 9

Contemporary views as to a local government 11

Congress intrusts the people with the local government 12

How the people executed the trust for seventy years 14

No public lands given to the District for schools 15

The Territorial government of 1871 15

Temporary commissioner government of 1874 15

About the so-called District debt 16

Commissioner government of 1878 (the present government) 17

Magnitude of District affairs 17

The present oligarchy wrong in principle 18

A large mi^oi'i^y of the people dissatietied 21

The modification proposed 22

Crane, John H. (letter) 65

Crossman, J. H. (letter) 57

De Land, Theodore L. (letter) 55

Dexter, Henry M. (letter) 54

Dodge, William C. (letters) 23,31,43,51,70

Edwards, V.B. (letter) 61

Emery. Hon. M. G. (letter) x 46

Fish. Ross A. (letter) : 63

Gardner, Lawrence (letter) 61

Hall, Maj. H. A. (letter) 62

Hovey, General Charles E. (letter) 58

Hume, Hon. Frank (letter) 48

Johnson, £. Kurtz (letter) • 67

Johnson, Jerre (letter) 73

Kiuff, Hon. Horatio (letter) 68

Mullett, A. B. (letter)..... ^

INDEX TO DOCUMENTS.

Pomerov, Hod. S. C. (letter) tt

Parvifl, Dr. C. B. (letter) 56

Richards, Prof. Z. (letter) 59

Beyburn, Dr. Robert (letter) 44

Seymour, B. N. (letter) Stf

^ Small, Jamee (letter) S>

Smith, James H. (letter) 47

Spofford, A. B. (an address) 74

Sutberlaud, Edwin (letter) 48

Taylor, Hawkins (letter) 59

Walker, M^. 8. H. (letter) 56

Warner, B. H. (letter) 67

Wilson, Prof. J. Ormond (letter) 57

OPINIONS OF DISTINGUISHED MEN.

Psga

John Adams 49

Sam ael Adams 42

Rev. Dr. Alison 42

W.B.Allison 38

A British ambassador 34

Mr. Bacon ( Massachasetts) 11

George Bancroft 19

Ex-Mayor Bowen 33

Lord Coke 36,41

S. S. Cox 6

Mr. Dennis (Maryland) 11

Ohief-Jnstice Ellsworth 42

Ex-Mayor Emery 33

Mr. Eustis (Massaohnsetts) 12

Prof. John Fiske 12

Benjamin Franklin 36,42

Thomas Jeiferson 10

Christopher Gadsden 42

Edward Gibbon 18

Boston Globe 36

Mr. Habersham (Georgia) 42

Alexander Hamilton 6,19

Patrick Henry 42

Philadelphia Herald ( 1795) 9

Mr. Harper 49

Mr. Hopkins (Rhode Island) 42

Mr. H uger ( South Carolina) 11

JohnA. Kasson ^H

Robert R. Livingston 42

John A. Login 36

James Lovell p 35

James Madison 11,36

Mr. Justice Miller 6,18

Oliver P. Morton , 36

William Pitt 6

Josiah Quincy 35

Samnel J. Randall ! 36

John Randolph 6, 12, 28, 29, %, 41

William H. Seward 36

Samnel L. Southard 9,12

Mr. Justice Stoiy 14,70

English Tri am virate 20

Mr. Varnum (Massachnsetta) 12

Ex-Mayor Wallach 32

Geon^'e Washington 10

Dr. Joseph Warren 35

Daniel Webster 3,33,34.38.42

William L. Wilson 6.20

New York World 37

Chief- Justice Woodward 36

51st Congress, ) SENATE. ( Mis. Doc.

1st Session, i \ No. 238.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.*

Sbptkmbsr 17, 1890. —Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Plumb submitted the following

RESOLUTION:

Resolved^ That the bill (H. E. 3316) to establish a aniform system of
bankruptcy be recommitted to the Committee on the Judiciary, with
instruction to so amend the same as to provide a system of 'voluntary
bankruptcy only, and as thus amended to again report the same to the
Senate at the earliest practicable moment.

51st Cokgress, \ SENATE. ( Mis.Doa

1st Session, i \ No. 239.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

SsPTEMBKR 20, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Habbis sabmitted the followlDg
RESOLUTION:

[Requiring the re-enrollment of Senate bill No. 145, for the relief of the legal rep-
reeentatiTe of Henry 8. French.]

Whereas Senate bill No. 146, <^ for the relief of the legal represent-
atiTes of Henry S. French," referring the claims to the Oourt^ of
Olaims; and

Whereas said bill does not require said Ooart of Claims to determine
the jnrisdicional fact of the loyalty of the said Henry S. French ; and

Whereas said bill passed the Senate, and subsequently passed the
House of Representatives, and was sent to the President and was, by
concurrent resolution recalled from the President, in order that the bill
should be so amended as to require the court to aetermine the question
of loyalty of the said Henry S. French : Therefore,

Resolved by the Senate^ the House of Representatives concurring j That
said bill be re-enrolled, and in the re enrollment of said bill there shall
be inserted afbf^r the word <^ parties," in line 9 of said enrolled bill, the
foUowiog :

^<And if said court shall find that said Henry S. French did not give
any aid and comfort to the rebellion, but was throughout the war loyal
to the Oovernment of the United States, and such loyalty having been
thus established,"

So that said bill when re-enrolled shall read as follows:

Ad act for the relief of the legal representatives of Henry S. French. .

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the tinited
States of America in Congress assembled, That the legal representatives
of Henry S. French, deceased, late of Nashville, Tennessee, be, and are
hereby, authorized to bring suit in the Court of Claims for the recovery
of the net proceeds of two hundred and thirty bales ot cotton taken at
Jonesborough, Oeorgia, in September, eighteen hundred and sixty-four,
by General William G. Le Due, by oMer of General Sherman, ana
turned over to the Treasury agent, and by him sold and the proceeds

Said into the Treasury of the United States; and for this purpose juris-
iction is hereby conferred upon said court to bear and determine and
render j ndgment in conformity with the rights of the respective parties ;
and if said court shall find that said Henry S. French did not give any
aid and comfort to the rebellion, but was throughout the war loyal to
the (Government of the United States, and said loyalty having been
thus established, if it shall further find that said Henry S« French in
buying such cotton did not violate any uo^-ii\t/Q;i^\Vc«i^^A^^^^^^c!iS^

2 LEGAL BEPRESENTATIVES OF HENRT S. FRENCH.

or any part thereof, was takeu by the officers of the United States and
the proceeds tnmed into the Treasury, then, and in that event, judg-
ment shall be entered for the claimant for such proceeds, which judg-
ment shall be paid out of the captured and abandoned property fiind;
and the said court shall, in the hearing of said claim, consider any ev-
idence that may have been taken under the direction of the Soathem
Claims Commission in regard to the claim of Henry S. French, with an-
thority on the part of the United States or the claimants to take addi-
tional testimony under the rules of saiil court: Providedj That an ap-
peal shall lie in said cause fi^m said court to the Supreme Court as in
other cases.

51ST Congress, \ SENATE. i Mrs. Duo.

lat Session, S ] No. 240.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

Sbptbm^kr 22, 1890.— Orderod to be printed.

Mr. Pltthb submitted the following

RESOLUTION:

To provide for au inyestigatioii in the interest of labor and capital.

Whereas certain statements made in the memorial of the Woman's
National Industrial League of America for the protection of women
and children employed in the mills and factories throughout the United
States, and presented in the Senate on September 3, 1890, demand that
the truth or falsity of these statements be known : Therefore

Resolved^ That the Committee on Education and Labor be directed
to investigate these charges.

That said committee shall have power to send for papers and per-
sons, take testimony under oath, and report the results of this investi-
gation to the Senate at the earliest practical moment in December next.

That the expenses of said committee shall be paid out of the funds of
the contingent expenses of the Senate.

MBMORIAL OF THE WOMAN'S NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL LXSAOtTI!
OF AJftBRICA FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN
EMPLOYED IN THE MILLS AND FACTORIES THROUGHOUT THE
UNITED STATES.

The Woman's National Industrial League of America, having care-
fully watched the tariff debates in the United States Senate, and hav-
ing from our own observation and experience obtained facts which
corroborate the statements made by several Senators, respectfully sub-
mit the following memorial :

Evidently the intended protection liberally bestowed by the House
and Senate does not protect labor, but is only fruitful to the manu-
facturers in this country.

Women and children of tender age are virtually today the slaves
of powerful corporations.

In the cotton and woolen mills of Pennsylvania, New York, and the
New England Stiites women and children work at from 35 to 75 cents
a day; their day's work consists of ten hours; hence at from 3^ to 7^
cents per hour.

According to the census of Massachusetts of 1885, 23 per cent, of all
persons employed in the cotton and woolen mills receive only $2.10 to
$4.50 per week, attending to from two to three looms each ; while in
Great Britain they have charge of from one to two looms only.

Families in these aforementioned States falsify the entries in their

S. wis. 4 5T

2 P»{OTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN.

famU^: Bibles, so as to enable them to put their children earlier to wofk
than the law permits, being unfortunately forced to resort to these
means in order to be able to meet current living expenses.

The president of the Woman's National League was appointed by tlie
chairman of the Senate Committee on Education and Labor to investi-
gate the status of the working women in this country and has also for
years past carefully watched the abuses of these coriK>ratioos, and from
actual facts and statistics gathered appeals to your honorable body for
])rotectiou to these unfortunate women and children.

Immediately after the passage of the tariff in the House on May 21
last, when a bountiful provision of an advance of 50 per cent^ on the
ad valorem duty was granted to the cloak manufacturers, they, on the
nth day of June, notified their women workers that their wages would
be reduced 26 per cent. Receiving themselves a further protection of
50 per cent, on the ad valorem duty, yet reducing in turn their womea
wage- workers' pittance to a further reduction of 25 per cent, seems Uke
grinning mockery and wanton cruelty.

The silk weavers of Bethlehem, Pa., have been notified by their em-
ployers that a reduction of 40 percent, of their wages has been decided
upon ; they, for self-preservation, had to strike.

These silk ribbon manufaeturers have also been liberally providedfor
with an advance of 20 per cent, by the House and Senate on their goods,
receiving a bounty of 20 per cent, extra, and asking their white slaves
to contribute from their already scant wages 40 per cent., seems almost
inhuman.

Your memorialists also respectfully submit to you that women in New
York city are making boys' jackets for 15 cents each (in fact, a whole
jacket for the price of two loaves of bread) ; a pair of pants for 12
cents each.

Women finishers in the woolen mills in Pennsylvania, according
to Pennsylvania annual report of the secretary of internal afB^irs for
1888, receive only 45 cents a day (not girls, but full grown women);
women spinners, 71 cents per day ; women spoolers, ^m 42 to 64 cents
per day ; women weavers, 40 to 90 cents per day, the latter to experts
only.

In the knit-goods factories women (not girls) receive 55 cents per day
for winding spools; women spinners, 50 cents per day; yam twisters,
63 cents per day ; yarn spinners, 66 cents per day; reelers, 65 cents per
day.

Girls at work in Pennsylvania in the shoe and boot factories receive
50 cents per day.

In the textile fabric factories the women spinners and spoolers receive
from 47 cents to 55 cents per day, and the winders 66 cents per day,
while the dressers of woven textiles get only 43 cents per day.

According to the chief of the bureau of statistics of labor in Massa-
chusetts, in his twentieth annual report for 1890, on page 570, he states
that 391 female children from ten to thirteen years are employed in the
factories of Massachusetts, and that 69,807 girls of the age from
fourteen to nineteen years are doing factory work. Considering that
out of the 114,223 girls of the age between fourteen and nineteen years
in the whole State of Massachusetts 69,807 girls are factory girls, or
over 61 per cent, of the whole girl population of that age, it seems
almost incredible but for the facts presented in that official report

In Vol. II, page 215, of the Massachusetts census for 1885, the fol-
lowing startling confession is recorded: "During the year ending Jane
30, 1885, 15,538 wom^n were fornished with work at home, and the

PEOTECTION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 6

umoant paid to these women for the whole year was $514,362," or at the
average of $33.10 a year of 312 working days, equal to lOf cents per
day.

AH this respectfully submitted, and earnestly asking for relief, your
memorialists will ever pray.

Charlotte Smith, PreHdmt.

Catherine BergbNi Secretary.

Washington, D. C, September 2, 1890.

51ST Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doc.

Ist Session. J ( No. 241.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

Sbptsmbbr 25, 1890.— Ordered to lie on the table and be printed.

Mr. Platt submitted the following

MEMORIAL

OF THE FRBSCOTT AND ARIZONA CBNTRAL RAILWA7 COM-
PANT, IN RBFERENCE TO THE BILL (S. 4165) TO AUTHORIZB
THE COUNTT OF MARICOPA TO ISSUE CERTAIN BONDS IN AID
OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A CERTAIN RAILROAD.

To the Congress of the United States :

Your memorjalist, representing the Prescott and Arizona Oentral
Eailroad Company, the people of Maricopa Oounty, . and the varied
interests involved in the legislation proposed by Senate bill 4165, has
the honor, very respectfully » to say: That in March, 1885, the legisla-
ture of Arizona passed an act authorizing the county of Yavapai to
issue bonds, at the rate of $4,000 per mile (subscribing to stock for
same amount), to any railway company which should build a railway
from the Atlantic and Pacific Bailroad to the city of Prescott by Jan-
uary 1, 1887, and thence to the northern boundary of Maricopa Oounty.
when practicable (in the opinion of said company), by a line defined
by said act.

No one up .to this time had had the temerity or courage to attempt to
build a north and south railroad in that arid country, although several
needed lines had then been projected, and remain unbuilt to this day.
Mr. Thomas S. Bullock, however, organized the Prescott and Arizona
Central Bailroad Company, took the contract from the board of super-
visors of said county, and built the first section of the road— t. e,j from
the Atlantic and Pacific Bailroad to Prescott, a distance of 74 miles —
within the time prescribed by the law, and hence is the pioneer in
building north and south railroads in Arizona. The cost of this road
to date, as shown by Poor's Bailroad Manual, which is the railroad au-
thority of the country, is $2,750,000, and hence Mr. Bullock, and the
company of which he is president, has a status before Congress in any
legislation to aid in the building of a through line between the Atlan-
tic and Pacific Eailroad and Phcdnix, as proposed by this bill, for the
reason that his lar^e interests may be affected thereby.

It was the intention of Mr. Bullock from the outset to continue his
line to PhcBuix and to the Southern Pacific Bailroad, but the Territorial
act referred to only gives him a franchise and subsidy to the northern
boundary of Maricopa County upon a line which is the shortest prac-
ticable route between Prescott and Phoenix. The fact, however, that it
will not pay to build railroads in that country by private capital alone,
and also that the construction of our road from Prescott to the north-
ern line of Maricopa County stopping there would not pay, induced

2 PBESCOTT AND. ARIZONA RAILWAY COMPANT.

the legiBlature to give the company unlimited discretion as to tLe time
in which to complete it. Dnnng the same year the legialatore, in the
interest of certain citizens, passed a similar act for a road from PhoBnix
to Wickenbnrgh, then a mining camp with some prospects j but there
was no community of interest l^tween the two acts, for the lines in both
were defined in such a manner that the Maricopa road would strike tiie
northern boundary of that county more than 30 miles west of the point
to be reached by us, and hence we could not take advantage of the sub-
sidy provided by the latter act and build through to Phoenix.

The object of this bill purports to be to give to the citizens of Mari-
copa County and of that portion of the Territory a continuous line
from Phoenix to the Atlantic and Pacific Railway, and this is what the
people greatly need in order to the exchange of products with the people
of the northern portion of the Territory. But the object of the promoters
of the bill seems to be an entirely different one. In the first place, this
bill defines no line, and they tell you that it is drawn to overcome the
objections to a former bill which was vetoed by the President.

The vetoed bill did define the line to some extent, i. e,y via Presoott ; but
though this definition was not objected to by the President, it is left ont
of this bill, and , any attempt to reinstate it is resisted, while all the
arguments urged for the passage of both bills were founded upon the
building of a continuous line which should connect the agricultural
district of Maricopa, via Prescott, with the timber sections of the north,
and yet Prescott and the 74 miles of road behind it are stricken from
this bill, notwithstanding the people voted for a line from PhcBuix to
Prescott for the purpose of securing commercial Intercourse with the
northern portion of the Territory and relief fi^om exorbitant freight
rates, which will come by competition, (the reasons for this action of re-
sisting a defined line will be stat^ later on). The road desired is one
which will be of as general interest to the people of Maricopa County
as for all that portion of the Territory; this is clearly set forth by the
utterances of the Territorial officers, by the vote of the people, and the
report of the House committee which says that—

It is represented by the people of Maricopa Connty, and these representations are
corroborated by officials of the Territory and by the Delegate to Congress, that this
propoHed legislation is an imperatiye necessity, not-only to the people of that county,
but to the Territory at large.

Maricopa County is the most populous of any county in til6 Territory, and the mosi
fertile at)d productive. In it is located what is known as the Salt River Valley. This
valley contains 75 per cent, of the land now cultivated in the whole Territory of
Arizona, and contains 85 per cent, of the population of Maricopa County. One mill-
ion two hundred thousand dollars has been expended in the construction of ten irri-
gating canals, which canals water 200,000 acres of land of exceeding fertility. Im-
mense crops of hay and cereals of various kinds are produced ; but a large portion of
these lands that are already provided with canals at great exp^ise are Yalneless for
the want of transportation facilities. Thousands of tons of hay are rotting in the
stack, and large quantities of wheat and barley lie useless in granaries for want of
this outlet. The proposed road, running through this valley, would give immediate
relief to the farmers and be of inestimable value to all its inhabitants.

It also appears that this road is not more necessary for the exportation of products
than for the importation of lumber, coal, machinery, and other articles not produced
there. The people in Salt River Valley nay from $40 to $60 a thousand for Inmber
brought from Puget Sound, a distance of 1,500 miles. With the proposed road thev
will reach their own pine forests, where lumber is worth $10 to |lS a thousand, u
it were for nothing but the lumber alone the aid proposed to this road would 8e«*m to
be a wise investment. The lack of this road afl&cts in a large degree all the neces-
saries of life.

It appears that not onlv Maricopa Qounty but all Arizona will be benefited by the
building of this road. The Territory is divided into two unconnected communitiM.
without the means of commercial intercourse. In order to reach the capital by risl
the people in tkortbetn Axizonahave to travel nearly 1,000 miles westward, through

PRESCOTT AND ARIZONA RAILWAY COMPANY. 3

CalrforniA) or eastward fhrongh New Mexico; Imt that 19 DOthing compared to the
embargo which intervening raonntains lay on the trade l)etween the people. There
18 no State or Territory in the Union in wnich the natural production of one part in-
vites such mutually profitable exchange for those of another, and in which natural
obstacles make sucn exchange so impossible.

The governor of Arizona in his annual report of 1889 to the Secretary of the Interior
says, with reference to this road:

''The connecting railroad from the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad throngb Prescott
and Phoenix to the Southern Pacific Railroad, is an essential road and must bo built
before long. It makes the exchange through that seotion of the produce of the south
with the lumber and ores of the north, besides making available a number of large
mines as to size and quantity, but just too low of grade or value to stand present rates
of transportation. While lumber in PhoBuix is worth |45 to $60 per thousand feet,
less than '^00 milifs from here, and within the Territory, it is worth only from |12 to
f 15 for the same classes.''

It appears that three ^ears ago this county gave a subsidy of |200,000 of bonds to
secure a branch connection with the Southern Pacific Railroad ; that while its charges
are so exorbitant as to be practically prohibitory upon exports, and a tremendous
tax upon those necessaries of life that must be imported, yet the benefit has been great.
It has madeitpossible to begin the development of the resources of MaricopaCounty .

lu view of these facts tlie House, committee ananimonsly adopted an
amendment to the first section of the bill, requiring the road to be built
0J1 the shortest practicable route, knowing that this would connect
with the 74 miles built from the Atlantic and Pacific to Prescott, and
at the same time save the people a large amount of money and serve
their expressed wishes in regard to the line to be occupied, and fbr the
reason that 106 miles of road would fill the gap between the two cities
of PhoBnix and Prescott, only 45 of which would lie in Maricopa County
to be subsidized, while on the Reynolds line the distance would be 147
miles, 70 of which is to be subsidized.

Further, the committee adopt as part of this report a statement
made by N. O. Murphy, secretary of the Territory, giving " Eeasons
why Maricopa County should be authorized to grant a subsidy to induce
the construction of a north and south Railroad."

First. Because it is the practicaUy unanimous wish of the people, who know their
wants.

Second. Because it is a necessity to the progress and development of the county
that railway competition be had.

Third. Because the desired competition can not be had unless subsidy inducements
are granted.

Fourth. Because the usual arguments against such legislation do not apply in this
case.

Fifth. Because it can be -clearly shown that the county will be a financial gainer
by granting the subsidy.

Sixth. Because there is virtually no opposition to the proposition except from peo-
ple who fear comi>etition, which is in itself a strong argument in its favor.

Seventh. Because a n4)rth and south road will bring into competition two great
transcontinental trunk lines for the trade of the country crossed, which can not fail
to benefit the people and insure their prosperity.

Eighth. Because the trafiio of the county and neighborhood praying for this relief
is now completely at the mercy of railroad corporations, and there is no escape except
by securing competition.

The locality which this legislation proposes to relieve and assist is s tnated between
two trunk lines of railroad, one the Southern Pacific and the other the Atlantic and
Pacific. There is a branch road from the Southern Pacific north to the city of Phoenix
'M miles long, and there is a branch from the Atlantic and Pacific south to the city
of Prescott 73 miles long. The distance between the two places is approximately
130 miles. Each locality has but one outlet and is consequently wholly without the
advantages of competition, and the country between, having no railroad, can not be
developed and utilized to advantage and profit.

It therefore devolves n^on the people in self-defense to ubo every effort to induce
the construction of this road connecting tlie two main lines by parties independent
of cither of the two great corporations.^ I respectfully contend that a case of similar
conditions can not be found iu the country. The city of Phoenix, the capital of the
Territory, aud the couuty seat of Maricopa County, has 7,000 inhabitants and is the

4 PRESCOTT AND ARIZONA RAILWAY COMPANY.

distributiug and supply point of one of the finest agricultural valleys on ibis oodU-
neut, larger in area than some of the States of the Union, and she now sees her prog-
ress reta^ed and the development of this great agricultural section checked by a
lack of Irausportatiou facilities that would afibrd a market for the product bouoti-
fully raised and rapidly advance the wealth and prosperity of the section.

The city of Prescott, the county seat of Yavapai County, and the former capital of
the Territory^ has 3,000 inhabitants and is the largest town in the northern part of
Arizona. It is the distributing point for a large section of mineral, timber, and
grazing couutry, and the people are forced to go abroad for their agricultural fiap-
plies, tbeir flour, hay, barley, etc., and pay a double price for them because they have
no road to the rich valleys of the south, where the grain is stored unsold for want of
a market. The people of the southern valleys could with the aid of a railroad get
lumber and other timber, coal, etc., in the north for about one-half what it now costs
them going to the far East and far West therefor, besides finding a home market for
agricultural products. The consequences are that the great natural resources of thii
part of the country can only be partially developed. Jmnes can not be worked and
made productive which with cheaper supplies would vield riches, and the other indiu-
tries of the neighborhood are comparatively retardea.

These two localities north and south directly interested have 30,000 people and de-
pend very largely upon each other, and each is willing and anxious tou contribute to
the advancement of the other and a north and south railroad is fdmost a natural ne-
cessity to them both. The people are assured that if the subsidy is authorized relief
will be quickly afforded. Over 95 per cent, of the voters of Maricopa County have
declared by public ballot in favor of the subsidy, and they have looked into the mat-
ter carefully. They know all about the responsibilities they wish to assume; they
see clearly their condition and know their wants, and they earnestly ask Congress to
grant them simply what they claim to be their right in equity and justice as fi«e
Americans.

On behalf of the Territory of Arizona, and of Maricopa County especially, and be-
cause it is necessary to the welfare and prosperity of the people, I ask that the de-
sired legislation be had.

Eeferring to the issae at the election held Augnst, 1889, the fact is that
out of 84:6 votes given outside of Phoenix 536 were cast by precincts 40
to 20 miles ea^ of that city, which would not have cast a vote for I?ey-
nolds's line. Hence it will be seen that all the arguments in favor of the
passage of the bill are based not upon local issues, but upon a through
line, and one that is defined to include Prescott and. the road behind it
which penetrates the great mountain plateau on the north, covered with
forests of magnificenttimber,tbeproductsof which are so largelyneeded
and used in the South.

The fact is that everything which the people of the North have to
sell is wanted in the South, and everything the people of the Soutii
have to sell is wanted in the North. Now, the line we propose to build
will save 40 per cent, in mileage over the Reynolds line, and upon
which these exchanges will be made for all time to come.

Mr. Bullock is abundantly able and anxious to extend his line to
Phoenix, but, as I have before stated, to build simply to the northern
boundary of Maricopa County will not pay, nor will it pay to build
through to Phcenix and then comi)ete with a subsidized road for a por-
tion of the business of Maricopa County; neither will the parties asking
for the passage of this bill as it now stands, ever build to the Atlantic
and Pacific should we extend our line to Phcenix, and iu the minds of
many it is a matter of extreme doubt whether Mr. Reynolds intends to
build beyond his mines in the direction of the Atlantic and Pacific Rail-
road.

At any rat<s it was and is his intention to build northwest from Phoe-
nix (while Prescott lies directly north), in the direction of bis ipines and
»long the townships in which his aiders and abettors have attempted
to secure a large acreage of desert lands through procured titles — a very
questionable means. The records of the Land Office show, viz., that the
Arizona Canal Company and the Arizona Improvement Company, of

PRE8C0TT AND ARIZONA RAILWAY c6mPANY. 5

both of whioli William J. Murphy is jprcsideut, the Valley Bank of
PhobDix, of which Mr. William Christy is cashier, with William J.
Mnrphy, William Christy, H. H. Logau, Jere Millay, W. H. Sherman,
S. C. Simoods, and S. D. Falton as witnesses, combined to Acquire ti-
tles to 94 entries of desert lands in Maricopa County, 41 of which were
for 640 acres each, 11 for 480 acres each, and the remainder for 320 down
to 40 acres each, aggregating between 30,000 and 40,000 acres of land,
the average value of which where they can be irrigated is said to^be
$30 per acre.

Now, these lands are mainly situated in the townships contiguous to
or traversed by the line of road which Eeynolds proposes to build.
This is referred to to show that this legislation is sought to serve pri-
vate and not the public interests of the people of Maricopa County
or of that section of the Territory, and the reason why a defined line
of road is so stubbornly resisted by these parties. The ability of Mr.
Bullock to build this road having been questioned by these promoters
before the House committee, I wrote to the largest banking house in
the United States upon this subject, and hereto append their reply as
follows:

[J. Sl W.Selignuui &Co., Bankers. J

Nbw Tork, September 5, 1890.

Dear Sir : Your iuqairy of yesterday aa to the finanoial standing of Mr. T. 8.
Bill lock to baud, to which we take sreat pleasure in stating to ^on that we have
had in the past two years business dealings with Mr. Ballock amounting to $8,000,000 ;
and as to whether Mr. Bullock is Capable of building 130 miles of railroad, we would
slate that he has built within the past year and a naif upward of 250 miles of rail<
road, and we consider Mr. Bullock capable of oarryiug out any enterprise that he
undertakes.

Yours, truly,

J. A W. Sbugman & Co.
General W. C. Kibbr,

Washington, D. C.

It is a significant fact that the amendment to the first section of the
bill, i. «., by the shortest practicable routCj which was unanimously made
by the House committee, and directly in the interest of the people, was
met by the promoters with the announcement that they would kill the
measure if that amendment remained in it, and even the honorable
Delegate from the Territory, being present, said to the committee:
'^Gentlemen, you can do what yon please with this bill now. I shall
never call it up or attempt to pass it." So tlTey do not want a short
line, though it runs through the very center of this large county and
will accommodate the people two-thirds of whom live east of PhcBuix
and of our line.

The other amendments proposed by the subcommittee of the House
tcere to increase the trustees to three, naming Mr. Bullock as one ; to
prevent the issue of any bonds until the line was completed from Phcdnix
to the Atlantic and Pacific Railway^ to all of which I readily assented ;
and I also suggested to that committee that the limit of 45 milea in
the county could be made, the maximum grade to 40 feet to the mile,
and the time to build to two years, which would also be acceptable to
our company.

I most respectfully submit .the above and ask your careful considera-
tion theieto, with the further statement that we have the ability and
the desire to build and have the load completed in the. shortest possi-
ble space of time, and thus carry out our original intention, which
will give to our securities their natural and deserved fruition, and by

6 PRE8C0TT AND ARIZONA RAILWAY COMPANY.

which also the great and pressing needs of the people will be speedily
and folly sabserved by tho passage of the bill with the proper amend-
ments adopted as proposed.

I therefore ask the honorable Congress to meet the qnestions pre-
sented and act upon them as their merits demand, again affirming all
I have hitherto said with reference to the desire of the parties 1
reptresentto complete their line and extend the same to the city of
PhtBnix.

W. C. KiBBE,

' For and an behalf of the Prescott and Arizona Central

Railroad Company and of the People of Maricopa County,

51st Congress, I SENATE. i Mis. Doo.

1st Session, i \ No. 242.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

SXPTSMBBR25, t890.--OTdered to be printed.

Mr. iNOiXLS, from the Gommittee of Oonference, submitted the fol-
lowing

CONFERENCE REPORT:

The Oommittee of OoDference on the disagreeing votes of the two
Hoases on the amendment of the Hoase of JEtopresentatives to the bill
(S. 4), ^'Authorizing the establishing of a public park in the District of
Columbia," having met, after full and free conference have agreed to
recommend and do recommend to their respective Houses as follows :

That the Senate recede from its disagreement to the amendments of
the House of Bepresentatives, and agree to the same, with an amend*
ment in the nature of a substitute, as follows :

That a tract of land lying on both sides of Bock Greek, beginning at
KHngle Ford Bridge, and running northwardly, following the course of
said creek, of a width not less at any point than six hundred feet nor
more than twelve hundred feet, including the bed of the creek, of which
not less than two^huudred feet shall be on either side of said creek,
south of Broad Branch road and Blagden Mill road and of such greater
width north of said roads as the commissioners designated in this act
may select, shall be secured, as hereinafter set out, and be perpetually
dedicated and set apart as a public park or pleasure ground for the
benefit and enjoyment of the people of the United States, to be known
by the name of Bock Creek Park : Provided^ however^ That the whole
tract so to be selected and condemned under the provisions of this act
shall not exceed two thousand acres nor the total cost thereof exceed
the amount of money herein appropriated.

Sec. 2. That the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, the
Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia, and three citizens
to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, be, and they are hereby, created a commission to select
the land for said park, of the quantity and within the limits aforesaid,
and to have the same surveyed by the assistant to the said Engineer
Commissioner of the District of Columbia in charge of public highways,
which said assistant shall also act as executive ofQcer to the said com-
mission.

Sec. 3. That the said commission shall cause to be made an accurate
map of said Bock Creek Park, showing the location, quantity, and
character of each parcel of private property to be taken for such pur*
pose, with the names of the respective owners inscribed thereon, which
map shall be filed and recorded in the public records of the District of
Columbia, and from and after the date of filing said map the several
tracts and parcels of land embraced in said B^k Creek Park shall be
held as condemned for public uses, and the title thereof vested in the
United States, subject to the payment of ^\k^t cA>m^\^^<^\^ss^^\f^>i^^!^

2 PUBLIC PARK IN DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA.

termined by said commissioii, and approved by the President of the
United States : Provided^ That such compensation be accepted by the
owner or owners of the several parcels of land.

That if the said commission shall be unable by agreement with the
respectire owners to purchase all of the land so selected and condemned
witbin thirty days after such condemnation, at the price approved by
tlie President of the United States, it shall, at the expiration of such
l>eriod of thirty days, make application to the supreme court of the Dis-
trict of Columbia, by petition, at a general or special term, for an as-
sessment of the value of such land as it has been unable to purchase.

Said petition shall contain a particular dencription of the property
selected and condemned, with the name of the owner or owners thereoi^
if known, and their residences, as far as the same may be ascertained,
together with a copy of the recorded map of the park ; and the said
court is hereby authorized and required, upon such application, with-
out delay, to notify the owners and occupants of the land, if known, by
personal service, and if unknown, by service by publication, and to as-
certain and assess the value of the land so selected and condemned, by
appointing three competent and disinterested commissioners to appraise
the value or values thereof, and to return the appraisement to the court;
and when the value or values of such land are thus ascertained, and
the President of the United States shall decide the same to be reason-
able, said value or values shall be paid to the owner or owners, and the
United States shall be deemed to have a valid title to said land; 4ind ii
in any case the owner or owners of any portion of said land shall refuse
or neglect, after the* appraisement of the cash value of said lands and
improvements, to demand or receive the same from said court, upon
depositing the appraised value in said court to the credit of such owner
or owners, respectively, the fee-s'mple shall in like manner be vested
in the United States.

Sro. 4. That said court may direct the time and manner in which
possession of the property condemned shall be taken or delivered, and
may, if necessary, enforce any order or issue any process for giving
possession.

Seo. 5. That no delay in making an assessment of compensation, or
in taking possession, shall be occasioned by any doubt which may arise
as to the ownership of the property, or any part thereof, or as to the
interests of the respective owners. In such cases the court shall re-
quire a deposit of the money allowed as compensation for the whole
])roperty or the part in dispute. In all cases as soon as the said com-
mission shall have paid the compensation assessed, or secured its pay-
ment by a deposit of money under the order of the court, possession oi
the property may be taken. All proceedings hereunder shall be in the
name of the United States of America and managed by the commission.

Sec. 6. That the commission having ascertained the cost of the land,
including expenses, shall assess such proportion of such cost and ex-
I>enses upon the lands, lots, and blocks situated in the District of Oo-
Inmbia specially benefited by reason of the location and improvement
of said park, as nearly as may be, in proportion to the benefits result-
ing to such real estate.

If said commission shall find that the real estate in said District
directly benefited by reason of the location of the park is not benefited
to the full extent of the estimated cost and expenses, then they shall
assess each tract or parcel of land specially benefited to the extent oi
such benefits as they shall deem the said real estate specially benefited.
The com mission shall give at least ten days' notice, in one daily news paper

PUBUC PARK IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 8

published in the oity of WashiDgton, of the time and place of their meet-
ing for the parpoecTof making sach assessment and may adjonrn from
time to time till the same be completed. In making the assessment the
real estate benefited shall be assessed by the description as api>ears
of record in the District on the day of the first meeting: bnt no error
in description shall vitiate the assessment : Provided^ That the prem-
ises are described with substantial accuracy. The commission shall
estimate the value of the different parcels of real estate benefited as
aforesaid and the amount assessed against each tract or parcel, and
enter all in an assessment book. All persons interested may appear
and be^ heard. When the assessment shall be completed it shall be
signed by the commission, or a majority (which majority shall have
power always to act), and be filed in the office of the clerk of the supreme
court of the District of Columbia. The commission shall apply to the
court for a confirmation of said assessment, giving at least ten days'
notice of the time thereof by publication in one daily newspaper pub-
lished in the city of Washington, which notice shall state in general
terms the subj(>ct and the object of the application.

The said court shall have power, after said notice shall have been
duly given, to hear and determine all matters connected with said
assessment ; and may revise, correct, amend, and confirm said assess-
ment, in whole or in part, or order a new assessment, in whole or in
part, with or without further notice or on such notice as it shall pre-
scribe; but no order for a new assessment in part, or any partial
adverse action, shall hinder or delay confirmation of the residue, or col-
lection of the assessment thereon. Confirmation of any part of the
assessment shall make the same a lien on the real estate assessed.

The assessment, when confirmed, shall be divided into four equal
installments, and may be paid by any party interested in full or in one,
two, three, and four years, on or before which times all shall be paya-
ble, with six per centum annual inter^t on all deferred payments. All
payments shall be made to the Treasurer of the Uniti^d States, who
shall keep the account as a separate fund. The orders of the court
shall be conclusive evidence of the regularity of all previous proceed-
ings necessary to the validity th«*eof, and of all matters recited in said
orders. The clerk of said court shall keep a record of all proceedings
in regard to said assessment and confirmation. The commission shall
furnish the said clerk with a duplicate of its assessment book, and in
both shall be entered any change made or ordered by the court as to
any real estate. JSuch book fil^ with the clerk when completed aiid
certified shall be prima facie evidence of all facts recited therein. In
case assessments are not paid as aforesaid the book of assessments
certified by the clerk of the court shall be delivered to t^e officer
charged by law with the duty of collecting delinquent taxes in the
Distnct of Columbia, who shall proceed to collect the same as delin-
quent real estate taxes are collected. No sale iom ftny installment of
assessment shall discharge the real estate from any subsequent install-
ment: and proceedings for subsequent installments shall be as if no
defa&it had been made in prior ones.

All money so collected may be paid by the Treasurer on the order of
the commission to any persons entitled thereto as compensaition for Idnd
or services. Such order on the Treasurer shall be signed by a majority
of the commission and shall specify fully the purpose for which it is
drawn. If the proceeds of assessment exceed the cost of the park the
excess shall be used in its improvement, under the direction of the offi-
cers named in section eight, if such excess &li^VliiQ\> e^'xs^<^>^c^^s&Ki<:^si^»

4 PUBLIC PARK IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

of ten thousand dollars. If it shall exceed that amount that part above
ten thousand dollars shall be refunded ratably. Public officers perform-
ing any duty hereunder shall be allowed such fees and oompeDsation as
they would be entitled to in like cases of collecting taxes. The civilian
members of the commission shall be allowed ten dollars per day each
for each day of actual service. Deeds made to purchasers at sales for
delinquent assessments hereunder shall be prima facie evidence of the
right of the purchaser, and any one claiming under him, that the real
estate was subject to assessment and directly benefited, and that the
assessment was regularly made ; that the assessment was not paid ; that
due advertisement had been made; that the grantee in the deed was
the purchaser or assignee of the purchaser, and that the sale was con-
ducted legally.

Any judgment for the sale of any real estate for unpaid assessments
shall be conclusive evidence of its regularity and validity in all collat-
eral proceedings except when the assessment was actually paid, and
the judgment shall estop all persons from raising any objection thereto,
or to any sale or deed based thereon, which existed at the date of its
rendition, and could have been presented as a defense to the applica-
tion for such judgment

To pay the expenses of inquiry, survey, assessment, cost of lands
taken, and all other necessary expenses incidental thereto, t^e snm of
one million two hundred thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may
be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasniy
not otherwise appropriated : Provided, That one-half of said sum of one
million two hundred thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be
expended, shall be re-imbursed to the Treasury of the United States
out of the revenues of the District of Oolumbia, in four equal annual
installments, with interest at the rate of three per centum per annum
upon the deferred payments: And provided further^ That one-half of
the sum which shall be annually appropriated and expended for the
maintenance ^nd improvement of said Jands as a public park shall be
charged against and paid out of the revenues of the District of Colum-
bia, in the manner now provided by law in respect to other appropria-
tions for the District of Columbia, and the other half shall be appro-
priated out of the Treasury of the United States.

Seo. 7. That the public park authorized and established by this act
shall be under the joint control of the Commissioners of the District of
Columbia and the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, whose
duty it shall be. as soon as practicable, to lay out and prepare roadways
and bridle patns, to be used for driving and for horseback riding, re-
spectively, and footways for pedestrians; and whose duty it shall also
be to make and publish such regulations 9a they deem neceesaiy or
proper for the care and management of the same. Such regulations
shall provide for the preservation from injury or spoliation of aU timber,
animals, or curiosities within said park, and their retention in their nat-
ural condition, as nearly as possible.

John J. Ingalls,
Anthony Uiaams,
ISHAM O. Hasbis,
Managers on the part of the Senate*

Lotus E. ATKncsoN,

JNO. J. HSMPHHiL,

Managers on the part of ike Mouse.

5isT Congress,
1st Session.

SENATE.

i Mis. Doo.
( No. 243.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

kPBSL 15, 1890. — Referred to the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent £x«

jienses of the Senate.

Sbftembbr 30, 1890.-^Ordered to be printed.

Mr. Jones, of Nevada, reported the following
RESOLUTION:

To amend resolution authorizing an inyestigation into the status of negotiations
between the Government of the United States and the Cherokee tribe of Indians.

Besolvedy That the resolution of the Senate passed on the 26th day
of February, A. D. 1890, be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to
read:

<^ That the Select Oommittee on the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians
be, and it is hereby, authorized and empowered ta investigate the
status of the negotiations between the United States Government and
the Cherokee tribe of Indians in relation to the tract of country known
as the Cherokee outlet, with power to send for persons and papers, to
employ a stenographer, and to administer oaths, and that they have
leave to hold sessions of said select committee during the sessions,
and to visit by subcommittee the Indian Territory at the earliest day
practicable to continue said investigation, and as soon as may be report
to the Senate all necessaiy expenses incurred under Uie authorization
of this resolution, to be paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate."

51st Congress, \ SENATE. 4 Mis. Doo,

1st Session. J \ No. 244.

IS THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

October 1, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. HoAB submitted the following

PBTITION OF EZRA NAT. HILL FOR THE PASSAGE OF A NATIONAL

ELECTION LAW.

• ■"

To the honorable the Senate of the United States:

The andersigneci, a citizen of the United States, respectfully petitions
that your honorable body will take measures to pass at the earliest pos-
sible day a law providing for the conduct of elections of members of
the national House of Bepresentatives under national authorities.

Tour petitioner refers to the accompanying statements, marked A,
with the table connected with the same, which he has carefully pre-
pared, showing the actual vote in sixty-three Congressional districts of
the United States as returned. Said tables satisfy your petitioner, and
he conceives will satisfy the Senate, that the vote so returned does not
represent the true will of the people in said districts, and that to give
effect to the true will of the people it is necessary that the election
therein should be conducted under national authorities.

EZKA NAT. HILL.

The best possible evidence of the need of a national election law is
given by the following tables : Table No. 1 gives by States thirty-three
Congressional districts in the South ; the first column containing the
name of the States; the second, the number of the district; the third
and fourth, the white and colored population in 1880 ; the fifth, the
rate of increase in the States for eight years, as shown by the census of
1890 ; the sixth and seventh, the population, white and colored, in 1888;
the eighth, the name and politics of the Eepresentative elected in 1888 ;
the ninth and tenth, the Democratic and Republican votes {as counted)
in 1888 ; and the eleventh, the total vote.

In each of these districts the colored population exceeds the white,
and in all but three of them by 5,000 or over. In but three of these
districts were Kepublicans returned as elected to the Fifty-first Con-
gress. These were the Second North Carolina and the First and Sec-
ond Virginia. The population of these thirty-three districts in 1888
^as, white 2,458,085, colored 3,588,499, giving, on the usual basis of one
voter to five inhabitants, 1,209,251 voters, of whom 491,617 would be
white and 717,640 colored. The average number of voters in the dis-
tricts was 36,664, of whom 14,900 would be white and 21,744 colored.

The total vote as returned from these thirty -three districts was 697,425,
not more than one-half of the actual males over tiJoen,t\(-cm« "^tniT^ oj o^^^.

8. JVifl. 4 58

2 ISrATlONAL ELECTION LAW.

Thirty-three OoDgressional districts in New York, with about the same
popnlation of the thirty-three in the table, at the same election, in 188S,
polled 1,206,304 votes. The average vote polled in the New York dis-
tricts was 36,500, as against 21,137 in the Southern districts.

In seveji of the districts, including the three from which Bepublicans
were returned, the population was 580,034 white, 748,535 colored, a
total of 1,328,579, an average of 189,787 to the district, which shows,
at one to five, an average of 37,955 males of voting age. The vote in
these seven districts as returned was 214,042, or 30,578 as the average.
These districts, the Third Louisiana, the Tenth Tennessee, Third and
Fourth Virginia, from which Democrats were returned, and the Second
North Carolina and First and Second Virginia, from which Bepublicans
were elected, show a vote equal to six-sevenths of the vote in New
York. The twenty-six other Southern districts had a total vote of
483,383 votes, an average of 18,581, or slightly over one-half of the
average in New York.

Table No. 2 contains eleven districts, in which the whites are in a
small majority, bat where the Democrats control all the election
machinery. In these districts there are numbers of white Republicans,
enough with the colored vote, which is always Republican^ to make all
these districts Bepubliean, yet not one of the eleven was represented
by a Bepubliean when the Fifty-first Congress met.

In the last six districts in this table, that is, the First, Fourth, and
Sixth North Carolina, the Fifth and Tenth Virginia, and the Fifth
Maryland, the population is 657,245 white, 503,139 colored, a total of
1,160,384, with an average of 193,397. This at one to five would give
38,679 males of voting age to the district. The vote in these districts
in 1888 averaged 32,086, showing that the colored people in them, at
least, not only desired to but exercised the privilege of voting, which
Southern Democrats say is not the case elsewhere.

The Southern Democrats continually say that there are no white
Bepnblicans in the South except a few <^ irresponsible fellows, who stir
up the negroes to strife."

Seventeen Bepublicans were returned elected to the Fifty-first Con-
gress, three of them firom the ^< black district " in Table No. 1« Table
No. 3 gives the population, white and colored, of the other fourteen Be-
publiean districts.

The total vote in these fourteen districts was 433,720, the average
being 30,908 to the district. The Bepubliean candidates secured 240,106
votes, even by the Democratic count. As the entire colored population
of the fonrteen districts was in 1888 only 334,972, there conld not have
been more than 67,000 colored voters, leaving at .least 170,000 white
voting Bepublicans in these districts.

Leaving out two of them, the Second Louisiana and the Fifth North
Carolina, there would be only 200,000 colored as against 1,940,000
whites, and the Bepubliean vote in the twelve districts was 215,000 —
that is, 15,000 more than there were. colored inhabitants.

Table No. 4 more fully emphasizes this. The five districts in that
table are all Bepubliean. The population is, white, 918,407 ; colored,
56,028. The vote was, according to Democratic count, Bepubliean,
89,840; Democratic, 92,035.

The Democrats claim that while the colored men are Bepublicans,
they do not care to vote. Table 1 gives thirty-three districts in which
the colored men are in the majority ; in only six of the thirty-three was
there anything approaching an average vote. These were the Third
Louisiana, the Second North Carolina, the Tenth Tennessee, the First,
Second, Third, and Vouit\i NVx^xiVa^ .^^ ^i \k<^«fi^ districts but the

NATIONAL ELECTION LAW. 3

Second 2^orth Carolina oontain or are controlled by cities of consider-
able size, where intelligent white Bepnblicans foYce the Democrats to
I>emiit colored men to vote, and even in some instances succeed in
getting a fair count.

This last was not the case in the Tenth Tennessee, where it was a
Democratic necessity to secure the electoral vote of the State and a
majority in the legislature favorable to a particular Senatorial candi-
date, and the vote had to be manipulated accordingly. These districts
and the eleven given in Table ^o. 2 refute the claim that the colored
men do not desire to vote, whilst the figures in the other two tables
absolutely refute the Democratic claim that there are no white Repub-
licans in the South.

The tables also prove that of the one hundred and twenty-three Con-
gressional districts in the old slave States, stxty-three^ with fairly-
conducted elections, would send Eepublican Representatives to Congress,
and give to the Republican candidates the electoral votes of Virginia,
North aud South Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana, and Florida.

Interesting facts from the censtte reports and the election returns about sixty-three Con-
gressional districts in the Southern States, containing the population, white and colored, in
1880 and in 1888, as shoum hy Ihe average rate of increase in the last decade, with the vote
for Mepresentaiii^es in 1888.

No. 1.— THIRTY.THBEE SOUTHERN DISTRICTS WITH COLORED MAJORTTIBS.

Ala...

AU...

6a. ..

Ga....

G»....

Ga....

Ga ...

La....

Lb...

La...

La....

MlM..

MiM..
Md...
Md...
Md...
led . ..
N. C
S. G .
8> C • •
8.0...

D. C/. . .

&c...

S. C • .
S. C • . .
Tenn .
Va....
Va....
Va....
Va....

"8
E

l8t.-

2d ..
3d ..
4th .
2d..
3d ..
1th .
6th .
8th
10th.
3d .
4tfa .
5th .
6th.
2d..
3d ..
4th..
5th..
6th..
7th..
2d. .
1st..
2d..
3d..
4th.
5th .
6th .
7th »
10th
1st..
2d..
3d..
4th .

Population in
1880.

Total...
Average

60,167
63,609
71,690
32,834
70,591
63,777
75,040
54,380
64,261
59.330
S6,«56
63.113
52,062
70,874
78.266
2r>, 374
79,074
91,589
69,558
63,832
68,753

53.093
62.787
64,247
51,436
50,750

66,936
71,954
70.706
72,296
66,174

e
o
O

74,445

67, 461

87,419

136, 3'0

99,402

86,663

81,997

79,164

90, 16:

92,699

87,373

91, 672

117,816

93,536

91,300

104,475

105. 077

90,484

66.800

116.833

116, 041

92,452
68,780
101,961
69,866
78,090

86,292
72,716

101.827
73,651

100.664

26
26

26
26
18
18
18
18
18
18
16
16
16
16
16
15
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
16

13*

Population 1888.

76,209
79,611
89,612
49. 042
83,300
75. 277
88,658
64,180
76,826
70,070

100, 616
74,473
63,342
83,614
90, 0051
29, 179{
90,934

105 321 :
68,490,
73.406;
79, 730;

'3
O

61,590
72,927
74,525
59,664
65,830

77,107
85,650
84,139
86,032
66,847

2.458,085

•":

107, 244
79,894

121, 764
81,044
90,584

97.442
86,631

121, 174
87.645

119,700

3,588,199

RepresentatiTes returned.

03,056 RH. Clarke
84,526 H. A. Herhert.
109, 274. W.C. Gates.
169,137 L.W.Tarpln
117,110 H.G. Tamer.
102,263 C.F.Crisp,
96,670 T.W.Grimes
03,314 J.H.Bloant
106,368 H.H. Carlton
109,380 J. F. Barnes.
101,353 Andrew Price
106,342 N.G.Blanchard.
121,731 C.J.Boatner.
108,500 S.M.Robertson
105,098 J.B.Morean.
120,145 T.C.Catohing
120,837 C. Lewis.
144. 406 C. li. Anderson
76,820 T. G. Stockdale.
133,107 C.E.Hooker
134, 6(H) H. P. Cheatham, R

S. Dibble

G.D.Tillman

J.S.Cothran

W.H.Perry

J.J.Hemphill

G.W.Dar^an

William EUiott

James Phelan

Bayly Browne, R . .

G.£.Bowden,R ....

G.D.Wise

B.C.Venable

Vote in 1888.

11,694

14,041

18,347

18,778

11,000

0,254

9.798

10,902

7,408

6,677

18,761

16,302

21.275

12,078

13,078

11,624

12,855

16,265

10,580

11,077

16,051

8,640

10.704

8,768

11,410

0,569

8,586

8,358j

20. 140

14, 317

13,720

15,608

13,200

7,105
7,203
2,869
6,625

3.180

4,125

5,032

2.226

797

11, 405

063

1,161

4,314

5,817

4,614

2,396

3,991

3,461

3,887

16,764

1,296

1,405

327

7,003

11.730

14,731

10,821

16.347

12,367

o
H

617,625179,000 607.425

18,699
21,244
16,216
24,403
11,000
12,384
13,023
15,094
9,694
7,374
30,166
17,265
22,422
16,392
19. 795
16,238
15,251
20,259
14. 044
15,864
32,761
9.836
12,109
8,774
11,416
9,582
8.913
15,361
31,879
29.048
33,547
30, 955
25.666

\AV,^sk V«i^^OKV.

4 NATIONAL ELECTION LAW.

The population of the First and Seventh South Carolina diBtricts
can not be arrived at and divided as to race, as the district lines do not
follow the subdivisions on which the census is taken. The two districts
in 1880 had 102,792 white and 190,073 colored, and 114,099 white with
210,980 colored in 1888, the most of the whites being in the First
district, which includes the city of Charleston.

No. 2.— ELEVEN SOUTHSBN DISTRICTS WHERE THERE ARE SMALL WHITE MAJORI-
TIES.

Fla..
Fl» .

o»...

Ala..

Ml88.

N.C.

Va...

Md ..

Population
1880.

CI 9

Fopoiat

Ion 1868.

•

• be

a «

-3

Irt..

71.650

65,397

94,578

86,323

2d..

70,057

61,251

03,657

80,851

lat..

77,516

74.329

91,460

87.707

8th.

03.838

72,062

117 297

90,035

1st..

70,670

68,441

81,270

78,707

let..

83,488

68,878

96,844

79,896

4th .

90,230 74,419

115, 106

86,559

6th .

101, 755

81,260

118,035

94.261

5th .

98,200

48,632

116, 858

57, 752

10th.

96,829

61, 742

114, 631

73,472

5th.

86,242

73,209

95,771

81.399

RepresentatiTeA.

R.H.M. Davidson

R. Bullock

R.E. Lester

J. H. Bankhead . . .

J. M. Allen

T. G. Skinner

B H.Bmin

A.Rowland

P. 6. Lester

H. St^ 6. Tnoker . .
B.Compton

Votes.

10,824
20,012
11.786
16,621
11,353
16.615
19,926
20.502
14,417
14,587
16,000

9,717

16,817

6,116

7,849

1,732

15,457

17,358

14.797

13,044

13,994

15, 819!

29,644
36,820
16,852
21.370
13.085
32,072
37.284
35,299
27.461
28,681
31,819

The First Oeorgia contains the county of Chatham, which is 50 miles
long and has only one polling place, which is in the city of Savannah.
There were 27,000 negroes in 1880 to 17,000 whites, and this is the method
by which they are disfranchised.

The white emigration to Florida has been mostly from the North and
Sepublican. The State is largely Bepublican but the Democrats hold-
ing possession suppress the vote.

Birmingham is in the Sixth Alabama and large numbers of white
Bepublicans live there, but they are dominated by force. .

The First North Garolina was Bepublican for several terms, and the
Fourth in the Fiftieth Congress.

The Fifth and Tenth Virginia were both Bepublican in the Fiftieth
Congress.

NATIONAL ELECTION LAW. i

Ko. 8— FOURTESN SOUTHERK DISTBICTS SENDING REPUBLICANS TO THE EIFTY-

FIRST GONG^Sa

State.

ILy . . . .

JbLO . • • .

Mo....
Mo ....
JttO • . • •
N. C . . .
N.C...

T)BBD ..

Tenn ..
Tenn . .
Hd....
Md.. ..

lOth.
11th.
2d ..
8tb)
0th S
10th)
13th.
6th..
9th..

l8t..

2d...
8d...
4th..
6th..

Population
1880.

Whit«.

180,130

130,890

00,090

442.271

171,042
95^692
124,658
146,224
136.293
127,504
120,000
142,631

11,650
18,767
68.600

30.681

6,337
67, 188
16,060
16.145
16^805
^298
20.000
21,397

o ^

11
11
16

Population 1888.

White.

154.443
156,277
106.404

621.878

108,408
109,002
144,601
165,963
163,507
142,544
133,800
158,022

Colored.

12,980
20,8.')0
68k 080

36,086

6.296
66^837
18,620
17.189
10.073
26,307
22,300
23,857

RepTeeentfttlTO.

J. H. Wilson

H.F.Finle/

H.D. Coleman

SF. G. Niedringhaos
Nathan Frank
W.M.Elnaey

W.H.Wade

J.M.Brower

H.G.Ewart

A. A. Taylor

L.O.Houk

H.C. Evans

H. Stockbridge, Jr. .
L.E. MoComas.....

Tote 1888.

16,720
15,822
0,121
H210
13.762
18.080
16,480
16,940
16.433
10,495
23,368
18,641
10,078
10,066

16,247
14,006

8^047
12,304
11,312
16,806
18,801
16,265
14,016
12,324

0,844
18,863

18, or

17,442

30,067
29,828
17,168
26,604
25,074
36,876
20,781
31,305
80,348
31, 810
33,212
86,004

38, no

36.408

No. 4.~FIVE SOUTHERN DISTRICTS, ALL REPUBLICAN, WITH BUT FEW COLORED

VOTERS.

W.Va.
W.Va.
W.Va.
V7.Va.

0th..

158,055

16.712

182,125

18,068

1st..

170,324

2,650

204,080

3,180

2d ..

163,028

14,857

183,633

17,228

3d..

136,054

. 0,360

163,265

11,232

4Ui..

163,668

8,602

184,806

4^430

J. A. Buchanan
J. O. Pendleton
W.L. Wilson ..
J. D. Alderson .
J. M. Jackson . .

16,684
10.261
20,460
16.044
10,887

82,666
88,608
40.660
80,876
80.674

51ST Congress, \ SENATE. i Mis. Doc

1st Session. J t No. 245.

IN THE SENATE OP THE UNITED STATES.

October 1, 1890.— Ordered to be printed.

Mr. GocKBELL submitted tbe following

MEMORIAL OF THB NATIONAL CONVENTION OF THE REPRE-
SENTATIVES Ot THE COMBffERCIAL BODIES OF THE UNITED
STATES IN FAVOR OF THE PASSAGE OF THE TORRE7 BANK-
RUPT BILL.

OFFI0BB8 AND CHAIBMEN OF COMMITTEES

OF THE

National Convisntion of thb Represkntatives of Commercial Bodies of

THE United States.

OfU&n, OcmmiUtMi.

PrMidanti Jat L. TorbeT. St Loois. PrMidential. JamkA O. fttOADHlAD, St Louis.

TreMurer, Pbteb Nicholson, St Lonia. CongressioDal, Lows Embbson. CinoiniiAti.

Secretary. Jambs T. Wtman, Hhineapollfl. FinaDoe, William T. Bakbb^ Chicago.

Awiatant Seoretary, Fbakcis J. McMaster, St. Baokroptcy Literatnxe, Bbbbdloyb Smith, New
Loois. Orleans.

Sxecntive, WIluam E. Schwbppb, St Loois.
»

St. Louis, September 27, 1890.
Ta Congress :

Your memorialist, the national convention of the representatives of
commercial bodies of the United States, respectfully asks that you
will at an early day pass the Torrey bankrupt bill, because its enact-
ment and honest administration will benefit the whole people, and sub-
mit for your consideration statements in brief and at length as folllows :

(1) The constitution confers on honest insolvents a right to have a
bankrupt law enacted.

(2) Honest insolvents will be discharged ; dishonest insolvents will
be punished.

(3) A conservative tone will be given to transactions between debtors
and creditors.

(4) Commercial credit will be extended and the prices of commodi-
ties reduced.

(6) The giving and receiving of preferences will be prevented.

(6) Fraud will be prohibited, and such persons as commit wrongs will
be punished.

(7) Dishonest and insolvent debtors will be required to make a com-
plete showing and a full surrender of their property.

(8) Creditors having claims of equal merits against bankrupt estates
will receive pro rata dividends.

2 THE TORBEY BANKRUPT BILL.

(9) The coercion of debtors by their large creditors, and of large by
little creditors will be prevented.

(10) Voluntary and involuntary bankruptcy are necessary in the best
interests of debtors and creditors.

(11) The estates of insolvents and dishonest persons will be qaickly,
economically, and equitably divided, without '^ fear, favor, or affection."

( 12) The New Testament was revised. The present bill is an improve-
ment on all former bankrupt laws.

(13) The rights of creditors and debtors as provided by tlie bill are
an addition to those now enjoyed.

(14) The bill is a wise measure, both because of what It does and does
not contain.

(15) The per centum of failures to those engaged in business was
greater in 1889 than in 1879.

(16) A continuation of the prosperous condition of the country will
be guaranteed.

THE CONSTITUTION CONFERS ON HONEST INSOLVENTS THE RIGHT

TO HAVE A BANKRUPT LAW ENACTED.

The provisions of the Constitution, pursuant to which Congress alone
has aright to enact a bankrupt bill, is as follows :

The Congress shall have power to establish * * « uniform li^ws .on the subject
of bankrnptcies tbroughoat the United States.

Honest insolvents have a constitutional right to demand that Con-
gress shall exercise this power for their benefit.

Senator Henry Clay, in addressing the Senate in 1840 upon the sub-
ject of the then pending bankruptcy bill, spoke in reference to the
rights of the honest poor man involved in debt as follows:

Mr. President : Power and duty are often synonymous. The possession of the
ezclnsive power to pass laws on the subject of bankruptcies by the Qeneral Govem-
ipent draws after it a high and responsil>le obligation and duty to the States, to the
Union, and to the people, the performance of which that Government is not at liberty
to elude or neglect.

The Declaration of American Independence, which announced our existence as a
nation, solemnly proclaims, as a self-evident truth, that the risht of any indiridnal
person to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happinesb, is inaliendbQ, Does the wretched
1)ankrupt, sunk down and overwhelmed by x^erhaps unmerited misfortune, against
which no human foresight or prudence could guard, enjoy the benefit of this maxim t
He is not, indeed, deprived of life ; but he drags out a miserable and lingering exist-
ence, without one cheering hope. The humanity of progressive civilization baa ex-
empted his person from incarceration in the dark cells of a public jail; but the
liberty which is granted to him enables him only to see more distinetly, in the light
of heaven, and intensely to feel, the misery of his condition. Stripped of all motives
to human exertion, with the incubus of an immovable mass of deot upon him, snr-
rounded by a family sharing without being able to alleviate his sorrows and suffer-
ings, he is mocked by the privilege of the pursuit of happiness, pronounced t-o be in-
alienable in the most memorable declaration*of human rights that was ever promnl-
gated to the world. Let us, sir, make that guaranty substantial, practical, available,
y fulfilling the duty imposed uponusinthepower delegated in Ihe Constitution to
pass this law.

It does not seem possible that there can be two views as to the duty
of Cougress to enact a bankrupt law. If there are, the better view is
that the duty to do so is plain and that it ought aocordingly to be per-
formed without delay.

THE TOREEY BANKHUPT BILL. 3

HONEST INSOLVENTS WILL BE DISCHARGED; DISHONEST INSOLVENTS

WILL BE PUNISHED.

The bill makes ample provision for the discharge of hoTiest insolv-
ents from the amoant of their debts over and above the amount paid
in dividends &om their estates^ except sach as are contracted in a fidu-
ciary capacity.

A petition for a discharge must be filed after the expiration of two
and within the next four months subsequent to the adjudication. If
the petitioner can show to the satisfaction of the judge tha^ he was
unable to file his petition within that time he may file it within the
next six months, but a petition can not be filed after the expiration of
the first twelve months after the adjudication.

All of the creditors will be notified of the application for a discharge
and will have an opportunity to appear in court and oppose it.

Discharges which have been fraudulently obtained may be revoked
within two years after being granted.

Dishonest insolvents who have committed forbidden acts, upon con-
viction, will be punished by imprisonment not to exceed three years.

There are now no fetleral laws in force for the punishment of dishon-
esty perpetrated by the citizens of one State as against the citizens of
aiM)ther. There are in most of the States provisions calculated to pre-
vent certain kinds of dishonesty, but they are notoriously inadequate,
and such attempts as have been made for their enforcement have proven
so ineffectual that they are for commercial purposes at least practically
a dead letter.

The penalties provided by this bill for a6ts of dishonesty will, of
course, be enforced in the courts having jurisdiction within the State
where the offenses were committed.

These provisions of the bill will exercise a preventive effect upon the
commission of wrongs, the value of which in a commercial sense can not
be overestimated.

It is the duty of every man to amply provide for the necessities of
himself and those dependent upon him. The laws of the several States
do not protect him in the performance of his duty in this regard. He
is therefore not infrequently led into the making of fraudulent trans-
fers and of secreting property If the bill in question were enacted
his rights would be so clearly defined and the exercise of them so
plainly provided for that there would not be in the first place occasion
for such acts, and in the second place if he were inclined to do more
than his duty he would be prevented by the restraining influence of the
penalty provisions of the bill.

It is therefore submitted that the bill ought to be enacted to secure
to honest insolvents their rights and do away with the incentive for
wrong-doing, and to deter persons who are inclined to do wrong from
so doing.

A OONSEEVATIVB TONE WILL BE GIVEN TO TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN

DEBTORS AND OBEDITOBS.

Under existing State laws the creditor's rights are governed by forty-
^wo difierent codes. Whenever a debtor havinj^ property in different
States, fails, it is administered in different ways as provided under the
laws of the State where it is situated. The variance of these laws, and
the difi&cult questions that arise under them, are productive of great
expense, which in the end is of course borne out of the debtor's prop-

4 TH£ TORRET BANKRUPT BILL.

erty. The nncertainty as to what tbe creditor's rights are of course
renders him uneasy and necessitates that he should at all times be on
the alert to preveutjiotonly the loss of the amount due from the debtor
by reason of the tatter's wrongdoing, but because the estate of the
common debtor may be seized by some other creditor who will collect
dollar for dollar and leave nothing for him. It is not an ancommpn
spectacle for a solvent debtor, who has become pressed without his own
fault, to have his property disposed of at sacrifice sales in the struggle
between his creditors, and he left with a great burden of indebtedness.

There ought to be, but is not, an opportunity for an honest man
who has become involved without his own fault to fully and frankly
disclose his condition to his creditors and leave it to them to say
whether he shall pay a per centum upon his indebtedness, be forgiven
the balance, and proceed with his business, or whether the estate shall
be wound up and divided pro rata. If he attempted to do so in the
present condition of the laws, his property would be at once attached
by the more enterprising of his creditors. As soon as they thereby
secured a lien for the amount of their indebtedness a compromise would
be of course impossible. If, as the first step to the making of a com-
promise, there is a receiver appointed, or an assignment is made, it then
becomes the small creditor who objects to anything like a compromise
unless his claim is paid in full. Upon the passage of this law the tak-
ing of such an advantage will be prevented, and as a result the involv(:d
debtor can have a meeting of his creditors, with full assurance that if
proceedings are instituted he can prevent an advantage being obtained
by one creditor over another by going into bankruptcy and securing his
own and the rights of all the creditors.

It follows therefore that a conservative tone will be given to dealings
between debtors and creditors to their mutual benefit.

COMMERCIAL CREDIT WILL BE EXTENDED AND THE PBIOB OF COM-
MODITIES REDUCED.

The improvement or perfection of the law for the enforcement of fair
dealing between man and man always increases commercial credit be-
tween strangers. In the present complex relations of trade it is im-
possible for any dealer to know any considerable number of his custom-
ers. In turn it is practically impossible for even the smallest trader to
know any considerable number of the people personally from whom he
purchases his wares. It necessarily follows that the enactment of a law
designed to enforce rules of equity in the dealings between these
strangers in trade, begets in each of them confidence. The one will
therefore be enabled to sell and the other to purchase upon a broader
scale than heretofore, and just in proportion as the volume of trade in-
creases the per centum added for profit will be reduced, and as a result
the consumer of commodities can purchase them at a lower price.

The honest consumers is after all, the one most interested in securing
the desired legislation. He it is who bears the burden of increased
profits incident to prevailing dishonesty. The manufacturer and the
wholesaler who ofi^'ers his wares in a State where the laws are notori-
ously inadequate for their protection, must, in pursuance of the first
law of nature, that is, self-preservation, add to the original profit nn
amount as security, or insurance if you please, against loss in that
State. When the losses come he has collected the money in advance
with which to pay them, and comes off therefore practically unharmed.
•The retail dealer does not pay the added profits or insurance, because

THE TORREY BANKRUPT BILL. 6

he in torn adds the additional amoaot paid to the amount charged to
the castomer, so that the amount is really paid Uy the honest solvent
consumer. It therefore follows that the honest man is interested* in
proportion to the commodities consumed in enforcing honest dealing
upon his neighbors, and upon the jobbers and manufacturer. The en-
actment of this law will readily enable him to do so to an extent that
he has not heretofore been able to do on account of the notorious inad-
equacy of the State laws.

It is therefore respectfully submitted that the bill ought to be passed
to the end that commerce may be increased between strangers in trade,
and that the honest consumer may purchase needed commodities at t^he
cost of production with a living profit added, instead of with the com-
bined profit added as an insurance against dishonesty.

THE Giyma and REOEiyiNa of preferences will be prevented.

The fact that under most of the State laws preferences may be given
famishes the creditors with the right to demand them and enables the
strong creditor to coerce the weak debtor into giving them, which amounts
to the paying of the debt of one creditor and not paying the debt of
another who has equal equities to be paid. If preferences were forbid-
den the creditor would not have a right to demand their giving, and
as a result the terror of the demand would be entirely removed so far
as the retailer is concerned.

It is not an infrequent practice among houses, and particularly among
those situated in different States which sell goods in a common terri-
tory to unload their weak customers on other houses and when they
have secured a stock of goods secare a preference and thereby collect
dollar for dollar of their indebtedness. For example, a house in A has a
customer in X who has fallen behind, and could not upon enforced liqui-
dation pay 50 cents on the dollar. The customer goes to the house in
B to purchase goods and gives as a reference the house with whom he
formerly dealt. In reply to the letter of inquiry the bouse in A says
that the cnstomer formerly dealt with it and is considered honest and
industrious. The new customer is thereupon given a line of credit.
When the stock has been replenished the creditor who does business at
A takes a bill of sale at an estimated valuation of the property and
cancels its indebtedness. If the customer is able to secure a compro-
mise at a small figure the A house considerately furnishes the cash,
and then appoints the castomer manager of the business, sells the
goods at their real value, and as a result has realized enough to re-im-
burse it for the original amount and for the advance made to compro-
mise with the B creditor, who, in fact, furnished the merchandise to
make good the losses of the A house in previous years. It is an un-
fortunate fact that this effect is reached in various forms all over the
country from day to day.

Is swindling as above outlined rightf Ought it to be tolerated?
Ought there not to be a law to prevent wrongs of this nature and enable
the creditor to collect and the debtor to pay a pro rata of his indebted-
ness to all of his creditors in the event he can not pay Uie whole
amount? If so, this bill ought to be enacted.

6 THE TOBREY BANKRUPy. BILI*-

FRAUD WILL BE PROHIBITED, AND SUCH PERSONS AS COMMIT WBONGS

WILL BE PUNISHED.

The pending bill contains very carefully drafted seotions which for-
bid, nnder severe penalties, the perpetration of frand. The State laws
upon these subjects are practically lor commercial puri)oses dead letters.
The acts forbidden in these sections are for the most part perpetrated
from day to day the year around, and yet when it' is proposed to enact
a bankrupt law of which these sections are a conspicuous part, tbere
are two classes who ^bont no! The one class is made up of cdminal
lawyers who have battled against laws to prevent and punish crime
until it has become second nature with them to rail againsft crimioal
laws as '^ a curtailment of the liberties of the people." It is confi-
dently anticipated that this t)ill will effectually curtail the liberties
of those persons who commit fraud. The other class is made up of
thoughtless persons, who during the existence of a bankrupt law, at-
tribute the commission of fraud and wrong-doing to the fact of there
being such a law in force, instead of to the immorality of the perpelxa-
tors.

The situation is fairly outlined by questions and answers as follows :

Q. Is fraud and crime perpetrated nowadays f — A. It is.

Q. Has it been every day since the repeal of the old lawf — A. It
has.

Q. Will it be after the enactment of this billt^A, It will be, in spkB
of the pains and penalties prescribed, but will be greatly reduced be-
cause the bill has been very carefully framed with that end in view.

Q. Who will be materially injured by the passage of these sections
to prevent and punish fraud and corruption ? — A. Thieves.

Q. Who will be materially benefited by their passage and enforce-
ment t — ^A. The dependents of would-be thieves, who suffer more than
the thieves do during the infliction of punishment ; the honest consumer
who has to pay in multiplied profits for the amounts stolen by thieves ;
the honest trader who has to meet the competition of fellow-traders
who are thieves, and the honest members of society at large who are
directly and indirectly injured and outraged by the wrongs perpetrated
by thieves.

The class that will be injured by the passage of the penalty provis-
ions is not entitled to the consideration of Congress ; the class that
will be benefited is, and we therefore ask that the bill be passed.

DISHONEST AND INSOLVENT DEBTORS WILL BE REQUIRED TO MAKE
A COMPLETE SHOWING AND A FULL SURRENDER OP THEIR PROP-
ERTY.

Dishonest men are of course dishonest in their statements, unsup-
ported by oath, made to their creditors. Insolvent debtors are usually
at least deceitful upon the same subject. To guard against imposi-
tions upon creditors the bill has provided that the bankrupt must file
a schedule of assets and list of creditors under oath, and bas made pro-
visions that in the event facts are willfully misstated the bankrupt shidi
be punished.

In addition to the filing of the schedule and list as above the bank-
rupt must submit to an examination at a meeting of his creditors or in
open court. Other persons who are competent witnesses may also be
examined touching their knowledge in open court or before a desig-
nated officer upon the order of court.

THE TOBBEY BANKBUPT BILL. 7

The title of the bankrapt to his property vestn in the trustee npon his
appointment by the creditors as of the date of the filing of the petition.
Tbe title of the bankrupt to all the property which has l»een fraadalently
transferrM ve^ts in the trustee. All conveyances which have been
made by the bankrupt in fraud of his creditors may be set aside upon
proceedings instituted by the trustee. Property which has been trans*
ferred as a preference, or its value may be recovered by the txustee for
the benefit of the creditors. •

Under existing laws the bankrupt is not required to make an adequate
showing, nor is there a general belief that a full surrender is made, in
a large number of failures.

It is respectfully submitted that under the provisipns of this bill the
showing will be complete, and that thefe will be a full sun^euder of
property.

OBEDITOBS HAVINO CLAIMS OF EQUAL MERIT AGAINST BANKBUPT
ESTATES WILL BECEIVE PRO RATA DIVIDENDS.

Persons holding claims of the same class against the estates of de-
ceased persons the world over receive a pro rata dividend upon proof of
their claims. Courts of equity have from time immemorial directed
trustees of funds against which thece were claims of equal merit to pay
them pro rata. There are adjudicated cases in which the directors of
insolvent corporations have been held to be trustees of their estate for
all of the creditor's pro rata. Why should not these rules be applied to
the every-day mercantile transactions when a mercantile death occurs!

This bill provides for the payment of dividends pro rata to creditors
of the same class ; its enactment would inerease confidence between
members of the mercantile world, enlarge credits, prevent men in
straitened circumstances from* having their bnsiness destroyed by a
contest between creditors for enforced preferences, and in all respects
redound to the general good.

It is therefore respectfully submitted that the bill ought to be passed
because it will enable creditors having claims of equal merit to receive
pro rata dividends.

THE COERCION OP DEBTORS BY THEIR LARGE CREDITORS, AND OP
LARGE BY LITTLE CREDITORS, WILL BE PREVENTED.

It will not' be denied by any well-informed person that debtors under
the present law are frequently coerced by their large creditors into the
giving of preferences, the making of fraudulent bills of sale and sham
conveyances, to the detriment of at least their other creditors. This
result is possible only because the debtors have no adequate remedy
against compulsory process on the part of their large creditors, and
must therefore yield to their importunities to do wrong.

There is a species of coercion in addition to that above named on the
part of little as against large creditors. In the event ofa failure the
creditor who has a claim for but a small amount can, and not infre-
quently says to the larger creditors that their claims are for sale, and
that they will not consent to any terms of compromise, but insist upon
payment dollar for dollar. Under the provisions of the present laws
there are no adequate means for preventing this kind of coercion. It
is useless to argue with the small creditor, as he has but a petty money
interest and proposes to inflict a large loss upon the less fortunate cred-

8 THE TOKBEY BANKRUPT BILL.

itors who hate claims for larger anioants, or collect the whole amount
due to him.

To enact the present bill will be to strike a death- blow to both of the
above classes of coercion. They are both pernicioas, ought not to ex-
ist, and the sooner they are ended the better for the mercantile world

VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY BANKRUPTCY ABE NfiCBSSARTY IS
THE BEST INTERESTS OF DEBTORS AND CREDITORS.

Debtors are vitally interested in the enactment of the involantarj
features of the bill. If the involuntary provisions were atricken oat
and the voluntary provisions were enacted the result would be that
most of the debtors in the whole country would be forced into liquida-
tion. Such an enactment would practically impair the general credit of
all peisons, as it would give to every debtor an opportunity to deliber-
ately put his assets out of his hands, go through bankruptcy, swindle his
creditors, and '< renew business at the old stand." Honest men do not
want any such opportunity ; dishonest men ought not to have it. All
of the scandals that arose under the old law were under the voluntary
features of it. It is not possible to prevent the voluntary law from
being occasionally taken advantage of by unscrupulous i>er8on8 even
when the involuntary law is also in force. It would be infinitely worse
if the involuntary features were omitted, as the rascal could then de-
liberately prepare for his fraudulent mercantile death without the pos-
sible interference of his creditor.

The relationship of debtor and creditor is mutual and reciprocal ; it
is voluntarily entered into by both parties. It is impossible to force a
man to become either a debtor or a creditor. Each transaction creates
members of each class. The claim of the creditor is exactly equal in
amount to the debt owed by the debtor ; the result is, that the aggre-
gate amount due to creditors is exactly equal to the amounts due by
debtors. Should a law be enacted which would favor the membcsrs of
one of these classes to the detriment of the other f Most assuredly not

The man of affairs belongs to both classes ; ought he in his capacity
as a debtor to have rights without having at the same time reciprocal
rights in his capacity as a creditor! No.

There never has been in existence a voluntary bankrupt law. Hun
di*eds of commercial bodies in all parts of the country hsive passed reso-
lutions in favor of this law, but not one such organization has asked
for a voluntary system of bankruptcy. Great numbers of citizens have
petitioned for the enactment of this bill, but none of them have ever
expressed a wish for simply a voluntary law. Many persons have pro-
tested against the passage of any law at this time, and some of the same
X>ersons have withdrawn their protest and petitioned for the early pas-
sage of the bill ; but the wish has always been for both the voluntary
and involuntary systems or for none at all.

The men of this country are fair-minded. They are willing to give
and to take by the same rule. They do not want a one-sided law ; they
either want a two-sided one or none at all.

It is therefore respectfully submitted that the interests aifd petitions
of all classes demand the enactment of both the voluntary and involun-
tary systems of bankruptcy.

THE TORBEY BAKKBUPT BILL. 9

ESTATES OF DISHONEST AND INSOLVENT PERSONS WILL BE QXHCKLY,
SOONOMIOALLY, AND EQUITABLY DIVIDED, WITHOUT "PEAR, PAVOE,
OB AFFECTION."

Every basiness man is interested in knowing the valae of his claims
against estates and in realizing the amount as soon as possible. His
prosperity depends upon his capital available, and it is therefore injnri-
oos to his basiness to have it tied up in endless litigation or in claims
against estates which are not promptly administer^.

The bill under consideration provides for a prompt return of prociess
issued in bankruptcy proceedings, in a projnpt hearing, and the early
determination of all of the rights of the parties inlerested in the con-
troversy. If a composition is desired, the question can be determined
without delay. If administration is necessary, the powers of the court
are ample to require prompt action. Every officer is interested in a
financial way in closing up the estate and distributing the proceeds in
dividends as soon as possible; that is, the clerk receives his compensa-
tion in advance, and will therefore desire to be relieved from the ren-
dition of any services in the case as soon as possible. The referee will
receive a $10 fee per case as soon as it is concluded and the records are
returned to court, and will therefore seek to reach the end as soon as
possible. The trustee is the representative of the creditors, and tiie
person appointed by them to protect their interests. He is paid only a
commission, which is computed upon the dividends actuaUy paid to the
creditors. He therefore is interested in having the dividends as large
and payable as early as possible and the expenses as small as is con-
sistent with the proper administration of the estate. The creditors are,
of course, the beneficiaries in the speed and economy in the settlement
of the affairs of the debtor. The restrictions imposed ux)on these offi-
cers will prevent them from yielding in any respect to " fear, favor, or
affection."

The law as petitioned for, if enacted and enforced, will be of great aid
to commerce, because the administration of bankrupt estates will be
speedily obtained at small cost.

THE NEW TESTAMENT WAS BEVISED. — THE PRESENT BILL IS AN IM-
PROVEMENT ON ALL FORMER BANKRUPTCY LAWS.

The opponents to the proposed legislation, who give as their sole
reason for opposition the fact that the three bankrupt laws heretofore
in force in the United States have been repealed, should not forget
that the New Testament was advantageously revised. It should also
be remembered that there have been amendments to the Constitution
of the United States.

All of the constitutions of the several States, except the new ones,
and all of their statutory law, and all of the statutory law of the United
States have been from time to time amended and revised. It is there-
fore not surprising that there should have been amendments to the
bankrupt law of this country. The public-spirited citizens who are con-
ducting this agitation are not of that class of theoretical dreamers who
believe that the law they advocate is of necessity perfect, but they do
know that it has been drafted in the presence of all of the precedents
in the world and that it is an honest endeavor in the right direction.
At the beginning of the movement ten thousand copies of the bill were
printed and distributed, and criticism invited. Many valuable ones were
received, and such wisdom as they contained has been embodied in the

■^i*i

10 THE TORRE Y BANKRUPT BILL.

bill. The author of the bill has said from the begiDDing of the agitation,
and still says, that the wisdom of auy criticism which can DOt be an-
swered will be embodied in the bill.

There never has been and is not now any end to be accomplished by
the movement other than the enactment of a wise and perfectly fair law.
There has not been in the whole course of the movement auy covert
acts, nor the securing of results by indirection, nor doe« the bill con-
tain a single section in which there is a covert or double meaning. In
other words, the agitation is not prompted from a selfish stand-point,
but wholly in the interests of all the people.

There is a certain class of theorists who frankly admit that bank-
rupt laws are necessary, say once in a decade, or after some great public
panic or calamity, to enable the wrecks to be cleared away. It is re-
spectfully submitted that if the law is necessary to clear away a great
accumulation of wrecks, that for the same reason it is necessary to clear
away the individual wreck. That is to say, the aggregate number of
wrecks are after all but an accumulation of single ones, and since the
law operates not upon the group together, but upon the individual
singly, it is quite as important to the individual that has suffered a
wreck at any time to have an opportunity to make a fresh start as it
would be if he had been wrecked at the time a large number of others
were wrecked.

It is therefore submitted that an approximate perfection can only be
attained by repeated trials, and that the only way to secure a perma-
nent and desirable bankrupt law is to enact one and thereafter amend
it from time to time as occasion may require.

THE BIGHTS OF CREDITORS AND DEBTORS AS PROVIDED BY THE BILL

ABE IN ADDITION TO THOSE NOW ENJOYED.

It is not proposed to take away from the creditor a right to institute
any proceeding which he is now entitled to institute against his debtor,
nor is it proposed to deprive any defendant from making his defense as
against any proceeding which may be instituted by the enactment of
the proposed legislation.

Under the last law certain claims could not be proved as against a
bankrupt estate. The effect of this provision was that men were not
infrequently thrown into bankruptcy lor the purpose of enabling cred-
itors of a certain class to divide as between themselves the entire es-
tate, while creditors of other classes were not permitted to share in the
dividends. But under the present *law, all claims of every kind and
description which constitute a legal liability may be proven as against
the esVate. If they are unliquidated claims they must be liquidated as
directed by the court before they can be proved, but in the end there
is no distinction.

The creditor of to-day, irrespective of the kind of claim or the amount
involved, may institute proceedings as against a debtor without let or
hindrance. Proceedings in bankruptcy as proposed can not be insti-
tuted by a less number than three persons if the creditors are more
than twelve in number, who together have aggregate claims in excess
of securities held of $500 or over. If the creditors are twelve or less in
number, one person, wl o holds a claim of the same amount or over in
excess of securities held, may institute proceedings. The purpose, of
course, of these restrictions is to prevent so far as possible the improvi-
dent institution of proceedings. It certainly is a safeguard in behalf
of the debtor, and is a complete answer to the argument of the oppo-

THE TORREY BANKRUPT BILL. 11

nents of the law that it is possible for the rich and powerful to oppress
the weak. The institution of a suit against a debtor for a petty amount
is frequently of great detriment to him, and in a large per centum of
cases precipitates litigation which results in the financial destruction
of the business of the defendant. In many of the courts of the country
a prompt trial can not be had, and as a result, suits, the very existence
of which is a great injury to the defendants, can not be brought to
trial for a long x>eriod of time.

According to the terms of this bill, process will be returnable in flf- «
teen days. The answer can be filed within five days thereafter, and in
ordinary course the issues will be made up and the defendant entitled
to a trial as to the cause of bankruptcy, alleged at the expiration of
the twenty daysr The defendant is entitled to a trial byjury, asof •
course upon application, and in all respects will have an opportunity
to be heard in his defense with like force and effect as in other cases.

During the pendency of proceedings the defendant's property will
not be disturbed nor taken charge of unless it shall be shown to the
court that there is necessity therefor in behalf of the best interests of
the creditors, and unless a bond shall be given' to indemnify the de-
fendant in the event the action is not sustained. And even after the giv-
ing of such bond, the defendant may, if he desires, give a counter-bond
conditioned for the production of the property or its value in the event
of adjudication.

Creditors might complain of the proposed legislation if it deprived
them of their rights or cut them oftVin their remedies, and debtors
might resent its i)assage if they were thereby placed at an arbitrary
disadvantage as against their creditors; but since both of them are to
be benefited they are both necessarily interested in the early passage of
the bill.

THE BILL IS A WISE MEASURE, BOTH BECAUSE OF WHAT IT DOES

AND DOES NOT CONTAIN.

The language used in the bill is plain and concise. It can be readily
understood by persons of the most rudimentary scholastic attainments.
The provisions are analytically arranged. Each subject is embraced
within a chapter, and each idea is placed in a section to itself and given
a serial number, and a catch word or title. There is no duplication of
statements of what the law is on a given subject. It is fully and clearly
stated in a section to itself, and will not be found restated anywhere
else in the measure.

The most conspicuous precedents for the authors of our former laws
upon the subject were the English acts. Those acts were not safe
precedents because of the difference between the form of government
in England and the United States. All subjects are legislated upon by
one tribunal in that country, and, as a result, all of the statute law
might be consolidated under the heading of bankruptcy and no harm
would result; but, in this country, where State legislatures have
sole power to legislate upon certain subjects, and a national legislature
in turn has certain exclusive powers, such a consolidation is impossible.
It therefore follows that our law upon the subject must be confined to
certain limits.

The trouble with all of our preceding laws has been that they were
too comprehensive; they embodied subjects not proper to be legislated
upon by Congress. They interfered with satisfactory State legislative
enactments and wise judicial decisions of the State judiciary, and in

8. Jnis. 4 59

12 THE TORRE V BANKRUPT BILL.

those respects were burttul, and the whole of the measares were there-
fore repealed instead of being (jircnmscribed.

The rules of proceedure iii bankruptcy cases ought to be the same a^
in others, with perhaps thesi'.'gle exception of requiring greater expe-
diency. Under the law of 1879 appeals were specially provided for,
and in addition thereto there was a supervisory control of the circuit
over the district court. The result was great annoyance to the bar,
enormous expense to litigants, and consequent dissatisfaction with the
law.

State laws, which arc in efltect bankrupt laws, will of course be su|)€r-
seded by such law as Congress may enact pursuant to the sole power
reserved to it by the Constitution ; but State laws, which are not in the
strictest sense bankrupt laws, must not be interfered with.

A bankrupt law, in order to be a permanent one, mast be susceptible
of being inlaid, if you jdease, with existing laws upon kindred and other
sul)jects. If it is nut, it* it is lapped over and embraces subjects already
properly x)rovided for by the State laws and decisions there will be en-
gendered an agitatio^ that will eventually secure its repeal.

A reading of the present bill will disclose the fact that it embraces
fewer subjects than former ones, and is still comprehensive of the sub-
ject.

The bill may therefore fairly be considered meritorious because of
what it does as well as what it does not contain.

THE PER CENTUM OF FAILURES TO THOSE ENGAGED IN BUSINESS WAS

GREATER IN 1889 THAN IN 1»79.

The necessity for a stable and equitable law, especially in the West
and South, is shown by the increased numbers of commercial failures
in the last eleven years, L e., since the repeal of the old law. The
statistics show that the per centum of failures has greatly increased,
and the conclusion is irresistible that it is due largely to the fact that
under existing laws the rights of those who are in debt ai-e not prop-
erly guarded ; that an opportunity for and the practice of fraudulent
preferences and kindred wrongs are not alter all in the best interest of
a healthy commerce.

In Alabama in 1879 there were 24 failures; the number engaged in
trade was 5,483 ; the per centum of failures was therefore .44. In 1889
the number of failures had increased to 134 and the number engaged in
business to 9,886. The per centum was 1.35.

In Arkansas the number engaged in mercantile pursnits has more
than doubled in the last eleven years. The per centum of failures has
increased from 1.10 m 1879 to 1.82 in 1889.

In Colorado the number of business enterprises has increased in the
eleven years from 3,572 to 11,580. The number of mercantile deaths in
the same time has increased from 47 to 165. The per centum was, there-
fore, in 1879, 1.31, and in 1889, 1.42.

In Dakota (North and South) the increase in per centnms has been
from .69 to 1.25 in the same period.

The per centum in Florida was 1 in 1879; the next year it fell to
.60 ; the year afterwards it was .61, and in 1889 it had increased to 1.03.

Georgia's showing in 1879 was the same exactly as Florida's ; that is,
1. The next year it fell to .79, but in 1888 it had increased to 1.09,
having in 1885 and 1886 reached 2.04.

In Illinois the per centum in 1879 was .54; 1880, .25, and in 1881, .26.

THE TORRE Y BANKRUPT BILL 13

The figures reached in 1884 was 1.37. For the two years just passed the
per centum has been .95.

In ludiaua the traders increased from 27,285 in 1879 to 40.164 eleven
years after. The per centum of failures has, however, increased in the
same time from .45 to .53. During the whole time the per centum did
not for any one year equal 1.

Iowa shows an increase of from .65 to .96.

Kansas has run from .58 to 1.17 in the same period. The total lia-
bilities in 1889 of those who failed reached $2,629,209, or almost twice
as much as for any preceding year within the eleven.

Kentucky makes a showing of an increase in traders from 17,542 in
1879 to 22,706 in 1889, while the number of failures has run from 138
to 223, the per centum being from .79 to .98.

Louisiana's mercantile death-rate was 1.14 in 1879, the year after-
wards it fell to .64, but in 1889 had reached 1.49.

Maryland has gone from .66 to .70 in the same period.

Minnesota has varied from 1.27 in 1879 and .73 in 1880 to 1.20 in
18^0 and L91 in 1889.

Mi>8issippi showed failures of 1.34 in 1879, a decrease to .89 the year
afterwards, and an increase in 1888 to 1.51, and last year to 1.57.

Missouri ranged from .44 to .69, but never did reach 1.

Montana ha^ increased from .58 to 1.21.

Nebraska has a record of an increase of only the difference between
1.25 and 1.30 in that time.

North Carolina suffered in 1879 to the extent of 1.43 ; in 1880 .74, and
in 1889 to 1.84.

Texas makes a showing of 1.28 in 1879, 2.77 in 1886, 2.63 in 1887,
2.74 in 1888, and 1.65 in 1889.

Virginia's per centum has been .80 in 1870 and 1.20 in 1889.

West Virginia has increased in the eleven years from .47 to .84.

Statistics for the whole country show that the per centum has in-
creased from .95 in 1879 to 1.04 in 1889.

A CONTINUATION OF THE PROSPEROUS CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY

WILL BE GUARANTIED.

The prosperity of the country rests to a great extent in the confi-
dence of men in each other. There is no element that so far begets and
supports such confidence as a knowledge that there are such laws as
will prevent such confidence being violated, and in the event it is at-
tempted will furnish such persons as have been wronged a complete
remedy.

There is always great danger that when any one of a series of busi-
ness concerns intimately connected becomes involved all of them will
be ruined, notwithstanding they may be unquestionably solvent. Tnis
danger arises from a want of knowledge on the part of the creditors as
to their real condition, and the fear that some other creditor will begin
proceedings first and thereby secure the entire amount due. The result
is great harm to the debtor and creditors.

It is therefore of the utmost importance that there should be in ex-
istence a uniform, equitable law for the adjustment of difficulties in
the event of trouble. The presence of such a law will do more than
any other one thing to prevent a panic.

THE TORBEY BANKRUPT BILU

IN CONCLUSION.

The bodies which have been reported as favorable to, and persons
who have petitioned for the enactment of, a bankrupt law, and the indi-
viduals who are members of the organization which has been formed
to promote the agitation, are summarized by States and Territories as
follows :

I Bodies
I aud
petitioners.

Alabama

Arkunans

Caiilornla ,

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia ,

Florida

Georgia

Illinois. ,

Indiana

Iowa

Kant<as

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland ,

Massachusetts

Micliipcan

Minnesota

Mississippi ,

M isHouri

Montana

6
5
2

3.
1
1
2

14
2
7
3

Officers
and
committee-
men.

7
8
6
4
1
I
0
3
6

21
4

11
4

Nebraska

Xcw Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina.
North Dakota . . .

Ohio

Oresfon

Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island —
South Carolina..
South Dakota ...

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Vu-ginia. ..
Wisconsin

Total

Bodies

and

petitioners.

Officers
and
committee-
men.

5
3
4

24
2
1

1»
3

10
4
1
1
5

12
0
0
4
3

3<
0

3
22

4
12

1
2

4
o

S
i

245

273

The movement in behalf of this measure is non-sectional aud non-
political, as will appear from the above table. It is not in the interest
of any class, but for the benefit of all classes. The expenses of con-
ducting 4:he agitation have not been borne by men engaged in a partic-
ular calling or living in a particular State, but have been paid out of
petty voluntary subscriptions by men in all callings and in all of the
States.

It is respectfully submitted that the measure is entitled to an early
hearing by Congress and that it ought to be passed.

For the executive committee,

Wm. E. Sohweppe,

Chairman,

m-4

m^.

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